Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Kidney
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hydronephrosis
Ureteral Obstruction
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Faculty, Medical
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Research
Mechlorethamine
Postnatal development and progression of renal dysplasia in cyclooxygenase-2 null mice. (1/34)
BACKGROUND: Genetic ablation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) resulted in cystic renal dysplasia and early death in adult mice. The ontologic development of the renal pathology and the biochemical and physiological abnormalities associated with the dysplasia are unknown. METHODS: Mice homozygous for a targeted deletion of COX-2 (-/-) were compared with wild-type littermates (+/+). Somatic and kidney growth and renal histology were studied at the day of birth and at a number of postnatal ages. Systolic blood pressure, urinalysis, urine osmolality, serum and urine chemistries, and inulin clearance were evaluated in adult animals. RESULTS: Beginning at postnatal day 10 (PN10), kidney growth was suppressed in -/- animals, while somatic growth and heart growth were unaffected. By PN10, -/- kidneys had thin nephrogenic cortexes and crowded, small, subcapsular glomeruli. The pathology increased with age with progressive outer cortical dysplasia, cystic subcapsular glomeruli, loss of proximal tubular mass, and tubular atrophy and cyst formation. Adult -/- kidneys had profound diffuse tubular cyst formation, outer cortical glomerular hypoplasia and periglomerular fibrosis, inner cortical nephron hypertrophy, and diffuse interstitial fibrosis. The glomerular filtration rate was reduced by more than 50% in -/- animals (6.82 +/- 0.65 mL/min/kg) compared with wild-type controls (14.7 +/- 1.01 mL/min/kg, P < 0. 001). Plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were elevated in null animals compared with controls. Blood pressure, urinalysis, urine osmolality, and other plasma chemistries were unaffected by the deletion of COX-2. CONCLUSIONS: Deficiency of COX-2 results in progressive and specific renal architectural disruption and functional deterioration beginning in the final phases of nephrogenesis. Tissue-specific and time-dependent expression of COX-2 appears necessary for normal postnatal renal development and the maintenance of normal renal architecture and function. (+info)Multicystic dysplastic kidney and Kallmann's syndrome: a new association? (2/34)
BACKGROUND: Kallmann's syndrome is characterized by anosmia and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Radiographic studies of teenagers and older subjects with the X-linked form of the syndrome have shown that up to 40% have an absent kidney unilaterally. Although this has been attributed to renal "agenesis", a condition in which the kidney fails to form, little is known about the appearance of the developing urinary tract either pre- or post-natally in individuals with Kallmann's syndrome. METHODS: We describe two brothers who had features of Kallmann's syndrome, most probably of the X-linked variety, who both had a major urinary-tract malformation detected before birth. RESULTS: The brothers were found to have unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidneys on routine antenatal ultrasound scanning and both underwent surgical nephrectomy of these organs post-natally. Immunohistochemical studies on the younger sibling revealed hyperproliferative dysplastic kidney tubules which overexpressed PAX2, a potentially oncogenic transcription factor, and BCL2, a cell-survival factor, surrounded by metaplastic, alpha smooth-muscle actin-positive stroma: similar patterns have been observed in patients with non-syndromic multicystic dysplastic kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: Our results describe a new type of urinary-tract malformation associated with Kallmann's syndrome. However, since multicystic kidneys tend to involute, only when more Kallmann's syndrome patients are screened in utero or in early childhood using structural renal scans, will it be possible to establish whether multicystic kidney disease is a bona-fide part of the syndrome. (+info)Deficiency of phospholipase C-gamma1 impairs renal development and hematopoiesis. (3/34)
Phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) is involved in a variety of intracellular signaling via many growth factor receptors and T-cell receptor. To explore the role of PLC-gamma1 in vivo, we generated the PLC-gamma1-deficient (plc-gamma1(-/-)) mice, which died of growth retardation at embryonic day 8.5-9.5 in utero. Therefore, we examined plc-gamma1(-/-) chimeric mice generated with plc-gamma1(-/-) embryonic stem (ES) cells for further study. Pathologically, plc-gamma1(-/-) chimeras showed multicystic kidney due to severe renal dysplasia and renal tube dilation. Flow cytometric analysis and glucose phosphate isomerase assay revealed very few hematopoietic cells derived from the plc-gamma1(-/-) ES cells in the mutant chimeras. However, differentiation of plc-gamma1(-/-) ES cells into erythrocytes and monocytes/macrophages in vitro was observed to a lesser extent compared with control wild-type ES cells. These data suggest that PLC-gamma1 plays an essential role in the renal development and hematopoiesis in vivo. (+info)Unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney: a combined pre- and postnatal assessment. (4/34)
OBJECTIVE: To review the prenatal assessment of associated renal pathology, non-renal pathology and renal biometry, fetal outcome and postnatal urological management in the presence of unilateral fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney. METHODS: A total of 38 singleton pregnancies with fetal unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney was studied over a 13-year period. Prenatally, fetal biometry, including head and abdominal circumferences and largest longitudinal diameter of the affected and contralateral kidneys, was performed. The amount of amniotic fluid was assessed. Fetal karyotyping was offered in cases of contralateral renal or non-renal pathology. A MAG 3 scan and voiding cystogram was performed approximately 4 weeks after delivery to establish renal function and to exclude urinary reflux. RESULTS: Unilateral fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney was left-sided in 53% and right-sided in 47% of cases. The fetus was male in 63% and female in 37% of cases. Associated renal and non-renal pathology existed in 21% and 5% of cases, respectively. The fetal karyotype in these subsets was always normal. The longitudinal diameter of the multicystic dysplastic kidney was above the 95th centile in 87%. There was polyhydramnios in three cases and oligohydramnios in two cases. The prematurity rate was 16%. Postnatal examination revealed a non-functional multicystic kidney in 87% (33/38) of cases. Following surgical removal of the affected kidney, these infants progressed normally. Of the remaining five infants, four died because of associated anomalies and one infant developed normally without surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal outcome is determined by associated renal and/or non-renal structural pathology and not by the size/location of the unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney or amniotic fluid volume. (+info)Risk of Wilms' tumour with multicystic kidney disease: a systematic review. (5/34)
BACKGROUND: Children with multicystic kidney disease (MCKD) are increasingly managed conservatively and are followed up throughout childhood because they are perceived to be at increased risk of developing Wilms' tumour. With this risk still poorly defined and somewhat controversial, the strategy and the duration of follow up do not seem to be based on evidence. METHODS: Systematic review of the literature for all published cohort studies (prospective and retrospective) of children diagnosed to have unilateral MCKD and managed conservatively. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: bilateral MCKD, nephrectomy (not for malignancy) during the follow up period. We estimated for children with MCKD the probability of developing Wilms' tumour during the follow up period, with 95% CI using the Poisson distribution. RESULTS: From 26 reviewed studies, no cases of Wilms' tumour developed in 1041 eligible children. The mean probability of a child with unilateral MCKD to develop Wilms' was therefore nil, with a 97.5% upper CI estimated at 0.0035 (or 3.5 per 1000 children). CONCLUSION: The development of a national or a European registry for children with MCKD would increase the precision of their risk estimate to develop Wilms' tumour. In the meantime, there is no evidence to support any of the different modalities for following up these children by ultrasound, if indeed such a strategy is necessary. (+info)Concomitant anomalies in 100 children with unilateral multicystic kidney. (6/34)
OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and type of associated urogenital anomalies in children with a unilateral multicystic kidney and to assess in children with nephrectomy the additional diagnostic value of cystoscopy and, in girls, of colposcopy. METHODS: This was a follow-up study of 100 fetuses with antenatally detected unilateral multicystic kidneys. After ultrasound confirmation of the diagnosis within a few days after birth voiding cystourethrography and isotope scan were performed in 83 of the surviving children to exclude vesicoureteral reflux and to establish renal function. Eighty-one children underwent nephrectomy and, prior to surgery, all underwent cystoscopy and girls also underwent colposcopy. RESULTS: Seventy-five children had one or more additional urogenital anomalies: 39 had anomalies of the contralateral kidney, 40 had anomalies of the ipsilateral kidney and 30 had one or more anomalies of the lower urogenital tract. With cystoscopy 54 anomalies of the genitourinary tract were detected in 48 children and with colposcopy three anomalies were detected in 35 girls. Eighty-one children had a nephrectomy or heminephrectomy and 33 of them needed other urological intervention. Thirteen fetuses died (mostly from agenesis of the contralateral kidney) and six infants had no surgery at all. CONCLUSION: Children with a unilateral multicystic kidney are at considerable risk of having other urogenital anomalies. When cystoscopy and colposcopy are added to routine investigations the rate of detection of anomalies is 75%, twice that reported in the literature. (+info)The sensitivity of antenatal ultrasound for predicting renal tract surgery in early childhood. (7/34)
OBJECTIVE: To establish the sensitivity of antenatal ultrasound for identifying the need for renal tract surgery in infancy and early childhood. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the surgical records in children under 5 years of age undergoing renal tract surgery in a regional pediatric urological surgery referral unit was carried out. All records between May 1997 and July 2002 were examined to assess the relationship between prenatal ultrasound findings and postnatal surgical pathology. RESULTS: A total of 106 operations had been performed. The detection rate of multicystic renal dysplasia was 100% (17/17). The equivalent detection rates for pelviureteral junction obstruction, duplex renal system and vesicoureteral reflux were 82.8, 67 and 26.1%, respectively. None of the babies with renal tumors had abnormal antenatal ultrasound findings. The diagnosis of postnatal renal surgical pathology was made on the basis of prenatal scan findings in 59.6% of cases, while recurrent urinary tract infection led to the diagnosis in 26.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 40% of children requiring surgery for renal tract pathology will have a normal antenatal ultrasound examination. The prevalence of abnormal antenatal ultrasound findings varies depending on the type of renal tract pathology. Despite these findings, the commonest indicator for surgery remains abnormal prenatal scan findings, followed by recurrent urinary tract infections. (+info)Risk of hypertension with multicystic kidney disease: a systematic review. (8/34)
BACKGROUND: Children with multicystic kidney disease (MCKD) are increasingly managed conservatively, and are followed up throughout childhood because of the risk of hypertension highlighted in some reports. With this risk still poorly defined, the strategy and the duration of follow up do not seem to be based on evidence. METHODS: Systematic review of the literature for all published cohort studies (prospective and retrospective) of children diagnosed to have unilateral MCKD and managed conservatively. Exclusion criteria were bilateral MCKD, and nephrectomy (not for hypertension) during the follow up period. For children with MCKD, the probability of developing hypertension during the follow up period was estimated. RESULTS: From 29 reviewed studies, six cases of hypertension developed in 1115 eligible children. The mean probability of a child with unilateral MCKD developing hypertension was therefore 5.4 per 1000 (95% CI estimated at 1.9 to 11.7 per 1000). CONCLUSION: Although the risk of hypertension in MCKD is low, the results of this study do not allow firm recommendations on the frequency and duration of blood pressure measurement follow up for these children. Large prospective cohort studies with a very long duration of follow up are needed. (+info)Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) is a congenital kidney disorder, which means it is present at birth. It occurs when the kidney doesn't develop properly and forms one or more non-functioning cysts. The kidney with MCDK is usually small and has abnormally shaped cysts that can be seen on an ultrasound.
In a normal kidney, the renal pelvis (the central part of the kidney where urine collects) and the calyces (the smaller cups that receive urine from the renal tubules) are shaped like funnels to help direct urine into the ureter and then to the bladder. However, in a dysplastic kidney, these structures don't form correctly and instead develop as cysts of various sizes.
MCDK is usually unilateral (occurring in one kidney), but it can be bilateral (occurring in both kidneys), which is a more serious condition because it can lead to kidney failure. Most cases of MCDK are discovered prenatally during routine ultrasounds, and if the other kidney is normal, no treatment is necessary. The affected kidney will shrink over time and may disappear entirely. However, regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor kidney function and overall health.
A kidney, in medical terms, is one of two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back region of the body. They are essential for maintaining homeostasis within the body by performing several crucial functions such as:
1. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance: Kidneys help regulate the amount of water and various electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium in the bloodstream to maintain a stable internal environment.
2. Excretion of waste products: They filter waste products from the blood, including urea (a byproduct of protein metabolism), creatinine (a breakdown product of muscle tissue), and other harmful substances that result from normal cellular functions or external sources like medications and toxins.
3. Endocrine function: Kidneys produce several hormones with important roles in the body, such as erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production), renin (regulates blood pressure), and calcitriol (activated form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium homeostasis).
4. pH balance regulation: Kidneys maintain the proper acid-base balance in the body by excreting either hydrogen ions or bicarbonate ions, depending on whether the blood is too acidic or too alkaline.
5. Blood pressure control: The kidneys play a significant role in regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which constricts blood vessels and promotes sodium and water retention to increase blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.
Anatomically, each kidney is approximately 10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, and 3 cm thick, with a weight of about 120-170 grams. They are surrounded by a protective layer of fat and connected to the urinary system through the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys. These cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can vary in size and can multiply, leading to enlarged kidneys. The increased size and number of cysts can result in reduced kidney function, high blood pressure, and eventually kidney failure.
There are two main types of PKD: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) and Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD). ADPKD is the most common form, affecting approximately 1 in every 500 people. It typically develops in adulthood. On the other hand, ARPKD is a rarer form, affecting about 1 in every 20,000 children, and it often presents in infancy or early childhood.
In addition to kidney problems, PKD can also affect other organs, such as the liver and the heart. It's important to note that while there is no cure for PKD, various treatments can help manage symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease.
The kidney pelvis, also known as the renal pelvis, is the funnel-shaped part of the upper end of the ureter in the kidney. It receives urine from the minor and major calyces, which are extensions of the renal collecting tubules, and then drains it into the ureter, which carries it to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination from the body. The kidney pelvis is lined with transitional epithelium, which is designed to stretch and accommodate changes in urine volume.
Hydronephrosis is a medical condition characterized by the swelling of one or both kidneys due to the accumulation of urine. This occurs when the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder is obstructed, causing urine to back up into the kidney. The obstruction can be caused by various factors such as kidney stones, tumors, or congenital abnormalities. If left untreated, hydronephrosis can lead to serious complications including kidney damage and infection. It is typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
Ureteral obstruction is a medical condition characterized by the partial or complete blockage of the ureter, which is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. This blockage can be caused by various factors such as kidney stones, tumors, blood clots, or scar tissue, leading to a backup of urine in the kidney (hydronephrosis). Ureteral obstruction can cause pain, infection, and potential kidney damage if not treated promptly.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
I apologize for any confusion, but "students" is not a medical term. It refers to individuals who are engaged in studying or learning at an educational institution, such as a school, college, or university. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help clarify those for you.
The term "Faculty, Medical" generally refers to the faculty members who are involved in medical education and training within a medical school or academic institution. These individuals are responsible for teaching and instructing medical students, residents, and fellows in various areas of medical knowledge and clinical skills. They may hold positions such as professor, associate professor, assistant professor, or instructor, and they may specialize in a particular area of medicine such as internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, or psychiatry. Medical faculty members may also be involved in research, patient care, and administrative duties within the institution.
In a medical context, "faculty" most commonly refers to the inherent abilities or powers of a normal functioning part of the body or mind. For example, one might speak of the "faculties of perception" to describe the senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. It can also refer to the teaching staff or body of instructors at a medical school or other educational institution. Additionally, it can be used more generally to mean a capability or skill, as in "the faculty of quick thinking."
I'm assuming you are asking for a definition of "medical students." Here it is:
Medical students are individuals who are enrolled in a program of study to become medical doctors. They typically complete four years of undergraduate education before entering a medical school, where they spend another four years studying basic sciences and clinical medicine. After completing medical school, they become physicians (M.D.) and continue their training through residency programs in their chosen specialties. Some medical students may choose to pursue a research career and complete a Ph.D. during or after medical school.
Research, in the context of medicine, is a systematic and rigorous process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information in order to increase our understanding, develop new knowledge, or evaluate current practices and interventions. It can involve various methodologies such as observational studies, experiments, surveys, or literature reviews. The goal of medical research is to advance health care by identifying new treatments, improving diagnostic techniques, and developing prevention strategies. Medical research is typically conducted by teams of researchers including clinicians, scientists, and other healthcare professionals. It is subject to ethical guidelines and regulations to ensure that it is conducted responsibly and with the best interests of patients in mind.
Mechlorethamine is an antineoplastic agent, which means it is used to treat cancer. It is a type of alkylating agent, which is a class of drugs that work by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Mechlorethamine is used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as some other types of cancer. It can be administered intravenously or topically (as a cream) to treat skin lesions caused by certain types of cancer.
Mechlorethamine is a potent drug that can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and an increased risk of infection due to suppression of the immune system. It can also cause damage to the heart, lungs, and reproductive system with long-term use. As with all chemotherapy drugs, mechlorethamine should be administered under the close supervision of a healthcare professional.
In the context of medicine, "publications" typically refers to the dissemination of research findings or other medical information through various forms of media. This can include:
1. Peer-reviewed journals: These are scientific or medical publications that undergo a rigorous review process by experts in the field before they are accepted for publication. They represent some of the most reliable sources of medical information.
2. Conference proceedings: Medical conferences often publish abstracts, presentations, or posters from the event. These can provide early insights into ongoing research and new developments in the field.
3. Books and book chapters: Medical texts and reference books are a common form of publication, offering comprehensive overviews of specific topics or conditions.
4. Online platforms: Websites, blogs, and social media platforms have become increasingly popular ways to share medical information. While these can be valuable resources, it's important to critically evaluate the quality and reliability of the information presented.
5. News articles and press releases: Media outlets may report on new medical research or developments, although these should also be approached with caution as they may not always accurately represent the findings or context of the original research.
It's worth noting that all publications should be evaluated based on their source, methodology, and relevance to the specific question or issue at hand.
Multicystic dysplastic kidney - Wikipedia
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) | Lurie Children's
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MCDK11
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a condition that results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development. (wikipedia.org)
- In regard to the epidemiology of multicystic dysplasia kidney, the incidence of MCDK is estimated to be 1 in every 4,000 live births, making it rare in terms of the general population. (wikipedia.org)
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital maldevelopment in which the renal cortex is malformed and characterized by numerous cysts of multiple sizes. (medscape.com)
- MCDK should not be confused with polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) or other renal cystic diseases. (medscape.com)
- [ 11 ] The Urology Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics established the National Multicystic Kidney Registry, which is a large, multicenter, longitudinal database that has helped clarify the appropriate management of MCDK. (medscape.com)
- Radionuclide imaging can be used to further differentiate the hydronephrotic form of MCDK from an obstruction in a functioning, severely hydronephrotic kidney. (medscape.com)
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is one of the common renal cystic diseases that are identified as congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. (biomedcentral.com)
- for instance, the Multicystic Kidney Registry reported mild hypertension in 4 out of 260 individuals (1.5%) with MCDK [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- A Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital, renal, cystic transformation usually diagnosed perinatally with 1:1000-4,000 incidence1. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- A Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney (MCDK) is a congenital, renal, cystic transformation usually diagnosed perinatally with 1:1000 to 4,000 incidence1. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- MCDK represents abnormal development or formation of the kidney and may involve part, or all of, one or both kidneys. (medscape.com)
Cysts9
- The kidney consists of irregular cysts of varying sizes. (wikipedia.org)
- The result is a kidney consisting of irregular cysts of varying sizes, resembling a bunch of grapes. (luriechildrens.org)
- There are also some diseases which cause kidney cysts. (medlineplus.gov)
- In PKD, many cysts grow in the kidneys. (medlineplus.gov)
- Unlike PKD, the kidneys are normal sized, and cysts do not form in other parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
- Renal dysplasia (REE-nul dis-PLAY-zhee-uh) is a condition in which one or both of a baby's kidneys develop abnormally in the womb, often causing cysts (fluid-filled sacs) to replace normal kidney tissue. (akronchildrens.org)
- Instead, the urine collects inside the kidney and forms cysts. (akronchildrens.org)
- Ultrasonography demonstrated various cysts in left kidney with irregular content, suggesting dysplastic multicystic kidney. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
- During surgery presence of multiple cysts in the left kidney with caseous aspect, left ureter obstruction with caseous content in the lumen and bladder mucosa with friable and thickened wall were found. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
Hydronephrosis2
- Hydronephrosis is usually caused by obstruction of the free flow of urine from the kidney. (abdominalkey.com)
- It is important to understand that hydronephrosis does not always mean there is obstruction to the flow of urine from the kidney and hydronephrosis is a secondary effect of some other disease. (abdominalkey.com)
Dysplasia8
- Multicystic Renal Dysplasia at eMedicine Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney Imaging at eMedicine Seseke, F. (2003). (wikipedia.org)
- With renal dysplasia, this process is disrupted, and urine can't flow out of the affected kidney as it's supposed to. (akronchildrens.org)
- Usually, renal dysplasia is found in only one kidney, but in some cases, both kidneys may be affected. (akronchildrens.org)
- Most kids with renal dysplasia in only one kidney require no treatment and don't experience any problems or complications as a result of the condition. (akronchildrens.org)
- Renal hypoplasia is a congenitally small kidney without dysplasia and can be bilateral or unilateral (see Fig. 33 ). (cdc.gov)
- Be sure not to confuse this condition with multicystic dysplastic kidney or multicystic renal dysplasia. (cdc.gov)
- Distinguish renal agenesis from other kidney anomalies (multicystic dysplasia and polycystic renal disease). (cdc.gov)
- He was diagnosed with Acute Renal Failure, with one Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney and Renal Dysplasia, conditions which meant his kidneys hadn't developed properly and a kidney transplant was inevitable. (c103.ie)
Fetal multicystic1
- Magnetic resonance imaging for the mother revealed fetal renal masses, and fetal multicystic dysplastic kidney was suspected. (biomedcentral.com)
Bladder6
- Kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) images of an infant with a right multicystic dysplastic kidney demonstrate displacement of bowel loops away from the right abdomen. (medscape.com)
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in Children A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection of the urinary bladder ( cystitis), the kidneys ( pyelonephritis), or both. (merckmanuals.com)
- Ureters The ureters are muscular tubes-about 16 inches (40 centimeters) long-that attach at their upper end to the kidneys and at their lower end to the bladder. (merckmanuals.com)
- Kidneys filter waste products from the blood to form urine (pee), which flows from the kidneys to the bladder through thin tubes called ureters. (akronchildrens.org)
- An Integrated clinic for the full spectrum of bladder and kidney conditions of infancy, childhood & youth (our Nephro-urology clinic is staffed by Nephrologists and Urologists). (monashchildrenshospital.org)
- The ureters are paired muscular ducts with narrow lumina that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. (medscape.com)
Urine5
- Mean age at the time of antenatal diagnosis is about 28 weeks A microscopic analysis of urine in individuals with probable multicystic dysplastic kidney should be done. (wikipedia.org)
- Types of Kidney Defects There are several different birth defects that affect the kidneys (the two organs that filter waste from the blood to make urine). (merckmanuals.com)
- Blockage of urine flow also can raise the pressure inside the kidneys and damage them over time. (merckmanuals.com)
- Normally, when a fetus is developing, ureters grow into kidneys and branch out to form the network that collects urine. (akronchildrens.org)
- Obstruction occurring in the lower urinary tract can also cause this increased pressure through efflux of urine into the kidney. (abdominalkey.com)
Malformation of the kidney2
- [ 6 ] Multicystic dysplastic kidney is the most common cause of an abdominal mass in the newborn and is the most common cystic malformation of the kidney in infants. (medscape.com)
- Lindsay was 20 weeks pregnant when they found out Liam had a fatal case of multicystic dysplastic kidney, which results from the malformation of the kidney during fetal development. (hamiltonhealthsciences.ca)
Unilateral3
- Renal agenesis is a complete absence of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) kidneys, whereas in renal aplasia the kidney has failed to develop beyond its most primitive form. (cdc.gov)
- Unilateral renal agenesis or hypoplasia may be clinically silent at delivery if the contralateral kidney is functional, such that the diagnosis may occur months or years after birth (if at all). (cdc.gov)
- Congenital absence of one or both kidneys, known as unilateral or bilateral renal agenesis , can occur. (wikidoc.org)
Anomalies3
- [ 12 ] It can occur in a segment of a duplicated kidney or in renal fusion anomalies. (medscape.com)
- The purpose of this article is to review the main congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract that can be diagnosed prenatally and postnatally by imaging technique. (biolifesas.org)
- The incidence of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract during the past decade has been estimated to be 0.4 to 4.0 cases per 1000 births. (biolifesas.org)
Ureter2
- On this medial aspect of each kidney is an opening, called the hilum , which admits the renal artery , the renal vein , nerves , and the ureter . (wikidoc.org)
- The ureter then continues anteriorly on the psoas major muscle, crossing under the gonadal vein at the level of the inferior pole of the kidney. (medscape.com)
Cystic3
- Multicystic dysplastic kidney is a common type of renal cystic disease, and it is a cause of an abdominal mass in infants. (wikipedia.org)
- Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) happens in people who have chronic kidney disease , especially if they are on dialysis. (medlineplus.gov)
- See also Overview of Cystic Kidney. (msdmanuals.com)
Ureters1
- The contents of retroperitoneum include connective tissue, adrenals, kidneys, ureters, aorta and its branches, inferior vena cava and its tributaries and lymph nodes. (waocp.com)
Abdominal mass1
- Methods: Patient 1: 26th week, diagnosis of left fetal abdominal mass (suspected multicystic-dysplastic kidney). (unicatt.it)
Ureteral1
- Absence of the ureteric bud leads to renal agenesis, whereas incomplete ingrowth or ureteral atresia results in multicystic dysplastic kidney. (medscape.com)
Obstructive1
- In this special issue, Researchers and Specialist Registrars of University of Catania, Catanzaro and Messina (ITALY) focused on nephron-urological abnormalities in children, ranging from glomerular (nephrosic and Alport syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis) and urologic diseases (multicystic dysplastic kidney, obstructive pathologies and stones). (biolifesas.org)
Ureteric1
- The kidney is innervated by the renal and ureteric nerve , which arises from the renal plexus . (wikidoc.org)
Diagnosis2
- When a diagnosis of multicystic kidney is made in utero by ultrasound, the disease is found to be bilateral in many cases. (wikipedia.org)
- Diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease may be difficult, especially without a family history. (msdmanuals.com)
Pathologies1
- Many non-neoplastic lesions also arise from retroperitoneum such as pathologies of kidneys, bowel, appendix, pancreas, tubercular lymph node or infection from a tuberculous vertebra. (waocp.com)
Nephrology2
- The medical field that studies the kidneys and diseases of the kidney is called nephrology [1] . (wikidoc.org)
- The Monash Children's Hospital Department of Nephrology provides expert management and treatment of kidney diseases in children. (monashchildrenshospital.org)
Tumors1
- In most cases, there will be a solitary tumor in one kidney, but 5-13% of children have bilateral tumors and 10% have multifocal tumors in a single kidney. (medscape.com)
Contralateral kidney1
- The contralateral kidney often undergoes hypertrophy. (wikipedia.org)
Abnormal2
- The mechanism of multicystic dysplastic kidney is a result of an abnormal induction of metanephric mesenchyme. (wikipedia.org)
- A number of birth defects may result in abnormal kidneys. (merckmanuals.com)
Complications1
- Patients are observed unless complications arise directly from the kidney or its associated conditions. (medscape.com)
Liver3
- Comorbidities such as chronic diseases (diabetes, chronic lung disease, the liver or kidney disease) or immunosuppression. (diseasesdic.com)
- the right kidney sits just below the liver , the left below the diaphragm and adjacent to the spleen . (wikidoc.org)
- The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity caused by the liver results in the right kidney being slightly lower than the left one while the left kidney is located slightly more medial. (wikidoc.org)
Hypertrophy1
- Hypertrophy of the solitary kidney occurred in 71,7% of cases. (medscape.com)
Defect1
- 2. Ozkan H , Cetinkaya M , Köksal N , Yapici S . Severe fetal valproate syndrome: combination of complex cardiac defect, multicystic dysplastic kidney, and trigonocephaly. (medicalopedia.org)
Nephrectomy1
- Nephrectomy has been utilized to improve blood pressure and prepare for kidney transplantation in the pediatric population. (bvsalud.org)
Urinary Tract Dis2
- Evaluation of Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders A doctor obtains a medical history by interviewing a person. (merckmanuals.com)
- www.infokid.org.uk is a UK-based information resource on a variety of kidney and urinary tract disorders, investigations and treatments. (monashchildrenshospital.org)
Infants1
- Contralateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction is found in 3% to 12% of infants with multicystic kidney and contralateral vesicoureteral reflux is seen even more often, in 18% to 43% of infants. (wikipedia.org)
ADPKD1
- Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a hereditary disorder of renal cyst formation causing gradual enlargement of both kidneys, sometimes with progression to renal failure. (msdmanuals.com)
Dialysis4
- They include medicines and lifestyle changes, and if there is kidney failure, dialysis or kidney transplants . (medlineplus.gov)
- those who do need dialysis treatment and a kidney transplant early in life. (akronchildrens.org)
- Dialysis is a treatment option for children who are experiencing kidney failure. (biolifesas.org)
- Continuous haemofiltration, haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis for acute renal (kidney) failure. (monashchildrenshospital.org)
Patients1
- In a study of ultrasound and laboratory findings in Wilms tumor survivors with a solitary kidney, signs of kidney damage were seen in 22 of 53 patients (41.5%) on ultrasonography. (medscape.com)
Obstruction1
- Obstruction that occurs anywhere along the upper urinary tract will lead to increased pressure within the kidney. (abdominalkey.com)
Autosomal Dominant1
- Symptoms of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are usually not present until adulthood. (msdmanuals.com)
Left kidney4
- Numerous investigations revealed that the left kidney was non-functional, and she was initiated on benazepril hydrochloride. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, because the drug response was poor, the left kidney was removed at the age of 7 months. (biomedcentral.com)
- Since the kidneys are located on different heights, the upper pole of the right kidney is at the same level as the hilum of the left kidney. (wikidoc.org)
- Scintigraphy showed functional exclusion of the left kidney. (pediatricurologycasereports.com)
Organs4
- Kidneys The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that figure prominently in the urinary tract. (merckmanuals.com)
- Defects can develop in the Kidneys-the two organs that filter waste from. (merckmanuals.com)
- The kidneys are complex organs that have numerous of biological roles. (wikidoc.org)
- The kidneys are "bean-shaped" organs, and have a concave side facing inwards (medially). (wikidoc.org)
Abdomen2
- In the fetus, kidneys first develop in the pelvis and then move up and rotate into their normal location in the upper abdomen. (merckmanuals.com)
- In humans , the kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen . (wikidoc.org)
Bilateral1
- Bilateral renal hypoplasia might or might not be recognized after delivery, depending on the severity and degree of residual kidney function. (cdc.gov)