Maleimides are a class of chemically reactive compounds containing a maleimide functional group, which can undergo addition reactions with nucleophiles such as thiols, making them useful for the formation of covalent bonds in various bioconjugation and material synthesis applications.
A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.

Involvement of p21 in the PKC-induced regulation of the G2/M cell cycle transition. (1/1456)

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibits cell cycle progression at the G1/S and G2/M transitions. We found that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced upregulation of p21, not only in MCF-7 cells arrested in the G1 phase as previously shown, but also in cells delayed in the G2 phase. This increase in p21 in cells accumulated in the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle after PMA treatment was inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. This indicates that PKC activity is required for PMA-induced p21 upregulation and cell cycle arrest in the G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. To further assess the role of p21 in the PKC-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest independently of its G1 arrest, we used aphidicolin-synchronised MCF-7 cells. Our results show that, in parallel with the inhibition of cdc2 activity, PMA addition enhanced the associations between p21 and either cyclin B or cdc2. Furthermore, we found that after PMA treatment p21 was able to associate with the active Tyr-15 dephosphorylated form of cdc2, but this complex was devoid of kinase activity indicating that p21 may play a role in inhibition of cdc2 induced by PMA. Taken together, these observations provide evidence that p21 is involved in integrating the PKC signaling pathway to the cell cycle machinery at the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint.  (+info)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C are required for the inhibition of caspase activity by epidermal growth factor. (2/1456)

The mechanism by which growth factors exert an anti-apoptotic function on many cell types is not well understood. This issue is addressed in relation to epidermal growth factor (EGF) which inhibits apoptosis induced by staurosporine or wortmannin in an epithelial tumour cell line (CNE-2). The presence of EGF substantially reduced the in vitro Ac-DEVD-AMC hydrolytic activity and almost completely suppressed the intracellular cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in staurosporine- or wortmannin-treated cells. Staurosporine but not wortmannin caused the intracellular proteolytic processing of pro-caspase-3 and this event was transiently inhibited by EGF. Staurosporine-induced apoptosis was not inhibited by EGF in the presence of wortmannin or LY294002. Similarly, EGF failed to inhibit wortmannin-induced apoptosis in the presence of staurosporine, chelerythrine chloride or Go6850. These results suggest that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C play a role in the survival function of EGF but the reduction of cellular caspase activity cannot be satisfactorily explained by a lack of pro-caspase-3 activation.  (+info)

Stimulation of ultraviolet-induced apoptosis of human fibroblast UVr-1 cells by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (3/1456)

Damnacanthal is an anthraquinone compound isolated from the root of Morinda citrifolia and was reported to have a potent inhibitory activity towards tyrosine kinases such as Lck, Src, Lyn and EGF receptor. In the present study, we have examined the effects of damnacanthal on ultraviolet ray-induced apoptosis in ultraviolet-resistant human UVr-1 cells. When the cells were treated with damnacanthal prior to ultraviolet irradiation, DNA fragmentation was more pronounced as compared to the case of ultraviolet irradiation alone. The other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, herbimycin A and genistein, also caused similar effects on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis but to a lesser extent. Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, K252a, staurosporine and GF109203X, rather suppressed the ultraviolet-induced DNA cleavage. Immunoblot analysis showed that pretreatment with damnacanthal followed by ultraviolet irradiation increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases. However, the other tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases but stimulated phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases. Consequently, the ultraviolet-induced concurrent increase in both phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases after pretreatment with damnacanthal might be characteristically related to the stimulatory effect of damnacanthal on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis.  (+info)

Protein kinase C mediates experimental colitis in the rat. (4/1456)

Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in the cell signal transduction of many physiological processes. In contrast to these physiological responses, increases in PKC activity have also been associated with inflammatory disease states, including ulcerative colitis. The objective of this study was to examine the role of PKC as a causative mediator in initiation of experimentally induced colitis in the rat. Colitis was induced in rats by intrarectal (0.6 ml) instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS; 75 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) or the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 1.5-3.0 mg/kg in 20% ethanol). Gross and histological mucosal damage, mucosal neutrophil infiltration, mucosal PKC activity, and PKC protein content for PKC isoforms alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon were assessed 2 h to 14 days after an inflammatory challenge. Both PKC activity and mucosal injury increased significantly within 4 h of TNBS treatment. PKC activity was maximal at 7 days and declined at 14 days, whereas mucosal damage became maximal at 1 day and declined after 7 days. In contrast, neutrophil infiltration as assessed by myeloperoxidase activity only increased 12 h after TNBS treatment, became maximal 1 day after TNBS administration, and declined thereafter. PKCbeta, -delta, and -epsilon were increased in response to TNBS, whereas PKCalpha protein content was decreased. The PKC antagonists staurosporine and GF-109203X (25 ng/kg iv) reduced TNBS-induced changes in mucosal PKC activity and the degree of mucosal damage. In contrast, neutropenia induced by antineutrophil serum treatment did not significantly affect the degree of injury or mucosal PKC activity. Furthermore, activation of mucosal PKC activity with PMA also induced mucosal damage, which was also inhibited by pretreatment with a PKC antagonist. In conclusion, these results suggest that increases in PKC activity play a causative role in TNBS-induced colitis. The PKC-mediated response to TNBS does not appear to involve neutrophil infiltration.  (+info)

A small catalytic RNA motif with Diels-Alderase activity. (5/1456)

BACKGROUND: The 'RNA world' hypothesis requires that RNA be able to catalyze a wide variety of chemical reactions. In vitro selection from combinatorial RNA libraries has been used to identify several catalytic activities, most of which have resulted in a self-modification of RNA at one of its constituents. The formation of carbon-carbon bonds is considered an essential prerequisite for a complex metabolism based on RNA. RESULTS: We describe the selection and characterization of new ribozymes that catalyze carbon-carbon bond formation by Diels-Alder reaction of a biotinylated maleimide with an RNA-tethered anthracene. Secondary structure analysis identified a 49-nucleotide RNA motif that accelerates the reaction about 20,000-fold. The motif has only 11 conserved nucleotides that are present in most of the selected sequences. The ribozyme motif is remarkably adaptable with respect to cofactor and metal-ion requirements. The motif was also re-engineered to give a 38-mer RNA that can act as a 'true' catalyst on short external substrate oligonucleotide-anthracene conjugates. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a small, highly abundant RNA motif that can solve the complex task of forming two carbon-carbon bonds between two reactants in trans, a catalytic capacity useful for creating prebiotically relevant molecules. This is the smallest and fastest RNA catalyst for carbon-carbon bond formation reported to date.  (+info)

Core RNA polymerase from E. coli induces a major change in the domain arrangement of the sigma 70 subunit. (6/1456)

Luminescence resonance energy transfer measurements were used to show that binding of E. coli core RNA polymerase induced major changes in interdomain distances in the sigma 70 subunit. The simplest model describing core-induced changes in sigma 70 involves a movement of the conserved region 1 by approximately 20 A and the conserved region 4.2 by approximately 15 A with respect to conserved region 2. The core-induced movement of region 1 (autoinhibition domain) and region 4.2 (DNA-binding domain) provides structural rationale for allosteric regulation of sigma 70 DNA binding properties by the core and suggests that this regulation may not only involve directly the autoinhibition domain of sigma 70 but also could involve a modulation of spacing between DNA-binding domains of sigma 70 induced by binding of core RNAP.  (+info)

Stretch-induced overproduction of fibronectin in mesangial cells is mediated by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. (7/1456)

An excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in glomerular mesangial cells is considered to be responsible for the development of mesangial expansion seen in diabetic nephropathy. Mechanical stretch due to glomerular hypertension has been proposed as one of the factors leading to an increase in the production of ECM proteins in mesangial cells, but the precise mechanism of stretch-induced overproduction of ECM proteins has not been elucidated. Herein, we provide the evidence that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) may play a key role in the overproduction of fibronectin (FN) in mesangial cells exposed to mechanical stretch. MAPK, also termed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), was activated by mechanical stretch in time- and intensity-dependent manners. Stretch-induced activation of ERK was inhibited by herbimycin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but not by GF109203X or calphostin C, the inhibitors of protein kinase C. Mechanical stretch also enhanced DNA-binding activity of AP-1, and this enhancement was inhibited by PD98059, an inhibitor of MAPK or ERK kinase (MEK). Furthermore, mechanical stretch stimulated the expression of FN mRNA followed by a significant increase in its protein accumulation. PD98059 could prevent stretch-induced increase in the expression of FN mRNA and protein. These results indicate that the activation of ERK may mediate the overproduction of ECM proteins in mesangial cells exposed to mechanical stretch, an in vitro model for glomerular hypertension seen in diabetes.  (+info)

Angiostatin formation involves disulfide bond reduction and proteolysis in kringle 5 of plasmin. (8/1456)

Plasmin is processed in the conditioned medium of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells producing fragments with the domain structures of the angiogenesis inhibitor, angiostatin, and microplasmin. Angiostatin consists of kringle domains 1-4 and part of kringle 5, while microplasmin consists of the remainder of kringle 5 and the serine proteinase domain. Our findings indicate that formation of angiostatin/microplasmin involves reduction of plasmin by a plasmin reductase followed by proteolysis of the reduced enzyme. We present evidence that the Cys461-Cys540 and Cys511-Cys535 disulfide bonds in kringle 5 of plasmin were reduced by plasmin reductase. Plasmin reductase activity was secreted by HT1080 and Chinese hamster ovary cells and the human mammary carcinoma cell lines MCF-7, MDA231, and BT20 but not by the monocyte/macrophage cell line THP-1. Neither primary foreskin fibroblasts, blood monocyte/macrophages, nor macrovascular or microvascular endothelial cells secreted detectable plasmin reductase. In contrast, cultured bovine and rat vascular smooth muscle cells secreted small but reproducible levels of plasmin reductase. Reduction of the kringle 5 disulfide bonds triggered cleavage at either Arg529-Lys530 or two other positions C-terminal of Cys461 in kringle 5 by a serine proteinase. Plasmin autoproteolysis could account for the cleavage, although another proteinase was mostly responsible in HT1080 conditioned medium. Three serine proteinases with apparent Mr of 70, 50, and 39 were purified from HT1080 conditioned medium, one or more of which could contribute to proteolysis of reduced plasmin.  (+info)

Maleimides are a class of chemical compounds that contain a maleimide functional group, which is characterized by a five-membered ring containing two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms. The double bond in the maleimide ring makes it highly reactive towards nucleophiles, particularly thiol groups found in cysteine residues of proteins.

In medical and biological contexts, maleimides are often used as cross-linking agents to modify or label proteins, peptides, and other biomolecules. For example, maleimide-functionalized probes such as fluorescent dyes, biotin, or radioisotopes can be covalently attached to thiol groups in proteins for various applications, including protein detection, purification, and imaging.

However, it is important to note that maleimides can also react with other nucleophiles such as amines, although at a slower rate. Therefore, careful control of reaction conditions is necessary to ensure specificity towards thiol groups.

Ethylmaleimide is a chemical compound that is commonly used in research and scientific studies. Its chemical formula is C7H10N2S. It is known to modify proteins by forming covalent bonds with them, which can alter their function or structure. This property makes it a useful tool in the study of protein function and interactions.

In a medical context, Ethylmaleimide is not used as a therapeutic agent due to its reactivity and potential toxicity. However, it has been used in research to investigate various physiological processes, including the regulation of ion channels and the modulation of enzyme activity. It is important to note that the use of Ethylmaleimide in medical research should be carried out with appropriate precautions and safety measures due to its potential hazards.

Maleimides also describes a class of derivatives of the parent maleimide where the NH group is replaced with alkyl or aryl ... Human hemoglobin chemically modified with maleimide-polyethylene glycol is a blood substitute called MP4. Maleimide and its ... are called maleimide heterobifunctional reagents (for example, see SMCC reagent). Only a handful of natural maleimides - ... and a linker molecule often containing a maleimide group, which binds the drug and the antibody. Maleimides linked to ...
In enzymology, a maleimide hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction maleimide + H2O ⇌ {\ ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } maleamic acid Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are maleimide and H2O, whereas its ...
... maleimides > cyclopentadiene, imines, alkenes > alkynes Because the Diels-Alder reaction exchanges two π bonds for two σ bonds ...
Maleimides selectively attach to cysteine using a covalent Michael addition. Site-directed spin labeling for EPR or ...
... it will not react as readily with the maleimide. However, TCEP has been reported to react with maleimide under certain ... TCEP is particularly useful when labeling cysteine residues with maleimides. TCEP can keep the cysteines from forming di- ... with Maleimide and α-Haloacyl Groups: Anomalous Elution of TCEP by Gel Filtration". Anal. Biochem. 282 (1): 161-164. doi: ...
... via maleimide or iodoacetamides); azide (e.g. via click chemistry with terminal alkyne); or non-specificately (glutaraldehyde) ...
Simple FSL peptide synthesis - there is a reactive-functional-group FSL Kode construct with maleimide as its functional group ... The effective synthetic approach is based on the well-known Michael nucleophilic addition to maleimides (Fig. 7). Synthetic " ... Other - chemical moieties such as maleimide, click residues, PEG, charged compounds Note 1: Multimeric - the presentation of ... Henry, Stephen; Rodionov, Igor (2012). "FSL-RFG(Maleimide) FSL Construction Kit Technical Bulletin". Scholarly Commons. hdl: ...
Henry, Stephen; Rodionov, Igor (2012). FSL-RFG(Maleimide) FSL Construction Kit Technical Bulletin. Scholarly Commons. hdl:10292 ...
Ju, Xuhui; Li, Dianjun; Li, Weifei; Yu, Wei; Bian, Fengling (2012-12-14). "The Reaction of Tertiary Anilines with Maleimides ... N-dimethylanilines with maleimides". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 11 (1): 425-430. doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.48. ISSN 1860 ...
Baldwin, Aaron D.; Kiick, Kristi L. (2011-10-19). "Tunable Degradation of Maleimide-Thiol Adducts in Reducing Environments". ...
In the case of furan-maleimide adducts, the retro-cycloaddition is accessible at temperatures as low as 40 °C. Olefin and ... Boutelle, Robert C.; Northrop, Brian H. (2011-10-07). "Substituent effects on the reversibility of furan-maleimide ...
... maleimide-containing bioconjugates were found to be relatively unstable and lose the payload in the blood circulation due to ... "Self-hydrolyzing maleimides improve the stability and pharmacological properties of antibody-drug conjugates". Bioconjugate ... linking of the payload was classically achieved using maleimide heterobifunctional reagents (for example, see SMCC). However, ... reversibility of the addition reaction between maleimide moiety and cysteine residue of a protein (retro Michael addition). Due ...
October 2014). "Self-hydrolyzing maleimides improve the stability and pharmacological properties of antibody-drug conjugates". ... "Site-Specific Conjugation of Auristatins onto Engineered scFv Using Second Generation Maleimide to Target HER2-positive Breast ...
Biosynthesis of the maleimide nucleoside antibiotic, showdomycin, by Streptomyces showdoensis". Biochemistry. 10 (19): 3608- ...
Tonglairoum, Prasopchai; Brannigan, Ruairí P.; Opanasopit, Praneet; Khutoryanskiy, Vitaliy V. (2016-10-12). "Maleimide-bearing ...
The protein kinase C inhibitor bis(indolyl)maleimide inhibitor BIM1 is clearly seen in the structure of PKCiota (residue 574- ... "Interactions of LY333531 and other bisindolyl maleimide inhibitors with PDK1". Structure. 12 (2): 215-26. doi:10.1016/j.str. ... "The protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolyl maleimide 2 binds with reversed orientations to different conformations of protein ...
Farinomalein, a Maleimide-Bearing Compound from the Entomopathogenic Fungus Paecilomyces farinosus. J. Nat. Prod., 2009, 72 (8 ...
... is a maleimide isolate of Penicillium and seaweed endophytic fungi. Birkinshaw, JH; Kalyanpur, MG; Stickings, CE ( ... Maleimides, Carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...
New York: Wiley-VCH, 1999). Jerome A. Berson and Ronald Swidler, "A Synthesis of Maleimide," Journal of the American Chemical ... cite journal}}: Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) "A Synthesis of Maleimide". Berson, Jerome A.; Swidler, Ronald (1954). " ...
Substitution on maleimide nitrogen with functional groups bearing a labile hydrogen". J. Antibiot. 48 (8): 863-868. doi:10.7164 ...
Zhen, R.-G.; Kim, E.J.; Rea, P.A. (1994). "Localization of cytosolically oriented maleimide-reactive domain of vacuolar H+- ... Protein chemical identification of the maleimide-reactive domain of the pump and modeling of the topology of the C-terminal ... half of the molecule by peptide mapping and the deployment of both membrane-permeant and membrane-impermeant maleimides (Zhen ...
... is a natural maleimide with formula C10H13NO4 - was first isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria ... a Maleimide-Bearing Compound from the Entomopathogenic Fungus Paecilomyces farinosus". Journal of Natural Products. 72 (8): ... Maleimides, Phytophthora, Carboxylic acids, Pesticides, Isopropyl compounds). ...
Functional groups like alkyne, norbornene, maleimide, nitrite, and cyanate have been used for this purpose. Maleimide and ...
Tris-maleimide (3M) and tetra-furan (4F) formed a polymer through DA reaction and, when heated to 120 °C, de-polymerized ... In general, the monomer containing the functional groups such as furan or maleimide form two carbon-carbon bonds in a specific ... For polymerization and healing processes of a DA-step-growth furan-maleimide based polymer (3M4F) were demonstrated by ... have shown the reversible cross-linking of modified poly(N-acetylethyleneimine)s containing either maleimide or furancarbonyl ...
2003) Radiosynthesis of a [18F]fluoropyridine-based maleimide reagent for protein labeling. J Label Compd Radiopharm, 46, S15. ... 2003). "Radiosynthesis of a [18F]fluoropyridine-based maleimide reagent for protein labeling". J Label Compd Radiopharm. 46: ... maleimide. Nuclear Medice and Biology, 34, 5-15. 2.) Dolle, F., Hinnen, F., Lagnel, B., Boisgard, R., Sanson, A., Russo-Marie, ... maleimide". Nuclear Medicine and Biology. 34 (1): 5-15. doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.09.009. PMID 17210457. Speranza, M. (1985 ...
Sulfhydryl-reactive groups such as maleimides, haloacetyls and pyridyl disulfides, require free sulfhydryl groups for ...
... functionalised with maleimide side groups". Polym. Int. 58 (7): 720. doi:10.1002/pi.2583. Corey, E. J.; Bass, J. D.; LeMahieu, ...
This core structure includes a central maleimide group with two indole groups attached. Examples of bisindolylmaleimide ...
Furst J, Sutton RB, Chen J, Brunger AT, Grigorieff N (Sep 2003). "Electron cryomicroscopy structure of N-ethyl maleimide ...
Oxindoles to Maleimides". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 58 (16): 5447-5451. doi:10.1002/anie.201814453. ISSN 1433- ...
Maleimides also describes a class of derivatives of the parent maleimide where the NH group is replaced with alkyl or aryl ... Human hemoglobin chemically modified with maleimide-polyethylene glycol is a blood substitute called MP4. Maleimide and its ... are called maleimide heterobifunctional reagents (for example, see SMCC reagent). Only a handful of natural maleimides - ... and a linker molecule often containing a maleimide group, which binds the drug and the antibody. Maleimides linked to ...
Use this URL to cite or link to this record in EThOS: ...
09/01/2004 - "We now show the effects of several related cyclic imides: maleimides (S2, S2.1, S2.2, S3), glutarimides (S4, S5, ... MP4 maleimide-polyethylene glycol-modified hemoglobin: 4. *sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate: 4 ... MP4 maleimide-polyethylene glycol-modified hemoglobin: 4. *sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate: 4 ... MP4 maleimide-polyethylene glycol-modified hemoglobin: 4. *sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate: 4 ...
We demonstrated that AAV9 capsid modified with N-ethyl Maleimide (NEM) increased its tropism more towards murine bone marrow ( ... different side chains of maleimide were tested including tetramethyl-rhodamine-5-maleimide (Rho) and biotin-maleimide (Biotin ... After optimizing the reactions, purified rAAVs (AAV8 and AAV9) were reacted with NEM, Biotin-maleimide, or Rhodamine-maleimide ... Mulcrone, P.L., Lam, A.K., Frabutt, D. et al. Chemical modification of AAV9 capsid with N-ethyl maleimide alters vector tissue ...
DABCYL C2 maleimide thiol-reactive building block for developing FRET probes. ... DABCYL C2 maleimide is an excellent thiol-reactive building block for developing DABCYL-based FRET probes. ...
Maleimide is the most popular sulfhydryl-reactive reactive group for conjugating the dye to a thiol group on a protein, ... The maleimide group specifically and efficiently reacts with reduced thiols (sulfhydryl groups, -SH) at pH 6.5 to 7.5 to form ... AZDye™ 568 Maleimide is water-soluble and its fluorescence is pH independent over a wide pH range. The brightness and ... Alexa Fluor 568 C5 Maleimide equivalent) is a very bright red-fluorescent dye used for labeling proteins and antibodies through ...
The maleimide group reacts with free thiol groups on biomolecules and surfaces, such as the hinge region of antibodies after ... ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide has been engineered to include many novel features. As illustrated in Figure 1, the molecules ... ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide incorporates UV-traceable biotin onto thiol containing proteins, peptides and/or antibodies. ... Figure 1. Molecular structure of ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide. Labeling of proteins with ChromaLINK Biotin eliminates the need ...
Atto 655-maleimide BioReagent, suitable for fluorescence, ≥90% (coupling rate); find Sigma-Aldrich-80661 MSDS, related peer- ...
Home / Products / Dojindo Products / Biotin-PEAC5-maleimide. Biotin-PEAC5-maleimide. £178.00. exc. VAT ...
Fatigue behaviour of open-hole carbon fibre/epoxy composites containing bis-maleimide based polymer blend interleaves as self- ... Fatigue behaviour of open-hole carbon fibre/epoxy composites containing bis-maleimide based polymer blend interleaves as self- ...
Hyaluronate Maleimide (HA-MAL) is a HA derivative with reactive maleimide groups. MAL selectively reacts with free thiol via ... The thiol group to react with HA-Maleimide needs to be in the form of free thiol, and often a reducing reagent agent DTT and ... The maleimide groups are conjugated to HA through an amide bond. Purity: ,95% powder. Degree of substitution (DoS): 5 mol %. HA ... 3. A Rapid Crosslinkable Maleimide-Modified Hyaluronic Acid and Gelatin Hydrogel Delivery System for Regenerative Applications ...
A biotechnology company located in the Research Triangle Park of North Carolina with a core business to innovate, manufacture and supply advanced PEG and biopolymer products.. ...
Thiol reactive maleimide, water soluble cyanine dye for Cy5 channel. ... A water soluble, hydrophilic sulfo-Cyanine5 maleimide (Cy5® maleimide analog). We recommend this product for protein labeling, ... including labeling of antibodies as a perfect replacement for Cy5® maleimide. Labeled proteins can be easily separated from ...
Home / Heterobifunctional PEGs / Mal-NH-PEGn-CH2CH2COOH / Maleimide-NH-PEG14-CH2CH2COOH. .content-area{ width:100% !important ...
TCO-PEG6-amido maleimide formule: C30H49N3O11 purity: ≥95%. 3000+ high purity PEG Linkers in stock. Support custom synthesis. ... HomePolyethylene Glycol PEG LinkersTCO PEGTCO-PEG-Maleimide TCO-PEG6-amido maleimide. Previous product ... The maleimide group specifically and efficiently reacts with thiols (sulfhydryl groups, -SH) at pH 6.5 to 7.5 to form stable ... TCO-PEG6-amido maleimide enables simple and efficient tagging of TCO moiety onto thiol containing antibodies, cysteine- ...
Click Here for a Downloadable PDF of This Review! This review discusses Quanta BioDesigns maleimide crosslinker products - ...
1. iFluor™ 750 maleimide stock solution (Solution B). Add anhydrous DMSO into the vial of iFluor™ 750 maleimide to make a 10 mM ... iFluor® 450 maleimide. 451. 502. 400001. 0.821. 0.45. 0.27. iFluor® 750 Styramide *Superior Replacement for Alexa Fluor 750 ... If DTT is used you must remove free DTT by dialysis or gel filtration before conjugating a dye maleimide to your protein. ... The iFluor® 750 maleimide is reasonably stable and shows good reactivity and selectivity with the thiol group. ...
Quanta BioDesign offers numerous maleimide crosslinker products based on dPEG® technology. Read this post to learn why we call ... amine thiol crosslinkingcrosslinkersdiscrete PEGdPEGMAL PEGMAL PEG NHSmaleimidemaleimide PEGmaleimide thiol reactionNHS ester ... Amine-Reactive Maleimide Crosslinker Products. Acid-Functionalized Maleimide Crosslinker Products. Figure 1: General structure ... Conversely, if the maleimide can be reacted first, it may be possible to use a TFP ester provided that the maleimide-thiol ...
Maleimide NHS Ester (SMCC) is a dual reactive crosslinker that reacts, first, with an amine-containing target and, subsequently ...
AZDye 488 Maleimide (Alexa Fluor® 488 equivalent) is a green fluorescent, water-soluble label used for labeling thiol- ... AZDye 532 MaleimideAZDye 555 MaleimideAZDye 568 MaleimideAZDye 594 MaleimideAZDye 647 MaleimideCy5.5 MaleimideCy3 MaleimideCy5 ... AZDye™ 488 Maleimide is a green-fluorescent, water-soluble dye with pH insensitive emission from pH 4 to pH 10. This dye is ... Maleimide is the most popular sulfhydryl-reactive reactive group for conjugating the dye to either a thiol group on a protein, ...
By JenKem Technology USA,2018-03-26T15:10:52-06:00March 26th, 2018,Comments Off on MPEG2 Lysine Maleimide ...
Be the first to review "Maleimide-DTPA" Cancel reply. You must be logged in to post a comment. ...
SiChem synthesizes very pure PEG compounds
Aurora™ Fluor 647 Maleimide 5mg. crb7008005k. 5mg Aurora™ Fluor 647 Maleimide 5mg quantity. ...
2-Methyl-maleimide (Me,H maleimide), 2,3-dimethyl-maleimide (Me,Me maleimide), 2-methyl-3-vinyl-maleimide (Me,vinyl maleimide ... Naturally occurring maleimides (i.e. "free" maleimides) and maleimides obtained after chromic acid oxidationof sediment ... 2-methyl-3-ethyl-maleimide (Me,Etmaleimide) and traces of 2-methyl-3-iso-butyl-maleimide (Me,i-Bu maleimide) occurred naturally ... 2-Methyl-3-n-propyl-maleimide (Me,n-Pr maleimide) and Me,i-Bumaleimide arising from bacteriochlorophyllrelated pigments traced ...
BG-Maleimide Close BG-PEG-NH2 Close CLIP-Biotin Close CLIP-Cell™ 505 Close CLIP-Cell™ TMR-Star Close CLIP-Surface™ 488 Close ... BG-Maleimide Close BG-PEG-NH2 Close CLIP-Biotin Close CLIP-Cell™ 505 Close CLIP-Cell™ TMR-Star Close CLIP-Surface™ 488 Close ...
The structures of the molecules differ with respect to substitution of the thiophene ring and the maleimide. The experiments ... The dynamics of the ring-closure reaction of three different bis(thiophen-3-yl)maleimides are investigated using ultrafast ...
... en. dc.type. Journal article. en ... Guanidinoneomycin-Maleimide Molecular Transporter : Synthesis, Chemistry and Cellular Uptake. dc.contributor.author. Hadidi, ... Guanidinoneomycin-Maleimide Molecular Transporter : Synthesis, Chemistry and Cellular Uptake , Organic & Biomolecular ...
  • Bismaleimides are a class of compounds with two maleimide groups connected by the nitrogen atoms via a linker, and are used as crosslinking reagents in thermoset polymer chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Compounds containing a maleimide group linked with another reactive group, such as an activated N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, are called maleimide heterobifunctional reagents (for example, see SMCC reagent). (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to exceptionally fast reaction rates and significantly high selectivity towards cysteine residues in proteins, a large variety of maleimide heterobifunctional reagents are used for the preparation of targeted therapeutics, assemblies for studying proteins in their biological context, protein-based microarrays, or proteins immobilisation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several reducing and maleimide reagents were investigated to aid in quantification of total Hcy (tHcy). (cdc.gov)
  • Maleimide-functionalised polymers and liposomes exhibit enhanced ability to adhere to mucosal surfaces (mucoadhesion) due to the reactions with thiol-containing mucins. (wikipedia.org)
  • DABCYL C2 maleimide is an excellent thiol-reactive building block for developing DABCYL-based FRET probes. (anaspec.com)
  • Maleimide is the most popular sulfhydryl-reactive reactive group for conjugating the dye to a thiol group on a protein, oligonucleotide thiophosphate, or low molecular weight ligand. (vectorlabs.com)
  • The maleimide group reacts with free thiol groups on biomolecules and surfaces, such as the hinge region of antibodies after mild reduction of sulfhydryl groups with TCEP or DTT. (vectorlabs.com)
  • ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide incorporates UV-traceable biotin onto thiol containing proteins, peptides and/or antibodies. (vectorlabs.com)
  • The thiol group to react with HA-Maleimide needs to be in the form of free thiol, and often a reducing reagent agent DTT and preferably TCEP (without the need to remove excessive TCEP) is used to enhance the thiol reactivity. (creativepegworks.com)
  • TCO-PEG6-amido maleimide enables simple and efficient tagging of TCO moiety onto thiol containing antibodies, cysteine-containing peptides and other thiol-containing biomolecules. (axispharm.com)
  • The iFluor® 750 maleimide is reasonably stable and shows good reactivity and selectivity with the thiol group. (aatbio.com)
  • Maleimide NHS Ester (SMCC) is a dual reactive crosslinker that reacts, first, with an amine-containing target and, subsequently, a free thiol at neutral pH. (glenresearch.com)
  • CytoGroup 100nm Maleimide-Activated Gold Nanoparticle Conjugation Kit have been optimized for high efficiency one-step conjugation of thiol-containing ligands to gold nanoparticles. (cytogroup.com)
  • The thiol-organosilica NPs retain fluorescent dye maleimide very well. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, rhodamine B-doped thiol-organosilica NPs show higher fluorescence than thiol-organosilica NPs prepared with rhodamine red maleimide. (nih.gov)
  • The surface of thiol-organosilica NPs contains exposed thiol residues, allowing the covalent attachment of fluorescent dye maleimide and protein maleimide. (nih.gov)
  • A special feature of the reactivity of maleimides is their susceptibility to additions across the double bond either by Michael additions or via Diels-Alder reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • AZDye™ 568 Maleimide is water-soluble and its fluorescence is pH independent over a wide pH range. (vectorlabs.com)
  • A water soluble, hydrophilic sulfo-Cyanine5 maleimide (Cy5® maleimide analog). (lumiprobe.com)
  • AZDye™ 488 Maleimide is a green-fluorescent, water-soluble dye with pH insensitive emission from pH 4 to pH 10. (clickchemistrytools.com)
  • The maleimide group specifically and efficiently reacts with reduced thiols (sulfhydryl groups, -SH) at pH 6.5 to 7.5 to form stable thioether bond. (vectorlabs.com)
  • The maleimide functional group reacts selectively with free thiols below pH 7.5. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • However, at pH 7.5 and above, the maleimide double bond reacts competitively with free amines (for example, lysine side chains) and free thiols. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • This mini kit contains 10 individual reaction vials with lyophilized Maleimide-activated gold nanoparticles for performing ten independent conjugation reactions. (cytogroup.com)
  • This MIDI kit contains 1 vial with lyophilized maleimide-activated gold nanoparticles for performing one independent scale-up conjugation reaction. (cytodiagnostics.com)
  • This review discusses Quanta BioDesign's maleimide crosslinker products - what they do and when you might want to use them. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Our discrete maleimide PEG crosslinker products are consistently our best-selling products. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • If you are already familiar with maleimide chemistry, please read on and discover why we call our maleimide crosslinker products marvelous. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • General structure of Quanta BioDesign's MAL-dPEG ® n -TFP ester maleimide crosslinker products. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • 3. A Rapid Crosslinkable Maleimide-Modified Hyaluronic Acid and Gelatin Hydrogel Delivery System for Regenerative Applications, Gels, 2021, 7(1), 13, Text . (creativepegworks.com)
  • Simply mix your protein with the pre-activated maleimide gold nanoparticles supplied in the kit. (cytogroup.com)
  • For instance, emerging promising targeted drug therapies, antibody-drug conjugates, are constituted of three main components: a monoclonal antibody, a cytotoxic drug, and a linker molecule often containing a maleimide group, which binds the drug and the antibody. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maleimide and its derivatives are prepared from maleic anhydride by treatment with amines followed by dehydration. (wikipedia.org)
  • Styrene-Maleimide/Maleic Anhydride Alternating Copolymers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alternating sequencing of styrene -maleimide/ maleic anhydride (S-MI/MA) in the copolymer chain is known for a long time . (bvsalud.org)
  • The extended PEG3 linker preserves biotin/streptavidin affinity and maintains protein solubility after modification while the maleimide functional group (d), efficiently modifies thiols in aqueous buffers. (vectorlabs.com)
  • We recommend this product for protein labeling, including labeling of antibodies as a perfect replacement for Cy5® maleimide. (lumiprobe.com)
  • If DTT is used you must remove free DTT by dialysis or gel filtration before conjugating a dye maleimide to your protein. (aatbio.com)
  • HA-MAL derivatives with lower or higher maleimide substitution ratio (e.g. 1% and 10%) may be offered through custom synthesis service. (creativepegworks.com)
  • Pierce Maleimide Activated Plates provide covalent attachment (plate capture) of sulfhydryl-containing molecules, such as cysteine-terminated peptides. (fishersci.com)
  • Maleimides linked to polyethylene glycol chains are often used as flexible linking molecules to attach proteins to surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
  • IRDye 680LT Maleimide is used to label molecules with free sulfhydryl groups, such as cysteine residues in proteins, at physiological pH. (licor.com)
  • Maleimides (transformation products of chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls) were studied in recent sediments from the Swiss lake Rotsee and the Romanian Black Sea Shelf to investigate chlorophyll degradation, the role of oxygen inmaleimide formation, and to identify their sources. (edu.au)
  • AZDye™ 568 Maleimide is a bright, and highly photostable, orange-fluorescent probe optimally excited by the 568 nm laser line on the Ar-Kr mixed-gas laser. (vectorlabs.com)
  • Use IRDye 750 Maleimide to label free sulfhydryl groups for flow cytometry, microscopy, or other applications. (licor.com)
  • If you are not familiar with maleimide chemistry, we encourage you to visit our page on maleimide reaction chemistry to familiarize yourself with how maleimides work. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • The dynamics of the ring-closure reaction of three different bis(thiophen-3-yl)maleimides are investigated using ultrafast spectroscopy in the visible range. (cipsm.de)
  • Leaving the acid end unmodified after conjugating the maleimide moiety alters the conjugate's surface charge. (quantabiodesign.com)
  • Maleimides also describes a class of derivatives of the parent maleimide where the NH group is replaced with alkyl or aryl groups such as a methyl or phenyl, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Maleimides (1H-Pyrrole-2,5-diones) are monopyrrolic pigment derivatives with specific alkyl side chains that can be directly linked to their tetrapyrrole precursors, most notably chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. (edu.au)
  • Novel maleimide degradation indices are proposed to estimate the degree ofOMdegradation (OM freshness/degradability). (edu.au)
  • Maleimide-mediated methodologies are among the most used in bioconjugation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mono- and bismaleimide-based polymers are used for high temperature applications up to 250 °C (480 °F). Maleimides linked to rubber chains are often used as flexible linking molecules to reinforce rubber in tires. (wikipedia.org)
  • The structures of the molecules differ with respect to substitution of the thiophene ring and the maleimide. (cipsm.de)
  • Thermo Scientific™ Pierce Maleimide Activated Plates are ideal for binding sulfhydryl-containing molecules that are difficult to coat onto polystyrene plates, such as peptides that contain a terminal cysteine. (fishersci.com)
  • Add anhydrous DMSO into the vial of iFluor™ 750 maleimide to make a 10 mM stock solution. (aatbio.com)
  • Maleimide Activated Plates are available in clear for colorimetric assays, white for chemiluminescent assays and black for fluorescent assays. (fishersci.com)
  • A new method for the rapid analysis of 1H-Pyrrole-2,5-diones (maleimides) in environmental samples by two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (edu.au)
  • Naturally occurring maleimides (i.e. "free" maleimides) and maleimides obtained after chromic acid oxidationof sediment extracts (i.e. "bound" maleimides) were analysed. (edu.au)
  • Superimposed spectra of BSA biotinylated using ChromaLINK Biotin Maleimide. (vectorlabs.com)
  • Hyaluronate Maleimide (HA-MAL) is a HA derivative with reactive maleimide groups. (creativepegworks.com)
  • The maleimide groups are conjugated to HA through an amide bond. (creativepegworks.com)
  • An analog without sulfo groups, Cyanine5 maleimide , is also available. (lumiprobe.com)
  • Some other minor maleimides with specific alkylation pattern also originate from bacteriochlorophylls, while the source of others could not be identified. (edu.au)
  • Maleimide is a chemical compound with the formula H2C2(CO)2NH (see diagram). (wikipedia.org)
  • Tetrapyrrolic pigments related to chlorophylls were the main source of maleimides, although variable contributions of other sources such as cytochromes and/or phycobilins cannot be completely ruled out.The predominantMe,Et maleimide and Me,vinylmaleimide most likely originate mainly from chlorophyll a related pigments. (edu.au)