Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the liver as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.
Single or multiple areas of PUS due to infection by any ameboid protozoa (AMEBIASIS). A common form is caused by the ingestion of ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA.
Single or multiple areas of PUS due to bacterial infection within the hepatic parenchyma. It can be caused by a variety of BACTERIA, local or disseminated from infections elsewhere such as in APPENDICITIS; CHOLECYSTITIS; PERITONITIS; and after LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.
A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)
A species of parasitic protozoa causing ENTAMOEBIASIS and amebic dysentery (DYSENTERY, AMEBIC). Characteristics include a single nucleus containing a small central karyosome and peripheral chromatin that is finely and regularly beaded.
An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
A species of gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria isolated from the natural cavities of man and other animals and from necrotic lesions, abscesses, and blood.
Infection with amoebae of the genus ENTAMOEBA. Infection with E. histolytica causes DYSENTERY, AMEBIC and LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC.
Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.
The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.
Infection of the LIVER with species of MYCOBACTERIUM, most often MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS. It is characterized by localized small tuberculous miliary lesions or tumor-like mass (TUBERCULOMA), and abnormalities in liver function tests.
A pathologic process consisting in the formation of pus.
Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial EPIDURAL SPACE. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a vertebral body; ANALGESIA, EPIDURAL; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, URINARY INCONTINENCE, and FECAL INCONTINENCE. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a cranial bone, SINUSITIS, or OTITIS MEDIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)
Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.
Abscess of the PSOAS MUSCLES resulting usually from disease of the lumbar vertebrae, with the pus descending into the muscle sheath. The infection is most commonly tuberculous or staphylococcal.
Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.
Pathological processes of the LIVER.
DYSENTERY caused by intestinal amebic infection, chiefly with ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA. This condition may be associated with amebic infection of the LIVER and other distant sites.
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.
The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.
Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.
Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.
Agents which are destructive to amebae, especially the parasitic species causing AMEBIASIS in man and animal.
Acute or chronic inflammation of tissues surrounding the apical portion of a tooth, associated with the collection of pus, resulting from infection following pulp infection through a carious lesion or as a result of an injury causing pulp necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)
An accumulation of purulent material in the space between the PHARYNX and the CERVICAL VERTEBRAE. This usually results from SUPPURATION of retropharyngeal LYMPH NODES in patients with UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS, perforation of the pharynx, or head and neck injuries.
Accumulation of purulent EXUDATES beneath the DIAPHRAGM, also known as upper abdominal abscess. It is usually associated with PERITONITIS or postoperative infections.
A species of EDWARDSIELLA distinguished by its hydrogen sulfide production. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS. It has also been proposed as a radiation sensitizer for hypoxic cells. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985, p133), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck, 11th ed).
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
Repair or renewal of hepatic tissue.
An accumulation of purulent material in the area between the PALATINE TONSIL and its capsule.
Radiographic visualization of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, i.e., within the peritoneal cavity.
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.
Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.
A genus of ameboid protozoa characterized by the presence of beaded chromatin on the inner surface of the nuclear membrane. Its organisms are parasitic in invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
Suppurative inflammation of the tissues of the internal structures of the eye frequently associated with an infection.
A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of humans and other animals. No endospores are formed. Some species are pathogenic and occur in various purulent or gangrenous infections.
Cells or feeding stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. In the malarial parasite, the trophozoite develops from the MEROZOITE and then splits into the SCHIZONT. Trophozoites that are left over from cell division can go on to form gametocytes.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOMYCES.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Taiwan" is not a medical term and does not have a medical definition. It is a country located in East Asia. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terms, I would be happy to help with those!
Localized circumscribed purulent area of inflammation in the periodontal tissue. It is a derivative of marginal periodontitis and commonly associated with suprabony and infrabony pockets and interradicular involvements, in contrast to periapical abscess which is attributable to pulp necrosis.
A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
A disease of the horny parts and of the adjacent soft structures of the feet of cattle, swine, and sheep. It is usually caused by Corynebacterium pyogenes or Bacteroides nodosus (see DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS). It is also known as interdigital necrobacillosis. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 18th ed)
Substances that are destructive to protozoans.
The removal of secretions, gas or fluid from hollow or tubular organs or cavities by means of a tube and a device that acts on negative pressure.
Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.
Presence of pus in a hollow organ or body cavity.
One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

Causative agents of liver abscess in Thai hepatitis B carriers. (1/65)

Liver abscess and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are two significant tropical gastrointestinal disorders. The concurrence between these two disorders yields poor prognosis, which then often leads to the need for intensive care. The aim of this study was to investigate the causal pathogens of liver abscess in HBV carriers. This retrospective case review was conducted on 35 Thai hospitalized HBV carriers who had diagnosis of liver abscess. A high rate of amoebic liver abscess in this series (37.1%) was demonstrated; Gram-negative aerobes were the major abscess pathogens. The causative pathogens of HBV carriers were similar to those in the overall patient population with abscess. The treatment plan for liver abscess in the general population can also be applied to HBV carriers.  (+info)

Pyogenic liver abscess: recent trends in etiology and mortality. (2/65)

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscess, a potentially life-threatening disease, has undergone significant changes in epidemiology, management, and mortality over the past several decades. METHODS: We reviewed the data for patients admitted to Bellevue Hospital and New York University Downtown Hospital (New York, New York) over a 10-year period. RESULTS: Of 79 cases reviewed, 43% occurred in patients with underlying biliary disease. The most common symptoms were fever, chills, and right upper quadrant pain or tenderness. The most common laboratory abnormalities were an elevated white blood cell count (in 68% of cases), temperature >or=38.1 degrees C (90%), a low albumin level (70.2%), and an elevated alkaline phosphatase level (67%). Seventy percent of the abscesses were in the right lobe, and 77% were solitary. Klebsiella pneumoniae was identified in 41% of cases in which a pathogen was recovered. Eighteen (50%) of 36 Asian patients had K. pneumoniae isolated, in contrast to 6 (27.3%) of 22 non-Asian patients (not statistically significant). Fifty-six percent of cases involved treatment with percutaneous drainage. Although prior reports noted mortality of 11%-31%, we observed only 2 deaths (mortality, 2.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that K. pneumoniae has become the predominant etiology of pyogenic liver abscess and that mortality from this disease has decreased substantially.  (+info)

Pyogenic liver abscess due to Rhodococcus equi in an immunocompetent host. (3/65)

A case of pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) due to Rhodococcus equi in an immunocompetent individual was successfully treated by combining surgery and antibiotics. The R. equi-targeted antimicrobial agents erythromycin and rifampin were used only after surgical resection of the lesion and identification of the infective organism.  (+info)

An appraisal of surgical and percutaneous drainage for pyogenic liver abscesses larger than 5 cm. (4/65)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether first-line treatment with percutaneous or surgical drainage of liver abscesses larger than 5 cm results in better clinical outcome. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pyogenic liver abscesses larger than 5 cm are currently treated by intravenous antibiotics and either percutaneous (PD) or surgical drainage (SD). Percutaneous techniques have been increasingly performed in place of open drainage as first-line treatment. This paradigm shift has been fueled by the drive for low-risk and less-invasive procedures and the surgical option being reserved for percutaneous failures. Yet there is a lack of data to support percutaneous drainage over open surgical drainage as first-line treatment. METHODS: Over a 3-year period, 80 patients with liver abscesses larger than 5 cm amenable to PD and SD were included in the study. This situation was possible as 1 team of surgeons favored the use of PD and 1 team favored the use of SD as first-line treatment. The treatment outcomes in both groups were compared, and clinical end-points included time to defervescence of fever, failure of treatment, secondary procedures, hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: PD was performed in 36 patients and SD in 44 patients as first-line treatment. Clinical, laboratory, and abscess parameters were comparable in both groups. Sixty-four of 80 patients (80%) had multiloculated abscess. The time to defervescence of fever was not statistically significant (PD versus SD, 4.85 versus 4.38 days; P = 0.09). However, SD had less treatment failures (3 versus 10, P = 0.013), less requirement for secondary procedures (5 versus 13, P = 0.01), and shorter length of hospital stay (8 versus 11 days, P = 0.03). There was no difference in morbidity or mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that for large liver abscesses more than 5 cm, SD provides better clinical outcomes than PD in terms of treatment success, number of secondary procedures, and hospital stay with comparable morbidity and mortality rates. SD should be considered as first-line treatment of large liver abscesses.  (+info)

A nationwide study of the incidence and 30-day mortality rate of pyogenic liver abscess in Denmark, 1977-2002. (5/65)

BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscess is a life-threatening disease. Accurate data on incidence and prognosis are important, but scarce. AIM: To examine changes in the incidence and 30-day mortality rate of patients with pyogenic liver abscess in Denmark. METHODS: Using nationwide administrative registers, we identified all patients diagnosed with pyogenic liver abscess in Denmark, 1977-2002, and their dates of death. We computed annual standardized incidence and 30-day mortality rates, and used Poisson regression to adjust gender-specific mortality rates for year-by-year differences in age at diagnosis. RESULTS: We identified 1448 patients with pyogenic liver abscess, of whom 54% were men. The crude incidence rate for the entire study period was 11.8 per 1,000,000 for men and 9.7 per 1,000,000 for women. Between 1977 and 2002, the incidence rate increased from 6 to 18 per 1,000,000 for men and from 8 to 12 per 1,000,000 for women. The cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 15% for men and 23% for women. The adjusted 30-day mortality rate decreased from 40% for men and 50% for women to around 10% for both genders. CONCLUSIONS: In this large nationwide study spanning a 26-year period, we found an increasing incidence rate and a decreasing mortality rate of pyogenic liver abscess. We believe that these changes are primarily explained by more sensitive diagnostic tools.  (+info)

Lemierre's syndrome: Porphyromonas asaccharolytica as a putative pathogen. (6/65)

A case of Lemierre's syndrome is reported in which metastatic abscesses resulted from septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein secondary to bacterial pharyngitis. A 32-year-old male suffering from a painful left-sided neck mass, sore throat, and fever was admitted to our hospital. Computed tomography revealed thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein, septic pulmonary emboli, and a liver abscess. Blood culture showed Porphyromonas asaccharolytica. Although empyema occurred transiently during the treatment, the patient recovered following prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Although Fusobacterium species are a well-known cause of Lemierre's syndrome, cases in whom Porphyromonas species was isolated have scarcely been reported. Moreover, case reports from Japan have been few.  (+info)

Genomic heterogeneity in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is associated with primary pyogenic liver abscess and metastatic infection. (7/65)

BACKGROUND: Primary pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) with septic complication by Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging infectious disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using DNA microarray hybridization, we identified a 20-kb chromosomal region that contained 15 open-reading frames (ORFs), including an iron-uptake system (kfu), a phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), and 6 unknown ORFs. The region was more prevalent among tissue-invasive strains (35/46) than among noninvasive strains (19/98) (P<.0001, chi2 test). To test the role played by this region in pathogenesis, 3 different deletion mutants (NTUH-K2044 [Delta kfu], K2044 [Delta ORF7-9], and K2044 [Delta PTS]) were constructed. Only the Delta kfuABC mutants showed decreased virulence in mice, compared with the wild-type strain. An in vitro assay confirmed the involvement of kfu in iron acquisition. There was a high correlation rate (85%) between the kfu/PTS region and 2 tissue invasion-associated chromosomal regions (allS and magA). Moreover, all 3 regions were present in strains that caused PLA plus endophthalmitis or meningitis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that chromosomal heterogeneity is present in tissue-invasive K. pneumoniae strains. A genotype containing all 3 regions is strongly associated with PLA and metastatic infection. These regions may serve as convenient markers for the rapid diagnosis of emergent tissue-invasive strains.  (+info)

Comparison of pyogenic liver abscesses of biliary and cryptogenic origin. An eight-year analysis in a University Hospital. (8/65)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to delineate the clinical features of pyogenic liver abscesses of biliary and cryptogenic origin, and to compare the differences in outcome of patients between the two groups. METHODS: We studied 86 patients, aged 19 years or older, with pyogenic liver abscess admitted to Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, between January 1996 and December 2003. The demographic data and medical information of the patients were reviewed and recorded. Of the 86 patients, 34 were classified into the biliary group and 52 were classified into the cryptogenic group. RESULTS: Patients with pyogenic liver abscesses of biliary origin had a higher frequency of underlying malignancy and Murphy's sign compared to those with pyogenic liver abscesses of cryptogenic origin. With respect to specific pathogens, Escherichia coli were more prevalent in the biliary group while Klebsiella pneumoniae were more prevalent in the cryptogenic group. Anaerobic isolates were less frequently cultured in the cryptogenic group than in the biliary group. After adjustment for age, sex, and the duration of symptoms before admission, there was no difference in mortality between both groups (biliary vs cryptogenic: 15% vs 8%; adjusted OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.24-8.25; p = 0.899). After adjustment for confounders, patients in the biliary group had higher frequencies of time to defervesce >1 week after admission (68% vs 40%; adjusted OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.09-9.04, p = 0.030) and hospital stay >3 weeks (47% vs 15%; adjusted OR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.45-13.91; p = 0.007) than those in the cryptogenic group. CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights that pyogenic liver abscesses of cryptogenic origin had a benign clinical response, which was associated with shorter duration of hospitalisation and time to defervesce after admission, compared to those of biliary origin.  (+info)

A liver abscess is a localized collection of pus within the liver tissue caused by an infection. It can result from various sources such as bacterial or amebic infections that spread through the bloodstream, bile ducts, or directly from nearby organs. The abscess may cause symptoms like fever, pain in the upper right abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. If left untreated, a liver abscess can lead to serious complications, including sepsis and organ failure. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scan, followed by drainage of the pus and antibiotic treatment.

Amebic liver abscess is a medical condition characterized by the presence of a pus-filled cavity (abscess) in the liver caused by the infection of the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite typically enters the body through contaminated food or water and makes its way to the liver, where it can cause tissue damage and abscess formation. The abscess is usually solitary and contains necrotic debris and inflammatory cells, primarily composed of neutrophils. Symptoms may include fever, right upper quadrant pain, and tender hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). If left untreated, amebic liver abscess can lead to serious complications such as perforation of the liver, bacterial superinfection, or spread of the infection to other organs.

A pyogenic liver abscess is a localized collection of pus within the liver parenchyma caused by an infectious process. It's typically characterized by the presence of a purulent material, which can be composed of white blood cells (neutrophils), necrotic debris, and microorganisms. The infection usually spreads to the liver through the hepatic blood vessels from a primary focus of infection elsewhere in the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, or dental sources.

The most common causative organisms are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus species; however, anaerobes and fungi can also be responsible in certain populations. The clinical presentation of pyogenic liver abscess may include fever, chills, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and signs of systemic infection. Diagnosis is usually confirmed with imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scan, followed by aspiration and culture of the pus for identification of the causative organism(s) and antibiogram-guided antimicrobial therapy. Drainage of the abscess, either percutaneously or surgically, might be required in specific cases to ensure resolution and prevent recurrence.

An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. It is typically characterized by inflammation, redness, warmth, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Abscesses can form in various parts of the body, including the skin, teeth, lungs, brain, and abdominal organs. They are usually treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection and may require drainage if they are large or located in a critical area. If left untreated, an abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or organ failure.

A brain abscess is a localized collection of pus in the brain that is caused by an infection. It can develop as a result of a bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection that spreads to the brain from another part of the body or from an infection that starts in the brain itself (such as from a head injury or surgery).

The symptoms of a brain abscess may include headache, fever, confusion, seizures, weakness or numbness on one side of the body, and changes in vision, speech, or behavior. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat the infection, as well as surgical drainage of the abscess to relieve pressure on the brain.

It is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent potentially life-threatening complications such as brain herniation or permanent neurological damage.

'Entamoeba histolytica' is a species of microscopic, single-celled protozoan parasites that can cause a range of human health problems, primarily in the form of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. The medical definition of 'Entamoeba histolytica' is as follows:

Entamoeba histolytica: A species of pathogenic protozoan parasites belonging to the family Entamoebidae, order Amoebida, and phylum Sarcomastigophora. These microorganisms are typically found in the form of cysts or trophozoites and can infect humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, water, or feces.

Once inside the human body, 'Entamoeba histolytica' parasites can colonize the large intestine, where they may cause a range of symptoms, from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery, depending on the individual's immune response and the location of the infection. In some cases, these parasites can also invade other organs, such as the liver, lungs, or brain, leading to more serious health complications.

The life cycle of 'Entamoeba histolytica' involves two main stages: the cyst stage and the trophozoite stage. The cysts are the infective form, which can be transmitted from person to person through fecal-oral contact or by ingesting contaminated food or water. Once inside the human body, these cysts excyst in the small intestine, releasing the motile and feeding trophozoites.

The trophozoites then migrate to the large intestine, where they can multiply by binary fission and cause tissue damage through their ability to phagocytize host cells and release cytotoxic substances. Some of these trophozoites may transform back into cysts, which are excreted in feces and can then infect other individuals.

Diagnosis of 'Entamoeba histolytica' infection typically involves the examination of stool samples for the presence of cysts or trophozoites, as well as serological tests to detect antibodies against the parasite. Treatment usually involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which can kill the trophozoites and help to control the infection. However, it is important to note that these drugs do not affect the cysts, so proper sanitation and hygiene measures are crucial to prevent the spread of the parasite.

An abdominal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the abdominal cavity, caused by an infection. It can occur as a result of complications from surgery, trauma, or inflammatory conditions such as appendicitis or diverticulitis. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness at the site of the abscess. Abdominal abscesses can be serious and require medical treatment, which may include antibiotics, drainage of the abscess, or surgery.

Fusobacterium necrophorum is a gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore forming rod-shaped bacterium. It is a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and urogenital tract of humans and animals. However, it can cause various infections in humans, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems.

Fusobacterium necrophorum is well known for its association with severe clinical conditions such as Lemierre's syndrome, which is a rare but life-threatening condition characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic infections. It can also cause other suppurative infections including bronchitis, pneumonia, meningitis, brain abscesses, and septicemia. In addition, Fusobacterium necrophorum has been implicated in the pathogenesis of certain types of periodontal disease and is a significant cause of bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients.

Entamoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It can affect various organs, but the most common site of infection is the large intestine (colon), leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and cramping. In severe cases, it may cause invasive disease, including amoebic dysentery or extraintestinal infections like liver abscesses.

The life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica involves two stages: the infective cyst stage and the proliferative trophozoite stage. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or hands containing cysts. Once inside the human body, these cysts excyst in the small intestine, releasing trophozoites that colonize the large intestine and cause disease.

Entamoebiasis is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Preventive measures include proper handwashing, safe food handling, and access to clean water. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole.

A lung abscess is a localized collection of pus in the lung parenchyma caused by an infectious process, often due to bacterial infection. It's characterized by necrosis and liquefaction of pulmonary tissue, resulting in a cavity filled with purulent material. The condition can develop as a complication of community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia, aspiration of oral secretions containing anaerobic bacteria, septic embolism, or contiguous spread from a nearby infected site.

Symptoms may include cough with foul-smelling sputum, chest pain, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as chest X-ray or CT scan, along with microbiological examination of the sputum to identify the causative organism(s). Treatment often includes antibiotic therapy tailored to the identified pathogen(s), as well as supportive care such as bronchoscopy, drainage, or surgery in severe cases.

Klebsiella infections are caused by bacteria called Klebsiella spp., with the most common species being Klebsiella pneumoniae. These gram-negative, encapsulated bacilli are normal inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract and upper respiratory tract but can cause various types of infections when they spread to other body sites.

Commonly, Klebsiella infections include:

1. Pneumonia: This is a lung infection that can lead to symptoms like cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fever. It often affects people with weakened immune systems, chronic lung diseases, or those who are hospitalized.

2. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Klebsiella can cause UTIs, particularly in individuals with compromised urinary tracts, such as catheterized patients or those with structural abnormalities. Symptoms may include pain, burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and lower abdominal or back pain.

3. Bloodstream infections (bacteremia/septicemia): When Klebsiella enters the bloodstream, it can cause bacteremia or septicemia, which can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by an overwhelming immune response to infection. Symptoms may include fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and rapid breathing.

4. Wound infections: Klebsiella can infect wounds, particularly in patients with open surgical wounds or traumatic injuries. Infected wounds may display redness, swelling, pain, pus discharge, and warmth.

5. Soft tissue infections: These include infections of the skin and underlying soft tissues, such as cellulitis and abscesses. Symptoms can range from localized redness, swelling, and pain to systemic symptoms like fever and malaise.

Klebsiella infections are increasingly becoming difficult to treat due to their resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, which has led to the term "carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae" (CRE) or "carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae" (CRKP). These infections often require the use of last-resort antibiotics like colistin and tigecycline. Infection prevention measures, such as contact precautions, hand hygiene, and environmental cleaning, are crucial to controlling the spread of Klebsiella in healthcare settings.

Drainage, in medical terms, refers to the removal of excess fluid or accumulated collections of fluids from various body parts or spaces. This is typically accomplished through the use of medical devices such as catheters, tubes, or drains. The purpose of drainage can be to prevent the buildup of fluids that may cause discomfort, infection, or other complications, or to treat existing collections of fluid such as abscesses, hematomas, or pleural effusions. Drainage may also be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze the type and composition of the fluid being removed.

Hepatic tuberculosis (HTB) is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) that involves the liver. It can occur as a result of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a primary site of infection, usually the lungs, through the bloodstream to the liver.

In hepatic tuberculosis, the liver may become enlarged and tender, and patients may experience symptoms such as fever, night sweats, loss of appetite, weight loss, and abdominal discomfort. Liver function tests may show elevated levels of certain enzymes, such as alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT).

Diagnosis of hepatic tuberculosis can be challenging, as the symptoms and laboratory findings are nonspecific. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may show evidence of liver involvement, but a definitive diagnosis usually requires histological examination of liver tissue obtained through biopsy.

Treatment of hepatic tuberculosis involves the use of multiple antituberculous drugs, typically including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. The duration of treatment is usually at least six months, but may be longer in some cases. It is important to monitor liver function tests closely during treatment, as these medications can cause liver damage in some individuals.

Suppuration is the process of forming or discharging pus. It is a condition that results from infection, tissue death (necrosis), or injury, where white blood cells (leukocytes) accumulate to combat the infection and subsequently die, forming pus. The pus consists of dead leukocytes, dead tissue, debris, and microbes (bacteria, fungi, or protozoa). Suppuration can occur in various body parts such as the lungs (empyema), brain (abscess), or skin (carbuncle, furuncle). Treatment typically involves draining the pus and administering appropriate antibiotics to eliminate the infection.

An epidural abscess is a localized collection of pus (abscess) in the epidural space, which is the potential space between the dura mater (the outermost membrane covering the brain and spinal cord) and the vertebral column. The infection typically occurs as a result of bacterial invasion into this space and can cause compression of the spinal cord or nerves, leading to serious neurological deficits if not promptly diagnosed and treated.

Epidural abscesses can occur in any part of the spine but are most commonly found in the lumbar region. They may develop as a complication of a nearby infection, such as a skin or soft tissue infection, or as a result of hematogenous spread (spread through the bloodstream) from a distant site of infection. Risk factors for developing an epidural abscess include diabetes, intravenous drug use, spinal surgery, and spinal instrumentation.

Symptoms of an epidural abscess may include back pain, fever, neck stiffness, weakness or numbness in the limbs, and bladder or bowel dysfunction. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, along with laboratory tests to identify the causative organism. Treatment usually consists of surgical drainage of the abscess and administration of antibiotics to eliminate the infection. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation and prevent further neurological damage.

"Klebsiella pneumoniae" is a medical term that refers to a type of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It's a gram-negative, encapsulated, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals.

"Klebsiella pneumoniae" is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a range of infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. It's a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and wound infections.

The bacterium is known for its ability to produce a polysaccharide capsule that makes it resistant to phagocytosis by white blood cells, allowing it to evade the host's immune system. Additionally, "Klebsiella pneumoniae" has developed resistance to many antibiotics, making infections caused by this bacterium difficult to treat and a growing public health concern.

A psoas abscess is a localized collection of pus (infectious material) in the iliopsoas muscle compartment, which consists of the psoas major and iliacus muscles. These muscles are located in the lower back and pelvis, responsible for flexing the hip joint.

Psoas abscesses can be classified as primary or secondary:

1. Primary psoas abscess: This type is caused by hematogenous spread (dissemination through the blood) of a bacterial infection from a distant site, often involving the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, or skin. It is less common and typically seen in individuals with compromised immune systems.
2. Secondary psoas abscess: This type is caused by direct extension of an infection from a nearby anatomical structure, such as the spine, vertebral column, or retroperitoneal space (the area behind the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity). Common causes include spinal osteomyelitis (spinal bone infection), discitis (infection of the intervertebral disc), or a perforated viscus (a hole in an organ like the bowel).

Symptoms of a psoas abscess may include lower back pain, hip pain, fever, chills, and difficulty walking. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as CT scans or MRIs, which can confirm the presence and extent of the abscess. Treatment usually consists of antibiotic therapy and drainage of the abscess, often through a percutaneous (through the skin) approach guided by imaging. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary for adequate drainage and management.

Fusobacterium infections are diseases or conditions caused by the bacterial genus Fusobacterium, which are gram-negative, anaerobic bacilli. These bacteria are commonly found as normal flora in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. However, under certain circumstances, they can cause infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions.

Fusobacterium infections can manifest in various forms, including:

1. Oral infections: Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most common species associated with oral infections, such as periodontitis, abscesses, and Ludwig's angina.
2. Respiratory tract infections: Fusobacterium necrophorum can cause lung abscesses, empyema, and bronchitis.
3. Bloodstream infections (bacteremia): Fusobacterium species can enter the bloodstream through various routes, such as dental procedures or invasive medical procedures, leading to bacteremia. This condition can be particularly dangerous for individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying medical conditions.
4. Intra-abdominal infections: Fusobacterium species can cause intra-abdominal abscesses, peritonitis, and appendicitis.
5. Skin and soft tissue infections: Fusobacterium species can cause cellulitis, myositis, and necrotizing fasciitis.
6. Bone and joint infections: Fusobacterium species can cause osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.
7. Central nervous system infections: Fusobacterium species can cause meningitis and brain abscesses, although these are rare.

Fusobacterium infections can be challenging to treat due to their anaerobic nature and resistance to certain antibiotics. Therefore, it is essential to seek medical attention if you suspect a Fusobacterium infection. Treatment typically involves the use of appropriate antibiotics, such as metronidazole or clindamycin, and sometimes surgical intervention may be necessary.

Liver diseases refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the normal functioning of the liver. The liver is a vital organ responsible for various critical functions such as detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.

Liver diseases can be categorized into acute and chronic forms. Acute liver disease comes on rapidly and can be caused by factors like viral infections (hepatitis A, B, C, D, E), drug-induced liver injury, or exposure to toxic substances. Chronic liver disease develops slowly over time, often due to long-term exposure to harmful agents or inherent disorders of the liver.

Common examples of liver diseases include hepatitis, cirrhosis (scarring of the liver tissue), fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune liver diseases, genetic/hereditary liver disorders (like Wilson's disease and hemochromatosis), and liver cancers. Symptoms may vary widely depending on the type and stage of the disease but could include jaundice, abdominal pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and weight loss.

Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent progression and potential complications associated with liver diseases.

Amebic dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is characterized by severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus, abdominal pain, and cramping. The infection is typically acquired through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Once inside the body, the parasites invade the intestinal lining, causing damage and leading to the symptoms of dysentery. In severe cases, the parasites can spread to other organs such as the liver, lungs, or brain, causing more serious infections. Amebic dysentery is treated with medications that kill the parasites, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene and sanitation, including proper handwashing and safe food handling practices.

The liver is a large, solid organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above the stomach. It plays a vital role in several bodily functions, including:

1. Metabolism: The liver helps to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from the food we eat into energy and nutrients that our bodies can use.
2. Detoxification: The liver detoxifies harmful substances in the body by breaking them down into less toxic forms or excreting them through bile.
3. Synthesis: The liver synthesizes important proteins, such as albumin and clotting factors, that are necessary for proper bodily function.
4. Storage: The liver stores glucose, vitamins, and minerals that can be released when the body needs them.
5. Bile production: The liver produces bile, a digestive juice that helps to break down fats in the small intestine.
6. Immune function: The liver plays a role in the immune system by filtering out bacteria and other harmful substances from the blood.

Overall, the liver is an essential organ that plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and well-being.

Liver neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the liver that can be benign or malignant. Benign liver neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors that do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant liver neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue and spread to other organs.

Liver neoplasms can be primary, meaning they originate in the liver, or secondary, meaning they have metastasized (spread) to the liver from another part of the body. Primary liver neoplasms can be further classified into different types based on their cell of origin and behavior, including hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and hepatic hemangioma.

The diagnosis of liver neoplasms typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, and biopsy to confirm the type and stage of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type and extent of the neoplasm and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a diseased or failing liver is replaced with a healthy one from a deceased donor or, less commonly, a portion of a liver from a living donor. The goal of the procedure is to restore normal liver function and improve the patient's overall health and quality of life.

Liver transplantation may be recommended for individuals with end-stage liver disease, acute liver failure, certain genetic liver disorders, or liver cancers that cannot be treated effectively with other therapies. The procedure involves complex surgery to remove the diseased liver and implant the new one, followed by a period of recovery and close medical monitoring to ensure proper function and minimize the risk of complications.

The success of liver transplantation has improved significantly in recent years due to advances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive medications, and post-transplant care. However, it remains a major operation with significant risks and challenges, including the need for lifelong immunosuppression to prevent rejection of the new liver, as well as potential complications such as infection, bleeding, and organ failure.

Amebiasis is defined as an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which can affect the intestines and other organs. The infection can range from asymptomatic to symptomatic with various manifestations such as abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be mild or severe), bloody stools, and fever. In some cases, it can lead to serious complications like liver abscess. Transmission of the parasite typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue with scarred (fibrotic) tissue, leading to loss of function. The scarring is caused by long-term damage from various sources such as hepatitis, alcohol abuse, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other causes. As the disease advances, it can lead to complications like portal hypertension, fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites), impaired brain function (hepatic encephalopathy), and increased risk of liver cancer. It is generally irreversible, but early detection and treatment of underlying causes may help slow down its progression.

Tylosin is defined as a macrolide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces fradiae. It is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat various bacterial infections in animals, such as respiratory and digestive tract infections caused by susceptible organisms.

Tylosin works by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis and thereby preventing bacterial growth. It has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive bacteria, including some strains that are resistant to other antibiotics. However, tylosin is not commonly used in human medicine due to its potential for causing hearing damage and other side effects.

In addition to its use as an antibiotic, tylosin has also been used as a growth promoter in animal feed to improve feed efficiency and weight gain. However, this practice has been banned in some countries due to concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance and the potential risks to human health.

Amebicides are medications that are used to treat infections caused by amebae, which are single-celled microorganisms. One common ameba that can cause infection in humans is Entamoeba histolytica, which can lead to a condition called amebiasis. Amebicides work by killing or inhibiting the growth of the amebae. Some examples of amebicides include metronidazole, tinidazole, and chloroquine. It's important to note that these medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have side effects and may interact with other medications.

A periapical abscess is a localized infection that occurs at the tip of the tooth's root, specifically in the periapical tissue. This tissue surrounds the end of the tooth's root and helps anchor the tooth to the jawbone. The infection is usually caused by bacteria that enter the pulp chamber of the tooth as a result of dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease, or trauma that damages the tooth's protective enamel layer.

The infection leads to pus accumulation in the periapical tissue, forming an abscess. The symptoms of a periapical abscess may include:

1. Pain and tenderness in the affected tooth, which can be throbbing or continuous
2. Swelling in the gums surrounding the tooth
3. Sensitivity to hot, cold, or pressure on the tooth
4. Fever, general malaise, or difficulty swallowing (in severe cases)
5. A foul taste in the mouth or bad breath
6. Tooth mobility or loosening
7. Formation of a draining sinus tract (a small opening in the gums that allows pus to drain out)

Periapical abscesses require dental treatment, which typically involves removing the infected pulp tissue through root canal therapy and cleaning, shaping, and sealing the root canals. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the infection, but they do not replace the necessary dental treatment. If left untreated, a periapical abscess can lead to severe complications, such as the spread of infection to other parts of the body or tooth loss.

A retropharyngeal abscess is a deep neck infection involving the potential space between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the alar fascia, primarily located in the retropharyngeal space. This space extends from the base of the skull to the mediastinum and contains loose connective tissue, fat, and lymph nodes. The infection usually originates from an upper respiratory tract infection or a penetrating injury to the posterior pharyngeal wall.

The abscess can cause swelling and compression of surrounding structures, leading to potentially serious complications such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis, or sepsis if left untreated. Symptoms may include neck pain, difficulty swallowing, fever, drooling, and decreased appetite. Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies (such as CT or MRI scans), and laboratory tests. Treatment usually involves surgical drainage of the abscess and antibiotic therapy to manage the infection.

A subphrenic abscess is a localized collection of pus (purulent material) that forms in the area below the diaphragm and above the upper part of the stomach, known as the subphrenic space. This condition often results from a complication of abdominal or pelvic surgery, perforated ulcers, or severe intra-abdominal infections. The abscess can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and decreased appetite, and it may require medical intervention, including antibiotics, drainage, or surgical management.

'Edwardsiella tarda' is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause various infections in humans, animals, and fish. It is named after Francis E. Edwards, an American microbiologist who first isolated the bacterium in 1965. The bacterium is found in aquatic environments, including freshwater and brackish water, as well as in the intestines of animals and fish.

In humans, 'E. tarda' can cause a range of infections, including gastroenteritis, wound infections, meningitis, and sepsis. The bacterium is often associated with exposure to contaminated water or food, particularly raw or undercooked seafood. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with liver disease or cancer, are at higher risk of developing severe infections.

Treatment for 'E. tarda' infections typically involves antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene, avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, and promptly treating any wounds that come into contact with contaminated water.

Metronidazole is an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. Metronidazole works by interfering with the DNA of these organisms, which inhibits their ability to grow and multiply.

It is available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, creams, and gels, and is often used to treat conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, amebiasis, giardiasis, and pseudomembranous colitis.

Like all antibiotics, metronidazole should be taken only under the direction of a healthcare provider, as misuse can lead to antibiotic resistance and other complications.

Microsomes, liver refers to a subcellular fraction of liver cells (hepatocytes) that are obtained during tissue homogenization and subsequent centrifugation. These microsomal fractions are rich in membranous structures known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), particularly the rough ER. They are involved in various important cellular processes, most notably the metabolism of xenobiotics (foreign substances) including drugs, toxins, and carcinogens.

The liver microsomes contain a variety of enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, that are crucial for phase I drug metabolism. These enzymes help in the oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis of xenobiotics, making them more water-soluble and facilitating their excretion from the body. Additionally, liver microsomes also host other enzymes involved in phase II conjugation reactions, where the metabolites from phase I are further modified by adding polar molecules like glucuronic acid, sulfate, or acetyl groups.

In summary, liver microsomes are a subcellular fraction of liver cells that play a significant role in the metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics, contributing to the overall protection and maintenance of cellular homeostasis within the body.

Liver regeneration is the ability of the liver to restore its original mass and function after injury or surgical resection. This complex process involves the proliferation and differentiation of mature hepatocytes, as well as the activation and transdifferentiation of various types of stem and progenitor cells located in the liver. The mechanisms that regulate liver regeneration include a variety of growth factors, hormones, and cytokines, which act in a coordinated manner to ensure the restoration of normal liver architecture and function. Liver regeneration is essential for the survival of individuals who have undergone partial hepatectomy or who have suffered liver damage due to various causes, such as viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, or drug-induced liver injury.

A Peritonsillar Abscess (also known as a Quinsy) is a localized collection of pus in the peritonsillar space, which is the potential space between the tonsillar capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is a serious complication of tonsillitis or pharyngitis, often caused by bacterial infection. The abscess can cause severe pain, difficulty swallowing, fever, and swelling of the neck and face. If left untreated, it can lead to more severe complications such as airway obstruction or the spread of infection. Treatment typically involves drainage of the abscess, antibiotics, and supportive care.

Abdominal radiography, also known as a KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) X-ray, is a medical imaging technique used to examine the abdominal cavity. It involves using ionizing radiation to produce images of the internal structures of the abdomen, including the bones, organs, and soft tissues.

The procedure typically involves the patient lying down on a table while a specialized X-ray machine captures images of the abdomen from different angles. The images produced can help doctors diagnose and monitor a variety of conditions, such as kidney stones, intestinal obstructions, and abnormalities in the spine or other bones.

Abdominal radiography is a quick, painless, and non-invasive procedure that requires little preparation on the part of the patient. However, it does involve exposure to radiation, so it is typically only used when necessary and when other imaging techniques are not appropriate.

Fatty liver, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a medical condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat in the liver. The liver's primary function is to process nutrients, filter blood, and fight infections, among other tasks. When excess fat builds up in the liver cells, it can impair liver function and lead to inflammation, scarring, and even liver failure if left untreated.

Fatty liver can be caused by various factors, including alcohol consumption, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), viral hepatitis, and certain medications or medical conditions. NAFLD is the most common cause of fatty liver in the United States and other developed countries, affecting up to 25% of the population.

Symptoms of fatty liver may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain or discomfort, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). However, many people with fatty liver do not experience any symptoms, making it essential to diagnose and manage the condition through regular check-ups and blood tests.

Treatment for fatty liver depends on the underlying cause. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss, exercise, and dietary modifications are often recommended for people with NAFLD or alcohol-related fatty liver disease. Medications may also be prescribed to manage related conditions such as diabetes, high cholesterol, or metabolic syndrome. In severe cases of liver damage, a liver transplant may be necessary.

Liver function tests (LFTs) are a group of blood tests that are used to assess the functioning and health of the liver. These tests measure the levels of various enzymes, proteins, and waste products that are produced or metabolized by the liver. Some common LFTs include:

1. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): An enzyme found primarily in the liver, ALT is released into the bloodstream in response to liver cell damage. Elevated levels of ALT may indicate liver injury or disease.
2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST): Another enzyme found in various tissues, including the liver, heart, and muscles. Like ALT, AST is released into the bloodstream following tissue damage. High AST levels can be a sign of liver damage or other medical conditions.
3. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): An enzyme found in several organs, including the liver, bile ducts, and bones. Elevated ALP levels may indicate a blockage in the bile ducts, liver disease, or bone disorders.
4. Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT): An enzyme found mainly in the liver, pancreas, and biliary system. Increased GGT levels can suggest liver disease, alcohol consumption, or the use of certain medications.
5. Bilirubin: A yellowish pigment produced when hemoglobin from red blood cells is broken down. Bilirubin is processed by the liver and excreted through bile. High bilirubin levels can indicate liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, or certain types of anemia.
6. Albumin: A protein produced by the liver that helps maintain fluid balance in the body and transports various substances in the blood. Low albumin levels may suggest liver damage, malnutrition, or kidney disease.
7. Total protein: A measure of all proteins present in the blood, including albumin and other types of proteins produced by the liver. Decreased total protein levels can indicate liver dysfunction or other medical conditions.

These tests are often ordered together as part of a routine health checkup or when evaluating symptoms related to liver function or disease. The results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings, medical history, and other diagnostic tests.

'Entamoeba' is a genus of protozoan parasites that are commonly found in the intestinal tract of humans and other primates. The most well-known species is 'Entamoeba histolytica,' which can cause a serious infection known as amoebiasis. This parasite is typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water, and it can invade the intestinal wall and spread to other organs in the body, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Other species of Entamoeba are generally considered non-pathogenic, meaning that they do not cause disease in healthy individuals.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Endophthalmitis is a serious inflammatory eye condition that occurs when an infection develops inside the eyeball, specifically within the vitreous humor (the clear, gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina). This condition can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms that enter the eye through various means, such as trauma, surgery, or spread from another infected part of the body.

Endophthalmitis is often characterized by symptoms like sudden onset of pain, redness, decreased vision, and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications, including blindness. Treatment typically involves administering antibiotics or antifungal medications, either systemically or directly into the eye, and sometimes even requiring surgical intervention to remove infected tissues and relieve intraocular pressure.

Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore forming bacilli that are commonly found as normal flora in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. Some species of Fusobacterium have been associated with various clinical infections and diseases, such as periodontal disease, abscesses, bacteremia, endocarditis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most well-known species in this genus and has been extensively studied for its role in various diseases. It is a opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals or when it invades damaged tissues. Fusobacterium necrophorum, another important species, is a leading cause of Lemierre's syndrome, a rare but serious condition characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic infections.

Fusobacteria are known to have a complex relationship with other microorganisms and host cells, and they can form biofilms that contribute to their virulence and persistence in the host. Further research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic mechanisms of Fusobacterium species and to develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment of Fusobacterium-associated diseases.

Trophozoites are the feeding and motile stage in the life cycle of certain protozoa, including those that cause diseases such as amebiasis and malaria. They are typically larger than the cyst stage of these organisms and have a more irregular shape. Trophozoites move by means of pseudopods (false feet) and engulf food particles through a process called phagocytosis. In the case of pathogenic protozoa, this feeding stage is often when they cause damage to host tissues.

In the case of amebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, trophozoites can invade the intestinal wall and cause ulcers, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea and abdominal pain. In malaria, caused by Plasmodium species, trophozoites infect red blood cells and multiply within them, eventually causing their rupture and release of more parasites into the bloodstream, which can lead to severe complications like cerebral malaria or organ failure.

It's important to note that not all protozoa have a trophozoite stage in their life cycle, and some may refer to this feeding stage with different terminology depending on the specific species.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

Antibodies, protozoan, refer to the immune system's response to an infection caused by a protozoan organism. Protozoa are single-celled microorganisms that can cause various diseases in humans, such as malaria, giardiasis, and toxoplasmosis.

When the body is infected with a protozoan, the immune system responds by producing specific proteins called antibodies. Antibodies are produced by a type of white blood cell called a B-cell, and they recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the protozoan organism.

There are five main types of antibodies: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each type of antibody has a different role in the immune response. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody and provides long-term immunity to previously encountered pathogens. IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection and is important for activating the complement system, which helps to destroy the protozoan organism.

Overall, the production of antibodies against protozoan organisms is a critical part of the immune response and helps to protect the body from further infection.

Actinomycosis is a type of infection caused by bacteria that are normally found in the mouth, intestines, and female genital tract. These bacteria can cause abscesses or chronic inflammation if they infect body tissues, often after trauma or surgery. The infection typically affects the face, neck, or chest, and can spread to other parts of the body over time. Symptoms may include swelling, redness, pain, and the formation of pus-filled abscesses that may discharge a characteristic yellowish granular material called "sulfur granules." Treatment typically involves long-term antibiotic therapy, often requiring high doses and intravenous administration. Surgical drainage or removal of infected tissue may also be necessary in some cases.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Taiwan" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of an island nation located in East Asia. The official name of the country is the Republic of China (ROC). If you have any medical questions or inquiries, I would be happy to help answer those for you!

A periodontal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, caused by an infection. It's typically characterized by symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness, and sometimes drainage of pus from the affected area. The infection usually arises from dental plaque that accumulates on the teeth and gums, leading to periodontal disease. If left untreated, a periodontal abscess can result in tissue destruction, bone loss, and even tooth loss. Treatment typically involves draining the abscess, removing any infected tissue, and providing oral hygiene instruction to prevent future infections. In some cases, antibiotics may also be prescribed to help clear up the infection.

Gerbillinae is a subfamily of rodents that includes gerbils, jirds, and sand rats. These small mammals are primarily found in arid regions of Africa and Asia. They are characterized by their long hind legs, which they use for hopping, and their long, thin tails. Some species have adapted to desert environments by developing specialized kidneys that allow them to survive on minimal water intake.

Cattle diseases are a range of health conditions that affect cattle, which include but are not limited to:

1. Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD): Also known as "shipping fever," BRD is a common respiratory illness in feedlot cattle that can be caused by several viruses and bacteria.
2. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): A viral disease that can cause a variety of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, and reproductive issues.
3. Johne's Disease: A chronic wasting disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. It primarily affects the intestines and can cause severe diarrhea and weight loss.
4. Digital Dermatitis: Also known as "hairy heel warts," this is a highly contagious skin disease that affects the feet of cattle, causing lameness and decreased productivity.
5. Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK): Also known as "pinkeye," IBK is a common and contagious eye infection in cattle that can cause blindness if left untreated.
6. Salmonella: A group of bacteria that can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in cattle, including diarrhea, dehydration, and septicemia.
7. Leptospirosis: A bacterial disease that can cause a wide range of symptoms in cattle, including abortion, stillbirths, and kidney damage.
8. Blackleg: A highly fatal bacterial disease that causes rapid death in young cattle. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei and vaccination is recommended for prevention.
9. Anthrax: A serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Cattle can become infected by ingesting spores found in contaminated soil, feed or water.
10. Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD): A highly contagious viral disease that affects cloven-hooved animals, including cattle. It is characterized by fever and blisters on the feet, mouth, and teats. FMD is not a threat to human health but can have serious economic consequences for the livestock industry.

It's important to note that many of these diseases can be prevented or controlled through good management practices, such as vaccination, biosecurity measures, and proper nutrition. Regular veterinary care and monitoring are also crucial for early detection and treatment of any potential health issues in your herd.

I'd be happy to help! However, I believe there might be a slight misunderstanding in your question. Mitochondria are organelles found in the cells of all complex living organisms, including humans, while the liver is a large, solid organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen. They don't have a medical definition together. I can certainly provide you with separate definitions for each:

1. Mitochondria: These are double-membrane-bound cellular organelles that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Commonly known as the "powerhouse of the cell," mitochondria convert organic substrates, such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are dynamic structures that can change their shape, size, and number through fission (division) and fusion (merging) processes. They play essential roles in various cellular functions, including calcium signaling, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and the regulation of cellular metabolism.

2. Liver: The liver is a large, lobulated organ that lies mainly in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm. It plays a crucial role in various physiological functions, such as detoxification, protein synthesis, metabolism, and nutrient storage. The liver is responsible for removing toxins from the bloodstream, producing bile to aid in digestion, regulating glucose levels, synthesizing plasma proteins, and storing glycogen, vitamins, and minerals. It also contributes to the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, helping maintain energy homeostasis in the body.

I hope this clarifies any confusion! If you have any further questions or need more information, please don't hesitate to ask.

Foot rot, also known as pododermatitis, is a common infectious disease in cloven-hoofed animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle. It's typically caused by a mixture of bacteria, usually Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella spp., that infect the soft tissues of the foot, leading to inflammation, necrosis (tissue death), and often foul-smelling discharge.

The infection often begins between the claws or toes, where the skin is more susceptible to damage and moisture accumulation. The affected area may become painful, swollen, and sensitive to pressure, making it difficult for the animal to walk or stand. In severe cases, foot rot can lead to lameness, decreased feed intake, weight loss, and even death if left untreated.

Foot rot is highly contagious and can spread quickly among animals in close contact, such as those in confined spaces or sharing pastures. Prevention strategies include maintaining good sanitation and dry conditions, trimming hooves regularly to prevent overgrowth and reduce moisture accumulation, and vaccinating against the bacteria responsible for foot rot. Rapid detection and treatment of infected animals are crucial to controlling the spread of this disease in animal populations.

Antiprotozoal agents are a type of medication used to treat protozoal infections, which are infections caused by microscopic single-celled organisms called protozoa. These agents work by either killing the protozoa or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. They can be administered through various routes, including oral, topical, and intravenous, depending on the type of infection and the severity of the illness.

Examples of antiprotozoal agents include:

* Metronidazole, tinidazole, and nitazoxanide for treating infections caused by Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica.
* Atovaquone, clindamycin, and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine for treating malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum or other Plasmodium species.
* Pentamidine and suramin for treating African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or T. b. rhodesiense.
* Nitroimidazoles, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, for treating Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.
* Sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin for treating leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania species.

Antiprotozoal agents can have side effects, ranging from mild to severe, depending on the drug and the individual patient's response. It is essential to follow the prescribing physician's instructions carefully when taking these medications and report any adverse reactions promptly.

In medical terms, suction refers to the process of creating and maintaining a partial vacuum in order to remove fluids or gases from a body cavity or wound. This is typically accomplished using specialized medical equipment such as a suction machine, which uses a pump to create the vacuum, and a variety of different suction tips or catheters that can be inserted into the area being treated.

Suction is used in a wide range of medical procedures and treatments, including wound care, surgical procedures, respiratory therapy, and diagnostic tests. It can help to remove excess fluids such as blood or pus from a wound, clear secretions from the airways during mechanical ventilation, or provide a means of visualizing internal structures during endoscopic procedures.

It is important to use proper technique when performing suctioning, as excessive or improperly applied suction can cause tissue damage or bleeding. Medical professionals are trained in the safe and effective use of suction equipment and techniques to minimize risks and ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Bacteroides infections refer to illnesses caused by the bacterial genus Bacteroides, which are a group of anaerobic, gram-negative bacilli that are normal inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. However, they can cause intra-abdominal infections, such as appendicitis, peritonitis, and liver abscesses, as well as wound infections, bacteremia, and gynecological infections when they spread to other parts of the body, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems.

Bacteroides species are often resistant to many antibiotics, making infections challenging to treat. Therefore, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, often requiring combination therapy, is essential for successful treatment. Surgical intervention may also be necessary in certain cases of Bacteroides infections, such as abscess drainage or debridement of necrotic tissue.

Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) is a medical term that refers to liver damage or injury caused by the use of medications or drugs. This condition can vary in severity, from mild abnormalities in liver function tests to severe liver failure, which may require a liver transplant.

The exact mechanism of DILI can differ depending on the drug involved, but it generally occurs when the liver metabolizes the drug into toxic compounds that damage liver cells. This can happen through various pathways, including direct toxicity to liver cells, immune-mediated reactions, or metabolic idiosyncrasies.

Symptoms of DILI may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and dark urine. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as ascites, encephalopathy, and bleeding disorders.

The diagnosis of DILI is often challenging because it requires the exclusion of other potential causes of liver injury. Liver function tests, imaging studies, and sometimes liver biopsies may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment typically involves discontinuing the offending drug and providing supportive care until the liver recovers. In some cases, medications that protect the liver or promote its healing may be used.

Empyema is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in a body cavity, most commonly in the pleural space surrounding the lungs. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the lung tissue to the pleural space. The buildup of pus can cause chest pain, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Empyema can be a complication of pneumonia or other respiratory infections, and it may require treatment with antibiotics, drainage of the pus, and sometimes surgery.

Iodoquinol is an antiprotozoal agent, which is used to treat infections caused by certain parasites. It works by killing the sensitive parasites in the intestines. The medical definition of Iodoquinol is:

A quinoline compound used primarily as an intestinal anti-amoebic agent against Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to damage the parasite cell membrane and may also inhibit enzymes involved in energy production. Iodoquinol can be administered orally or topically, depending on the formulation and route of infection.

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Prolonged use or overdose may lead to more severe side effects such as peripheral neuropathy, optic neuritis, and hearing loss. Iodoquinol should be used with caution in patients with known hypersensitivity to iodine, thyroid disorders, or kidney or liver disease. It is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to potential fetal harm and excretion in breast milk.

Antigens are substances (usually proteins) found on the surface of cells, or viruses, that can be recognized by the immune system and stimulate an immune response. In the context of protozoa, antigens refer to the specific proteins or other molecules found on the surface of these single-celled organisms that can trigger an immune response in a host organism.

Protozoa are a group of microscopic eukaryotic organisms that include a diverse range of species, some of which can cause diseases in humans and animals. When a protozoan infects a host, the host's immune system recognizes the protozoan antigens as foreign and mounts an immune response to eliminate the infection. This response involves the activation of various types of immune cells, such as T-cells and B-cells, which recognize and target the protozoan antigens.

Understanding the nature of protozoan antigens is important for developing vaccines and other immunotherapies to prevent or treat protozoan infections. For example, researchers have identified specific antigens on the surface of the malaria parasite that are recognized by the human immune system and have used this information to develop vaccine candidates. However, many protozoan infections remain difficult to prevent or treat, and further research is needed to identify new targets for vaccines and therapies.

A pyogenic liver abscess is a type of liver abscess caused by bacteria. Fever Lethargy Discomfort in right upper quadrant of ... To differentiate pyogenic liver abscess from amoebic liver abscess, several features such as subjects with age more than 50 ... multiple liver abscesses, with amoebic serologic titres less than 1:256 can help to pin down the diagnosis of pyogenic liver ... "Features distinguishing amoebic from pyogenic liver abscess: a review of 577 adult cases". Tropical Medicine & International ...
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Pyogenic liver abscess Akhondi, Hossein; Sabih, Durr E. (2022), "Liver Abscess", StatPearls, Treasure ... There are several major forms of liver abscess, classified by cause: Pyogenic liver abscess, which is most often polymicrobial ... "Liver Abscess". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30855818. Retrieved 2019-07-28. Liver Abscess CT Images CTCases Liver ... A liver abscess is a mass filled with pus inside the liver. Common causes are abdominal conditions such as appendicitis or ...
Zhao, Ze-Hua; Fan, Yu-Chen; Wang, Kai (June 2022). "Pyogenic Liver Abscess Caused by Staphylococcus hominis: A Case Report". ...
In a population suffering from pyogenic liver abscess SPINA-GD correlated to markers of malnutrition, inflammation and liver ... Xu, J; Wang, L (2019). "Low T3 Syndrome as a Predictor of Poor Prognosis in Patients With Pyogenic Liver Abscess". Frontiers in ...
Bacterial infection of the liver commonly results in pyogenic liver abscesses, acute hepatitis, or granulomatous (or chronic) ... The liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Clonorchis sinensis live in the bile ducts and cause progressive hepatitis and liver ... liver disease. Pyogenic abscesses commonly involve enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and are ... Chronic hepatitis may progress to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis), liver failure, and liver cancer. Hepatitis is most ...
In one series of 51 cases of Strep milleri group bacteremia, 6 were associated with abscesses. Pyogenic liver abscess is ... It was noted that the duration of symptoms is longer with liver abscesses associated with S. anginosus than with other ... During diagnostic testing, an abscess was found on his liver, from which 550cc of hemopurulent exudate was drained. The exudate ... Streptococcus anginosus is part of the human bacteria flora, but can cause diseases including brain and liver abscesses under ...
Liver abscess (pyogenic abscess) Malaria Amoeba infections Hydatid cyst Leptospirosis Actinomycosis Metastatic tumours ... Hepatosplenomegaly Liver function tests "Hepatomegaly. Read about Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) , Patient". Patient. Retrieved ... wherein the latter typically includes an increased liver span.[citation needed] On abdominal ultrasonography, the liver can be ... In the axial plane, the caudate lobe should normally have a cross-section of less than 0.55 of the rest of the liver. Other ...
Amoebic abscesses of the liver produce brownish pus, which is described as looking like "anchovy paste". Pus from anaerobic ... Bacteria that cause pus are called pyogenic. Although pus is normally of a whitish-yellow hue, changes in the color can be ... An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collection of pus within or ... 2006: 734 "pyogenic" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Topazian RG, Goldberg MH, Hupp JR (2002). Oral and maxillofacial ...
947-958 Liver abscesses are often acute conditions, with common causes being pyogenic and amoebic. Chronic liver disease, such ... Liver disease may also be a result of lifestyle factors, such as fatty liver and NASH. Alcoholic liver disease may also develop ... Infectious liver disease may cause a fever. Chronic liver disease may result in a buildup of fluid in the abdomen, yellowing of ... Hepatic diseases refers to those affecting the liver. Hepatitis refers to inflammation of liver tissue, and may be acute or ...
Chronic biliary obstruction may cause jaundice, itchiness, liver abscesses, and cirrhosis, particularly at the left lobe ... It is exclusive to people who live or have lived in southeast Asia. Presentation can be atypical and without pain or fever, ... liver enlargement and abnormal liver function tests. Additional complications in the acute setting include ascending ... Park, MS; Yu, JS; Kim, KW; Kim, MJ; Chung, JP; Yoon, SW; Chung, JJ; Lee, JT; Yoo, HS (September 2001). "Recurrent pyogenic ...
He lived at Garrochty on the Isle of Bute until his death and was buried nearby in the churchyard of St Blane's Church at ... Thus, in 1876 he diagnosed an abscess in the frontal lobe of a boy, but the family refused permission to operate. When the ... According to one of his biographers, "his thorough knowledge of the natural history of pyogenic diseases of the temporal bone ... The patient, a teenage girl, lived for eight more years, and a subsequent autopsy showed no trace of the tumor. He later used ...
... liver abscess, pyogenic MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.810 - subphrenic abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.160 - brain abscess MeSH C01.539 ... abdominal abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.455 - liver abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.020.455.460 - liver abscess, amebic MeSH ... lung abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.650 - periapical abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.665 - periodontal abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025. ... 675 - peritonsillar abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.700 - psoas abscess MeSH C01.539.830.025.780 - retropharyngeal abscess MeSH ...
Liver abscess is a rare complication of hepatic embolization, so the typical post-embolization appearance of a low density ... February 2011). "Pyogenic abscess after hepatic artery embolization: a rare but potentially lethal complication". Journal of ... In a review of almost 1000 patients undergoing over 2000 embolization procedures, the risk of liver abscess in patients with a ... Patients with underlying liver disease require a greater volume of liver remnant to maintain hepatic function, thus, tumors ...
... intermedius is the species in this group most commonly isolated from brain and liver abscesses. The S. anginosus group can ... pneumoniae or the Lancefield antigens of the pyogenic members of the genus. The organisms are most abundant in the mouth, and ...
... liver abscess, amebic MeSH C06.552.597.758 - liver abscess, pyogenic MeSH C06.552.630.380 - liver cirrhosis, alcoholic MeSH ... liver abscess, amebic MeSH C06.552.697.040 - adenoma, liver cell MeSH C06.552.697.160 - carcinoma, hepatocellular MeSH C06.552. ... fatty liver, alcoholic MeSH C06.552.241.649 - reye syndrome MeSH C06.552.308.500 - liver failure MeSH C06.552.308.500.356 - ... liver cell MeSH C06.301.623.160 - carcinoma, hepatocellular MeSH C06.301.623.460 - liver neoplasms, experimental MeSH C06.301. ...
Unusual cases of liver abscesses due to clonorchiasis have been reported. Liver abscesses may be seen even without dilatation ... "Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: comparison between MR cholangiography and direct cholangiography". Radiology. 220 (3): 677-82. ... Clonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke, is a liver fluke belonging to the class Trematoda, phylum Platyhelminthes. It ... They start feeding on the bile secreted from the liver, and gradually grow. They become adults in about a month, and start ...
August 2008). "Pyogenic bacterial infections in humans with MyD88 deficiency". Science. 321 (5889): 691-6. doi:10.1126/science. ... These invasive infections can also cause areas of tissue breakdown and pus production (abscesses) on internal organs. In ... swollen lymph nodes or blood stream infections with an enlarged liver and spleen. Patients with innate immune defects have ... Patients suffer from abnormally frequent and severe infections by a subset of bacteria known as pyogenic bacteria such as ...
Few patients with this condition live to adulthood.[citation needed] Most children with Chédiak-Higashi syndrome ultimately ... The decrease in phagocytosis results in recurrent pyogenic infections, albinism, and peripheral neuropathy. In Chédiak-Higashi ... Infections are treated with antibiotics and abscesses are surgically drained when appropriate. Antiviral drugs such as ...
Carragee, Eugene (1 June 1997). "Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 79 (6): 874-880. doi ... Further, Absolute indications for surgical treatment must include sepsis, epidural abscess, neurologic deficits/complications, ... needle biopsies may be needed to take samples of bone surrounding the disc space where the infection is thought to live, or ... where acute patients often experience better outcomes than those living with the chronic symptoms that are characteristic of ...
It causes severe pyogenic infections. It can be caused by autosomal dominant inheritance of the ELANE gene, autosomal recessive ... Their etiology is usually bacterial, especially staphylococcal, and they commonly involve abscesses, both cutaneous and of ... SCN4 is associated with structural cardiac abnormalities, enlarged liver, intermittent thrombocytopenia and a prominent ...
Abscess formation A cavity is formed containing pus, an opaque liquid containing dead white blood cells and bacteria with ... Infection by pyogenic bacteria such as staphylococci is characteristic of this kind of inflammation. Large, localised ... Inflammatory mediators are short-lived and are quickly degraded in the tissue. Hence, acute inflammation begins to cease once ... Such is usually the outcome when limited or short-lived inflammation has occurred. Fibrosis Large amounts of tissue destruction ...
A. sobria, given live in the feed, protected the trout when challenged with S. iniae or L. garvieae. Several antibiotics have ... Streptococcus iniae was first isolated in 1972, from subcutaneous abscesses in a captive specimen of Amazon river dolphin (Inia ... Specifically, it is clustered in the pyogenic group, along with other pathogenic streptococci such as S. pyogenes, S. ...
Hazin R, Abu-Rajab Tamimi TI, Abuzetun JY, Zein NN (October 2009). "Recognizing and treating cutaneous signs of liver disease ... Periapical abscess Pinta Pitted keratolysis (keratolysis plantare sulcatum, keratoma plantare sulcatum, ringed keratolysis) ... Plague Primary gonococcal dermatitis Pseudomonal pyoderma Pseudomonas hot-foot syndrome Pyogenic paronychia Pyomyositis Q fever ... liver spot, old age spot, senile freckle) Melanoma is a malignant proliferation of melanocytes and the most aggressive type of ...
A pyogenic liver abscess is a type of liver abscess caused by bacteria. Fever Lethargy Discomfort in right upper quadrant of ... To differentiate pyogenic liver abscess from amoebic liver abscess, several features such as subjects with age more than 50 ... multiple liver abscesses, with amoebic serologic titres less than 1:256 can help to pin down the diagnosis of pyogenic liver ... "Features distinguishing amoebic from pyogenic liver abscess: a review of 577 adult cases". Tropical Medicine & International ...
Pyogenic liver abscess is a pus-filled pocket of fluid within the liver. Pyogenic means with pus. ... Pyogenic liver abscess is a pus-filled pocket of fluid within the liver. Pyogenic means with pus. ... Pyogenic liver abscess is a pus-filled pocket of fluid within the liver. Pyogenic means "with pus". ... Infections of the liver and biliary system (liver abscess, cholangitis, cholecystitis). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds ...
343 were a single abscess and 140 were multiple abscesses. Males were predominantly affected by this disease. Abdominal pain ... A total of 483 patients with pyogenic liver abscess during the years 1986 to June 1995 were studied at Chang Gung Memorial ... Single and multiple pyogenic liver abscesses: clinical course, etiology, and results of treatment World J Surg. 1997 May;21(4): ... A total of 483 patients with pyogenic liver abscess during the years 1986 to June 1995 were studied at Chang Gung Memorial ...
A rare Danish case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis pyogenic liver abscess. Margarita Dudina*, Kirstine K. Søgaard, Thomas ... Dyk ned i forskningsemnerne om A rare Danish case of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis pyogenic liver abscess. Sammen danner de et ...
Increasing incidence of pyogenic liver abscess in Southern Sweden : a population-based study from 2011 to 2020. *Mark ... BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, and estimates suggest a gradual ... BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, and estimates suggest a gradual ... article{750e0155-0d58-4cb0-ac70-13ad3b68b076, abstract = {{,p,BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a rare but ...
... is an uncommon condition characterized by solitary or multiple collections of pus within the liver. The infection is caused by ... Nonpyogenic liver abscess [15] * Amebic liver abscess; (∼ 10% of all liver abscesses) caused by Entamoeba histolytica [6] ... Pyogenic Liver Abscess. . Clin Liver Dis. 2015. ; 6. (2). .doi:. 10.1002/cld.487. .. ,. Open in Read by QxMD ... Pyogenic liver abscess. . Frontline Gastroenterol. 2013. ; 5. (1). : p.60-67. .doi:. 10.1136/flgastro-2013-100371. .. ,. Open ...
title = "Pyogenic liver abscess",. abstract = "First described by Hippocrates, pyogenic liver abscess is an uncommon but ... the mortality from pyogenic liver abscess has declined dramatically. In the first large published series of cases of pyogenic ... the mortality from pyogenic liver abscess has declined dramatically. In the first large published series of cases of pyogenic ... the mortality from pyogenic liver abscess has declined dramatically. In the first large published series of cases of pyogenic ...
Return to Article Details Characteristics of Pyogenic Liver Abscess Download Download PDF ...
A new study examines the impact of PPI treatment on mortality among patients with pyogenic liver abscess. ... Table 2. Microbiological results of blood and abscess cultures of patients with pyogenic liver abscess Pathogens. Isolates no ... Table 3. Predictive factors for index mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess Parameters. Univariate. Multivariate. ... A higher risk for infectious diseases and for pyogenic liver abscess has been reported in patients with prolonged PPI intake. ...
AGUERO, Carlos and AUCEJO, Margarita. RESULTS OF PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE AS A TREATMENT FOR PYOGENIC LIVER ABSCESS IN THE GENERAL ... pyogenic Result: The average age is 75 years.. Prevalent sex is male with 71%. Infectious germ: of which were 38% for E. coli, ... Keywords : Abscess; microbes; fungi; bacteria; parasites; reversibility; percutaneous drainage.. · abstract in Spanish · text ... Hepatic abscess is defined as suppuration caused by the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms capable of developing ...
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) complicated by inferior vena caval (IVC) thrombosis is rare but life-threatening. We experienced a ... Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) complicated by inferior vena caval (IVC) thrombosis is rare but life-threatening. We experienced a ... Kubo, H., Taniguchi, F., Shimomura, K. et al. Inferior vena caval thrombosis complicating pyogenic liver abscess after ... Inferior vena caval thrombosis complicating pyogenic liver abscess after pancreatoduodenectomy: a case report. *Hidemasa Kubo1, ...
... hepatic abscesses, and dilatation and stricturing of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct. Digby published the first ... Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is a disease defined by multiple instances of bacterial biliary tract infection, intrahepatic ... CT scan of pyogenic liver abscess. Image courtesy of Greg Everson, MD. View Media Gallery ... CT scan of pyogenic liver abscess. Image courtesy of Greg Everson, MD. View Media Gallery ...
Gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumonia Images In Infectious Diseases. Wu, Na; Yu, Yong-Sheng; Zhang, Yi ... Pyogenic liver abscess following perforated appendicitis Images In Infectious Diseases. Akyüz, Behiç * Text: en ... Amoebic liver abscess Images In Infectious Diseases. Chang, Chee Yik; Radhakrishnan, Anuradha P. * Text: en ... Giant lung and liver hydatid cyst in a 3-year-old child Images In Infectious Diseases. Ozgokce, Mesut; Ayengin, Kemal; Aydin, ...
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients with pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess.. Neill, Lorna ... Retrospective review of pyogenic (PLA) or amoebic liver abscesses (ALA) diagnosed and treated at a major infectious diseases ... We describe the clinical features of a cohort of patients with liver abscesses and investigate relationships between clinical, ... 16S rRNA analysis of abscess fluid has a role in improving microbiological diagnosis in culture-negative cases. ...
深入研究「A pilot study of oral fleroxacin once daily compared with conventional therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscess」主題。 ... A pilot study of oral fleroxacin once daily compared with conventional therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. 於: ... A pilot study of oral fleroxacin once daily compared with conventional therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. Journal ... A pilot study of oral fleroxacin once daily compared with conventional therapy in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. / Chen ...
Pyogenic liver abscess: diagnosis, bacteriology and treatment. Eur J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Dec. 3(6):506-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ... Amebic liver abscess, Echinococcus cyst, and Klebsiella and Enterococcus infections are difficult to distinguish clinically. ... Liver abscess can develop as a complication of an E coli biliary tract infection. ... Pyelonephritis, cortical abscess, and perinephric abscess. Urol Clin North Am. 1986 Nov. 13(4):637-45. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Multiple pyogenic liver abscesses formed after appendectomy: The role of percutaneous drainage in critically ill patient ...
Multiple Pyogenic Liver Abscesses Following Hemorrhoids Banding. Full article (PDF) Summary. Keywords:. *david ergas ...
An unexpected cause of deranged liver function: pyogenic liver abscess.﻽. Cheung M, Temple L, Khan M ... Simultaneous resection for rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis is a safe procedure.﻽. Silberhumer GR, Paty PB, ... Long-term oncologic outcomes for simultaneous resection of synchronous metastatic liver and primary colorectal cancer.﻽. ...
... pyogenic) (septic) (with lymphangitis) (see also Cellulitis) 682.9. *. hepatic 572.0*. amebic (see also Abscess, liver, amebic ... Abscess of liver. *ICD-9-CM 572.0 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim ... Liver abscess and sequelae of chronic liver disease 572- ... pyogenic 572.0. *. tropical (see also Abscess, liver, amebic) ... dysenteric (see also Abscess, liver, amebic) 006.3. *. ... liver 572.0*. amebic 006.3. *. with*. brain abscess (and lung ...
Pyogenic liver disease. The Hoag Health Network consists of hospitals, urgent care & health care centers in Orange County. They ... A pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a pocket of fluid that forms in the liver as a result of a bacterial infection. Instead of ... A pyogenic liver abscess can be fatal if it is not treated promptly. ... An abscess is usually accompanied by swelling and inflammation in the surrounding area, and can cause pain and swelling in the ...
Pyogenic liver abscess in children: Diagnosis and treatment at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré, Bamako, Mali (Articles) ...
... pyogenic liver abscesses, gastrointestinal cancers, Parkinsons disease (PD), and rheumatoid arthritis (Tzeng et al., 2015; ... Appendectomy correlates with increased risk of pyogenic liver abscess: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Medicine 95: ... 2017). Intestinal fungi contribute to development of alcoholic liver disease. J. Clin. Invest. 127, 2829-2841. doi: 10.1172/ ... Intestinal fungal dysbiosis occurs in or contributes to many diseases, including colitis, alcoholic liver disease, primary ...
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) can be caused by bacteria entering the liver via the portal vein or primary bacteremia, or it can ... Two cases of pyogenic liver abscess due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in immunocompetent children Shin HD, Lee MS, Hong JP, Kim T, ... Portal Hypertension of a Delayed Onset Following Liver Abscesses in a 12-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of the ... We report a 12-month-old female infant who had a history of neonatal sepsis with liver micro-abscesses that resolved with ...
An increasing number of orthotopic and living-donor liver transplantations are being performed to salvage patients with ... Overview of imaging in liver transplantation Imaging is an important part of the pre-liver transplantation workup and ... Postoperative pyogenic abscesses in the abdomen or retroperitoneum can be treated percutaneously. Abscesses that have evolved ... Living-Donor Liver Transplantation. Complications following living-donor liver transplantation (LDLTX) are essentially ...
Recently K. pneumoniae invasive community acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) sometimes complicated by endophthalmitis or ... An Extremely Sticky Phenotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae Associated with Emerging Destructive Tissue Abscess Syndrome. Clinical ...
Pyogenic & amebic liver abscess may occur in children. - Stanford CME (@StanfordCME) March 22, 2023. buy viagra online discover ... B. Live attenuated influenza virus vaccine for many days were you when your periods regular once a rash in the rx without ...
Liver abscess. Pyogenic liver abscesses. Pyogenic liver abscesses. Pyogenic liver abscesses. Pyogenic liver abscesses. ...
  • Over the past several decades with easily accessible imaging techniques enabling prompt diagnosis, potent antibiotics and effective drainage procedures, the mortality from pyogenic liver abscess has declined dramatically. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Although many patients have ongoing PPI treatment after diagnosis of liver abscess, there are no data available that focus on the prognostic impact of PPI treatment in these patients. (medscape.com)
  • A review of the clinical files of patients between 17 and 90 years old of both sexes who had been admitted to the General Surgery Department of the National Hospital of Itaúgua in the period of 2010-2016 with the diagnosis of liver abscess was made. (una.py)
  • 16S rRNA analysis of abscess fluid has a role in improving microbiological diagnosis in culture -negative cases. (bvsalud.org)
  • A preliminary diagnosis of liver abscess with covid-19 (positive status) was made. (casereports.in)
  • The final diagnosis of hepatobronchial fistula with ruptured liver abscess with covid-19 was made. (casereports.in)
  • Common causes of such fistula include pyogenic liver abscess, amoebic liver abscess, hydatid cyst, and other inflammatory conditions like biliary tree obstruction. (casereports.in)
  • Amebic liver abscess , Echinococcus cyst , and Klebsiella and Enterococcus infections are difficult to distinguish clinically. (medscape.com)
  • Amebic liver abscess: clinical presentation and diagnostic difficulties. (jsurgarts.com)
  • Amebic dysentery, common in the tropics, manifests with episodes of frequent semiliquid stools that often contain blood, mucus, and live trophozoites. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the first large published series of cases of pyogenic liver abscess in the United States, based on patients at Charity Hospital in New Orleans, there was an incidence of 8 cases per 100 000 admissions. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • In 1986, physicians from Taiwan reported seven cases of pyogenic liver abscess associated with septic endophthalmitis by K. pneumoniae [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prompt treatment of abdominal and other infections may reduce the risk of developing a liver abscess, but most cases are not preventable. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Infections of the liver and biliary system (liver abscess, cholangitis, cholecystitis). (medlineplus.gov)
  • With better diagnostic imaging techniques, along with the availability of potent antibiotics, complications from abscess formation after intra-abdominal infections has diminished significantly. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis results from repeated infections of the biliary tree (cholangitis). (medscape.com)
  • An abscess is usually caused by bacterial infections but can also be caused by viral, parasitic, or foreign objects. (ayu.health)
  • Brain abscess occurs as the result of a complication of variety of infections, trauma, or surgery and carries significant morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
  • improvements in the detection and treatment of ear, sinus, and orofacial infections has decreased the incidence of brain abscess as a consequence of direct spread of infection. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] Dental infections can lead to brain abscess via either contiguous or hematogenous routes. (medscape.com)
  • Extraintestinal infections include liver abscesses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, it can cause invasive infections and induce purulent infection with abscess formation under certain conditions and risk factors. (japsonline.com)
  • Additionally, it also tends to cause pyogenic infections with abscess formation. (japsonline.com)
  • SAG was formerly thought to cause oral cavity infections, but subsequent case reports have revealed that it can also cause infections of other body parts, including the skin, soft tissue, lungs, and liver. (japsonline.com)
  • The hallmark of HVKp infections are liver abscess formation and metastatic infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • reported that patients with HVKp infection had higher proportions of diabetes mellitus, and their infections had significantly higher propensity to liver abscess formation among Japanese patients with K. pneumoniae BSIs [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • K. pneumoniae was more often found in a single abscess and E. coli more often in multiple abscesses. (nih.gov)
  • The differential diagnoses of acute E coli meningitis include bacterial meningitis (most common H influenza , N meningitidis , and S pneumoniae ), viral meningitis, sepsis , seizure disorder, brain abscess , ruptured aneurysm, and neonatal tetanus . (medscape.com)
  • Monomicrobial Klebsiella pneumoniae Necrotizing Fasciitis With Liver Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review. (aliem.com)
  • Infection in the gastrointestinal tract or bacteremia can expose the liver to high bacterial loads because of the liver 's dual blood supply from the portal vein and hepatic artery . (amboss.com)
  • First described by Hippocrates, pyogenic liver abscess is an uncommon but important hepatic infection. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • [ 1 ] In addition, an association of PPI treatment with an increased risk for C. difficile infection, hepatic encephalopathy [ 4 ] and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis have been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Recurrent episodes of cholangitis develop in the absence of extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO) as a result of pyogenic bile duct infection. (medscape.com)
  • The initial insult(s) to the bile ducts precipitates a cycle of biliary stone formation and infection that results in recurrent episodes of pyogenic cholangitis. (medscape.com)
  • Morbidity is related to recurrent biliary infection and may manifest as pancreatobiliary abnormalities, such as pancreatitis, biliary fistulae, hepatic abscesses, and suppurative cholangitis. (medscape.com)
  • A pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a pocket of fluid that forms in the liver as a result of a bacterial infection. (hoag.org)
  • Instead of draining from the infection site, the fluid collects in a pocket inside the liver. (hoag.org)
  • An abscess is an infection that is filled with pus. (ayu.health)
  • Abscesses are usually required to be treated to alleviate pain and prevent the infection from spreading to other parts of the body. (ayu.health)
  • Abscess in the Bartholin's gland may occur due to an infection in the gland or from an infected cyst. (ayu.health)
  • A dental abscess is a type of infection that is usually acute and causes swelling, pain, and a bad taste in the mouth. (ayu.health)
  • However, larger abscesses may require treatment with antibiotics to treat the infection. (ayu.health)
  • It is important not to squeeze, drain, or try to remove a cyst or an abscess yourself, as it may cause an infection or worsen an existing infection. (ayu.health)
  • Occasionally a liver abscess may also occur due to fungal infection. (jsurgarts.com)
  • Brain abscess is a focal intracranial infection that may present as a life-threatening emergency. (medscape.com)
  • Brain abscess may be caused by the contiguous spread of pathogens from a primary focus of infection outside of the CNS that extends into the brain. (medscape.com)
  • Meningitis rarely results in brain abscess by direct extension, particularly in adults, and therefore in most cases the finding of brain abscess should not prompt a search for meningeal infection via lumbar puncture. (medscape.com)
  • Hepatobronchial fistulas are rare entities.Hepatic abscesses can rupture and spread the infection to the thoracic cavity resulting in the formation of the hepatobronchial fistula rarely. (casereports.in)
  • Infection may spread by direct extension from the liver to the right pleural space, lung, or skin, or rarely through the bloodstream to the brain and other organs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species accounted for the vast majority of both mono- and polymicrobial findings in both blood and local abscess cultures. (lu.se)
  • Infectious germ: of which were 38% for E. coli, 19% klebsiella, 12% enterobacter, Liver segmentation: in greater order of frequency 5-6-7 and 8 (right lobe). (una.py)
  • Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a cohort of patients with pyogenic and amoebic liver abscess. (bvsalud.org)
  • Retrospective review of pyogenic (PLA) or amoebic liver abscesses (ALA) diagnosed and treated at a major infectious diseases department in London over 9 years. (bvsalud.org)
  • The two main causes of liver abscess are amoebic and pyogenic liver abscess. (jsurgarts.com)
  • Treatment modalities include the use of drugs such as metronidazole for amoebic liver abscess, as well as needle aspiration and pigtail catheter drainage when required. (jsurgarts.com)
  • Clinical analysis of Amoebic liver abscess. (jsurgarts.com)
  • Makkar RP, Sachdev GK, Malhotra V. Alcohol consumption, hepatic iron load and the risk of amoebic liver abscess: a case-control study. (jsurgarts.com)
  • Powell SJ, Macleod I, Wilmot AL, Elsdon-Dew E. Metronidazole in amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess. (jsurgarts.com)
  • For centuries, brain abscess was thought of as almost certainly fatal. (medscape.com)
  • Meanwhile, the population prevalence of chronic immune suppression and immunocompromise has grown, and with it there has been a rise in opportunistic and fungal brain abscess. (medscape.com)
  • Animal and human modeling of brain abscess has demonstrated a 4-stage process of disease progression. (medscape.com)
  • Although less common, brain abscess has been described as a complication of frontal, ethmoidal, or sphenoidal sinusitis. (medscape.com)
  • however, where adequate healthcare infrastructure is lacking, direct extension continues to comprise approximately 50% of brain abscess collectively. (medscape.com)
  • Hematogenous seeding of the brain from an extracranial source is the second most common etiology of brain abscess, accounting for approximately 25% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Complications include sepsis , pneumonia , and abscess rupture into the peritoneum or thorax. (amboss.com)
  • Affected patients are often plagued by recurrent bouts of cholangitis and commonly suffer from complications such as abscess formation, biliary strictures, pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, and chronic liver disease. (medscape.com)
  • Lee et al retrospectively enrolled 75 patients who had undergone liver transpalantation and found that although MDCT in the late period should be interpreted with caution in patients with suspected biliary complication, MDCT is a reliable diagnostic technique for the identification of early and late abdominal complications after liver transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Percutaneous catheter drainage and aspiration comprised the main treatment initially, and the failure rate with multiple abscesses was higher than that with single abscesses. (nih.gov)
  • Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics and percutaneous or surgical drainage of the abscess cavity are the mainstays of treatment. (amboss.com)
  • Rajak CL, Gupta S, Jain S, Chawla Y, Gulati M, Suri S. Percutaneous treatment of liver abscesses: needle aspiration versus catheter drainage. (jsurgarts.com)
  • Percutaneous drainage of the abscess was done under ultrasound guidance and the patient was put-on broad-spectrum antibiotics with coverage for anaerobes with covid-19 treatment as per latest protocols of MoHFW. (casereports.in)
  • Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is characterized primarily by hepatolithiasis within the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. (medscape.com)
  • Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis is a chronic progressive disease that is frequently accompanied by cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). (medscape.com)
  • Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, although rare, can present acutely with symptoms in keeping with ascending AC. (medscape.com)
  • 102*F), and cholangitis may be more severe with shaking chills (rigors), and cholangitis due to obstruction of the common bile duct could be complicated by hepatic abscess. (medscape.com)
  • Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) is characterized by a recurrent syndrome of bacterial cholangitis that occurs in association with intrahepatic pigment stones and intrahepatic biliary obstruction. (medscape.com)
  • Repeated portal bacteremia, in turn, results in the cascade of events characterized by biliary stasis, obstruction, and stone formation, which consequently result as recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC). (medscape.com)
  • The underlying mechanism of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) is unclear. (medscape.com)
  • Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) is rare. (medscape.com)
  • Acute cholangitis -- 8 Pyogenic liver abscess -- 9. (nshealth.ca)
  • Partial hepatectomy produced a low mortality rate for both single and multiple abscesses and should be considered in the presence of severe hepatic destruction by an abscess or a stone. (nih.gov)
  • Aim To analyse the effect of PPI treatment on mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses. (medscape.com)
  • Conclusions PPI treatment is associated with higher index mortality in patients with pyogenic liver abscess. (medscape.com)
  • [ 13 , 14 ] Since many patients who are hospitalised for pyogenic liver abscess have ongoing PPI treatment and since previous studies have shown an increased mortality in patients with ongoing PPI treatment in infectious diseases, [ 5 ] we set out to analyse the prognostic effect of PPI treatment in patients with newly diagnosed pyogenic liver abscess. (medscape.com)
  • We describe the clinical features of a cohort of patients with liver abscesses and investigate relationships between clinical, radiological and microbiological findings and mortality . (bvsalud.org)
  • Abdominal pain was more frequent with the single abscess than with multiple abscesses, and jaundice was more frequent with multiple abscesses. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with E coli intra-abdominal abscesses generally present as an abscess that is a combination of other enteric organisms to include potential anaerobic bacteria. (medscape.com)
  • A pyogenic liver abscess is a type of liver abscess caused by bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • A number of common bacteria may cause liver abscesses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The relative infrequency of abscess formation, despite the extensive exposure of the liver to bacteria from its dual blood supply, is related to the efficiency of the Kupffer cells in filtering bacteria. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • From here, bacteria can reach other organs in the dog's body like the heart, liver, and kidneys. (petside.com)
  • Despite antimicrobial therapy, pathogens could be found in local abscess cultures several weeks into treatment. (lu.se)
  • With increasingly effective diagnostic tools and treatment modalities available, the prognosis of patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) has improved. (springeropen.com)
  • Surgical intervention should be considered for multiple abscesses because of the underlying disease. (nih.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, and estimates suggest a gradual increase in the incidence during the last decades. (lu.se)
  • Hepatic abscess is defined as suppuration caused by the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms capable of developing liver parenchymal disease. (una.py)
  • [ 3 ] . An increasing number of orthotopic and living-donor liver transplantations are being performed to salvage patients with otherwise incurable end-stage liver disease (ESLD). (medscape.com)
  • Gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess is a rare but life-threatening disease. (aliem.com)
  • He denied known history of liver disease. (ddxof.com)
  • Walker V. Severe hyperammonaemia in adults not explained by liver disease. (ddxof.com)
  • Freij BJ, Robinson-Dunn BE, Schlievert PM. Detection of enterotoxin gene cluster in Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from neonatal liver abscess. (beaumont.org)
  • Rupture of gas-forming pyogenic liver abscess complicated by necrotizing fasciitis . (aliem.com)
  • 7 d were likely to undergo aspiration of the liver abscess, regardless of etiology. (aku.edu)
  • Single and multiple pyogenic liver abscesses: clinical course, etiology and results of treatment, World J Surg 1997;21(4)384-8. (jsurgarts.com)
  • An abscess is usually accompanied by swelling and inflammation in the surrounding area, and can cause pain and swelling in the abdomen. (hoag.org)
  • Investigations such as ultrasound of the abdomen and CT scan of the abdomen are extremely useful in diagnosing a case of liver abscess. (jsurgarts.com)
  • We present a case of a 22-year-old male, SARS CoV-2 positive patient with liver abscess diagnosed on ultrasonography and clinical symptoms complicated by hepatobronchial fistula confirmed on the CT imaging of thorax and the abdomen. (casereports.in)
  • Ultrasound abdomen was suggestive of an ill-defined heteroechoic lesion in the right lobe of the liver of approximately 1.5×1 cm with no free fluid in peritoneum. (casereports.in)
  • Suspecting pleuro-pulmonary complication of hepatic abscess, computed tomography imaging of chest with abdomen was done. (casereports.in)
  • A recovery case of acute-onset autoimmune hepatitis presenting as fulminant hepatic failure [corrected], who received living donor-liver transplantation. (fmu.ac.jp)
  • Clinical presentation and imaging features are non-specific and can mimick the most frequent primary liver tumors. (koreamed.org)
  • Transjugular portography demonstrates extensive portal vein thrombus in the whole-liver allograft of a 40-year-old woman whose clinical condition rapidly deteriorated on postoperative day 39. (medscape.com)
  • Tiwari D, Jatav OP, Jain M, Kumar S. Study of clinical and etiopathological profile of liver abscess. (jsurgarts.com)
  • The patient was continued on antibiotics regime for 4 weeks and followed up with serial CT scans to ensure resolution of abscess and fistula. (casereports.in)
  • The decline in incidence has been credited to the improved economic situation and living standards with the associated westernization of diet. (medscape.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Autologous portal vein Y-graft (PYG) interposition has been the standard procedure for reconstruction of double portal vein (PV) orifices of right liver grafts during living donor liver transplantations. (koreamed.org)
  • Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed an approximately 30-mm low-density area and an air density in segment 8 of the liver (Fig. 1 ). (springeropen.com)
  • SAG pyogenic pericarditis is an infrequent but severe and fatal condition. (japsonline.com)
  • Inflammatory changes in the right lower quadrant concerning for ruptured appendicitis with approximately 9 cm abscess. (illnesshacker.com)
  • Gas in the liver likely representing portal venous gas which can be seen in the setting of appendicitis vs less likely secondary to bowel ischemia. (illnesshacker.com)
  • In 2018, 8,250 patients received a liver transplant and 12,975 patients were on the waiting list for a liver transplant. (medscape.com)
  • Methods Between January 2005 and March 2017, one hundred and eighty-one patients with pyogenic liver abscess were retrospectively included in this analysis. (medscape.com)
  • Predictive factors for aspiration of liver abscess were: age ≥ 55 years, size of abscess ≥ 5 cm, involvement of both lobes of the liver and duration of symptoms ≥ 7 d. (aku.edu)
  • A total of 483 patients with pyogenic liver abscess during the years 1986 to June 1995 were studied at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Kaohsiung: 343 were a single abscess and 140 were multiple abscesses. (nih.gov)
  • Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients with liver abscess from 1995 to 2004 was performed. (aku.edu)
  • Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine predictive factors for aspiration of liver abscess. (aku.edu)
  • Pyogenic liver abscess is a pus-filled pocket of fluid within the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Trophozoites can spread via the portal circulation and cause necrotic liver abscesses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Eye aspirate from patient 4, cerebrospinal fluid from patient 9, and lung abscess from patient 23. (cdc.gov)
  • CT scanning is especially useful in depicting fluid collections and is most commonly used to guide percutaneous aspirations and abscess drainages. (medscape.com)
  • They are defined as abnormal communication of a sector of liver parenchyma with a sector of the bronchial tree through a diaphragmatic pathway. (casereports.in)
  • Treatment usually consists of placing a tube through the skin into the liver to drain the abscess. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Results One hundred patients with pyogenic liver abscess (55.2%) were treated with PPI compared to 81 patients (44.8%) without PPI treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, critical evaluation of the indication for PPI treatment is particularly important in patients at high risk for pyogenic liver abscess. (medscape.com)
  • [ 11 , 12 ] Recently, two population-based case-control studies demonstrated a strong association of PPI treatment with the development of pyogenic liver abscesses. (medscape.com)
  • The object of this open-label, randomized, comparative study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fleroxacin versus conventional therapy (cefazolin plus gentamicin/cephalexin) in the treatment of patients with bacterial liver abscess. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Oral fleroxacin once-daily administration is an effective, alternative treatment of bacterial liver abscess. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • PURPOSE: Major liver resection and radical lymph node dissection has been accepted as a definite treatment of choice for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC). (koreamed.org)
  • Small abscesses on the skin may drain, shrink or dry up on their own without needing medical attention. (ayu.health)
  • Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) complicated by inferior vena caval (IVC) thrombosis is rare but life-threatening. (springeropen.com)
  • Replacement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) after concurrent resection of hepatoblastoma-containing liver and retrohepatic IVC is regarded as a feasible option for pediatric living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). (koreamed.org)