Loiasis
Loa
Eye Infections, Parasitic
Microfilaria
Ivermectin
Gabon
Onchocerciasis
Onchocerca
Cameroon
Diethylcarbamazine
Increased frequency of Th2-type cytokine-producing T cells in microfilaremic loiasis. (1/56)
The frequency of cytokine-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed in 28 subjects with microfilaremic loiasis and in 14 amicrofilaremic individuals. In addition, a subgroup of seven microfilaremic individuals coinfected with Plasmodium malariae was evaluated. By using flow cytometry for the intracellular detection of cytokines, a more pronounced T helper (Th)2 cell-type response with the expansion of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-13 expressing CD4+ cells in the microfilaremic compared with the amicrofilaremic group was noted. Expression of IL-5 was equivalent in both groups as was the frequency of Th2-type cytokines expressing CD8+ cells and of Th1-type cytokines (interferon [IFN]-gamma, IL-2, IFN-gamma/IL-2) producing CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Th0-type cytokine-expressing cells, represented by IL-4/IFN-gamma, IL-10/IFN-gamma, and IL-13/IFN-gamma, were equally distributed within groups. Coinfection of P. malariae did not significantly alter the cytokine expression compared with microfilaremic individuals without P. malariae infections. By identifying a large panel of cytokine-producing T cell subpopulations, a Th2-driven immune response in microfilaremic Loa loa patients was noted. (+info)Genetic epidemiology of host predisposition microfilaraemia in human loiasis. (2/56)
Evidence is accumulating from experimental and human studies that genetic factors are involved both in the control of infectious diseases and in the regulation of infection levels and clinical presentation. So far few studies have investigated the role of these genetic factors in human infection by the filarial parasite Loa loa. We present a segregation analysis on 74 nuclear families who live in the tropical rainforest of southern Cameroun and are exposed to homogeneous loiasis transmission. The results indicate that there is a genetic predisposition to be microfilaraemic and that predisposed subjects might be genetically unable to mount an efficient immune response against loiasis antigens. This individual susceptibility could explain at least in part why the prevalence of infection (microfilaraemic individuals) does not usually exceed 30% of the exposed population in hyperendemic regions. Further genetic studies, based on linkage analysis using both familial information and genetic markers, will help to identify the nature of the genetic factors predisposing to microfilaraemia. (+info)Albendazole therapy for loiasis refractory to diethylcarbamazine treatment. (3/56)
Although diethylcarbamazine is curative in approximately 60% of patients who acquire loiasis as long-term visitors to an endemic area, some individuals continue to have signs and symptoms of infection despite multiple courses of diethylcarbamazine. On the basis of a study of albendazole treatment of loiasis in microfilaremic patients that suggested a macrofilaricidal effect of the drug, we treated three patients who had symptomatic loiasis refractory to more than four courses of diethylcarbamazine with albendazole. At the time of treatment, all patients had persistent symptoms despite decreasing titers of antifilarial antibodies and normal eosinophil counts. Symptoms resolved in all three patients following albendazole therapy. In one patient, nonspecific symptoms recurred 2 years later, but unlike her symptoms before albendazole therapy, they were not accompanied by the appearance of subcutaneous nodules containing adult worms. The other two patients have been symptom-free in the 8 years after albendazole treatment. In summary, albendazole may be useful for the treatment of loiasis when diethylcarbamazine is ineffective or cannot be used. (+info)Use of polymerase chain reaction for accurate follow-up of Loa loa experimental infection in Mandrillus sphinx. (4/56)
Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) experimentally infected with human Loa loa usually remain microfilaremic for a long period of time. Nevertheless some control their microfilaremia while still harboring adults worms, and therefore become occult-infected. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, targeted on the repeat 3 region of the gene coding for the L. loa 15-kD protein (15r3-PCR), has been evaluated in mandrills infected with third-stage larvae (L3) of L. loa. The results of this assay were negative during the prepatency period (4 months after inoculation), but became positive when microfilariae appeared in the blood, and remained positive in all mandrills, even in those that became amicrofilaremic. These results show that the positivity of the 15r3-PCR assay is linked to the appearance of microfilariae in peripheral blood and demonstrated that L. loa-specific DNA can be detected in blood from occult-infected mandrills. (+info)Transmission intensity affects both antigen-specific and nonspecific T-cell proliferative responses in Loa loa infection. (5/56)
T-cell proliferative responses were studied in two villages in Gabon with different levels of Loa loa transmission. The first village (Okoumbi) had an annual transmission potential (ATP) of approximately 9,000 infective larvae (L3)/person/year (high transmission village), while the second village (Ndjokaye) had an ATP of approximately 1,000 L3/person/year (low transmission village). Proliferation and cytokine assays were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals aged 18 years and over using either mitogens (concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin), antigens (purified protein derivative [PPD], irrelevant antigen), or soluble extracts of L3, microfilariae, or adult L. loa. PBMC from individuals in the low transmission village responded better to stimulation with adult antigen and to PPD than did PBMC from individuals in the high transmission village (P = 0.0031 and P = 0.0012, respectively). These data suggest that high levels of transmission of L. loa depress both specific and nonspecific T-cell proliferative responses in infected humans. (+info)Chrysops silacea biting densities and transmission potential in an endemic area of human loiasis in south-west Cameroon. (6/56)
We studied the biting densities of Chrysops silacea and the transmission of loiasis over 1 year in a regenerated forest in the south-west province of Cameroon. A total of 3015 flies caught near a wood fire at ground level during rainy and dry seasons were identified morphologically and 1975 caught during the rainy season were dissected to determine their physiological age and infection rate. The prevalence of microfilaraemia in the human population in the study area was determined using the thick blood smear method. Chrysops silacea was the only species caught. The daily and seasonal biting cycle of C. silacea showed two peaks of activities, 9-11 a.m. and 2-4 p.m. The biting cycles of parous and nulliparous flies showed the same trends, but the density of nulliparous flies biting at all time of the day was 2-3 times higher. Chrysops silacea biting density was high during the rainy season (9.06 +/- 6.88 flies/man/h) and lowest during the dry season (0.44 +/- 0.75 flies/man/h). An infection rate of 1.72% and a monthly morning and afternoon transmission potentials of 120769.11 and 139016.64 infective head L3/man were observed, respectively, in the rainy season. Even though few Chrysops carried Loa loa infective larvae (0.7%), their parasite load was high, giving a high level of transmission of L. loa in the area. A total of 20.37% of the people examined for blood microfilariae were positive. These results suggest that the study area is an active focus of loiasis transmission. (+info)Expression of filarial-specific IgG subclasses under different transmission intensities in a region endemic for loiasis. (7/56)
Specific IgG subclasses were investigated in two villages (Okoumbi and Ndjokaye) in southeast Gabon with different Loa loa transmission intensities of approximately 9,000 and 1,300 infective larvae (L3) per person per year, respectively. IgG subclasses were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using extracts of L. loa L3, microfilariae (MF), or adult worms. Levels of L3-specific IgG3 were significantly higher in the village with low transmission (Ndjokaye) (P = 0.006). In contrast, MF-specific IgG2 was significantly higher in Okoumbi than in Ndjokaye (P = 0.0009). In the high-transmission village (Okoumbi), levels of both MF- and adult-specific IgG4 were significantly increased in MF carriers compared with amicrofilaremic subjects (P = 0.0015 and P = 0.003, respectively), while levels of L3- and MF-specific IgG1 were significantly higher in amicrofilaremic individuals compared with MF carriers (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). Furthermore, among microfilaremic individuals, the level of the specific IgG1 subclass was much lower in Okoumbi than in Ndjokaye (P = 0.036). These results suggest that the expression of antigen-specific IgG3 and IgG2 is more likely to vary with transmission intensity, whereas antigen-specific IgG4 and IgG1 varies with adult worm and MF burden. (+info)Rapid assessment method for prevalence and intensity of Loa loa infection. (8/56)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of observations on eye worm and Calabar swellings for the rapid assessment of the prevalence and intensity of loiasis at the community level. METHOD: A total of 12895 individuals over the age of 15 years living in 102 communities in Cameroon and Nigeria took part in the study. A standardized questionnaire was administered to participants from whom finger-prick blood samples were collected and examined for Loa loa microfilariae. Rapid assessments of the prevalence and intensity of loiasis were made on the basis of a history of eye worm or Calabar swellings. FINDINGS: There was a strong correlation between the indices of the rapid assessment procedures and the parasitological indices of L. loa endemicity. The rapid assessment indices were effective in diagnosing high-risk communities (sensitivity 94-100%; specificity 66-92%). The highest sensitivity (100%) and specificity (92%) were obtained with a rapid assessment procedure based on a history of eye worm lasting 1-7 days together with confirmation by the guided recognition of a photograph of adult L. loa in the eye. CONCLUSION: Rapid assessment of the prevalence and intensity of loiasis at the community level can be achieved using a procedure based on the history of eye worm lasting 1-7 days together with confirmation by the guided recognition of a photograph of an adult L. loa in the eye. (+info)Loiasis is a tropical parasitic infection caused by the filarial nematode worm, Loa loa. It is also known as "African eye worm" due to the migration of the adult worm through the subconjunctival tissues of the eye, which is a common symptom. The infection is transmitted through the bite of deerfly or mango fly (Chrysops spp.).
After transmission, the larval form of the parasite migrates through the soft tissues and matures into an adult worm that lives in the subcutaneous tissue. Adult worms can be up to 7 cm long and may cause localized itching or a transient subconjunctival migration, which is painless but alarming to the patient.
Loiasis is usually asymptomatic, but severe symptoms such as Calabar swellings (recurrent angioedema), arthralgia, pruritus, and cardiac or respiratory complications can occur in heavy infections. Diagnosis is made by detecting microfilariae or adult worms in the blood, skin snips, or eye fluid. Treatment typically involves diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) therapy, but ivermectin and albendazole can also be used. Preventive measures include avoiding fly bites through the use of protective clothing, insect repellents, and bed nets.
"Loa" is a term used in tropical medicine, specifically in the context of parasitic diseases. It refers to a type of filarial worm that can infect humans and cause a disease known as loiasis (also called "loa loa" or "African eye worm"). The Loa loa parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of deerfly or mango fly, which acts as a vector.
The adult Loa loa worms typically reside in the subcutaneous tissue of the human host, where they can cause various symptoms such as localized itching, skin rashes, and arthralgias (joint pain). The parasite is also known to migrate through various tissues, including the eye, which can result in the appearance of a visible, moving worm under the conjunctiva. This is how loiasis earned its colloquial name "African eye worm."
Loiasis is primarily found in the rainforest regions of West and Central Africa. While not typically life-threatening on its own, loiasis can complicate the treatment of other filarial diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), due to potential adverse reactions to the medications used to treat these conditions.
Parasitic eye infections are conditions characterized by the invasion and infestation of the eye or its surrounding structures by parasites. These can be protozoans, helminths, or ectoparasites. Examples of such infections include Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is caused by a free-living amoeba found in water and soil; Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii; Loiasis, which is caused by the parasitic filarial worm Loa loa; and Demodicosis, which is caused by the mite Demodex folliculorum. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of parasite but often include redness, pain, discharge, and vision changes. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications and sometimes surgery to remove the parasites or damaged tissue. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil.
Filaricides are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by filarial worms, which are parasitic roundworms that can infect humans and animals. These medications work by killing or inhibiting the development of the larval stages of the worms, thereby helping to eliminate the infection and prevent further transmission.
Filaricides are often used to treat diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), and loiasis (African eye worm). Examples of filaricides include ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole. It is important to note that these medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have serious side effects if not used properly.
Microfilaria is the larval form of certain parasitic roundworms (nematodes) belonging to the family Onchocercidae. These worms include species that cause filariasis, which are diseases transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes or blackflies. The microfilariae are found in the blood or tissue fluids of the host and can measure from 200 to 300 microns in length. They have a distinct sheath and a characteristic tail taper, which helps in their identification under a microscope. Different filarial species have specific microfilariae characteristics, such as size, shape, and lifestyle patterns (nocturnal or diurnal periodicity). The presence of microfilariae in the host's blood or tissue fluids is indicative of an ongoing infection with the respective filarial parasite.
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic drug that is used to treat a variety of infections caused by parasites such as roundworms, threadworms, and lice. It works by paralyzing and killing the parasites, thereby eliminating the infection. Ivermectin is available in various forms, including tablets, creams, and solutions for topical use, as well as injections for veterinary use.
Ivermectin has been shown to be effective against a wide range of parasitic infections, including onchocerciasis (river blindness), strongyloidiasis, scabies, and lice infestations. It is also being studied as a potential treatment for other conditions, such as COVID-19, although its effectiveness for this use has not been proven.
Ivermectin is generally considered safe when used as directed, but it can cause side effects in some people, including skin rashes, nausea, and diarrhea. It should be used with caution in pregnant women and people with certain medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disease.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Gabon" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in Central Africa, known officially as the Gabonese Republic. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those!
Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. The infection is primarily transmitted through the bites of infected blackflies (Simulium spp.) that breed in fast-flowing rivers and streams. The larvae of the worms mature into adults in nodules under the skin, where females release microfilariae that migrate throughout the body, including the eyes.
Symptoms include severe itching, dermatitis, depigmentation, thickening and scarring of the skin, visual impairment, and blindness. The disease is also known as river blindness due to its association with riverside communities where blackflies breed. Onchocerciasis can lead to significant social and economic consequences for affected individuals and communities. Preventive chemotherapy using mass drug administration of ivermectin is the primary strategy for controlling onchocerciasis in endemic areas.
Onchocerca is a genus of filarial nematode worms that are the causative agents of onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness. The most common species to infect humans is Onchocerca volvulus. These parasites are transmitted through the bite of infected blackflies (Simulium spp.) that breed in fast-flowing rivers and streams.
The adult female worms live in nodules beneath the skin, while the microfilariae, which are released by the females, migrate throughout various tissues, including the eyes, where they can cause inflammation and scarring, potentially leading to blindness if left untreated. The infection is primarily found in Africa, with some foci in Central and South America. Onchocerciasis is considered a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization (WHO).
I'm not aware of any medical condition or term that is specifically associated with or referred to as "Cameroon." Cameroon is a country located in Central Africa, known for its rich biodiversity and cultural diversity. If you have more context about why you are looking for a medical definition of "Cameroon," I may be able to provide a more helpful response.
Diethylcarbamazine (DECT or DEC) is an anti-parasitic medication used to treat infections caused by roundworms, including lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) and river blindness (onchocerciasis). It works by killing the parasitic worms, thus helping to prevent the progression of these diseases.
Diethylcarbamazine is typically available as a prescription oral medication in the form of tablets or capsules. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the type and severity of the infection being treated. It's important to note that DEC should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it may have side effects and potential drug interactions.
Medical Citation:
"Diethylcarbamazine." National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Database. U.S. National Library of Medicine. . Accessed on April 18, 2023.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is a country located in Central Africa. It is named after the Congo River, which flows through the country. The DRC is the second-largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh-largest in the world. It is home to a diverse population of more than 80 million people, making it one of the most populous countries on the continent.
The DRC is a democratic republic, which means that it is a form of government in which the people have the power to choose their leaders through free and fair elections. The country has a presidential system of government, in which the president serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The current president of the DRC is Félix Tshisekedi, who took office in January 2019.
The DRC is a federal republic, meaning that it is divided into several provinces, each with its own elected government. The country has a total of 26 provinces, which are further divided into districts and sectors.
The DRC is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, and the Southern African Development Community. It is also a party to several international treaties and agreements, such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Paris Agreement on climate change.
The DRC has a mixed economy, with both private and public sectors playing important roles. The country is rich in natural resources, including minerals such as copper, diamonds, gold, and tin. It also has large areas of fertile land that are suitable for agriculture. However, the DRC faces significant challenges, including poverty, corruption, and conflict. Despite these challenges, the country has made progress in recent years in terms of economic growth and development.
Loa loa filariasis
Loa loa
Tabanidae
Eosinophilia
Diethylcarbamazine
Onchocercidae
List of short species names
Mansonella perstans
Eye disease
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
Ikechukwu Dozie
List of diseases (L)
List of MeSH codes (C03)
CDC - Loiasis
Loiasis (African Eye Worm) Medication: Anthelmintics
Browsing African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) by Subject "Loiasis"
Loiasis - PubMed
Table - Efficacy of High-Dose Albendazole with Ivermectin for Treating Imported Loiasis, Italy - Volume 25, Number 8-August...
Loiasis - Infections - MSD Manual Consumer Version
Albendazole in human loiasis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - PubMed
loiasis - NIH Director's Blog
Loiasis | ESPEN
Efficacy of High-Dose Albendazole with Ivermectin for Treating Imported Loiasis, Italy - Volume 25, Number 8-August 2019 -...
Loa loa filariasis - Wikipedia
Imported Infections With Mansonella perstans Nematodes, Italy
Stromectol (ivermectin) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Elimination of parasitic infections
Thieme E-Books & E-Journals - Flugmedizin · Tropenmedizin · Reisemedizin - FTR / Issue
Trichinosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
International Centers for Excellence in Research | NIAID: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
Search
Encephalopathy after Ivermectin Treatment in a Patient Infected with Loa Loa and Plasmodium spp. in: The American Journal of...
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Mansonellosis - Infectious Diseases - Merck Manuals Professional Edition
Best Practice No 174 | Journal of Clinical Pathology
Recommendations of the ITFDE
Thieme E-Books & E-Journals - DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift / Issue
LASER - London Applied and Spatial Epidemiology Research Group | LSHTM
Specific PHGKB|Rare Diseases PHGKB|PHGKB
The 2021 NTD Innovation Prize - The Borgen Project
Fugitive swelling
Filariasis6
- Additionally, any patient in whom therapy for lymphatic filariasis or onchocerciasis is anticipated who comes from a region of Africa co-endemic for loiasis should be screened for infection prior to initiating treatment because of the risk of fatal encephalopathy after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin. (cdc.gov)
- Impact of repeated annual community directed treatment with ivermectin on loiasis parasitological indicators in Cameroon: Implications for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis elimination in areas co-endemic with Loa loa in Africa. (lstmed.ac.uk)
- A filariasis such as loiasis most often consists of asymptomatic microfilaremia. (wikipedia.org)
- Loiasis is a typically-mild filarial worm disease, but individuals with heavy loiasis infections are at risk of severe adverse events when treated with drugs used for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. (growkudos.com)
- Background Community presence of loiasis must be determined before mass drug administration programmes for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis can be implemented. (smith.edu)
- Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) is a medication used in the treatment of filariasis including lymphatic filariasis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, and loiasis. (nacchemical.com)
Endemic6
- In total, 870 participants from 10 communities on the fringe of a meso-endemic loiasis area of Osun State were selected. (lancs.ac.uk)
- To identify co-endemic areas for onchocerciasis or LF and loiasis, where individuals may be at risk of SAEs if standard MDA regimens were followed, a rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA) was implemented throughout potentially suitable countries. (who.int)
- Loiasis is a filarial infection endemic in the rainforest zone of west and central Africa particularly in Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and Democratic Republic of the Congo. (lstmed.ac.uk)
- In areas where onchocerciasis and loiasis are co-endemic, CDTI reduces the number of, and microfilaraemia in L. loa-infected individuals, and this, in turn, will help to prevent non-neurological and neurological complications post-ivermectin treatment among CDTI adherents. (lstmed.ac.uk)
- We conclude that the elevated level of filarial-specific IgG4 is therefore not dependent upon the presence of circulating microfilariae and that serology using homologous L. loa low molecular weight antigens, can facilitate specific diagnosis of occult loiasis in an endemic area with mixed filarial infections. (gla.ac.uk)
- Loiasis, caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa, is endemic in Central and West Africa. (isciii.es)
Ivermectin3
- However, in some regions the co-endemicity of the filarial parasite Loa loa (loiasis) is an impediment due to the risk of severe adverse events (SAEs) associated with the drug ivermectin. (lancs.ac.uk)
- Ivermectin treatment history was correlated with loiasis prevalence/intensity. (lstmed.ac.uk)
- In the East, loiasis prevalence was 29.3% (range = 24.2%-34.6%) in the non-CDTI district but 16.0% (3.3%-26.6%) in the CDTI district with 10 ivermectin rounds (there were no baseline data for the latter). (lstmed.ac.uk)
Prevention of Loiasis1
- It may also be used for prevention of loiasis in those at high risk. (nacchemical.com)
Infection9
- [ 1 ] It is estimated that more than 10 million people have loiasis, with over 14 million people at risk for infection. (medscape.com)
- Loiasis, or African eye worm, is caused by infection with the filarial parasite Loa loa . (who.int)
- Loiasis is infection of tissues under the skin or under the clear outer membrane that covers the eye (conjunctiva) with the roundworm Loa loa . (msdmanuals.com)
- Loiasis is a filarial worm infection that occurs only in rain forest areas of western and central Africa. (msdmanuals.com)
- Doctors suspect loiasis in people who have typical symptoms if they have traveled to or emigrated from areas in western and central Africa where the infection occurs. (msdmanuals.com)
- A related fly, Chrysops langi, has been isolated as a vector of simian loiasis, but this variant hunts within the forest and has not as yet been associated with human infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Both groups were compared to Africans not exposed to loiasis infection and to Europeans. (gla.ac.uk)
- Once detected, infection with Loa loa (loiasis) can be treated with the drug diethylcarbamazine, which kills the immature microfilaria in the bloodstream, and/or surgical removal of adult worms from the eye. (broadinstitute.org)
- loiasis a parasitic infection caused by the nematode loa loa . (biologyonline.com)
Diethylcarbamazine2
- The drug of choice for the treatment of loiasis is diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Most patients will achieve cure, defined as resolution of symptoms, resolution of eosinophilia, and decreasing antifilarial antibody titers, with one or two courses of DEC. Some will require additional courses of DEC or a trial of albendazole. (cdc.gov)
- Treatment with diethylcarbamazine and praziquantel was given for loiasis and schistosomiasis respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
Infections3
- Most L loa infections are asymptomatic, although some progress to loiasis, which is characterized by localized painful subcutaneous joints (calabar swellings) and the migration of adult worms through the subconjuctiva of the eye. (medscape.com)
- To better understand factors influencing LF elimination in loiasis areas, this study conducted a cross-sectional survey on the prevalence and co-distribution of the two infections, and the potential demographic, landscape, human movement, and intervention-related risk factors at a micro-level in the South West zone of Nigeria. (lancs.ac.uk)
- Diagnosing multiple parasitic infections: trypanosomiasis, loiasis and schistosomiasis in a single case. (ox.ac.uk)
Parasites2
- We tested the samples for parasites that cause loiasis, and concurrently screened for the parasites that cause malaria, LF and mansonellosis to determine the potential for integrated disease surveillance. (growkudos.com)
- CONCLUSIONS Systematic review of the literature suggests that apheresis may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of patients hospitalised for babesiosis, and prior to chemotherapy in loiasis with microfilarial count >8000 parasites/mL. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
Prevalence2
- Satellite imagery showed denser forested areas in higher loiasis prevalence communities, and where low or no ICT positivity was found. (lancs.ac.uk)
- In Cameroon, the prevalence of loiasis varies from one geographical area to another. (ej-biomed.org)
River blindness1
- Other insect-borne diseases include dengue, African sleeping sickness, Marburg virus, loiasis and river blindness. (smartraveller.gov.au)
Diseases2
- Loiasis belongs to the so-called neglected diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- The findings suggest mosquito screening may provide a useful tool for the surveillance of loiasis alongside other parasitic diseases. (growkudos.com)
Africa1
- Loiasis remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) such as Cameroon. (ej-biomed.org)
Diagnosis2
Transmission3
- To explore the potential of mosquito screening as a non-invasive tool for loiasis surveillance, we collected mosquitoes in a known loiasis transmission area in Cameroon. (growkudos.com)
- As these drugs are typically administered to entire populations in at-risk areas, the absence of loiasis transmission must be confirmed prior to distribution. (growkudos.com)
- Methods We collected 770 wild mosquitoes during a pilot study in a known loiasis transmission area in Mbalmayo, Cameroon. (smith.edu)
Human blood samples1
- However, taking human blood samples for loiasis surveillance is invasive and operationally challenging. (smith.edu)
Microfilariae1
- Doctors diagnose loiasis when they identify microfilariae in a sample of blood examined under a microscope. (msdmanuals.com)
Patients1
- METHODS MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched to identify studies published between January 1969 and March 2018 involving patients treated using apheresis for severe falciparum malaria, loiasis or babesiosis. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
Surveillance3
- Accurate loiasis surveillance is therefore critical to the safe implementation of these programmes. (growkudos.com)
- However, current tools for loiasis surveillance are very limited. (growkudos.com)
- Finding Loa loa parasite DNA in a relatively small sample of mosquitoes in this pilot study was very interesting, as it highlights the potential sensitivity of this method for loiasis surveillance, although further research is needed in this area to validate the findings. (growkudos.com)
Severe1
- OBJECTIVES Apheresis has been used as adjunctive treatment of severe falciparum malaria, loiasis and babesiosis. (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
Symptoms2
- [ 8 ] The migration of adult L loa worms through subcutaneous host tissue provokes the host's immune response to this migration, causing many of the characteristic symptoms of loiasis, such as urticaria, pruritus, and calabar swelling (painful swelling in the joints). (medscape.com)
- Most people with loiasis have no symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
Disease1
- The treatment of loiasis is complex and is best undertaken after consultation with experts who have experience in the treatment of the disease and prevention of complications of treatment. (cdc.gov)
Mosquitoes1
- A xenosurveillance approach based on the molecular screening of mosquitoes and their excreta/feces (E/F) for Loa loa DNA may provide a non-invasive method for detecting the community presence of loiasis. (smith.edu)
African3
- Loiasis is commonly known as "African eye worm," since the adult form of the parasite can sometimes be found migrating across the conjunctiva of the eye. (medscape.com)
- Loiasis is transmitted when an infected African deer fly or horse fly bites a person and deposits larvae of the worm. (msdmanuals.com)
- A case is reported of a 32-year-old traveller with loiasis, schistosomiasis and African trypanosomiasis. (ox.ac.uk)
Characteristics1
- Mapping LF-loiasis distributions against landscape characteristics helped to highlight the micro-heterogeneity, identify potential SAE hotspots, and determine the safest and most appropriate treatment strategy. (lancs.ac.uk)
Malaria1
- RESULTS A total of 67 publications met the inclusion criteria and were included in the data synthesis, 36 for malaria (70 cases), 17 for babesiosis (22 cases) and 14 for loiasis (34 cases). (transfusionevidencelibrary.com)
Area1
- Is the Subject Area "Loiasis" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Risk1
- GPS tracking of loiasis positive cases and controls also highlighted denser forested areas within higher loiasis risk communities and the sparser land cover in lower-risk communities. (lancs.ac.uk)
Study1
- We, therefore, designed this cross sectional study to explore the effects of several rounds of CDTI on parasitological indicators of loiasis. (lstmed.ac.uk)
Skin1
- Occasionally, doctors diagnose loiasis when they see worms traveling under the conjunctiva of the eye or when they identify worms removed from the eye or skin. (msdmanuals.com)
People1
- It is estimated that 3-13 million people have loiasis. (medscape.com)
External1
- Boussinesq M. Loiasis external. (ej-biomed.org)