Lymphography
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Lymph Node Excision
Haiti
Compression Bandages
Non-Filarial Lymphedema
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
Upper Extremity
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C
Lymphangitis
Elephantiasis
Erysipelas
Binomial Distribution
Return of lymphatic function after flap transfer for acute lymphedema. (1/456)
OBJECTIVE: The goals of this work were to develop animal models of lymphedema and tissue flap transfer, and to observe physiologic changes in lymphatic function that occur in these models over time, both systemically with lymphoscintigraphy (LS) and locally using fluorescence microlymphangiography (FM). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although lymphedema has been managed by a combination of medical and surgical approaches, no effective long-term cure exists. Surgical attempts aimed at reconnecting impaired lymphatic channels or bypassing obstructed areas have failed. METHODS: The tails of rats (A groups) and mice (B groups) were used because of their different features. Lymphedema was created by ligation of the lymphatics at the tail base and quantified by diameter measurements there. In the experimental group, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was transferred across the ligation. In addition to the ligation (A1 and B1) and ligation + flap (A2 and B2) groups, three control groups were included: sham flap with ligation (B4), sham flap alone (B5), and normal (A3 and B3) animals. Observations were made at weekly time points for lymphatic function and continuity. RESULTS: Lymphedema was successfully created in the mouse ligation groups (B1 and B4) and sustained for the entire length of observation (up to 14 weeks). Lymphatic continuity was restored in those animals with transferred flaps across the ligation site (A2 and B2), as seen both by LS and FM. Sham flaps did not visibly affect lymphatic function nor did they cause any visible swelling in the tail. CONCLUSIONS: Acute lymphedema developing after ligation of tail lymphatics in mice can be prevented by myocutaneous flap transfer. Restored lymphatic continuity and function were demonstrable using lymphoscintigraphy and fluorescence microlymphangiography. (+info)The action of the benzopyrones on an experimental model of lymphoedema: a contribution to their mode of action. (2/456)
A number of preparations containing benzopyrones are used clinically as a therapy for lymphoedema; however, their exact mode of action is not well known. This work presents evidence which indicates that, as in the treatment of thermally induced oedemas, the benzopyrones work by enhancing the lysis of the accumulated proteins. This is evidenced by reduced levels of total protein in the extracellular compartment of the skin, while peptides and amino acids were increased in the serum at 6 and 12 h respectively after the drug's administration. Failure to observe very marked increases in peptides and amino acids at other times in the serum and skin was attributed to the rapid incorporation of these into the large number of maturing phagocytes which enter the lymphoedematous tissues. Likewise, protease activity levels were not elevated as expected. This possibly was the consequence of a number of factors including serum deactivation, inhibition of release and membrane stabilization. (+info)Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study. (3/456)
OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: 7 hospital centres in France. SUBJECTS: 167 patients admitted to hospital for erysipelas of the leg and 294 controls. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, a disruption of the cutaneous barrier (leg ulcer, wound, fissurated toe-web intertrigo, pressure ulcer, or leg dermatosis) (odds ratio 23.8, 95% confidence interval 10.7 to 52.5), lymphoedema (71.2, 5.6 to 908), venous insufficiency (2.9, 1.0 to 8.7), leg oedema (2.5, 1.2 to 5.1) and being overweight (2.0, 1.1 to 3.7) were independently associated with erysipelas of the leg. No association was observed with diabetes, alcohol, or smoking. Population attributable risk for toe-web intertrigo was 61%. CONCLUSION: This first case-control study highlights the major role of local risk factors (mainly lymphoedema and site of entry) in erysipelas of the leg. From a public health perspective, detecting and treating toe-web intertrigo should be evaluated in the secondary prevention of erysipelas of the leg. (+info)A gene for lymphedema-distichiasis maps to 16q24.3. (4/456)
Lymphedema-distichiasis (LD) is a dominantly inherited syndrome with onset of lymphedema at or just after puberty. Most affected individuals have distichiasis-fine hairs arising inappropriately from the eyelid meibomian glands-which is evident from birth. A study of three families with LD has shown linkage to chromosome 16q24.3, and subsequent analysis of the region for recombinant genes places the locus between D16S422 and D16S3074, a distance of approximately 16 cM. Possible candidate genes in this interval include the N-proteinase for type 3 collagen, PCOLN3; the metalloprotease PRSM1; and the cell matrix-adhesion regulator, CMAR. (+info)Chylothorax, chylopericardium and lymphoedema--the presenting features of signet-ring cell carcinoma. (5/456)
This report describes a patient with chylous pleural and pericardial effusions in conjunction with severe lymphoedema resembling elephantiasis. The chylous effusions and generalized lymphoedema were associated with a signet-ring cell carcinoma. (+info)Further studies of canine von Willebrand's disease. (6/456)
Additional characterization of von Willebrand's disease (VWD) in a family of German shepherd dogs is presented. Genetic studies of three generations of affected dogs indicate that about 50% of the progeny are affected if one parent has VWD and about 60% if both parents have the defect. Some of these progeny manifested an incomplete form of VWD, suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance with variable expressivity. The disease become progressively less severe with advancing age and repeated pregnancies. Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was significantly reduced in VWD dogs as compared with normal, thrombopathic, and hemophilic carrier dogs. Immunodiffusion and electroimmunodiffusion studies with rabbit anticanine factor VII showed the level of factor VII-related antigen to be low in VWD dogs but present in increased amounts in hemophilic dogs. VWD affected dogs had markedly delayed hemostatic plug formation, but their plugs appeared normal by light and electron microscopy. Their platelet nucleotides, ATP/ADP ration, and platelet protein content were normal. Platelet and fibrinogen survival times with [75Se] selenomethionine were also normal, although platelets from VWD dogs incorporated more radioactivity than did those from normal dogs or from dogs with incomplete VWD. (+info)Congenital hereditary lymphedema caused by a mutation that inactivates VEGFR3 tyrosine kinase. (7/456)
Hereditary lymphedema is a chronic swelling of limbs due to dysfunction of lymphatic vessels. An autosomal dominant, congenital form of the disease, also known as "Milroy disease," has been mapped to the telomeric part of chromosome 5q, in the region 5q34-q35. This region contains a good candidate gene for the disease, VEGFR3 (FLT4), that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase specific for lymphatic vessels. To clarify the role of VEGFR3 in the etiology of the disease, we have analyzed a family with hereditary lymphedema. We show linkage of the disease with markers in 5q34-q35, including a VEGFR3 intragenic polymorphism, and we describe an A-->G transition that cosegregates with the disease, corresponding to a histidine-to-arginine substitution in the catalytic loop of the protein. In addition, we show, by in vitro expression, that this mutation inhibits the autophosphorylation of the receptor. Thus, defective VEGFR3 signaling seems to be the cause of congenital hereditary lymphedema linked to 5q34-q35. (+info)Mapping of the locus for cholestasis-lymphedema syndrome (Aagenaes syndrome) to a 6.6-cM interval on chromosome 15q. (8/456)
Patients with cholestasis-lymphedema syndrome (CLS) suffer severe neonatal cholestasis that usually lessens during early childhood and becomes episodic; they also develop chronic severe lymphedema. The genetic cause of CLS is unknown. We performed a genome screen, using DNA from eight Norwegian patients with CLS and from seven unaffected relatives, all from an extended pedigree. Regions potentially shared identical by descent in patients were further characterized in a larger set of Norwegian patients. The patients manifest extensive allele and haplotype sharing over the 6.6-cM D15S979-D15S652 region: 30 (83.3%) of 36 chromosomes of affected individuals carry a six-marker haplotype not found on any of the 32 nontransmitted parental chromosomes. All Norwegian patients with CLS are likely homozygous for the same disease mutation, inherited from a shared ancestor. (+info)Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by swelling in one or more parts of the body, usually an arm or leg, due to the accumulation of lymph fluid. This occurs when the lymphatic system is unable to properly drain the fluid, often as a result of damage or removal of lymph nodes, or because of a genetic abnormality that affects lymphatic vessel development.
The swelling can range from mild to severe and may cause discomfort, tightness, or a feeling of heaviness in the affected limb. In some cases, lymphedema can also lead to skin changes, recurrent infections, and reduced mobility. The condition is currently not curable but can be managed effectively with various treatments such as compression garments, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and skincare routines.
Lymphography is not a commonly used term in current medical practice. However, historically, it referred to a radiographic imaging technique that involved the injection of a contrast material into the lymphatic system to visualize the lymph nodes and lymph vessels. This procedure was used primarily for diagnostic purposes, particularly in the evaluation of cancerous conditions like lymphoma or melanoma.
The process typically involved injecting a radiopaque substance into the interstitial tissue, which would then be taken up by the lymphatic vessels and transported to the regional lymph nodes. X-ray imaging was used to track the progression of the contrast material, creating detailed images of the lymphatic system.
Due to advancements in medical imaging technology, lymphography has largely been replaced by other non-invasive imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans. These modern methods provide high-resolution images of the body's internal structures without requiring invasive procedures or the use of contrast materials.
Lymphatic vessels are thin-walled, valved structures that collect and transport lymph, a fluid derived from the interstitial fluid surrounding the cells, throughout the lymphatic system. They play a crucial role in immune function and maintaining fluid balance in the body. The primary function of lymphatic vessels is to return excess interstitial fluid, proteins, waste products, and immune cells to the bloodstream via the subclavian veins near the heart.
There are two types of lymphatic vessels:
1. Lymphatic capillaries: These are the smallest lymphatic vessels, found in most body tissues except for the central nervous system (CNS). They have blind ends and are highly permeable to allow the entry of interstitial fluid, proteins, and other large molecules.
2. Larger lymphatic vessels: These include precollecting vessels, collecting vessels, and lymphatic trunks. Precollecting vessels have valves that prevent backflow of lymph and merge to form larger collecting vessels. Collecting vessels contain smooth muscle in their walls, which helps to propel the lymph forward. They also have valves at regular intervals to ensure unidirectional flow towards the heart. Lymphatic trunks are large vessels that collect lymph from various regions of the body and eventually drain into the two main lymphatic ducts: the thoracic duct and the right lymphatic duct.
Overall, lymphatic vessels play a vital role in maintaining fluid balance, immune surveillance, and waste removal in the human body.
Lymphoscintigraphy is a medical imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to examine the lymphatic system, specifically the lymph nodes and vessels. In this procedure, a small amount of radioactive material is injected into the area of interest, usually an extremity or the site of a surgical incision. The tracer then travels through the lymphatic channels and accumulates in the regional lymph nodes. A specialized camera called a gamma camera detects the radiation emitted by the tracer and creates images that reveal the function and anatomy of the lymphatic system.
Lymphoscintigraphy is often used to diagnose and assess conditions affecting the lymphatic system, such as lymphedema, cancer metastasis to lymph nodes, or unusual lymphatic flow patterns. It can help identify sentinel lymph nodes (the first node(s) to receive drainage from a tumor) in patients with melanoma and breast cancer, which is crucial for surgical planning and staging purposes.
In summary, lymphoscintigraphy is a non-invasive imaging technique that utilizes radioactive tracers to visualize the lymphatic system's structure and function, providing valuable information for diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making in various clinical scenarios.
Elephantiasis, filarial is a medical condition characterized by the severe swelling of limbs or other parts of the body due to the blockage of lymphatic vessels by parasitic worms. It is caused by infection with threadlike nematode filarial worms, such as Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia timori. These worms are transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.
The blockage of lymphatic vessels leads to the accumulation of lymph fluid in the affected area, causing progressive swelling, thickening, and hardening of the skin and underlying tissues. In advanced cases, the skin may become rough, nodular, and fissured, resembling the hide of an elephant, hence the name "elephantiasis."
The condition is usually chronic and can cause significant disability and social stigma. While there is no cure for filarial elephantiasis, various treatments are available to alleviate symptoms, prevent transmission, and halt the progression of the disease. These include antibiotics to kill the worms, surgery to remove the lymphatic obstruction, and various supportive measures to manage the swelling and prevent secondary infections.
The lymphatic system is a complex network of organs, tissues, vessels, and cells that work together to defend the body against infectious diseases and also play a crucial role in the immune system. It is made up of:
1. Lymphoid Organs: These include the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, and Peyer's patches (in the intestines). They produce and mature immune cells.
2. Lymphatic Vessels: These are thin tubes that carry clear fluid called lymph towards the heart.
3. Lymph: This is a clear-to-white fluid that contains white blood cells, mainly lymphocytes, which help fight infections.
4. Other tissues and cells: These include bone marrow where immune cells are produced, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) which are types of white blood cells that help protect the body from infection and disease.
The primary function of the lymphatic system is to transport lymph throughout the body, collecting waste products, bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances from the tissues, and filtering them out through the lymph nodes. The lymphatic system also helps in the absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins from food in the digestive tract.
In medical terms, the arm refers to the upper limb of the human body, extending from the shoulder to the wrist. It is composed of three major bones: the humerus in the upper arm, and the radius and ulna in the lower arm. The arm contains several joints, including the shoulder joint, elbow joint, and wrist joint, which allow for a wide range of motion. The arm also contains muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and other soft tissues that are essential for normal function.
Lymph node excision is a surgical procedure in which one or more lymph nodes are removed from the body for the purpose of examination. This procedure is often conducted to help diagnose or stage various types of cancer, as malignant cells may spread to the lymphatic system and eventually accumulate within nearby lymph nodes.
During a lymph node excision, an incision is made in the skin overlying the affected lymph node(s). The surgeon carefully dissects the tissue surrounding the lymph node(s) to isolate them from adjacent structures before removing them. In some cases, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may be performed instead, where only the sentinel lymph node (the first lymph node to which cancer cells are likely to spread) is removed and examined.
The excised lymph nodes are then sent to a laboratory for histopathological examination, which involves staining and microscopic evaluation of the tissue to determine whether it contains any malignant cells. The results of this examination can help guide further treatment decisions and provide valuable prognostic information.
Lymphangiogenesis is the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones. It is a complex biological process that involves the growth, differentiation, and remodeling of lymphatic endothelial cells, which line the interior surface of lymphatic vessels. Lymphangiogenesis plays crucial roles in various physiological processes, including tissue drainage, immune surveillance, and lipid absorption. However, it can also contribute to pathological conditions such as cancer metastasis, inflammation, and fibrosis when it is dysregulated.
The process of lymphangiogenesis is regulated by a variety of growth factors, receptors, and signaling molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, and their receptor VEGFR-3, as well as other factors such as angiopoietins, integrins, and matrix metalloproteinases. Understanding the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis has important implications for developing novel therapies for a range of diseases associated with abnormal lymphatic vessel growth and function.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Haiti" is not a medical term. It is a country located in the Caribbean, specifically on the island of Hispaniola. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.
Compression bandages are medical devices used to apply pressure on a part of the body, typically on limbs such as arms or legs. They are often used in the treatment of venous disorders, lymphatic disorders, and wounds, including venous ulcers, leg edema, and chronic swelling. The compression helps to promote better blood flow, reduce swelling, and aid in the healing process by helping to prevent fluid buildup in the tissues. They are usually made from elastic materials that allow for adjustable levels of compression and can be wrapped around the affected area in a specific manner to ensure proper fit and effectiveness. It is important to receive proper instruction on the application and removal of compression bandages to ensure they are used safely and effectively.
Non-filarial lymphedema is a type of swelling in the arms or legs due to buildup of lymph fluid. It is called "non-filarial" because it is not caused by filariasis, a parasitic infection that can lead to lymphatic dysfunction and lymphedema in some parts of the world.
Instead, non-filarial lymphedema can be caused by various factors such as surgery (e.g., removal of lymph nodes), radiation therapy, trauma, cancer treatment, obesity, or it may also be idiopathic, meaning there is no known cause. These factors can damage the lymphatic system and lead to impaired lymphatic drainage, resulting in swelling of the affected limb(s).
Non-filarial lymphedema is a chronic condition that requires long-term management, which may include compression garments, physical therapy, exercise, and skincare to prevent infection.
A mastectomy is a surgical procedure where the entire breast tissue along with the nipple and areola is removed. This is usually performed to treat or prevent breast cancer. There are different types of mastectomies, such as simple (total) mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, and nipple-sparing mastectomy. The choice of procedure depends on various factors including the type and stage of cancer, patient's preference, and the recommendation of the surgical team.
Breast neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the breast tissue that can be benign or malignant. Benign breast neoplasms are non-cancerous tumors or growths, while malignant breast neoplasms are cancerous tumors that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.
Breast neoplasms can arise from different types of cells in the breast, including milk ducts, milk sacs (lobules), or connective tissue. The most common type of breast cancer is ductal carcinoma, which starts in the milk ducts and can spread to other parts of the breast and nearby structures.
Breast neoplasms are usually detected through screening methods such as mammography, ultrasound, or MRI, or through self-examination or clinical examination. Treatment options for breast neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the tumor, the patient's age and overall health, and personal preferences. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or targeted therapy.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is a type of receptor tyrosine kinase that is primarily expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells. It is a crucial regulator of lymphangiogenesis, which is the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing ones. VEGFR-3 binds to its ligands, including VEGF-C and VEGF-D, leading to the activation of downstream signaling pathways that promote cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of lymphatic endothelial cells.
VEGFR-3 also plays a role in angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. However, its functions in angiogenesis are less well understood compared to its roles in lymphangiogenesis. Dysregulation of VEGFR-3 signaling has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and lymphatic disorders.
The term "upper extremity" is used in the medical field to refer to the portion of the upper limb that extends from the shoulder to the hand. This includes the arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand. The upper extremity is responsible for various functions such as reaching, grasping, and manipulating objects, making it an essential part of a person's daily activities.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGF-C) is a protein that belongs to the family of vascular endothelial growth factors. It plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. Specifically, VEGF-C is a key regulator of lymphangiogenesis, which is the development of new lymphatic vessels.
VEGF-C stimulates the growth and proliferation of lymphatic endothelial cells, leading to an increase in the number and size of lymphatic vessels. This process is important for maintaining fluid balance in tissues and for the immune system's response to infection and inflammation.
Abnormal regulation of VEGF-C has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, where it can promote tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing the formation of new blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the tumor. Inhibitors of VEGF-C have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.
Lymphangitis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and infection of the lymphatic vessels, which are the tubular structures that transport lymph fluid from various tissues to the bloodstream. This condition typically occurs as a complication of a bacterial or fungal skin infection that spreads to the nearby lymphatic vessels.
The inflammation in lymphangitis can cause symptoms such as red streaks along the affected lymphatic vessels, swelling, warmth, and pain. Fever, chills, and fatigue may also accompany these localized symptoms. In severe cases, lymphangitis can lead to more widespread infection, sepsis, or abscess formation if left untreated.
The diagnosis of lymphangitis typically involves a physical examination and laboratory tests such as blood cultures or skin lesion cultures to identify the causative organism. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics or antifungal medications to eradicate the infection, along with supportive care such as warm compresses, elevation, and pain management. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain any abscesses that have formed.
Elephantiasis is a rare, tropical disease that is characterized by the extreme enlargement and hardening of body parts, usually the legs or genitals, due to the obstruction of lymphatic vessels. This results in the accumulation of fluid in the affected areas, leading to severe swelling and disfigurement.
The two most common forms of elephantiasis are filarial elephantiasis, which is caused by infection with parasitic worms such as Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia timori, and non-filarial elephantiasis, which can be caused by various factors such as bacterial infections, injuries, or genetic conditions.
Filarial elephantiasis is typically transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and is preventable through the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and mass drug administration programs. Non-filarial elephantiasis can be prevented by practicing good hygiene, seeking prompt medical treatment for infections or injuries, and receiving appropriate medical care for underlying conditions.
While there is no cure for elephantiasis, various treatments can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include surgery to remove affected tissue, physical therapy to manage swelling and prevent further damage to the lymphatic system, and medications to treat any underlying infections or complications.
A bandage is a medical dressing or covering applied to a wound, injury, or sore with the intention of promoting healing or preventing infection. Bandages can be made of a variety of materials such as gauze, cotton, elastic, or adhesive tape and come in different sizes and shapes to accommodate various body parts. They can also have additional features like fasteners, non-slip surfaces, or transparent windows for monitoring the condition of the wound.
Bandages serve several purposes, including:
1. Absorbing drainage or exudate from the wound
2. Protecting the wound from external contaminants and bacteria
3. Securing other medical devices such as catheters or splints in place
4. Reducing swelling or promoting immobilization of the affected area
5. Providing compression to control bleeding or prevent fluid accumulation
6. Relieving pain by reducing pressure on sensitive nerves or structures.
Proper application and care of bandages are essential for effective wound healing and prevention of complications such as infection or delayed recovery.
Erysipelas is a skin infection characterized by the rapid onset of sharply demarcated, raised, and indurated (hardened) red plaques or patches with surrounding edema (swelling). It is typically caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria (\*Streptococcus pyogenes*). The infection involves the upper dermis and superficial lymphatics, resulting in painful, tender, warm, and erythematous (red) lesions. Erysipelas can also present with fever, chills, malaise, and generalized fatigue. Common sites for this infection include the face and lower extremities. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to eliminate the bacterial infection and supportive care to manage symptoms. If left untreated, erysipelas can lead to severe complications such as sepsis or necrotizing fasciitis.
Penile diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the penis, including infections, inflammatory conditions, and structural abnormalities. Some common penile diseases include:
1. Balanitis: an infection or inflammation of the foreskin and/or head of the penis.
2. Balanoposthitis: an infection or inflammation of both the foreskin and the head of the penis.
3. Phimosis: a condition in which the foreskin is too tight to be pulled back over the head of the penis.
4. Paraphimosis: a medical emergency in which the foreskin becomes trapped behind the head of the penis and cannot be returned to its normal position.
5. Peyronie's disease: a condition characterized by the development of scar tissue inside the penis, leading to curvature during erections.
6. Erectile dysfunction: the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse.
7. Penile cancer: a rare form of cancer that affects the skin and tissues of the penis.
These conditions can have various causes, including bacterial or fungal infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), skin conditions, trauma, or underlying medical conditions. Treatment for penile diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity, but may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.
Binomial distribution is a type of discrete probability distribution that describes the number of successes in a fixed number of independent Bernoulli trials with the same probability of success. It is called a "binomial" distribution because it involves the sum of two outcomes: success and failure. The binomial distribution is defined by two parameters: n, the number of trials, and p, the probability of success on any given trial. The possible values of the random variable range from 0 to n.
The formula for calculating the probability mass function (PMF) of a binomial distribution is:
P(X=k) = C(n, k) \* p^k \* (1-p)^(n-k),
where X is the number of successes, n is the number of trials, k is the specific number of successes, p is the probability of success on any given trial, and C(n, k) is the number of combinations of n items taken k at a time.
Binomial distribution has many applications in medical research, such as testing the effectiveness of a treatment or diagnostic test, where the trials could represent individual patients or samples, and success could be defined as a positive response to treatment or a correct diagnosis.
Filaricides are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by filarial worms, which are parasitic roundworms that can infect humans and animals. These medications work by killing or inhibiting the development of the larval stages of the worms, thereby helping to eliminate the infection and prevent further transmission.
Filaricides are often used to treat diseases such as onchocerciasis (river blindness), lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis), and loiasis (African eye worm). Examples of filaricides include ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole. It is important to note that these medications should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can have serious side effects if not used properly.
The term "axilla" is used in anatomical context to refer to the armpit region, specifically the space located lateral to the upper part of the chest wall and medial to the upper arm. This area contains a number of important structures such as blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes, which play a critical role in the health and functioning of the upper limb. Understanding the anatomy of the axilla is essential for medical professionals performing various procedures, including surgeries and injections, in this region.
Mycoses are a group of diseases caused by fungal infections. These infections can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, lungs, and internal organs. The severity of mycoses can range from superficial, mild infections to systemic, life-threatening conditions, depending on the type of fungus and the immune status of the infected individual. Some common types of mycoses include candidiasis, dermatophytosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and aspergillosis. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which can be topical or systemic, depending on the location and severity of the infection.
Lymphedema
Factitial lymphedema
Secondary lymphedema
Bullous lymphedema
Lymphedema praecox
Postinflammatory lymphedema
Primary lymphedema
Chronic progressive lymphedema
Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome
Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome
Lymphedema-posterior choanal atresia syndrome
Bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema
Microcephaly lymphoedema chorioretinal dysplasia
Lymph node
Elephantiasis
Penile injury
Venalex
Lymphatic system
Dahlberg Borer Newcomer syndrome
Milroy's disease
Meige disease
Lymphangiosarcoma
Vascular endothelial growth factor C
Stasis papillomatosis
Calcium channel blocker
List of OMIM disorder codes
Waldemar Olszewski
Vein
Vascular malformation
Vascular disease
Lymphedema - Wikipedia
Lymphedema eNews - November 2014
Lymphedema Treatment, Symptoms, Causes & Therapy
Lymphedema: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Study Finds Genetic Link to Lymphedema
LE Lymphedema Associated With Greater Skin Cancer Risk
Lymphology/Lymphedema News from Medical News Today
Lymphedema | Duke Health
Lymphedema - National Organization for Rare Disorders
Lymphedema Guide: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Options
Lymphedema (PDQ®) (Health professionals) | OncoLink
Mutations in Novel Gene Associated with Primary Lymphedema
Lymphedema - MU Health Care
Lymphedema and Breast Cancer | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Sarah cleary is fundraising for Lymphoedema Support Network
Introduction to Lymphedema - Sunnybrook Hospital
CDC - Lymphatic Filariasis - Resources for Health Professionals - Care of Patients with Lymphedema, Elephantiasis or Hydrocele
Lymphedema Treatment & Management: Approach Considerations, Compression Therapy, Manual Treatment Techniques
Treating lymphedema with kinesiology tape and IASTM tools
Lymphedema Education Session - InspireHealth
Lymphedema Care | Ochsner Health
Lymphedema and Exercise - InspireHealth
Lymphedema and Lymphoma: What Are The Causes?
Lymphedema Program | For Providers | Boston Children's Hospital
Lymphedema - Page 2 - Cancer Survivors Network
Yoga & lymphedema risk | LBBC
Gardening with Lymphedema - LympheDIVAs
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: "Hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia-renal" defect syndrome
Get Control of Your Lymphedema
Lindsey Sosovec, Adventurer, Lymphedema Advocate
Secondary18
- Lymphedema may be inherited (primary) or caused by injury to the lymphatic vessels (secondary). (wikipedia.org)
- In tropical areas of the world where parasitic filarial worms are endemic, a common cause of secondary lymphedema is filariasis. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Secondary lymphedema affects both men and women, and, in Western countries, is most commonly due to cancer treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- Secondary lymphedema results from an identifiable damage to or obstruction of normally-functioning lymph vessels and nodes. (medicinenet.com)
- Secondary lymphedema develops when a normally-functioning lymphatic system is blocked or damaged. (medicinenet.com)
- Other associated physical findings specific for the cause of secondary lymphedema and genetic disorders involving lymphedema may be noted upon examination. (medscape.com)
- In secondary lymphedema, the underlying etiology (ie, neoplasm, infection) should also be properly treated, in order to relieve the lymphatic obstruction. (medscape.com)
- cancers that caused secondary lymphedema were excluded. (medscape.com)
- Secondary lymphedema can result when the lymphatic system is altered due to injury, infection, or problems with major organs. (dukehealth.org)
- This is called secondary lymphedema. (drugs.com)
- This summary reviews the anatomy of the lymphatic system, the pathophysiology of lymphedema secondary to cancer, and epidemiology. (oncolink.org)
- Primary lymphedema can occur without an outside cause and is much less common than secondary lymphedema. (muhealth.org)
- Secondary lymphedema is caused by removal of the lymph nodes or other damage to the lymphatic system. (muhealth.org)
- Secondary lymphedema, which causes swelling may affect limbs, face, genitals and trunk, follows breast cancer surgery, particularly among those patients who undergo radiation therapy following the removal of axillary lymph nodes. (ochsner.org)
- Lymphoma and its treatments put patients at risk for secondary lymphedema (as opposed to primary lymphedema which is hereditary), even after the lymphoma goes into remission. (lymphomainfo.net)
- Several studies have shown that obesity can increase the risk of secondary lymphedema following damage to the lymphatics. (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
- Approximately 10 million people have lymphedema secondary to breast and pelvic cancer therapy, recurrent infections, injuries, or vascular surgery. (snmjournals.org)
- Lymphedema is edema of a limb due to lymphatic hypoplasia (primary) or to obstruction or disruption (secondary) of lymphatic vessels. (msdmanuals.com)
Therapist11
- If your provider suspects lymphedema, you may be referred to a physical or occupational therapist . (dukehealth.org)
- To prevent the lymphedema from worsening, physicians should consider referring lymphedema patients to a certified lymphedema therapist so patients can be informed about basic principles of care such as hygiene, exercise, elevation, treatment of wounds and infections, and use of appropriate footwear. (cdc.gov)
- Before starting an exercise program, consult with a trained exercise therapist with experience in lymphedema and exercise. (inspirehealth.ca)
- Make an appointment with a physical therapist specializing in lymphedema before getting started. (lbbc.org)
- Always ask your lymphedema therapist for advice and talk to your doctor before you start. (juzousa.com)
- Doris Laing CLT-LANA, practicing lymphedema therapist. (lymphnotes.com)
- My therapist said one lady she treats was over 10 years out, never had lymphedema issues to speak over, lifted a 20 lb. turkey out of her oven on Thanksgiving, felt a "gush" and her arm swelled up like a balloon! (cancer.org)
- In addition to the designation as a Physical Therapist (PT), Occupational Therapist (OT), or other rehabilitation therapist, well-trained lymphedema therapists carry the CLT credential after their name - indicating they are a "Certified Lymphedema Therapist. (lymphedemaproducts.com)
- Emmanuelle Ravez Gomez is a RMT and Combined Decongestive Therapist specialized in the treatment of lymphedema at her practice The Body Mind Clinic . (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
- John has been a therapist for more than 27 years, specializing in the treatment of lymphedema for nearly 22. (juzousa.com)
- Lymphoedema practitioners - may be an occupational therapist, physiotherapist, massage therapist (may be called a myotherapist), podiatrist, speech therapist or nurse with specialist training in managing lymphoedema. (cancercouncil.com.au)
Congenital lymphedema7
- Congenital lymphedema is evident at birth, is more common in females, and accounts for about 10-25% of all cases of primary lymphedema. (medicinenet.com)
- A subgroup of people with congenital lymphedema has a genetic inheritance (in medical genetics termed 'familial sex-linked pattern'), which is termed Milroy disease. (medicinenet.com)
- It is less common than congenital lymphedema and lymphedema praecox. (medicinenet.com)
- At birth - Also known as congenital lymphedema. (drugs.com)
- The summary does not deal with congenital lymphedema or lymphedema not related to cancer. (oncolink.org)
- Congenital lymphedema appears before age 2 years and is due to lymphatic aplasia or hypoplasia. (msdmanuals.com)
- Milroy disease is an autosomal dominant familial form of congenital lymphedema attributed to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 ( VEGFR-3 ) gene mutations and sometimes associated with cholestatic jaundice and edema or diarrhea due to a protein-losing enteropathy caused by intestinal lymphangiectasia. (msdmanuals.com)
Stressed in the treatment of lymphedema1
- Appropriate skin care and debridement are stressed in the treatment of lymphedema, to prevent recurrent cellulitis or lymphangitis. (medscape.com)
Associated with primary lymphedema3
- Multiple syndromes are associated with primary lymphedema, including Turner syndrome, Milroy's disease, and Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- New research shows that inactivating mutations in ANGPT2 are associated with primary lymphedema in humans. (genengnews.com)
- The study is published in Science Translational Medicine in an article titled, " Characterization of ANGPT2 mutations associated with primary lymphedema . (genengnews.com)
Breast cancer16
- Lymphedema is most commonly seen after lymph node dissection, surgery or radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer, most notably breast cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Between 38 and 89% of breast cancer patients have lymphedema due to axillary lymph node dissection or radiation. (wikipedia.org)
- Worldwide, lymphedema is most commonly caused by filariasis (a parasite infection), but in the U.S., lymphedema most commonly occurs in women who have had breast cancer surgery, particularly when followed by radiation treatment. (medicinenet.com)
- Breast cancer survivors who develop lymphedema after treatment for their cancer have a genetic predisposition to do so, according to a new study published in PLoS ONE . (medscape.com)
- The study also found that the risks of developing lymphedema increased significantly for women who had more advanced breast cancer at the time of their diagnosis, a high body mass index, or increased number of lymph nodes removed. (medscape.com)
- The exact prevalence of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment is unknown, but up to 56% of women who undergo breast cancer surgery develop lymphedema within 2 years, according to the National Cancer Institute, Dr. Miaskowski said. (medscape.com)
- Currently some half a million breast cancer survivors have lymphedema in the United States. (medscape.com)
- Lymphedema occurs quite often in women who have had multiple lymph nodes removed during surgery for breast cancer . (drugs.com)
- Similarly, a randomized intervention study in women with breast cancer demonstrated, by limb volume measurements or physician diagnosis, that 42% of subjects had lymphedema at 18 months after surgery. (oncolink.org)
- Another lymphatic vessel growth factor, VEGF-C, is currently undergoing a clinical trial in combination with surgery for the treatment of lymphedema in patients whose lymph nodes in the armpit have been removed due to breast cancer metastasis. (genengnews.com)
- Breast cancer patients often notice lymphedema in their chest close to their breasts and in the arm on the side where the cancer was treated. (muhealth.org)
- Most often, lymphedema occurs after breast cancer surgery and radiation therapy. (massagemag.com)
- The Physical Activity and Lymphedema Trial involved 295 breast cancer survivors and verified benefits that have long been observed by exercise therapists who work with breast cancer survivors. (inspirehealth.ca)
- You may be at risk for lymphedema if you have chronic venous insufficiency, other venous disorders, heart disease, obesity, a cancer diagnosis (especially breast cancer, reproductive system cancers, or melanoma), or a family history of lymphedema or swollen legs. (lymphnotes.com)
- In our clinic, about 75% of the patients have lymphedema because of malignancy or its therapy, with about half of these related to breast cancer surgery. (snmjournals.org)
- of 360 women undergoing breast cancer surgery found that arm lymphedema developed after surgery in 42% of women ( 7 ). (snmjournals.org)
Occurs10
- Lymphangiosarcoma most frequently occurs in cases of long-standing lymphedema. (wikipedia.org)
- Unilateral lymphedema of a lower limb occurs in up to 41% of patients after gynecologic cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Most primary lymphedema occurs without any known family history of the condition. (medicinenet.com)
- Lymphedema occurs when there is inadequate lymph drainage from the body, usually from a blockage in a lymph channel. (drugs.com)
- When lymphedema occurs without any known injury or infection, it is called primary lymphedema. (drugs.com)
- Lymphedema occurs when disruption of normal lymphatic drainage leads to accumulation of protein-rich lymph fluid in the interstitial space. (oncolink.org)
- Lymphedema occurs when lymphatic fluid does not drain as it should. (muhealth.org)
- Lymphedema is a condition that occurs when the lymphatic system is blocked or damaged resulting most often in an accumulation of lymph fluid in one or both of the arms or legs but it can occur elsewhere in the body also. (massagemag.com)
- Lymphedema refers to swelling that generally occurs in the arms and/or legs. (schoolandyouth.org)
- Lymphedema tarda occurs after age 35. (msdmanuals.com)
Filariasis4
- Worldwide, however, filariasis is the most common cause of lymphedema. (medicinenet.com)
- In countries where bancroftian filariasis is endemic, lymphedema of the leg is a public health problem, particularly for women, who are disproportionately affected. (cdc.gov)
- Thus, in many filariasis-endemic areas, lymphedema is primarily a disease of women. (cdc.gov)
- In 1998, the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis embraced lymphedema management as a fundamental component of its strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis ( 25 ). (cdc.gov)
Cause lymphedema4
- Any type of surgical procedure that requires removal of regional lymph nodes or lymph vessels can potentially cause lymphedema. (medicinenet.com)
- An infection involving the lymphatic vessels - An infection that involves the lymphatic vessels can be severe enough to cause lymphedema. (drugs.com)
- ANGPT2 has previously been shown to influence lymphatic development in mice, but this is the first time when mutations in this gene were found to cause lymphedema in humans," noted Alitalo. (genengnews.com)
- Certain medicines, radiation therapy, and injury to the lymph nodes and vessels can also cause lymphedema. (muhealth.org)
Garments4
- With the help of my PT and some lymphedema experts, I tested and retested compression garments until I found one that would comfortably contain me and my active lifestyle. (juzousa.com)
- We also provide Scar Tissue Management and Decongestive Lymphatic Therapy (Lymphoedema Treatment - Manual Lymphatic Drainage (MLD), laser therapy, fitted compression garments, bandaging, exercise, skincare and home programme). (bcna.org.au)
- Lymphoedema practitioners assess people with lymphoedema, develop treatment plans, prescribe compression garments, and provide ongoing treatment and care. (cancercouncil.com.au)
- On the basis of the lymphoscintigraphic image pattern, it is often possible to determine whether the limb swelling is due to lymphedema and, if so, whether compression garments, massage, or surgery is indicated. (snmjournals.org)
Therapists4
- Our certified lymphedema therapists and lymphedema surgeons are specially trained to offer the latest treatments for mild to severe lymphedema. (dukehealth.org)
- Our therapists will work with you to find the best solution to help you manage lymphedema. (muhealth.org)
- The National Lymphedema Network External website lists certified lymphedema therapists and lymphedema organizations in the U.S. (cdc.gov)
- See also the NLN Review and t he Oedeminus Review from the Dutch journal for therapists specializing in lymphedema. (lymphnotes.com)
Primary26
- Primary lymphedema may be congenital or may arise sporadically. (wikipedia.org)
- In men, lower-limb primary lymphedema is most common, occurring in one or both legs. (wikipedia.org)
- Primary lymphedema is the result of an anatomical abnormality of the lymph vessels and is a rare, inherited condition. (medicinenet.com)
- Primary lymphedema is an abnormality of an individual's lymphatic system and is generally present at birth, although symptoms may not become apparent until later in life. (medicinenet.com)
- Depending upon the age at which symptoms develop, three forms of primary lymphedema have been described. (medicinenet.com)
- Lymphedema praecox is the most common form of primary lymphedema. (medicinenet.com)
- Primary lymphedema that becomes evident after 35 years of age is known as Meige disease or lymphedema tarda. (medicinenet.com)
- Primary lymphedema is genetic and uncommon. (dukehealth.org)
- Blood tests can identify certain genes or abnormalities that can cause primary lymphedema. (dukehealth.org)
- This is the most common type of primary lymphedema. (drugs.com)
- Age 36 and older - This is the rarest type of primary lymphedema. (drugs.com)
- All three types of primary lymphedema are probably related to the abnormal development of lymph channels before birth. (drugs.com)
- Some genetic causes of primary lymphedema are known and previous studies have shown that dominant-negative mutations in angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) promote lymphangiogenesis in mice. (genengnews.com)
- Researchers collected samples from patients (and family members) suffering from primary lymphedema. (genengnews.com)
- The mutations that resulted in primary lymphedema in patients provided investigators important insights into the function of the ANGPT2 protein and mechanisms that lead to lymphedema. (genengnews.com)
- The primary goal when treating lymphedema is to assist in the removal of excess fluid and cellular debris found in the tissues however, care must be taken to not exacerbate the issue. (massagemag.com)
- Primary lymphedema is caused by a developmental abnormality of the lymphatic system, which is either congenital or hereditary. (ochsner.org)
- Swelling in primary lymphedema generally affects the lower extremities. (ochsner.org)
- I have been living with primary lymphedema for fifteen years and at times the lack of information has been overwhelming. (lymphnotes.com)
- I am a 26 years old female have primary lymphoedema in my right leg for the last 14 years . (ndtv.com)
- Primary lymphedemas are inherited and account for (msdmanuals.com)
- Clinical aspects of congenital primary lymphedema. (bvsalud.org)
- The aim of the present study is to report clinical findings related to edema and its location in children with primary lymphedema . (bvsalud.org)
- Sixty-eight children with congenital primary lymphedema were evaluated at the Godoy Clinic in São Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil , between 2014 and 2017. (bvsalud.org)
- A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted involving the analysis of clinical data on the location of edema in 68 children with congenital primary lymphedema . (bvsalud.org)
- We found that congenital primary lymphedema predominantly affects the lower limbs and is more prevalent in girls than boys . (bvsalud.org)
Swelling20
- Lymphedema, also known as lymphoedema and lymphatic edema, is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. (wikipedia.org)
- The most common manifestation of lymphedema is soft tissue swelling (edema). (wikipedia.org)
- Breast and trunk lymphedema can also occur but go unrecognised as there is swelling in the area after surgery, and its symptoms (peau d'orange and an inverted nipple) can be confused with post surgery fat necrosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Lymphedema is swelling in one or more extremities that results from impaired flow of the lymphatic system. (medicinenet.com)
- When the lymph vessels are blocked or unable to carry lymph fluid away from the tissues, localized swelling (lymphedema) is the result. (medicinenet.com)
- As lymphedema progresses to a more moderate to severe state, the swelling of the involved extremity becomes more pronounced. (medicinenet.com)
- It's important to test carefully for lymphedema, since it can be confused with other types of swelling/edema. (dukehealth.org)
- Swelling from lymphedema can look similar to the more common edema caused by leakage from tiny blood vessels under the skin. (drugs.com)
- Lymphedema causes swelling with a feeling of heaviness, tightness or fullness, usually in an arm or leg. (drugs.com)
- If a child has lymphedema, the doctor will ask if anyone in your family had leg swelling starting at a young age. (drugs.com)
- Lymphedema is abnormal swelling due to the presence of excess lymphatic fluid within the tissues. (lymphomainfo.net)
- Though there is no cure for lymphedema, you can manage the disease and its associated swelling by incorporating a few lifestyle changes. (juzousa.com)
- It can help you maintain a healthy weight, which can reduce lymphedema swelling. (juzousa.com)
- Like compression hosiery, lymphedema arm sleeves use graduated compression to improve circulation and the flow of lymph fluids while reducing swelling. (ameswalker.com)
- Therapeutic exercises are known to help relieve swelling and pain caused by lymphedema. (scripps.org)
- Signs of lymphedema and lipedema (painful fat syndrome) include swelling (edema), abnormal fat accumulation, pain, skin changes, and infections (cellulitis, wounds or ulcers) in affected areas. (lymphnotes.com)
- Do you have a question related to lymphedema, lipedema, swelling or compression? (juzousa.com)
- Your lymphoedema practitioner or another health professional will ask about your medical history, and check the level of swelling and any pitting, thickening or damage to the skin. (cancercouncil.com.au)
- Lymphedema is chronic swelling that happens when something upsets the lymphatic system. (medlineplus.gov)
- Above, the typical asymmetrical lymphedema (lower limb swelling) seen in podoconiosis. (cdc.gov)
Lymph nodes5
- Damage to lymph nodes and lymph vessels, leading to lymphedema, can also occur due to trauma , burns , radiation, infections, or compression or invasion of lymph nodes by tumors. (medicinenet.com)
- Lymphedema is a common side effect of cancer surgery in which lymph nodes are removed to prevent the spread of cancer. (muhealth.org)
- If you have had lymph nodes removed or have had radiation therapy as part of your cancer treatment, talk with your physician or nurse about ways you can observe for signs and symptoms and treat your lymphedema. (muhealth.org)
- However, lymphedema can also be caused by trauma, vein stripping, lipectomy, burn scar excursions, peripheral vascular surgery, and any procedure in which regional lymph nodes or vessels have been removed. (massagemag.com)
- Lymphedema results from a blockage in the lymphatic system, most commonly caused by the removal of or damage to lymph nodes as a part of cancer treatment. (schoolandyouth.org)
Cases of lymphedema3
- Some cases of lymphedema may be associated with other vascular abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
- In most cases of lymphedema, the lymphatic system has been injured so that the flow of lymph is blocked either temporarily or permanently. (drugs.com)
- At the Stanford Lymphedema Center, about 200 new cases of lymphedema are diagnosed each year (from a catchment area of about 500,000 patients). (snmjournals.org)
Development of lymphedema3
- The results of the study are hypothesis generating, but if the link is confirmed in other studies and a mechanism for the development of lymphedema is found, the hope is that a therapy will be found as well, lead author Christine Miaskowski, PhD, from the University of California, San Francisco, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
- A model of the angiopoietin 2 growth factor secretion from lymphatic endothelial cells and the effect of ANGPT2 mutations on the development of lymphedema. (genengnews.com)
- Studies have provided evidence that obesity and postoperative weight gain are significant risk factors for the development of lymphedema. (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
Infection9
- Tissues with lymphedema are at high risk of infection because the lymphatic system has been compromised. (wikipedia.org)
- It is vital for lymphedema patients to be aware of the symptoms of infection and to seek immediate treatment, since recurrent infections or cellulitis, in addition to their inherent danger, further damage the lymphatic system and set up a vicious circle. (wikipedia.org)
- The goal of lymphedema therapy is to restore function, reduce physical and psychologic suffering, and prevent the development of infection. (medscape.com)
- Lymphedema can make it easier to develop a skin infection. (drugs.com)
- Whether or not you are exhibiting symptoms of lymphedema, an infection in the body is a potential concern. (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
- Lymphedema of the limb is a physically deforming and socially stigmatizing consequence of filarial infection that affects ≈15 million persons worldwide ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- Globally, lymphedema following infection with the filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti is more common in women than in men ( 6 , 16 , 17 ). (cdc.gov)
- Lymphedema results from impaired lymphatic transport caused by injury to the lymphatics, infection, or congenital abnormality. (snmjournals.org)
- Worldwide, about 90 million people have lymphedema, primarily because of parasitic infection. (snmjournals.org)
Treatment33
- Lymphedema is most frequently a complication of cancer treatment or parasitic infections, but it can also be seen in a number of genetic disorders. (wikipedia.org)
- Get detailed information about the diagnosis and treatment of lymphedema in this clinician summary. (oncolink.org)
- Estimates of the prevalence of lymphedema vary widely due to differences in the type of cancer, measurement methods, diagnostic criteria, and timing of evaluations relative to cancer diagnosis and treatment. (oncolink.org)
- Lymphedema is a common delayed effect of cancer treatment that negatively impacts survivors' quality of life. (oncolink.org)
- Lymphedema in the legs is also common after treatment for uterine, ovarian and vulvar cancers as well as prostate cancer. (muhealth.org)
- Treatment for lymphedema depends on its cause and symptoms. (muhealth.org)
- This unique team understands how cancer treatment like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation affect the body and specifically work with our patients with lymphedema to provide personalized care. (muhealth.org)
- Lymphedema and elephantiasis are not indications for DEC treatment because most people with lymphedema are not actively infected with the filarial parasite and lab tests are generally negative in these patients. (cdc.gov)
- A few pharmacologic therapies have been found to be effective in the treatment of lymphedema. (medscape.com)
- The first-line treatment for lymphedema is complex physical therapy. (medscape.com)
- [ 4 ] This treatment is aimed at improving lymphedema with manual lymphatic drainage, massage, and exercise. (medscape.com)
- A myriad of surgical procedures have been advocated for the treatment of lymphedema, reflecting a lack of clear superiority of one procedure over the others. (medscape.com)
- When it comes to our treatment of clients with lymphedema, it is imperative that proper training in the field of lymphatic drainage is used. (massagemag.com)
- IASTM for lymphedema can be an additional option for treatment if used correctly. (massagemag.com)
- As it pertains to lymphedema and tooling, the imperative of providing treatment that helps facilitate fluid movement without excess compression and shear of the tissues is extremely important. (massagemag.com)
- Lymphedema , a common side effect of cancer treatment, can occur as a result of surgery, lymph node dissection, and radiation. (inspirehealth.ca)
- The good news is that research has proven exercise to be beneficial for the treatment, prevention and reduction of incidence of lymphedema. (inspirehealth.ca)
- Surgery or radiation treatment for lymphoma and other types of cancer such as breast and testicular cancers, blood vessel surgery and liposuction are all possible causes of lymphedema. (lymphomainfo.net)
- Ideally a physician can work with a lymphedema patient to develop an overall treatment strategy known as "complex decongestive therapy. (lymphomainfo.net)
- 2008). "Controlled compression and liposuction treatment for lower extremity lymphedema. (childrenshospital.org)
- 2006). "Treatment of lower extremity lymphedema with suction-assisted lipectomy. (childrenshospital.org)
- Your lymphedema specialist will recommend some gentle, repetitive exercises, called remedial exercises, as well as deep abdominal breathing exercises in Phase I of your treatment. (juzousa.com)
- To create awareness of lymphedema through education, and to promote and support the availability of quality medical treatment for all individuals at risk for or affected by lymphedema. (schoolandyouth.org)
- If you don't see me posting for a while it is due to my wrappings for lymphedema treatment. (cancer.org)
- Really i should restart oficial lymphedema treatment at the office too. (cancer.org)
- Other studies have shown that the greater the BMI at the time of diagnosis, the higher the frequency of lymphedema in a 5 year period following the end of treatment. (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
- Next, we dive into Combined Decongestive Therapy and how its four components can help in the treatment of lymphedema. (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
- A total of 118 skin-punch biopsies were collected from the legs of 91 patients enrolled in a lymphedema treatment clinic in Léogâne, Haiti. (cdc.gov)
- It also includes detailed information on lymphedema and lipedema including risk factors, signs and symptoms, treatment, other health care considerations and over 40 photos showing different stages of each condition. (lymphnotes.com)
- The authors include experts in lymphedema and lipedema treatment, nutrition research, and behavior change. (lymphnotes.com)
- All stages of lymphoedema need ongoing treatment and care. (cancercouncil.com.au)
- Doctors - your general practitioner (GP), surgeon or oncologist may diagnose the condition, coordinate your treatment plan and refer you to a lymphoedema practitioner. (cancercouncil.com.au)
- Evidence that the disease is often overlooked by physicians caring for the patient is seen by the fact that about 60% of the patients are self-referred for initial evaluation and treatment, even if they have had lymphedema for years. (snmjournals.org)
Pathophysiology1
- Effective use of lymphoscintigraphy to plan therapy requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of lymphedema and the influence of technical factors such as selection of the radiopharmaceutical, imaging times after injection, and patient activity after injection on the images. (snmjournals.org)
Prevent lymphedema3
- My hospital gave me a handout on some of the usual ways to prevent lymphedema from happening. (cancer.org)
- Slow-moving, rhythmic movements in yoga may help prevent lymphedema because they encourage lymph flow. (lbbc.org)
- The Secure Armsleeve combines compression and containment with comfort and durability that's optimal for comfortably managing and helping to prevent lymphedema. (compressionstore.com)
Decongestive therapy2
- The following nonsurgical lymphedema treatments are known as complete decongestive therapy. (dukehealth.org)
- Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT) is a non-invasive, multi-component approach to effectively treat and manage drainage lymphedema and related conditions. (ochsner.org)
Fluid6
- Lymphedema (see the image below) is an abnormal collection of protein-rich fluid in the interstitium resulting from obstruction of lymphatic drainage. (medscape.com)
- Lymphedema is the buildup of fluid called lymph in the tissues under your skin when something blocks its normal flow. (drugs.com)
- Lymphedema can occur when tissue fluid cannot enter or leaks from the lymphatic system into surrounding tissues. (genengnews.com)
- Without normal lymphatic drainage, fluid can build up in the affected arm or leg or other body part, resulting in lymphedema. (muhealth.org)
- Lymphedema is caused by the blockage or damage to the lymph system that prevents the normal flow of fluid. (lymphomainfo.net)
- P.S. Make sure they teach Manual Lymphedema Drainage (the self massaging to get the fluid flowing). (cancer.org)
Hereditary1
- FOXC2 represents the second known gene to result in hereditary lymphedema, and LD is only the second hereditary disorder known to be caused by a mutation in a forkhead-family gene. (nih.gov)
Affects4
- Lymphedema most often affects a single arm or leg, but in uncommon situations both limbs are affected. (medicinenet.com)
- Most commonly lymphedema affects the arms or legs. (drugs.com)
- Lymphedema is a common cancer-related condition that affects function and quality of life. (oncolink.org)
- Even clinically "mild" lymphedema may cause a significant disability, especially if it affects the hand. (snmjournals.org)
Elephantiasis4
- Lymphedema from Kaposi sarcoma so severe as to be evident as elephantiasis nostras verrucose may occur. (medscape.com)
- Although the factors responsible for the initiation and progression of filarial lymphedema to its most severe form, elephantiasis, have been debated, recurrent episodes of bacterial acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) play a major role ( 7 - 9 ). (cdc.gov)
- 2. The main complications of lymphatic fi lariasis are elephantiasis, lymphoedema and hydrocele. (who.int)
- The main manifestations of LF are elephantiasis, lymphoedema and hydrocele (see photos, Annex 2). (who.int)
Postmastectomy lymphedema1
- A combination of conservative surgery and careful patient selection for nodal radiotherapy may reduce the incidence of postmastectomy lymphedema ( 8 ), particularly when these therapies are combined with sentinel node biopsy, but their impact on the incidence of postsurgical lymphatic insufficiency has not yet been adequately assessed. (snmjournals.org)
Symptoms of lymphedema include2
- Symptoms of lymphedema include feeling as though your clothes, rings, wristwatches, or bracelets are too tight. (muhealth.org)
- Symptoms of lymphedema include aching discomfort and a sensation of heaviness or fullness. (msdmanuals.com)
Limb5
- If lymphedema is present in an arm or leg, measurements from your affected limb will be compared with measurements from your unaffected limb. (dukehealth.org)
- Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome is characterized by the presence of lower limb lymphedema and supernumerary eyelashes arising from the Meibomian glands. (cun.es)
- We investigated the effect of basic lymphedema management (hygiene, skin care, and lower limb movement and elevation) on the histologic features of lymphedema. (cdc.gov)
- In this therapy they apply severe compression to the limb to decrease the lymphoedema. (ndtv.com)
- Circumferential Measurements to Calculate Lower Limb Volume in Persons with Lymphedema: What Segment Length Is to Be Recommended? (lu.se)
Unilateral2
- This results in one-sided (unilateral) lymphedema of the arm. (medicinenet.com)
- Nineteen of 24 patients with unilateral LE lymphedema had a history of immunosuppression . (medscape.com)
Compression Therapy2
- Liposuction combined with controlled compression therapy reduces arm lymphedema more effectively than controlled compression therapy alone. (childrenshospital.org)
- As Clinical Manager for Juzo USA & Canada, John provides input on product development and helps educate dealers, certified fitters and patients on the benefits of medical compression therapy and best practices for treating lymphedema, lipedema, chronic wounds and venous insufficiency. (juzousa.com)
Drainage1
- For use of acute drainage phase lymphedema management for patients with lower leg needs. (brightlifedirect.com)
Hydrocele1
- It is estimated that 4.6 million cases of lymphoedema and over 10 million cases of hydrocele occur in Africa. (who.int)
Genetic1
- Cite this: Study Finds Genetic Link to Lymphedema - Medscape - Apr 22, 2013. (medscape.com)
Treatments2
- This important discovery opens possibilities for the development of improved treatments of lymphedema," explained Kari Alitalo, MD, research professor at the Finnish Academy of Sciences in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Helsinki, and a director of the Centre of Excellence in Translational Cancer Biology and the Wihuri Research Institute. (genengnews.com)
- Lymphedema is not a given from these treatments. (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
Tarda1
- Lymphedema can be present at birth, develop at the onset of puberty (praecox), or not become apparent for many years into adulthood (tarda). (wikipedia.org)
Therapy1
- Initiate therapy for lymphedema as early as possible before extensive, irreversible fibrosclerotic changes occur in the interstitium. (medscape.com)
Surgery5
- Surgical procedures that have been associated with lymphedema include vein stripping, lipectomy, burn scar excision, and peripheral vascular surgery. (medicinenet.com)
- Although it is considered the "gold standard" for confirming a lymphedema diagnosis, it's reserved for select people and surgery planning because it requires injecting a radioactive dye into an already overloaded lymphatic system. (dukehealth.org)
- Sometimes, lymphedema appears immediately after surgery and goes away quickly. (drugs.com)
- We suggest that a follow-up protocol for lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome families should include spinal magnetic resonance imaging for all affected members so that the timing of surgery for removal of these cysts can be optimized. (cun.es)
- All these studies disregard milder forms of lymphedema and miss a significant number of patients with mild lymphedema, especially in the nondominant arm, which could be 200 cm 3 smaller than the dominant arm before surgery. (snmjournals.org)
Common cause of lymphedema1
- In areas of the tropics and subtropics, such as South American, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia and the South Pacific, parasites are a common cause of lymphedema. (drugs.com)
20231
- Cite this: Lower-Extremity Lymphedema Associated With More Skin Cancer Risk - Medscape - Nov 14, 2023. (medscape.com)
Infections2
- It is recommended that lymphedema patients or those at risk for lymphedema wear a medical ID bracelet or necklace to notify medical personnel of the risks and potential complications such as infections. (lymphomainfo.net)
- See Lymphedema Related Infections . (lymphnotes.com)
Syndrome4
- Lymphedema-associated lymphangiosarcoma is called Stewart-Treves syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of spinal extradural arachnoid cysts in lymphedema distichiasis syndrome. (cun.es)
- Twelve family members carried a mutation in the FOXC2 gene and had clinical features of lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. (cun.es)
- We previously reported neonatal lymphedema, similar to that in Turner syndrome, associated with a t(Y;16)(q12;q24.3) translocation. (nih.gov)
Lower extremities1
- Lower-extremity (LE) lymphedema increases the risk for all types of skin cancer on the lower extremities. (medscape.com)
Radiation1
- Lymphedema could be avoided if lymph node dissections and radiation did not happen, but thankfully treating the cancer is the priority. (rethinkbreastcancer.com)
Progresses1
- As lymphedema progresses, the frequency of ADLA episodes generally increases (11,12). (cdc.gov)
Complications2
- Complications of lymphedema can cause difficulties in activities of daily living. (wikipedia.org)
- We strive to reduce the quality-of-life issues and serious complications caused by lymphedema. (dukehealth.org)
Cure for lymphedema1
- There is no medical cure for lymphedema. (lymphomainfo.net)
Risk for lymphedema1
- I definitely recommend it to anyone with, or at risk for, lymphedema. (lymphnotes.com)
Women with lymphedema2
- The study evaluated 155 women with lymphedema in an upper extremity (arm or fingers) and 387 women with no lymphedema. (medscape.com)
- Little research has been done on the safety of yoga for women with lymphedema. (lbbc.org)
People with lymphedema1
- Exercise guidelines are essential for people with lymphedema. (inspirehealth.ca)
Diagnosis of lymphedema3
- In general, analysis of blood, urine, or tissue is not needed to make the diagnosis of lymphedema. (medscape.com)
- Imaging is not necessary to make the diagnosis of lymphedema, but it can be used to confirm it, to assess the extent of involvement, and to determine therapeutic intervention. (medscape.com)
- Arm volume differences above 100-200 cm 3 or a circumference difference above 2 cm is used as a cutoff point for the diagnosis of lymphedema. (snmjournals.org)
Management of lymphedema2
- This session provides information related to lymphatic health, and the prevention and management of lymphedema. (inspirehealth.ca)
- Based on evidence of the bacterial etiology of ADLA, current World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for management of lymphedema emphasize basic skin care and hygiene using soap, water, and antiseptics, as well as elevation of the leg, exercise, and proper footwear ( 26 ). (cdc.gov)
Prevalence1
- These results align reasonably well with a survey study of women survivors of ovarian, endometrial, and colorectal cancers, who met criteria for lymphedema based on a validated survey that demonstrated a point prevalence of 37%, 33%, and 31%, respectively. (oncolink.org)
Abnormal1
- Lymphedema is a chronic disease resulting from abnormal development or function of the lymphatic system. (genengnews.com)
Praecox4
- Lymphedema praecox is four times more common in females than in males. (medicinenet.com)
- Lymphedema praecox appears between ages 2 and 35, typically in women at the onset of menses or pregnancy. (msdmanuals.com)
- Meige disease is an autosomal dominant familial form of lymphedema praecox attributed to mutations in a transcription factor gene ( FOXC2 ) that causes extra eyelashes (distichiasis), cleft palate, and edema of legs, arms, and sometimes the face. (msdmanuals.com)
- Clinical findings are similar to those of lymphedema praecox but may be less severe. (msdmanuals.com)
Lymphology2
- Many thought leaders in the field of lymphology believe that a plant-based diet may be a good for those with lymphedema, as the natural foods flood the body with nutrients and minerals that may reduce inflammation. (juzousa.com)
- The Australasian Lymphology Association has an online register of lymphoedema practitioners . (cancercouncil.com.au)
Mild lymphedema1
- Mild lymphedema first may be noticed as a feeling of heaviness, tingling, tightness, warmth, or shooting pains in the affected extremity. (medicinenet.com)
Severe lymphedema1
- The other symptoms mentioned above also persist with moderate or severe lymphedema. (medicinenet.com)
