Infections with viruses of the genus MORBILLIVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. Infections mainly cause acute disease in their hosts, although in some cases infection is persistent and leads to degenerative conditions.
A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where the virions of most members have hemagglutinin but not neuraminidase activity. All members produce both cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies. MEASLES VIRUS is the type species.
Mammals of the families Delphinidae (ocean dolphins), Iniidae, Lipotidae, Pontoporiidae, and Platanistidae (all river dolphins). Among the most well-known species are the BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHIN and the KILLER WHALE (a dolphin). The common name dolphin is applied to small cetaceans having a beaklike snout and a slender, streamlined body, whereas PORPOISES are small cetaceans with a blunt snout and rather stocky body. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, pp978-9)
A name for several highly contagious viral diseases of animals, especially canine distemper. In dogs, it is caused by the canine distemper virus (DISTEMPER VIRUS, CANINE). It is characterized by a diphasic fever, leukopenia, gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammation and sometimes, neurologic complications. In cats it is known as FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA.
A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing distemper in dogs, wolves, foxes, raccoons, and ferrets. Pinnipeds have also been known to contract Canine distemper virus from contact with domestic dogs.
A family of spherical viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include PARAMYXOVIRINAE and PNEUMOVIRINAE.
A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing cattle plague, a disease with high mortality. Sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals of the order Artiodactyla can also be infected.
A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing distemper in seals.
*Medically unexceptional, the Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental body of water that separates Southern Europe from Northern Africa and the Middle East, infamous for historical epidemics like plague, which have significantly shaped human health history.*
A genus comprised of spinner, spotted, and striped DOLPHINS, in the family Delphinidae. Schools of Stenella, that may number in the thousands, often associate with schools of TUNA, and are thus vulnerable to accidental harvesting.
A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing a severe, often fatal enteritis and pneumonia (PESTE-DES-PETITS-RUMINANTS) in sheep and goats.
The family Phocidae, suborder PINNIPEDIA, order CARNIVORA, comprising the true seals. They lack external ears and are unable to use their hind flippers to walk. It includes over 18 species including the harp seal, probably the best known seal species in the world.
A genus in the family of EARLESS SEALS (Phocidae) and collectively the most abundant PINNIPEDS in the Northern Hemisphere.
Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.
A viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by MORBILLIVIRUS. It may be acute, subacute, or chronic with the major lesions characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the entire digestive tract. The disease was declared successfully eradicated worldwide in 2010.

Non-purulent meningoencephalomyelitis of a Pacific striped dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). The first evidence of morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the Pacific Ocean around Japan. (1/26)

On March 22, 1998, a mature, male, hyposthenic Pacific striped dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was stranded at Aoshima Beach in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. A necropsy performed 14 hr after death revealed mild diffuse congestion and edema of the leptomeninges and mild pulmonary atelectasis. Histopathologically, non-purulent inflammatory were observed throughout the cerebrum, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. Hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed no viral inclusion bodies. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against nucleoprotein of canine distemper virus (CDV-NP) revealed a number of CDV-NP-positive granular deposits in the cytoplasm and cell processes of the degenerating or intact neurons. The present paper is a first report of spontaneously occurred morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the Pacific Ocean around Japan.  (+info)

Dermatitis with invasive ciliated protozoa in dolphins that died during the 1987-1988 Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin morbilliviral epizootic. (2/26)

Dermatitis with intradermal cilated protozoa was identified in 18 of 95 (19%) Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that died during the 1987-1988 Atlantic-dolphin morbillivirus epizootic. The lesions were characterized by focally extensive suppurative and histiocytic dermatitis and cellulitis with ulceration and variable numbers of dermal and hypodermal ciliates. Vasculitis, thrombosis, and/or intravascular ciliates were rarely present. In one dolphin, there was an associated lymphadenitis with ciliates, and in another, bronchopneumonia with rare intrabronchiolar ciliates. Ten of the dolphins were female, and eight were male. The animals ranged in length from 148 to 260 cm. Eleven were from Virginia, four were from New Jersey, and three were from Florida. In 13 dolphins, results of immunohistochemical and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were positive for morbillivirus infection. Results of immunohistochemical tests were negative in four dolphins that were not also tested with PCR. Results were also negative in one dolphin tested using both methods. Nine dolphins had concomitant bacterial, fungal, and/or other protozoal infections. Fourteen other dolphins with ciliate-associated dermatitis were identified from 414 Atlantic bottlenose dolphin cases (3%) archived at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The incidence of dermatitis with invasive ciliates is much greater in dolphins that died during the 1987-1988 epizootic.  (+info)

A review of virus infections of cataceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics. (3/26)

Viruses belonging to 9 families have been detected in cetaceans. We critically review the clinical features, pathology and epidemiology of the diseases they cause. Cetacean morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae) induces a serious disease with a high mortality rate and persists in several populations. It may have long-term effects on the dynamics of cetacean populations either as enzootic infection or recurrent epizootics. The latter presumably have the more profound impact due to removal of sexually mature individuals. Members of the family Poxviridae infect several species of odontocetes, resulting in ring and tattoo skin lesions. Although poxviruses apparently do not induce a high mortality, circumstancial evidence suggests they may be lethal in young animals lacking protective immunity, and thus may negatively affect net recruitment. Papillomaviruses (family Papovaviridae) cause genital warts in at least 3 species of cetaceans. In 10% of male Burmeister's porpoises Phocoena spinipinnis from Peru, lesions were sufficiently severe to at least hamper, if not impede, copulation. Members of the families Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Rhabdoviridae were demonstrated in cetaceans suffering serious illnesses, but with the exception of a 'porpoise herpesvirus' their causative role is still tentative. Herpes-like viruses and caliciviruses (Caliciviridae) give rise to cutaneous diseases in Monodontidae and Delphinidae. Antibodies to several serotypes of caliciviruses were found in odontocetes and mysticetes. An unrecognized Hepadnaviridae was detected by serology in a captive Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens with chronic persistent hepatitis. Adenoviruses (Adenoviridae) were isolated from the intestinal tracts of mysticeti and a beluga Delphinapterus leucas but were not associated with any pathologies. We discuss the potential impact of Paramyxoviridae, Poxviridae and Papovaviridae on the dynamics of several odontocete populations.  (+info)

Molecular genetic evidence of a novel morbillivirus in a long-finned pilot whale (Globicephalus melas). (4/26)

A long-finned pilot whale with morbilliviral disease was stranded in New Jersey. An immunohistochemical stain demonstrated morbilliviral antigen. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for morbillivirus P and N genes was positive. Novel sequences most closely related to, but distinct from, those of dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses suggest that this virus may represent a third member of the cetacean morbillivirus group.  (+info)

Identification of a cytotoxic T-cell epitope on the recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of Rinderpest and Peste des petits ruminants viruses presented as assembled nucleocapsids. (5/26)

The nucleocapsid protein (N) of morbilliviruses is not only a major structural protein but also the most abundant protein made in infected cells. We overexpressed the N proteins of Rinderpest virus and Peste des petits ruminants virus in E. coli, which assemble into nucleocapsids in the absence of viral RNA that resemble nucleocapsids made in the virus-infected cells. Employing these assembled structures resembling subviral particles, we studied the induction of both the antibody response and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in a murine model (BALB/c). A single dose of the purified recombinant nucleocapsids of both viruses in the absence of an adjuvant induces a strong CTL response. The CTLs generated are antigen specific and cross-reactive with respect to each virus and, furthermore, this CTL response is MHC class I restricted. Based on the prediction for H-2(d)-restricted T-cell motifs we tested the lysis of transfected P815 (H-2(d)) cells expressing a nine amino acid potential CTL epitope, by splenic T cells in vitro restimulated with bacterially expressed RPV or PPRV N proteins. We extended our study to the bovine system both to analyze the immunogenicity of these recombinant proteins in the natural hosts and to show that PBMC from cattle vaccinated with Rinderpest vaccine proliferate in vitro, in response to restimulation with soluble nucleocapsid proteins. Furthermore, the murine CTL epitope functions in the bovine system as a cytotoxic T-cell epitope. This sequence, which is conserved in the N proteins of morbilliviruses, conforms well to the predicted algorithm for some of the most common BoLA CTL antigenic peptides.  (+info)

Monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of morbillivirus antibody in marine mammal sera. (6/26)

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), using two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), was developed and compared with the standard virus neutralization test (VNT) for detecting antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus (PDV) in sera from dogs and various species of marine mammals. The test depends on the blocking of MAb binding to solid-phase antigen in the presence of positive serum. Test conditions were optimized by using control VNT-negative and -positive sera specific for CDV and PDV. A positive cutoff value of 30% inhibition, which represents the mean cutoff of a VNT-negative population (n = 623) plus 2 standard deviations, was adopted for the test. A total of 736 serum samples were tested by the new cELISA and by the VNT as the "gold standard." An unexpected but useful finding was the ability of this CDV- and PDV-specific cELISA to also detect antibodies against the related pair dolphin morbillivirus and porpoise morbillivirus. Based on a subpopulation of 625 sera used in statistical analyses, the overall sensitivity and specificity of cELISA relative to those of the VNT were 94.9 and 97.7%, respectively. Because the cELISA proved to be nearly as sensitive and specific as the VNT while being simpler and more rapid, it would be an adequate screening test for suspect CDV or PDV cases and would also be useful for epidemiological surveillance of morbilliviral infections in marine mammal populations.  (+info)

Pathogenesis of two strains of lion (Panthera leo) morbillivirus in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). (7/26)

Canine distemper virus (CDV) was previously considered to have a host range restricted to the canid family. In 1994, the virus was associated with sporadic outbreaks of distemper in captive felids. However, after severe mortality occurred in the Serengeti lions (Panthera leo), attention became focused on the pathogenesis of the virus and a concerted effort was made to identify the virus as CDV or a closely related feline morbillivirus. The present study was designed to explore the susceptibility of ferrets to challenge with two morbilliviruses isolated from lions and the protective effects of a modified-live mink distemper vaccine. Because mortality in ferrets infected with pathogenic CDV approaches 100%, the ferret was selected as a test animal. Two strains of lion morbillivirus were used as a challenge, A92-27/20 (California lion isolate) and A94-11/13 (Serengeti lion isolate). The two strains of lion morbillivirus were antigenically related to CDV (Rockborn strain), and ferrets were susceptible to both of the viruses when inoculated intraperitoneally. The inoculated ferrets were anorectic at 5-6 days postinoculation (PI), exhibited oculonasal discharge at 9-12 days PI, and became moribund at 12-22 days PI. Severe bilateral conjunctivitis was the typical clinical sign. Inclusion bodies characteristic of morbillivirus (eosinophilic, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic) were distributed in many epithelial cells, including those of the skin, conjunctiva, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, trachea, lung, urinary bladder, and kidney. Virus was reisolated from selected lung tissues collected at necropsy and identified by CDV-specific immunofluorescence. Ferrets vaccinated with the mink distemper vaccine (Onderstepoort strain) were protected from challenge with the two lion strains, adding further support to the premise that the viruses are closely related to CDV.  (+info)

Catastrophes after crossing species barriers. (8/26)

Probably the most tragic examples of virus infections that have caused the deaths of many millions of people in the past century were the influenza and AIDS pandemics. These events occurred as a direct result of the introduction of animal viruses into the human population. Similarly, mass mortalities among aquatic and terrestrial mammals were caused by the introduction of viruses into species in which they had not previously been present. It seems paradoxical that at a time when we have managed to control or even eradicate major human virus infections like polio and smallpox we are increasingly confronted with new or newly emerging virus infections of humans and animals. A complex mix of social, technological and ecological changes, and the ability of certain viruses to adapt rapidly to a changing environment, seems to be at the basis of this phenomenon. Extensive diagnostic and surveillance networks, as well as novel vaccine- and antiviral development strategies should provide us with the safeguards to limit its impact.  (+info)

Morbillivirus infections refer to a group of viral illnesses caused by members of the Morbillivirus genus, which is part of the Paramyxoviridae family. The most well-known morbillivirus infection is measles, a highly contagious disease that primarily affects humans. Other examples of morbillivirus infections include:

1. Canine distemper: A viral illness that affects dogs and other animals such as raccoons, ferrets, and skunks. It can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
2. Phocine distemper: A viral disease primarily affecting seals, particularly the harbor seal population in Europe. It can lead to severe respiratory and neurological issues.
3. Rinderpest: A highly contagious and fatal disease that affects cattle, buffalo, and other even-toed ungulates (hoofed mammals). This disease has been eradicated globally through vaccination programs.
4. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): Also known as sheep and goat plague, this morbillivirus infection affects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It can cause severe respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive symptoms.
5. Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infections: These affect various species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises, causing respiratory, neurological, and immunological issues.

Morbillivirus infections are typically spread through direct contact with infected individuals or their bodily fluids. Vaccination programs have been successful in controlling and eradicating some of these diseases, such as rinderpest and measles.

Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. It includes several important human and animal pathogens that cause diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. The most well-known member of this genus is Measles virus (MV), which causes measles in humans, a highly contagious disease characterized by fever, rash, cough, and conjunctivitis.

Other important Morbilliviruses include:

* Rinderpest virus (RPV): This virus caused rinderpest, a severe disease in cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals, which was eradicated in 2011 through a global vaccination campaign.
* Canine Distemper Virus (CDV): A pathogen that affects dogs, wild canids, and several other mammalian species, causing a systemic disease with respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
* Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV) and Porpoise Morbillivirus (PMV): These viruses affect marine mammals, such as seals and porpoises, causing mass mortality events in their populations.

Morbilliviruses are enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a genome size of approximately 15-16 kilobases. They have a pleomorphic shape and can vary in diameter from 150 to 750 nanometers. The viral envelope contains two glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin (H) protein, which mediates attachment to host cells, and the fusion (F) protein, which facilitates membrane fusion and viral entry.

Transmission of Morbilliviruses typically occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals or animals. The viruses can cause acute infections with high fatality rates, particularly in naïve populations that lack immunity due to insufficient vaccination coverage or the absence of previous exposure.

In summary, Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae that includes several important human and animal pathogens causing acute respiratory infections with high fatality rates. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact, and vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing outbreaks and controlling disease spread.

"Dolphins" is a common name that refers to several species of marine mammals belonging to the family Delphinidae, within the larger group Cetacea. Dolphins are known for their intelligence, social behavior, and acrobatic displays. They are generally characterized by a streamlined body, a prominent dorsal fin, and a distinctive "smiling" expression created by the curvature of their mouths.

Although "dolphins" is sometimes used to refer to all members of the Delphinidae family, it is important to note that there are several other families within the Cetacea order, including porpoises and whales. Therefore, not all small cetaceans are dolphins.

Some examples of dolphin species include:

1. Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) - This is the most well-known and studied dolphin species, often featured in aquariums and marine parks. They have a robust body and a prominent, curved dorsal fin.
2. Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) - These dolphins are characterized by their hourglass-shaped color pattern and distinct, falcate dorsal fins. There are two subspecies: the short-beaked common dolphin and the long-beaked common dolphin.
3. Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris) - Known for their acrobatic behavior, spinner dolphins have a slender body and a long, thin beak. They are named for their spinning jumps out of the water.
4. Risso's Dolphin (Grampus griseus) - These dolphins have a unique appearance, with a robust body, a prominent dorsal fin, and a distinctive, scarred skin pattern caused by social interactions and encounters with squid, their primary food source.
5. Orca (Orcinus orca) - Also known as the killer whale, orcas are the largest dolphin species and are highly intelligent and social predators. They have a distinctive black-and-white color pattern and a prominent dorsal fin.

In medical terminology, "dolphins" do not have a specific relevance, but they can be used in various contexts such as therapy, research, or education. For instance, dolphin-assisted therapy is an alternative treatment that involves interactions between patients and dolphins to improve psychological and physical well-being. Additionally, marine biologists and researchers study dolphin behavior, communication, and cognition to understand their complex social structures and intelligence better.

Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects dogs, but can also infect other animals such as cats, ferrets, and raccoons. It is caused by a paramyxovirus and is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.

The respiratory symptoms of distemper include coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge. Gastrointestinal symptoms may include vomiting and diarrhea. Neurological symptoms can include seizures, twitching, and paralysis. Distemper is often fatal, especially in puppies and young dogs that have not been vaccinated.

The virus is spread through direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, such as saliva and urine. It can also be spread through the air, making it highly contagious in areas where large numbers of unvaccinated animals are housed together, such as animal shelters and kennels.

Prevention is key in protecting against distemper, and vaccination is recommended for all dogs. Puppies should receive their first distemper vaccine at six to eight weeks of age, followed by booster shots every three to four weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult dogs should receive a distemper booster shot every one to three years, depending on their risk of exposure.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and causes a contagious and serious disease in dogs and other animals. The virus primarily affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems of infected animals.

The symptoms of canine distemper can vary widely depending on the age and immune status of the animal, as well as the strain of the virus. Initial signs may include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and discharge from the eyes and nose. As the disease progresses, affected animals may develop vomiting, diarrhea, pneumonia, and neurological symptoms such as seizures, muscle twitching, and paralysis.

Canine distemper is highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with infected animals or their respiratory secretions. The virus can also be transmitted through contaminated objects such as food bowls, water dishes, and bedding.

Prevention of canine distemper is achieved through vaccination, which is recommended for all dogs as a core vaccine. It is important to keep dogs up-to-date on their vaccinations and to avoid contact with unfamiliar or unvaccinated animals. There is no specific treatment for canine distemper, and therapy is generally supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Paramyxoviridae is a family of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that include several medically important pathogens. These viruses are characterized by their enveloped particles and helical symmetry. The paramyxoviruses can cause respiratory infections, neurological disorders, and other systemic diseases in humans, animals, and birds.

Some notable members of the Paramyxoviridae family include:

* Human respirovirus (also known as human parainfluenza virus): causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults.
* Human orthopneumovirus (also known as respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV): a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children.
* Measles morbillivirus: causes measles, a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, rash, and cough.
* Mumps virus: causes mumps, an acute infectious disease that primarily affects the salivary glands.
* Hendra virus and Nipah virus: zoonotic paramyxoviruses that can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans and animals.

Effective vaccines are available for some paramyxoviruses, such as measles and mumps, but there are currently no approved vaccines for others, such as RSV and Nipah virus. Antiviral therapies are also limited, with only a few options available for the treatment of severe paramyxovirus infections.

Rinderpest virus (RPV) is a species in the genus Morbillivirus and family Paramyxoviridae. It is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes the highly contagious and often fatal disease called rinderpest in cattle, buffalo, and other even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), including sheep, goats, and members of the deer family.

Historically, rinderpest has had devastating effects on livestock populations and has significantly impacted agricultural economies worldwide. The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions and excretions. It mainly affects the respiratory and digestive systems of the host, causing symptoms such as fever, mouth sores, diarrhea, and severe weight loss.

Rinderpest was declared eradicated by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 2011, following a global effort to vaccinate animals and control the spread of the virus. It is one of only two viral diseases (the other being smallpox) that have been successfully eradicated through human intervention.

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a viral pathogen that primarily affects marine mammals, particularly seals. It belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Morbillivirus, which also includes measles virus and canine distemper virus. PDV is responsible for causing an infectious disease known as phocine distemper, which is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms. The virus is highly contagious and can lead to mass mortality events in seal populations. It is not known to infect or cause disease in humans.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Mediterranean Sea" is a geographical term referring to the body of water located between Europe and Africa, and it is not a medical term. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar in the west and to the Red Sea through the Suez Canal in the east. The Mediterranean Sea is known for its unique climate and biodiversity. If you have any questions related to medical or health topics, I would be happy to try to help with those!

"Stenella" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a genus of dolphins, which includes several species such as the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), the Clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene), and the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata). These dolphins are known for their acrobatic behaviors, such as leaping and bow riding. If you have any other questions or need information on a medical topic, I'd be happy to help!

Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) virus is a negative-stranded, enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. It is the causative agent of Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR), also known as sheep and goat plague, which is a highly contagious disease affecting small ruminants such as sheep and goats. The virus is closely related to the rinderpest virus, which was declared eradicated in 2011.

The PPR virus primarily targets the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems of infected animals, causing symptoms such as fever, nasal discharge, coughing, diarrhea, and mouth ulcers. The disease can be severe and often results in high mortality rates, particularly in young animals.

PPR is a significant threat to food security and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia. Vaccination programs have been implemented to control the spread of the virus and reduce its impact on susceptible populations.

Earless seals, also known as true seals or Phocidae, are a family of marine mammals that lack external ears. They have a streamlined body adapted for fast swimming, and their hind limbs are modified into flippers, which they use to move through the water. Earless seals have small ear holes on the sides of their heads, but they do not have an outer ear flap like other mammals. Instead, their middle and inner ears are well-developed for hearing underwater. They are found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and there are 18 species of earless seals, including the harbor seal, gray seal, and leopard seal.

"Phoca" is not a term commonly used in medical terminology. It is actually a genus of seals, also known as "true seals." The Phocidae family includes several species such as the harbor seal, gray seal, and hooded seal. If you have mistaken "Phoca" for a medical term, I would be happy to help you find the definition of the correct term.

A ferret is a domesticated mammal that belongs to the weasel family, Mustelidae. The scientific name for the common ferret is Mustela putorius furo. Ferrets are native to Europe and have been kept as pets for thousands of years due to their playful and curious nature. They are small animals, typically measuring between 13-20 inches in length, including their tail, and weighing between 1.5-4 pounds.

Ferrets have a slender body with short legs, a long neck, and a pointed snout. They have a thick coat of fur that can vary in color from white to black, with many different patterns in between. Ferrets are known for their high level of activity and intelligence, and they require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and happy.

Ferrets are obligate carnivores, which means that they require a diet that is high in protein and low in carbohydrates. They have a unique digestive system that allows them to absorb nutrients efficiently from their food, but it also means that they are prone to certain health problems if they do not receive proper nutrition.

Ferrets are social animals and typically live in groups. They communicate with each other using a variety of vocalizations, including barks, chirps, and purrs. Ferrets can be trained to use a litter box and can learn to perform simple tricks. With proper care and attention, ferrets can make loving and entertaining pets.

Rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects cattle and buffalo, although it can also infect other species such as sheep, goats, and deer. The virus responsible for rinderpest is a member of the Morbillivirus genus, which includes measles in humans and canine distemper in dogs.

The term "Rinderpest" comes from the German word "Rind," meaning cattle, and "Pest," meaning plague or pestilence. Historically, rinderpest has had devastating effects on livestock populations, causing significant economic losses and threatening food security in many parts of the world.

The disease is characterized by fever, oral lesions, diarrhea, and rapid weight loss, often leading to death within a week of infection. Transmission typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions, such as nasal discharge, saliva, or feces. The virus can also be spread via contaminated feed, water, and fomites (inanimate objects).

In 2011, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations declared rinderpest eradicated, making it the first viral disease to be eliminated through human efforts. This achievement was largely due to extensive vaccination campaigns, improved surveillance, and strict quarantine measures. However, maintaining vigilance against potential re-emergence remains crucial, as the virus still exists in some laboratory collections.

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"First report of a canine morbillivirus infection in a giant anteater ( Myrmecophaga tridactyla ) in Brazil". Veterinary ... reservoirs: a review and a newly described natural infection of Leishmania mexicana in the northern anteater". Parasitology ... SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) Kept Under Clinical Care in Brazil". EcoHealth. 19 (4): 458- ... and canine distemper-causing Morbillivirus, contracting the last disease from a maned wolf in captivity. Anteaters, like other ...
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In other animals as well, morbillivirus is connected to acute febrile respiratory tract infection. It is also hypothesized that ... Morbillivirus. Species: Feline Morbillivirus The genus morbillivirus is fairly well known among various wild and domesticated ... Morbilliviruses have a 3' leader sequence and a 5' trailer sequence typically made up of 40 or 41 nt. Feline morbillivirus, ... Feline morbillivirus comes from the genus Morbillivirus, specifically influencing wild and domestic cats. The first report of a ...
Small-Molecule Polymerase Inhibitor Shows Efficacy Against a Lethal Morbillivirus Infection in a Large Animal Model". Science ... ERDRP-0519 is an antiviral drug which is the first drug specifically developed to target the measles morbillivirus. It acts as ... and protected ferrets from otherwise lethal doses of a morbillivirus when administered up to three days after infection. The ... Grush, Loren (2015-03-24). "New oral drug can stop measles infection before symptoms begin". Fox News. Retrieved 2020-11-18. v ...
April 2014). "An orally available, small-molecule polymerase inhibitor shows efficacy against a lethal morbillivirus infection ... Antibiotics should be prescribed if secondary bacterial infections such as ear infections or pneumonia occur. Vitamin A ... Most of those who die from the infection are less than five years old. The measles vaccine is effective at preventing the ... Gupta P, Menon PS, Ramji S, Lodha R, Rakesh (2015). PG Textbook of Pediatrics: Volume 2: Infections and Systemic Disorders. JP ...
... they include acute febrile respiratory tract infection. In 2013, a wave of increased death among the Common bottlenose dolphin ... Wikispecies has information related to Morbillivirus. ICTV Report: Paramyxoviridae Viralzone: Morbillivirus Virus Pathogen ... Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, in the family Paramyxoviridae. Humans, dogs, cats, cattle, ... population was attributed to morbillivirus. Morbillivirions are enveloped, with spherical geometries. Their diameter is around ...
Common infections that spread by airborne transmission include SARS-CoV-2; measles morbillivirus, chickenpox virus; ... Airborne infections usually land in the respiratory system, with the agent present in aerosols (infectious particles < 5 µm in ... Preferential airborne infections, such as chicken pox, can be obtained through different routes, but mainly by aerosols. ... Obligate airborne infections spread only through aerosols; the most common example of this category is tuberculosis. ...
Pollutants have been posited as contributors by interfering with the ability of animals to mount a defense against infection. ... Phocine morbillivirus, formerly phocine distemper virus (PDV), is a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus that is pathogenic ... "ICTV Taxonomy history: Phocine morbillivirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 15 January 2019 ...
The infection of epithelial cells allows the virus to be released via the airstream. "ICTV Taxonomy history: Measles ... Measles morbillivirus (MeV), also called measles virus (MV), is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped, non-segmented RNA ... In the later stages of infection, the virus infects other immune cell types, including B cells and T lymphocytes also via ... In the early stages of infection, the measles virus via CD150 (SLAMF1) receptor infects immune cells located in the host ...
Morbillivirus, Haemophilus influenzae and Pneumococci respectively. The spread of respiratory infections is exacerbated by ... and duration of infections (including measles, pneumonia, and diarrhea). Infection can further contribute to malnutrition. ... Infections of the respiratory tract and middle ear are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Some respiratory ... Infections caused by resistant microbes are more difficult to treat, requiring higher doses of antimicrobial drugs, more ...
A review of the infection control literature". American Journal of Infection Control. 33 (2): 114-121. doi:10.1016/j.ajic. ... measles morbillivirus; and coronaviruses such as SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1) and SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Bacterial ... Wells, W. F. (1934). "On air-borne infection: study II. Droplets and droplet nuclei". American Journal of Epidemiology. 20 (3 ... "Prevention of hospital-acquired infections" (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO). p. 45. Archived from the original (PDF) on ...
From samples taken from washed up dolphins a veterinary pathologist at the AFIP suspected a viral infection. In 1991 Albert ... as is the case with influenza or morbilliviruses - you first have to copy it back into a sense DNA strand). Fearing government ... Taubenberger's team searched for samples of victims who had succumbed to the initial viral infection and not the subsequent ... Using this method molecular biologist Amy Krafft eventually managed to isolate fragments of morbillivirus RNA. Here, the team ...
... s in North America are sometimes infected by a Morbillivirus similar to the canine distemper virus. They are susceptible to ... and the nematode Trichinella nativa can cause a serious infection and decline in older polar bears. ...
By May 1896 the vast Clober farm had become a focus of infection with immediate slaughter policies in place. Three river ... Rinderpest virus (RPV), a member of the genus Morbillivirus, is closely related to the measles and canine distemper viruses. ... For the period of 1777 to 1781, 89% of inoculated animals survived, compared to a 29% survival rate after natural infection. In ... Cattle herds are no longer immunized against RPV, so are susceptible to infection. Rinderpest was also considered as a ...
... henipavirus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.500 - morbillivirus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.500.285 - distemper MeSH ... cardiovirus infections MeSH C02.782.687.207 - common cold MeSH C02.782.687.359 - enterovirus infections MeSH C02.782.687.359. ... deltaretrovirus infections MeSH C02.782.815.200.260 - enzootic bovine leukosis MeSH C02.782.815.200.470 - htlv-i infections ... respiratory syncytial virus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.680 - rubulavirus infections MeSH C02.782.580.600.680.500 - mumps ...
... can be caused by several factors: Bacterial infections (e.g. Clostridium septicum, C. perfringens (type A), C. ... sordellii, and Sarcina spp.) Viruses like Rinderpest morbillivirus or Pestivirus can also cause an inflammation of the mucosa, ...
Morbillivirus was being investigated as a potential cause, but it did not appear to be a likely candidate. Other possibilities ... Necropsies showed that the animals' immune systems had been suppressed, allowing opportunistic bacterial infections to take ...
Infections like poliomyelitis and smallpox, which exist exclusively within a human reservoir, are sometimes known as ... Morbillivirus (measles) is transmitted from an infected human host to a susceptible host as they are transmitted by respiration ... The great diversity of infectious pathogens, their possible hosts, and the ways in which their hosts respond to infection has ... Symptomatic persons who are aware of their illness are not as likely to transmit infection because they take precautions to ...
Morbillivirus antigen was also detected in multiple tissues, including lung, lymph nodes, spleen, brain, pancreas, liver, and ... Another study in 2000 using 18 Caspian seal corpses found several concurrent bacterial infections that could have contributed ... Sequences from the examination showed that canine distemper virus, which is part of the genus Morbillivirus, was the primary ... Tissues from 12 carcasses found in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan were examined for morbillivirus nucleic acid. ...
Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) can be divided into six strains in cetaceans throughout the world, causing widespread mortality ... CeVM causes immunosuppression, increasing risk to secondary infection following acute resolution of clinical signs. ... Cetacean morbillivirus: current knowledge and future directions. Viruses. 2014;6(12):5145-5181. Published 2014 Dec 22. doi: ... 37 dolphins stranded off the Spanish Mediterranean coast were suffering from dolphin morbillivirus (DMV). The causes of these ...
The time between infection and disease is 14 to 18 days, although a fever can appear from 3 to 6 days after infection. The ... "ICTV Taxonomy history: Canine morbillivirus". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 15 January 2019 ... The viral infection can be accompanied by secondary bacterial infections and can eventually present serious neurological ... infection in large felids. Both large and domestic cats are now known to be capable of infection, usually through close housing ...
The respirovirus-henipavirus-morbillivirus clade may be basal to the avulavirus-rubulavirus clade. Animal virology Virology " ... Diseases associated with this family include measles, mumps, and respiratory tract infections. The family has four subfamilies ... Proteins are designated H (hemagglutinin) for morbilliviruses as they possess haemagglutination activity, observed as an ... cetacean morbillivirus (dolphins and porpoises), Newcastle disease virus (birds), and rinderpest virus (cattle). Some ...
... chronic persistent infection, whereas BVD is an acute infection. Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an ... These include canine distemper virus (dogs), phocine distemper virus (seals), cetacean morbillivirus (dolphins and porpoises) ... ASFV is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa and exists in the wild through a cycle of infection between ticks and wild pigs, bushpigs ... Some strains can cause death of animals within as little as a week after infection. In other species, the virus causes no ...
... rinderpest morbillivirus, measles morbillivirus, and canine morbillivirus (previously known as canine distemper virus). The ... or if the infection is new or chronic. They also vary according to the breed of sheep. However, fever in addition to either ... It is caused by small ruminants morbillivirus in the genus Morbillivirus, and is closely related to, among others, ... Seki, Fumio; Takeda, Makoto (2022). "Novel and classical morbilliviruses: Current knowledge of three divergent morbillivirus ...
"Emerging infections: how and why they arise". 27 February 2019. Gerrard, Sonja R.; Li, Li; Barrett, Alan D.; Nichol, Stuart T ... equine morbilli virus) Hepatitis C Hepatitis E Human herpesvirus 8 Human herpesvirus 6 Lyme borreliosis Microsporidia ... Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human pathogens. EIDs can be caused by newly identified microbes, including ... Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are emerging in hospitals, and ...
MicroRNAs and Immune Regulators in Infection and Disease", Roles of Host Gene and Non-coding RNA Expression in Virus Infection ... "A morbillivirus that caused fatal disease in horses and humans". Science. 268 (5207): 94-97. Bibcode:1995Sci...268...94M. doi: ... Infection with a Henipavirus, such as the more pathogenic HeV and NiV, can lead to vasculitis, necrosis, thrombosis, as well as ... Human infections are caused by zoonotic events where the virus crosses over from another animal species. Therefore, humans are ...
... which often aims to prevent viral infections. In modern history, numerous disease outbreaks have been caused by RdRp-encoding ... E virus Human orthopneumovirus Influenza viruses Japanese encephalitis virus Lassa mammarenavirus Measles morbillivirus Mumps ...
There is a risk of this phenomenon occurring with morbilliviruses as they can readily cross species barriers. CST can also have ... the successful infection of an initial individual host, which may lead to amplification and an outbreak; and the adaptation of ...
Hendra Virus Infection). Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the Merck Vet Manual. ... Learn about the veterinary topic of Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia ( ... or Hendra Virus Infection) Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia (or Hendra Virus Infection) Equine morbillivirus pneumonia is a ... Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia (Hendra Virus Infection) By Bonnie R. Rush , DVM, MS, DACVIM, Equine Internal Medicine, College ...
2014). Fatal Systemic Morbillivirus Infection in Bottlenose Dolphin, Canary Islands, Spain. 20(2). Sierra, Eva et al. "Fatal ... "Fatal Systemic Morbillivirus Infection in Bottlenose Dolphin, Canary Islands, Spain" vol. 20, no. 2, 2014. Export RIS Citation ... A systemic morbillivirus infection was diagnosed postmortem in a juvenile bottlenose dolphin stranded in the eastern North ... Title : Fatal Systemic Morbillivirus Infection in Bottlenose Dolphin, Canary Islands, Spain Personal Author(s) : Sierra, Eva; ...
Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in small cetaceans from the Southeast Pacific. ... Porpoise morbillivirus and/or DMV neutralizing antibodies were detected in the sera of two bottlenose and three dusky dolphins ... The presence of morbillivirus-specific serum antibodies was examined by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) ... No convincing morbillivirus-specific antibody positive reactions were detected in the sera from either the Burmeisters ...
Barrett, T. (1999). "Morbillivirus infections, with special emphasis on morbilliviruses of carnivores". Veterinary Microbiology ... pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV). Symptoms of infection are often a severe combination of ... Guardo, G. D.; Marruchella, G.; Agrimi, U.; Kennedy, S. (2005). "Morbillivirus Infections in Aquatic Mammals: A Brief Overview ... "Fatal cetacean morbillivirus infection in an Australian offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)". Australian ...
... profile, ... Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection in a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) from Brazil. Academic Article * ... We provide pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infection in a live- ... Phylogenetic analysis of part of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicates that the virus is similar to the Guiana ...
Morbillivirus/genética; Infecções por Morbillivirus/epidemiologia; Infecções por Morbillivirus/veterinária; Insuficiência Renal ... Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats. ... Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats. ... Doenças do Gato; Infecções por Morbillivirus; Morbillivirus; Nefrite Intersticial; Insuficiência Renal Crônica; Gatos; Animais ...
First report of canine morbillivirus infection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells from dogs with distemper. Veterinary World ... First report of canine morbillivirus infection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells from dogs with distemper. En: Veterinary ... First report of canine morbillivirus infection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells from dogs with distemper. / Altamirano- ... Profundice en los temas de investigación de First report of canine morbillivirus infection of adipose tissue-derived stem ...
2023) Feline morbillivirus: clinical relevance of a widespread endemic viral infection of cats. Viruses, 15(10), 2087. (doi: ... 2023) Feline morbillivirus: clinical relevance of a widespread endemic viral infection of cats. Viruses, 15(10), 2087. (doi: ... Atypical bovine morbillivirus infections in the Serengeti ecosystem. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council ... Willett, B.J., Hosie, M.J. , Neil, J.C. , Turner, J.D. and Hoxie, J.A. (1997) Common mechanism of infection by lentiviruses. ...
Categories: Morbillivirus Infections Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
An Orally Available, Small-Molecule Polymerase Inhibitor Shows Efficacy Against a Lethal Morbillivirus Infection in a Large ... which causes a highly lethal infection in ferrets. All of the animals treated with ERDRP-0519 survived infection with the ...
... families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. HPV infections have received particular attention ... The measles virus is a paramyxovirus belonging to the Morbillivirus genus. The paramyxovirus can survive for as long as 2 hours ... This article discusses viral conditions of the oral cavity, including HHV infection, HPV infection, coxsackievirus infection, ... HHV infections are common in the oral cavity. They may be primary or recurrent infections. Eight types of HHV have been linked ...
... of said interfering RNAs for the production of medicaments for use in the treatment or prevention of a morbillivirus infection ... "Small interfering RNAs as described herein can be used in methods of treatment of [hepatitis C virus] infection … [and] shRNA ... Methods for treating, managing inhibiting, preventing ... HCV infection using such siRNA and shRNAs and compositions comprising ... such as RSV infection, respiratory failure, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, as well as providing dosing regimens and treatment ...
Eleven cases of cetacean morbillivirus infection were recently confirmed by genetic sequencing, NOAA said, and 32 of 33 ... While cetacean morbillivirus does not pose a direct threat to humans, authorities are warning people to stay away from stranded ... FLICKR, LOWJUMPINGFROGA spate of bottlenose dolphin deaths along the Eastern seaboard is likely due to a morbillivirus, ... Related to human measles, morbillivirus can be fatal to dolphins by weakening their immune systems and allowing opportunistic ...
... families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. HPV infections have received particular attention ... The measles virus is a paramyxovirus belonging to the Morbillivirus genus. The paramyxovirus can survive for as long as 2 hours ... This article discusses viral conditions of the oral cavity, including HHV infection, HPV infection, coxsackievirus infection, ... HHV infections are common in the oral cavity. They may be primary or recurrent infections. Eight types of HHV have been linked ...
Morbillivirus cross-species infection: is there a risk for humans?. Queens University Belfast ...
KEY WORDS evolutionary genomics, adaptation in dolphins, Morbillivirus infection, exome-capture, bioinformatics. DESCRIPTION ( ... "Analysis of micro-evolutionary changes in a host genome in response to multiple viral infections in wild animals". The project ... will involve genomic analyses of dolphins in relation to pathogenic infection. The successful candidate will also have the ...
KEY WORDS evolutionary genomics, adaptation in dolphins, Morbillivirus infection, exome-capture, bioinformatics. DESCRIPTION ( ... "Analysis of micro-evolutionary changes in a host genome in response to multiple viral infections in wild animals". The project ... will involve genomic analyses of dolphins in relation to pathogenic infection. The successful candidate will also have the ...
Risk Factors for Nipah Virus Infection among Pteropid Bats, Peninsular Malaysia. January 1, 2013 ... Classification of new morbillivirus and jeilongvirus sequences from bats sampled in Brazil and Malaysia. ... Diagnosis of spotted fever group Rickettsia infections: the Asian perspective. July 3, 2019 ... Molecular evidence of Ebola Reston virus infection in Philippine bats. July 17, 2015 ...
Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean - Texas A&M ... Morbillivirus Infections * Species Specificity * Stenella Identity. Digital Object Identifier (DOI) * 10.1371/journal.pone. ... and viral infections. These results contribute to understanding CeMV infections in susceptible cetacean hosts in relation to ... CeMV infections showed a remarkable neurotropism in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, while this was a rare feature in ...
Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia (or Hendra Virus Infection). Equine Viral Arteritis. Fungal Infections (Mycoses) in Horses ... Most cases of infection are without signs. When signs are observed, they may include any combination of the following: fever of ... Abortion may occur while the horse is displaying signs of disease or while it is recovering from the infection. It may also ... While the virus is known to infect many breeds of horses, the rate of infection varies widely, usually being highest in ...
Peste des petits ruminants (infection with small ruminant morbillivirus). Free. Never occurred. Australia is officially ... Avian influenza (including infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses) in poultry ...
The pathology of cetacean morbillivirus infection and comorbidities in Guiana dolphins during an unusual mortality event ( ... The pathology of cetacean morbillivirus infection and comorbidities in Guiana dolphins during an unusual mortality event ( ... 2020). The pathology of cetacean morbillivirus infection and comorbidities in Guiana dolphins during an unusual mortality event ... The pathology of cetacean morbillivirus infection and comorbidities in Guiana dolphins during an unusual mortality event ( ...
This photograph reveals the skin rash on a patients abdomen 3-days after the onset of a measles infection. The image was ...
3. Dailey M, Walsh M, Odell D, Campbell T. Evidence of prenatal infection in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with ... Prevalence and pathology of lungworm infection in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from southwest Florida. Dis Aquat ... 8 Prenatal infection via transplacental pathway of the lungworm had been evident in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and ...
9. Corsaro D, Greub G. Pathogenic potential of novel Chlamydiae and diagnostic approaches to infections due to these obligate ...
Persistent Morbillivirus Infection Leads to Altered Cortactin Distribution in Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells with Decreased Cellular ... Persistent Infection of a Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cell Line with Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Vasostatin or ... This study hypothesizes that a CDV infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) triggers the MET process leading ... Summarized, these results suggest that CDV infection of DH82 cells triggers the MET process by an increased expression of ...
... of mucoadhesive property and the effect of gum on intranasal vaccination against small ruminant morbillivirus infection (PPR). ...
The retrospective diagnosis of a second outbreak of equine morbillivirus infection.. Aust Vet J. . 1996. ;. 74. :. 244. -. 5. ... A major characteristic of henipavirus infections is their systemic spread, with evidence of infection in multiple organ systems ... Evidence of henipavirus infection in West African fruit bats.. PLoS ONE. . 2008. ;. 3. :. e2739. 10.1371/journal.pone.0002739. ... HeV infection in horses typically produces an acute, febrile respiratory disease (. 12. ) with a high case-fatality rate. The ...
  • Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection in a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) from Brazil. (tamu.edu)
  • Eleven cases of cetacean morbillivirus infection were recently confirmed by genetic sequencing, NOAA said, and 32 of 33 dolphins tested using various methods are confirmed or suspected to have been infected with morbillivirus. (the-scientist.com)
  • Hendra Virus Infection in Horses Hendra virus (HeV), a zoonotic virus first identified in Australia in 1994, is a henipavirus within the subfamily Paramyxoviridae. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Not exactly, but the disease that's been ravaging whale and dolphin populations worldwide, called cetacean morbillivirus (CMV), is in the same family of viruses ( Paramyxoviridae) that causes measles in humans. (uga.edu)
  • The causative agent of measles is a virus of the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. (vinmec.com)
  • 1 It is caused by an RNA virus of the paramyxoviridae family which belongs to the genus morbillivirus. (who.int)
  • Measles is caused by the measles virus, a member of the Morbillivirus genus, the Paramyxoviridae family [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measles is caused by a morbillivirus of the March 2022 in 48 high-risk districts in 24 paramyxoviridae family and is highly provinces. (who.int)
  • Measles is an acute viral illness caused by a virus in the family paramyxovirus, genus Morbillivirus . (cdc.gov)
  • The virus belongs to the genus Morbillivirus from the family of paramyxoviruses. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • Our findings suggest that breast Cats with Feline Morbillivirus, milk is infected by EBOV at a later stage of the disease than United States blood but then follows the expected replication kinetics ob- served in venous blood. (cdc.gov)
  • Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was first isolated in 2012 from stray cats in Hong Kong . (bvsalud.org)
  • Morbillivirus has strains that affect non-cetacean species, including other marine mammals such as seals and otters (phocine morbillivirus), as well as dogs (canine distemper), cats (feline morbillivirus) and cattle (rinderpest). (uga.edu)
  • The disease, called equine morbillivirus pneumonia, develops in horses that are infected by direct contact with the virus particles in urine, saliva, and respiratory secretions. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia (or Hendra Virus Infection) Equine morbillivirus pneumonia is a frequently fatal viral respiratory infection of horses caused by Hendra virus. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Symptoms of infection are often a severe combination of pneumonia, encephalitis and damage to the immune system, which greatly impair the cetacean's ability to swim and stay afloat unassisted. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common symptoms are skin lesions, pneumonia, brain infections, and other secondary infections due to a compromised immune system. (uga.edu)
  • And children below the age of 5 are more likely to develop measles complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, ear infection, diarrhea etc. (kidsnaija.com)
  • In United States, around 30% of measles infections in young children less than five years, lead to at least one complication such as diarrhoea, otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, seizures and death [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clinical signs associated with infection may include gastrointestinal signs (vomiting and diarrhea) and/or respiratory signs that may be complicated by secondary bacterial infection (purulent nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, pneumonia). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence analysis of a conserved fragment of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicated that the virus is closely related to dolphin morbillivirus recently reported in striped dolphins in the Mediterranean Sea. (cdc.gov)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of part of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicates that the virus is similar to the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) morbillivirus strain, known to affect cetaceans along the coast of Brazil. (tamu.edu)
  • We provide pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infection in a live-stranded adult female killer whale (Orcinus orca), which stranded alive in Esprito Santo State, Brazil, in 2014. (tamu.edu)
  • Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a virus that infects marine mammals in the order Cetacea, which includes dolphins, porpoises and whales. (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans. (tamu.edu)
  • Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a major natural cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans worldwide and results in epidemic and endemic fatalities. (tamu.edu)
  • CeMV infections showed a remarkable neurotropism in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, while this was a rare feature in CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins. (tamu.edu)
  • These results contribute to understanding CeMV infections in susceptible cetacean hosts in relation to factors such as CeMV strains and geographic locations, thereby establishing the basis for future neuro- and immunopathological comparative investigations. (tamu.edu)
  • Caused by a morbillivirus (same family as rinderpest), a global eradication programme is in hand and a DEVA test is being developed to distinguish between natural infection and vaccinate. (veterinary-practice.com)
  • One rare long-term sequelae of measles virus infection is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system that generally develops 7-10 years after infection. (cdc.gov)
  • A systemic morbillivirus infection was diagnosed postmortem in a juvenile bottlenose dolphin stranded in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean in 2005. (cdc.gov)
  • The sera from six dusky dolphins, one common dolphin and three offshore bottlenose dolphins were positive on a coat of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) antigen in the iELISA. (porpoise.org)
  • Porpoise morbillivirus and/or DMV neutralizing antibodies were detected in the sera of two bottlenose and three dusky dolphins that reacted positively with DMV antigen in iELISA and also in the sera of one common, one dusky and one bottlenose dolphin that were negative in the iELISA. (porpoise.org)
  • Three genetically distinct strains have been identified: dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV). (wikipedia.org)
  • FLICKR, LOWJUMPINGFROG A spate of bottlenose dolphin deaths along the Eastern seaboard is likely due to a morbillivirus, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (the-scientist.com)
  • 4,8 Prenatal infection via transplacental pathway of the lungworm had been evident in bottlenose dolphin (T ursiops truncatus ) and harbour porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena ). (vin.com)
  • 3. Dailey M, Walsh M, Odell D, Campbell T. Evidence of prenatal infection in the bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) with the lungworm Halocercus lagenorhynchi (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae). (vin.com)
  • Disease due to Hendra virus infection has only been reported in horses and. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of morbillivirus disease in killer whales. (tamu.edu)
  • Urine and kidney tissues have been widely tested in attempts to confirm associations between FeMV infection and renal disease , but samples from both healthy and sick cats can test positive and some cross-sectional studies have not found associations between FeMV infection and CKD. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study aimed to determine whether adipose stem cells (ASCs) from dogs with distemper disease are infected with the canine morbillivirus (CM). Materials and Methods: Twelve dogs with the neurological phase of the disease and who were positive for CM by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were studied. (edu.pe)
  • All of the animals treated with ERDRP-0519 survived infection with the distemper virus, remained disease free and developed robust immunity against the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-2, also known as HSV-2, causes genital herpes and occasionally causes oral disease that is clinically similar to that of HHV-1 infection. (medscape.com)
  • HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
  • Herpesviruses establish latent permanent infections in their hosts, although clinical signs of disease may not be detected. (medscape.com)
  • HeV infection in horses typically produces an acute, febrile respiratory disease ( 12 ) with a high case-fatality rate. (cdc.gov)
  • Although mainly a disease of cattle, besnoitiosis can cause infection in horses and other herbivores. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
  • A major characteristic of henipavirus infections is their systemic spread, with evidence of infection in multiple organ systems. (cdc.gov)
  • These results strongly suggest that viruses closely related, or identical, to the cetacean morbillivirus present in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea infect several species of Delphinidae of the Southeastern Pacific. (porpoise.org)
  • Morbillivirus cross-species infection: is there a risk for humans? (faculti.net)
  • The risk of reverse zoonosis and the potential for the establishment of cats as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, warranting the investigation of the susceptibility of cats to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their capacity to transmit the virus to cats and other species as the pandemic progresses. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Recently cat-to-human transmission was reported, demonstrating that a successful cross-species jump of SARS-CoV-2 into cats has the potential to expand the host range of the virus and generate an additional source of infections for humans and other species. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Measles is caused by a species of Morbillivirus - a virus that causes gastrointestinal and respiratory system diseases and also weakens the immune system. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Furthermore, serological studies and experimental infections have demonstrated that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (gla.ac.uk)
  • There is also evidence for acute kidney injury following infection with FeMV. (bvsalud.org)
  • HHV-6, which can produce acute infection in CD4 + T lymphocytes, causes roseola infantum , a febrile illness that affects young children. (medscape.com)
  • Measles is an acute viral infection. (vinmec.com)
  • Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
  • What viral infections cause spots? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Viral infections like hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr, or cytomegalovirus can cause it. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • They can be caused by different medical conditions such as allergies, viral infections, etc. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Can viral infections cause skin rashes? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Viral infections are illnesses caused by a virus rather than bacteria or fungi. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Many viral infections, especially those that tend to affect toddlers and children, can cause skin rashes. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • 2 In 2012, an estimated 122 000 deaths caused by measles infections were reported globally. (who.int)
  • Measles in also medically known as Rubeola and it's caused by the Rubeola virus, Morbillivirus. (kidsnaija.com)
  • A myriad of stressors-ranging from environmental contaminants like PCBs, mercury, and antibiotics to known and emerging diseases like fungal infections, papilloma virus, and cetacean morbillivirus-has taken its toll on marine mammal populations, with no end in sight. (uga.edu)
  • Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal infection of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itching of affected areas. (shuttlelotion.com)
  • Secondary bacterial infection can accompany the fungal infection, sometimes requiring a course of oral antibiotics. (shuttlelotion.com)
  • There are many conventional medications (over-the-counter and prescription) as well as alternative treatments for fungal skin infections, including athlete's foot. (shuttlelotion.com)
  • Related to human measles, morbillivirus can be fatal to dolphins by weakening their immune systems and allowing opportunistic agents to invade. (the-scientist.com)
  • While cetacean morbillivirus does not pose a direct threat to humans, authorities are warning people to stay away from stranded dolphins because of the risk of dangerous coinfections. (the-scientist.com)
  • It is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will establish as an endemic virus of humans, which has the potential to lead to reverse zoonotic infections in animals that live close to humans. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Scientists say there is not a risk of the virus spreading to humans, but because it affects dolphins' immune system, they typically get other infections. (wtkr.com)
  • During the early phase of the infection (which lasts between one and four days), symptoms usually resemble those of an upper respiratory infection with fever. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Another is that human-made contaminants, such as mercury, which compromise the immune systems of cetaceans, could increase their vulnerability to morbillivirus. (uga.edu)
  • infections, and results of Morbillivirus and Brucella spp. (ncsu.edu)
  • HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Traditional live attenuated vaccine can also produce immunosuppression, albeit to a lower extent than natural infections [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reduced angiogenic gene expression in morbillivirus-triggered oncolysis in a translational model for histiocytic sarcoma. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • It thus appears that protective natural immunity to morbilliviruses requires both humoral and cellular components of the adaptive immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measles is an infection that affects the immune system, respiratory system, and skin. (kidsnaija.com)
  • The virus weakens the human immune system, which can lead to a number of diseases, including middle ear infections, inflammations of the respiratory tract or lungs. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • Measles also causes an approximately six-week-long immune deficiency, which can lead to infection with further diseases. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Oral lesions of coxackie virus infection must be differentiated from other diseases causing oral lesions such as leukoplakia and herpes simplex virus infection. (wikidoc.org)
  • Because vitamin A helps the body fight against diseases and infections, a child who is vitamin A-deficient will not be able to repel the virus. (kidsnaija.com)
  • In developing countries, the infection is particularly widespread: in Africa and Asia, measles remains among the ten most common infectious diseases. (prevent-and-protect.com)
  • In infection with the morbillivirus prototype measles virus (MeV), cellular and humoral immunity contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some babies receive passive immunity from their mothers through the placenta and during breastfeeding, but it's not always enough to protect them from measles infection. (kidsnaija.com)
  • Survivors of Morbilliviruses often develop lifelong immunity against the virus. (kidsnaija.com)
  • The presence of morbillivirus-specific serum antibodies was examined by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and virus neutralization tests in serum samples from 30 dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), 8 long-snouted common dolphins (Delphinus capensis), 2 inshore and 6 offshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and 20 Burmeister's porpoises (Phocoena spinipinnis) taken in fisheries off central Peru in 1993-1995. (porpoise.org)
  • No convincing morbillivirus-specific antibody positive reactions were detected in the sera from either the Burmeister's porpoises or the inshore bottlenose dolphins. (porpoise.org)
  • Prevalence and pathology of lungworm infection in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from southwest Florida. (vin.com)
  • Since dolphins in the open ocean are free-ranging, no methods currently exist to stop or slow transmission, prevent infection, or cure infected individuals. (uga.edu)
  • Of the 33 dolphins tested, 32 are either suspected or confirmed cases of morbillivirus. (wtkr.com)
  • A rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the MEASLES VIRUS. (rush.edu)
  • Her most significant scientific contributions have included the identification of determinants of virulence amongst feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates, the development of methods to confirm FIV and feline leukaemia virus infections in diagnostic samples, the identification of vaccine-induced enhancement of FIV infection and elucidation of the mechanism of protection induced by whole inactivated FIV vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)
  • In collaboration with Dr. Veronika von Messling from the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, the researchers tested the drug by turning to a virus very closely related to measles virus, the canine distemper virus, which causes a highly lethal infection in ferrets. (sciencedaily.com)
  • [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
  • While the virus is known to infect many breeds of horses, the rate of infection varies widely, usually being highest in Standardbreds and Warmbloods. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Infected stallions can become carriers and readily spread the infection due to the fact that the virus is continually shed in the semen. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • Mesenchymal to epithelial transition driven by canine distemper virus infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells contributes to a reduced cell motility in vitro. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Intratumoral Canine Distemper Virus Infection Inhibits Tumor Growth by Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Xenograft Model of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Oxidative Stress in Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Induced by an Infection with Canine Distemper Virus Led to a Dysregulation of HIF-1α Downstream Pathway Resulting in a Reduced Expression of VEGF-B in vitro. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • Persistent Infection of a Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cell Line with Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Vasostatin or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • There have been sporadic reports of infections in pet cats in COVID-households, which demonstrates that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and could act as virus reservoirs. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Measles virus, the cause of measles, is classified as a Morbillivirus. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Variante defectuosa del VIRUS DEL SARAMPIÓN que se ha aislado en tejido encefálico de pacientes con panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1 230 141 (10 803), 0.9%] with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella infection in week 14. (who.int)
  • Forty three countries performed standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for confirming suspected cases of pathogens such as Morbillivirus responsible of measles through the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and 30 countries had at least polymerase chain reaction (PCR) capacity for detection of influenza viruses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (infection with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. (unog.ch)
  • It is important to know a child is contagious about four days before the rash appears and can pass the infection to others before they even know they have measles. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Evaluation of mucoadhesive property and the effect of gum on intranasal vaccination against small ruminant morbillivirus infection (PPR). (boswellia.org)
  • The skin becomes hard, thick, and wrinkled and develops cracks that allow bacterial infections to develop. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • To date, there is no evidence of infection in populations of wild horses. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • During this outbreak, infected horses showed atypical signs of HeV infections, with clinical features of a more neurologic nature ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The outcome of such a cross-infection phenomenon could be catastrophic. (uga.edu)
  • C values were t consistently lower in breast milk than in blood when tested concomitantly, but in this case, breast milk samples were Chronic Infection of Domestic not collected until day 6. (cdc.gov)
  • Our findings provide evidence that PDV infections increased in harbor seals along the North Atlantic coast of the U.S. in 2006, and PDV likely played a role in a UME that involved harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), harp seals ( Phoca groenlandica ), hooded seals ( Cystophora cristata ), and gray seals ( Halichoerus grypus ). (aquaticmammalsjournal.org)