Mistletoe
Viscum album
Toxins, Biological
Loranthaceae
Viscum
Plant Lectins
Viscaceae
Nerium
Plants, Medicinal
Plant Proteins
Abies
Plant Extracts
Ricin
Lectins
Pinus sylvestris
Pseudotsuga
Fetuins
Insulin-secreting activity of the traditional antidiabetic plant Viscum album (mistletoe). (1/66)
Viscum album (mistletoe) has been documented as a traditional treatment of diabetes. In acute 20-min tests, 1-10 mg/ml aqueous extract of mistletoe evoked a stepwise 1.1- to 12.2-fold stimulation of insulin secretion from clonal pancreatic B-cells. This effect was abolished by 0.5 mM diazoxide and prior exposure to extract did not alter subsequent stimulation of insulin secretion induced by 10 mM L-alanine, thereby negating a detrimental effect on cell viability. The insulin-releasing effect of mistletoe extract was unaltered by 16.7 mM glucose, l-alanine (10 mM), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) (1 mM), or a depolarising concentration of KCl (25 mM). The ability of extract to enhance insulin secretion did not depend upon the use of heat during extract preparation and was not mediated by lectins. These results demonstrate the presence of insulin-releasing natural product(s) in Viscum album which may contribute to the reported antidiabetic property of the plant. (+info)Selective killing of CD8+ cells with a 'memory' phenotype (CD62Llo) by the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine-specific lectin from Viscum album L. (2/66)
As reported previously by our group, among the toxic proteins from Viscum album L. only the mistletoe lectins (MLs) induce the apoptotic killing pathway in human lymphocytes. Although one may expect a homogenous distribution of carbohydrate domains on cell surface receptors for the carbohydrate binding B chains of the toxic protein, the sensitivity of cells to these B chains obviously differ. Here we report a selective killing of CD8+ CD62Llo cells from healthy individuals by the galNAc-specific ML III (and RCA60, which binds to gal and galNAc), while the gal-specific ML I was less effective. This selective killing is not sufficiently explained by protein synthesis inhibition alone, since this subset was not affected by other ribosome inhibiting proteins such as the lectin from Ricinus communis (RCA120), lectin from Abrus precatorus (APA), abrin A, and inhibitors of RNA, DNA and/or protein synthesis such as actinomycin D, mitomycin C, and cycloheximide. We conclude that CD8+ cells with 'memory' phenotype (CD62Llo) are more sensitive to the ML III-mediated killing than their CD8+ CD62Lhi counterparts, CD4+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells. These cells probably express a distinct receptor with galNAc domains that is missing or not active on CD8+ cells with a 'naive' phenotype. (+info)Accidental cell death and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates in human lymphocytes induced by thionins from Viscum album L. (3/66)
The cytotoxic mechanisms of thionins from Viscum album L., the viscotoxins, were investigated in human granulocytes and lymphocytes. The time course of viscotoxin effects indicate accidental cell death, i.e. membrane permeabilization, degradation of cytoplasm and chromatin, swelling of mitochondria with loss of their cristae, and generation of reactive oxygen intermediates within 1-2 h, followed by secondary apoptosis-associated events. The viscotoxin homologue purothionin from whole-wheat flour and viscotoxin B, however, did not induce cell death in cultured lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity of cationic and amphipathic viscotoxin was prevented only by cleavage of its disulphide bridges. (+info)Mistletoe lectin dissociates into catalytic and binding subunits before translocation across the membrane to the cytoplasm. (4/66)
Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the mistletoe lectin A-chain (MLA) were obtained to investigate the intracellular routing and translocation of ribosome-inactivating proteins. Anti-MLA mAb MNA5 did not bind the holotoxin but interacted with isolated MLA. This epitope was not recognized upon MLA denaturation or conjugation of MLA with the ricin binding subunit (RTB). Furthermore, the mAbs did not appreciably react with a panel of MLA synthetic octapeptides linked to the surface of polyethylene pins. A study of the cytotoxicity of mistletoe lectin, ricin, and chimeric toxin MLA/RTB for the hybridomas revealed that interchain disulfide bond reduction and subunit dissociation are required for cytotoxic activity of mistletoe lectin. (+info)Cloning of the mistletoe lectin gene and characterization of the recombinant A-chain. (5/66)
Mistletoe lectin I (MLI) is the major active constituent of mistletoe extracts, which are widely used for adjuvant tumour therapy. The 66-kDa heterodimeric disulphide-linked glycoprotein is classified as type II ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) due to the rRNA-cleaving enzyme activity of the A-subunit, also referred to as toxic entity. MLI and the close relative ricin both belong to the family of the two-chain plant type II RIP proteins. Isolation of the glycosylated proteins from plant material yield inhomogeneous material probably due to post-translational modifications. The aim of this study was to prepare pure and homogeneous protein as a prerequisite for structural and mechanistic studies in order to gain insight into the mode of action of this cytotoxic plant protein on tumour and immune cells. Of particular interest was to explain whether the differences in toxicity of ML and ricin are the result of variations of their enzymatic activities. By investigating the sequence homologies between the active sites of different RIPs we were able to deduce a set of primers which were suitable for specific amplification of the mistletoe lectin gene. Applying this PCR strategy the full-length 1923 nucleotide DNA sequence coding for the prepro-protein was obtained showing the existence of a single intron-free gene. In order to elucidate the molecular basis for the observed differences in cytotoxicity within the family of RIP the enzymatic A-subunit was expressed in a heterologous system. Expression of the A-chain in E. coli BL21/pT7 resulted in production of insoluble inclusion bodies constituting 20-30% of total protein. Refolding led to a pure and homogeneous protein species with an apparent molecular mass of 27 kDa and a pI value of 6.4. The ribosome-inactivating activity of the unglycosylated recombinant A-chain (IC50 20.5 pM) protein was in the same range as that of the glycosylated plant-derived ML A-chain (IC50 3.7 pM), which was very similar to that of ricin A-chain (IC50 4.9 pM). Thus, the higher cytotoxicity of ricin cannot be accountable for differences in the enzymatic activities of the type II RIP A-chains. (+info)Characterization of recombinant and plant-derived mistletoe lectin and their B-chains. (6/66)
Mistletoe lectin I (pML) and its isoforms ML II and III constitute the active principle in extract preparations from mistletoe, commonly used as immunomodulator in adjuvant tumour therapy. The heterodimeric disulfide-linked cytotoxic protein is classified as type II ribosome inactivating protein (RIP). Recently, the sequence coding for the mistletoe lectin prepro-protein was identified and the existence of a single intron-free gene was shown [Eck, J., Langer, M., Mockel, B., Baur, A., Rothe, M., Zinke, H. & Lentzen, H. (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 264, 775-784]. The aim of this study was to prepare pure and homogeneous rMLB-chain as well as rML heterodimer for studying the carbohydrate binding specificity of recombinant versus natural protein and its contribution to the observed cytotoxic effect. Expression in E. coli resulted in the production of insoluble protein (inclusion bodies). A procedure for generating correctly folded, biochemically and biologically active rMLB was established starting from the insoluble single chain. Carbohydrate binding and specificity of pMLB and rMLB were analysed by a competitive enzyme linked lectin assay (ELLA). Asialofetuin was able to compete with binding of both chains (50% at 0.8 microM). The specificity of the B-chains to lactose was more distinct with halfmaximal competition at 4.9 mM (pMLB) and > 90 mM (rMLB), respectively. Furthermore, in a coassociation process rMLA- and rMLB inclusion bodies were associated in one step by defined dilution yielding active rML-heterodimer. The activities of recombinant (rML) and plant derived mistletoe lectin (pML) were compared. Cytotoxicity was determined using MOLT-4 cells and enzymatic rRNA N-glycosidase activity was measured in a coupled transcription/translation assay. The IC50 values of the two heterodimers were similar in both assays; rMLB-chain did not show any cytotoxic effect. In the ELLA with lactose as a competitor 50% competition of binding to asialofetuin was achieved at 1.6 mM (rML) and 1.8 mM (pML). Hence, using three different assays we found no significant differences between the recombinant protein and the glycosylated form of ML. Comparing the biological activities of the single chains with those of the heterodimer we conclude, that both, lectin activity and the rRNA N-glycosidase activity, are prerequisites for the cytotoxic effects on target cells. (+info)Mistletoe lectin A-chain unfolds during the intracellular transport. (7/66)
Protein conformation during intracellular routing and translocation of the ribosome-inactivating proteins was investigated on hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (monAbs) against mistletoe lectin (ML). Decrease in the toxin activity towards these hybridomas is accounted for by the intracellular interaction of monAbs and the toxin resulting in the interruption of enzymatic subunit translocation into the cytosol. Obtained monAbs interacted with denatured ML A-chain (MLA) and a panel of MLA synthetic octapeptides linked to the surface of polyethylene pins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) shows that monAbs recognize five epitopes in denatured MLA. Treatment of MLA by 3 M of guanidine hydrochloride leads to appearance of the epitopes. Hybridoma TA7 has been shown to be insensitive to cytotoxic action of ML. TA7 monAb as we have shown recognizes epitope 101-105, FTGTT, and inhibits the liposome aggregation induced by MLA. A study of the cytotoxicity of ML and ricin for the hybridomas revealed that the unfolding of A-chain is probably required for intracellular transport and cytotoxic activity of ML. (+info)NMR structural determination of viscotoxin A3 from Viscum album L. (8/66)
The high-resolution three-dimensional structure of the plant toxin viscotoxin A3, from Viscum album L., has been determined in solution by (1)H NMR spectroscopy at pH 3.6 and 12 degrees C (the structure has been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the id. code 1ED0). Experimentally derived restraints including 734 interproton distances from nuclear Overhauser effect measurements, 22 hydrogen bonds, 32 φ angle restraints from J coupling measurements, together with three disulphide bridge constraints were used as input in restrained molecular dynamics, followed by minimization, using DYANA and Discover. Backbone and heavy atom root-mean-square deviations were 0.47+/-0.11 A (1 A=10(-10) m) and 0.85+/-0.13 A respectively. Viscotoxin A3 consists of two alpha-helices connected by a turn and a short stretch of antiparallel beta-sheet. This fold is similar to that found in other thionins, such as crambin, hordothionin-alpha and -beta, phoratoxin A and purothionin-alpha and -beta. The difference in the observed biological activity for thionins of known structure is discussed in terms of the differences in the calculated surface potential distribution, playing an important role in their function through disruption of cell membranes. In addition, the possible role in DNA binding of the helix-turn-helix motif of viscotoxin A3 is discussed. (+info)Mistletoe, in a medical context, does not have a specific definition. However, it is worth noting that mistletoe is a parasitic plant that grows on the branches of trees and shrubs. In alternative medicine, extracts from mistletoe (Viscum album) are used in Europe to treat various conditions, including cancer. The extracts are thought to stimulate the immune system and have anti-tumor properties. However, it's important to note that the use of mistletoe as a medical treatment is considered complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and its effectiveness and safety are still being studied. It should not be used as a substitute for conventional cancer treatments.
"Viscum album" is the medical term for mistletoe, a parasitic plant that grows on the branches of trees. In complementary and alternative medicine, extracts from Viscum album are used in the treatment of various medical conditions, particularly cancer. The plant contains various biologically active substances, such as lectins, viscotoxins, and polysaccharides, which are believed to have immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic effects. However, it's important to note that the use of mistletoe extracts as a treatment for cancer is not supported by strong scientific evidence and its effectiveness remains controversial.
Biological toxins are poisonous substances that are produced by living organisms such as bacteria, plants, and animals. They can cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment. Biological toxins can be classified into different categories based on their mode of action, such as neurotoxins (affecting the nervous system), cytotoxins (damaging cells), and enterotoxins (causing intestinal damage).
Examples of biological toxins include botulinum toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, tetanus toxin produced by Clostridium tetani bacteria, ricin toxin from the castor bean plant, and saxitoxin produced by certain types of marine algae.
Biological toxins can cause a range of symptoms depending on the type and amount of toxin ingested or exposed to, as well as the route of exposure (e.g., inhalation, ingestion, skin contact). They can cause illnesses ranging from mild to severe, and some can be fatal if not treated promptly and effectively.
Prevention and control measures for biological toxins include good hygiene practices, vaccination against certain toxin-producing bacteria, avoidance of contaminated food or water sources, and personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling or working with potential sources of toxins.
"Plant preparations" is not a term with a specific medical definition in the field of medicine or pharmacology. However, it is commonly used to refer to various forms of plant material that have been prepared for medicinal use. This can include dried and powdered plant parts, such as leaves, roots, or flowers, as well as extracts or concentrates made from plants. These preparations may be used in traditional medicine or as the basis for modern pharmaceuticals. It is important to note that the safety, effectiveness, and quality of plant preparations can vary widely, and they should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Loranthaceae" is not a medical term. It is a botanical term that refers to a family of flowering plants known as the mistletoes. These parasitic plants attach themselves to the branches of trees and shrubs, penetrating the bark to draw nutrients from the host plant. They have adapted to a parasitic lifestyle through evolution, losing their roots and some leaves.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health science, I would be happy to help!
"Viscum" is the generic name for mistletoe, a parasitic plant that grows on the branches of trees. It is used in complementary and alternative medicine, particularly in Europe. The most widely used species are Viscum album (European mistletoe) and Phoradendron serotinum (American mistletoe).
In a medical context, "Viscum" refers to the extracts of the mistletoe plant that are used in various forms of therapy. These extracts contain various biologically active compounds such as lectins, viscotoxins, and polysaccharides, which are believed to have immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic effects.
Mistletoe extracts are used primarily in the treatment of cancer, with the goal of improving quality of life, reducing side effects of conventional therapies, and potentially enhancing the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, it's important to note that the scientific evidence supporting these claims is limited, and mistletoe therapy should only be administered under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.
Plant lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that are abundantly found in various plant parts such as seeds, leaves, stems, and roots. They have the ability to bind specifically to carbohydrate structures present on cell membranes, known as glycoconjugates. This binding property of lectins is reversible and non-catalytic, meaning it does not involve any enzymatic activity.
Lectins play several roles in plants, including defense against predators, pathogens, and herbivores. They can agglutinate red blood cells, stimulate the immune system, and have been implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Some lectins also exhibit mitogenic activity, which means they can stimulate the proliferation of certain types of cells.
In the medical field, plant lectins have gained attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. For instance, some lectins have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties and are being investigated as potential cancer treatments. However, it is important to note that some lectins can be toxic or allergenic to humans and animals, so they must be used with caution.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Viscaceae" is not a medical term. It is a botanical term that refers to a family of plants commonly known as mistletoes. These are parasitic plants that grow on the branches of trees and shrinks, extracting water and nutrients from them. They have been used in traditional medicine in various cultures, but it's important to note that the use of such substances should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
I am not aware of a specific medical definition for "Nerium." However, Nerium is a genus of plants in the dogwood family, and its most common species is Nerium oleander, also known as oleander. Oleander is a toxic plant that can cause serious health problems if ingested or touched. Its symptoms include nausea, vomiting, seizures, irregular heartbeat, and even death in severe cases. It's essential to keep oleander away from children, pets, and livestock and seek immediate medical attention if any part of the plant is accidentally ingested.
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.
Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.
Phytotherapy is the use of extracts of natural origin, especially plants or plant parts, for therapeutic purposes. It is also known as herbal medicine and is a traditional practice in many cultures. The active compounds in these plant extracts are believed to have various medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or sedative effects. Practitioners of phytotherapy may use the whole plant, dried parts, or concentrated extracts to prepare teas, capsules, tinctures, or ointments for therapeutic use. It is important to note that the effectiveness and safety of phytotherapy are not always supported by scientific evidence, and it should be used with caution and preferably under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
"Abies" is a genus of evergreen trees that are commonly known as firs. They belong to the family Pinaceae and are native to the northern hemisphere, primarily in North America, Europe, and Asia. These trees are characterized by their needle-like leaves, which are flat and shiny, and their conical-shaped crowns.
Firs have been used for various purposes throughout history, including timber production, Christmas tree farming, and ornamental landscaping. Some species of firs also have medicinal properties, such as the use of Abies balsamea (balsam fir) in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments and skin conditions. However, it's important to note that the medical use of firs should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as improper use can lead to adverse effects.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Ricin is defined as a highly toxic protein that is derived from the seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis). It can be produced as a white, powdery substance or a mistable aerosol. Ricin works by getting inside cells and preventing them from making the proteins they need. Without protein, cells die. Eventually, this can cause organ failure and death.
It is not easily inhaled or absorbed through the skin, but if ingested or injected, it can be lethal in very small amounts. There is no antidote for ricin poisoning - treatment consists of supportive care. Ricin has been used as a bioterrorism agent in the past and continues to be a concern due to its relative ease of production and potential high toxicity.
Lectins are a type of proteins that bind specifically to carbohydrates and have been found in various plant and animal sources. They play important roles in biological recognition events, such as cell-cell adhesion, and can also be involved in the immune response. Some lectins can agglutinate certain types of cells or precipitate glycoproteins, while others may have a more direct effect on cellular processes. In some cases, lectins from plants can cause adverse effects in humans if ingested, such as digestive discomfort or allergic reactions.
"Pinus sylvestris" is the scientific name for a species of tree, not a medical term. It is commonly known as the Scotch Pine or Scots Pine and is native to Eurasia, ranging from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia. The tree can also be found in other parts of the world as an introduced species.
Here's some information about Pinus sylvestris that you might find interesting:
* Pinus sylvestris is a coniferous evergreen tree that typically grows to a height of 30-40 meters (98-131 feet) but can reach up to 60 meters (197 feet) in some cases.
* The bark of the tree is thick, scaly, and orange-reddish in color, while the leaves are needle-shaped, green, and grow in clusters of two.
* Pinus sylvestris produces both male and female cones, with the male cones releasing pollen and the female cones producing seeds.
* The tree is an important source of timber and is commonly used for construction, pulp and paper production, and as a Christmas tree.
* Pinus sylvestris has several medicinal uses, including as a treatment for respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and asthma, as well as for skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. The needles and bark of the tree contain compounds with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties that are believed to be responsible for these therapeutic effects.
"Pseudotsuga" is not a medical term. It is a genus of coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae, commonly known as Douglas firs or Douglas trees. They are native to western North America and eastern Asia. The most widely known species is Pseudotsuga menziesii, which is often simply called the Douglas fir. These trees have important economic value for timber and pulp production.
Fetuins are a group of proteins that are produced by the liver and found in circulation in the blood. The most well-known fetuin, fetuin-A, is a 64 kDa glycoprotein that is synthesized in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream. Fetuin-A plays a role in several physiological processes, including inhibition of tissue calcification, regulation of insulin sensitivity, and modulation of immune responses.
Fetuin-B is another member of the fetuin family that shares some structural similarities with fetuin-A but has distinct functions. Fetuin-B is also produced by the liver and secreted into the bloodstream, where it plays a role in regulating lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
It's worth noting that while both fetuins have been studied for their roles in various physiological processes, there is still much to be learned about their functions and regulation.
'Citrus sinensis' is the scientific name for the fruit species more commonly known as sweet oranges. These are popular fruits that belong to the Rutaceae family and have originated in Southeast Asia. Sweet oranges are widely cultivated and consumed all over the world, both fresh and as juice. They have a sweet taste and juicy pulp, enclosed in a thick and fragrant orange-colored peel. Some well-known varieties of 'Citrus sinensis' include Navel, Valencia, and Blood oranges.
Mistletoe
Red mistletoe
Mistletoe (disambiguation)
Mistletoe Villa
Hairy mistletoe
USS Mistletoe
Mistletoe, Kentucky
HMS Mistletoe
Mistletoe tyrannulet
Oak mistletoe
Mistletoe (novel)
Mistletoe Plantation
Mistletoe (Natchez, Mississippi)
USS Mistletoe (1872)
Moonlight, Mistletoe & You
The Mistletoe Farm
Red-berry mistletoe
Under the Mistletoe
Moonlight and Mistletoe
Candles, Snow & Mistletoe
The Mistletoe Mystery
USS Mistletoe (1861)
HMS Mistletoe (1809)
Thistle mistletoe formula
Mistletoe State Park
Mistletoe Corners, Georgia
Mistletoe and Holly
Mistletoe and Wine
The Sons of Mistletoe
Christmas On Mistletoe Farm
Mistletoe - Wikipedia
Mistletoe - Gardening Australia
Mistletoe poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Mistletoe Extracts - NCI
Mistletoe bird Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Ubuntu - Package Search Results -- python3-mistletoe
Mistletoe Lane at The Briar Woods | Second Life Destinations
Ubuntu - Wyniki wyszukiwania pakietu -- python3-mistletoe
Mistletoe News
Mistletoe Christmas Decoration
kids mistletoe BW
Mangos and Mistletoe by Adriana Herrera | eBook | Barnes & Noble®
Mistletoe Justice - Harlequin.com
John Lewis Frosted Mistletoe & Eucalptus Tin Scented Candle, 219g
mistletoe
MURDER ON MISTLETOE LANE by Clara McKenna
Mistletoe Fabric, Wallpaper and Home Decor | Spoonflower
Mistletoe species lacks genes found in all other complex organisms | ScienceDaily
Mistletoe, Leafy - TreeHelp
Mistletoe Wreath | Virtual Item Detail | Gaia OnlineMake-Believe Mistletoe - Harlequin.com
Mistletoe Christmas - Holiday Photo Cards
Mistletoe Hanger with Bow - Stonewall Kitchen
Mistletoe...
Mistletoe
Mistletoe Sprig | Current Catalog
Australia is the real home of mistletoe
Mistletoe
Farm Together - Mistletoe Pack
Mistletoe Plaid Round Vase
- VIETRI
Phoradendron5
- The eastern mistletoe native to North America, Phoradendron leucarpum, belongs to a distinct genus of the family Santalaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- Daniel Nickrent, a professor of plant biology at Southern Illinois University, is convinced mistletoes do have a similar role in North American forests as they do in Australian ones, particularly the phoradendron mistletoe found in the Eastern U.S. (wgbh.org)
- American mistletoe ( Phoradendron leucarpum ) can be found growing in deciduous trees from New Jersey and southern Indiana southward to Florida and Texas. (iastate.edu)
- Eastern mistletoe [ Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf. (bioone.org)
- Ralph L. Thompson and Christopher A. Evans "Eastern Mistletoe ( Phoradendron leucarpum, Viscaceae) Infestation of Host Trees in Jessamine County, Kentucky," Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 71(1), 19-25, (1 March 2010). (bioone.org)
Berries9
- European mistletoe has smooth-edged, oval, evergreen leaves borne in pairs along the woody stem, and waxy, white berries that it bears in clusters of two to six. (wikipedia.org)
- The eastern mistletoe of North America is similar, but has shorter, broader leaves and longer clusters of 10 or more berries. (wikipedia.org)
- Mistletoe is an evergreen plant with white berries. (medlineplus.gov)
- Viscum album more commonly known as the European mistletoe, with its white berries and yellow-green leaves, is the species people are most familiar with. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- Mistletoe is a semi-parasitic plant with leathery, evergreen leaves and small, white berries. (iastate.edu)
- Mistletoe berries are readily eaten by birds. (iastate.edu)
- Mistletoe should be kept out of the reach of small children and family pets, as the berries are poisonous. (iastate.edu)
- The original custom was that a berry was picked from the sprig of Mistletoe before the person could be kissed and when all the berries had gone, there could be no more kissing! (whychristmas.com)
- Paige Hemmis is making a festive DIY using garland, mistletoe and berries. (hallmarkchannel.com)
Effects of mistletoe2
- Laboratory and animal studies have tested the effects of mistletoe extracts. (cancer.gov)
- Because of the apparently significant and widespread effects of mistletoe on a forest, he calls it a "keystone resource. (wgbh.org)
Festive5
- In the cozy, snow-covered Briar Woods, there lies a charming and festive road named Mistletoe Lane. (secondlife.com)
- Dream of the magic of winter and the festive season with our romantic and fresh mistletoe and eucalyptus scent. (johnlewis.com)
- Festive and playful, the Mistletoe Plaid Soap Dispenser brings jolly good fun to the kitchen sink or powder room. (vietri.com)
- By way of their regular winter routes (to more than 40 cities around the world), these festive flights will carry mistletoe 30,000 feet above large swaths of the world below, giving the people below more reason to #KISSaLOT. (johnnyjet.com)
- Mistletoe tradition, of course, says that humans that find themselves beneath the festive plant should kiss, perhaps for reasons theorized here . (johnnyjet.com)
Python3-mistletoe1
- You have searched for packages that names contain python3-mistletoe in suite(s) focal-backports , all sections, and architecture(s) arm64 . (ubuntu.com)
Eastern mistletoe1
- Eastern mistletoe exhibits an aggregated or clumped spatial distribution pattern among host trees characteristic of its life history and avian fruit and seed dispersal. (bioone.org)
Sprig1
- Hang a sprig of mistletoe on your Christmas tree or, more traditionally, in your doorway, and it supposedly gives you permission to plant a kiss on a loved one. (australiangeographic.com.au)
Semi-parasitic plant1
- Leafy Mistletoe is a semi-parasitic plant that relies on the host tree for its nutrients and moisture, This places a significant amount of stress on the host tree and can cause die-back on braches that are infected. (treehelp.com)
20231
- Mistletoe Market will return on Friday, December 1, 2023! (creativeartsguild.org)
Viscum1
- The discovery was made during an analysis of the parasitic plant Viscum scurruloideum, a species of mistletoe whose apparent ability to survive and thrive without several genes involved in the primary energy-producing pathway of oxygen-respiring organisms could make it one of the most unusual plants on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
Species12
- The largest family of mistletoes, the Loranthaceae, has 73 genera and over 900 species. (wikipedia.org)
- Mistletoe species grow on a wide range of host trees, some of which experience side effects including reduced growth, stunting, and loss of infested outer branches. (wikipedia.org)
- All mistletoe species are hemiparasites because they do perform some photosynthesis for some period of their life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- The species of mistletoe. (cancer.gov)
- A discovery made during an analysis of a species of mistletoe whose apparent ability to survive without key genes involved in energy production could make it one of the most unusual plants on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
- To expand knowledge about parasitic plants, the IU team chose to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of Santalales, more commonly referred to as mistletoes, which are the largest order of parasitic plants in the world with over 2,000 species. (sciencedaily.com)
- Fiery in colour and cut-throat in behaviour, Australia is home to some of the world's most unusual mistletoe species. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- What people may not know is that Australia is home to more species of mistletoe than anywhere else in the world. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- The difference between Aussie mistletoe and the European variety, of which there's only one species, are the families they belong to. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- These are two of just a handful of shrub species in the mistletoe family, and they give us clues as to the origins of mistletoes as they are some of the most ancient ancestors that still exist today," Russell says. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- The presence of mistletoe was also an important indicator for the condition of country, as all species are sensitive to fire, so too much burning and they disappear from the landscape," Russell says. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- The simple act of removing mistletoe led to losses of over a third of the woodland dependent species [of bird]," Watson says. (wgbh.org)
Parasitic plants1
- However there are some parasitic plants with a bad reputation that's not entirely deserved and these include the Mistletoes. (abc.net.au)
Viscaceae2
- Molecular data show the mistletoe habit has evolved independently five times within the Santalales-first in the Misodendraceae, but also in the Loranthaceae and three times in the Santalaceae (in the former Santalalean families Eremolepidaceae and Viscaceae, and the tribe Amphorogyneae). (wikipedia.org)
- Mistletoe plants belong to two different families… traditionally the Loranthaceae, and the Viscaceae," explains Dr Russell Barrett, a botanist from the Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. (australiangeographic.com.au)
Druids2
- For the Druids, mistletoe was sacred. (wgbh.org)
- Druids believed that mistletoe could bestow health and good luck. (iastate.edu)
Trees10
- Mistletoes will grow in a wide range of trees. (abc.net.au)
- If you have masses of Mistletoe, occasionally trees will die, but usually the cause of death is drought or old age. (abc.net.au)
- Trees infested with mistletoe may die but this is often because the tree is already under stress. (abc.net.au)
- Leafy mistletoe appears on trees as a rich green leafy plant which can grow to 4 to 5 feet in size. (treehelp.com)
- Leafy Mistletoe is most obvious during the winter when trees naturally lose their leaves, and the mistletoe cluster becomes more evident. (treehelp.com)
- i have just realised i know quite a few ancient and elderly apple trees and cannot think of any in this area with mistletoe on them. (downsizer.net)
- I know of a few trees with mistletoe, but it isn't common in the south and south east. (downsizer.net)
- And that particular type of mistletoe can kill trees. (wgbh.org)
- And, Nickrent says, some mistletoes appear to expand the fungal community that lives in soil beneath infected trees. (wgbh.org)
- Mistletoe is a plant that grows on range of trees including willow, apple and oak trees. (whychristmas.com)
Infestation1
- Not only do they photosynthesize actively, but a heavy infestation of mistletoe plants may take over whole host tree branches, sometimes killing practically the entire crown and replacing it with their own growth. (wikipedia.org)
Birds3
- As far as plants go, mistletoes are quite remarkable because they rely exclusively on birds to spread their seeds, Russell says. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- The nests these birds create within the mistletoe are a sight to see. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- Mistletoe birds themselves aren't too bad looking either, with their bright orange chest and glossy black wings, which is why Australian Geographic columnist Bec Crew nicknamed them 'fire-breasted firepeckers' . (australiangeographic.com.au)
20001
- A retrospective cohort study done between 1993 and 2000 looked at the use of mistletoe extract as long-term adjuvant therapy in patients treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy for colorectal cancer that had not spread. (cancer.gov)
Kisses1
- Even when he takes our public kisses behind closed doors and there's no mistletoe in sight? (google.com)
Clinical trials1
- Most clinical trials using mistletoe extracts to treat cancer have been done in Europe. (cancer.gov)
Hang2
- This will be used to hang the mistletoe. (hallmarkchannel.com)
- 8. Hang mistletoe to garland using the piece of floral wire you left long in step 3. (hallmarkchannel.com)
Commonly3
- It commonly has two or even four embryos, each producing its hypocotyl, that grows towards the bark of the host under the influence of light and gravity, and potentially each forming a mistletoe plant in a clump. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite their familiar role in Christmas traditions, however, Palmer said the broader ecological importance and prevalence of mistletoes across the world is commonly unrecognized. (sciencedaily.com)
- CONCLUSION: Mistletoe therapy was commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer despite a lack of scientific knowledge among patients and physicians. (bvsalud.org)
Parasite2
- An aerial parasite, V. scurruloideum attaches to the stem of its host plant to derive nutrients for survival, and its general appearance is familiar to anyone who has ever stood under mistletoe during the holiday season. (sciencedaily.com)
- and the truth behind mistletoe, a Christmas tradition that's actually a poisonous parasite. (discovery.com)
Christmas6
- On 21 December 2020, the planets will align, appearing closer than they have since the middle ages, in what is being called a 'Christmas kiss'This year, stargazers will have the chance to see a Christmas "kiss" beneath interplanetary mistletoe when Jupiter and Saturn will appear closer to one another and brighter than they have in 800 years in an event known as a "great conjunction".Continue reading. (medworm.com)
- Lined with an enchanting array of specialty stores, Mistletoe Lane becomes a winter wonderland every December, adorned with twinkling Christmas lights and the aroma of freshly baked treats. (secondlife.com)
- KISSING UNDER the mistletoe - a romantic Christmas tradition- dates back all the way to Norse folklore and ancient Greek mythology. (australiangeographic.com.au)
- Mistletoe was also hung on the old English decoration the Christmas Bough or Kissing Bough which were very popular during 1700s - hence the name! (whychristmas.com)
- There were illustrations of kissing under the mistletoe in the first book version of 'A Christmas Carol' published in 1843, and this might have helped to popularised the custom. (whychristmas.com)
- Craft a romantic Christmas with this freestanding lace mistletoe! (urbanthreads.com)
Complementary2
- Mistletoe extracts are one of the most widely studied complementary and alternative medicine therapies in people with cancer . (cancer.gov)
- To understand the value for users, we evaluated the domain "Patient and Social aspects" in a health technology assessment on complementary mistletoe therapy in patients with breast cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Holly1
- Sprigs of holly, mistletoe and poinsettias of many colors are favorites for holiday decorating. (iastate.edu)
Extract9
- A study in postoperative early-stage breast cancer patients compared standard treatment and mistletoe extract to standard treatment alone. (cancer.gov)
- Less adverse drug reactions were reported in the group given mistletoe extract. (cancer.gov)
- Another study in breast cancer patients compared survival between those who had standard therapy and mistletoe extract and those who had standard therapy alone. (cancer.gov)
- Improved survival was reported in the group given mistletoe extract. (cancer.gov)
- The study found that patients treated with mistletoe extract had longer disease-free survival , fewer adverse events, and better symptom relief than patients who did not receive mistletoe extract as adjuvant therapy. (cancer.gov)
- A study published in 2013 looked at the use of mistletoe extract in advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer . (cancer.gov)
- Patients received best supportive care and were randomly assigned to receive either mistletoe extract or no anticancer therapy . (cancer.gov)
- Results from the study showed that patients treated with mistletoe extract had improved survival compared with those who did not receive mistletoe extract. (cancer.gov)
- Interestingly, over the years, all kinds of potentially irritant substances have been tried to cause a pleural reaction, ranging from antibiotics to deactivated bacteria and even mistletoe extract," Dr. Bhatnagar said in his email. (medscape.com)
Insects1
- What do insects have to do with mistletoe? (wgbh.org)
Branches1
- To control leafy mistletoe, heavily infested branches should be pruned. (treehelp.com)
Santalales1
- Mistletoe is the common name for obligate hemiparasitic plants in the order Santalales. (wikipedia.org)
Leaves1
- But mistletoes just drop their leaves with all the vitamins inside. (wgbh.org)
Forests1
- The biggest instances of tree death by mistletoe aren't in natural forests but rather in human-created groves for lumber. (wgbh.org)
Therapies1
- In Europe, mistletoe extracts are among the most prescribed therapies for cancer patients. (cancer.gov)
Branch2
- A mistletoe seed germinates on the branch of a host tree or shrub, and in its early stages of development it is independent of its host. (wikipedia.org)
- To remove mistletoe, prune the branch off behind the point of attachment. (abc.net.au)
Attachment1
- The pruning should occur about 18 inches below the point of mistletoe attachment. (treehelp.com)
Kiss1
- Why do we kiss under mistletoe? (whychristmas.com)
Plant3
- Mistletoe poisoning occurs when someone eats any part of this plant. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mistletoe products may be named by the type of tree on which the plant grows. (cancer.gov)
- Mistletoe plants manufacture their own food, but obtain water and mineral nutrients from a host plant. (iastate.edu)
Plants1
- Australia is home to two particularly beautiful mistletoes plants, in Russell's opinion. (australiangeographic.com.au)
Main1
- Main reasons for patients' use of mistletoe therapy were to leave nothing untried and to be actively involved in the treatment process. (bvsalud.org)
Tree5
- The type of host tree on which the mistletoe grows. (cancer.gov)
- The spread of leafy mistletoe can be achieved by through the use of Florel Growth Regulator as a foliar spray on the tree. (treehelp.com)
- I can't think that in my 48 years of living up north that I have ever seen any mistletoe growing on a tree. (downsizer.net)
- This is like a beautiful petri dish that's not inoculated yet," he says of the large tree plantations that can be so afflicted by dwarf mistletoe. (wgbh.org)
- At germination, the mistletoe seedling develops haustoria that grow through the bark of the tree and into its water conducting tissue. (iastate.edu)
Products1
- Many studies use mistletoe products as adjuvant therapy in patients with cancer. (cancer.gov)
Holiday1
- Mistletoe sold during the holiday season is gathered in the wild. (iastate.edu)
Size1
- Even so, he does agree that mistletoe has, for its size, a lot of bang for its buck in a forest ecosystem. (wgbh.org)
Australia1
- As to whether mistletoe in the United States improves forest biodiversity in the way that it appears to in Australia, dwarf mistletoe in the Western U.S. doesn't have the same amount of leaf litter. (wgbh.org)
Grow1
- Mistletoe obtains water and nutrients via root-like haustoria that grow into the host plant's water conducting tissue. (iastate.edu)
Back1
- Traditions involving mistletoe date back to ancient times. (iastate.edu)
Water1
- Mistletoe extracts are made in water-based solutions or solutions of water and alcohol . (cancer.gov)
Therapy1
- PURPOSE: To mitigate side effects of conventional cancer care and improve quality of life, many patients with breast cancer in German-speaking countries opt for mistletoe therapy in addition to standard treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Role1
- In addition, mistletoe played a role in a superstition concerning marriage. (iastate.edu)
Work1
- apples = a fair bit of work over the year mistletoe = a couple of days cutting and a few phone calls i was quite surprised at the price they got especially if the uk domestic crop was berry light that year. (downsizer.net)
