Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Munchausen Syndrome
Asphyxia
Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea
Factitious Disorders
Child Abuse
Poisoning
Malingering
Unnatural sudden infant death. (1/31)
AIM: To identify features to help paediatricians differentiate between natural and unnatural infant deaths. METHOD: Clinical features of 81 children judged by criminal and family courts to have been killed by their parents were studied. Health and social service records, court documents, and records from meetings with parents, relatives, and social workers were studied. RESULTS: Initially, 42 children had been certified as dying from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and 29 were given another cause of natural death. In 24 families, more than one child died; 58 died before the age of 6 months and most died in the afternoon or evening. Seventy per cent had experienced unexplained illnesses; over half were admitted to hospital within the previous month, and 15 had been discharged within 24 hours of death. The mother, father, or both were responsible for death in 43, five, and two families, respectively. Most homes were disadvantaged--no regular income, receiving income support--and mothers smoked. Half the perpetrators had a history of somatising or factitious disorder. Death was usually by smothering and 43% of children had bruises, petechiae, or blood on the face. CONCLUSIONS: Although certain features are indicative of unnatural infant death, some are also associated with SIDS. Despite the recent reduction in numbers of infants dying suddenly, inadequacies in the assessment of their deaths exist. Until a thorough postmortem examination is combined with evaluation of the history and circumstances of death by an experienced paediatrician, most cases of covert fatal abuse will go undetected. The term SIDS requires revision or abandonment. (+info)Outcome of psychiatric intervention in factitious illness by proxy (Munchausen's syndrome by proxy). (2/31)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome for children after psychiatric intervention in cases of factitious illness by proxy. METHODS: All 17 children from 16 families, selected for admission to the Park Hospital Oxford family unit 1992-96 were followed up after a mean of 27 months. Information was obtained on the children and their carers from general practitioners, social workers or both; 13 of the children and carers were interviewed. RESULTS: All patients were at the severe end of the abuse spectrum; 12 involving direct induction of illness, 1 tampering with samples to mimic illness, and 4 fabrication of symptoms. The biological mother was the abuser in all cases. Four children and their parents had been initially admitted for assessment, and 13 for treatment to decide whether family reunification was viable. The 4 assessments clarified diagnosis, enabling improved care plans to be made. Of the 13 treatment cases, 10 were reunited with parents after a mean of 71/2 weeks' admission, whereas 3 were discharged to out of home care. There was a further episode of induced illness in 1 of the reunited children. Although some mothers had continuing mental health difficulties, only 1 of the other reunited cases had appreciable parent-child relationship difficulties (not requiring referral to psychiatric services). The children did well in their development, growth, and adjustment. CONCLUSION: Family reunification is feasible for certain cases, but long term follow up is necessary to ensure the child's safety and to identify deterioration in parent's mental health. The outcome for reunited children compared well with reported untreated cases. (+info)Deliberate sulphonylurea poisoning mimicking hyperinsulinaemia of infancy. (3/31)
A 6 month old child presenting with seizures was found to be hypoglycaemic secondary to hyperinsulinism. A family history of type II diabetes prompted estimation of sulphonylurea in the baby's blood, which was found to be high. A multidisciplinary case conference concluded that the sulphonylurea ingestion was likely to be the result of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. When investigating hypoglycaemia of infancy this possibility should be considered. (+info)Covert video surveillance continues to provoke debate. (4/31)
When the editor invites comment on a response to an analysis of a criticism of a protocol already defended by the author in this journal, the issue is clearly contentious. I will comment briefly on Thomas's paper in this issue of the journal, and look at points of agreement as well as dissent. (+info)Covert video surveillance -- a response to Professor Southall and Dr. Samuels. (5/31)
In their reply to my recent paper on Munchausen's syndrome by proxy, Professor Southall and Dr. Samuels concede that some things may be learned from my observations. They do not attend to the main argument of the paper, however, that the proportion of research interest in their use of covert video surveillance merits consideration of the research protocol by an independent research ethics committee. It will not do simply to assert that the use of this technology for the purposes outlined in their accounts is not research. I formulated arguments based on facts divulged in those published accounts for regarding their work as containing a considerable proportion of research activity. Unfortunately their reply did not address these arguments. Until such points are adequately answered the protection of patients calls for satisfactory judgments to be made on certain important issues which any research ethics committee would be obliged to consider in an evaluation of their activities. I suggest that some of these features will create more difficulties for approval of such a protocol than others. (+info)Munchausen syndrome by proxy: a case report. (6/31)
Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a serious form of child abuse, which is characterized by a child with symptoms and signs of an illness that have been fabricated by the mother. Here, we present a case of MSBP, who at four months of age was brought to our hospital by her mother because of rectal bleeding. The patient underwent many invasive procedures until the diagnosis of MSBP was finally considered. The mother reported no rectal bleeding for almost a year, during follow-up at the well-child outpatient department. At 19 months of age, another episode of rectal bleeding occurred, when a bloody diaper was presented to the attending physicians. The blood group and DNA analysis of the blood in the diaper confirmed the diagnosis. The case was reported to the social services and the patient was placed in the custody of her father's sister. The mother is still undergoing treatment in our psychiatry department. (+info)Factitious illness: recognition and management. (7/31)
An analysis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy is proposed, which involves a categorisation of parental behaviour in terms of desire to consult and ability to distinguish the child's needs from parents' own needs. The Munchausen syndrome by proxy case is proposed as one extreme of a much broader and commoner group for which the term factitious illness is used. An outline of assessment and investigation is given, applicable to all degrees of factitious illness, together with a model of collaboration between paediatrician and child psychiatrist. The role of the child psychiatrist is described. Collaboration results in a broader analysis of the situation which facilitates understanding and points the way to appropriate intervention. (+info)Attachment representations in mothers with abnormal illness behaviour by proxy. (8/31)
BACKGROUND: Abnormal illness behaviour by proxy (also known as factitious illness by proxy or Munchhausen syndrome by proxy) is a type of child maltreatment, the origins of which are poorly understood. AIMS: To describe attachment representations in a cohort of mothers demonstrating abnormal illness behaviour by proxy. METHOD: Sixty-seven mothers who had shown this behaviour took part in a semistructured interview assessing their attachment representations. RESULTS: Only 12 mothers (18%) were rated secure in terms of their own childhood attachments. There was evidence of unresolved trauma or loss reactions in 40 mothers (60%). Eighteen mothers (27%) gave unusually disorganised and incoherent accounts of attachment relationships in their own childhoods. The frequency of these attachment categories is higher than in normal non-clinical samples. CONCLUSIONS: Insecure attachment is a risk factor for this type of child maltreatment. Therapeutic interventions could be offered in relation to unresolved traumatic stress or bereavement responses. Further study of similar groups, such as mothers with sick children or mothers with histories of traumatic experience, would be a useful next step. (+info)Munchausen syndrome by proxy (also known as factitious disorder imposed on another) is a mental health disorder in which a caregiver, typically a parent or guardian, exaggerates, fabricates, or induces illness or symptoms in another person, usually their child, to gain attention and sympathy for themselves. The caregiver may manipulate the child's medical records, alter test results, or even physically harm the child to produce symptoms. This behavior can result in serious physical harm or even death of the victim. It is considered a form of child abuse and requires immediate intervention by medical professionals and law enforcement authorities.
Munchausen syndrome is a psychological disorder where an individual repeatedly and deliberately acts to simulate physical or psychological symptoms or signs, feigns disease, illness, or injury, or induces or fabricates disease, illness, or injury in themselves, with the intention to deceive others into thinking that they are ill. The person may exaggerate or lie about their symptoms, manipulate laboratory tests, or even self-inflict harm.
The primary motivation behind Munchausen syndrome is typically to assume the "sick role" and receive associated attention, sympathy, and support from medical professionals, family members, and others in their social circle. The disorder can lead to unnecessary medical treatments, hospitalizations, and surgeries, and can cause significant emotional harm to both the individual with Munchausen syndrome and their loved ones.
Munchausen syndrome is a complex and challenging condition to diagnose, as it requires a thorough evaluation of the individual's medical history, presentation of symptoms, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, psychiatric care, and support from medical professionals to help the person address the underlying motivations for their behavior and develop more adaptive coping mechanisms.
Child custody is a legal term used in family law to describe the legal and practical relationship between a parent and his/her child such as the right of the parent to make decisions for the child's welfare and/or the right and duty to physically care for the child. In cases of divorce or separation, child custody arrangements can be made either through an agreement between the parents or by court order.
There are two main types of child custody: legal custody and physical custody. Legal custody refers to the parent's right to make important decisions about the child's upbringing, such as education, healthcare, and religious training. Physical custody refers to where the child will live and which parent will be responsible for the child's daily care.
Custody may be awarded to one parent exclusively (sole custody) or shared by both parents (joint custody). In some cases, grandparents or other relatives may also seek custody of a child. The primary consideration in any child custody case is the best interests of the child.
Asphyxia is a medical condition that occurs when there is insufficient oxygen supply or excessive carbon dioxide buildup in the body, leading to impaired respiration and oxygenation of organs. This can result in unconsciousness, damage to internal organs, and potentially death if not treated promptly.
Asphyxia can be caused by various factors such as strangulation, choking, smoke inhalation, chemical exposure, or drowning. Symptoms of asphyxia may include shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, cyanosis (bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes), rapid heartbeat, confusion, and eventually loss of consciousness.
Immediate medical attention is required for individuals experiencing symptoms of asphyxia. Treatment may involve providing supplemental oxygen, removing the source of obstruction or exposure to harmful substances, and supporting respiratory function with mechanical ventilation if necessary. Prevention measures include avoiding hazardous environments, using proper safety equipment, and seeking prompt medical attention in case of suspected asphyxiation.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea is a condition characterized by the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid from the inner ear into the external auditory canal of the ear. CSF is a clear, colorless fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord. It is normally contained within the subarachnoid space, which is a space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
CSF otorrhea can occur as a result of a head injury, skull base fracture, or surgical procedure involving the ear or surrounding structures. It can also be caused by congenital defects or tumors in the area. CSF otorrhea is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention, as it can lead to meningitis or other complications if left untreated.
Diagnosis of CSF otorrhea typically involves a physical examination and testing of any fluid draining from the ear for beta-2 transferrin, a protein that is present in CSF but not in other bodily fluids. Imaging studies such as CT or MRI scans may also be used to help identify the underlying cause of the CSF leak. Treatment may involve bed rest, hydration, and antibiotics to prevent infection. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the site of the CSF leak.
Factitious disorders are a group of mental health conditions in which a person deliberately acts as if they have a physical or mental illness when they are not actually experiencing the symptoms. This is also sometimes referred to as "Munchausen syndrome" or "Munchausen by proxy" when it involves caregivers exaggerating, fabricating, or inducing symptoms in another person, typically a child.
People with factitious disorders may go to great lengths to deceive others, including healthcare professionals, and may undergo unnecessary medical treatments, surgeries, or take medications that can cause them harm. The motivation behind this behavior is often a complex mix of factors, including the need for attention, control, or a desire to escape from difficult situations.
It's important to note that factitious disorders are different from malingering, which is the deliberate feigning or exaggeration of symptoms for external incentives such as financial gain, avoiding work or military duty, or obtaining drugs. Factitious disorders, on the other hand, are driven by internal motivations and can cause significant distress and impairment in a person's life.
Child abuse is a broad term that refers to any form of physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment or neglect that causes harm to a child's health, development, or dignity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), child abuse includes:
1. Physical abuse: Non-accidental injuries caused by hitting, kicking, shaking, burning, or otherwise harming a child's body.
2. Sexual abuse: Any sexual activity involving a child, such as touching or non-touching behaviors, exploitation, or exposure to pornographic material.
3. Emotional abuse: Behaviors that harm a child's emotional well-being and self-esteem, such as constant criticism, humiliation, threats, or rejection.
4. Neglect: Failure to provide for a child's basic needs, including food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education, and emotional support.
Child abuse can have serious short-term and long-term consequences for the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of children. It is a violation of their fundamental human rights and a public health concern that requires prevention, early detection, and intervention.
Poisoning is defined medically as the harmful, sometimes fatal, effect produced by a substance when it is introduced into or absorbed by living tissue. This can occur through various routes such as ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption through the skin. The severity of poisoning depends on the type and amount of toxin involved, the route of exposure, and the individual's age, health status, and susceptibility. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to serious conditions affecting multiple organs, and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, seizures, or unconsciousness. Immediate medical attention is required in cases of poisoning to prevent severe health consequences or death.
Malingering is a psychological concept that refers to the deliberate and intentional production or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms, motivated by external incentives such as avoiding work or military duty, obtaining financial compensation, or evading criminal prosecution. It's important to note that malingering should be distinguished from other conditions where individuals may experience genuine symptoms but have limited insight into their illness, such as in certain psychiatric disorders.
Malingering is not a mental disorder itself, and it requires careful clinical evaluation to distinguish it from legitimate medical or psychological conditions. It's also worth mentioning that malingering is considered uncommon, and its diagnosis should be made with caution, as it can have significant legal and ethical implications.
A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.
For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.
Factitious disorder imposed on another4
- Cases of Munchausen by Internet (as opposed to MSBP or Factitious Disorder imposed on another (FDIA) by Internet) were increasingly identified by online users in support groups for eating disorders, cancers and pregnancy, and have attracted the interest of researchers with roughly 24 case studies being reported in the literature (Lawlor 2018, 4). (researchgate.net)
- Factitious Disorder Imposed on Another (FDIA), termed a psychiatric "Factitious disorder by proxy", compels individuals to solicit unnecessary medical interventions or commit medical abuses on another, almost always a child in their care. (researchgate.net)
- The story of Gypsy Rose Blanchard, as told through the HBO documentary "Mommy Dead and Dearest" and Hulu's docuseries "The Act", has raised awareness around factitious disorder imposed on another (FDIA), previously called Munchausen by proxy. (allnurses.com)
- Factitious disorder imposed on another (previously called Munchausen syndrome by proxy) is when someone falsely claims that another person has physical or psychological signs or symptoms of illness, or causes injury or disease in another person with the intention of deceiving others. (mayoclinic.org)
20192
- 5 Recent TV Shows & Movies on Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy on Screen The Act (2019) Sharp Objects (2018) Phantom Thread (2017) It (2017) The Politician (2019) The Sixth Sense Everything, Everything Fragile The 9th Life Of Louis Drax A Child's Cry For Help Love You To Death Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy on Screen The Act (2019) Sharp Objects (2018) Phantom Thread (2017) 1. (wikibacklink.com)
- Munchausen syndrome by proxy entered the investigatory picture after Turner mentioned it without prompting shortly after her 2019 arrest. (oxygen.com)
Diagnosis4
- This makes it hard for health professionals to see a diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. (ufhealth.org)
- It was revealed that Shauna had a diagnosis of Munchausen by proxy, a psychological condition in which an individual imposes an appearance of a fake illness, or an actual illness, on a proxy, in most cases a minor child, for sympathy, money or attention. (wikipedia.org)
- The "diagnosis" of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy appears to almost universally be a cover up for vaccine injury or medical malpractice. (healthimpactnews.com)
- Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, a form of child abuse, is defined and the criteria used in its diagnosis is given. (wiu.edu)
Munchausen's5
- Munchausen's syndrome by proxy is a pattern in which a parent "fabricates, exaggerates, or induces mental or physical health problems" in their child "usually to gain attention or sympathy from others. (theothermccain.com)
- The film questions the validity of Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy, arguing that in many cases doctors' over-medication of infants and over-reliance on lab tests may be the real cause of the children's. (bufvc.ac.uk)
- Factitious disorder - sometimes called Munchausen's syndrome - is a condition in which a person acts as though they are physically or mentally ill when they are not. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Munchausen's syndrome by proxy is when someone lies about another person having an illness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- They will bizarrely label her as a Munchausen's syndrome by proxy mother. (davidhealy.org)
Illness7
- Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy describes a parent who fabricates the appearance of physical illness in a child. (gwu.edu)
- Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a mental illness and a form of child abuse . (ufhealth.org)
- Sometimes, the person was abused as a child or has Munchausen syndrome (fake illness for themselves). (ufhealth.org)
- Munchausen syndrome by proxy is the act of one person fabricating or inducing an illness in another to meet his or her own emotional needs through the treatment process. (psychiatrist.com)
- Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) occurs when the child's caregiver, usually a parent, injures a child or fakes a child's illness in order to receive the attention that comes with repeated medical care and hospital admission. (medpagetoday.com)
- The very fact that the mother blamed the Gardasil vaccine for Aniya's illness was used as evidence of her having Munchausen. (healthimpactnews.com)
- Munchausen syndrome]] by proxy often involves inducing illness in another to the same end. (wikidoc.org)
Symptoms5
- Instead of medical professionals admitting that a vaccine could be causing symptoms or that a doctor made a mistake, it seems to be easier to deflect blame by accusing the mother of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, or the newer refashioned title for the same thing - "Medical Child Abuse. (healthimpactnews.com)
- In Monday's plea agreement, District Court Judge Patricia Herron cited a rare mental health condition known as Munchausen syndrome by proxy, a disorder when caregivers falsify or create symptoms of sickness in another person. (oxygen.com)
- Sometimes the term is used broadly to include injuries, disabilities, [[syndrome]]s, infections, symptoms, deviant behaviors, and a typical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts these may be considered distinguishable categories. (wikidoc.org)
- In the [[Munchausen syndrome]], the sufferer feigns, exaggerates, or creates symptoms of illnesses in himself or herself in order to gain investigation, treatment, attention, or sympathy. (wikidoc.org)
- Factitious disorder symptoms can range from mild (slight exaggeration of symptoms) to severe (previously called Munchausen syndrome). (mayoclinic.org)
Asperger's Syndrome1
- From an early age my daughter Luise displayed signs which would now almost certainly be recognized as Asperger's Syndrome - at the light end of the spectrum. (davidhealy.org)
Sympathy1
- For decades, people have heard of Munchausen syndrome, a disorder characterized by people taking extraordinary measures to fake illnesses or psychological trauma for the sole purpose of attracting attention and sympathy from others. (allnurses.com)
Disorder6
- Given the suspiction of a non-organic etiology, interconsultation is requested with Mental Health and, after the hostile attitude of the mother in it, the diagnostic impression is reached, supported by all the professionals involved (primary care pediatrician, pediatrician of the hospital emergency department, dermatologists and psychiatrist) of factitious disorder or Munchhausen syndrome by proxy. (pap.es)
- The family evaluations of two cases presented here suggest that Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy may be a systemic syndrome generated when a mother already possessing a somatoform or factitious disorder joins an enmeshed, authoritarian family system possessing a systemic history of exploitation of children. (gwu.edu)
- This disorder used to be called factitious disorder by proxy or Munchausen syndrome by proxy. (merckmanuals.com)
- Unfortunately, these changes are not only positive: researchers have found a new syndrome named 'virtual factitious disorder' or 'Munchausen by internet' [32] . (researchgate.net)
- CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects) syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by birth defects of several organ systems, including the skin, viscera, musculoskeletal system, and central nervous system. (medscape.com)
- CHILD syndrome is a congenital disorder. (medscape.com)
20001
- In 2000, Dr. Marc Feldman coined the term 'Munchausen by Internet' (Feldman 2000) to describe the conduct of those who, instead of repeat and serial hospital visits, could now gain their needed gratification through a new audience among online support group members. (researchgate.net)
Behavior1
- We suggest that measures instituted to protect the abused child must take into account the systemic function of the Munchausen by Proxy behavior in maintaining family stability, lest such measures be rendered ineffective by family members. (gwu.edu)
Narcissistic parents2
- Playing a role in the sudden rise of transgender children may be 'transhausen by proxy,' a term coined for narcissistic parents who push so-called 'gender transitioning' on their children, some experts say. (freerepublic.com)
- Transhausen by proxy' describes narcissistic parents who may push transgenderism because they enjoy the attention from having a 'trans kid. (theepochtimes.com)
Describes1
- Accidental filicide is unintentional death due to child abuse, generally following battered child syndrome, and spousal revenge filicide describes children who are killed to retaliate against or punish the parent's mate. (jaapl.org)
Cases1
- In a few known cases, the patients developed Munchausen syndrome as adults, and go on to feign their own acute illnesses. (medpagetoday.com)
Psychological condition1
- Transhausen by proxy' isn't an officially recognized psychological condition. (freerepublic.com)
Definition1
- Need a definition of Munchausen-by-proxy syndrome? (eatthecorn.com)
Acute2
- Acute effects of dopamine antagonists also include parkinsonian syndromes manifested by bradykinesia, rigidity, and pill rolling tremor. (medscape.com)
- The acute movement disorders resulting from exposure to dopamine antagonists are commonly termed extrapyramidal syndromes (EPSs). (medscape.com)
Transhausen1
- Transhausen by proxy has very real effects on society, experts told The Epoch Times. (theepochtimes.com)
Relationship1
- Recognition of Munchausen syndrome by proxy in the child-parent relationship can prevent continued abuse and unnecessary, expensive, and possibly dangerous medical testing. (ufhealth.org)
Turner1
- Several syndromic genetic forms of HI have also been identified (eg, Beckwith-Wiedemann, Kabuki, and Turner syndromes). (medscape.com)
Commonly1
- Early death in persons with CHILD syndrome is most commonly due to cardiovascular malformations . (medscape.com)
Disorders3
- This population-based study evaluates the prevalence of factitious disorders, Münchausen syndrome, and Münchausen syndrome by proxy in a clinical setting. (nih.gov)
- The epidemiological data obtained in this population-based study indicate that the prevalence of factitious disorders, Münchausen syndrome, and Münchausen syndrome by proxy is higher than previously observed. (nih.gov)
- For example, people with fetal alcohol syndrome, other developmental disabilities, and other brain disorders are vulnerable to the development of TDs, even after receiving only 1 dose of the causative agent. (medscape.com)
Condition3
- A Child Abuse Specialist doctor from Texas Children's Hospital in Houston reportedly diagnosed her of having Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, a extremely rare mental condition where a parent, usually a mother, makes a child sick in order to gain attention. (healthimpactnews.com)
- As a child, Maya was diagnosed with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), a rare neurological condition that causes excruciating pain in response to the slightest touch, PEOPLE reported previously . (yahoo.com)
- It's a play on an official condition known as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP). (freerepublic.com)
Mother2
- We report here the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with possible pneumonia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea and whose mother was suspected of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. (psychiatrist.com)
- A Colorado mother has pleaded guilty to charges related to her 7-year-old daughter's death in a case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy. (oxygen.com)
Spectrum1
- In addition to the prototypic orofacial dyskinesia, tardive syndromes also include a spectrum of hyperkinesias occurring during or after prolonged treatment with dopamine antagonists. (medscape.com)
Difficulties1
- Pellitero Maraña A, Alonso Álvarez MA, González-Carloman González L. Munchausen syndrome by proxy: diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. (pap.es)
Form of child abuse1
- Because this is a form of child abuse, the syndrome must be reported to the authorities. (ufhealth.org)
Clinical1
- The earliest description of the syndrome has been attributed to Otto Sachs in 1903, who comprehensively described the clinical features of CHILD syndrome in an 8-year-old girl. (medscape.com)
Patients1
- Three of 14 (21.4%) patients fulfilled the criteria for Münchausen syndrome. (nih.gov)
Psychiatric1
- Previous descriptions of the syndrome have focused exclusively upon medical or psychiatric assessments of the involved child and perpetrating parent. (gwu.edu)
Case3
- The results of Munchausen syndrome by proxy] can be heinous, they can be dangerous, or, as in this case, they can be deadly," said Herron, according to KUSA. (oxygen.com)
- [ 3 ] In 2010, Knape et al reported the first case of CHILD syndrome with ocular manifestations in a patient with progressive bilateral optic nerve atrophy. (medscape.com)
- A novel missense mutation of NSDHL in an unusual case of CHILD syndrome showing bilateral, almost symmetric involvement. (medscape.com)
Child abuse1
- Shauna was diagnosed with Munchausen by proxy and convicted to 12 years in prison for aggravated child abuse, with 15 months of parole to follow. (wikipedia.org)
Time1
- Around that time, investigators began receiving anonymous tips claiming that Taylor had Munchausen by proxy and was abusing the child. (wikipedia.org)
Years1
- The mean age for Munchausen syndrome is 35 years, but Boyd has treated a 17-year-old patient who began injecting paint thinner into his skin after his grandmother, an avid painter, died. (medpagetoday.com)