Maxillary diseases refer to various medical conditions primarily affecting the maxilla (upper jaw) bone, including inflammatory processes, tumors, cysts, or traumatic injuries, which may cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, or functional impairment.
The air space located in the body of the MAXILLARY BONE near each cheek. Each maxillary sinus communicates with the middle passage (meatus) of the NASAL CAVITY on the same side.
One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.
Tumors or cancer of the MAXILLARY SINUS. They represent the majority of paranasal neoplasms.
The intermediate sensory division of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The maxillary nerve carries general afferents from the intermediate region of the face including the lower eyelid, nose and upper lip, the maxillary teeth, and parts of the dura.
A branch of the external carotid artery which distributes to the deep structures of the face (internal maxillary) and to the side of the face and nose (external maxillary).
Cancer or tumors of the MAXILLA or upper jaw.
Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)
An orthodontic method used for correcting narrow or collapsed maxillary arches and functional cross-bite. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry),
The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)
The curve formed by the row of TEETH in their normal position in the JAW. The inferior dental arch is formed by the mandibular teeth, and the superior dental arch by the maxillary teeth.
The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)
A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures.
The measurement of the dimensions of the HEAD.
An abnormality in the direction of a TOOTH ERUPTION.
One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)
The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.
Orthodontic techniques used to correct the malposition of a single tooth.
Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.
The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)
Malocclusion in which the mandible is anterior to the maxilla as reflected by the first relationship of the first permanent molar (mesioclusion).
Measurement of tooth characteristics.
Presentation devices used for patient education and technique training in dentistry.
The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)
The structure that forms the roof of the mouth. It consists of the anterior hard palate (PALATE, HARD) and the posterior soft palate (PALATE, SOFT).
The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.
A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.
Such malposition and contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth as to interfere with the highest efficiency during the excursive movements of the jaw that are essential for mastication. (Jablonski, Illustrated Dictionary of Dentistry, 1982)
Devices used for influencing tooth position. Orthodontic appliances may be classified as fixed or removable, active or retaining, and intraoral or extraoral. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p19)
Surgery of the upper jaw bone usually performed to correct upper and lower jaw misalignment.
The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.
Extraoral devices for applying force to the dentition in order to avoid some of the problems in anchorage control met with in intermaxillary traction and to apply force in directions not otherwise possible.
Fractures of the upper jaw.
The facial skeleton, consisting of bones situated between the cranial base and the mandibular region. While some consider the facial bones to comprise the hyoid (HYOID BONE), palatine (HARD PALATE), and zygomatic (ZYGOMA) bones, MANDIBLE, and MAXILLA, others include also the lacrimal and nasal bones, inferior nasal concha, and vomer but exclude the hyoid bone. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p113)
The process of growth and differentiation of the jaws and face.
The anteriorly located rigid section of the PALATE.
The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A complete denture replacing all the natural maxillary teeth and associated maxillary structures. It is completely supported by the oral tissue and underlying maxillary bone.
Malocclusion in which the mandible is posterior to the maxilla as reflected by the relationship of the first permanent molar (distoclusion).
The tip or terminal end of the root of a tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p62)
Extraoral body-section radiography depicting an entire maxilla, or both maxilla and mandible, on a single film.
The space in a tooth bounded by the dentin and containing the dental pulp. The portion of the cavity within the crown of the tooth is the pulp chamber; the portion within the root is the pulp canal or root canal.
The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
The length of the face determined by the distance of separation of jaws. Occlusal vertical dimension (OVD or VDO) or contact vertical dimension is the lower face height with the teeth in centric occlusion. Rest vertical dimension (VDR) is the lower face height measured from a chin point to a point just below the nose, with the mandible in rest position. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p250)
The phase of orthodontics concerned with the correction of malocclusion with proper appliances and prevention of its sequelae (Jablonski's Illus. Dictionary of Dentistry).
The complement of teeth in the jaws after the eruption of some of the permanent teeth but before all the deciduous teeth are absent. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)
Orthodontic appliances, fixed or removable, used to maintain teeth in corrected positions during the period of functional adaptation following corrective treatment. These appliances are also used to maintain the positions of the teeth and jaws gained by orthodontic procedures. (From Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p263)
The total absence of teeth from either the mandible or the maxilla, but not both. Total absence of teeth from both is MOUTH, EDENTULOUS. Partial absence of teeth in either is JAW, EDENTULOUS, PARTIALLY.
Attachment of orthodontic devices and materials to the MOUTH area for support and to provide a counterforce to orthodontic forces.
Transverse sectioning and repositioning of the maxilla. There are three types: Le Fort I osteotomy for maxillary advancement or the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort II osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures; Le Fort III osteotomy for the treatment of maxillary fractures with fracture of one or more facial bones. Le Fort III is often used also to correct craniofacial dysostosis and related facial abnormalities. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1203 & p662)
Either of a pair of bones that form the prominent part of the CHEEK and contribute to the ORBIT on each side of the SKULL.
Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Midfacial complications of prolonged cocaine snorting. (1/119)

Acute and chronic ingestion of cocaine predisposes the abuser to a wide range of local and systemic complications. This article describes the case of a 38-year-old man whose chronic cocaine snorting resulted in the erosion of the midfacial anatomy and recurrent sinus infections. Previously published case reports specific to this problem are presented, as are the oral, systemic and behavioural effects of cocaine abuse.  (+info)

Ameloblastic fibroma of the anterior maxilla presenting as a complication of tooth eruption: a case report. (2/119)

Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare mixed odontogenic tumour, which is extremely uncommon in the anterior maxillary region. A case report is presented where failure of eruption of an upper central incisor was the presenting feature.  (+info)

Outcomes of implant prosthodontic treatment in older adults. (3/119)

Older adults are expected to account for an increasingly disproportionate number of individuals needing oral implant prostheses. However, this biotechnology was initially studied for predominantly middle-aged edentulous patients, not elderly people. High rates of success and minimal crestal bone loss have been reported for oral implants mainly in this group. The results of studies at the University of Toronto now clearly support earlier reports that older adults respond to oral implants in the same manner as younger adults, despite their tendency for systemic illness, including osteoporosis. However, unfavourable jawbone quantity and quality, particularly atrophy of the maxilla, impaired implant success. Furthermore, placement of implants in sites that had been edentulous for shorter periods was associated with greater crestal bone loss, a finding that may have implications for younger adults undergoing such treatment. The major decision-making challenge in managing depleted dentitions and complete edentulism in an aging society now lies in differentiating the treatment outcomes, especially patient-mediated assessments (including economic analyses), of the various prosthodontic options available for older adults.  (+info)

Periodontal bacteria in rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses. (4/119)

Despite the high incidence of odontogenic abscesses in pet rabbits, published data on the bacteriology of these infections are lacking, and clinical cultures are often ambiguous, making antibiotic choices difficult. In order to define the bacteriology of these infections, 12 rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. All specimens yielded pathogenic bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella heparinolytica, Prevotella spp., Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus milleri group, Actinomyces israelii, and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. These organisms are consistent with the characterized bacteriology of periodontal disease in human and other mammalian studies. The isolates were tested against 10 antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat rabbits; 100% of the strains tested were susceptible to clindamycin, 96% were susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone, 54% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and only 7% were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.  (+info)

Odontogenic cysts. Analysis of 856 cases. (5/119)

Odontogenic cysts (OC) are one of the main causes of jaw destruction. Information about these lesions in the Mexican population is scant. And for this reason the purpose of this work is to describe the frequency of the different varieties of OC recorded in two oral pathology services in Mexico City. As well as to compare the findings with those previously reported in other studies and to analyze the association of these lesions with the gender of the affected patients and the type of oral pathology service. There were a total of 856 OC; of these, 449 (52.5%) occurred in men, 403 in women (47%), and in 4 cases (0.5%) gender was not stated. There were 8 out of the 10 different types of OC recognized by the WHO. The most frequently diagnosed OC were radicular cyst (342 cases), dentigerous cyst (283 cases) and odontogenic keratocyst (184 cases). Together, these three entities represented 94.5% of all OC. Both the gender and the type of oral pathology service showed a significant association with radicular and dentigerous cysts (p<0.01). The knowledge of the origin, clinico-pathological features and the biological behavior of these lesions are basic aspects to achieve an early diagnosis and a proper treatment.  (+info)

Invasive maxillary aspergillosis: report of a case and review of the literature. (6/119)

A case of invasive aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus in an immunocompromised patient is presented. Aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses is uncommon, however, its incidence has shown a marked increase in number in the recent years. It has been classified into four types: allergic, noninvasive, invasive and fulminant. Immunocompromised patients are particularly at the risk of fulminant invasive aspergillosis. Early diagnosis is essential in order to avoid the high morbidity and mortality associated with the destructive disease and to instigate treatment before irreversible conditions arise.  (+info)

Peripheral giant-cell granuloma. Review of 13 cases. (7/119)

Peripheral giant-cell granuloma is an infrequent exophytic lesion of the oral cavity, also known as giant-cell epulis, osteoclastoma, giant-cell reparative granuloma, or giant-cell hyperplasia. The present study reports 13 cases on patients that visited the Oral Medicine department of the Dental Faculty in the Santiago de Compostela University. We report the location, size, course and treatment of each lesion, comparing the results obtained to those reported in the literature. We discuss differential diagnosis with respect to other entities, in particular brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism, cherubism, and aneurysmal bone cyst, all of which show very similar histological appearance to peripheral giant-cell granuloma.  (+info)

Tuberous sclerosis: presentation of a clinical case with oral manifestations. (8/119)

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple body systems, and resulting from alterations in cell differentiation and proliferation. The disease is characterized by the development of benign hamartomatous tumors: neurofibromas and angiofibromas, located in the skin, central nervous system, mucosas and other organs. Abnormal neural cell migration plays an important role in the neurological dysfunctions found in TS, the predominant features being mental retardation, seizures and behavioral disorders. The condition is produced by mutations in genes TSC1 of chromosome 9q34 and TSC2 of chromosome 16p13.3, and exhibits a dominant autosomal hereditary trait--though 60-70% of cases are sporadic and represent new mutations. The phenotype is highly variable. The prevalence of TS varies between 1/6000 and 1/10,000 live births. The present study reports the case of a 21-year-old male with TS and oral manifestations of the disease. The clinical characteristics are described, along with the diagnostic criteria and the management strategies, with a review of the literature on the disease.  (+info)

Maxillary diseases refer to conditions that affect the maxilla, which is the upper bone of the jaw. This bone plays an essential role in functions such as biting, chewing, and speaking, and also forms the upper part of the oral cavity, houses the upper teeth, and supports the nose and the eyes.

Maxillary diseases can be caused by various factors, including infections, trauma, tumors, congenital abnormalities, or systemic conditions. Some common maxillary diseases include:

1. Maxillary sinusitis: Inflammation of the maxillary sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the maxilla, can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and headaches.
2. Periodontal disease: Infection and inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth, including the gums and the alveolar bone (which is part of the maxilla), can lead to tooth loss and other complications.
3. Maxillary fractures: Trauma to the face can result in fractures of the maxilla, which can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty breathing or speaking.
4. Maxillary cysts and tumors: Abnormal growths in the maxilla can be benign or malignant and may require surgical intervention.
5. Oral cancer: Cancerous lesions in the oral cavity, including the maxilla, can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing or speaking.

Treatment for maxillary diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include antibiotics, surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices can help prevent many maxillary diseases.

The maxillary sinuses, also known as the antrums of Highmore, are the largest of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses located in the maxilla bones. They are air-filled cavities that surround the nasolacrimal duct and are situated superior to the upper teeth and lateral to the nasal cavity. Each maxillary sinus is lined with a mucous membrane, which helps to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. Inflammation or infection of the maxillary sinuses can result in conditions such as sinusitis, leading to symptoms like facial pain, headaches, and nasal congestion.

The maxilla is a paired bone that forms the upper jaw in vertebrates. In humans, it is a major bone in the face and plays several important roles in the craniofacial complex. Each maxilla consists of a body and four processes: frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process, and palatine process.

The maxillae contribute to the formation of the eye sockets (orbits), nasal cavity, and the hard palate of the mouth. They also contain the upper teeth sockets (alveoli) and help form the lower part of the orbit and the cheekbones (zygomatic arches).

Here's a quick rundown of its key functions:

1. Supports the upper teeth and forms the upper jaw.
2. Contributes to the formation of the eye sockets, nasal cavity, and hard palate.
3. Helps shape the lower part of the orbit and cheekbones.
4. Partakes in the creation of important sinuses, such as the maxillary sinus, which is located within the body of the maxilla.

Maxillary sinusitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation or infection of the maxillary sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located in the upper part of the cheekbones. These sinuses are lined with mucous membranes that produce mucus to help filter and humidify the air we breathe.

When the maxillary sinuses become inflamed or infected, they can fill with fluid and pus, leading to symptoms such as:

* Pain or pressure in the cheeks, upper teeth, or behind the eyes
* Nasal congestion or stuffiness
* Runny nose or postnasal drip
* Reduced sense of smell or taste
* Headache or facial pain
* Fatigue or fever (in cases of bacterial infection)

Maxillary sinusitis can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or fungi, and may also result from allergies, structural abnormalities, or exposure to environmental irritants such as smoke or pollution. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms with over-the-counter remedies or prescription medications, such as decongestants, antihistamines, or antibiotics. In some cases, more invasive treatments such as sinus surgery may be necessary.

Maxillary sinus neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the maxillary sinuses, which are located in the upper part of your cheekbones, below your eyes. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms may include conditions such as an osteoma (a benign bone tumor), a papilloma (a benign growth of the lining of the sinus), or a fibrous dysplasia (a condition where bone is replaced by fibrous tissue).

Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, can be primary (originating in the maxillary sinuses) or secondary (spreading to the maxillary sinuses from another site in the body). Common types of malignant tumors that arise in the maxillary sinus include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Symptoms of maxillary sinus neoplasms may include nasal congestion, nosebleeds, facial pain or numbness, vision changes, and difficulty swallowing or speaking. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

The maxillary nerve, also known as the second division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V2), is a primary sensory nerve that provides innervation to the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, part of the cheek, upper lip, and roof of the mouth. It also supplies sensory fibers to the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate, and upper teeth. Furthermore, it contributes motor innervation to the muscles involved in chewing (muscles of mastication), specifically the tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani. The maxillary nerve originates from the trigeminal ganglion and passes through the foramen rotundum in the skull before reaching its target areas.

The maxillary artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies the deep structures of the face and head. It originates from the external carotid artery just below the neck of the mandible and passes laterally to enter the parotid gland. Within the gland, it gives off several branches, including the deep auricular, anterior tympanic, and middle meningeal arteries.

After leaving the parotid gland, the maxillary artery travels through the infratemporal fossa, where it gives off several more branches, including the inferior alveolar, buccinator, and masseteric arteries. These vessels supply blood to the teeth, gums, and muscles of mastication.

The maxillary artery also gives off the sphenopalatine artery, which supplies the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and palate. Additionally, it provides branches that supply the meninges, dura mater, and brain. Overall, the maxillary artery plays a critical role in providing blood flow to many structures in the head and neck region.

Maxillary neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the maxilla, which is the upper jaw bone. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant sites.

Maxillary neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as swelling, pain, numbness, loose teeth, or difficulty in chewing or swallowing. They may also cause nasal congestion, nosebleeds, or visual changes if they affect the eye or orbit. The diagnosis of maxillary neoplasms usually involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans, and biopsy to determine the type and extent of the tumor.

Treatment options for maxillary neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and preferences. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis and ensure optimal outcomes.

An incisor is a type of tooth that is primarily designed for biting off food pieces rather than chewing or grinding. They are typically chisel-shaped, flat, and have a sharp cutting edge. In humans, there are eight incisors - four on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw, located at the front of the mouth. Other animals such as dogs, cats, and rodents also have incisors that they use for different purposes like tearing or gnawing.

Palatal expansion technique is a dental or orthodontic treatment procedure that aims to widen the upper jaw (maxilla) by expanding the palate. This is typically done using a device called a palatal expander, which is attached to the upper molars and applies pressure to gradually separate the two bones that form the palate (the maxillary bones). As the appliance is activated (usually through turning a screw or key), it gently expands the palatal suture, allowing for an increase in the width of the upper dental arch. This procedure can help correct crossbites, crowding, and other jaw alignment issues. It's commonly used in children and adolescents but may also be employed in adults with certain conditions.

A cuspid, also known as a canine tooth or cuspid tooth, is a type of tooth in mammals. It is the pointiest tooth in the dental arch and is located between the incisors and bicuspids (or premolars). Cuspids have a single cusp or pointed tip that is used for tearing and grasping food. In humans, there are four cuspids, two on the upper jaw and two on the lower jaw, one on each side of the dental arch.

The dental arch refers to the curved shape formed by the upper or lower teeth when they come together. The dental arch follows the curve of the jaw and is important for proper bite alignment and overall oral health. The dental arches are typically described as having a U-shaped appearance, with the front teeth forming a narrower section and the back teeth forming a wider section. The shape and size of the dental arch can vary from person to person, and any significant deviations from the typical shape or size may indicate an underlying orthodontic issue that requires treatment.

In the context of dentistry, a molar is a type of tooth found in the back of the mouth. They are larger and wider than other types of teeth, such as incisors or canines, and have a flat biting surface with multiple cusps. Molars are primarily used for grinding and chewing food into smaller pieces that are easier to swallow. Humans typically have twelve molars in total, including the four wisdom teeth.

In medical terminology outside of dentistry, "molar" can also refer to a unit of mass in the apothecaries' system of measurement, which is equivalent to 4.08 grams. However, this usage is less common and not related to dental or medical anatomy.

An impacted tooth is a condition where a tooth fails to erupt into the oral cavity within its expected time frame, resulting in its partial or complete entrapment within the jawbone or soft tissues. This commonly occurs with wisdom teeth (third molars) but can affect any tooth. Impacted teeth may cause problems such as infection, decay of adjacent teeth, gum disease, or cyst formation, and they may require surgical removal.

Cephalometry is a medical term that refers to the measurement and analysis of the skull, particularly the head face relations. It is commonly used in orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery to assess and plan treatment for abnormalities related to the teeth, jaws, and facial structures. The process typically involves taking X-ray images called cephalograms, which provide a lateral view of the head, and then using various landmarks and reference lines to make measurements and evaluate skeletal and dental relationships. This information can help clinicians diagnose problems, plan treatment, and assess treatment outcomes.

Ectopic tooth eruption is a condition where a tooth fails to erupt into its normal position in the dental arch. Instead, it emerupts in an abnormal location, such as in the wrong direction or through another tissue like the gums, palate, or jawbone. This can occur due to various reasons, including genetics, crowding of teeth, or trauma. Ectopic tooth eruption may cause problems with oral function and dental health, and treatment options depend on the severity and location of the ectopic tooth.

A bicuspid valve, also known as a mitral valve in the heart, is a heart valve that has two leaflets or cusps. It lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle and helps to regulate blood flow between these two chambers of the heart. In a healthy heart, the bicuspid valve opens to allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle and closes tightly to prevent blood from flowing back into the left atrium during contraction of the ventricle.

A congenital heart defect known as a bicuspid aortic valve occurs when the aortic valve, which normally has three leaflets or cusps, only has two. This can lead to narrowing of the valve (aortic stenosis) or leakage of the valve (aortic regurgitation), which can cause symptoms and may require medical treatment.

The mandible, also known as the lower jaw, is the largest and strongest bone in the human face. It forms the lower portion of the oral cavity and plays a crucial role in various functions such as mastication (chewing), speaking, and swallowing. The mandible is a U-shaped bone that consists of a horizontal part called the body and two vertical parts called rami.

The mandible articulates with the skull at the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) located in front of each ear, allowing for movements like opening and closing the mouth, protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement. The mandible contains the lower teeth sockets called alveolar processes, which hold the lower teeth in place.

In medical terminology, the term "mandible" refers specifically to this bone and its associated structures.

Tooth movement, in a dental and orthodontic context, refers to the physical change in position or alignment of one or more teeth within the jaw bone as a result of controlled forces applied through various orthodontic appliances such as braces, aligners, or other orthodontic devices. The purposeful manipulation of these forces encourages the periodontal ligament (the tissue that connects the tooth to the bone) to remodel, allowing the tooth to move gradually over time into the desired position. This process is crucial in achieving proper bite alignment, correcting malocclusions, and enhancing overall oral function and aesthetics.

Paranasal sinus diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the skull near the nasal cavity. These sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses.

Paranasal sinus diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, allergies, structural abnormalities, or autoimmune disorders. Some common paranasal sinus diseases include:

1. Sinusitis: Inflammation or infection of the sinuses, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, thick nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, and reduced sense of smell.
2. Nasal polyps: Soft, benign growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses, which can obstruct airflow and cause difficulty breathing through the nose.
3. Sinonasal tumors: Abnormal growths that can be benign or malignant, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and bleeding from the nose.
4. Sinus cysts: Fluid-filled sacs that form in the sinuses, which can cause symptoms similar to those of sinusitis.
5. Fungal sinusitis: Infection of the sinuses with fungi, which can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and thick, discolored mucus.

Treatment for paranasal sinus diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Treatment options may include medications, such as antibiotics, antihistamines, or corticosteroids, as well as surgical intervention in more severe cases.

A tooth crown is a type of dental restoration that covers the entire visible portion of a tooth, restoring its shape, size, and strength. It is typically made of materials like porcelain, ceramic, or metal alloys and is custom-made to fit over the prepared tooth. The tooth crown is cemented in place and becomes the new outer surface of the tooth, protecting it from further damage or decay.

The process of getting a tooth crown usually involves two dental appointments. During the first appointment, the dentist prepares the tooth by removing any decay or damaged tissue and shaping the tooth to accommodate the crown. An impression is then taken of the prepared tooth and sent to a dental laboratory where the crown is fabricated. In the meantime, a temporary crown is placed over the prepared tooth to protect it until the permanent crown is ready. At the second appointment, the temporary crown is removed, and the permanent crown is cemented in place.

Tooth crowns are often recommended for several reasons, including:

* To restore a broken or fractured tooth
* To protect a weakened tooth from further damage or decay
* To support a large filling when there isn't enough natural tooth structure left
* To cover a dental implant
* To improve the appearance of a discolored or misshapen tooth

Overall, a tooth crown is an effective and long-lasting solution for restoring damaged or decayed teeth and improving oral health.

Malocclusion, Angle Class III is a type of orthodontic problem characterized by a misalignment of the teeth and jaws. This classification was first described by Edward Angle, an American dentist who is considered the father of modern orthodontics. In Class III malocclusion, the lower jaw (mandible) protrudes forward beyond the upper jaw (maxilla), resulting in a misaligned bite.

In this condition, the lower front teeth are positioned in front of the upper front teeth when the jaws are closed. This can lead to various dental and skeletal problems, such as abnormal tooth wear, difficulty in chewing and speaking, and aesthetic concerns. Class III malocclusion can be mild, moderate, or severe and may require orthodontic treatment, including braces, appliances, or even surgery, to correct the problem.

Odontometry is a term used in dentistry that refers to the measurement of teeth, particularly the size and length of teeth or tooth roots. It is often used in forensic dentistry for identification purposes, such as in age estimation, sex determination, or individual identification of human remains. The measurements can be taken using various methods, including radiographs (x-rays), calipers, or specialized software.

In some contexts, odontometry may also refer to the process of measuring the amount of dental work required for a particular treatment plan, although this usage is less common.

Dental models are replicas of a patient's teeth and surrounding oral structures, used in dental practice and education. They are typically created using plaster or other materials that harden to accurately reproduce the shape and position of each tooth, as well as the contours of the gums and palate. Dental models may be used for a variety of purposes, including treatment planning, creating custom-fitted dental appliances, and teaching dental students about oral anatomy and various dental procedures. They provide a tactile and visual representation that can aid in understanding and communication between dentists, patients, and other dental professionals.

A tooth root is the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jawbone and cannot be seen when looking at a person's smile. It is the lower portion of a tooth that typically has a conical shape and anchors the tooth to the jawbone through a periodontal ligament. The tooth root is covered by cementum, a specialized bone-like tissue, and contains nerve endings and blood vessels within its pulp chamber.

The number of roots in a tooth can vary depending on the type of tooth. For example, incisors typically have one root, canines may have one or two roots, premolars usually have one or two roots, and molars often have two to four roots. The primary function of the tooth root is to provide stability and support for the crown of the tooth, allowing it to withstand the forces of biting and chewing.

The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals, separating the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. It consists of two portions: the anterior hard palate, which is composed of bone, and the posterior soft palate, which is composed of muscle and connective tissue. The palate plays a crucial role in speech, swallowing, and breathing, as it helps to direct food and air to their appropriate locations during these activities.

The alveolar process is the curved part of the jawbone (mandible or maxilla) that contains sockets or hollow spaces (alveoli) for the teeth to be embedded. These processes are covered with a specialized mucous membrane called the gingiva, which forms a tight seal around the teeth to help protect the periodontal tissues and maintain oral health.

The alveolar process is composed of both compact and spongy bone tissue. The compact bone forms the outer layer, while the spongy bone is found inside the alveoli and provides support for the teeth. When a tooth is lost or extracted, the alveolar process begins to resorb over time due to the lack of mechanical stimulation from the tooth's chewing forces. This can lead to changes in the shape and size of the jawbone, which may require bone grafting procedures before dental implant placement.

A tooth is classified as "unerupted" when it has not yet penetrated through the gums and entered the oral cavity. This can apply to both primary (baby) teeth and permanent (adult) teeth. The reasons for a tooth's failure to erupt can vary, including crowding of teeth, lack of sufficient space, or anatomical barriers such as bone or soft tissue. In some cases, unerupted teeth may need to be monitored or treated, depending on the specific situation and any symptoms experienced by the individual.

Malocclusion is a term used in dentistry and orthodontics to describe a misalignment or misrelation between the upper and lower teeth when they come together, also known as the bite. It is derived from the Latin words "mal" meaning bad or wrong, and "occludere" meaning to close.

There are different types of malocclusions, including:

1. Class I malocclusion: The most common type, where the upper teeth slightly overlap the lower teeth, but the bite is otherwise aligned.
2. Class II malocclusion (overbite): The upper teeth significantly overlap the lower teeth, causing a horizontal or vertical discrepancy between the dental arches.
3. Class III malocclusion (underbite): The lower teeth protrude beyond the upper teeth, resulting in a crossbite or underbite.

Malocclusions can be caused by various factors such as genetics, thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, premature loss of primary or permanent teeth, and jaw injuries or disorders. They may lead to several oral health issues, including tooth decay, gum disease, difficulty chewing or speaking, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Treatment for malocclusions typically involves orthodontic appliances like braces, aligners, or retainers to realign the teeth and correct the bite. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.

Orthodontic appliances are devices used in orthodontics, a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. These appliances can be fixed or removable and are used to align teeth, correct jaw relationships, or modify dental forces. They can include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, space maintainers, and headgear, among others. The specific type of appliance used depends on the individual patient's needs and the treatment plan developed by the orthodontist.

A maxillary osteotomy is a surgical procedure that involves making cuts in the bone of the upper jaw (maxilla). This type of surgery may be performed for various reasons, such as to correct jaw deformities, realign the jaws, or treat sleep apnea. In some cases, it may also be done in conjunction with other procedures, such as a genioplasty (chin surgery) or rhinoplasty (nose surgery).

During a maxillary osteotomy, an incision is made inside the mouth, and the surgeon carefully cuts through the bone of the upper jaw. The maxilla is then repositioned as needed and held in place with small plates and screws. In some cases, bone grafts may also be used to help support the new position of the jaw. After the surgery, the incision is closed with stitches.

It's important to note that a maxillary osteotomy is a complex surgical procedure that requires careful planning and execution. It should only be performed by an experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeon or craniofacial surgeon. As with any surgery, there are risks involved, including infection, bleeding, and reactions to anesthesia. It's important to discuss these risks with your surgeon and to follow all post-operative instructions carefully to help ensure a successful recovery.

Orthodontic appliance design refers to the creation and development of medical devices used in orthodontics, which is a branch of dentistry focused on the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of dental and facial irregularities. The design process involves creating a customized treatment plan for each patient, based on their specific needs and goals.

Orthodontic appliances can be removable or fixed and are used to move teeth into proper alignment, improve jaw function, and enhance the overall appearance of the smile. Some common types of orthodontic appliances include braces, aligners, palatal expanders, and retainers.

The design of an orthodontic appliance typically involves several factors, including:

1. The specific dental or facial problem being addressed
2. The patient's age, overall health, and oral hygiene habits
3. The patient's lifestyle and personal preferences
4. The estimated treatment time and cost
5. The potential risks and benefits of the appliance

Orthodontic appliance design is a complex process that requires a thorough understanding of dental anatomy, biomechanics, and materials science. It is typically performed by an orthodontist or a dental technician with specialized training in this area. The goal of orthodontic appliance design is to create a device that is both effective and comfortable for the patient, while also ensuring that it is safe and easy to use.

Extraoral traction appliances are orthodontic devices used to correct significant dental and skeletal discrepancies, typically in cases of severe malocclusion. These appliances are worn externally on the face or head, and they work by applying gentle force to the teeth and jaws to guide them into proper alignment.

Extraoral traction appliances can be used to treat a variety of orthodontic problems, including:

* Protruding front teeth (overjet)
* Severe crowding or spacing
* Class II or Class III malocclusions (where the upper and lower jaws do not align properly)
* Jaw growth abnormalities

There are several types of extraoral traction appliances, including:

1. **Headgear:** This is the most common type of extraoral appliance. It consists of a metal frame that attaches to braces on the back teeth and a strap that fits around the head or neck. The strap applies pressure to the teeth and jaws, helping to correct alignment issues.
2. **Facemask:** A facemask is used to treat Class III malocclusions, where the lower jaw protrudes forward. It consists of a metal frame that attaches to braces on the upper teeth and a strap that fits around the head. The strap pulls the upper jaw forward, helping to align it with the lower jaw.
3. **Reverse pull headgear:** This type of appliance is used to treat patients with a receding chin or small lower jaw. It works by applying pressure to the back of the head, which encourages the growth and development of the lower jaw.
4. **Jaw separators:** These are used in cases where the jaws need to be separated to allow for proper alignment. They consist of two metal bars that fit over the upper and lower teeth, with a screw mechanism that gradually increases the space between them.

Extraoral traction appliances can be uncomfortable to wear at first, but most patients adjust to them over time. It is important to follow the orthodontist's instructions carefully when wearing these appliances to ensure proper alignment and prevent damage to the teeth and jaws.

Maxillary fractures, also known as Le Fort fractures, are complex fractures that involve the upper jaw or maxilla. Named after the French surgeon René Le Fort who first described them in 1901, these fractures are categorized into three types (Le Fort I, II, III) based on the pattern and level of bone involvement.

1. Le Fort I fracture: This type of maxillary fracture involves a horizontal separation through the lower part of the maxilla, just above the teeth's roots. It often results from direct blows to the lower face or chin.

2. Le Fort II fracture: A Le Fort II fracture is characterized by a pyramidal-shaped fracture pattern that extends from the nasal bridge through the inferior orbital rim and maxilla, ending at the pterygoid plates. This type of fracture usually results from forceful impacts to the midface or nose.

3. Le Fort III fracture: A Le Fort III fracture is a severe craniofacial injury that involves both the upper and lower parts of the face. It is also known as a "craniofacial dysjunction" because it separates the facial bones from the skull base. The fracture line extends through the nasal bridge, orbital rims, zygomatic arches, and maxilla, ending at the pterygoid plates. Le Fort III fractures typically result from high-impact trauma to the face, such as car accidents or assaults.

These fractures often require surgical intervention for proper alignment and stabilization of the facial bones.

The facial bones, also known as the facial skeleton, are a series of bones that make up the framework of the face. They include:

1. Frontal bone: This bone forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets.
2. Nasal bones: These two thin bones form the bridge of the nose.
3. Maxilla bones: These are the largest bones in the facial skeleton, forming the upper jaw, the bottom of the eye sockets, and the sides of the nose. They also contain the upper teeth.
4. Zygomatic bones (cheekbones): These bones form the cheekbones and the outer part of the eye sockets.
5. Palatine bones: These bones form the back part of the roof of the mouth, the side walls of the nasal cavity, and contribute to the formation of the eye socket.
6. Inferior nasal conchae: These are thin, curved bones that form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and help to filter and humidify air as it passes through the nose.
7. Lacrimal bones: These are the smallest bones in the skull, located at the inner corner of the eye socket, and help to form the tear duct.
8. Mandible (lower jaw): This is the only bone in the facial skeleton that can move. It holds the lower teeth and forms the chin.

These bones work together to protect vital structures such as the eyes, brain, and nasal passages, while also providing attachment points for muscles that control chewing, expression, and other facial movements.

Maxillofacial development refers to the growth and formation of the bones, muscles, and soft tissues that make up the face and jaw (maxillofacial region). This process begins in utero and continues throughout childhood and adolescence. It involves the coordinated growth and development of multiple structures, including the upper and lower jaws (maxilla and mandible), facial bones, teeth, muscles, and nerves.

Abnormalities in maxillofacial development can result in a range of conditions, such as cleft lip and palate, jaw deformities, and craniofacial syndromes. These conditions may affect a person's appearance, speech, chewing, and breathing, and may require medical or surgical intervention to correct.

Healthcare professionals involved in the diagnosis and treatment of maxillofacial developmental disorders include oral and maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, pediatricians, geneticists, and other specialists.

The hard palate is the anterior, bony part of the roof of the mouth, forming a vertical partition between the oral and nasal cavities. It is composed of the maxilla and palatine bones, and provides attachment for the muscles of the soft palate, which functions in swallowing, speaking, and breathing. The hard palate also contains taste buds that contribute to our ability to taste food.

Tooth extraction is a dental procedure in which a tooth that is damaged or poses a threat to oral health is removed from its socket in the jawbone. This may be necessary due to various reasons such as severe tooth decay, gum disease, fractured teeth, crowded teeth, or for orthodontic treatment purposes. The procedure is performed by a dentist or an oral surgeon, under local anesthesia to numb the area around the tooth, ensuring minimal discomfort during the extraction process.

A complete upper denture is a removable dental appliance that replaces all of the natural teeth in the upper jaw. It is typically made of acrylic resin and fits over the gums, creating a natural-looking smile and allowing the patient to chew and speak properly. The denture is custom-made to fit the unique contours of the patient's mouth, ensuring a comfortable and secure fit.

Complete upper dentures are designed to replace an entire arch of teeth, providing support for the lips and cheeks and helping to maintain the natural shape of the face. They can be held in place by suction or with the help of dental adhesives, and should be removed and cleaned regularly to ensure good oral hygiene and prevent damage to the gums and underlying bone.

Overall, complete upper dentures are an effective solution for patients who have lost all of their upper teeth due to injury, decay, or other factors. They can help restore function, aesthetics, and confidence, allowing individuals to lead a healthy and fulfilling life.

Malocclusion, Angle Class II is a type of dental malocclusion where the relationship between the maxilla (upper jaw) and mandible (lower jaw) is such that the lower molar teeth are positioned posteriorly relative to the upper molar teeth. This results in an overbite, which means that the upper front teeth overlap the lower front teeth excessively. The classification was proposed by Edward Angle, an American orthodontist who is considered the father of modern orthodontics. In this classification system, Class II malocclusion is further divided into three subclasses (I, II, and III) based on the position of the lower incisors relative to the upper incisors.

The tooth apex is the tip or the narrowed end of the root of a tooth. It is the portion that is located deepest within the jawbone and it contains dental pulp tissue, which includes nerves and blood vessels. The apex plays an essential role in the development and maintenance of a tooth, as well as in the process of root canal treatment, where instruments and materials are introduced through it to clean and fill the root canals. It is also a crucial landmark in endodontic surgery and dental imaging.

Panoramic radiography is a specialized type of dental X-ray imaging that captures a panoramic view of the entire mouth, including the teeth, upper and lower jaws, and surrounding structures. It uses a special machine that rotates around the head, capturing images as it moves. This technique provides a two-dimensional image that is helpful in diagnosing and planning treatment for various dental conditions such as impacted teeth, bone abnormalities, and jaw disorders.

The panoramic radiograph can also be used to assess the development and positioning of wisdom teeth, detect cysts or tumors in the jaws, and evaluate the effects of trauma or injury to the mouth. It is a valuable tool for dental professionals as it allows them to see a comprehensive view of the oral structures, which may not be visible with traditional X-ray techniques.

It's important to note that while panoramic radiography provides valuable information, it should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tools and clinical examinations to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

The dental pulp cavity, also known as the pulp chamber, is the innermost part of a tooth that contains the dental pulp. It is located in the crown portion of the tooth and is shaped like an upside-down pyramid with the narrow end point towards the root of the tooth.

The dental pulp is a soft tissue that contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. It plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the tooth, including providing nutrients to the dentin and producing reparative dentin.

The dental pulp cavity can become infected or inflamed due to tooth decay, trauma, or other factors, leading to symptoms such as pain, sensitivity, and swelling. In such cases, treatment options may include root canal therapy, which involves removing the infected or inflamed pulp tissue from the dental pulp cavity and sealing the space to prevent further infection.

Tooth eruption is the process by which a tooth emerges from the gums and becomes visible in the oral cavity. It is a normal part of dental development that occurs in a predictable sequence and timeframe. Primary or deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth, begin to erupt around 6 months of age and continue to emerge until approximately 2-3 years of age. Permanent or adult teeth start to erupt around 6 years of age and can continue to emerge until the early twenties.

The process of tooth eruption involves several stages, including the formation of the tooth within the jawbone, the movement of the tooth through the bone and surrounding tissues, and the final emergence of the tooth into the mouth. Proper tooth eruption is essential for normal oral function, including chewing, speaking, and smiling. Any abnormalities in the tooth eruption process, such as delayed or premature eruption, can indicate underlying dental or medical conditions that require further evaluation and treatment.

The term "vertical dimension" is used in dentistry, specifically in the field of prosthodontics, to refer to the measurement of the distance between two specific points in the vertical direction when the jaw is closed. The most common measurement is the "vertical dimension of occlusion," which is the distance between the upper and lower teeth when the jaw is in a balanced and comfortable position during resting closure.

The vertical dimension is an important consideration in the design and fabrication of dental restorations, such as dentures or dental crowns, to ensure proper function, comfort, and aesthetics. Changes in the vertical dimension can occur due to various factors, including tooth loss, jaw joint disorders, or muscle imbalances, which may require correction through dental treatment.

Orthodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of dental and facial irregularities. The term "corrective" in this context refers to the use of appliances (such as braces, aligners, or other devices) to move teeth into their proper position and correct malocclusion (bad bite). This not only improves the appearance of the teeth but also helps to ensure better function, improved oral health, and overall dental well-being.

The goal of corrective orthodontics is to create a balanced and harmonious relationship between the teeth, jaws, and facial structures. Treatment may be recommended for children, adolescents, or adults and can help address various issues such as crowding, spacing, overbites, underbites, crossbites, open bites, and jaw growth discrepancies. A combination of techniques, including fixed or removable appliances, may be used to achieve the desired outcome. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary throughout treatment to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments.

Mixed dentition is a stage of dental development in which both primary (deciduous) teeth and permanent teeth are present in the mouth. This phase typically begins when the first permanent molars erupt, around the age of 6, and continues until all of the primary teeth have been replaced by permanent teeth, usually around the age of 12-13.

During this stage, a person will have a mix of smaller, temporary teeth and larger, more durable permanent teeth. Proper care and management of mixed dentition is essential for maintaining good oral health, as it can help to prevent issues such as crowding, misalignment, and decay. Regular dental check-ups and proper brushing and flossing techniques are crucial during this stage to ensure the best possible outcomes for long-term oral health.

Orthodontic retainers are dental appliances that are custom-made and used after orthodontic treatment (such as braces) to help maintain the new position of teeth. They can be fixed or removable and are designed to keep the teeth in place while the surrounding gums and bones stabilize in their new positions. Retainers play a crucial role in preserving the investment made during orthodontic treatment, preventing the teeth from shifting back to their original positions.

"Edentulous jaw" is a medical term used to describe a jaw that is missing all of its natural teeth. The term "edentulous" is derived from the Latin word "edentulus," which means "without teeth." This condition can affect either the upper jaw (maxilla) or the lower jaw (mandible), or both, resulting in a significant impact on an individual's ability to eat, speak, and maintain proper facial structure.

Edentulism is often associated with aging, as tooth loss becomes more common in older adults due to factors like gum disease, tooth decay, and injury. However, it can also affect younger individuals who have lost their teeth due to various reasons. Dental professionals typically recommend the use of dentures or dental implants to restore oral function and aesthetics for patients with edentulous jaws.

Orthodontic anchorage procedures refer to the methods and techniques used in orthodontics to achieve stable, controlled movement of teeth during treatment. The term "anchorage" describes the point of stability around which other teeth are moved.

There are two main types of anchorage: absolute and relative. Absolute anchorage is when the force applied to move teeth does not cause any unwanted movement in the area providing stability. Relative anchorage is when some degree of reciprocal movement is expected in the area providing stability.

Orthodontic appliances, such as mini-screws, palatal implants, and headgear, are often used to provide additional anchorage reinforcement. These devices help control the direction and magnitude of forces applied during treatment, ensuring predictable tooth movement and maintaining proper alignment and occlusion (bite).

In summary, orthodontic anchorage procedures involve the strategic use of various appliances and techniques to establish a stable foundation for moving teeth during orthodontic treatment. This helps ensure optimal treatment outcomes and long-term stability of the dentition.

An "osteotomy" refers to a surgical procedure in which a bone is cut. A "Le Fort osteotomy" is a specific type of osteotomy that involves cutting and repositioning the middle (midface) portion of the facial bones. There are three types of Le Fort osteotomies, named after the French surgeon René Le Fort who first described them:

1. Le Fort I osteotomy: This procedure involves making a horizontal cut through the lower part of the maxilla (upper jaw) and separating it from the rest of the facial bones. It is often used to treat conditions such as severe jaw deformities or obstructive sleep apnea.
2. Le Fort II osteotomy: In this procedure, an upward curved cut is made through the lower part of the maxilla and the middle portion of the nasal bones. This allows for the repositioning of the midface and nose. It may be used to treat conditions such as severe facial fractures or congenital deformities.
3. Le Fort III osteotomy: A Le Fort III osteotomy involves making a cut through the upper part of the maxilla, the orbital bones (bones surrounding the eyes), and the zygomatic bones (cheekbones). This procedure allows for significant repositioning of the midface and is often used to treat severe facial fractures or congenital deformities.

It's important to note that Le Fort osteotomies are complex surgical procedures that should only be performed by experienced oral and maxillofacial surgeons or craniofacial surgeons.

The zygoma is the scientific name for the cheekbone. It is a part of the facial skeleton that forms the prominence of the cheek and houses the maxillary sinus, one of the pairs of paranasal sinuses. The zygomatic bone, also known as the malar bone, contributes to the formation of the zygoma.

Anodontia is a medical term that refers to the congenital absence or lack of development of all primary (deciduous) and/or permanent teeth. It is a rare dental condition that affects tooth development and can be isolated or associated with various syndromes and genetic disorders.

In anodontia, the dental tissues responsible for forming teeth, including the dental lamina, dental papilla, and dental follicle, fail to develop properly, resulting in missing teeth. The condition can affect all teeth or only some of them, leading to partial anodontia.

Anodontia is different from hypodontia, which refers to the congenital absence of one or more, but not all, teeth. It is also distinct from oligodontia, which is the absence of six or more permanent teeth, excluding third molars (wisdom teeth).

People with anodontia may experience difficulties in chewing, speaking, and maintaining oral hygiene, leading to various dental and social problems. Prosthodontic treatments, such as dentures or implants, are often necessary to restore oral function and aesthetics.

Root resorption is a process that occurs when the body's own cells, called odontoclasts, break down and destroy the hard tissue of the tooth root. This can occur as a result of various factors such as trauma, infection, or orthodontic treatment. In some cases, it may be a normal part of the tooth development and eruption process in children. However, excessive or pathological root resorption can lead to weakening and loss of the tooth. It is often asymptomatic and discovered during routine dental x-rays.

Bell, G. W.; Joshi, B. B.; Macleod, R. I. (February 2011). "Maxillary sinus disease: diagnosis and treatment". British Dental ... Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1980;38:113-116. ... In anatomy, the Schneiderian membrane is the membranous lining of the maxillary sinus cavity. Microscopically there is a ...
"Maxillary sinus disease of odontogenic origin". Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 37 (2): 347-364. doi:10.1016/S0030- ... It can occur at any age but is more common in adults due to the higher prevalence of periodontal disease and dental procedures ... Comprising approximately 10-12% of all chronic sinusitis cases, this condition primarily affects the maxillary sinus, which is ... Dental conditions such as gum disease, periapical abscesses, or tooth decay can lead to odontogenic sinusitis. Similarly, ...
1842: Publication of Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus. 1849: Publication of the Dictionary of Dental Surgery, Biography, ...
"The case for multiple cranio-maxillary osteotomies in Crouzon's disease.". In Caronni, EP (ed.). Craniofacial Surgery 3. ...
They describe the operation of maxillary sinus diseases via canine fossa. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is the standard ... is an operation to remove irreversibly damaged mucosa of the maxillary sinus. It is done when maxillary sinusitis is not cured ... For management of hematoma or hemorrhage in the maxillary sinus To treat fractures involving floor of the orbit or anterior ... It was introduced by George Caldwell (1893)and Henry Luc (1897). The maxillary sinus is entered from two separate openings, one ...
When there is maxillary or alveolar prognathism which causes an alignment of the maxillary incisors significantly anterior to ... In human populations where prognathism is not the norm, it may be a malformation, the result of injury, a disease state, a ... maxillary prognathism is associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome; however, so-called false maxillary prognathism, or more ... However, relapse is quite common, unless the cause is removed or a long-term retention is used.[citation needed] In disease ...
Another facial indicator of this disease is malformations affecting the frontal or maxillary sinuses. Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc ... In some cases, the frontal and maxillary sinus may also be affected. There have only been 52 reported cases of patients with ... Fluorescein angiography is quite useful in diagnosing retinal features of the disease, and the use of ultrasonography and ... optical coherence tomography (OCT) are helpful in confirming the disease. Neuro-ophthalmic examinations reveal pupillary ...
... how pneumatization and edentulism contribute to maxillary atrophy". Oral Diseases. 23 (1): 55-61. doi:10.1111/odi.12571. PMID ... In addition, when a maxillary molar or premolar is lost, the maxillary sinus pneumatizes in this region which further ... The goal of the sinus lift is to graft extra bone into the maxillary sinus, so more bone is available to support a dental ... Maxillary sinus floor augmentation (also termed sinus lift, sinus graft, sinus augmentation or sinus procedure) is a surgical ...
Citations Sharma, Gaurav; Nagpal, Archna (2014). Journal of Oral Diseases. Vol. 2014. pp. e595189. doi:10.1155/2014/595189. ... maxillary lateral incisor and that of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor. The maxillary lateral incisors occlude in ... The maxillary lateral incisors are a pair of upper (maxillary) teeth that are located laterally (away from the midline of the ... The maxillary lateral incisor resembles the maxillary central incisor, but is smaller in every dimension aside from root length ...
Maxillary sinus disease: diagnosis and treatment, British Dental Journal 210, 113 - 118 (2011) at http://www.nature.com/bdj/ ... The maxillary hiatus (also known as maxillary sinus ostium, maxillary ostium, or opening from the maxillary sinus)[citation ... gravity cannot drain the maxillary sinus contents when the head is erect. An accessory maxillary hiatus may be present either ... Its opening in the maxillary sinus is present upon the superior part of the medial wall of the sinus near the roof of the sinus ...
... disease: diagnosis and treatment, British Dental Journal 210, 113 - 118 (2011) at http://www.nature.com/bdj/ ... However, timing of maxillary sinus growth is variable in different people. Maxillary sinusitis is inflammation of the maxillary ... Maxillary sinus cancer that has spread to the brain Maxillary sinus cancer that has spread to the lymph nodes With age, the ... If the maxillary posterior teeth are lost, the maxillary sinus may expand even more, thinning the bony floor of the alveolar ...
Surgical paper on some serious diseases of the maxillary sinus and inferior maxillary bone. Essai sur la réunion immédiate des ... "Joseph Gensoul and the earliest illustrated operations for maxillary sinus carcinoma". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 270 (1): 359- ...
CDC (2020-12-28). "Facts about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate , CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2022-12 ... Maxillary hypoplasia, or maxillary deficiency, is an underdevelopment of the bones of the upper jaw. It is associated with ... "What Is Maxillary Hypoplasia? (with picture)". Wisegeekhealth.com. Retrieved 9 July 2018. "Maxillary Hypoplasia". ... Maxillary hypoplasia is the most common secondary deformity that results from cleft lip and cleft palate. Because of the ...
... maxillary and sphenoid disease, and patients with or without allergies, asthma, septal deviations, and previous surgery can be ... This opens up an avenue of treatment for patients with sinus disease who otherwise would not be candidates for surgery ... Clinical studies have typically excluded patients with: Eosinophilic disease Severe polyposis or fungal sinusitis Severe septal ... "In-Office Stand-Alone Balloon Dilation of Maxillary Sinus Ostia and Ethmoid Infundibula in Adults with Chronic or Recurrent ...
... therapy Vertical root fractures Foreign material in the lesion Associated periodontal disease Penetration of the maxillary ... If the tooth has pre-existing periodontal disease, with pockets and loss of alveolar bone height, it is more likely to be a ... This can be caused by tooth decay, broken teeth or extensive periodontal disease (or combinations of these factors). A failed ...
Anesthesia Cardiology Children's diseases Children's surgery Dental and oral diseases Dental and Maxillary Orthopedics Ear, ... thoracic and vascular surgery Hematology Infectious diseases Intensive care Internal diseases Laboratory Maxillofacial surgery ... On June 1, 2012 the new building for the Clinic of Children's Disease was opened. On June 29, 2015 the new highest level (Level ... Reconstructive surgery Psychiatry Pulmonology and Immunology Radiology Rehabilitation Rheumatology Skin and Venereal diseases ...
Features consistent with familial transmission of the disease (e.g., a single central maxillary incisor) should be carefully ... "Microform" Mild phenotypic presentation with reduced distance between eyes, sharp nasal bridge, single maxillary central ... "SHH mutation is associated with solitary median maxillary central incisor: a study of 13 patients and review of the literature ... Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-8. ISSN 1750-1172. PMC 1802747. PMID 17274816. " ...
... has also been implicated in the infection of maxillary bone following a tooth extraction. Oisewacz, ... BMC Infectious Diseases. 13 (1): 59. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-59. PMC 3565948. PMID 23374883. Russell, Jonathan R, Huang, ... "Involvement of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus tubingensis in osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone: a case report". ...
Systemic disease, such as syphilis, may affect the appearance of teeth. Dentistry has several systems of notation to identify ... The right deciduous maxillary central incisor is known as "E", and the left one is known as "F". The permanent maxillary ... In the deciduous maxillary central incisor, endodontic treatment is less frequent. In the permanent maxillary central incisor, ... There are some minor differences between the deciduous maxillary central incisor and that of the permanent maxillary central ...
Radial hypoplasia triphalangeal thumbs hypospadias maxillary diastema at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases v t e (Articles with ... and maxillary diastema. Schmitt E, Gillenwater JY, Kelly TE (1982). "An autosomal dominant syndrome of radial hypoplasia, ... triphalangeal thumbs, hypospadias, and maxillary diastema". Am. J. Med. Genet. 13 (1): 63-69. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320130111. PMID ... Rare diseases, All stub articles, Genetic disorder stubs). ...
There is occlusal erosion of the maxillary teeth causing the incised edges of the incisors to be thin and knife-edged. Occlusal ... gastro-oesophageal reflux and peptic ulcer disease; or lower in the tract such as coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative ... Crohn's disease is a patchy disease which can affect any area of the GI tract from the oral cavity to the anus. The ... Other systemic diseases that can cause the tongue to form aphthous ulcers are: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, Behcet's ...
In the maxilla, these teeth are often displaced into the maxillary sinus. Classic symptoms of sinus disease such as headache, ... On the other hand, maxillary anterior teeth may be displaced into the floor of the nasal cavity, while other maxillary teeth ... Dhupar, A.; Yadav, S.; Dhupar, V.; Mittal, H. C.; Malik, S.; Rana, P. (February 2017). "Bi-maxillary dentigerous cyst in a non- ... Regezi and Sciubba stated that the impacted teeth were most commonly seen in the third molar and maxillary canine teeth, and ...
Teebi-Kaurah syndrome Teebi-Naguib-Alawadi syndrome Teebi-Shaltout syndrome Teebi syndrome Teeth noneruption of with maxillary ... This is a list of diseases starting with the letter "T" with syptoms similar to seizures. Diseases Alphabetical list 0-9 A B C ... gestational trophoblastic disease) Trophoblastic tumor Tropical spastic paraparesis Tropical sprue Troyer syndrome Trueb-Burg- ... Todd's paralysis Todd's syndrome Togaviridae disease Tollner-Horst-Manzke syndrome Tolosa-Hunt syndrome Toluene antenatal ...
... others Metaphyseal dysostosis mental retardation conductive deafness Metaphyseal dysplasia maxillary hypoplasia brachydactyly ... This is a list of diseases starting with the letter "M". Diseases Alphabetical list 0-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T ... Mitochondrial diseases of nuclear origin Mitochondrial diseases, clinically undefinite Mitochondrial disease Mitochondrial ... disease Marchiafava-Micheli disease Marcus Gunn phenomenon Marden-Walker-like syndrome Marden-Walker syndrome Marek disease ...
Because the maxillary posterior teeth are close to the maxillary sinus, this can also cause clinical problems if any disease ... in the maxillary bones (open in the back of the semilunar hiatus of the nose). They are innervated by the maxillary nerve (CN ... The maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes; the frontal sinuses are above the eyes; the ethmoidal sinuses are between the ... At birth, only the maxillary sinus and the ethmoid sinus are developed but not yet pneumatized; only by the age of seven they ...
Many chronic diseases in patients with M. catarrhalis bacteremia can be linked to the patients with immune defects or ... maxillary sinusitis, bacteremia, meningitis, conjunctivitis, acute purulent irritation of chronic bronchitis, urethritis, ... It has also been known to cause infective exacerbations in adults with chronic lung disease, and it is an important cause in ... A microbiological evaluation of the patient (a 41-year-old male) revealed that M. catarrhalis was the cause of the disease ...
... neoplasms Invasive carcinoma from maxillary sinus Kaposi's sarcoma Developmental swellings associated with Paget's disease FOM ... cobblestone mucosea or gingival swellings Crohn's disease: This is a disease affecting the bowel but commonly has oral lesions ... "Bond's Book of Oral Disease". The Maxillofacial Center for Education & Research. Archived from the original on 2015-02-06. " ... Example conditions that oral medicine is concerned with are lichen planus, Behçet's disease and pemphigus vulgaris. Moreover, ...
It's unusual for macrostomia to occur on its own and it is included as a symptom for many diseases including craniofacial ... The clefts result from improper development and fusion of the mandibular and maxillary processes. The clefts cause problems ... The cleft associated with macrostomia is associated with improper or failed fusion of the mandibular and maxillary processes ... Macrostomia can be partially classified as a heritable autosomal dominant disease. The responsible mutation is found on the ...
... maxillary 473.1 Sinusitis, chronic, frontal 473.9 Sinusitis, chronic, NOS 474 Chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids 474.1 ... acute 519 Other diseases of respiratory system 519.2 Mediastinitis (International Classification of Diseases). ... This is a shortened version of the eighth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Respiratory System. It covers ICD codes 460 to ... 478 Other diseases of upper respiratory tract 478.1 Abscess/ulcer of nose 480 Viral pneumonia 480.31 Pneumonia, SARS associated ...
... including malocclusion 524.0 Major anomalies of jaw size 524.03 Major anomalies of jaw size maxillary hypoplasia 524.1 ... and unspecified diseases of the oral soft tissues 529 Diseases and other conditions of the tongue 529.0 Glossitis 530 Diseases ... This is a shortened version of the ninth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Digestive System. It covers ICD codes 520 to 579 ... 572 Liver abscess and sequelae of chronic liver disease 572.2 Coma, hepatic 572.4 Hepatorenal syndrome 573 Other disorders of ...
When they fail, you get a sinus X Ray that shows left maxillary sinus disease. ... Prevention of sinus disease from allergy.. Good sleep. Try to find one of the allergy pills like Benadry or Zyrtec that clears ...
Information on Metaphyseal dysplasia maxillary hypoplasia brachydactyly, which may include symptoms, causes, inheritance, ... The RareGuru disease database is regularly updated using data generously provided by GARD, the United States Genetic and Rare ... Connect with other users with Metaphyseal dysplasia maxillary hypoplasia brachydactyly on the RareGuru app Get the Free App!. ... Do you have information about a disease, disorder, or syndrome? Want to suggest a symptom? Please send suggestions to RareGuru! ...
... the maxillary sinuses are most commonly affected with acute and chronic sinusitis. Most of these cases can be managed with ... The maxillary sinus should be inspected with a 30- or 70-degree scope to ensure that no further disease is present within the ... Drugs & Diseases , Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery Surgical Treatment of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis Surgical ... Any pus from the maxillary cavity may be sent for culture. The disease within the sinus can be addressed appropriately. Next, ...
Three days of antibiotics were as effective as 10 days and, because of the high disease … ... bilateral maxillary disease, 51%; and radiograph score, 4 (interquartile range, 2 to 4). Outcome assessment was completed in 95 ... Randomized controlled trial of 3 vs 10 days of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for acute maxillary sinusitis JAMA. 1995 Apr 5;273 ... Three days of antibiotics were as effective as 10 days and, because of the high disease prevalence, hold the potential for ...
ClinicalTrials.gov: Mandibular Diseases (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Maxillary Diseases (National ... ClinicalTrials.gov: Jaw Diseases (National Institutes of Health) * ClinicalTrials.gov: Jaw Fractures (National Institutes of ...
Bell, G. W.; Joshi, B. B.; Macleod, R. I. (February 2011). "Maxillary sinus disease: diagnosis and treatment". British Dental ... Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1980;38:113-116. ... In anatomy, the Schneiderian membrane is the membranous lining of the maxillary sinus cavity. Microscopically there is a ...
We present a report of a patient with an osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone with a probable invasive Aspergillus tubingensis ... We describe an immune compromised patient suffering from osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone after tooth extraction. The ... BMC Infectious Diseases volume 13, Article number: 59 (2013) Cite this article ... Computed tomography of the head showing A: total opacification of the ethmoid sinus; B: swollen mucosa of the maxillary sinus; ...
Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus. Chapter 13. Cysts of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region ...
Persistent Primitive Maxillary Artery as a Compensatory Collateral in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease. July 18, 2023 ... Periodontal Disease Treatment After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The PREMIERS Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial. ... Causal Effect of the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration on Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. July ... Management of Stroke in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease: A Practical Review. July 07, 2023 ...
Air-fluid levels on transillumination of the sinuses (60% reproducibility rate for assessing maxillary sinus disease) ... Antibiotic selection with respect to previous antibiotic use and disease severity is as follows:. * Adults with mild disease ... Adults with mild disease who have had antibiotics in the previous 4-6 weeks and adults with moderate disease: Amoxicillin/ ... Thus, an infant is born with 3-4 ethmoid cells and tiny teardrop-shaped maxillary sinuses. By the teenage years, each maxillary ...
Dentistry, Tooth Diseases, Preventive Dentistry, Maxillary Diseases, Health Services, Diagnosis, Oral, Oral Medicine, Dental ... Maxillary Diseases, Oral Health, Diagnosis, Oral, Radiography, Dental, Oral Hygiene, Oral Medicine, Dental Instruments, Dental ... Maxillary Diseases, Dentition, Oral Health, Health Services, Diagnosis, Oral, Radiography, Dental, Oral Hygiene, Oral Medicine ... Maxillary Diseases, Dentition, Oral Health, Health Services, Diagnosis, Oral, Radiography, Dental, Oral Hygiene, Oral Medicine ...
An unusual case of Pagets disease of bone, presenting as a maxillary disease, is discussed. This rare manifestation of a ... Diabetics, patients using corticosteroids, in acute phase of ischemic circulatory disease or in the early post surgical ... These guidelines aim to prevent obesity, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. The messages to ... In four patients with Cushings disease the values were significantly above the normal range. The method described, employing ...
Infectious or neoplastic disease processes may involve the nasal and maxillary bones. Since exploratory rhinotomy is often ... Infectious or neoplastic disease processes may involve the nasal and maxillary bones. Since exploratory rhinotomy is often ... Ostectomy for exploratory rhinotomy may be limited to either right or left nasal cavities for unilateral disease. Bone flaps ... Surgical Approach and Management of Nasal and Sinus Disease World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress ...
Maxillary Diseases Preferred Concept UI. M0013132. Scope Note. Diseases involving the MAXILLA.. Terms. Maxillary Diseases ... Diseases involving the MAXILLA.. Entry Version. MAXILLARY DIS. Previous Indexing. Bone Diseases (1966). Maxilla (1966). Public ... Musculoskeletal Diseases [C05] * Jaw Diseases [C05.500] * Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw [C05.500.086] ... Stomatognathic Diseases [C07] * Jaw Diseases [C07.320] * Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw [C07.320.086] ...
9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases numbers 160.1 160.9, including the maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, ... Nasal cancer is a rare disease and practically all known causes are occupational. If it is determined that the disease is not ... then the disease is conclusively deemed to be due to the nature of the employment. Such a claim is considered under Schedule 4. ... Column 1 - Description of Disease. Column 2 - Process. 3. Primary cancer of the nasal cavities or of paranasal cavities. Any ...
Chronic maxillary sinusitis TAPE POSITIONS 729-742 Diseases - Respiratory Tape Pos. 737 Chronic laryngitis Catarrh of larynx ... ischemic heart disease, other forms of heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, arteriosclerosis, other diseases of the ... Disease , 12 , Hypertensive disease , 13 , Arteriosclerosis , 14 , Varicose veins , 15 , Hemorrhoids , 16 , Diseases of the ... Chronic Rheumatic Heart Disease 1 - Yes 0 Blank 6913 866 Hypertension 1 - Yes 1 Blank 6912 867 Ischemic Heart Disease 1 - Yes ...
Management of maxillary sinus diseases.. • Instructor in Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS), American College of Surgeons.. ...
... of Furcation Area in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars while Considering the New Classification of Periodontal Disease by ... The analysis showed a BBT at the alveolar crest of 0.76 ± 0.49 mm in the maxillary frontal and of 1.42 ± 0.74 mm in the ... 4) Conclusions: In more than 60% of the cases, the BBT at the alveolar crest is ,1 mm in maxillary and mandibular frontal ... 2) Methods: A total of 44 patients who required a crown-lengthening procedure in a single tooth in the maxillary arch were ...
Remodelling of the rhino-maxillary area and degenerative .... Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious ... European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data ... Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - October 11, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type ... Source: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases - October 8, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type ...
Chronic oral ulceration, chronic maxillary sinus infection, or bizarre mouth lesions, especially in patients with HIV disease, ... Patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), [2] leukemia, lymphoma, HIV disease, or iatrogenic immunosuppression (eg, ... destructive ulceration of the left posterior maxillary alveolar bone and mucosa due to mucormycosis of the maxillary sinus. ... destructive ulceration of the left posterior maxillary alveolar bone and mucosa due to mucormycosis of the maxillary sinus. ...
Based on radiographic findings, the diagnostic hypothesis of maxillary sinus disease of fungal etiology was raised. The patient ... Burnham R, Bridle C. Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus secondary to a foreign body (amalgam) in the maxillary antrum. J Oral ... Thus, it is essential to know the anatomical relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the root tips of maxillary ... into the maxillary sinus, a factor that may cause maxillary sinus aspergillosis (MSA) 1-5. ...
Maxillary Diseases 1 0 Maxillary Neoplasms 1 0 Memory 1 0 Memory, Short-Term 1 0 ... Infant, Newborn, Diseases 1 0 Note: The number of publications displayed in this table will differ from the number displayed in ... reflects all text searches of the disease term including the indexed term and corresponding children terms. ... the HuGE Literature Finder as the number in Genopedia reflects only the indexed disease term without children terms, but the ...
Patients with AWD should be considered as susceptible to maxillary sinus diseases. ... Home Dental Radiology An evaluation of the relationship between maxillary sinus anterior wall depression and maxillary sinus ... The presence of maxillary sinus opacity and maxillary sinus AWD were evaluated on CT images. Demographic information such as ... The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between AWD of maxillary sinus and both maxillary sinus opacity and the ...
... can Lead to Heart Disease. Image Size: 13 x 20 ... Edentulous Maxillary Model 4 Series Atrophyed Bone Loss Model $ ... Dental Poster Heart Disease Office Patient Education. 14 Heart Disease Dental Poster 14 Heart Disease Dental Poster Buyamag INC ... Dental Poster: Dental problems if left untreated, can Lead to Heart Disease. Image Size: 13" x 20" ...
His areas of interest are Sjögren syndrome; maxillary, nasal, paranasal sinus disease; fibro-osseous lesions; and lesions of ...
Odontogenic Diseases of the Maxillary Sinus 21. Diagnosis and Management of Salivary Gland Disorders ...
Rosai Dorfmans disease of the maxillary bone with soft tissue involvement of the cheek: Case Presentation and Literature ... Usefulness of the HUGE formula for the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in the elderly  Beritan Moreno, Cristina; Rojas ...
I think my gum problems are moderate in severity and mainly confined to my maxillary where I inherited my fathers crowded ... Thank you very much for your invaluable information about treatment of gum disease. ...
  • In adults, the maxillary sinuses are most commonly affected with acute and chronic sinusitis. (medscape.com)
  • When medical management fails, surgery may be needed to treat chronic maxillary sinusitis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] FESS has become the standard surgical treatment for chronic maxillary sinusitis, with external approaches being used as an adjunct in more complicated cases or in tumor management. (medscape.com)
  • No absolute contraindications to endoscopic surgical treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis exist. (medscape.com)
  • A study by Joshua et al suggested that the severity of chronic maxillary sinusitis can be determined by CT-scan evaluation of sinus wall thickness. (medscape.com)
  • The study, which included 38 patients with unilateral chronic maxillary sinusitis, found that the degree of inflammation corresponded to wall thickness, although not to wall density. (medscape.com)
  • To compare 14-day outcomes and relapse and recurrence rates among patients with acute maxillary sinusitis randomized to 3-day (3D) vs 10-day (10D) treatment with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). (nih.gov)
  • Air-fluid level (arrow) in the maxillary sinus suggests sinusitis. (medscape.com)
  • The most common disease of the Maxillary Sinus is the Maxillary Sinusitis due to inflammation . (anatomic.us)
  • Maxillary sinusitis is defined as a symptomatic inflammation of the paranasal maxillary sinuses. (srce.hr)
  • Odontogenic inflammation of the maxillary sinuses is a result of dental disease, so it differs from other sinusitis in microbiology. (srce.hr)
  • Detailed diagnostic evaluation in patients with maxillary sinusitis demonstrates the prominence of disease in the ethmoidal infundibulum and in adjacent ethmoid cells. (qxmd.com)
  • Surgical procedures performed to improve maxillary sinusitis by inferior meatal antrostomy leave residual disease in the ostiomeatal area and may result in persistent mucociliary obstruction. (qxmd.com)
  • There are reports of high frequency of chronic sinusitis in patients with cleft lip and palate, especially children, that may be related to hypoplasia of the maxilla and lower volume of the maxillary sinus related to the cleft. (bvsalud.org)
  • Primary cancer of the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses are occupational diseases characteristic of processes, trades or occupations in the nickel producing industry. (wsib.ca)
  • If a worker is diagnosed with primary cancer of the nasal cavities or paranasal sinuses and was employed in the nickel producing industry at or before the date of disablement from the disease, entitlement is considered under Schedule 4 or Schedule 3 of the Act, or on a case-by-case basis. (wsib.ca)
  • If a claim contains a diagnosis for a site closely related to the nasal cavities or paranasal sinuses, decision makers should seek a further medical opinion regarding whether the disease might, in fact, be cancer of the nasal cavities or paranasal sinuses. (wsib.ca)
  • If a worker is diagnosed with primary cancer of the nasal cavities or paranasal sinuses and, at or before the date of disablement from the disease, was ever employed in concentrating, smelting or refining in the nickel producing industry, then the disease is deemed to be due to the nature of the employment, unless the contrary is proved. (wsib.ca)
  • Mucoceles mostly develop laryngeal papillomatosis newborn the frontal sinus and less commonly in the ethmoid cell system or in the maxillary and sphenoid sinuses. (ghise-ioan.ro)
  • Connect with other caregivers and patients with Metaphyseal dysplasia maxillary hypoplasia brachydactyly and get the support you need. (rareguru.com)
  • Metaphyseal dysplasia-maxillary hypoplasia-brachydacty syndrome is characterized by metaphyseal dysplasia associated with short stature and facial dysmorphism (a beaked nose, short philtrum, thin lips, maxillary hypoplasia, dystrophic yellowish teeth) and acral anomalies (short fifth metacarpals and/or short middle phalanges of fingers two and five). (rareguru.com)
  • It is associated with abnormalities of first and second brachial arches and is characterized by unilateral or bilateral microtia/anotia/atresia, preauricular tags, facial tags, conductive hearing loss, epidermal lipodermoids, microphthalmia, mandibular hypoplasia, maxillary hypoplasia, macrostomia, cervical vertebral anomalies and congenital heart disease (1). (pediatriconcall.com)
  • Thus, the patient with cleft lip and palate may present maxillary underdevelopment, which may result in hypoplasia of the maxillary sinus, and reparative surgeries can aggravate this complication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Treatment and prognosis of endodontic-periodontal diseases vary and depend on the cause and the correct diagnosis of each specific condition. (docshare.tips)
  • This article will appraise the interrelationship between endodontic and periodontal diseases and provide biological and clinical evidence of significance for diagnosis, prognosis, and decision-making in the treatment of these conditions. (docshare.tips)
  • Oral manifestations can prove crucial in diagnosis and usually parallel the intestinal disease course. (medscape.com)
  • Number of persons aged 35 to 44 years with a clinical diagnosis of destructive periodontal disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical examination revealed a painless swelling extending from the maxillary right central incisor to the maxillary right first molar tooth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Panoramic radiograph revealed a unilocular radiolucent lesion extending from the maxillary right central incisor to the maxillary right first molar, in contact with the roots of the teeth present inferiorly, and to the maxillary sinus superiorly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Non-surgical endodontic treatment of a maxillary central incisor with a lateral radiolucency. (docshare.tips)
  • The dental fluorosis clinical assessment proceeded in a tooth by tooth manner, similar to the tooth count assessment, beginning with the maxillary right central incisor and proceeding posteriorly to the upper right cuspid. (cdc.gov)
  • When they fail, you get a sinus X Ray that shows left maxillary sinus disease. (tucsoncentralpediatrics.com)
  • Radiography revealed a diffuse radiopaque mass inside the left maxillary sinus, with radiolucent areas near the cortical bone of the maxillary sinus. (bvsalud.org)
  • The maxillary sinus is housed in the body of the maxilla, with the inferior orbital wall as the superior border, the lateral nasal wall as the medial boundary, the alveolar process of the maxilla as its inferior border, and the canine fossa as the anterior border. (medscape.com)
  • Diseases involving the MAXILLA . (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, by the time oral lesions are present, considerable destruction of the maxilla and maxillary sinus may have occurred. (medscape.com)
  • When infection involves the palate, this finding may be only the initial indication of considerable antecedent destruction of the maxilla and maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • Maxillary sinus is found in the Body of Maxilla and has three recesses which are as follows. (anatomic.us)
  • The floor of Maxillary Sinus is formed by the Alveolar process of the Maxilla. (anatomic.us)
  • Aim Loss of bone in the posterior maxilla through resorption due to atrophy, periodontal disease or enlargement of the maxillary sinus create challenges to implant placement. (journalofosseointegration.eu)
  • The main functional component of the maxillary sinus outflow tract is the ostiomeatal complex, which is collectively constituted by the uncinate process, the maxillary ostium, the infundibulum, and the ethmoid bulla. (medscape.com)
  • The surgical approach of sphenoid mucocele can be transseptal on the both sides for bilateral lesion, paraseptal which is the most frequent one and transethmoidal when there is simultaneous disease in the ethmoid sinus 8. (ghise-ioan.ro)
  • Periodontal Disease Treatment After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The PREMIERS Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial. (medscape.com)
  • In rare cases, mycoses can produce clinical disease in healthy persons, including oral lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Although the major clinical manifestations of the disease are pancreatic and pulmonary disease, the majority of cystic fibrosis patients will develop sinonasal manifestations as well. (hindawi.com)
  • Following various periods of COVID-19 disease and its management, each patient showed a mutual clinical picture and spontaneous, unprovoked maxillary osteonecrosis. (drbicuspid.com)
  • The clinical purpose of these methods is the reparation or guided regeneration of damaged tissue, in our case, jaw bone affected by genetical diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • Unlike the dental clinical fluorosis assessment protocols used in 1999-2004 and 2011-2016, which examined all surfaces of all teeth except third molars, only the facial surfaces of fully erupted, permanent, maxillary anterior teeth (teeth number 6-11) were evaluated in NHANES 2009-2010. (cdc.gov)
  • Between the 21st and the 30th days, the use of biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in maxillary bone lesions allowed a significant increase in bone neoformation peaks (resp. (hindawi.com)
  • Whether patients with orofacial granulomatoses will subsequently develop intestinal manifestations of Crohn disease is uncertain, but histologic similarities between the oral lesions and the intestinal lesions are obvious. (medscape.com)
  • The posterior wall of the Maxillary sinus transmits posterior superior alveolar nerves and vessels to the Molar Teeth . (anatomic.us)
  • The intimate anatomical relations of the upper molar teeth to the maxillary sinus facilitate the development and spread of periapical orinfection in maxillary sinus. (srce.hr)
  • Patient presented us with severe periodontal disease of all maxillary (upper) teeth. (evansdentistry.ca)
  • Panoramic radiograph disclosed a well corticated unilocular radiolucent lesion approximately 5 × 5 cm in diameter which was in contact with the roots of the teeth present inferiorly and with the maxillary sinus superiorly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The purpose of this article is to present a rare case report of UA in atypical location into the right anterior and premolar maxillary region together with two impacted teeth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kirkham (13), studying 1000 human teeth with extensive periodontal disease, found only 2% of lateral canals associated with the involved periodontal pocket. (docshare.tips)
  • Subsequent advances in the understanding of the physiologic drainage pattern of the maxillary sinus led to intranasal middle meatus antrostomy in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. (medscape.com)
  • The position of Osita prevents the drainage of Maxillary sinus contents in the head when it is erect. (anatomic.us)
  • Historically, the possibility of closure following ostial manipulation and the importance of dependent drainage of the maxillary sinus have been cited as arguments against the middle meatal approach. (qxmd.com)
  • There is a tendency towards mandibular overgrowth with prognathism, maxillary widening, tooth separation and jaw malocclusion. (orpha.net)
  • Unicystic ameloblastoma usually presents in posterior mandibular ramus region, while it is rare and atypical in posterior maxillary region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Destructive periodontal disease is the loss of attachment greater than or equal to 4mm in one or more sites as measured at the mid-facial and mesial facial line angles on each tooth in two randomly selected quadrants, one in the maxillary (upper) arch and one in the mandibular (lower) arch. (cdc.gov)
  • Hypoplastic right maxillary sinus. (medscape.com)
  • B. A 3D volumetric rendering of a CT scan shows a necrotic right maxillary segment extending to the right maxillary sinus and toward the maxillary left lateral incisor. (drbicuspid.com)
  • We report a case of 16 year old Kosovar male, Albanian ethnicity, who presented with a swelling located in right maxillary region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Crohn disease is an idiopathic disorder that can involve the entire GI tract with transmural inflammation, noncaseating granulomas, and fissures. (medscape.com)
  • Acute and chronic inflammation, with lymphocytic and giant cell perivascular infiltrates, and lymphoid follicles are the most common histologic findings in oral and GI Crohn disease. (medscape.com)
  • Research Center for the Study of Periodontal Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy. (who.int)
  • We describe an immune compromised patient suffering from osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone after tooth extraction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • He had undergone a maxillary tooth extraction 47 days prior to presentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Maxillary right canine impaction was noted and unerupted lateral incisor tooth was present inside the radiolucency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ostium of the Maxillary sinus is of 2.4 mm in diameter with a volume of 10ml located high up on the Medial Wall. (anatomic.us)
  • Infectious or neoplastic disease processes may involve the nasal and maxillary bones. (vin.com)
  • The spine is the most frequent area of bone metastasis in patients with systemic neoplastic disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Nearly all patients with CF show radiologic evidence of mucosal sinus disease, whether or not sinonasal symptoms are present [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A. Image of a mobile dentoalveolar maxillary segment with intact mucosal bone coverage. (drbicuspid.com)
  • Treatment is aimed at correcting (or preventing) tumor compression by excising the disease-causing lesion, and at reducing GH and IGF-I levels to normal values. (orpha.net)
  • Figure 1 ) Previous studies have shown that the extent of sinus disease on CT images does not correlate with symptom severity in patient with chronic rhinosinusitis [ 15 , 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The following summary is from Orphanet , a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. (rareguru.com)
  • Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease, characterized by accumulation of thickened mucous secretions in exocrine glands. (hindawi.com)
  • The high susceptibility for sinus disease in CF patients may be related to altered properties of their mucous secretions, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance. (hindawi.com)
  • GBS isolates from patients with invasive diseases during 2006 -2015 were investigated for capsular serotype, multilocus sequence type (ST), antimicrobial susceptibility, and resistance genes. (medworm.com)
  • Children with craniofacial syndromes, neuromuscular diseases, medical comorbidities, or severe obstructive sleep apnea, and those younger than three years are at increased risk of developing postoperative complications and should be monitored overnight in the hospital. (aafp.org)
  • Children with craniofacial syndromes have fixed anatomic variations that predispose them to airway obstruction, while in children with neuromuscular disease, obstruction is caused by hypotonia. (aafp.org)
  • 4. Subcutaneous tissues and periosteum are incised and reflected to expose the nasal bone and nasomaxillary, frontomaxillary, and frontonasal suture lines, which represent the articulations of the nasal, frontal and maxillary bones. (vin.com)
  • The most frequent presenting symptoms of sinus disease in CF are nasal congestion and purulent nasal discharge, but headache, mouth breathing, anosmia, and hyposmia related to chronic sinus disease are commonly reported as well. (hindawi.com)
  • Symptoms of Crohn disease include intermittent attacks of diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, and fever. (medscape.com)
  • Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. (qxmd.com)
  • Because of the considerable morbidity associated with sinus disease and the growing belief that sinonasal involvement may worsen pulmonary manifestations, the otolaryngologist has become increasingly involved in evaluation and management of CF patients. (hindawi.com)
  • Between January and August 2021, 12 patients prescribed corticosteroids as treatment for COVID-19 developed spontaneous maxillary osteonecrosis. (drbicuspid.com)
  • All patients had at least one comorbidity and developed the serious bone disease within weeks of testing negative for SARS-CoV-2, the authors wrote. (drbicuspid.com)
  • In nine patients, a mobile dentoalveolar maxillary segment was observed. (drbicuspid.com)
  • Intraoral involvement in Crohn disease occurs in 8-29% of patients and may precede intestinal involvement. (medscape.com)
  • However, it seems that the incidence of periodontal disease associated with lateral canals caused by irritants in the dental pulp is low. (docshare.tips)
  • Ostectomy for exploratory rhinotomy may be limited to either right or left nasal cavities for unilateral disease. (vin.com)
  • [ 9 ] Extraintestinal features are also common in persons with Crohn disease, and these may manifest systemically as arthritis, clubbing of the fingers, sacroiliitis, and erythema nodosum. (medscape.com)
  • it is pointed inferiorly and is bounded by the Maxillary Alveolar process. (anatomic.us)
  • The alveolar wound did not heal due to osteomyelitis, for which he had a biopsy of the maxillary bone 23 days prior to presentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Oral findings as described above warrant a full systemic evaluation for intestinal Crohn disease, including referral for colonoscopy and biopsy with histopathologic correlation. (medscape.com)
  • Current approaches of regenerative therapies constitute strategies for bone tissue reparation and engineering, especially in the context of genetical diseases with skeletal defects. (hindawi.com)
  • In vivo implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in mouse maxillary defects was followed by bone neoformation kinetics evaluation using microcomputed tomography. (hindawi.com)
  • Exposure of dentinal tubules may occur due to developmental defects, disease processes, or periodontal or surgical procedures. (docshare.tips)
  • The aim of this study was to understand the influence of surgical repair of cleft lip and palate on the volume of the maxillary sinus of these individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • We present a report of a patient with an osteomyelitis of the maxillary bone with a probable invasive Aspergillus tubingensis infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Labial swelling is most often a cosmetic complaint, but it can be a painful manifestation of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • The disease also has rheumatologic, cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic consequences which determine its prognosis. (orpha.net)