Mitral Valve Prolapse
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Phonocardiography
Aortic Valve Prolapse
Tricuspid Valve Prolapse
Uterine Prolapse
Rectal Prolapse
Heart Murmurs
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Echocardiography
Heart Valve Diseases
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Aortic Valve
Heart Valve Prolapse
Marfan Syndrome
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty
Chordae Tendineae
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional
Aortic Valve Insufficiency
Echocardiography, Transesophageal
Lentigo
Echocardiography, Doppler, Color
Endocarditis, Bacterial
Aortic Valve Stenosis
Echocardiography, Doppler
Tricuspid Valve
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation
Heart Valve Prosthesis
Death, Sudden
Electrocardiography
Joint Instability
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Regression of cardiac abnormalities after replacement therapy in Addison's disease. (1/234)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate by echocardiography the cardiac structure and function in patients with primary adrenocortical insufficiency. DESIGN AND METHODS: Two-dimensionally guided M-mode echocardiograms and spectral Doppler studies were performed in seven consecutive patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune primary adrenal failure before and 4-8 months after an adequate regimen of steroid substitution. Echocardiographic parameters were also studied in ten healthy controls. RESULTS: In the cases with untreated Addison's disease, both left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions were significantly reduced in comparison with those in controls (P<0.01). Four patients had echocardiographic signs of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) at the anterior leaflet, with no evidence of mitral regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography. Systolic clicks characteristic of MVP were present on auscultation in two of these cases. Left ventricular chamber size normalized, i.e. significantly increased (P<0.01), and both echocardiographic and physical signs of MVP resolved after steroid substitution in all patients. All other echocardiographic indices were normal before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with untreated Addison's disease have cardiac abnormalities which regress after steroid substitution. A valvular-ventricular disproportion due to the hypovolemic state could explain these findings. (+info)Prevalence and clinical outcome of mitral-valve prolapse. (2/234)
BACKGROUND: Mitral-valve prolapse has been described as a common disease with frequent complications. To determine the prevalence of mitral-valve prolapse in the general population, as diagnosed with the use of current two-dimensional echocardiographic criteria, we examined the echocardiograms of 1845 women and 1646 men (mean [+/-SD] age, 54.7+/-10.0 years) who participated in the fifth examination of the offspring cohort of the Framingham Heart Study. METHODS: Classic mitral-valve prolapse was defined as superior displacement of the mitral leaflets of more than 2 mm during systole and as a maximal leaflet thickness of at least 5 mm during diastasis, and nonclassic prolapse was defined as displacement of more than 2 mm, with a maximal thickness of less than 5 mm. RESULTS: A total of 84 subjects (2.4 percent) had mitral-valve prolapse: 47 (1.3 percent) had classic prolapse, and 37 (1.1 percent) had nonclassic prolapse. Their age and sex distributions were similar to those of the subjects without prolapse. None of the subjects with prolapse had a history of heart failure, one (1.2 percent) had atrial fibrillation, one (1.2 percent) had cerebrovascular disease, and three (3.6 percent) had syncope, as compared with unadjusted prevalences of these findings in the subjects without prolapse of 0.7, 1.7, 1.5, and 3.0 percent, respectively. The frequencies of chest pain, dyspnea, and electrocardiographic abnormalities were similar among subjects with prolapse and those without prolapse. The subjects with prolapse were leaner (P<0.001) and had a greater degree of mitral regurgitation than those without prolapse, but on average the regurgitation was classified as trace or mild. CONCLUSIONS: In a community based sample of the population, the prevalence of mitral-valve prolapse was lower than previously reported. The prevalence of adverse sequelae commonly associated with mitral-valve prolapse in studies of patients referred for that diagnosis was also low. (+info)Lack of evidence of an association between mitral-valve prolapse and stroke in young patients. (3/234)
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of mitral-valve prolapse among patients with embolic stroke (28 to 40 percent), especially among young patients (those < or =45 years old); this finding has practical implications for prophylaxis. However, diagnostic criteria for prolapse have changed and are now based on three-dimensional analysis of the shape of the valve; use of the current criteria reduces markedly the frequency of such a diagnosis and increases its specificity. Previously described complications must therefore be reconsidered. METHODS: In a case-control study, we reviewed data on 213 consecutive patients 45 years old or younger with documented ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack between 1985 and 1995; they underwent complete neurologic and echocardiographic evaluations. The prevalence of prolapse in these patients was compared with that in 263 control subjects without known heart disease, who were referred to our institution for assessment of ventricular function before receiving chemotherapy. RESULTS: Mitral-valve prolapse was present in 4 of the 213 young patients with stroke (1.9 percent), as compared with 7 of the 263 controls (2.7 percent); prolapse was present in 2 of 71 patients (2.8 percent) with otherwise unexplained stroke. The crude odds ratio for mitral-valve prolapse among the patients who had strokes, as compared with those who did not have strokes, was 0.70 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.15 to 2.80; P=0.80); after adjustment for age and sex, the odds ratio was 0.59 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.12 to 2.50; P=0.62). CONCLUSIONS: Mitral-valve prolapse is considerably less common than previously reported among young patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack, including unexplained stroke, and no more common than among controls. Using more specific and currently accepted echocardiographic criteria, therefore, we could not demonstrate an association between the presence of mitral-valve prolapse and acute ischemic neurologic events in young people. (+info)Mapping of a first locus for autosomal dominant myxomatous mitral-valve prolapse to chromosome 16p11.2-p12.1. (4/234)
Myxomatous mitral-valve prolapse (MMVP), also called Barlow disease, is a common cardiac abnormality and affects up to 5% of the population. It is characterized by an excess of tissue that leads to billowing of the mitral leaflets, sometimes complicated by prolapse. Typical histological findings include myxomatous degeneration and degradation of collagen and elastin. Previous reports have proposed an autosomal dominant inheritance of the trait, with age- and sex-dependent expression. By systematic echocardiographic screening of the first-degree relatives of 17 patients who underwent mitral-valve repair, we have identified four pedigrees showing such an inheritance. Genomewide linkage analysis of the most informative pedigree (24 individuals, three generations) showed a significant linkage for markers mapping to chromosome 16p, with a two-point maximum LOD score for D16S3068 (Zmax=3.30 at straight theta=0). Linkage to D16S3068 was confirmed in a second family (Zmax=2.02 at straight theta=0) but was excluded for the two remaining families, thus demonstrating the genetic heterogeneity of the disease. Multipoint linkage analysis performed, with nine additional markers, on the two families with linkage gave maximum multipoint LOD scores of 5.45 and 5.68 for D16S3133, according to a conservative and a stringent model, respectively. Haplotype analysis defined a 5-cM minimal MMVP-1 locus between D16S3068 (16p11.2) and D16S420 (16p12. 1) and a 34-cM maximal interval between D16S404 and D16S3068 when recombination events were taken into account only in affected individuals. The identification of this locus represents a first step toward a new molecular classification of mitral-valve prolapse. (+info)Relation between QT dispersion and ventricular arrhythmias in uncomplicated isolated mitral valve prolapse. (5/234)
Complications of mitral valve prolapse (MVP), among which serious ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death are of major importance, affect many individuals due to the high incidence of MVP itself in the community despite the actual low incidence of these complications. The present study investigated the incidence and distribution of ventricular arrhythmias according to their severity and relationship with the QT interval and dispersion of repolarization in uncomplicated isolated MVP (IMVP) cases. Fifty-eight uncomplicated IMVP patients, 33 patients with accompanying tricuspid valve prolapse (TVP), to compare its relationship with ventricular arrhythmia, and 60 age- and sex-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Individuals with accompanying cardiac or systemic disease, or who were on drug therapy that could potentially affect QT characteristics, were excluded. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmia was 48% in the IMVP group and 64% in the TVP group; the difference was statistically insignificant. In addition, the differences of the QT and Q peak T values were insignificant, whereas QT dispersion (QTd) and Q peak T dispersion (QpeakTd) values were significantly higher in the patient group (60+/-14, 54+/-14 ms, respectively) compared with the control group (42+/-10, 38+/-10 ms, respectively, p<0.001). Complex ventricular arrhythmias (Lown Grade > or =III) in the IMVP group had a significant relationship with QTd and QpeakTd (p<0.001), but not with QT or QpeakT. As a result of the study, it is concluded that TVP accompanying MVP does not increase the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, that ventricular arrhythmia is related to QT dispersion rather than QT interval in IMVP, that the QT dispersion is a fairly good marker for identifying the high-risk group for serious ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death, and that QpeakT dispersion measurement is an additional indicator that could be an alternative when QT is difficult to determine in conditions such as high heart rate or the presence of U wave. (+info)Coronary flow reserve and ischemic-like electrocardiogram in patients with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse. (6/234)
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether coronary microvascular function is impaired in patients with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and whether ischemia-like ECG, if present, is related to coronary microvascular dysfunction. Twenty chest pain patients with normal coronary angiograms and MVP proven by echocardiogram were included. Both treadmill exercise test (TET) and coronary hemodynamic study were done in each patient. Coronary flow reserve (CFR) was determined by measuring coronary sinus flow (CSF) or great cardiac venous flow (GCVF) both at baseline and after dipyridamole 0.56 mg/kg IV for 4 minutes (maximum). All patients were divided into 2 groups with either negative (TET-) or positive results of TET (TET+). Another 10 subjects with atypical chest pain, normal coronary angiograms, echocardiogram and TET were used as controls. There were no differences in GCVF, either at baseline or after dipyridamole infusion, among the 3 groups. Calculated CFR using GCVF was similar among the 3 groups. However, baseline CSF was higher in the TET+ group (TET- vs TET+ vs control: 77 +/- 24 vs 96 +/- 31 vs 75 +/- 12 ml/min, p < 0.05) and maximum CSF was lower in the TET- group (TET- vs TET+ vs control: 167 +/- 25 vs 219 +/- 85 vs 238 +/- 80 ml/min, p < 0.05). Calculated CFR using CSF was significantly reduced in both the TET- (2.26 +/- 0.4) and TET+ groups (2.31 +/- 0.7) as compared with the control subjects (3.18 +/- 0.95, p < 0.01). There were no differences in any of the hemodynamic parameters between the TET- and TET+ groups. Coronary microvascular function could be impaired in patients with symptomatic MVP. Such impairment, when presented, was probably regional and outside the territory of the left anterior descending coronary artery. However, it was irrelevant to the presence of ischemic-like ECG during exercise. (+info)Natural history of cardiovascular manifestations in Marfan syndrome. (7/234)
AIMS: To investigate the natural history of mitral valve and aortic abnormalities in patients with Marfan syndrome during childhood and adolescence. METHODS: Fifty two patients with Marfan syndrome were followed for a mean of 7.9 years. Occurrence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes was measured clinically and by ultrasound examination. RESULTS: Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was diagnosed in 46 patients at a mean age of 9.7 years, more than 80% of whom presented as "silent MVP". Mitral regurgitation (MR) occurred in 25 patients, aortic dilatation in 43, and aortic regurgitation (AR) in 13. Both MVP and aortic dilatation developed at a constant rate during the age period 5-20 years. In 23 patients MVP was diagnosed before aortic dilatation, in 18 the reverse occurred, and in 11 patients the two abnormalities were diagnosed simultaneously. During follow up, 21 patients showed progression of mitral valve dysfunction; progression of aortic abnormalities occurred in 13. Aortic surgery was performed in 10; two died of subsequent complications. Mitral valve surgery was performed in six. In sporadic female Marfan patients the age at initial diagnosis of MVP, MR, aortic dilatation, and AR was lowest, the grade of MR and AR most severe, the time lapse between the occurrence of MVP and subsequent MR as well as between dilatation and subsequent AR shortest, and the risk for cardiovascular associated morbidity and mortality highest. CONCLUSIONS: During childhood and adolescence in Marfan syndrome, mitral valve dysfunction as well as aortic abnormalities develop and progress gradually, often without symptoms, but may cause considerable morbidity and mortality by the end of the second decade, especially in female sporadic patients. (+info)Constrictive pericarditis associated with Marlex mesh. Two case reports. (8/234)
Two patients were referred to our hospital with constrictive pericarditis approximately 1 year after undergoing mitral valve repair at another institution. Both repairs had included the use of a pericardial substitute, Marlex mesh, to prevent adhesion and to facilitate possible reoperations. Computed tomography and cardiac catheterization were used to establish the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. During surgery, dense, thickened fibrous tissue, the result of a Marlex mesh-related reaction, was found tightly adhered to the epicardium in each of the patients. It appeared that the Marlex mesh, which had been inserted to facilitate reoperation, had contributed to the development of constrictive pericarditis. (+info)Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heart condition where the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart, doesn't function properly. In MVP, one or both of the mitral valve flaps (known as leaflets) bulge or billow into the left atrium during the contraction of the left ventricle. This prolapse can cause a leakage of blood back into the atrium, known as mitral regurgitation. In many cases, MVP is asymptomatic and doesn't require treatment, but in some instances, it may lead to complications such as infective endocarditis or arrhythmias. The exact causes of MVP are not fully understood, but it can be associated with certain genetic factors, connective tissue disorders, and mitral valve abnormalities present at birth.
A prolapse is a medical condition where an organ or tissue in the body slips from its normal position and drops down into a lower part of the body. This usually occurs when the muscles and ligaments that support the organ become weak or stretched. The most common types of prolapses include:
* Uterine prolapse: When the uterus slips down into or protrudes out of the vagina.
* Rectal prolapse: When the rectum (the lower end of the colon) slips outside the anus.
* Bladder prolapse (cystocele): When the bladder drops into the vagina.
* Small bowel prolapse (enterocele): When the small intestine bulges into the vagina.
Prolapses can cause various symptoms, such as discomfort, pain, pressure, and difficulty with urination or bowel movements. Treatment options depend on the severity of the prolapse and may include lifestyle changes, physical therapy, medication, or surgery.
The mitral valve, also known as the bicuspid valve, is a two-leaflet valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle in the heart. Its function is to ensure unidirectional flow of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle during the cardiac cycle. The mitral valve consists of two leaflets (anterior and posterior), the chordae tendineae, papillary muscles, and the left atrial and ventricular myocardium. Dysfunction of the mitral valve can lead to various heart conditions such as mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis.
Mitral valve insufficiency, also known as mitral regurgitation, is a cardiac condition in which the mitral valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart does not close properly, causing blood to flow backward into the atrium during contraction of the ventricle. This leads to an increased volume load on the left heart chamber and can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention. The condition can be caused by various factors including valve damage due to degenerative changes, infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, or trauma. Treatment options include medication, mitral valve repair, or replacement surgery depending on the severity and underlying cause of the insufficiency.
Phonocardiography is a non-invasive medical procedure that involves the graphical representation and analysis of sounds produced by the heart. It uses a device called a phonocardiograph to record these sounds, which are then displayed as waveforms on a screen. The procedure is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic techniques, such as electrocardiography (ECG), to help diagnose various heart conditions, including valvular heart disease and heart murmurs.
During the procedure, a specialized microphone called a phonendoscope is placed on the chest wall over the area of the heart. The microphone picks up the sounds generated by the heart's movements, such as the closing and opening of the heart valves, and transmits them to the phonocardiograph. The phonocardiograph then converts these sounds into a visual representation, which can be analyzed for any abnormalities or irregularities in the heart's function.
Phonocardiography is a valuable tool for healthcare professionals, as it can provide important insights into the health and functioning of the heart. By analyzing the waveforms produced during phonocardiography, doctors can identify any potential issues with the heart's valves or other structures, which may require further investigation or treatment. Overall, phonocardiography is an essential component of modern cardiac diagnostics, helping to ensure that patients receive accurate and timely diagnoses for their heart conditions.
Aortic valve prolapse is a cardiac condition in which the aortic valve leaflets bulge or billow into the left ventricle during systole, the phase of the heart cycle when the ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart. The aortic valve typically has three leaflets that open and close to regulate the flow of blood between the left ventricle and the aorta. In aortic valve prolapse, one or more of these leaflets become floppy, allowing blood to leak back into the left ventricle, a condition known as aortic regurgitation.
Aortic valve prolapse can be congenital or acquired. Some people are born with abnormalities in the aortic valve that make it more prone to prolapse, while others may develop the condition due to degenerative changes in the valve tissue over time. Certain factors, such as Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and infective endocarditis, can increase the risk of aortic valve prolapse.
The symptoms of aortic valve prolapse can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not cause any noticeable symptoms, while more severe cases can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and irregular heart rhythms. Treatment for aortic valve prolapse may include monitoring, medication, or surgical repair or replacement of the aortic valve.
Heart auscultation is a medical procedure in which a healthcare professional uses a stethoscope to listen to the sounds produced by the heart. The process involves placing the stethoscope on various locations of the chest wall to hear different areas of the heart.
The sounds heard during auscultation are typically related to the opening and closing of the heart valves, as well as the turbulence created by blood flow through the heart chambers. These sounds can provide important clues about the structure and function of the heart, allowing healthcare professionals to diagnose various cardiovascular conditions such as heart murmurs, valvular disorders, and abnormal heart rhythms.
Heart auscultation is a key component of a physical examination and requires proper training and experience to interpret the findings accurately.
Tricuspid valve prolapse is a cardiac condition where the tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart, doesn't close properly due to one or more of its leaflets (flaps) bulging or billowing into the right atrium during contraction of the right ventricle. This allows the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium, known as tricuspid regurgitation. In some cases, tricuspid valve prolapse may not cause any symptoms and can be an incidental finding on echocardiography. However, if severe tricuspid regurgitation occurs, it can lead to right-sided heart failure, atrial arrhythmias, and other complications. The condition is often associated with mitral valve prolapse or other connective tissue disorders.
Uterine prolapse is a condition where the uterus descends or slips down from its normal position in the pelvic cavity into or through the cervix and sometimes even outside the vaginal opening. This occurs due to the weakening of the muscles and ligaments that support the uterus, often as a result of childbirth, aging, menopause, obesity, or prior hysterectomy. Uterine prolapse can lead to various symptoms such as a feeling of heaviness in the pelvis, difficulty in urinating or having bowel movements, and uncomfortable sexual intercourse. The severity of the condition may vary from mild to severe, and treatment options range from lifestyle changes and physical therapy to surgery.
Rectal prolapse is a medical condition where the rectum, which is the lower end of the colon, slips outside the anus, the opening through which stool leaves the body. This usually occurs due to weakened muscles and supporting structures in the pelvic area, often as a result of aging, childbirth, or long-term constipation or diarrhea.
The rectal prolapse can be partial, where only a small portion of the rectum slips outside the anus, or complete, where the entire rectum protrudes. This condition can cause discomfort, pain, bleeding, and difficulty with bowel movements. Treatment options may include dietary changes, medication, or surgical intervention.
A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a heartbeat, which is caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart. It is often described as a blowing, whooshing, or rasping noise. Heart murmurs can be innocent (harmless and not associated with any heart disease) or pathological (indicating an underlying heart condition). They are typically detected during routine physical examinations using a stethoscope. The classification of heart murmurs includes systolic, diastolic, continuous, and functional murmurs, based on the timing and auscultatory location. Various heart conditions, such as valvular disorders, congenital heart defects, or infections, can cause pathological heart murmurs. Further evaluation with diagnostic tests like echocardiography is often required to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment.
Mitral valve stenosis is a cardiac condition characterized by the narrowing or stiffening of the mitral valve, one of the four heart valves that regulate blood flow through the heart. This narrowing prevents the mitral valve from fully opening during diastole (relaxation phase of the heart cycle), leading to restricted flow of oxygenated blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle.
The narrowing or stiffening of the mitral valve can be caused by various factors, such as rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart defects, aging, or calcium deposits on the valve leaflets. As a result, the left atrium has to work harder to pump blood into the left ventricle, causing increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins. This can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, coughing, and heart palpitations.
Mitral valve stenosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging techniques like echocardiography or cardiac catheterization. Treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications, as well as surgical interventions such as mitral valve repair or replacement to alleviate the stenosis and improve heart function.
Echocardiography is a medical procedure that uses sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart's structure, function, and motion. It is a non-invasive test that can help diagnose various heart conditions, such as valve problems, heart muscle damage, blood clots, and congenital heart defects.
During an echocardiogram, a transducer (a device that sends and receives sound waves) is placed on the chest or passed through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart. The sound waves produced by the transducer bounce off the heart structures and return to the transducer, which then converts them into electrical signals that are processed to create images of the heart.
There are several types of echocardiograms, including:
* Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE): This is the most common type of echocardiogram and involves placing the transducer on the chest.
* Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): This type of echocardiogram involves passing a specialized transducer through the esophagus to obtain images of the heart from a closer proximity.
* Stress echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram is performed during exercise or medication-induced stress to assess how the heart functions under stress.
* Doppler echocardiography: This type of echocardiogram uses sound waves to measure blood flow and velocity in the heart and blood vessels.
Echocardiography is a valuable tool for diagnosing and managing various heart conditions, as it provides detailed information about the structure and function of the heart. It is generally safe, non-invasive, and painless, making it a popular choice for doctors and patients alike.
Heart valve diseases are a group of conditions that affect the function of one or more of the heart's four valves (tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, and aortic). These valves are responsible for controlling the direction and flow of blood through the heart. Heart valve diseases can cause the valves to become narrowed (stenosis), leaky (regurgitation or insufficiency), or improperly closed (prolapse), leading to disrupted blood flow within the heart and potentially causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and irregular heart rhythms. The causes of heart valve diseases can include congenital defects, age-related degenerative changes, infections, rheumatic heart disease, and high blood pressure. Treatment options may include medications, surgical repair or replacement of the affected valve(s), or transcatheter procedures.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) is a medical condition where the supporting muscles and ligaments in a woman's pelvis weaken, causing one or more of the pelvic organs - including the bladder, uterus, rectum, or small intestine - to drop or press into or out of the vagina. This can result in various symptoms such as a feeling of heaviness or fullness in the pelvis, pressure or pain in the lower back, painful intercourse, and problems with urination or bowel movements. POP is often associated with childbirth, menopause, aging, and certain medical conditions that increase abdominal pressure, like obesity or chronic coughing. Treatment options can range from lifestyle changes and physical therapy to surgery.
The aortic valve is the valve located between the left ventricle (the lower left chamber of the heart) and the aorta (the largest artery in the body, which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body). It is made up of three thin flaps or leaflets that open and close to regulate blood flow. During a heartbeat, the aortic valve opens to allow blood to be pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta, and then closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle when it relaxes. Any abnormality or damage to this valve can lead to various cardiovascular conditions such as aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, or infective endocarditis.
Heart valve prolapse, also known as mitral valve prolapse or MVP, is a condition in which the leaflets (flaps) of the heart's valves do not close properly. In heart valve prolapse, one or more of the valve leaflets bulge into the upper chamber of the heart (atrium) when the valve closes. This can cause a backflow of blood, known as regurgitation, which can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and irregular heart rhythms. Heart valve prolapse is most commonly affects the mitral valve, but it can also affect the other heart valves. The exact cause of heart valve prolapse is not known, but it may be associated with certain factors such as connective tissue disorders, aging, and previous heart conditions. In many cases, heart valve prolapse does not cause any symptoms or complications and may only require regular monitoring by a healthcare professional. However, in some cases, heart valve prolapse can lead to serious complications such as endocarditis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart) or heart failure, so it is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms or have concerns about your heart health.
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue. Connective tissue helps to strengthen and support various structures in the body, including the skin, ligaments, blood vessels, and heart. In Marfan syndrome, the body produces an abnormal amount of a protein called fibrillin-1, which is a key component of connective tissue. This leads to problems with the formation and function of connective tissue throughout the body.
The most serious complications of Marfan syndrome typically involve the heart and blood vessels. The aorta, which is the large artery that carries blood away from the heart, can become weakened and stretched, leading to an increased risk of aortic dissection or rupture. Other common features of Marfan syndrome include long, thin fingers and toes; tall stature; a curved spine; and eye problems such as nearsightedness and lens dislocation.
Marfan syndrome is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene mutation from a parent who has the condition. However, about 25% of cases are the result of a new mutation and occur in people with no family history of the disorder. There is no cure for Marfan syndrome, but treatment can help to manage the symptoms and reduce the risk of complications.
Mitral valve annuloplasty is a surgical procedure that involves repairing and reinforcing the mitral valve in the heart, which helps control blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle. The procedure typically aims to reduce the size of the mitral valve's dilated or stretched opening (annulus) by implanting a prosthetic ring or band around it. This reinforcement helps restore normal valve function, preventing regurgitation or backflow of blood into the atrium during heart contractions.
The procedure is often performed to treat mitral valve regurgitation, which can be caused by various factors such as age-related degenerative changes, infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, or congenital abnormalities. Mitral valve annuloplasty may be done alone or in combination with other cardiac surgeries like mitral valve replacement or repair of the valve leaflets.
The chordae tendineae are cord-like tendons that attach the heart's papillary muscles to the tricuspid and mitral valves in the heart. They play a crucial role in preventing the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. The chordae tendineae ensure that the cusps of the atrioventricular valves close properly and maintain their shape during the cardiac cycle. Damage to these tendons can result in heart conditions such as mitral or tricuspid valve regurgitation.
Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is defined as a chronic heart condition caused by damage to the heart valves due to untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal throat infection (strep throat). The immune system's response to this infection can mistakenly attack and damage the heart tissue, leading to inflammation and scarring of the heart valves. This damage can result in narrowing, leakage, or abnormal functioning of the heart valves, which can further lead to complications such as heart failure, stroke, or infective endocarditis.
RHD is a preventable and treatable condition if detected early and managed effectively. It primarily affects children and young adults in developing countries where access to healthcare and antibiotics for strep throat infections may be limited. Long-term management of RHD typically involves medications, regular monitoring, and sometimes surgical intervention to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is a type of cardiac ultrasound that uses advanced technologies to create a real-time, detailed 3D image of the heart. This imaging technique provides a more comprehensive view of the heart's structure and function compared to traditional 2D echocardiography. By visualizing the heart from multiple angles, 3DE can help physicians better assess complex cardiac conditions, plan treatments, and monitor their effectiveness.
In a 3DE examination, a transducer (a handheld device that emits and receives sound waves) is placed on the chest to capture ultrasound data. This data is then processed by specialized software to create a 3D model of the heart. The procedure is non-invasive and typically takes less than an hour to complete.
Three-dimensional echocardiography has several clinical applications, including:
1. Evaluation of cardiac morphology and function in congenital heart disease
2. Assessment of valvular structure and function, such as mitral or aortic valve regurgitation or stenosis
3. Guidance during interventional procedures like transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
4. Quantification of left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and mass
5. Assessment of right ventricular size and function
6. Detection and monitoring of cardiac tumors or other masses
7. Pre-surgical planning for complex heart surgeries
Overall, 3DE offers a more accurate and detailed view of the heart, allowing healthcare providers to make informed decisions about patient care and improve outcomes.
Aortic valve insufficiency, also known as aortic regurgitation or aortic incompetence, is a cardiac condition in which the aortic valve does not close properly during the contraction phase of the heart cycle. This allows blood to flow back into the left ventricle from the aorta, instead of being pumped out to the rest of the body. As a result, the left ventricle must work harder to maintain adequate cardiac output, which can lead to left ventricular enlargement and heart failure over time if left untreated.
The aortic valve is a trileaflet valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. During systole (the contraction phase of the heart cycle), the aortic valve opens to allow blood to be pumped out of the left ventricle into the aorta and then distributed to the rest of the body. During diastole (the relaxation phase of the heart cycle), the aortic valve closes to prevent blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.
Aortic valve insufficiency can be caused by various conditions, including congenital heart defects, infective endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease, Marfan syndrome, and trauma. Symptoms of aortic valve insufficiency may include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations, and edema (swelling). Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination, echocardiography, and other imaging studies. Treatment options depend on the severity of the condition and may include medication, surgery to repair or replace the aortic valve, or a combination of both.
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a type of echocardiogram, which is a medical test that uses sound waves to create detailed images of the heart. In TEE, a special probe containing a transducer is passed down the esophagus (the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach) to obtain views of the heart from behind. This allows for more detailed images of the heart structures and function compared to a standard echocardiogram, which uses a probe placed on the chest. TEE is often used in patients with poor image quality from a standard echocardiogram or when more detailed images are needed to diagnose or monitor certain heart conditions. It is typically performed by a trained cardiologist or sonographer under the direction of a cardiologist.
A lentigo is a small, sharply defined, pigmented macule (flat spot) on the skin. It's usually tan, brown, or black and can appear on various parts of the body, particularly where the skin has been exposed to the sun. Lentigos are typically harmless and don't require treatment unless they're uncomfortable or for cosmetic reasons. However, some types of lentigines, such as lentigo maligna, can progress into melanoma, a type of skin cancer, so regular self-examinations and professional skin checks are important.
It is essential to differentiate between simple lentigos and lentigo maligna, which is a precancerous lesion. Lentigo maligna tends to occur in older individuals, often on the face, and can appear as a large, irregularly shaped, and darkly pigmented patch. A dermatologist should evaluate any suspicious or changing skin spots for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Echocardiography, Doppler, color is a type of ultrasound test that uses sound waves to create detailed moving images of the heart and its blood vessels. In this technique, color Doppler is used to visualize the direction and speed of blood flow through the heart and great vessels. The movement of the red blood cells causes a change in frequency of the reflected sound waves (Doppler shift), which can be used to calculate the velocity and direction of the blood flow. By adding color to the Doppler image, it becomes easier for the interpreting physician to understand the complex three-dimensional motion of blood through the heart. This test is often used to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions, including valve disorders, congenital heart defects, and cardiac muscle diseases.
Bacterial endocarditis is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and infection of the inner layer of the heart, known as the endocardium. This infection typically occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream and attach themselves to damaged or abnormal heart valves or other parts of the endocardium. The bacteria can then multiply and cause the formation of vegetations, which are clusters of infected tissue that can further damage the heart valves and lead to serious complications such as heart failure, stroke, or even death if left untreated.
Bacterial endocarditis is a relatively uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention. Risk factors for developing bacterial endocarditis include pre-existing heart conditions such as congenital heart defects, artificial heart valves, previous history of endocarditis, or other conditions that damage the heart valves. Intravenous drug use is also a significant risk factor for this condition.
Symptoms of bacterial endocarditis may include fever, chills, fatigue, muscle and joint pain, shortness of breath, chest pain, and a new or changing heart murmur. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood cultures, and imaging tests such as echocardiography. Treatment usually involves several weeks of intravenous antibiotics to eradicate the infection, and in some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Aortic valve stenosis is a cardiac condition characterized by the narrowing or stiffening of the aortic valve, which separates the left ventricle (the heart's main pumping chamber) from the aorta (the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body). This narrowing or stiffening prevents the aortic valve from opening fully, resulting in reduced blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and the rest of the body.
The narrowing can be caused by several factors, including congenital heart defects, calcification (hardening) of the aortic valve due to aging, or scarring of the valve due to rheumatic fever or other inflammatory conditions. As a result, the left ventricle must work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, which can lead to thickening and enlargement of the left ventricular muscle (left ventricular hypertrophy).
Symptoms of aortic valve stenosis may include chest pain or tightness, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness or fainting, and heart palpitations. Severe aortic valve stenosis can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, or even sudden cardiac death. Treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms, lifestyle changes, or surgical intervention such as aortic valve replacement.
Doppler echocardiography is a type of ultrasound test that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels. It measures the direction and speed of blood flow in the heart and major blood vessels leading to and from the heart. This helps to evaluate various conditions such as valve problems, congenital heart defects, and heart muscle diseases.
In Doppler echocardiography, a small handheld device called a transducer is placed on the chest, which emits sound waves that bounce off the heart and blood vessels. The transducer then picks up the returning echoes, which are processed by a computer to create moving images of the heart.
The Doppler effect is used to measure the speed and direction of blood flow. This occurs when the frequency of the sound waves changes as they bounce off moving objects, such as red blood cells. By analyzing these changes, the ultrasound machine can calculate the velocity and direction of blood flow in different parts of the heart.
Doppler echocardiography is a non-invasive test that does not require any needles or dyes. It is generally safe and painless, although patients may experience some discomfort from the pressure applied by the transducer on the chest. The test usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes to complete.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Teaching Materials" is not a medical term or concept. It generally refers to resources and tools used by educators to facilitate learning, which can include textbooks, multimedia presentations, handouts, and other materials used in educational settings. If you have a specific term related to medicine or healthcare in mind, please let me know so I can provide a more accurate definition.
The tricuspid valve is the heart valve that separates the right atrium and the right ventricle in the human heart. It is called "tricuspid" because it has three leaflets or cusps, which are also referred to as flaps or segments. These cusps are named anterior, posterior, and septal. The tricuspid valve's function is to prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricle into the atrium during systole, ensuring unidirectional flow of blood through the heart.
Heart valve prosthesis implantation is a surgical procedure where an artificial heart valve is inserted to replace a damaged or malfunctioning native heart valve. This can be necessary for patients with valvular heart disease, including stenosis (narrowing) or regurgitation (leaking), who do not respond to medical management and are at risk of heart failure or other complications.
There are two main types of artificial heart valves used in prosthesis implantation: mechanical valves and biological valves. Mechanical valves are made of synthetic materials, such as carbon and metal, and can last a long time but require lifelong anticoagulation therapy to prevent blood clots from forming. Biological valves, on the other hand, are made from animal or human tissue and typically do not require anticoagulation therapy but may have a limited lifespan and may need to be replaced in the future.
The decision to undergo heart valve prosthesis implantation is based on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, type and severity of valvular disease, and personal preferences. The procedure can be performed through traditional open-heart surgery or minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic-assisted surgery or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Recovery time varies depending on the approach used and individual patient factors.
A heart valve prosthesis is a medical device that is implanted in the heart to replace a damaged or malfunctioning heart valve. The prosthetic valve can be made of biological tissue (such as from a pig or cow) or artificial materials (such as carbon or polyester). Its function is to allow for the proper directional flow of blood through the heart, opening and closing with each heartbeat to prevent backflow of blood.
There are several types of heart valve prostheses, including:
1. Mechanical valves: These are made entirely of artificial materials and have a longer lifespan than biological valves. However, they require the patient to take blood-thinning medication for the rest of their life to prevent blood clots from forming on the valve.
2. Bioprosthetic valves: These are made of biological tissue and typically last 10-15 years before needing replacement. They do not require the patient to take blood-thinning medication, but there is a higher risk of reoperation due to degeneration of the tissue over time.
3. Homografts or allografts: These are human heart valves that have been donated and preserved for transplantation. They have similar longevity to bioprosthetic valves and do not require blood-thinning medication.
4. Autografts: In this case, the patient's own pulmonary valve is removed and used to replace the damaged aortic valve. This procedure is called the Ross procedure and has excellent long-term results, but it requires advanced surgical skills and is not widely available.
The choice of heart valve prosthesis depends on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, lifestyle, and personal preferences.
Sudden death is a term used to describe a situation where a person dies abruptly and unexpectedly, often within minutes to hours of the onset of symptoms. It is typically caused by cardiac or respiratory arrest, which can be brought on by various medical conditions such as heart disease, stroke, severe infections, drug overdose, or trauma. In some cases, the exact cause of sudden death may remain unknown even after a thorough post-mortem examination.
It is important to note that sudden death should not be confused with "sudden cardiac death," which specifically refers to deaths caused by the abrupt loss of heart function (cardiac arrest). Sudden cardiac death is often related to underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, or electrical abnormalities in the heart.
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is a medical procedure that records the electrical activity of the heart. It provides a graphic representation of the electrical changes that occur during each heartbeat. The resulting tracing, called an electrocardiogram, can reveal information about the heart's rate and rhythm, as well as any damage to its cells or abnormalities in its conduction system.
During an ECG, small electrodes are placed on the skin of the chest, arms, and legs. These electrodes detect the electrical signals produced by the heart and transmit them to a machine that amplifies and records them. The procedure is non-invasive, painless, and quick, usually taking only a few minutes.
ECGs are commonly used to diagnose and monitor various heart conditions, including arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and electrolyte imbalances. They can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of certain medications or treatments.
Joint instability is a condition characterized by the loss of normal joint function and increased risk of joint injury due to impaired integrity of the supporting structures, such as ligaments, muscles, or cartilage. This can result in excessive movement or laxity within the joint, leading to decreased stability and increased susceptibility to dislocations or subluxations. Joint instability may cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, and it can significantly impact a person's mobility and quality of life. It is often caused by trauma, degenerative conditions, or congenital abnormalities and may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, to restore joint stability.
Cerebrovascular disorders are a group of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain. These disorders can be caused by narrowing, blockage, or rupture of the blood vessels, leading to decreased blood flow and oxygen supply to the brain. The most common types of cerebrovascular disorders include:
1. Stroke: A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked or bursts, causing a lack of oxygen and nutrients to reach brain cells. This can lead to permanent damage or death of brain tissue.
2. Transient ischemic attack (TIA): Also known as a "mini-stroke," a TIA occurs when blood flow to the brain is temporarily blocked, often by a blood clot. Symptoms may last only a few minutes to a few hours and typically resolve on their own. However, a TIA is a serious warning sign that a full-blown stroke may occur in the future.
3. Aneurysm: An aneurysm is a weakened or bulging area in the wall of a blood vessel. If left untreated, an aneurysm can rupture and cause bleeding in the brain.
4. Arteriovenous malformation (AVM): An AVM is a tangled mass of abnormal blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. This can lead to bleeding in the brain or stroke.
5. Carotid stenosis: Carotid stenosis occurs when the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. This can increase the risk of stroke.
6. Vertebrobasilar insufficiency: This condition occurs when the vertebral and basilar arteries, which supply blood to the back of the brain, become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo, and difficulty swallowing.
Cerebrovascular disorders are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Risk factors for these conditions include age, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and family history. Treatment may involve medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of further complications.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Mitral valve prolapse
Alden S. Gooch
Mitral valve
Cilium
Heart click
Anorexia nervosa
Ariel David Soffer
Hypermobility (joints)
Angela Zhang
Supernumerary nipple
DCHS1
Brittany Murphy
Atrial septal defect
Systolic heart murmur
Palpitations
Mitral valve repair
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines
Handgrip maneuver
David B. Levine
Mitral regurgitation
MASS syndrome
Da Costa's syndrome
2007 Chicago Marathon
Pectus carinatum
DNA replication stress
Barlow's disease
Mitral annular disjunction
Heart murmur
Jerry Barber
Henriett Seth F.
Mitral valve prolapse - Wikipedia
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Regurgitation42
- Mitral Valve Prolapse murmur at mitral area Heart sounds of a 16-year-old girl diagnosed with mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation. (wikipedia.org)
- Mitral valve prolapse is frequently associated with mild mitral regurgitation, where blood aberrantly flows from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. (wikipedia.org)
- In the United States, MVP is the most common cause of severe, non-ischemic mitral regurgitation. (wikipedia.org)
- The degree of MVP regurgitation severeness is usually estimated in grading system: 0 (none or trivial) Grade 1 (mild) Grade 2 (moderate) Grade 3 (moderate to severe) Grade 4 (severe) People with mitral valve prolapse might have arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse which includes higher incidence of ventricular contraction disorders and tachycardia compared to the normal population, although the relationship between both phenomena is not entirely clear. (wikipedia.org)
- Prolapse of both mitral leaflets and the presence of mitral regurgitation further increases the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias during exertion, which may not be resolved with surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Severe mitral valve prolapse and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction is associated with arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation that can progress to cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD). (wikipedia.org)
- Mitral regurgitation (MR) develops in some patients with mitral valve prolapse, particularly those with more significant prolapse, when the valve edges fail to coapt. (medscape.com)
- This is called mitral regurgitation. (kidshealth.org)
- If the condition causes a lot of mitral regurgitation, doctors may prescribe blood pressure medicine to control how hard the heart muscle works. (kidshealth.org)
- Patients with MVP and documented absence of mitral regurgitation or valvular thickening likely do not need antibiotic prophylaxis against subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE). (umsystem.edu)
- Patients with MVP with documented mitral regurgitation, valvular thickening, or an unknown degree of valvular dysfunction may benefit from antibiotics during procedures that often lead to bacteremia (strength of recommendation: C). (umsystem.edu)
- No specific treatment is necessary unless significant mitral regurgitation is present. (msdmanuals.com)
- Rupture of a degenerate chorda can allow part of the valve leaflet to flail into the atrium, which typically causes severe regurgitation. (msdmanuals.com)
- Severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation is rare. (top-medical-schools.org)
- If the patient also suffers from mitral regurgitation, a systolic heart murmur can also be identified. (top-medical-schools.org)
- If mitral regurgitation is suspected, it can be diagnosed by Doppler echocardiography. (top-medical-schools.org)
- All patients had severe mitral regurgitation documented by intraoperative TEE. (northwestern.edu)
- No correlates of late mitral regurgitation were identified by multivariable analysis. (northwestern.edu)
- In the absence of significant anterior chordal pathology, a strategy of posterior leaflet resection and annuloplasty corrects anterior leaflet prolapse and mitral regurgitation, and provides a durable repair without the necessity of additional procedures on the anterior leaflet. (northwestern.edu)
- Mitral regurgitation is where some blood flows the wrong way in the heart because the mitral valve does not close properly. (www.nhs.uk)
- Mitral valve regurgitation does not always have symptoms. (www.nhs.uk)
- Mitral regurgitation happens if the mitral valve cannot close properly. (www.nhs.uk)
- Sometimes, MVP leads to a condition known as mitral regurgitation or mitral insufficiency. (healthplace.com)
- Mitral regurgitation can lead to the thickening or enlargement of the heart wall. (healthplace.com)
- Mitral regurgitation can usually be treated with medicines, and some people need surgery to repair or replace the defective valve. (healthplace.com)
- Mitral valve regurgitation, or mitral insufficiency, occurs when your mitral valve no longer closes tightly, causing blood to flow the wrong way. (upmc.com)
- Whether you need medicine or surgery for mitral valve regurgitation, we make sure you get the right care. (upmc.com)
- Mitral regurgitation (MR) occurs when the mitral valve doesn't close properly, and blood leaks back into the heart's left upper chamber. (upmc.com)
- This type of mitral regurgitation is degenerative regurgitation. (upmc.com)
- Changes in heart rhythm can occur when mitral regurgitation causes the upper left chamber to get larger. (upmc.com)
- Why choose UPMC's Center for Heart Valve Disease for mitral regurgitation care? (upmc.com)
- Tailor mitral valve regurgitation treatment plans to each person's needs. (upmc.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse is heritable and occurs frequently in the general population despite associations with mitral regurgitation and infective endocarditis, suggesting that selective advantages might be associated with mitral valve prolapse. (qxmd.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse is fairly common and is strongly associated with mitral regurgitation in the general population. (qxmd.com)
- In our ongoing family study, 2 during a mean follow-up of 4.5 years, complications due to mitral regurgitation occurred in 6 of 10 (60 percent) probands with mitral-valve prolapse whose initial left ventricular dimension was 60 mm or more, as. (elsevierpure.com)
- If there have been episodes of syncope, a family history of sudden death with MVP, significant valve regurgitation, or a history of blood clots, then strenuous sports activities should be avoided. (congenital.org)
- Complications during pregnancy are rare, though careful monitoring is recommended as mitral regurgitation could progress. (congenital.org)
- For many people, this is a mild condition without any symptoms or complications, but if the mitral valve regurgitation is severe, the condition may require treatment. (uchicagomedicine.org)
- The two most common valvular disorders in older adults are aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation. (dan.org)
- Objectives: This study hypothesized that left ventricular (LV) enlargement in Barlow disease can be explained by accounting for the total volume load that consists of transvalvular mitral regurgitation (MR) and the prolapse volume. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Thus, left atrial enlargement can result in mitral regurgitation by affecting the posterior leaflet. (medscape.com)
- Thus, annular dilatation of the mitral valve causes poor leaflet apposition, which results in mitral regurgitation. (medscape.com)
Leaflets19
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), the most common anomaly of the mitral valve apparatus, occurs when one or both mitral valve leaflets excessively billows into the left atrium toward the end of systole. (medscape.com)
- Mitral valves excised from patients with severe MR secondary to mitral valve prolapse have large leaflets and various histologic alterations. (medscape.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a heterogeneous disorder and may originate from various underlying causes affecting one or more portions of the mitral valve leaflets, chordae tendineae, papillary muscle, and/or valve annulus. (medscape.com)
- The mitral valve has two flaps (or "leaflets") of tissue that swing shut to prevent the blood in the ventricle from flowing backward into the left atrium. (kidshealth.org)
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a billowing of mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole. (msdmanuals.com)
- The chordae become longer and thinner and the valve leaflets enlarge and become rubbery. (msdmanuals.com)
- These changes result in floppy valve leaflets that can balloon back (prolapse) into the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts. (msdmanuals.com)
- MR) due to mitral valve prolapse may occur in patients with apparently normal mitral valve leaflets (ie, nonmyxomatous) due to ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction or rheumatic chordal rupture. (msdmanuals.com)
- When performing an echocardiography, the thickened valve leaflets are noticeable. (top-medical-schools.org)
- Barlow's syndrome was diagnosed by electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and chest X-ray.3 The mitral valve apparatus includes tow leaflets, chordae tendineae, anulus, left atrium, papillary muscles and left ventricular wall (Devereux et al. (bartleby.com)
- The mitral valve consists of two flaps called leaflets. (healthplace.com)
- Bicuspid aortic valve disease is a congenital disorder in which people are born only two aortic valve leaflets. (uchicagomedicine.org)
- Mitral valve prolapse develops when one of the leaflets that act as the seal for the mitral valve have extra tissue that protrudes into the upper left chamber as the heart contracts. (uchicagomedicine.org)
- Each valve consists of a set of flaps (also called "leaflets" or "cusps") that open and close to enable blood to flow in the correct direction. (dan.org)
- Background: Barlow disease is characterized by long prolapsing mitral leaflets that can harbor a significant amount of blood-the prolapse volume-at end-systole. (houstonmethodist.org)
- During ventricular systole, the mitral valve closes and prevents backflow to the LA. The normal function of the mitral valve depends on its 6 components, which are (1) the left atrial wall, (2) the annulus, (3) the leaflets, (4) the chordae tendineae, (5) the papillary muscles, and (6) the left ventricular wall (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- The mitral apparatus is composed of the left atrial wall, the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the papillary muscles, and the left ventricular wall. (medscape.com)
- The mitral annulus is a fibrous ring that connects with the leaflets. (medscape.com)
- [ 2 ] The annulus functions as a sphincter that contracts and reduces the surface area of the valve during systole to ensure complete closure of the leaflets. (medscape.com)
Congenital9
- Idiopathic mitral valve prolapse may be congenital in some patients, but recognition may be delayed until adolescence or adulthood. (medscape.com)
- A mitral valve prolapse syndrome is a congenital malformation of the heart in the mitral valve apparatus. (top-medical-schools.org)
- Other causes include hard deposits that form around the valve with age, or a problem with the heart from birth (congenital heart disease) . (www.nhs.uk)
- We offer personalized, lifelong care for adult patients with congenital heart disease, specializing in valve problems, heart failure, multidisciplinary surgery, arrhythmia and pregnancy. (massgeneral.org)
- The function of the valves may be compromised by either congenital or acquired abnormalities. (dan.org)
- Based on the 2008 American Dental Association guidelines, participants who reported that they had a heart transplant, an artificial heart valve, congenital heart disease (not including mitral valve prolapse), or ever had bacterial endocarditis were excluded from the periodontal examination. (cdc.gov)
- Any congenital or acquired disorder of individual components can disturb the finely coordinated mechanisms of the mitral valve and result in an incompetent valve. (medscape.com)
- The new guidelines significantly reduced the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis, recommending them only before major dental procedures in only very high-risk patients (patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, previous IE, congenital heart disease , and cardiac transplant recipients who develop a valvulopathy). (medscape.com)
- [ 4 ] If there has been an overall increase in cases of IE, it largely appears to be associated with staphylococci acquired through such risk factors as increases in injection drug use and the increased prevalence of prosthetic valves, pacemakers, defibrillators, and surgically repaired congenital heart disease, rather than an increase in dental microbes resulting from reduced antibiotic use. (medscape.com)
Echocardiography4
- The diagnosis of MVP depends upon echocardiography, which uses ultrasound to visualize the mitral valve. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with suspected mitral valve prolapse (MVP)should undergo echocardiography before any procedure that may place them at risk for bacteremia. (umsystem.edu)
- From 1993 to 1997, 93 patients with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated bileaflet prolapse and without anterior chordal rupture or important anterior chordal elongation had primary isolated mitral valve repair consisting only of posterior leaflet resection (quadrangular in 28 and sliding in 65) and annuloplasty (Cosgrove-Edwards in 83, pericardial in 9, and Carpentier-Edwards in 1). (northwestern.edu)
- A case of type 3 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with associated mitral valve prolapse, right bundle-branch block, and left anterior fascicular block was studied, including His bundle electrocardiography and echocardiography. (jamanetwork.com)
Insufficiency1
- MR, or mitral insufficiency, is one of the more common types of heart valve disorders. (upmc.com)
Patients with mitral6
- Besides the symptoms attributable to the MR, various neuroendocrine and autonomic disturbances occur in some patients with mitral valve prolapse. (medscape.com)
- When should patients with mitral valve prolapse get endocarditis prophylaxis? (umsystem.edu)
- November 21 issue) 1 that patients with mitral-valve prolapse whose echocardiographically determined left ventricular diastolic dimension was 60 mm or more were substantially more likely than patients with smaller ventricles to require mitral-valve replacement provides the first objective predictor of the most common complication of mitral-valve prolapse. (elsevierpure.com)
- The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of basic echocardiographic parameters, fibroblast growth factor-2 and free and peptide-bounding oxyproline indicators in young patients with mitral valve prolapse, type 1 diabetes mellitus and the combination of both indications. (umk.pl)
- In patients with mitral valve prolapse and ype 1 diabetes mellitus, the higher values of l left ventricular posterior wall thickness and intraventricular septum have been revealed in comparison with the groups of patients with monomorbid mitral valve prolapse and ype 1 diabetes mellitus. (umk.pl)
- Diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with mitral valve prolapse and ventricular arrhythmia. (umk.pl)
Flaps16
- Heart valves have flaps that open and close. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) happens when the flaps of the mitral valve become floppy and don't close tightly. (medlineplus.gov)
- In MVP, the valve flaps do not work properly. (epnet.com)
- In mitral valve prolapse, one or both flaps bulges back into the atrium when they shut, a bit like a balloon. (kidshealth.org)
- Sometimes, the flaps of the mitral valve make a sound when they close, like when you flick or snap a towel, called a "click. (kidshealth.org)
- If a child has mitral valve prolapse, the bulging valve flaps usually are seen when the heart beats. (kidshealth.org)
- The flaps of the valve are "floppy" and don't close tightly. (healthviber.com)
- Over time, it can cause the flaps of the mitral valve to become hard and thick. (www.nhs.uk)
- The mitral valve, found between the heart's left upper and lower chambers, has two flaps. (upmc.com)
- When the heart contracts, the mitral valve's two flaps open to let blood flow from the upper chamber to the lower one. (upmc.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse causes one or both of the valve's two flaps are stretch or get too large. (upmc.com)
- Over time, one of the flaps may rupture from its attachment to the heart muscle, leading to worse valve leakage. (upmc.com)
- Can lead to scarring of the flaps and cause the valve to leak. (upmc.com)
- Some people are born with damage to the flaps, causing the valve to work improperly. (upmc.com)
- People with conditions that can harm the valve or flaps or affect the valve's function are at higher risk. (upmc.com)
- A healthy aortic valve will have three flaps to seal the valve and regulate blood flow. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Term mitral2
- The term mitral valve prolapse syndrome is often used to refer to the collection of these manifestations. (medscape.com)
- The term mitral valve is due to the similarity of the flap with a miter, a bishop's miter. (top-medical-schools.org)
Endocarditis3
- Mitral valve prolapse may occur in the context of inflammatory disease such as rheumatic fever or endocarditis. (medscape.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse may be secondary to rupture or dysfunction of the papillary muscles following myocardial infarction or ischemia, rupture of chordae tendineae due to infective endocarditis, or abnormal left ventricular wall motion in the setting of myocardial ischemia and/or primary myocardial disease. (medscape.com)
- Kids who have mitral valve prolapse and a leaky valve have a small risk of a bacterial infection of the heart valve (infective endocarditis). (kidshealth.org)
Annular3
- Mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is partial detachment of the mitral annulus from the ventricular myocardium, allowing for hypermobility of the mitral valve. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lee AP, Jin CN, Fan Y, Wong RHL, Underwood MJ, Wan S. Functional implication of mitral annular disjunction in mitral valve prolapse: a quantitative dynamic 3D echocardiographic study. (umk.pl)
- Other changes with no certain causal relationship are regarded as potential minor cardiac embolic sources (e.g. atrial septal aneurysm, patent foramen ovale, mitral annular calcification, mitral valve prolapse, protruding atheroma of the aorta). (lu.se)
Arrhythmia2
- A child who has an arrhythmia along with mitral valve prolapse may need to take medicine to help regulate the heart's rhythm. (kidshealth.org)
- Aortic valve disease can lead to heart failure, arrhythmia, infections in the heart, and sudden death may occur in 15 to 20 percent of people who have symptoms. (sciencedaily.com)
Significant propor1
- However, in a significant proportion of patients, the mitral valve prolapse is trivial, and no such associated manifestations are present. (medscape.com)
Chordae tendineae1
- This is occasionally due to rupture of the chordae tendineae that support the mitral valve. (wikipedia.org)
Strongly associated with mitral1
- MAD is strongly associated with mitral valve prolapse and ventricular arrhythmias. (msdmanuals.com)
Myxomatous mitral valve2
- In the first biomarker discovery based on extracellular vesicles in a veterinary disease, researchers at Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University have discovered important biomarkers in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and congestive heart failure. (aaha.org)
- Dynamic phenotypes of degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease: quantitative 3-dimensional echocardiographic study. (umk.pl)
Condition known as mitral1
- This medical exhibit illustrates a cut-away view of the left ventricle and focuses on the condition known as mitral valve prolapse. (nucleushealth.com)
Symptoms10
- What are the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse (MVP)? (medlineplus.gov)
- People with mitral valve prolapse often do not have symptoms. (epnet.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse usually doesn't cause symptoms or affect everyday life. (kidshealth.org)
- Overview of Cardiac Valvular Disorders Any heart valve can become stenotic or insufficient (also termed regurgitant or incompetent), causing hemodynamic changes long before symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
- The symptoms that occur with a mitral valve prolapse syndrome are often very unspecific. (top-medical-schools.org)
- If there are no symptoms, a mitral valve prolapse syndrome can usually only be discovered by the doctor by chance. (top-medical-schools.org)
- Most people who have mitral valve prolapse (MVP) don't need treatment because they don't have symptoms and complications. (healthviber.com)
- Many people with a mitral valve prolapse do not have symptoms and it may only be spotted during a heart scan (echocardiogram) carried out for another reason. (www.nhs.uk)
- Mitral valve stenosis may not have any symptoms. (www.nhs.uk)
- The symptoms of valvular disorders vary depending on which valve is affected as well as on the type and severity of the change. (dan.org)
Syndrome12
- Mitral valve prolapse syndrome was recognized as early as 1916, when Sir James MacKenzie described the soldier's heart in spare, thin young men with great vasomotor instability, easy fatigability, breathlessness, and pain over the region of the heart. (medscape.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse sometimes happens with health conditions that involve the body's connective tissue (tissue that supports organs and other tissue), such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. (kidshealth.org)
- In the case of a mitral valve prolapse syndrome or mitral valve prolapse, the posterior mitral valve flap expands or balloons into the left atrium of the heart. (top-medical-schools.org)
- The first description of mitral valve prolapse syndrome was in 1963 by South African heart specialist John B. Barlow. (top-medical-schools.org)
- In principle, however, a mitral valve prolapse syndrome can occur at any age. (top-medical-schools.org)
- A mitral valve prolapse syndrome is caused by a connective tissue disorder. (top-medical-schools.org)
- In most cases, the course of a mitral valve prolapse syndrome is classified as positive. (top-medical-schools.org)
- The mitral valve prolapse syndrome primarily causes problems with the heart. (top-medical-schools.org)
- In most cases, it is no longer possible for the patient to carry out strenuous activities or sports due to the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. (top-medical-schools.org)
- Cabeen WR , Reza MJ , Kovick RB , Stern MS. Mitral Valve Prolapse and Conduction Defects in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. (jamanetwork.com)
- Barlow and Bosman) It was first called Barlow's Syndrome before being called mitral valve prolapse by Criley (Barlow and Bosman),(Criley et al. (bartleby.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) may also be referred to as "click-murmur syndrome" or "floppy-valve syndrome. (dan.org)
Chordal rupture3
- An extreme form of prolapse could include chordal rupture, in which the prolapsed mitral valve is flail. (medscape.com)
- In these patients, the posterior leaflet in the floppy valve tends to have a significantly longer basal free-edge length and more frequent chordal rupture compared with patients with postinflammatory disease. (medscape.com)
- This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a strategy of posterior leaflet resection and annuloplasty alone for patients with bileaflet prolapse and no anterior chordal rupture or severe anterior chordal elongation. (northwestern.edu)
Replace the mitral valve2
- Very few people will need surgery to repair or replace the mitral valve. (healthviber.com)
- Mitral valve replacement is surgery to replace the mitral valve with an artificial (prosthetic) valve. (bartleby.com)
Stenosis4
- Mitral valve stenosis is where the mitral valve does not open as wide as it should, restricting the flow of blood through the heart. (www.nhs.uk)
- One of the main causes of mitral valve stenosis is rheumatic heart disease . (www.nhs.uk)
- Mitral valve prolapse or mitral stenosis . (upmc.com)
- Want more amazing articles related to Aortic Valve Stenosis? (differencebetween.net)
Systole3
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a valvular heart disease characterized by the displacement of an abnormally thickened mitral valve leaflet into the left atrium during systole. (wikipedia.org)
- This allows the mitral valve to prolapse earlier in systole, leading to an earlier systolic click (i.e. closer to S1), and a longer murmur. (wikipedia.org)
- [ 6 ] During systole or mitral valve closure, the rough zone of the anterior leaflet will appose to the rough zone of the posterior leaflet. (medscape.com)
Prosthetic valves3
- Defective valves may be either repaired or replaced by prosthetic valves. (dan.org)
- [ 3 ] and appears to be more D-shaped, rather than circular as prosthetic valves are (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- A time/trend analysis showed that there was a slight overall increase in rates of IE during the 11 years studied, which was presumed to be related to the aging of the population as well as the increased use of prosthetic valves, pacemakers, and defibrillators during the time frame. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis1
- The establishment of the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse implemented by echocardiographic criteria L. Freed et al. (umk.pl)
Occur4
- Familial cases are known and occur in an autosomal dominant pattern with variable penetrance and expression (familial mitral valve prolapse). (medscape.com)
- Most cases of prolapse occur between the ages of 20 and 40. (top-medical-schools.org)
- Paravalvular leaks occur in patients who have undergone valve repairs or replacements. (uchicagomedicine.org)
- Damage to the valves can occur due to infection, rheumatic fever or aging. (dan.org)
Sudden cardi1
- The NIOSH investigator concluded that the FF's underlying mitral valve prolapse and/or left ventricular hypertrophy were responsible for his sudden cardiac death, possibly triggered by the physical stress of responding to the rescue call. (cdc.gov)
Leaflet prolapse1
- Methods: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was used to compare MR, prolapse volume, and heart chambers remodeling in patients with Barlow disease (bileaflet prolapse [BLP]) and in single leaflet prolapse (SLP). (houstonmethodist.org)
Occurs4
- Occasionally, however, a mitral valve prolapse also occurs following a heart attack. (top-medical-schools.org)
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) occurs when one of your heart's valves doesn't work properly. (healthviber.com)
- This occurs when you're born with excess leaflet tissue, known as a "floppy mitral valve. (upmc.com)
- It often occurs in people with pre-existing mitral valve prolapse. (upmc.com)
Apparatus2
- Can lead to a rupture of the valve apparatus. (upmc.com)
- Components of the mitral valve apparatus. (medscape.com)
Left ventricular1
- mitral valve prolapse, diabetes mellitus, fibroblast growth factor-2, free and peptide-bound oxyproline, cardiac valve degeneration, echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular hemodynemic. (umk.pl)
Posterior2
- Traditionally, bileaflet prolapse has been treated by posterior leaflet resection combined with one of a number of procedures designed to support the anterior leaflet. (northwestern.edu)
- The straight border of the annulus is posterior to the aortic valve. (medscape.com)
Tricuspid valve3
- Myxomatous degeneration less commonly affects the aortic or tricuspid valve, resulting in aortic or tricuspid prolapse. (msdmanuals.com)
- The four valves of the heart are the tricuspid valve, the pulmonic valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve. (bartleby.com)
- The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. (bartleby.com)
Valvular heart d2
- The results from the animal studies and now with the human valves demonstrate that valvular heart disease has an active biology which can be treated with medications similar to that of coronary artery disease. (sciencedaily.com)
- Dr. Rajamannan's research will be featured at the American College of Cardiology's 2006 Heart Valve Summit being held June 15-17 in Chicago, which will bring together several of the world's leading cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in the treatment of valvular heart disease. (sciencedaily.com)
Stethoscope4
- Recorded with the stethoscope over the mitral valve. (wikipedia.org)
- Although mid-systolic click (sound of prolapsing mitral leaflet) and systolic murmur have been noticed earlier with stethoscope in 1887 by physicians M. Cuffer and M. Barbillon. (wikipedia.org)
- Mitral valve prolapse can be heard through a stethoscope. (epnet.com)
- a heart murmur - detected when the heart is examined with a stethoscope - is often the first sign of valve damage. (dan.org)
Defects2
- There are many abnormalities or defects that can affect their operation and in this paper, I will discuss the most common one which is a "mitral valve prolapse. (bartleby.com)
- Many structural and heart valve defects are conditions that are present at birth. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Minimally invasive2
- Minimally invasive mitral valve replacement surgery. (bartleby.com)
- Small valve leaks may be able to be treated with medication, but larger, symptomatic valve leaks may require a minimally invasive transcatheter approach. (uchicagomedicine.org)
Leakage2
- When there's more than a little leakage (a "leaky valve"), the doctor may hear a whooshing sound as some blood moves backward into the left atrium. (kidshealth.org)
- Leakage from a mitral valve prolapse may go on for years. (kidshealth.org)
Benign2
- In these patients, mitral valve prolapse constitutes an essentially benign condition. (medscape.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common, usually benign heart disorder. (epnet.com)
Disease12
- Had rheumatic fever, a disease that can develop after a strep throat infection and cause damage to the heart valves. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most common valve disease in industrial countries (2.4% of pop. (wikem.org)
- You may need this procedure if your mitral valve is too damaged to repair, such as from rheumatic disease. (bartleby.com)
- At UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute's Center for Heart Valve Disease , we use the latest technology to diagnose and treat this. (upmc.com)
- UChicago Medicine's multidisciplinary team delivers the highest level of patient-centered care for structural and heart valve disease.Through constant collaboration and discussion, we create personal treatment plans designed to maximize overall outcomes and quality of life, including those with complex cases or high-risk patients. (uchicagomedicine.org)
- Patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease usually have an aortic valve repair or aortic valve replacement surgery to prevent further heart problems. (uchicagomedicine.org)
- Conclusions: The prolapse volume is part of the total volume load exerted on the LV during the cardiac cycle and could help explain the disproportionate LV enlargement relative to MR severity noted in Barlow disease. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Research to be published in the April 18 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology provides the first explanation of an active rather than passive process that leads to heart valve degeneration, furthering a Northwestern researcher's effort to lead a paradigm shift in the medical community's beliefs about the cause of valve disease. (sciencedaily.com)
- Heart valve disease leads to 100,000 surgeries in the U.S. each year to repair or replace damaged valves. (sciencedaily.com)
- Mitral valve disease is a leading cause of atrial fibrillation, which is a major culprit in strokes and heart failure. (sciencedaily.com)
- Dr. Rajamannan has focused her research for the past seven years on advancing the knowledge of mechanisms of aortic and mitral valve disease using animal models and human studies. (sciencedaily.com)
- In an early pioneering study, animals treated with statins had significantly less heart valve disease than the control animals that were not treated. (sciencedaily.com)
Pulmonary2
- The pulmonic valve is located between the pulmonary arteries and the right ventricle and is responsible for allowing blood flow from the heart to the lungs. (bartleby.com)
- The pulmonary valve, between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. (dan.org)
Anterior leaflet2
- Is anterior leaflet repair always necessary in repair of bileaflet mitral valve prolapse? (northwestern.edu)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Is anterior leaflet repair always necessary in repair of bileaflet mitral valve prolapse? (northwestern.edu)
Murmur5
- Mitral Valve Prolapse murmur at tricuspid area Her heart sounds while holding her breath. (wikipedia.org)
- Mitral Valve Prolapse murmur at tricuspid area after exercising Her heart sounds during recovery after running. (wikipedia.org)
- Upon auscultation of an individual with mitral valve prolapse, a mid-systolic click, followed by a late systolic murmur heard best at the apex, is common. (wikipedia.org)
- In contrast to most other heart murmurs, the murmur of mitral valve prolapse is accentuated by standing and Valsalva maneuver (earlier systolic click and longer murmur) and diminished with squatting (later systolic click and shorter murmur). (wikipedia.org)
- If blood flows backwards through the valve, your heart may also make a whooshing sound called a heart murmur. (medlineplus.gov)
Barlow1
- Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) was first characterized by Barlow and Bosman in the 1960s. (bartleby.com)
Heart's valves1
- It happens when there's a problem with how one of the heart's valves works. (kidshealth.org)
Aorta2
- The aortic valve is found between the aorta and the left ventricle and allows blood to flow to the aorta and throughout the body. (bartleby.com)
- The aortic valve, between the left ventricle and the aorta. (dan.org)
Prevalence1
- Prevalence and correlates of mitral valve prolapse in a population-based sample of American Indians: the Strong Heart Study. (qxmd.com)
Backflow4
- When there is a lot of mitral valve backflow, the heart can't push enough blood out to the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- Mitral valve prolapse with backflow is most common in men and people who have high blood pressure . (medlineplus.gov)
- Heart surgery to repair or replace a very abnormal mitral valve with backflow. (medlineplus.gov)
- The mitral valve is found between the left atrium and the left ventricle, which allow blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle preventing backflow of blood back into the left atrium. (bartleby.com)
Heart18
- The mitral valve is one of the four valves in your heart. (medlineplus.gov)
- The mitral valve controls blood flow between the upper and lower chambers on the left side of the heart. (epnet.com)
- Mitral valve prolapse is a common heart condition. (kidshealth.org)
- Heart valves keep blood moving through the heart. (kidshealth.org)
- Mitral valve prolapse is one of the most common heart valve changes in adults. (top-medical-schools.org)
- The mitral valve is located between the left ventricle and the left atrium of the heart. (top-medical-schools.org)
- When the ventricle contracts, the heart valve closes. (top-medical-schools.org)
- The mitral valve is a small flap in the heart that stops blood flowing the wrong way. (www.nhs.uk)
- Mitral valve prolapse is usually caused by problems with the tissues that join the mitral valve to the heart muscles. (www.nhs.uk)
- The flow of blood through the heart is controlled by four valves. (bartleby.com)
- We bring together specialists to evaluate, treat and provide long-term care for patients with heart valve conditions. (massgeneral.org)
- Without the third leaflet, the valve will not close properly and blood can leak backwards into the heart, which reduces blood flow to the rest of the body. (uchicagomedicine.org)
- Having healthy heart valves is essential if your heart is to properly pump and circulate blood throughout your body. (dan.org)
- Some people are born with structural anomalies in their heart valves or in the walls. (dan.org)
- The problem arises as a result of excess tissue and loose connective tissue in the heart's mitral valve, so that part of the valve protrudes down into the left ventricle during each contraction of the heart. (dan.org)
- A multivariable model that incorporated the prolapse volume explained left heart chamber enlargement better than a MR-based model, independent of prolapse category. (houstonmethodist.org)
- Dr. Rajamannan's laboratory was the first to treat animals with calcifications in heart valves with medications called statins, the same drugs that are currently used to treat high cholesterol. (sciencedaily.com)
- The human heart has 4 valves. (medscape.com)
Infection2
- Infection of the new valve. (bartleby.com)
- Bacteria enter the bloodstream - often from dental procedures or poor oral health - and attach to the valve, causing an infection. (upmc.com)