Morbillivirus Infections
Morbillivirus
Dolphins
Distemper
Distemper Virus, Canine
Paramyxoviridae
Rinderpest virus
Mediterranean Sea
Stenella
Peste-des-petits-ruminants virus
Seals, Earless
Phoca
Ferrets
Non-purulent meningoencephalomyelitis of a Pacific striped dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens). The first evidence of morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the Pacific Ocean around Japan. (1/26)
On March 22, 1998, a mature, male, hyposthenic Pacific striped dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was stranded at Aoshima Beach in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan. A necropsy performed 14 hr after death revealed mild diffuse congestion and edema of the leptomeninges and mild pulmonary atelectasis. Histopathologically, non-purulent inflammatory were observed throughout the cerebrum, thalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord. Hematoxylin and eosin stain revealed no viral inclusion bodies. Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against nucleoprotein of canine distemper virus (CDV-NP) revealed a number of CDV-NP-positive granular deposits in the cytoplasm and cell processes of the degenerating or intact neurons. The present paper is a first report of spontaneously occurred morbillivirus infection in a dolphin at the Pacific Ocean around Japan. (+info)Dermatitis with invasive ciliated protozoa in dolphins that died during the 1987-1988 Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin morbilliviral epizootic. (2/26)
Dermatitis with intradermal cilated protozoa was identified in 18 of 95 (19%) Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) that died during the 1987-1988 Atlantic-dolphin morbillivirus epizootic. The lesions were characterized by focally extensive suppurative and histiocytic dermatitis and cellulitis with ulceration and variable numbers of dermal and hypodermal ciliates. Vasculitis, thrombosis, and/or intravascular ciliates were rarely present. In one dolphin, there was an associated lymphadenitis with ciliates, and in another, bronchopneumonia with rare intrabronchiolar ciliates. Ten of the dolphins were female, and eight were male. The animals ranged in length from 148 to 260 cm. Eleven were from Virginia, four were from New Jersey, and three were from Florida. In 13 dolphins, results of immunohistochemical and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were positive for morbillivirus infection. Results of immunohistochemical tests were negative in four dolphins that were not also tested with PCR. Results were also negative in one dolphin tested using both methods. Nine dolphins had concomitant bacterial, fungal, and/or other protozoal infections. Fourteen other dolphins with ciliate-associated dermatitis were identified from 414 Atlantic bottlenose dolphin cases (3%) archived at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. The incidence of dermatitis with invasive ciliates is much greater in dolphins that died during the 1987-1988 epizootic. (+info)A review of virus infections of cataceans and the potential impact of morbilliviruses, poxviruses and papillomaviruses on host population dynamics. (3/26)
Viruses belonging to 9 families have been detected in cetaceans. We critically review the clinical features, pathology and epidemiology of the diseases they cause. Cetacean morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae) induces a serious disease with a high mortality rate and persists in several populations. It may have long-term effects on the dynamics of cetacean populations either as enzootic infection or recurrent epizootics. The latter presumably have the more profound impact due to removal of sexually mature individuals. Members of the family Poxviridae infect several species of odontocetes, resulting in ring and tattoo skin lesions. Although poxviruses apparently do not induce a high mortality, circumstancial evidence suggests they may be lethal in young animals lacking protective immunity, and thus may negatively affect net recruitment. Papillomaviruses (family Papovaviridae) cause genital warts in at least 3 species of cetaceans. In 10% of male Burmeister's porpoises Phocoena spinipinnis from Peru, lesions were sufficiently severe to at least hamper, if not impede, copulation. Members of the families Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Rhabdoviridae were demonstrated in cetaceans suffering serious illnesses, but with the exception of a 'porpoise herpesvirus' their causative role is still tentative. Herpes-like viruses and caliciviruses (Caliciviridae) give rise to cutaneous diseases in Monodontidae and Delphinidae. Antibodies to several serotypes of caliciviruses were found in odontocetes and mysticetes. An unrecognized Hepadnaviridae was detected by serology in a captive Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens with chronic persistent hepatitis. Adenoviruses (Adenoviridae) were isolated from the intestinal tracts of mysticeti and a beluga Delphinapterus leucas but were not associated with any pathologies. We discuss the potential impact of Paramyxoviridae, Poxviridae and Papovaviridae on the dynamics of several odontocete populations. (+info)Molecular genetic evidence of a novel morbillivirus in a long-finned pilot whale (Globicephalus melas). (4/26)
A long-finned pilot whale with morbilliviral disease was stranded in New Jersey. An immunohistochemical stain demonstrated morbilliviral antigen. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for morbillivirus P and N genes was positive. Novel sequences most closely related to, but distinct from, those of dolphin and porpoise morbilliviruses suggest that this virus may represent a third member of the cetacean morbillivirus group. (+info)Identification of a cytotoxic T-cell epitope on the recombinant nucleocapsid proteins of Rinderpest and Peste des petits ruminants viruses presented as assembled nucleocapsids. (5/26)
The nucleocapsid protein (N) of morbilliviruses is not only a major structural protein but also the most abundant protein made in infected cells. We overexpressed the N proteins of Rinderpest virus and Peste des petits ruminants virus in E. coli, which assemble into nucleocapsids in the absence of viral RNA that resemble nucleocapsids made in the virus-infected cells. Employing these assembled structures resembling subviral particles, we studied the induction of both the antibody response and the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response in a murine model (BALB/c). A single dose of the purified recombinant nucleocapsids of both viruses in the absence of an adjuvant induces a strong CTL response. The CTLs generated are antigen specific and cross-reactive with respect to each virus and, furthermore, this CTL response is MHC class I restricted. Based on the prediction for H-2(d)-restricted T-cell motifs we tested the lysis of transfected P815 (H-2(d)) cells expressing a nine amino acid potential CTL epitope, by splenic T cells in vitro restimulated with bacterially expressed RPV or PPRV N proteins. We extended our study to the bovine system both to analyze the immunogenicity of these recombinant proteins in the natural hosts and to show that PBMC from cattle vaccinated with Rinderpest vaccine proliferate in vitro, in response to restimulation with soluble nucleocapsid proteins. Furthermore, the murine CTL epitope functions in the bovine system as a cytotoxic T-cell epitope. This sequence, which is conserved in the N proteins of morbilliviruses, conforms well to the predicted algorithm for some of the most common BoLA CTL antigenic peptides. (+info)Monoclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of morbillivirus antibody in marine mammal sera. (6/26)
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), using two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), was developed and compared with the standard virus neutralization test (VNT) for detecting antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) and phocine distemper virus (PDV) in sera from dogs and various species of marine mammals. The test depends on the blocking of MAb binding to solid-phase antigen in the presence of positive serum. Test conditions were optimized by using control VNT-negative and -positive sera specific for CDV and PDV. A positive cutoff value of 30% inhibition, which represents the mean cutoff of a VNT-negative population (n = 623) plus 2 standard deviations, was adopted for the test. A total of 736 serum samples were tested by the new cELISA and by the VNT as the "gold standard." An unexpected but useful finding was the ability of this CDV- and PDV-specific cELISA to also detect antibodies against the related pair dolphin morbillivirus and porpoise morbillivirus. Based on a subpopulation of 625 sera used in statistical analyses, the overall sensitivity and specificity of cELISA relative to those of the VNT were 94.9 and 97.7%, respectively. Because the cELISA proved to be nearly as sensitive and specific as the VNT while being simpler and more rapid, it would be an adequate screening test for suspect CDV or PDV cases and would also be useful for epidemiological surveillance of morbilliviral infections in marine mammal populations. (+info)Pathogenesis of two strains of lion (Panthera leo) morbillivirus in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). (7/26)
Canine distemper virus (CDV) was previously considered to have a host range restricted to the canid family. In 1994, the virus was associated with sporadic outbreaks of distemper in captive felids. However, after severe mortality occurred in the Serengeti lions (Panthera leo), attention became focused on the pathogenesis of the virus and a concerted effort was made to identify the virus as CDV or a closely related feline morbillivirus. The present study was designed to explore the susceptibility of ferrets to challenge with two morbilliviruses isolated from lions and the protective effects of a modified-live mink distemper vaccine. Because mortality in ferrets infected with pathogenic CDV approaches 100%, the ferret was selected as a test animal. Two strains of lion morbillivirus were used as a challenge, A92-27/20 (California lion isolate) and A94-11/13 (Serengeti lion isolate). The two strains of lion morbillivirus were antigenically related to CDV (Rockborn strain), and ferrets were susceptible to both of the viruses when inoculated intraperitoneally. The inoculated ferrets were anorectic at 5-6 days postinoculation (PI), exhibited oculonasal discharge at 9-12 days PI, and became moribund at 12-22 days PI. Severe bilateral conjunctivitis was the typical clinical sign. Inclusion bodies characteristic of morbillivirus (eosinophilic, intranuclear, and intracytoplasmic) were distributed in many epithelial cells, including those of the skin, conjunctiva, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, stomach, trachea, lung, urinary bladder, and kidney. Virus was reisolated from selected lung tissues collected at necropsy and identified by CDV-specific immunofluorescence. Ferrets vaccinated with the mink distemper vaccine (Onderstepoort strain) were protected from challenge with the two lion strains, adding further support to the premise that the viruses are closely related to CDV. (+info)Catastrophes after crossing species barriers. (8/26)
Probably the most tragic examples of virus infections that have caused the deaths of many millions of people in the past century were the influenza and AIDS pandemics. These events occurred as a direct result of the introduction of animal viruses into the human population. Similarly, mass mortalities among aquatic and terrestrial mammals were caused by the introduction of viruses into species in which they had not previously been present. It seems paradoxical that at a time when we have managed to control or even eradicate major human virus infections like polio and smallpox we are increasingly confronted with new or newly emerging virus infections of humans and animals. A complex mix of social, technological and ecological changes, and the ability of certain viruses to adapt rapidly to a changing environment, seems to be at the basis of this phenomenon. Extensive diagnostic and surveillance networks, as well as novel vaccine- and antiviral development strategies should provide us with the safeguards to limit its impact. (+info)Morbillivirus infections refer to a group of viral illnesses caused by members of the Morbillivirus genus, which is part of the Paramyxoviridae family. The most well-known morbillivirus infection is measles, a highly contagious disease that primarily affects humans. Other examples of morbillivirus infections include:
1. Canine distemper: A viral illness that affects dogs and other animals such as raccoons, ferrets, and skunks. It can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
2. Phocine distemper: A viral disease primarily affecting seals, particularly the harbor seal population in Europe. It can lead to severe respiratory and neurological issues.
3. Rinderpest: A highly contagious and fatal disease that affects cattle, buffalo, and other even-toed ungulates (hoofed mammals). This disease has been eradicated globally through vaccination programs.
4. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): Also known as sheep and goat plague, this morbillivirus infection affects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It can cause severe respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive symptoms.
5. Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infections: These affect various species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises, causing respiratory, neurological, and immunological issues.
Morbillivirus infections are typically spread through direct contact with infected individuals or their bodily fluids. Vaccination programs have been successful in controlling and eradicating some of these diseases, such as rinderpest and measles.
Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. It includes several important human and animal pathogens that cause diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. The most well-known member of this genus is Measles virus (MV), which causes measles in humans, a highly contagious disease characterized by fever, rash, cough, and conjunctivitis.
Other important Morbilliviruses include:
* Rinderpest virus (RPV): This virus caused rinderpest, a severe disease in cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals, which was eradicated in 2011 through a global vaccination campaign.
* Canine Distemper Virus (CDV): A pathogen that affects dogs, wild canids, and several other mammalian species, causing a systemic disease with respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
* Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV) and Porpoise Morbillivirus (PMV): These viruses affect marine mammals, such as seals and porpoises, causing mass mortality events in their populations.
Morbilliviruses are enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a genome size of approximately 15-16 kilobases. They have a pleomorphic shape and can vary in diameter from 150 to 750 nanometers. The viral envelope contains two glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin (H) protein, which mediates attachment to host cells, and the fusion (F) protein, which facilitates membrane fusion and viral entry.
Transmission of Morbilliviruses typically occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals or animals. The viruses can cause acute infections with high fatality rates, particularly in naïve populations that lack immunity due to insufficient vaccination coverage or the absence of previous exposure.
In summary, Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae that includes several important human and animal pathogens causing acute respiratory infections with high fatality rates. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact, and vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing outbreaks and controlling disease spread.
"Dolphins" is a common name that refers to several species of marine mammals belonging to the family Delphinidae, within the larger group Cetacea. Dolphins are known for their intelligence, social behavior, and acrobatic displays. They are generally characterized by a streamlined body, a prominent dorsal fin, and a distinctive "smiling" expression created by the curvature of their mouths.
Although "dolphins" is sometimes used to refer to all members of the Delphinidae family, it is important to note that there are several other families within the Cetacea order, including porpoises and whales. Therefore, not all small cetaceans are dolphins.
Some examples of dolphin species include:
1. Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) - This is the most well-known and studied dolphin species, often featured in aquariums and marine parks. They have a robust body and a prominent, curved dorsal fin.
2. Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) - These dolphins are characterized by their hourglass-shaped color pattern and distinct, falcate dorsal fins. There are two subspecies: the short-beaked common dolphin and the long-beaked common dolphin.
3. Spinner Dolphin (Stenella longirostris) - Known for their acrobatic behavior, spinner dolphins have a slender body and a long, thin beak. They are named for their spinning jumps out of the water.
4. Risso's Dolphin (Grampus griseus) - These dolphins have a unique appearance, with a robust body, a prominent dorsal fin, and a distinctive, scarred skin pattern caused by social interactions and encounters with squid, their primary food source.
5. Orca (Orcinus orca) - Also known as the killer whale, orcas are the largest dolphin species and are highly intelligent and social predators. They have a distinctive black-and-white color pattern and a prominent dorsal fin.
In medical terminology, "dolphins" do not have a specific relevance, but they can be used in various contexts such as therapy, research, or education. For instance, dolphin-assisted therapy is an alternative treatment that involves interactions between patients and dolphins to improve psychological and physical well-being. Additionally, marine biologists and researchers study dolphin behavior, communication, and cognition to understand their complex social structures and intelligence better.
Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects dogs, but can also infect other animals such as cats, ferrets, and raccoons. It is caused by a paramyxovirus and is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
The respiratory symptoms of distemper include coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge. Gastrointestinal symptoms may include vomiting and diarrhea. Neurological symptoms can include seizures, twitching, and paralysis. Distemper is often fatal, especially in puppies and young dogs that have not been vaccinated.
The virus is spread through direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, such as saliva and urine. It can also be spread through the air, making it highly contagious in areas where large numbers of unvaccinated animals are housed together, such as animal shelters and kennels.
Prevention is key in protecting against distemper, and vaccination is recommended for all dogs. Puppies should receive their first distemper vaccine at six to eight weeks of age, followed by booster shots every three to four weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult dogs should receive a distemper booster shot every one to three years, depending on their risk of exposure.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and causes a contagious and serious disease in dogs and other animals. The virus primarily affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems of infected animals.
The symptoms of canine distemper can vary widely depending on the age and immune status of the animal, as well as the strain of the virus. Initial signs may include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and discharge from the eyes and nose. As the disease progresses, affected animals may develop vomiting, diarrhea, pneumonia, and neurological symptoms such as seizures, muscle twitching, and paralysis.
Canine distemper is highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with infected animals or their respiratory secretions. The virus can also be transmitted through contaminated objects such as food bowls, water dishes, and bedding.
Prevention of canine distemper is achieved through vaccination, which is recommended for all dogs as a core vaccine. It is important to keep dogs up-to-date on their vaccinations and to avoid contact with unfamiliar or unvaccinated animals. There is no specific treatment for canine distemper, and therapy is generally supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing complications.
Paramyxoviridae is a family of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that include several medically important pathogens. These viruses are characterized by their enveloped particles and helical symmetry. The paramyxoviruses can cause respiratory infections, neurological disorders, and other systemic diseases in humans, animals, and birds.
Some notable members of the Paramyxoviridae family include:
* Human respirovirus (also known as human parainfluenza virus): causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults.
* Human orthopneumovirus (also known as respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV): a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children.
* Measles morbillivirus: causes measles, a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, rash, and cough.
* Mumps virus: causes mumps, an acute infectious disease that primarily affects the salivary glands.
* Hendra virus and Nipah virus: zoonotic paramyxoviruses that can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans and animals.
Effective vaccines are available for some paramyxoviruses, such as measles and mumps, but there are currently no approved vaccines for others, such as RSV and Nipah virus. Antiviral therapies are also limited, with only a few options available for the treatment of severe paramyxovirus infections.
Rinderpest virus (RPV) is a species in the genus Morbillivirus and family Paramyxoviridae. It is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes the highly contagious and often fatal disease called rinderpest in cattle, buffalo, and other even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), including sheep, goats, and members of the deer family.
Historically, rinderpest has had devastating effects on livestock populations and has significantly impacted agricultural economies worldwide. The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions and excretions. It mainly affects the respiratory and digestive systems of the host, causing symptoms such as fever, mouth sores, diarrhea, and severe weight loss.
Rinderpest was declared eradicated by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 2011, following a global effort to vaccinate animals and control the spread of the virus. It is one of only two viral diseases (the other being smallpox) that have been successfully eradicated through human intervention.
Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a viral pathogen that primarily affects marine mammals, particularly seals. It belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Morbillivirus, which also includes measles virus and canine distemper virus. PDV is responsible for causing an infectious disease known as phocine distemper, which is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms. The virus is highly contagious and can lead to mass mortality events in seal populations. It is not known to infect or cause disease in humans.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Mediterranean Sea" is a geographical term referring to the body of water located between Europe and Africa, and it is not a medical term. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar in the west and to the Red Sea through the Suez Canal in the east. The Mediterranean Sea is known for its unique climate and biodiversity. If you have any questions related to medical or health topics, I would be happy to try to help with those!
"Stenella" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a genus of dolphins, which includes several species such as the striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba), the Clymene dolphin (Stenella clymene), and the pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata). These dolphins are known for their acrobatic behaviors, such as leaping and bow riding. If you have any other questions or need information on a medical topic, I'd be happy to help!
Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) virus is a negative-stranded, enveloped RNA virus that belongs to the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. It is the causative agent of Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR), also known as sheep and goat plague, which is a highly contagious disease affecting small ruminants such as sheep and goats. The virus is closely related to the rinderpest virus, which was declared eradicated in 2011.
The PPR virus primarily targets the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems of infected animals, causing symptoms such as fever, nasal discharge, coughing, diarrhea, and mouth ulcers. The disease can be severe and often results in high mortality rates, particularly in young animals.
PPR is a significant threat to food security and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa and Asia. Vaccination programs have been implemented to control the spread of the virus and reduce its impact on susceptible populations.
Earless seals, also known as true seals or Phocidae, are a family of marine mammals that lack external ears. They have a streamlined body adapted for fast swimming, and their hind limbs are modified into flippers, which they use to move through the water. Earless seals have small ear holes on the sides of their heads, but they do not have an outer ear flap like other mammals. Instead, their middle and inner ears are well-developed for hearing underwater. They are found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and there are 18 species of earless seals, including the harbor seal, gray seal, and leopard seal.
"Phoca" is not a term commonly used in medical terminology. It is actually a genus of seals, also known as "true seals." The Phocidae family includes several species such as the harbor seal, gray seal, and hooded seal. If you have mistaken "Phoca" for a medical term, I would be happy to help you find the definition of the correct term.
A ferret is a domesticated mammal that belongs to the weasel family, Mustelidae. The scientific name for the common ferret is Mustela putorius furo. Ferrets are native to Europe and have been kept as pets for thousands of years due to their playful and curious nature. They are small animals, typically measuring between 13-20 inches in length, including their tail, and weighing between 1.5-4 pounds.
Ferrets have a slender body with short legs, a long neck, and a pointed snout. They have a thick coat of fur that can vary in color from white to black, with many different patterns in between. Ferrets are known for their high level of activity and intelligence, and they require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and happy.
Ferrets are obligate carnivores, which means that they require a diet that is high in protein and low in carbohydrates. They have a unique digestive system that allows them to absorb nutrients efficiently from their food, but it also means that they are prone to certain health problems if they do not receive proper nutrition.
Ferrets are social animals and typically live in groups. They communicate with each other using a variety of vocalizations, including barks, chirps, and purrs. Ferrets can be trained to use a litter box and can learn to perform simple tricks. With proper care and attention, ferrets can make loving and entertaining pets.
Rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects cattle and buffalo, although it can also infect other species such as sheep, goats, and deer. The virus responsible for rinderpest is a member of the Morbillivirus genus, which includes measles in humans and canine distemper in dogs.
The term "Rinderpest" comes from the German word "Rind," meaning cattle, and "Pest," meaning plague or pestilence. Historically, rinderpest has had devastating effects on livestock populations, causing significant economic losses and threatening food security in many parts of the world.
The disease is characterized by fever, oral lesions, diarrhea, and rapid weight loss, often leading to death within a week of infection. Transmission typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions, such as nasal discharge, saliva, or feces. The virus can also be spread via contaminated feed, water, and fomites (inanimate objects).
In 2011, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations declared rinderpest eradicated, making it the first viral disease to be eliminated through human efforts. This achievement was largely due to extensive vaccination campaigns, improved surveillance, and strict quarantine measures. However, maintaining vigilance against potential re-emergence remains crucial, as the virus still exists in some laboratory collections.
Cetacean morbillivirus
Dolphin
Anteater
Hendra virus
Feline morbillivirus
ERDRP-0519
Measles
Morbillivirus
Airborne transmission
Phocine morbillivirus
Measles morbillivirus
Global health
Respiratory droplet
Jeffery Taubenberger
Bear
Rinderpest
List of MeSH codes (C02)
Abomasitis
Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary
Natural reservoir
Caspian seal
Striped dolphin
Canine distemper
Paramyxoviridae
Veterinary virology
Ovine rinderpest
Emerging infectious disease
Ghanaian bat henipavirus
Orthornavirae
Cross-species transmission
Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia (Hendra Virus Infection) - Horse Owners - Merck Veterinary Manual
Fatal Systemic Morbillivirus Infection in Bottlenose Dolphin, Canary Islands, Spain
Serological evidence of morbillivirus infection in small cetaceans from the Southeast Pacific - Porpoise Research Library
Cetacean morbillivirus - Wikipedia
Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection in a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) from Brazil. - Texas A&M University (TAMU) Scholar
Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats. | Viruses;15(10)2023 10 13. |...
First report of canine morbillivirus infection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells from dogs with distemper<...
University of Glasgow - Schools - School of Infection & Immunity - Staff A-Z - Professor Margaret J Hosie
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
New drug to combat measles developed | ScienceDaily
Viral Infections of the Mouth: Overview, Human Herpesvirus, Human Papillomavirus
IP Update: Recent Patents, Patent Applications Awarded to Gradalis, Qiagen, Medtronic, and More | GenomeWeb
Virus Blamed for Dolphin Deaths | The Scientist Magazine®
Viral Infections of the Mouth: Overview, Human Herpesvirus, Human Papillomavirus
HDXmodeller | Faculti
Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk - Ogłoszenia
Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauk - Ogłoszenia
Classification of new morbillivirus and jeilongvirus sequences from bats sampled in Brazil and Malaysia - Conservation Medicine
Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans. Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on...
Equine Viral Arteritis - Horse Owners - MSD Veterinary Manual
Electronic Confidence Building Measures Portal
ReP USP - Resultado da busca
Details - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Lungworm Infestation of 2 Stranded Cetacean Calves in Taiwan - IAAAM 2016 - VIN
Proteobacteria Associated with Epitheliocystis-Like Inclusions in Two Captive-Born Bonnethead Sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) - IAAAM...
Mesenchymal to epithelial transition driven by canine distemper virus infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells contributes...
8.2.4 Atemwege - Boswellia.org
Keywords
Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection2
- Cetacean Morbillivirus Infection in a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) from Brazil. (tamu.edu)
- Eleven cases of cetacean morbillivirus infection were recently confirmed by genetic sequencing, NOAA said, and 32 of 33 dolphins tested using various methods are confirmed or suspected to have been infected with morbillivirus. (the-scientist.com)
Paramyxoviridae6
- Hendra Virus Infection in Horses Hendra virus (HeV), a zoonotic virus first identified in Australia in 1994, is a henipavirus within the subfamily Paramyxoviridae. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Not exactly, but the disease that's been ravaging whale and dolphin populations worldwide, called cetacean morbillivirus (CMV), is in the same family of viruses ( Paramyxoviridae) that causes measles in humans. (uga.edu)
- The causative agent of measles is a virus of the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae. (vinmec.com)
- 1 It is caused by an RNA virus of the paramyxoviridae family which belongs to the genus morbillivirus. (who.int)
- Measles is caused by the measles virus, a member of the Morbillivirus genus, the Paramyxoviridae family [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Measles is caused by a morbillivirus of the March 2022 in 48 high-risk districts in 24 paramyxoviridae family and is highly provinces. (who.int)
Genus2
- Measles is an acute viral illness caused by a virus in the family paramyxovirus, genus Morbillivirus . (cdc.gov)
- The virus belongs to the genus Morbillivirus from the family of paramyxoviruses. (prevent-and-protect.com)
Feline Morbillivirus4
- Our findings suggest that breast Cats with Feline Morbillivirus, milk is infected by EBOV at a later stage of the disease than United States blood but then follows the expected replication kinetics ob- served in venous blood. (cdc.gov)
- Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats. (bvsalud.org)
- Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was first isolated in 2012 from stray cats in Hong Kong . (bvsalud.org)
- Morbillivirus has strains that affect non-cetacean species, including other marine mammals such as seals and otters (phocine morbillivirus), as well as dogs (canine distemper), cats (feline morbillivirus) and cattle (rinderpest). (uga.edu)
Pneumonia7
- The disease, called equine morbillivirus pneumonia, develops in horses that are infected by direct contact with the virus particles in urine, saliva, and respiratory secretions. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Equine Morbillivirus Pneumonia (or Hendra Virus Infection) Equine morbillivirus pneumonia is a frequently fatal viral respiratory infection of horses caused by Hendra virus. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Symptoms of infection are often a severe combination of pneumonia, encephalitis and damage to the immune system, which greatly impair the cetacean's ability to swim and stay afloat unassisted. (wikipedia.org)
- The most common symptoms are skin lesions, pneumonia, brain infections, and other secondary infections due to a compromised immune system. (uga.edu)
- And children below the age of 5 are more likely to develop measles complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, ear infection, diarrhea etc. (kidsnaija.com)
- In United States, around 30% of measles infections in young children less than five years, lead to at least one complication such as diarrhoea, otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, seizures and death [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Clinical signs associated with infection may include gastrointestinal signs (vomiting and diarrhea) and/or respiratory signs that may be complicated by secondary bacterial infection (purulent nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnea, pneumonia). (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphoprotein gene2
- Sequence analysis of a conserved fragment of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicated that the virus is closely related to dolphin morbillivirus recently reported in striped dolphins in the Mediterranean Sea. (cdc.gov)
- Phylogenetic analysis of part of the morbillivirus phosphoprotein gene indicates that the virus is similar to the Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) morbillivirus strain, known to affect cetaceans along the coast of Brazil. (tamu.edu)
CeMV6
- We provide pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence of cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infection in a live-stranded adult female killer whale (Orcinus orca), which stranded alive in Esprito Santo State, Brazil, in 2014. (tamu.edu)
- Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a virus that infects marine mammals in the order Cetacea, which includes dolphins, porpoises and whales. (wikipedia.org)
- Comparative histopathologic and viral immunohistochemical studies on CeMV infection among Western Mediterranean, Northeast-Central, and Southwestern Atlantic cetaceans. (tamu.edu)
- Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a major natural cause of morbidity and mortality in cetaceans worldwide and results in epidemic and endemic fatalities. (tamu.edu)
- CeMV infections showed a remarkable neurotropism in striped dolphins and bottlenose dolphins, while this was a rare feature in CeMV-infected Guiana dolphins. (tamu.edu)
- These results contribute to understanding CeMV infections in susceptible cetacean hosts in relation to factors such as CeMV strains and geographic locations, thereby establishing the basis for future neuro- and immunopathological comparative investigations. (tamu.edu)
Rinderpest1
- Caused by a morbillivirus (same family as rinderpest), a global eradication programme is in hand and a DEVA test is being developed to distinguish between natural infection and vaccinate. (veterinary-practice.com)
Subacute Sclerosing Pane1
- One rare long-term sequelae of measles virus infection is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a fatal disease of the central nervous system that generally develops 7-10 years after infection. (cdc.gov)
Dolphin7
- A systemic morbillivirus infection was diagnosed postmortem in a juvenile bottlenose dolphin stranded in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean in 2005. (cdc.gov)
- The sera from six dusky dolphins, one common dolphin and three offshore bottlenose dolphins were positive on a coat of dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) antigen in the iELISA. (porpoise.org)
- Porpoise morbillivirus and/or DMV neutralizing antibodies were detected in the sera of two bottlenose and three dusky dolphins that reacted positively with DMV antigen in iELISA and also in the sera of one common, one dusky and one bottlenose dolphin that were negative in the iELISA. (porpoise.org)
- Three genetically distinct strains have been identified: dolphin morbillivirus (DMV), pilot whale morbillivirus (PWMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV). (wikipedia.org)
- FLICKR, LOWJUMPINGFROG A spate of bottlenose dolphin deaths along the Eastern seaboard is likely due to a morbillivirus, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (the-scientist.com)
- 4,8 Prenatal infection via transplacental pathway of the lungworm had been evident in bottlenose dolphin (T ursiops truncatus ) and harbour porpoises ( Phocoena phocoena ). (vin.com)
- 3. Dailey M, Walsh M, Odell D, Campbell T. Evidence of prenatal infection in the bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) with the lungworm Halocercus lagenorhynchi (Nematoda: Pseudaliidae). (vin.com)
Disease11
- Disease due to Hendra virus infection has only been reported in horses and. (merckvetmanual.com)
- To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of morbillivirus disease in killer whales. (tamu.edu)
- Urine and kidney tissues have been widely tested in attempts to confirm associations between FeMV infection and renal disease , but samples from both healthy and sick cats can test positive and some cross-sectional studies have not found associations between FeMV infection and CKD. (bvsalud.org)
- This study aimed to determine whether adipose stem cells (ASCs) from dogs with distemper disease are infected with the canine morbillivirus (CM). Materials and Methods: Twelve dogs with the neurological phase of the disease and who were positive for CM by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), were studied. (edu.pe)
- All of the animals treated with ERDRP-0519 survived infection with the distemper virus, remained disease free and developed robust immunity against the virus. (sciencedaily.com)
- See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
- HHV-2, also known as HSV-2, causes genital herpes and occasionally causes oral disease that is clinically similar to that of HHV-1 infection. (medscape.com)
- HHV-3, also known as varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes the primary infection chickenpox and the secondary reactivation disease herpes zoster. (medscape.com)
- Herpesviruses establish latent permanent infections in their hosts, although clinical signs of disease may not be detected. (medscape.com)
- HeV infection in horses typically produces an acute, febrile respiratory disease ( 12 ) with a high case-fatality rate. (cdc.gov)
- Although mainly a disease of cattle, besnoitiosis can cause infection in horses and other herbivores. (merckvetmanual.com)
Systemic2
- Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
- A major characteristic of henipavirus infections is their systemic spread, with evidence of infection in multiple organ systems. (cdc.gov)
Species5
- These results strongly suggest that viruses closely related, or identical, to the cetacean morbillivirus present in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea infect several species of Delphinidae of the Southeastern Pacific. (porpoise.org)
- Morbillivirus cross-species infection: is there a risk for humans? (faculti.net)
- The risk of reverse zoonosis and the potential for the establishment of cats as a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, warranting the investigation of the susceptibility of cats to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their capacity to transmit the virus to cats and other species as the pandemic progresses. (gla.ac.uk)
- Recently cat-to-human transmission was reported, demonstrating that a successful cross-species jump of SARS-CoV-2 into cats has the potential to expand the host range of the virus and generate an additional source of infections for humans and other species. (gla.ac.uk)
- Measles is caused by a species of Morbillivirus - a virus that causes gastrointestinal and respiratory system diseases and also weakens the immune system. (kidsnaija.com)
Serological1
- Furthermore, serological studies and experimental infections have demonstrated that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. (gla.ac.uk)
Acute3
- There is also evidence for acute kidney injury following infection with FeMV. (bvsalud.org)
- HHV-6, which can produce acute infection in CD4 + T lymphocytes, causes roseola infantum , a febrile illness that affects young children. (medscape.com)
- Measles is an acute viral infection. (vinmec.com)
Viral infections7
- Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
- What viral infections cause spots? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
- Viral infections like hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr, or cytomegalovirus can cause it. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
- They can be caused by different medical conditions such as allergies, viral infections, etc. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
- Can viral infections cause skin rashes? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
- Viral infections are illnesses caused by a virus rather than bacteria or fungi. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
- Many viral infections, especially those that tend to affect toddlers and children, can cause skin rashes. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
Measles infections1
- 2 In 2012, an estimated 122 000 deaths caused by measles infections were reported globally. (who.int)
Rubeola1
- Measles in also medically known as Rubeola and it's caused by the Rubeola virus, Morbillivirus. (kidsnaija.com)
Fungal4
- A myriad of stressors-ranging from environmental contaminants like PCBs, mercury, and antibiotics to known and emerging diseases like fungal infections, papilloma virus, and cetacean morbillivirus-has taken its toll on marine mammal populations, with no end in sight. (uga.edu)
- Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal infection of the skin that causes scaling, flaking, and itching of affected areas. (shuttlelotion.com)
- Secondary bacterial infection can accompany the fungal infection, sometimes requiring a course of oral antibiotics. (shuttlelotion.com)
- There are many conventional medications (over-the-counter and prescription) as well as alternative treatments for fungal skin infections, including athlete's foot. (shuttlelotion.com)
Opportunistic1
- Related to human measles, morbillivirus can be fatal to dolphins by weakening their immune systems and allowing opportunistic agents to invade. (the-scientist.com)
Fatal1
- About 57% of human infections are fatal. (merckvetmanual.com)
Humans3
- While cetacean morbillivirus does not pose a direct threat to humans, authorities are warning people to stay away from stranded dolphins because of the risk of dangerous coinfections. (the-scientist.com)
- It is likely that SARS-CoV-2 will establish as an endemic virus of humans, which has the potential to lead to reverse zoonotic infections in animals that live close to humans. (gla.ac.uk)
- Scientists say there is not a risk of the virus spreading to humans, but because it affects dolphins' immune system, they typically get other infections. (wtkr.com)
Symptoms1
- During the early phase of the infection (which lasts between one and four days), symptoms usually resemble those of an upper respiratory infection with fever. (texaschildrens.org)
Cetaceans1
- Another is that human-made contaminants, such as mercury, which compromise the immune systems of cetaceans, could increase their vulnerability to morbillivirus. (uga.edu)
Brucella1
- infections, and results of Morbillivirus and Brucella spp. (ncsu.edu)
Strains1
- HPV infections have received particular attention in recent years, as high-risk strains have been linked to some cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Immunosuppression1
- Traditional live attenuated vaccine can also produce immunosuppression, albeit to a lower extent than natural infections [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene1
- Reduced angiogenic gene expression in morbillivirus-triggered oncolysis in a translational model for histiocytic sarcoma. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
Immune4
- It thus appears that protective natural immunity to morbilliviruses requires both humoral and cellular components of the adaptive immune system. (biomedcentral.com)
- Measles is an infection that affects the immune system, respiratory system, and skin. (kidsnaija.com)
- The virus weakens the human immune system, which can lead to a number of diseases, including middle ear infections, inflammations of the respiratory tract or lungs. (prevent-and-protect.com)
- Measles also causes an approximately six-week-long immune deficiency, which can lead to infection with further diseases. (prevent-and-protect.com)
Diseases4
- HHV-4, also known as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes the primary infection infectious mononucleosis , and it is implicated in various diseases, such as African Burkitt lymphoma , other immunoproliferative disorders, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
- Oral lesions of coxackie virus infection must be differentiated from other diseases causing oral lesions such as leukoplakia and herpes simplex virus infection. (wikidoc.org)
- Because vitamin A helps the body fight against diseases and infections, a child who is vitamin A-deficient will not be able to repel the virus. (kidsnaija.com)
- In developing countries, the infection is particularly widespread: in Africa and Asia, measles remains among the ten most common infectious diseases. (prevent-and-protect.com)
Immunity3
- In infection with the morbillivirus prototype measles virus (MeV), cellular and humoral immunity contribute to protection. (biomedcentral.com)
- Some babies receive passive immunity from their mothers through the placenta and during breastfeeding, but it's not always enough to protect them from measles infection. (kidsnaija.com)
- Survivors of Morbilliviruses often develop lifelong immunity against the virus. (kidsnaija.com)
Dolphins5
- The presence of morbillivirus-specific serum antibodies was examined by an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) and virus neutralization tests in serum samples from 30 dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), 8 long-snouted common dolphins (Delphinus capensis), 2 inshore and 6 offshore bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and 20 Burmeister's porpoises (Phocoena spinipinnis) taken in fisheries off central Peru in 1993-1995. (porpoise.org)
- No convincing morbillivirus-specific antibody positive reactions were detected in the sera from either the Burmeister's porpoises or the inshore bottlenose dolphins. (porpoise.org)
- Prevalence and pathology of lungworm infection in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from southwest Florida. (vin.com)
- Since dolphins in the open ocean are free-ranging, no methods currently exist to stop or slow transmission, prevent infection, or cure infected individuals. (uga.edu)
- Of the 33 dolphins tested, 32 are either suspected or confirmed cases of morbillivirus. (wtkr.com)
Encephalitis1
- A rare, slowly progressive encephalitis caused by chronic infection with the MEASLES VIRUS. (rush.edu)
Virus12
- Her most significant scientific contributions have included the identification of determinants of virulence amongst feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates, the development of methods to confirm FIV and feline leukaemia virus infections in diagnostic samples, the identification of vaccine-induced enhancement of FIV infection and elucidation of the mechanism of protection induced by whole inactivated FIV vaccines. (gla.ac.uk)
- In collaboration with Dr. Veronika von Messling from the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, the researchers tested the drug by turning to a virus very closely related to measles virus, the canine distemper virus, which causes a highly lethal infection in ferrets. (sciencedaily.com)
- [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
- While the virus is known to infect many breeds of horses, the rate of infection varies widely, usually being highest in Standardbreds and Warmbloods. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Infected stallions can become carriers and readily spread the infection due to the fact that the virus is continually shed in the semen. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Mesenchymal to epithelial transition driven by canine distemper virus infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells contributes to a reduced cell motility in vitro. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
- Intratumoral Canine Distemper Virus Infection Inhibits Tumor Growth by Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Xenograft Model of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
- Oxidative Stress in Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Induced by an Infection with Canine Distemper Virus Led to a Dysregulation of HIF-1α Downstream Pathway Resulting in a Reduced Expression of VEGF-B in vitro. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
- Persistent Infection of a Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cell Line with Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Vasostatin or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
- There have been sporadic reports of infections in pet cats in COVID-households, which demonstrates that cats are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and could act as virus reservoirs. (gla.ac.uk)
- Measles virus, the cause of measles, is classified as a Morbillivirus. (texaschildrens.org)
- Variante defectuosa del VIRUS DEL SARAMPIÓN que se ha aislado en tejido encefálico de pacientes con panencefalitis esclerosante subaguda. (bvsalud.org)
Rubella1
- 1 230 141 (10 803), 0.9%] with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella infection in week 14. (who.int)
Viruses1
- Forty three countries performed standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for confirming suspected cases of pathogens such as Morbillivirus responsible of measles through the detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and 30 countries had at least polymerase chain reaction (PCR) capacity for detection of influenza viruses. (bvsalud.org)
Contagious2
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (infection with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. (unog.ch)
- It is important to know a child is contagious about four days before the rash appears and can pass the infection to others before they even know they have measles. (texaschildrens.org)
Vaccination1
- Evaluation of mucoadhesive property and the effect of gum on intranasal vaccination against small ruminant morbillivirus infection (PPR). (boswellia.org)
Develops1
- The skin becomes hard, thick, and wrinkled and develops cracks that allow bacterial infections to develop. (merckvetmanual.com)
Populations1
- To date, there is no evidence of infection in populations of wild horses. (msdvetmanual.com)
Clinical1
- During this outbreak, infected horses showed atypical signs of HeV infections, with clinical features of a more neurologic nature ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
Outcome1
- The outcome of such a cross-infection phenomenon could be catastrophic. (uga.edu)
Chronic Infection1
- C values were t consistently lower in breast milk than in blood when tested concomitantly, but in this case, breast milk samples were Chronic Infection of Domestic not collected until day 6. (cdc.gov)
Findings1
- Our findings provide evidence that PDV infections increased in harbor seals along the North Atlantic coast of the U.S. in 2006, and PDV likely played a role in a UME that involved harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), harp seals ( Phoca groenlandica ), hooded seals ( Cystophora cristata ), and gray seals ( Halichoerus grypus ). (aquaticmammalsjournal.org)