The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)
A FLAVOPROTEIN oxidoreductase that occurs both as a soluble enzyme and a membrane-bound enzyme due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of a single mRNA. The soluble form is present mainly in ERYTHROCYTES and is involved in the reduction of METHEMOGLOBIN. The membrane-bound form of the enzyme is found primarily in the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and outer mitochondrial membrane, where it participates in the desaturation of FATTY ACIDS; CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis and drug metabolism. A deficiency in the enzyme can result in METHEMOGLOBINEMIA.
A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.
Cytochrome reductases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of electrons from donor molecules to cytochromes in electron transport chains, playing a crucial role in cellular respiration and energy production within cells.
Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin where the iron within the heme group is in the ferric (Fe3+) state, unable to bind oxygen and leading to impaired oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)
A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.
Substances that suppress Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorate the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduce the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.
An accumulation of purulent material in the area between the PALATINE TONSIL and its capsule.
Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.
The reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with ferric iron to yield a dark blue precipitate at the sites of the ferric iron. Used to determine ferric iron in tissues, particularly in the diagnosis of disorders of iron metabolism.
A morbid condition due to the presence of sulfmethemoglobin in the blood. It is marked by persistent cyanosis, but the blood count does not reveal any special abnormality in the blood. It is thought to be caused by the action of hydrogen sulfide absorbed from the intestine. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older "coffee-ground" in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.
Fractures of the lower jaw.
The determination of oxygen-hemoglobin saturation of blood either by withdrawing a sample and passing it through a classical photoelectric oximeter or by electrodes attached to some translucent part of the body like finger, earlobe, or skin fold. It includes non-invasive oxygen monitoring by pulse oximetry.
Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.
A species of CORONAVIRUS causing atypical respiratory disease (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME) in humans. The organism is believed to have first emerged in Guangdong Province, China, in 2002. The natural host is the Chinese horseshoe bat, RHINOLOPHUS sinicus.
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.
A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.
A class I viral fusion protein that forms the characteristic spikes, or peplomers, found on the viral surface that mediate virus attachment, fusion, and entry into the host cell. During virus maturation, it is cleaved into two subunits: S1, which binds to receptors in the host cell, and S2, which mediates membrane fusion.
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.
A genus of the family CORONAVIRIDAE which causes respiratory or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of vertebrates.

Infantile methemoglobinemia: reexamining the role of drinking water nitrates. (1/156)

Ingestion of nitrates in drinking water has long been thought to be a primary cause of acquired infantile methemoglobinemia, often called blue baby syndrome. However, recent research and a review of historical cases offer a more complex picture of the causes of infantile methemoglobinemia. Gastrointestinal infection and inflammation and the ensuing overproduction of nitric oxide may be the cause of many cases of infantile methemoglobinemia previously attributed to drinking water nitrates. If so, current limits on allowable levels of nitrates in drinking water, which are based solely on the health threat of infantile methemoglobinemia, may be unnecessarily strict.  (+info)

A case of methemoglobinemia after ingestion of an aphrodisiac, later proven as dapsone. (2/156)

Methemoglobin (MetHb) is an oxidation product of hemoglobin in which the sixth coordination position of ferric iron is bound to a water molecule or to a hydroxyl group. The most common cause of acquired MetHb-emia is accidental poisoning which usually is the result of ingestion of water containing nitrates or food containing nitrite, and sometimes the inhalation or ingestion of butyl or amyl nitrite used as an aphrodisiac. We herein report a case of MetHb-emia after ingestion of an aphrodisiac, later identified as dapsone by gas chromatograph/mass selective detector (GC/MSD). A 24-year old male was admitted due to cyanosis after ingestion of a drug purchased as an aphrodisiac. On arterial blood gas analysis, pH was 7.32, PaCO2 26.8 mmHg, PaO2 75.6 mmHg, and bicarbonate 13.9 mmol/L. Initial pulse oxymetry was 89%. With 3 liter of nasal oxygen supplement, oxygen saturation was increased to 90-92%, but cyanosis did not disappear. Despite continuous supplement of oxygen, cyanosis was not improved. On the fifth hospital day, MetHb was 24.9%. Methylene blue was administered (2 mg/kg intravenously) and the patient rapidly improved. We proved the composition of aphrodisiac as dapsone by the method of GC/MSD.  (+info)

Adaptation of cytochrome-b5 reductase activity and methaemoglobinaemia in areas with a high nitrate concentration in drinking-water. (3/156)

An epidemiological investigation was undertaken in India to assess the prevalence of methaemoglobinaemia in areas with high nitrate concentration in drinking-water and the possible association with an adaptation of cytochrome-b5 reductase. Five areas were selected, with average nitrate ion concentrations in drinking-water of 26, 45, 95, 222 and 459 mg/l. These areas were visited and house schedules were prepared in accordance with a statistically designed protocol. A sample of 10% of the total population was selected in each of the areas, matched for age and weight, giving a total of 178 persons in five age groups. For each subject, a detailed history was documented, a medical examination was conducted and blood samples were taken to determine methaemoglobin level and cytochrome-b5 reductase activity. Collected data were subjected to statistical analysis to test for a possible relationship between nitrate concentration, cytochrome-b5 reductase activity and methaemoglobinaemia. High nitrate concentrations caused methaemoglobinaemia in infants and adults. The reserve of cytochrome-b5 reductase activity (i.e. the enzyme activity not currently being used, but which is available when needed; for example, under conditions of increased nitrate ingestion) and its adaptation with increasing water nitrate concentration to reduce methaemoglobin were more pronounced in children and adolescents.  (+info)

Methaemoglobinemia in nitrobenzene poisoning. (4/156)

A young girl with nitrobenzene induced methaemoglobinaemia was saved by the timely use of mechanical ventilator, administration of oral methylene blue and parenteral ascorbic acid. Though parenteral methylene blue is the antidote of choice, due to its non-availability, the laboratory preparation of methylene blue have been utilized orally. The rare occurrence of such cases, and the efficacy of oral methylene blue and other supportive measures in evading death due to Nitrobenzene poisoning have been highlighted.  (+info)

Acute metobromuron poisoning with severe associated methemoglobinemia. Identification of four metabolites in plasma and urine by LC-DAD, LC-ESI-MS, and LC-ESI-MS-MS. (5/156)

A case of self poisoning with metobromuron, a urea derivative used as a herbicide, is reported. Severe methemoglobinemia observed at the admission (80%) disappeared only at day 11, and hemolysis appeared at day 4 and decreased slowly to day 12. Metobromuron was analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Initial plasma concentration and elimination half-life were 4.9 mg/L and 5 h, respectively. Several metabolites were also detected, and four of those were identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Normetobromuron, bromophenylurea, and bromoacetanilide were detected in plasma, but only N-methyl bromophenylurea was detected in urine. Bromoacetanilide probably results from acetylation of the intermediate bromoaniline. Methemoglobinemia could result from metabolization of metobromuron to bromoaniline and bromoacetanilide.  (+info)

A novel mutation in the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase gene of a Chinese patient with recessive congenital methemoglobinemia. (6/156)

Recessive congenital methemoglobinemia due to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) deficiency is classified into 2 clinical types: type 1 (erythrocyte type) and type 2 (generalized type). We found a Chinese family with type 1 recessive congenital methemoglobinemia, the patients from which were diagnosed according to clinical symptoms and b5R enzyme activity in the blood cells. To learn the molecular basis of type 1 recessive congenital methemoglobinemia in this Chinese family, we isolated total RNA from the peripheral leukocytes of the propositus and b5R complementary DNA (cDNA) by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The coding region of the b5R cDNA was analyzed by sequencing the cloned PCR products. The results showed that the propositus was homozygous for a G-->A transition at codon 203 in exon 7, changing a cysteine to a tyrosine (Cys203Tyr). To characterize the mutant enzyme, both glutathione S-transferase (GST)-fused wild-type b5R and GST-fused mutant Cys203Tyr b5R were expressed in Escherichia coli and affinity purified. The results showed that the catalytic activity of the enzyme was not much affected by this amino acid substitution, but the mutant enzyme exhibited decreased heat stability and increased susceptibility to trypsin. These properties of the mutant enzyme would account for the restricted b5R deficiency and mild clinical manifestations of these type 1 patients. The finding of this novel mutation makes codon 203 the only position within the b5R gene at which more than 1 mutation has been found.  (+info)

Evaluation of cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and genotoxicity induced by p-cresidine in hetero- and nullizygous transgenic p53 mice. (7/156)

The heterozygous p53 knockout mouse is being used as a short-term alternative model for carcinogenicity screening of chemicals. In most cases, these mice develop tumors within 6 months of exposure to genotoxic carcinogens. The bladder and liver carcinogen, p-cresidine, is recommended as a positive control chemical for these assays. To evaluate early effects of p53 deficiency on bladder and liver histopathology and genotoxicity induced by p-cresidine, we treated 4-week-old heterozygous and nullizygous p53 male mice with p-cresidine by gavage (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day) 5 days/week for 7 weeks. Tissue sections were prepared for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for PCNA protein or 3'-OH DNA fragments to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Blood and bone marrow were examined for methemoglobin and micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE), respectively. Individual cell necrosis of the bladder transitional epithelium was evident in both p53 heterozygous and nullizygous mice at all doses. In addition, diffuse hyperplasia of the bladder epithelium was observed at 400 and 800 mg/kg in both genotypes. In the liver, both genotypes exhibited similar increases in hepatocyte apoptosis (10-fold increase) and cell proliferation (20-fold increase) at 800 mg/kg/day. Methemoglobin levels were increased 6-fold in both genotypes at 800 mg/kg. Background MN-PCE rates were similar in both genotypes and there were no treatment-related increases. Also, no point mutations were observed in codon 12 of the c-Ha-ras gene from urinary bladder DNA from p-cresidine treated p53 mice. These results suggest that loss of p53 allele(s) in mice does not influence the early markers of carcinogenic activity induced by subchronic treatment with p-cresidine. Increased tumor susceptibility associated with a reduction in p53 dosage may be dependent on neoplastic progression rather than initiation and promotional events elicited by p-cresidine.  (+info)

Blue babies and nitrate-contaminated well water. (8/156)

The use of nitrate-contaminated drinking water to prepare infant formula is a well-known risk factor for infant methemoglobinemia. Affected infants develop a peculiar blue-gray skin color and may become irritable or lethargic, depending on the severity of their condition. The condition can progress rapidly to cause coma and death if it is not recognized and treated appropriately. Two cases of blue baby syndrome were recently investigated. Both cases involved infants who became ill after being fed formula that was reconstituted with water from private wells. Water samples collected from these wells during the infants' illnesses contained nitrate-nitrogen concentrations of 22.9 and 27.4 mg/L.  (+info)

Methemoglobinemia is a medical condition characterized by an increased level of methemoglobin in the blood. Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that cannot effectively transport oxygen throughout the body due to the iron atom within its structure being oxidized from the ferrous (Fe2+) state to the ferric (Fe3+) state.

Under normal circumstances, methemoglobin levels are kept below 1% of total hemoglobin. However, when these levels rise above 10%, it can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, headache, fatigue, and cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes). Severe methemoglobinemia, with levels exceeding 50%, can result in life-threatening complications, including seizures, coma, and even death.

Methemoglobinemia can be congenital or acquired. Congenital methemoglobinemia is caused by genetic defects affecting the enzymes responsible for reducing methemoglobin back to its functional form, hemoglobin. Acquired methemoglobinemia can result from exposure to certain medications, chemicals, or toxins that oxidize hemoglobin and increase methemoglobin levels. Treatment typically involves administering methylene blue, a reducing agent that helps convert methemoglobin back to functional hemoglobin. In severe cases or when methylene blue is contraindicated, alternative treatments such as exchange transfusions or hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be considered.

Benzocaine is a local anesthetic agent that works by numbing the skin or mucous membranes to block pain signals from reaching the brain. It is commonly used as a topical medication in the form of creams, gels, sprays, lozenges, and ointments to relieve pain associated with minor cuts, burns, sunburn, sore throat, mouth ulcers, and other conditions that cause discomfort or irritation.

Benzocaine works by temporarily reducing the sensitivity of nerve endings in the affected area, which helps to alleviate pain and provide a soothing effect. It is generally considered safe when used as directed, but it can have some side effects such as skin irritation, stinging, burning, or allergic reactions.

It's important to note that benzocaine products should not be used on deep wounds, puncture injuries, or serious burns, and they should not be applied to large areas of the body or used for prolonged periods without medical supervision. Overuse or misuse of benzocaine can lead to rare but serious side effects such as methemoglobinemia, a condition that affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Cyanosis is a medical term that refers to the bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood. This occurs when the level of deoxygenated hemoglobin (the form of hemoglobin that has released its oxygen) in the blood is increased, causing a blue or purple tint to appear, especially in the lips, fingertips, and nail beds.

Cyanosis can be central or peripheral. Central cyanosis affects the entire body and results from low levels of oxygen in the arterial blood, often due to heart or lung conditions that impair oxygen exchange. Peripheral cyanosis is localized to the extremities, usually caused by poor circulation or cold exposure, which can lead to sluggish blood flow and slow oxygen uptake in the tissues.

It's important to note that cyanosis may not always be visually apparent, particularly in individuals with darker skin tones. In these cases, other signs of hypoxia (low oxygen levels) should be considered for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Cytochrome reductases are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in the electron transport chain, a process that occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Specifically, cytochrome reductases are responsible for transferring electrons from one component of the electron transport chain to another, specifically to cytochromes.

There are several types of cytochrome reductases, including NADH dehydrogenase (also known as Complex I), succinate dehydrogenase (also known as Complex II), and ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase (also known as Complex III). These enzymes help to facilitate the flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, which is essential for the production of ATP and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.

Defects in cytochrome reductases can lead to a variety of mitochondrial diseases, which can affect multiple organ systems and may be associated with symptoms such as muscle weakness, developmental delays, and cardiac dysfunction.

Methemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin in which the iron within the heme group is in the ferric (Fe3+) state instead of the ferrous (Fe2+) state. This oxidation reduces its ability to bind and transport oxygen effectively, leading to methemoglobinemia when methemoglobin levels become too high. Methemoglobin has a limited capacity to release oxygen to tissues, which can result in hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply) and cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes).

Methemoglobin is normally present in small amounts in the blood, but certain factors such as exposure to oxidizing agents, genetic predisposition, or certain medications can increase its levels. Elevated methemoglobin levels can be treated with methylene blue, which helps restore the iron within hemoglobin back to its ferrous state and improves oxygen transport capacity.

Dapsone is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called sulfones. It is primarily used to treat bacterial skin infections such as leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis (a skin condition associated with coeliac disease). Dapsone works by killing the bacteria responsible for these infections.

In addition, dapsone has anti-inflammatory properties and is sometimes used off-label to manage inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis, bullous pemphigoid, and chronic urticaria. It is available in oral tablet form and topical cream or gel form.

Like all medications, dapsone can cause side effects, which may include nausea, loss of appetite, and headache. More serious side effects, such as methemoglobinemia (a blood disorder that affects the body's ability to transport oxygen), peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage that causes pain, numbness, or weakness in the hands and feet), and liver damage, can occur but are less common.

It is important for patients taking dapsone to be monitored by a healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.

Methylene Blue is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C16H18ClN3S. It is primarily used as a medication, but can also be used as a dye or as a chemical reagent. As a medication, it is used in the treatment of methemoglobinemia (a condition where an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood), as well as in some forms of poisoning and infections. It works by acting as a reducing agent, converting methemoglobin back to hemoglobin, which is the form of the protein that is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood. Methylene Blue has also been used off-label for other conditions, such as vasculitis and Alzheimer's disease, although its effectiveness for these uses is not well established.

It is important to note that Methylene Blue should be used with caution, as it can cause serious side effects in some people, particularly those with kidney or liver problems, or those who are taking certain medications. It is also important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider when using this medication, as improper use can lead to toxicity.

Leprosstatic agents are substances or drugs that have a specific effect on the bacterium that causes leprosy, also known as Mycobacterium leprae. These agents are used in the treatment and prevention of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract.

The most common leprostatic agents are antibiotics, which target the bacterial cells and inhibit their growth or kill them. The two main antibiotics used to treat leprosy are dapsone and rifampicin, which are often given in combination with other drugs such as clofazimine to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria.

Leprosstatic agents are usually administered orally or by injection, and the duration of treatment can vary depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's response to therapy. It is important to note that early detection and treatment of leprosy can help prevent the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of transmission to others.

Prilocaine is an amide local anesthetic that is often used in topical, injectable, and regional anesthesia. It is commonly combined with lidocaine to reduce the risk of methhemoglobinemia, a rare but potentially serious side effect that can occur with prilocaine use.

Prilocaine works by blocking sodium channels in nerve cell membranes, which prevents the transmission of nerve impulses and results in local anesthesia. It has a rapid onset of action and a relatively short duration of effect.

In addition to its use as a local anesthetic, prilocaine is also used in some dental procedures and for the treatment of premature ejaculation. As with any medication, prilocaine can have side effects, including allergic reactions, numbness, tingling, and pain at the injection site. It should be used with caution in patients with certain medical conditions, such as heart disease, liver or kidney dysfunction, and in pregnant or breastfeeding women.

A Peritonsillar Abscess (also known as a Quinsy) is a localized collection of pus in the peritonsillar space, which is the potential space between the tonsillar capsule and the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is a serious complication of tonsillitis or pharyngitis, often caused by bacterial infection. The abscess can cause severe pain, difficulty swallowing, fever, and swelling of the neck and face. If left untreated, it can lead to more severe complications such as airway obstruction or the spread of infection. Treatment typically involves drainage of the abscess, antibiotics, and supportive care.

Sodium nitrite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaNO2. Medically, it is used as a vasodilator and an antidote for cyanide poisoning. It is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder that is very soluble in water and moderately soluble in alcohol. In solution, it is easily oxidized to sodium nitrate (NaNO3), which is stable and less toxic.

In the food industry, sodium nitrite is used as a preservative and coloring agent in meat and fish products. It helps prevent the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Clostridium botulinum, which can cause botulism. However, under certain conditions, sodium nitrite can react with proteins in food to form potentially carcinogenic compounds, so its use is regulated.

The Prussian Blue reaction, also known as the Turnbull's blue reaction or the Bertrand's reaction, is a chemical test used in pathology and laboratory medicine. It is primarily used to detect the presence of iron (III) in a specimen. The test involves reducing iron (III) to iron (II) by adding potassium ferrocyanide, which forms a bright blue-colored complex known as Prussian Blue.

The reaction can be summarized as follows:
Fe3+ + K4[Fe(CN)6] + 8H+ -> Fe(CN)6^4- + 4Fe2+ + 4K+ + 6H2O

The resulting Prussian Blue pigment is insoluble and can be visualized as a blue deposit in the specimen. This reaction is commonly used to identify iron deposits in tissue sections, such as those found in hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis. It can also be used to detect iron in other types of samples, including feces, urine, and blood.

It's important to note that the Prussian Blue reaction is not specific for iron (III) and can be positive with other metal ions, such as cobalt (II), copper (II), and chromium (III). Therefore, it should be used in conjunction with other tests to confirm the presence of iron.

Sulfhemoglobinemia is a rare condition characterized by the presence of sulfhemoglobin in the blood, which is a dark brown or black colored form of hemoglobin that cannot effectively transport oxygen. Sulfhemoglobin is formed when the heme component of hemoglobin combines with sulfur-containing compounds, such as certain medications (e.g., sulfonamides), industrial chemicals, or byproducts of metabolism.

The accumulation of sulfhemoglobin in the blood can lead to a decrease in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting in symptoms such as cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes), shortness of breath, fatigue, and headache. Severe or prolonged sulfhemoglobinemia can cause more serious complications, including heart failure, seizures, and even death.

Treatment for sulfhemoglobinemia typically involves discontinuing the offending agent, if possible, and supportive care to manage symptoms. In some cases, blood transfusions or medications that promote the breakdown of sulfhemoglobin may be necessary. The prognosis for sulfhemoglobinemia depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause.

Hematemesis is the medical term for vomiting blood. It can range in appearance from bright red blood to dark, coffee-ground material that results from the stomach acid digesting the blood. Hematemesis is often a sign of a serious condition, such as bleeding in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum, and requires immediate medical attention. The underlying cause can be various, including gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, or tumors.

An antidote is a substance that can counteract the effects of a poison or toxin. It works by neutralizing, reducing, or eliminating the harmful effects of the toxic substance. Antidotes can be administered in various forms such as medications, vaccines, or treatments. They are often used in emergency situations to save lives and prevent serious complications from poisoning.

The effectiveness of an antidote depends on several factors, including the type and amount of toxin involved, the timing of administration, and the individual's response to treatment. In some cases, multiple antidotes may be required to treat a single poisoning incident. It is important to note that not all poisons have specific antidotes, and in such cases, supportive care and symptomatic treatment may be necessary.

Examples of common antidotes include:

* Naloxone for opioid overdose
* Activated charcoal for certain types of poisoning
* Digoxin-specific antibodies for digoxin toxicity
* Fomepizole for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
* Dimercaprol for heavy metal poisoning.

A mandibular fracture is a break or crack in the lower jaw (mandible) bone. It can occur at any point along the mandible, but common sites include the condyle (the rounded end near the ear), the angle (the curved part of the jaw), and the symphysis (the area where the two halves of the jaw meet in the front). Mandibular fractures are typically caused by trauma, such as a direct blow to the face or a fall. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty chewing or speaking, and malocclusion (misalignment) of the teeth. Treatment usually involves immobilization with wires or screws to allow the bone to heal properly.

Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method for monitoring a person's oxygen saturation (SO2) and pulse rate. It uses a device called a pulse oximeter, which measures the amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the blood compared to the amount of hemoglobin that is not carrying oxygen. This measurement is expressed as a percentage, known as oxygen saturation (SpO2). Normal oxygen saturation levels are generally 95% or above at sea level. Lower levels may indicate hypoxemia, a condition where there is not enough oxygen in the blood to meet the body's needs. Pulse oximetry is commonly used in hospitals and other healthcare settings to monitor patients during surgery, in intensive care units, and in sleep studies to detect conditions such as sleep apnea. It can also be used by individuals with certain medical conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), to monitor their oxygen levels at home.

Local anesthetics are a type of medication that is used to block the sensation of pain in a specific area of the body. They work by temporarily numbing the nerves in that area, preventing them from transmitting pain signals to the brain. Local anesthetics can be administered through various routes, including topical application (such as creams or gels), injection (such as into the skin or tissues), or regional nerve blocks (such as epidural or spinal anesthesia).

Some common examples of local anesthetics include lidocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine. These medications can be used for a variety of medical procedures, ranging from minor surgeries (such as dental work or skin biopsies) to more major surgeries (such as joint replacements or hernia repairs).

Local anesthetics are generally considered safe when used appropriately, but they can have side effects and potential complications. These may include allergic reactions, toxicity (if too much is administered), and nerve damage (if the medication is injected into a nerve). It's important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully when using local anesthetics, and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This virus is a member of the Coronaviridae family and is thought to be transmitted most readily through close person-to-person contact via respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

The SARS outbreak began in southern China in 2002 and spread to several other countries before it was contained. The illness causes symptoms such as fever, chills, and body aches, which progress to a dry cough and sometimes pneumonia. Some people also report diarrhea. In severe cases, the illness can cause respiratory failure or death.

It's important to note that SARS is not currently a global health concern, as there have been no known cases since 2004. However, it remains a significant example of how quickly and widely a new infectious disease can spread in today's interconnected world.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects the normal functioning of an enzyme called G6PD. This enzyme is found in red blood cells and plays a crucial role in protecting them from damage.

In people with G6PD deficiency, the enzyme's activity is reduced or absent, making their red blood cells more susceptible to damage and destruction, particularly when they are exposed to certain triggers such as certain medications, infections, or foods. This can lead to a condition called hemolysis, where the red blood cells break down prematurely, leading to anemia, jaundice, and in severe cases, kidney failure.

G6PD deficiency is typically inherited from one's parents in an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that males are more likely to be affected than females. While there is no cure for G6PD deficiency, avoiding triggers and managing symptoms can help prevent complications.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is a viral respiratory illness characterized by fever, cough, shortness of breath, and sometimes severe pneumonia. It is caused by the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV).

The syndrome is considered severe due to its potential to cause rapid spread in communities and healthcare settings, and for its high case fatality rate. In the global outbreak of 2002-2003, approximately 8,000 people were infected and nearly 800 died. Since then, no large outbreaks have been reported, although there have been isolated cases linked to laboratory accidents or animal exposures.

SARS is transmitted through close contact with an infected person's respiratory droplets, such as when they cough or sneeze. It can also be spread by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes. Healthcare workers and others in close contact with infected individuals are at higher risk of infection.

Preventive measures include good personal hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, wearing masks and other protective equipment when in close contact with infected individuals, and practicing respiratory etiquette (covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing). Infected individuals should be isolated and receive appropriate medical care to help manage their symptoms and prevent transmission to others.

A spike glycoprotein in coronaviruses is a type of protein that extends from the surface of the virus and gives it its characteristic crown-like appearance (hence the name "corona," which is Latin for "crown"). This protein plays a crucial role in the infection process of the virus. It allows the virus to attach to and enter specific cells in the host organism, typically through binding to a receptor on the cell surface. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, the spike protein binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on cells in various tissues, including the lungs, heart, and gastrointestinal tract.

The spike protein is composed of two subunits: S1 and S2. The S1 subunit contains the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which recognizes and binds to the host cell receptor. After binding, the S2 subunit mediates the fusion of the viral membrane with the host cell membrane, allowing the viral genome to enter the host cell and initiate infection.

The spike protein is also a primary target for neutralizing antibodies generated by the host immune system during infection or following vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies bind to specific regions of the spike protein, preventing it from interacting with host cell receptors and thus inhibiting viral entry into cells.

In summary, a spike glycoprotein in coronaviruses is a crucial structural and functional component that facilitates viral attachment, fusion, and entry into host cells. Its importance in the infection process makes it an essential target for vaccine development and therapeutic interventions.

Hemolysis is the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells, resulting in the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid (plasma). This process can occur due to various reasons such as chemical agents, infections, autoimmune disorders, mechanical trauma, or genetic abnormalities. Hemolysis may lead to anemia and jaundice, among other complications. It is essential to monitor hemolysis levels in patients undergoing medical treatments that might cause this condition.

A coronavirus is a type of virus that causes respiratory illnesses, such as the common cold, and more severe diseases including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). These viruses are typically spread through close contact with an infected person when they cough or sneeze. They can also spread by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching your own mouth, nose, or eyes.

Coronaviruses are named for the crown-like spikes on their surface. They are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted between animals and people. Common signs of infection include fever, cough, and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome, kidney failure, and even death.

One of the most recently discovered coronaviruses is SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19. This virus was first identified in Wuhan, China in late 2019 and has since spread to become a global pandemic.

... , or methaemoglobinaemia, is a condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood. Symptoms may include headache ... Methemoglobinemia may be acquired. Classical drug causes of methemoglobinaemia include various antibiotics (trimethoprim, ... Methemoglobinemia can be due to certain medications, chemicals, or food or it can be inherited. Substances involved may include ... Methemoglobinemia is relatively uncommon, with most cases being acquired rather than genetic. Signs and symptoms of ...
... methemoglobinemia; increased blood pressure and heart rate; proteinuria, hematuria (blood in the urine), bladder injury; in ...
... is a congenital subtype of methemoglobinemia. For other congenital subtypes of methemoglobinemia, ... Cyanotic patients with methemoglobinemia display brownish blood while purple deoxyhemoglobin becomes bright red oxyhemoglobin ... They are prone to develop symptomatic methemoglobinemia given further exposure to oxidants. "Hemoglobin M disease (Concept Id: ... 1-44, ISBN 978-0-12-383834-6, retrieved 2022-03-28 Rehman, Habib Ur (2001). "Methemoglobinemia". Western Journal of Medicine. ...
Dela Cruz, Maricel; Glick, Joshua; Merker, Seth H.; Vearrier, David (11 May 2018). "Survival after severe methemoglobinemia ... Wilkerson, Richard G.; Nappe, Thomas M. (2019-05-05). "Methemoglobinemia". NCBI Bookshelf. PMID 30726002. Retrieved 2019-05-10 ... and essentially any pathology that impairs the ability to deliver oxygen may worsen the symptoms of methemoglobinemia. ... Blue baby syndrome Carboxyhemoglobin Methemoglobinemia Bando, S.; Takano, T.; Yubisui, T.; Shirabe, K.; Takeshita, M.; Nakagawa ...
Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder that can potentially result in various levels of cyanosis. High levels of methylene blue ... Allergic-like reactions and methemoglobinemia have been documented after the use of methylene blue dye in chromopertubation. ... Rehman, Habib Ur (2001). "Methemoglobinemia". Western Journal of Medicine. 175 (3): 193-196. doi:10.1136/ewjm.175.3.193. ISSN ...
"Congenital methemoglobinemia with cytochrome b5 deficiency". N. Engl. J. Med. 315 (14): 893-4. October 1986. doi:10.1056/ ... Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 250790 - Methemoglobinemia due to deficiency of cytochrome b5 v t e (Articles with ... 498-. ISBN 978-1-4557-5973-6. Mansouri A, Lurie AA (January 1993). "Concise review: methemoglobinemia". Am. J. Hematol. 42 (1 ... so cytochrome b5 deficiency can also result in elevated methemoglobin levels and/or methemoglobinemia, similarly to deficiency ...
"Flutamide induced methemoglobinemia". The Journal of Urology. 157 (4): 1363. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64982-6. PMID 9120948. ...
... has been associated with several case reports of methemoglobinemia. Bicalutamide does not appear to share this risk ... Khan AM, Singh NT, Bilgrami S (April 1997). "Flutamide induced methemoglobinemia". The Journal of Urology. 157 (4): 1363. doi: ...
Large prilocaine doses can cause methemoglobinemia due to oxidation of hemoglobin by o-toluidine. o-Toluidine is absorbed ... Medetalibeyoğlu A.; Koç E.S.; Beyaz O.; Edizer A. (2020). "Prilocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia". Case Rep. Acute Med. 3 (2): ... Ryota Higuchi; Tatsuki Fukami; Miki Nakajima; Tsuyoshi Yokoi (2013). "Prilocaine- and Lidocaine-Induced Methemoglobinemia Is ... Nitrosotoluene converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin, resulting in methemoglobinemia.[ISBN missing] Evidence suggests that this ...
... induces methemoglobinemia. Gonçalves, F. A.; Hamano, K.; Sengers, J. V. (1989). "Density and viscosity of tetralin and ...
TRPV4 Methemoglobinemia, type I; 250800; CYB5R3 Methemoglobinemia, type II; 250800; CYB5R3 Methemoglobinemia, type IV; 250790; ...
Overdoses may generate methemoglobinemia. Nitroglycerin is available in tablets, ointment, solution for intravenous use, ... Kaplan, K. J.; Taber, M.; Teagarden, J. R.; Parker, M.; Davison, R. (1985). "Association of methemoglobinemia and intravenous ...
Methemoglobinemia responds well to treatment, its prognosis is associated with the level of methemoglobinemia and the degree of ... Methemoglobinemia is considered to be rare, with acquired methemoglobinemia encountered more than the congenital form. In the ... Methemoglobinemia, which is a disease defined by high levels of methemoglobin in the blood. Increased levels of methemoglobin ... Additionally an arterial blood gas is useful, for example in the case of methemoglobinemia the PO2 can be expected to be normal ...
Exposure may result in methemoglobinemia. Methyl nitrite is an oxidizing agent and a heat-sensitive explosive; its sensitivity ...
"Methemoglobinemia by cerium nitrate poisoning". Burns. 32 (8): 1060-1061. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.005. PMID 17027160. Pol, ... although large doses can lead to cerium poisoning and methemoglobinemia. The early lanthanides act as essential cofactors for ...
Bodansky, O. (1951). "Methemoglobinemia And Methemoglobin-Producing Compounds". Pharmacological Reviews. 3 (2): 144-191. ISSN ... He studied the biochemistry of oxyhemoglobin providing insight into the disease methemoglobinemia, helped to explain the ... and this difference in oxidation state is the cause of methemoglobinemia, a medical condition which causes tissue hypoxia. ...
In 2021, the novel Blue-Skinned Gods by S. J. Sindu references a family from Kentucky with methemoglobinemia but does not use ... Cawein, M.; Behlen, Charles H.; Lappat, E. J.; Cohn, J. E. (1964). "Hereditary Diaphorase Deficiency and Methemoglobinemia". ... They are known for having a genetic trait that led to the blood disorder methemoglobinemia, causing the skin to appear blue. ... were both carriers of the recessive methemoglobinemia (met-H) gene. As a result, four of their seven children exhibited blue ...
Anesthesiology 2002;96:1504-13 "Methemoglobinemia". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 11 August 2021. Kerins et ... it requires intubation and cannot be used for long periods of time due to methemoglobinemia. Prostaglandin PGE1 (Alprostadil) ...
Overdoses may generate methemoglobinemia. "Nitroglycerin". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the ... "Association of methemoglobinemia and intravenous nitroglycerin administration". The American Journal of Cardiology. 55 (1): 181 ...
The patient developed methemoglobinemia following ingestion. Methemoglobinemia (also known as blue baby syndrome) is a ... Methemoglobinemia can be fatal if left untreated, however when the cause is exposure to a chemical agent (not genetic) a ... Rehman, Habib Ur (September 2001). "Methemoglobinemia". The Western Journal of Medicine. 175 (3): 193-196. doi:10.1136/ewjm. ... Ludlow, John T.; Wilkerson, Richard G.; Nappe, Thomas M. (2023), "Methemoglobinemia", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): ...
Other serious side effects include methemoglobinemia. It is not generally recommended during pregnancy due to concerns of side ... Serious Ileus Reduced platelet aggregation Haemorrhage Increased intracranial pressure Metabolic acidosis Methaemoglobinaemia ...
Symptoms of methemoglobinemia usually occur within minutes to hours of applying benzocaine, and can occur upon the first-time ... 2007 Feb 6, updated 2007 Feb 9. From FDA website Shua-Haim JR, Gross JS (May 1995). "Methemoglobinemia toxicity from topical ... "Benzocaine Topical Products: Sprays, Gels and Liquids - Risk of Methemoglobinemia". Drugs.com. Retrieved March 20, 2014. "FDA ... benzocaine products applied to the mouth or mucous membranes has been found to be a cause of methemoglobinemia, a disorder in ...
Its use has been associated with fatal methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobinemia is the primary toxic effect of ethyl nitrite. Due ... Titov, V Yu; Petrenko, Yu M (2005). "Proposed mechanism of nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia". Biochemistry (Mosc). 70 (4): 473 ... resulting in methemoglobinemia, which may or may not be severe, or even fatal. "NFPA 704 Ratings for Common Chemicals". Semon, ...
Its primary toxicity mechanism is methemoglobinemia. It may cause permanent nerve damage. For occupational exposures, the ...
Mutations in the CYB5R3 gene cause methemoglobinemia types I and II. This is a rare autosomal recessive disease due to a ... Hudspeth MP, Joseph S, Holden KR (Jan 2010). "A novel mutation in type II methemoglobinemia". Journal of Child Neurology. 25 (1 ... Type I recessive congenital methemoglobinemia (RCM) is characterized by a deficiency of the soluble isoform and manifests as ... Mutations in this gene cause methemoglobinemias. Cytochrome b5 reductase is involved in the transfer of reducing equivalents ...
Isobutyl nitrite is known to cause methemoglobinemia. Severe methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue. Early in the ... Dixon DS, Reisch RF, Santinga PH (July 1981). "Fatal methemoglobinemia resulting from ingestion of isobutyl nitrite, a "room ... Modarai, B; Kapadia, YK; Kerins, M; Terris, J (May 2002). "Methylene blue: a treatment for severe methaemoglobinaemia secondary ... Pruijm MT, de Meijer PH (December 2002). "[Methemoglobinemia due to ingestion of isobutyl nitrite ('poppers')]". Nederlands ...
Methemoglobinemia may also occur in some cases. This is where higher than normal levels of methemoglobin-a form of hemoglobin ... Hemolysis may require a blood transfusion to replace the lost red blood cells, while methemoglobinemia is treated with ... MMH also causes oxidative stress leading to methemoglobinemia. Additionally during the metabolism of MMH, N-methyl-N- ...
Methemoglobinemia may also occur in some cases. This is where higher than normal levels of methemoglobin, which is a form of ... Hemolysis may require a blood transfusion to replace the lost red blood cells, while methemoglobinemia is treated with ... MMH also causes oxidative stress leading to methemoglobinemia. Inhibition of diamine oxidase (histaminase) elevates histamine ...
Isobutyl nitrite is known to cause methemoglobinemia. Severe methemoglobinemia may be treated with methylene blue. Another use ... As a medication, it is mainly used to treat methemoglobinemia by chemically reducing the ferric iron in hemoglobin to ferrous ... While use during pregnancy may harm the baby, not using it in methemoglobinemia is likely more dangerous. Methylene blue was ... Methylene blue is employed as a medication for the treatment of methemoglobinemia, which can arise from ingestion of certain ...
Methemoglobinemia occurs in about 15 % of patients treated with long-term dapsone at standard doses (100 mg/day). Only special ... It may lead to hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia. The side-effect is more common and severe in those with glucose-6- ... Other side effects include liver inflammation, methemoglobinemia, and a number of types of skin rashes. While the safety of use ... Dapsone metabolites produced by the cytochrome P450 2C19 isozyme are associated with the methemoglobinemia side effect of the ...
Methemoglobinemia, or methaemoglobinaemia, is a condition of elevated methemoglobin in the blood. Symptoms may include headache ... Methemoglobinemia may be acquired. Classical drug causes of methemoglobinaemia include various antibiotics (trimethoprim, ... Methemoglobinemia can be due to certain medications, chemicals, or food or it can be inherited. Substances involved may include ... Methemoglobinemia is relatively uncommon, with most cases being acquired rather than genetic. Signs and symptoms of ...
Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is produced. Hemoglobin is the ... Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is produced. Hemoglobin is the ... Methemoglobinemia (MetHb) is a blood disorder in which an abnormal amount of methemoglobin is produced. Hemoglobin is the ... With methemoglobinemia, the hemoglobin can carry oxygen, but is not able to release it effectively to body tissues. ...
Hereditary methemoglobinemias may be divided into two categories, as follows [2] :. * Methemoglobinemia due to an altered form ... Acquired methemoglobinemia. Acquired methemoglobinemia is more common. It is usually due to the ingestion of drugs or toxic ... In acute methemoglobinemia, which is usually acquired, a history of exposure to methemoglobinemia-inducing substances (not ... Acquired methemoglobinemia. Acquired methemoglobinemia is much more common than the congenital form and involves excessive ...
... children and adults who used oral benzocaine products after 2007 and suffered from methemoglobinemia. ... Methemoglobinemia Symptoms. Symptoms of methemoglobinemia can start within just minutes to two hours after ingesting benzocaine ... Treating Methemoglobinemia. Treatment of methemoglobinemia may require hospitalization. Patients can suffer from permanent ... Home News Dangerous Prescription Drugs Lawyers Accepting Benzocaine Methemoglobinemia Lawsuits. Lawyers Accepting Benzocaine ...
Specter represents adults and children who have suffered methemoglobinemia caused by benzocaine - Anbesol, Orajel - nationwide ... Symptoms of methemoglobinemia include gray or blue colored skin, lips, and nail beds and also headaches, lightheadedness, ... Benzocaine Litigation - Methemoglobinemia Lawyers Serving Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, New York & ... and Topex can cause methemoglobinemia, a blood-related ailment that can be fatal. ...
Methemoglobinemia. The following two web pages about The Two Classes of Chemicals that Cause Methemoglobinemia were written ... Definition of Methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobin is the oxidized form of hemoglobin in which the iron in the heme component has ... Table 1. Industrial Chemicals: Methemoglobinemia Is the Primary Toxic Effect. Category. Chemical Name. CAS #. Other Chemical ... Exposures that Caused Methemoglobinemia in the Past. In the United Kingdom between 1961 and 1980, chloroaniline, p-toluidine, ...
We discuss a case of a two-year-old male who developed severe persistent methemoglobinemia treated with multiple doses of ... Dapsone overdose is a well-known potent cause of methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia. ... Methylene Blue Infusion to Treat Severe Dapsone-Induced Methemoglobinemia in a Pediatric Patient Cureus. 2021 Oct 18;13(10): ... Dapsone overdose is a well-known potent cause of methemoglobinemia and hemolytic anemia. We discuss a case of a two-year-old ...
Methemoglobinemia, acute disease/syndrome detailed information in Haz-Map database. ... methemoglobinemia is a form of chemical or systemic asphyxia. [AHLS, p. 97-99, 225] Drugs that may induce methemoglobinemia ... Sullivan, p. 376] Methemoglobinemia severe enough to require treatment is relatively rare in smoke inhalation victims. [Bizovi ... Inhale or handle nitrogen compounds that can induce methemoglobinemia* *Work in confined space* *Work with toxic chemicals that ...
Hemolysis and methemoglobinemia due to hepatitis E virus infection in patient with G6PD deficiency. Ann Hematol. 2011;90:1237-8 ... Methemoglobinemia in an elderly patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a case report. Oman Med J. 2014;29: ... Methemoglobinemia in Patient with G6PD Deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2020;26(9):2279-2281 ... Methemoglobinemia in Patient with G6PD Deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 Infection On This Page ...
Find symptoms and other information about Hereditary methemoglobinemia. ... Hereditary methemoglobinemia. Other Names: Autosomal recessive methemoglobinemia; Congenital methemoglobinemiaAutosomal ... Methemoglobinemia Abnormality of the nail Abnormality of the nervous system Exertional dyspnea Lip discoloration Athetosis Blue ... Hereditary methemoglobinemia is a genetic disease, which means that it is caused by one or more genes not working correctly. ...
Pulse oximeter desaturation due to methemoglobinemia. Anesthesiology 1988 Feb;68;279-82 1988 Feb Red cell abnormalities ...
Life threatening methaemoglobinaemia was documented and was treated with methylene blue. The patient and several members of her ... Phenazopyridine induced methaemoglobinaemia associated with decreased activity of erythrocyte cytochrome b5 reductase. ... Phenazopyridine induced methaemoglobinaemia associated with decreased activity of erythrocyte cytochrome b5 reductase. ... predisposing them to the development of clinically significant methaemoglobinaemia when challenged with oxidant drugs. ...
Four cases of methemoglobinemia (MetHb) are presented here. Each patient ate homemade fennel puree a few hours prior to ...
"Methemoglobinemia from eating meat with high nitrite content" 72, no. 3 (1957). Orgeron, J. D. et al. "Methemoglobinemia from ... Title : Methemoglobinemia from eating meat with high nitrite content Personal Author(s) : Orgeron, J. D.;Martin, J. D.;Caraway ... 1957). Methemoglobinemia from eating meat with high nitrite content. 72(3). Orgeron, J. D. et al. " ...
Methemoglobin level was 39.4%. The diagnosis of congenital methemoglobinemia ty ... Methemoglobin level was 39.4%. The diagnosis of congenital methemoglobinemia type I was retained. She was successfully treated ...
Methaemoglobinaemia was then identified and he was treated with methylene blue and transferred to HDU for further management. ... Consider Methaemoglobinaemia as a differential diagnosis in infants with unexplained metabolic acidosis. ... As the diarrhoea was persistent, he then developed methaemoglobinaemia as a result. Initial methaemoglobin was 48% which ... This case illustrates the importance of prompt recognition and treatment of methaemoglobinaemia in infants with unexplained ...
methemoglobinemia Last edited 05/2023 and last reviewed 05/2023. Methaemoglobinaemia may be congenital or acquired. The iron in ... A sign of methaemoglobinaemia is the chocolate brown colour of blood.. The congenital form is an autosomal recessive condition ... methemoglobinemia is a condition characterized by increased quantities of hemoglobin in which the iron of heme is oxidized to ... methemoglobinemia may occur in the first few months of life in infants with marked metabolic acidosis, typically associated ...
Methylthioninum chloride injection is licensed for the treatment of methaemoglobinaemia. However it is also used unlicensed to ... Methaemoglobinaemia. Drug Safety Update 2014 Methylthioninium chloride (methylene blue) update on central nervous system (CNS) ... Methylthioninum chloride injection is licensed for the treatment of methaemoglobinaemia. However it is also used unlicensed to ...
Methemoglobinemia. Treatment of acquired methemoglobinemia. Designated orphan drug by FDA for this use. ... Acquired Methemoglobinemia. IV. 1 mg/kg by slow IV injection.. Alternatively, dosages of 1-2 mg/kg given by slow IV injection ... Acquired Methemoglobinemia. IV. 1 mg/kg by slow IV injection.. Alternatively, dosages of 1-2 mg/kg given by slow IV injection ... Acquired Methemoglobinemia. IV. Maximum dosage 2 mg/kg. Some experts recommend maximum total dose of 5-7 mg/kg during first few ...
... methemoglobinemia, methylene blue, occlusion MI, postintubation sedation, sodium nitrite,1 Comment ... methemoglobinemia and methylene blue, Hans & Erin Rosenberg on post-intubation analgesia and sedation, Salim Rezaie on short- ...
Riluzole-induced methemoglobinemia. Ann Emerg Med. 2004; 43: 294.. *Viallon A, Page Y, Bertrand JC. Methemoglobinemia due to ... Home › Healthcare Professional Articles › Methemoglobinemia and Medications A to Z. Methemoglobinemia and Medications A to Z. A ... Methemoglobinemia due to ingestion of at most three pills of pyridium in a 2-year-old: case report and review. J Emerg Med. ... Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by a variety of drugs at ...
Methemoglobinemia. Methemoglobinemia has been reported in patients receiving other organic nitrates, and it probably could also ... When methemoglobinemia is diagnosed, the treatment of choice is methylene blue, 1-2 mg/kg intravenously. ... Notwithstanding these observations, there are case reports of significant methemoglobinemia in association with moderate ... methemoglobinemia. In patients with normal reductase function, significant production of methemoglobin should require even ...
Signs And Symptoms, Methemoglobinemia. Nitrate overdosage may result in: severe hypotension, persistent throbbing headache, ... If methemoglobinemia is present, administration of methylene blue (1% solution), 1-2 mg per kilogram of body weight ... Case reports of clinically significant methemoglobinemia are rare at conventional doses of organic nitrates. The formation of ... methemoglobinemia with cyanosis and anorexia, initial hyperpnea, dyspnea and slow breathing, slow pulse (dicrotic and ...
Infant Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome). … Infant methemoglobinemia is also called "blue baby syndrome." It is a ... Methemoglobinemia is a condition that some babies are born with (congenital) or some develop early in life (acquired). Acquired ... methemoglobinemia is more common than the congenital form. It can be caused by exposure to a … ...
Infant Methemoglobinemia (Blue Baby Syndrome). *Updated on September 05, 2023.. * Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: ...
Toxic methemoglobinemia after topical anesthesia for transesophageal echocardiography. / Grauer, S. E.; Giraud, G. D. In: ... Grauer, S. E. ; Giraud, G. D. / Toxic methemoglobinemia after topical anesthesia for transesophageal echocardiography. In: ... Toxic methemoglobinemia after topical anesthesia for transesophageal echocardiography. Journal of the American Society of ... Grauer, S. E., & Giraud, G. D. (1996). Toxic methemoglobinemia after topical anesthesia for transesophageal echocardiography. ...
View article titled, Congenital Methemoglobinemia Due to Hemoglobin M Open the PDF for Congenital Methemoglobinemia Due to ... View article titled, Congenital Methemoglobinemia due to Diaphorase Deficiency Open the PDF for Congenital Methemoglobinemia ... The deficiency of the enzyme leads to hereditary methemoglobinemia. With rabbit anti-b5R antibody for plate coating and enzyme ... The reductase level of each cell was also determined in cases of hereditary methemoglobinemia. It was normal... ...
Methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type. Variants in the HBB gene have been found to cause methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type, ... In methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type, variants in the HBB gene alter the beta-globin protein and promote the heme iron to ... do Nascimento TS, Pereira RO, de Mello HL, Costa J. Methemoglobinemia: from diagnosis to treatment. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2008 ... However, in rare cases, severe methemoglobinemia, beta-globin type can cause headaches, weakness, and fatigue. ...

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