Two new dimeric coumarins isolated from Murraya exotica. (1/14)

Bismurrangatin and murramarin A, two new coumarins, were isolated from the vegetative branches of Murraya exotica. Murramarin A is a rare type of bicoumarin that connects two coumarin moieties by orthoester structure. The structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic methods, especially by 2D-NMR experiments.  (+info)

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of Murraya koenigii trypsin inhibitor. (2/14)

A Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor purified from the seeds of Murraya koenigii has been crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 8000 as the precipitating agent. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4(3)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 75.8, c = 150.9 A. The crystals contain two molecules in the asymmetric unit with a V(M) value of 2.5 A(3) Da(-1). Diffraction was observed to 2.65 A resolution and a complete data set was collected to 2.9 A resolution.  (+info)

Brunneocorticium pyriforme, a new corticioid fungal genus and species belonging to the euagarics clade. (3/14)

Evidence derived from molecular studies in recent years has revealed that corticioid fungal genera are present in all major clades of Homobasidiomycetes. Brunneocorticium pyriforme, a corticioid fungus is proposed as a new species and placed in a new genus belonging to the euagarics clade. This fungus has been collected in subtropical-tropical Taiwan and southern Yunnan Province, China. Basidiocarps often occur on bark of living Murraya spp. (Rutaceae). Basidiocarps of B. pyriforme are resupinate with a smooth hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system, with nodose-septate generative hyphae and abundant yellowish brown skeletal hyphae, and leptocystidia. It has 2-sterigmate basidia and pear-shaped basidiospores. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data derived from LSU rDNA included Brunneocorticium in the euagarics clade of Homobasidiomycetes, allied to the agaricoid genera Marasmiellus, Campanella, etc. The molecular analysis indicated that the Brunneocorticium was independent from other corticioid genera with similar morphological features.  (+info)

Antiplatelet aggregation coumarins from the leaves of Murraya omphalocarpa. (4/14)

Using a bioactivity-guided fractionation method, two coumarins: minumicroline acetonide (1) and epimurpaniculol senecioate (2), were isolated from the leaves of Murraya omphalocarpa Hayata (Rutaceae). Compound 1 had been previously synthesized and was now isolated from natural sources for the first time, and compound 2, possessing a negative optical rotation value, is new. The structures and their stereochemistry were fully elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic techniques. Both compounds 1 and 2 are active in the antiplatelet aggregation assay. Interestingly, the possible acetonide artifact 1 displayed significant antiplatelet aggregation induced not only by AA and collagen but also by platelet activating factor (PAF).  (+info)

Chemical composition and toxicity against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum of the essential oil of Murraya exotica aerial parts. (5/14)

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An update on Murraya koenigii spreng: a multifunctional Ayurvedic herb. (6/14)

Murraya koenigii Spreng (Rutaceae), a medicinally important herb of Indian origin, has been used for centuries in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Leaves, fruits, roots and bark of this plant are a rich source of carbazole alkaloids. These alkaloids have been reported for their various pharmacological activities such as antitumor, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhoeal, diuretic and antioxidant activities. Apart from these activities, the plant is reported to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities. Phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant make a demand of an exhaustive review of its potential as a valuable therapeutic agent for the treatment and management of various ailments frequently affecting humans. The present review gives a detailed description of the phytochemical, pharmacological, clinical and pre-clinical works carried out on this medicinal herb and also throws light on its therapeutic potential.  (+info)

Effects of Murraya koenigii leaf extract on impaired gastrointestinal motility in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (7/14)

OBJECTIVE: The present study was to investigate the effects of Murraya koenigii leaf (MKL), an Indian herb, on glucose homeostasis, intestinal transit time, response to exogenous acetylcholine of smooth muscles of distal colon, and intestinal thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: Male adult Wistar rats were used in this study. Diabetes was induced in the rats by STZ (70 mg/kg, intravenously). The treatments of MKL extract (300 and 500 mg/kg) and glibenclamide were started after stabilization of blood glucose level (13 d after single dose of STZ), while the standard drug cisapride or vitamin E was given from the last week (8th week) of experimentation. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and evaluated for gastrointestinal motility, the contractile response of distal colons and the TBARS content. The gastrointestinal motility was evaluated by measuring the intestinal transit rate of charcoal meal. The contractile response of distal colon was measured in terms of evaluating the dose-response curve with increasing doses of acetylcholine, and the TBARS content was measured by calculating the level of polyunsaturated fatty acid in homogenates of intestines of the diabetic rats. RESULTS: MKL significantly decreased the blood glucose level at the 30th (P<0.05) and 60th (P<0.01) day of MKL administration (300 and 500 mg/kg). The gastrointestinal motility significantly (P<0.05) reduced after 9 weeks in diabetic rats and it was correlated to the decrease of the percent response of acetylcholine on distal colons (P<0.01) and the increase of TBARS (as an index of oxidative stress) in intestines (P<0.05), while prior treatment with MKL (300 and 500 mg/kg) up to 9 weeks increased the gastrointestinal motility demonstrated by the increase in the activation of cholinergic response to acetylcholine on distal colons (P<0.05). The TBARS also decreased after 9-week treatment with MKL (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study suggested that MKL had protective effect against gastrointestinal disturbances in diabetes by controlling glucose level as well as defending against peripheral damage of cholinergic neurons by providing antioxidant shelter, so it may be helpful in diabetic patients with impaired gastrointestinal motility.  (+info)

Biological activity of carbazole alkaloids and essential oil of Murraya koenigii against antibiotic resistant microbes and cancer cell lines. (8/14)

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