Mesocestoides
Helminthiasis, Animal
Neurocysticercosis
Identification of a novel eosinophil chemotactic cytokine (ECF-L) as a chitinase family protein. (1/24)
A novel eosinophil chemotactic cytokine (ECF-L) was purified from the culture supernatant of splenocytes of mice by a combination of anion-exchange chromatography, Procion red-agarose affinity chromatography, size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and reverse phase HPLC. The NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequence was determined by direct protein sequencing. An ECF-L cDNA clone of 1,506 nucleotides was isolated from a cDNA library, and the nucleotide sequence predicted a mature protein of 397 amino acids. A recombinant ECF-L showed a level of eosinophil chemotactic activity comparable with that of natural ECF-L, and the activity was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to ECF-L. ECF-L also attracted T lymphocytes and bone marrow polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro, whereas it caused selective extravasation of eosinophils in vivo. ECF-L mRNA was highly expressed in spleen, bone marrow, lung, and heart. A comprehensive GenBank data base search revealed that ECF-L is a chitinase family protein. ECF-L retains those amino acids highly conserved among chitinase family proteins, but Asp and Glu residues essential for the proton donation in hydrolysis were replaced by Asn and Gln, respectively. Although ECF-L contains a consensus CXC sequence near the NH(2) terminus akin to chemokine family proteins, the rest of ECF-L shows poor homology with chemokines. (+info)Eosinophil major basic protein-1 does not contribute to allergen-induced airway pathologies in mouse models of asthma. (2/24)
The relationship between eosinophils and the development of Ag-induced pulmonary pathologies, including airway hyper-responsiveness, was investigated using mice deficient for the secondary granule component, major basic protein-1 (mMBP-1). The loss of mMBP-1 had no effect on OVA-induced airway histopathologies or inflammatory cell recruitment. Lung function measurements of knockout mice demonstrated a generalized hyporeactivity to methacholine-induced airflow changes (relative to wild type); however, this baseline phenotype was observable only with methacholine; no relative airflow changes were observed in response to another nonspecific stimulus (serotonin). Moreover, OVA sensitization/aerosol challenge of wild-type and mMBP-1(-/-) mice resulted in identical dose-response changes to either methacholine or serotonin. Thus, the airway hyper-responsiveness in murine models of asthma occurs in the absence of mMBP-1. (+info)Gamma/delta T cell-deficient mice exhibit reduced disease severity and decreased inflammatory response in the brain in murine neurocysticercosis. (3/24)
In a recently developed mouse model for neurocysticercosis, the immune response was characterized by a massive influx of gammadelta T cells and a type 1 pathway of cytokine expression. To understand the role of gammadelta T cells during this infection, the cellular and cytokine response was analyzed in mice that lack gammadelta T cells (TCRdelta(-/-)). In TCRdelta(-/-) mice, Mesocestoides corti metacestodes preferentially invaded the extraparenchymal areas of the brain. Furthermore, parasites were able to escape from the brain and establish a systemic infection with liver and peritoneal involvement. Immunopathological studies indicated that TCRdelta(-/-) mice develop little inflammatory response and less neurological symptomatology. Significantly reduced numbers of T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and mast cells were present in the brain. The cytokine response in the brain of TCRdelta(-/-) mice appears to be a mixed type1/type 2 response with low levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, and IFN-gamma. To further investigate the immunological significance of this cell population, gammadelta T cells were adoptively transferred into intracranially infected TCRdelta(-/-) mice. gammadelta T cells were specifically recruited into the CNS in response to this parasitic infection, and they were able to target the infected brain within 12 h after transfer. These results suggest that gammadelta T cells are key players in the immune response elicited during this CNS infection and direct a type 1 response in wild-type mice upon infection. (+info)CC chemokines mediate leukocyte trafficking into the central nervous system during murine neurocysticercosis: role of gamma delta T cells in amplification of the host immune response. (4/24)
According to a previous report, the degree of the host immune response highly correlates with severity of the disease in the murine model for neurocysticercosis. In wild-type mice, Mesocestoides corti infection induced a rapid and extensive accumulation of gamma delta T cells and macrophages in the brain. NK cells, dendritic cells, alpha beta T cells, and B cells were also recruited to the brain but at lower levels. In contrast, gamma delta T-cell-deficient mice exhibited decreased cellular infiltration and reduced central nervous system (CNS) pathology. To understand the mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment into the CNS, chemokine expression was analyzed in infected brains in the present study. MCP-1 (CCL2), MIP-1 alpha (CCL3), and MIP-1 beta (CCL4) were up-regulated within 2 days after M. corti infection. Protein expression of RANTES (CCL5), eotaxin (CCL11), and MIP-2 was detected later, at 1 week postinfection. Correlating with the decreased cellular infiltration, delta chain T-cell receptor-deficient (TCR delta(-/-)) mice exhibited substantially reduced levels of most of the chemokines analyzed (with the exception of eotaxin). The results suggest that gamma delta T cells play an important role in the CNS immune response by producing chemokines such as MCP-1 and MIP-1 alpha, enhancing leukocyte trafficking into the brain during murine neurocysticercosis. (+info)Short report: a new case report of human Mesocestoides infection in the United States. (5/24)
The twenty-seventh documented case of human Mesocestoides infection, which corresponds to the seventh documented case in the United States, is reported. The case had its origin in Alexandria, Louisiana in the summer of 1998. The patient was a 19-month-old boy. The strobila consisted of 35 proglottids that included mature as well as gravid segments containing a ventral genital pore and a parauterine organ. After a detailed microscopic examination, the tapeworm was identified as belonging to the genus Mesocestoides. Mesocestoides variabilis is the probable species responsible for the infection, since the six cases previously reported in the United States were identified as this species. After the treatment with a single dose of praziquantel (10 mg/kg), the tapeworm segments were no longer detectable in the child's feces. A food-borne origin of this infection derived from culinary customs of the Acadian and Creole communities in Louisiana is proposed. (+info)Second case of human infection with Mesocestoides lineatus in Korea. (6/24)
The second case of human infection with Mesocestoides lineatus in Korea was reported. The patient, a farm worker, complained of abdominal pain and massive discharge of sesame-like proglottids in his stool for several months. Worms, recovered by chemotherapy with niclosamide, consisted of 32 strobilae. This may be the heaviest worm burden in human infection ever reported. The infected man habitually ate the raw viscera of chickens. (+info)Release of O2- and LTC4 by murine eosinophils: role of intra- and extracellular calcium. (7/24)
Using an experimental model of mouse peritoneal eosinophilia, we investigated the role of Ca2+ in the in vitro activation of these cells challenged with specific Mesocestoides corti antigen. We have detected LTC4, a metabolite derived from arachidonic acid by way of 5'lipo-oxygenase and superoxide anion from the oxidative burst, as inflammatory mediators produced by activated eosinophils. Preincubation with hyperimmune mice serum increases the amount of LTC4 and superoxide anion in response to the antigenic extract. Release of O2- is inhibited by Verapamil (a voltage-gated calcium channel) and Quin 2 (an intracellular trapped chelator of calcium). Also, LTC4 produced by preincubated eosinophils challenged with M. corti is dramatically inhibited by Quin 2. Our results suggest an intact mechanism for calcium control for the release of these inflammatory mediators by eosinophils, after specific antigenic stimulation. (+info)Expression and distribution of Toll-like receptors in the brain during murine neurocysticercosis. (8/24)
In a mouse model of neurocysticercosis, the expression and distribution of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was investigated by using both gene array analyses and in situ immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). In the normal uninfected brain, mRNA of all the TLRs are constitutively expressed albeit TLR5, TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9 to a lesser extent. In these animals, however, expression of TLR1, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 proteins was not detected. In contrast, parasite infection increased both gene and protein level expression of all the TLRs several fold except TLR5 where only the mRNA was upregulated. Importantly, TLRs were differentially distributed among various central nervous system (CNS) cell types and infiltrating leukocytes. TLR2 was almost exclusively localized to nervous tissue cells, particularly astrocytes, while TLR1 and TLR9 proteins were essentially limited to infiltrating leukocytes. All other TLRs tested were detected in both CNS and immune cell types. Interestingly, ependymal cells and neurofilaments of the cerebellar white matter of infected mice exhibited a substantial upregulation of TLR7 and TLR8 proteins respectively. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of TLR expression in the normal and parasite infected brain and suggest a role for TLRs in the interplay of immune cells and CNS cells during infection. (+info)Mesocestoides is not a term that has a medical definition on its own. However, it is a genus of tapeworms that can infect various animals, including humans, and cause a condition known as mesocestoidiasis. Here's a brief overview of Mesocestoides and the related condition:
Mesocestoides are tapeworms that belong to the order Cyclophyllidea and the family Mesocestoididae. These parasites have a complex life cycle involving one or two intermediate hosts, such as arthropods (like fleas or beetles) and vertebrates (like rodents or birds), before infecting the definitive host, which can be a wide range of carnivorous animals, including dogs, cats, and even humans.
In humans, Mesocestoides infections typically occur after ingesting undercooked meat or offal from an infected intermediate host. The larvae then develop into adult tapeworms in the human intestine. Symptoms of mesocestoidiasis can vary but may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. In rare cases, the larval stages of Mesocestoides can migrate to other organs, causing more severe symptoms and complications.
It's important to note that mesocestoidiasis is a relatively rare condition in humans, and accurate diagnosis and treatment usually require specialized medical expertise. Preventive measures include cooking meat thoroughly and practicing good hygiene when handling raw meat or offal.
Cestode infections, also known as tapeworm infections, are caused by the ingestion of larval cestodes (tapeworms) present in undercooked meat or contaminated water. The most common types of cestode infections in humans include:
1. Taeniasis: This is an infection with the adult tapeworm of the genus Taenia, such as Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and Taenia solium (pork tapeworm). Humans become infected by consuming undercooked beef or pork that contains viable tapeworm larvae. The larvae then mature into adult tapeworms in the human intestine, where they can live for several years, producing eggs that are passed in the feces.
2. Hydatid disease: This is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, which is commonly found in dogs and other carnivores. Humans become infected by accidentally ingesting eggs present in dog feces or contaminated food or water. The eggs hatch in the human intestine and release larvae that migrate to various organs, such as the liver or lungs, where they form hydatid cysts. These cysts can grow slowly over several years and cause symptoms depending on their location and size.
3. Diphyllobothriasis: This is an infection with the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum, which is found in freshwater fish. Humans become infected by consuming raw or undercooked fish that contain viable tapeworm larvae. The larvae mature into adult tapeworms in the human intestine and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vitamin B12 deficiency.
Preventing cestode infections involves practicing good hygiene, cooking meat thoroughly, avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked fish, and washing fruits and vegetables carefully before eating. In some cases, treatment with antiparasitic drugs may be necessary to eliminate the tapeworms from the body.
Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms belonging to the phylum Platyhelminthes, also known as flatworms. Cestodes are commonly known as tapeworms and have a long, flat, segmented body that can grow to considerable length in their adult form. They lack a digestive system and absorb nutrients through their body surface.
Cestodes have a complex life cycle involving one or two intermediate hosts, usually insects or crustaceans, and a definitive host, which is typically a mammal, including humans. The tapeworm's larval stage develops in the intermediate host, and when the definitive host consumes the infected intermediate host, the larvae mature into adults in the host's intestine.
Humans can become infected with tapeworms by eating raw or undercooked meat from infected animals or through accidental ingestion of contaminated water or food containing tapeworm eggs or larvae. Infection with tapeworms can cause various symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and vitamin deficiencies.
Helminthiasis, in general, refers to the infection or infestation of humans and animals by helminths, which are parasitic worms. When referring to "Animal Helminthiasis," it specifically pertains to the condition where animals, including domestic pets and livestock, are infected by various helminth species. These parasitic worms can reside in different organs of the animal's body, leading to a wide range of clinical signs depending on the worm species and the location of the infestation.
Animal Helminthiasis can be caused by different types of helminths:
1. Nematodes (roundworms): These include species like Ascaris suum in pigs, Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in cats, and Toxocara canis in dogs. They can cause gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss.
2. Cestodes (tapeworms): Examples include Taenia saginata in cattle, Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and goats, and Dipylidium caninum in dogs and cats. Tapeworm infestations may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea or constipation and may also cause vitamin deficiencies due to the worm's ability to absorb nutrients from the host animal's digestive system.
3. Trematodes (flukes): These include liver flukes such as Fasciola hepatica in sheep, goats, and cattle, and schistosomes that can affect various animals, including birds and mammals. Liver fluke infestations may cause liver damage, leading to symptoms like weight loss, decreased appetite, and jaundice. Schistosome infestations can lead to issues in multiple organs depending on the species involved.
Preventing and controlling Helminthiasis in animals is crucial for maintaining animal health and welfare, as well as ensuring food safety for humans who consume products from these animals. Regular deworming programs, good hygiene practices, proper pasture management, and monitoring for clinical signs are essential components of a comprehensive parasite control strategy.
Neurocysticercosis is a neurological disorder caused by the infection of the brain's tissue with larval stages of the parasitic tapeworm, Taenia solium. The larvae, called cysticerci, can invade various parts of the body including the brain and the central nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms such as seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders.
The infection typically occurs when a person ingests tapeworm eggs through contaminated food or water, and the larvae hatch and migrate to various tissues in the body. In neurocysticercosis, the cysticerci can cause inflammation, swelling, and damage to brain tissue, leading to neurological symptoms that can vary depending on the location and number of cysts in the brain.
Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis typically involves a combination of imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans, blood tests, and sometimes lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to examine cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment may involve anti-parasitic medications to eliminate the cysts, anti-inflammatory drugs to manage swelling and inflammation, and symptomatic treatment for seizures or other neurological symptoms.
Mesocestoides
Nicarbazin
Eucestoda
Mesocestoididae
Monohydrocalcite
Robert E. Ogren
Pachysentis
List of dog diseases
Haseman's gecko
Stoat
Cat worm infections
Gray fox
Golden jackal
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Mesocestoides - Wikipedia
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2961 : Uptake of 5-Hydroxytryptamine by Mesocestoides Corti (Cestoda). : Hariri M
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Corti4
- Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2961 : Uptake of 5-Hydroxytryptamine by Mesocestoides Corti (Cestoda). (erowid.org)
- The kinetics of the uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) in tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti were studied. (erowid.org)
- Here we report that this mechanism is present in three different species of cestodes, Taenia crassiceps, Mesocestoides corti and Echinococcus multilocularis. (conicet.gov.ar)
- Mesocestoides corti) tetrathyridia at various concentrations. (bvsalud.org)
Cestoda1
- Hubert Ferté combines subjects such as Mesocestoides, Cestoda, Gastropoda and Arctic fox, Lagopus with his study of Intermediate host. (research.com)
Vogae2
- Tritiated thymidine ([H-3]-TdR) and immunocytochemical tracing of cellular fate within the asexually dividing cestode Mesocestoides vogae (syn. (ulster.ac.uk)
- Of those, the selective SIRT2 inhibitor Mz25 showed a strong cestocidal activity in Mesocestoides vogae (syn. (bvsalud.org)
Lineatus2
- Among the parasites of medical interest, Joyeuxiella echinorhyncoides showed the highest prevalence (19.7%), followed by Diplopylidium acanthotetra (10.5%), Joyeuxiella pasqualei, Mesocestoides lineatus (5.6%) and Physaloptera sp. (bvsalud.org)
- Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, Mesocestoides lineatus) indicate the potential health risk associated with pets preying on these small vertebrates. (bvsalud.org)
Tapeworm1
- This is Mesocestoides , a cyclophyllidean tapeworm of dogs. (ncvetp.org)
Multiceps1
- Multiceps multiceps, Mesocestoides spp. (mydrxm.com)
Prevalence1
- Global prevalence of Mesocestoides infections in animals-A systematic review and meta-analysis. (edu.mx)
Echinococcus3
- Rare tapeworm infections are caused by species of the genera Echinococcus, Mesocestoides, and Spirometra. (dogdisease.info)
- Studies demonstrated how praziquantel dog dewormers can also treat infections associated with other types of tapeworms, including Taenia species and Mesocestoides and Echinococcus species ( 5 , 6 , 7 ). (topdogtips.com)
- The common tapeworm of dogs and cats, Dipylidium caninum , is the usual target of this medication although praziquantel is also effective against less common types of tapeworms such as Taenia species and the more dangerous Mesocestoides species and Echinococcus species. (vin.com)
Taenia1
- Uncinaria spp: preimaginal and primary cestodes: Dipylidium caninum, Taenia spp, Mesocestoides spp. (loopyvet.com)
Mesocestoididae1
- Mesocestoides is a genus of flatworms belonging to the family Mesocestoididae. (wikipedia.org)
Cestode1
- Adults of the cestode genus Mesocestoides occur in dogs, cats, free-ranging carnivores, and very rarely people, in many parts of the world. (usask.ca)
Infection4
- Two forms of disease are caused by infection of small animals with Mesocestoides spp. (capcvet.org)
- Both dogs and cats are susceptible to infection with Mesocestoides spp. (capcvet.org)
- Short report: a new case report of human Mesocestoides infection in the United States. (ajtmh.org)
- Mesocestoides infection in captive olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis). (ajtmh.org)
Hosts1
- Rodents and lizards were found in the stomach contents and they possibly were intermediate hosts of Mesocestoides sp. (scite.ai)