Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in muscle volume due to a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers. Atrophy may result from diseases intrinsic to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY) or secondary to PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that impair innervation to muscle tissue (e.g., MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL).
A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.
Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)
Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)
Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.
Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Disorders related to substance abuse.
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.
A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by a another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)
Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.
Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)
Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.

Tissue-specific somatic mosaicism in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is dependent on CAG-repeat length and androgen receptor--gene expression level. (1/86)

The factors influencing the tissue-specific pattern of somatic mosaicism in CAG-repeat diseases have not yet been fully resolved. We performed a detailed analysis of the degree of somatic mosaicism in various tissues from 20 patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), including 4 who were deceased. The most outstanding feature was the prominent somatic mosaicism observed in the cardiac and skeletal muscles, composed predominantly of postmitotic cells, and in the skin, prostate, and testis. The CNS tissues, liver, and spleen showed the least mosaicism. The tissue distribution of somatic mosaicism in patients with SBMA was markedly different from that in patients with Huntington disease (HD) and from that in patients with dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA). The degree of somatic mosaicism correlated with the CAG-repeat number but not with age at examination. Furthermore, tissues with a higher mosaicism level corresponded well to those with a higher expression level of androgen receptor protein. The tissue-specific pattern of somatic mosaicism related not only to cell composition with different cell turnover rates but to repeat size and gene expression levels, and postnatal cell division is unlikely to be a major cause of somatic mosaicism probably because of the relative stability of CAG repeat in SBMA.  (+info)

Founder effect in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) in Scandinavia. (2/86)

We haplotyped 13 Finnish, 10 Swedish, 12 Danish and 2 Norwegian SBMA (spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, Kennedy disease) families with a total of 45 patients and 7 carriers for 17 microsatellite markers spanning a 25.2 cM region around the androgen receptor gene on chromosome Xq11-q12 in search of a genetic founder effect. In addition, the haplotypes of 50 Finnish, 20 Danish and 22 Swedish control males were examined. All the Scandinavian SBMA families shared the same 18 repeat allele for the intragenic GGC repeat, which was present in only 24% of the controls. Linkage disequilibrium was also seen for the closest microsatellite markers. In addition, extended haplotypes of the Finnish, Swedish and Danish SBMA families revealed country-specific common founder haplotypes, which over time became gradually shortened by recombinations. No common haplotype was found among the controls. The data suggest that the SBMA mutation was introduced into western Finland 20 generations ago. Haplotype analysis implies a common ancestor for the majority of Scandinavian SBMA patients.  (+info)

Expression of expanded repeat androgen receptor produces neurologic disease in transgenic mice. (3/86)

Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a motor neuron disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract within the androgen receptor. This disease is unusual among the polyglutamine diseases in that it involves lower motor and sensory neurons, with relative sparing of other brain structures. We describe the development of transgenic mice, created with a truncated, highly expanded androgen receptor driven by the neurofilament light chain promoter, which develop many of the motor symptoms of SBMA. In addition, transgenic mice created with the prion protein promoter develop widespread neurologic disease, reminiscent of juvenile forms of other polyglutamine diseases. Thus, in these experiments, the distribution of neurologic symptoms depends on the expression level and pattern of the promoter used, rather than on specific characteristics of androgen receptor metabolism or function. The transgenic mice described here develop neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs), a hallmark of SBMA and the other polyglutamine diseases. We have shown these inclusions to be ubiquitinated and to sequester molecular chaperones, components of the 26S proteasome and the transcriptional activator CREB-binding protein. Apart from the presence of NIIs, evidence of neuropathology or neurogenic muscle atrophy was absent, suggesting that the neurologic phenotypes observed in these mice were the result of neuronal dysfunction rather than neuronal degeneration. These mice will provide a useful resource for characterizing specific aspects of motor neuron dysfunction, and for testing therapeutic strategies for this and other polyglutamine diseases.  (+info)

Transgenic mice with an expanded CAG repeat controlled by the human AR promoter show polyglutamine nuclear inclusions and neuronal dysfunction without neuronal cell death. (4/86)

We generated transgenic mice that expressed a highly expanded 239 polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat under the control of the human androgen receptor promoter. These transgenic mice developed progressive neurological phenotypes of muscular weakness and ataxia, small body size and short life-span. PolyQ nuclear inclusions (NIs) were remarkable and widespread but found in selective regions of the central nervous system (CNS) such as the spinal cord, cerebrum and cerebellum as well as in selective peripheral visceral organs. This distribution pattern resembled that of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy somewhat, but was more widespread. In neuronal tissues, NIs were present in astrocytes as well as neurons. Cytoplasmic and axonal inclusions were not observed. In the CNS regions with abundant NIs, neuronal populations were well-preserved, and neither neuronal cell death, reactive astrogliosis nor microglial invasions were detected. These findings suggest that polyQ alone can induce the neuronal dysfunction that precedes gross neuronal degeneration and provides a clue for investigating molecular mechanisms that underly the pathway to neuronal dysfunction from polyQ expansion.  (+info)

Skeletal muscle disuse induces fibre type-dependent enhancement of Na(+) channel expression. (5/86)

Slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle fibres have specific contractile properties to respond to specific needs. Since sodium current density is higher in fast-twitch than in slow-twitch fibres, sodium channels contribute to the phenotypic feature of myofibres. Phenotype determination is not irreversible: after periods of rat hindlimb unloading (HU), a model of hypogravity, a slow-to-fast transition occurs together with atrophy in the antigravity slow-twitch soleus muscle. Using cell-attached patch-clamp and northern blot analyses, we looked at sodium channel expression in soleus muscles after 1-3 weeks of HU in rats. We found that sodium channels in fast-twitch flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibres, soleus muscle fibres and 1- to 3-week HU soleus muscle fibres showed no difference in unitary conductance, open probability and voltage-dependencies of activation, fast inactivation and slow inactivation. However, muscle disuse increased sodium current density in soleus muscle fibres 2-fold, 2.5-fold and 3-fold after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of HU, respectively. The concentration of mRNA for the skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha subunit increased 2-fold after 1 week of HU but returned to the control level after 3 weeks of HU. In contrast, the concentration of mRNA for the ubiquitous sodium channel beta(1) subunit was unchanged after 1 week and had increased by 30% after 3 weeks of HU. The tetrodotoxin sensitivity of sodium currents in 3-week HU soleus muscles and the lack of mRNA signal for the juvenile skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha subunit excluded denervation in our experiments. The observed increase in sodium current density may reduce the resistance to fatigue of antigravity muscle fibres, an effect that may contribute to muscle impairment in humans after space flight or after long immobilization.  (+info)

Rescue of polyglutamine-mediated cytotoxicity by double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference. (6/86)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism that appears to control unwanted gene expression in a wide range of species. In Drosophila, RNAi is most effectively induced by double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of over approximately 80 nucleotides (nt) and in mammalian cells an RNAi-like inhibition of gene expression has been shown to be mediated by dsRNAs of approximately 21-23 nt. To test if RNAi can be used to specifically down-regulate a human disease-related transcript we have used Drosophila and human tissue culture models of the dominant genetic disorder spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). A variety of different dsRNAs were assessed for the ability to inhibit expression of transcripts that included a truncated human androgen receptor (ar) gene containing different CAG repeat lengths (16-112 repeats). In Drosophila cells, dsRNAs corresponding to non-repetitive sequences mediated a high degree of sequence-specific inhibition, whereas RNA duplexes containing CAG repeat tracts only induced gene-specific inhibition when flanking ar sequences were included; dsRNAs containing various lengths of CAG repeats plus ar sequences were unable to induce allele-specific interference. In mammalian cells we tested sequence-specific small dsRNAs of 22 nt; these rescued the toxicity and caspase-3 activation induced by plasmids expressing a transcript encoding an expanded polyglutamine tract. This study demonstrates the feasibility of targeting a transcript associated with an important group of genetic diseases by RNAi.  (+info)

Change of chloride ion channel conductance is an early event of slow-to-fast fibre type transition during unloading-induced muscle disuse. (7/86)

Disuse of postural slow-twitch muscles, as it occurs in hypogravity, induces a slow-to-fast myofibre type transition. Nothing is known about the effects of weightlessness on the resting membrane chloride conductance (gCl), which controls sarcolemma excitability and influences fibre type transition during development and adult life. Using the current-clamp method, we observed that rat hindlimb unloading (HU) for 1-3 weeks increased gCl in fibres of the slow-twitch soleus (Sol) muscle toward values found in fast muscle. Northern blot analysis suggested that this effect resulted from an increased ClC-1 chloride channel mRNA level. In the meantime, a 4-fold increase in fibres expressing fast isoforms of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) was observed by immunostaining of muscle sections. Also, Sol muscle function evolved toward a fast phenotype during HU, as demonstrated by the positive shift of the threshold potential for contraction. After 3-days HU, Sol muscle immunostaining and RT-PCR experiments revealed no change in MHC protein and mRNA expression, whereas the gCl was already maximally increased, due to a pharmacologically probed, increased activity of ClC-1 channels. Thus the increase in gCl is an early event in Sol muscle experiencing unloading, suggesting that gCl may play a role in muscle adaptation to modified use. Pharmacological modulation of ClC-1 channels may help to prevent disuse-induced muscle impairment.  (+info)

L-Carnitine: a potential treatment for blocking apoptosis and preventing skeletal muscle myopathy in heart failure. (8/86)

Skeletal muscle in congestive heart failure is responsible for increased fatigability and decreased exercise capacity. A specific myopathy with increased expression of fast-type myosins, myocyte atrophy, secondary to myocyte apoptosis triggered by high levels of circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been described. In an animal model of heart failure, the monocrotaline-treated rat, we have observed an increase of apoptotic skeletal muscle nuclei. Proapoptotic agents, caspase-3 and -9, were increased, as well as serum levels of TNF-alpha and its second messenger sphingosine. Treatment of rats with L-carnitine, known for its protective effect on muscle metabolism injuries, was found to inhibit caspases and to decrease the levels of TNF-alpha and sphingosine, as well as the number of apoptotic myonuclei. Staurosporine was used in in vitro experiments to induce apoptosis in skeletal muscle cells in culture. When L-carnitine was applied to skeletal muscle cells, before staurosporine treatment, we observed a reduction in apoptosis. These findings show that L-carnitine can prevent apoptosis of skeletal muscles cells and has a role in the treatment of congestive heart failure-associated myopathy.  (+info)

Muscular diseases, also known as myopathies, refer to a group of conditions that affect the functionality and health of muscle tissue. These diseases can be inherited or acquired and may result from inflammation, infection, injury, or degenerative processes. They can cause symptoms such as weakness, stiffness, cramping, spasms, wasting, and loss of muscle function.

Examples of muscular diseases include:

1. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD): A genetic disorder that results in progressive muscle weakness and degeneration due to a lack of dystrophin protein.
2. Myasthenia Gravis: An autoimmune disease that causes muscle weakness and fatigue, typically affecting the eyes and face, throat, and limbs.
3. Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM): A progressive muscle disorder characterized by muscle inflammation and wasting, typically affecting older adults.
4. Polymyositis: An inflammatory myopathy that causes muscle weakness and inflammation throughout the body.
5. Metabolic Myopathies: A group of inherited disorders that affect muscle metabolism, leading to exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and other symptoms.
6. Muscular Dystonias: Involuntary muscle contractions and spasms that can cause abnormal postures or movements.

It is important to note that muscular diseases can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, mobility, and overall health. Proper diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing symptoms and improving outcomes.

Atrophic muscular disorders are medical conditions that involve the progressive loss of muscle mass and weakness due to the degeneration of muscle tissue. This process occurs because of a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers, which can be caused by various factors such as nerve damage, lack of use, or underlying diseases.

There are two main types of atrophic muscular disorders: neurogenic and myopathic. Neurogenic atrophy is caused by damage to the nerves that supply the muscles, leading to muscle weakness and wasting. Examples of conditions that can cause neurogenic atrophy include motor neuron disease, spinal cord injury, and peripheral neuropathy.

Myopathic atrophy, on the other hand, is caused by primary muscle diseases that affect the muscle fibers themselves. Conditions such as muscular dystrophy, metabolic myopathies, and inflammatory myopathies can all lead to myopathic atrophy.

Symptoms of atrophic muscular disorders may include muscle weakness, wasting, cramping, spasms, and difficulty with movement and coordination. Treatment for these conditions depends on the underlying cause and may involve physical therapy, medication, or surgery. In some cases, the damage to the muscles may be irreversible, and the goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and maintain function as much as possible.

Skeletal muscle, also known as striated or voluntary muscle, is a type of muscle that is attached to bones by tendons or aponeuroses and functions to produce movements and support the posture of the body. It is composed of long, multinucleated fibers that are arranged in parallel bundles and are characterized by alternating light and dark bands, giving them a striped appearance under a microscope. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, meaning that it is consciously activated through signals from the nervous system. It is responsible for activities such as walking, running, jumping, and lifting objects.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). When you become depressed, you may feel sad or hopeless and lose interest or pleasure in most activities. When your mood shifts to mania or hypomania (a less severe form of mania), you may feel euphoric, full of energy, or unusually irritable. These mood swings can significantly affect your job, school, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Bipolar disorder is typically characterized by the presence of one or more manic or hypomanic episodes, often accompanied by depressive episodes. The episodes may be separated by periods of normal mood, but in some cases, a person may experience rapid cycling between mania and depression.

There are several types of bipolar disorder, including:

* Bipolar I Disorder: This type is characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.
* Bipolar II Disorder: This type involves the presence of at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode, but no manic episodes.
* Cyclothymic Disorder: This type is characterized by numerous periods of hypomania and depression that are not severe enough to meet the criteria for a full manic or depressive episode.
* Other Specified and Unspecified Bipolar and Related Disorders: These categories include bipolar disorders that do not fit the criteria for any of the other types.

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but it appears to be related to a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes to help manage symptoms and prevent relapses.

A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.

Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:

1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.

These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.

Mood disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood, affect, and emotional state. These disorders can cause disturbances in normal functioning and significantly impair an individual's ability to carry out their daily activities. The two primary types of mood disorders are depressive disorders (such as major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder) and bipolar disorders (which include bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder).

Depressive disorders involve prolonged periods of low mood, sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. Individuals with these disorders may also experience changes in sleep patterns, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem. In severe cases, they might have thoughts of death or suicide.

Bipolar disorders involve alternating episodes of mania (or hypomania) and depression. During a manic episode, individuals may feel extremely elated, energetic, or irritable, with racing thoughts, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior. They might engage in risky activities, have decreased sleep needs, and display poor judgment. In contrast, depressive episodes involve the same symptoms as depressive disorders.

Mood disorders can be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Proper diagnosis and treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, are essential for managing these conditions and improving quality of life.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.

The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.

It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also simply referred to as depression, is a serious mental health condition characterized by the presence of one or more major depressive episodes. A major depressive episode is a period of at least two weeks during which an individual experiences a severely depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, accompanied by at least four additional symptoms such as significant changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

MDD can significantly impair an individual's ability to function in daily life, and it is associated with increased risks of suicide, substance abuse, and other mental health disorders. The exact cause of MDD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medication (such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants).

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with hyperactivity is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. The condition is characterized by symptoms including:

1. Difficulty paying attention or staying focused on a single task
2. Impulsivity, or acting without thinking
3. Hyperactivity, or excessive fidgeting, restlessness, or talking

In order to be diagnosed with ADHD with hyperactivity, an individual must exhibit these symptoms to a degree that is developmentally inappropriate and interferes with their daily functioning. Additionally, the symptoms must have been present for at least six months and be present in multiple settings (e.g., at home, school, work).

It's important to note that ADHD can manifest differently in different people, and some individuals may experience predominantly inattentive or impulsive symptoms rather than hyperactive ones. However, when the hyperactive component is prominent, it is referred to as ADHD with hyperactivity.

Effective treatments for ADHD with hyperactivity include a combination of medication (such as stimulants) and behavioral therapy. With appropriate treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.

A depressive disorder is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. It can also include changes in sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem, as well as thoughts of death or suicide. Depressive disorders can vary in severity and duration, with some people experiencing mild and occasional symptoms, while others may have severe and chronic symptoms that interfere with their ability to function in daily life.

There are several types of depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder (PDD), and postpartum depression. MDD is characterized by symptoms that interfere significantly with a person's ability to function and last for at least two weeks, while PDD involves chronic low-grade depression that lasts for two years or more. Postpartum depression occurs in women after childbirth and can range from mild to severe.

Depressive disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy (talk therapy), and lifestyle changes.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive, unwanted, and often distressing. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules, and which are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation. These obsessions and/or compulsions cause significant distress, take up a lot of time (an hour or more a day), and interfere with the individual's daily life, including social activities, relationships, and work or school performance. OCD is considered a type of anxiety disorder and can also co-occur with other mental health conditions.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, serious accident, war combat, rape, or violent personal assault. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), PTSD is characterized by the following symptoms, which must last for more than one month:

1. Intrusion symptoms: These include distressing memories, nightmares, flashbacks, or intense psychological distress or reactivity to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
2. Avoidance symptoms: Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, including thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, or people.
3. Negative alterations in cognitions and mood: This includes negative beliefs about oneself, others, or the world; distorted blame of self or others for causing the trauma; persistent negative emotional state; decreased interest in significant activities; and feelings of detachment or estrangement from others.
4. Alterations in arousal and reactivity: This includes irritable behavior and angry outbursts, reckless or self-destructive behavior, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, problems with concentration, and sleep disturbance.
5. Duration of symptoms: The symptoms must last for more than one month.
6. Functional significance: The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

It is essential to note that PTSD can occur at any age and can be accompanied by various physical and mental health problems, such as depression, substance abuse, memory problems, and other difficulties in cognition. Appropriate treatment, which may include psychotherapy, medication, or a combination of both, can significantly improve the symptoms and overall quality of life for individuals with PTSD.

Autistic Disorder, also known as Autism or Classic Autism, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects communication and behavior. It is characterized by:

1. Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including:
* Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity;
* Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction;
* Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.
2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
* Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech;
* Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior;
* Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus;
* Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.
3. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period (but may not become fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacities) and limit or impair everyday functioning.
4. Symptoms do not occur exclusively during the course of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or other psychotic disorders.

Autistic Disorder is part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), which also include Asperger's Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). The current diagnostic term for this category of conditions, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), is Autism Spectrum Disorder.

A phobic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by an excessive and irrational fear or avoidance of specific objects, situations, or activities. This fear can cause significant distress and interfere with a person's daily life. Phobic disorders are typically classified into three main categories: specific phobias (such as fear of heights, spiders, or needles), social phobia (or social anxiety disorder), and agoraphobia (fear of open spaces or situations where escape might be difficult).

People with phobic disorders often recognize that their fear is excessive or unreasonable, but they are unable to control it. When exposed to the feared object or situation, they may experience symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, trembling, and difficulty breathing. These symptoms can be so distressing that individuals with phobic disorders go to great lengths to avoid the feared situation, which can have a significant impact on their quality of life.

Treatment for phobic disorders typically involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps individuals identify and challenge their irrational thoughts and fears, as well as exposure therapy, which gradually exposes them to the feared object or situation in a safe and controlled environment. In some cases, medication may also be recommended to help manage symptoms of anxiety.

Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are a group of conditions that affect the development and functioning of the brain, leading to delays in many areas of development. The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has replaced the term "pervasive developmental disorders" with "autism spectrum disorder" and "other neurodevelopmental disorders."

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts, as well as restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. The symptoms of ASD can range from mild to severe, and the condition affects approximately 1 in 54 children in the United States.

Other neurodevelopmental disorders that were previously classified as PDDs include:

1. Intellectual disability (ID): a condition characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disorder used to be referred to as "mental retardation."
2. Communication disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's ability to communicate, including language disorders, speech sound disorders, and stuttering.
3. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
4. Specific learning disorder: a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects an individual's ability to learn and use specific academic skills, such as reading, writing, or mathematics.
5. Motor disorders: these are disorders that affect an individual's movement and coordination, including developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic disorders.

The medical definition of 'Child Development Disorders, Pervasive' has been replaced with more specific diagnoses in the DSM-5 to better reflect the diverse nature of these conditions and improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning.

Psychotic disorders are a group of severe mental health conditions characterized by distorted perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that lead to an inability to recognize reality. The two most common symptoms of psychotic disorders are hallucinations and delusions. Hallucinations are when a person sees, hears, or feels things that aren't there, while delusions are fixed, false beliefs that are not based on reality.

Other symptoms may include disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, catatonic behavior, and negative symptoms such as apathy and lack of emotional expression. Schizophrenia is the most well-known psychotic disorder, but other types include schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, and substance-induced psychotic disorder.

Psychotic disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, brain chemistry imbalances, trauma, and substance abuse. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Substance-related disorders, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), refer to a group of conditions caused by the use of substances such as alcohol, drugs, or medicines. These disorders are characterized by a problematic pattern of using a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. They can be divided into two main categories: substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders. Substance use disorders involve a pattern of compulsive use despite negative consequences, while substance-induced disorders include conditions such as intoxication, withdrawal, and substance/medication-induced mental disorders. The specific diagnosis depends on the type of substance involved, the patterns of use, and the presence or absence of physiological dependence.

Conduct Disorder is a mental health disorder that typically begins in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a repetitive pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules. The behaviors fall into four main categories: aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of rules.

The specific symptoms of Conduct Disorder can vary widely among individuals, but they generally include:

1. Aggression to people and animals: This may include physical fights, bullying, threatening others, cruelty to animals, and use of weapons.
2. Destruction of property: This may include deliberate destruction of others' property, arson, and vandalism.
3. Deceitfulness or theft: This may include lying, shoplifting, stealing, and breaking into homes, buildings, or cars.
4. Serious violation of rules: This may include running away from home, truancy, staying out late without permission, and frequent violations of school rules.

Conduct Disorder can have serious consequences for individuals who suffer from it, including academic failure, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. It is important to note that Conduct Disorder should be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional based on a comprehensive evaluation.

Tic disorders are a group of conditions characterized by the presence of repetitive, involuntary movements or sounds, known as tics. These movements or sounds can vary in complexity and severity, and they may be worsened by stress or strong emotions.

There are several different types of tic disorders, including:

1. Tourette's disorder: This is a neurological condition characterized by the presence of both motor (movement-related) and vocal tics that have been present for at least one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
2. Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder: This type of tic disorder is characterized by the presence of either motor or vocal tics (but not both), which have been present for at least one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
3. Provisional tic disorder: This type of tic disorder is characterized by the presence of motor or vocal tics (or both) that have been present for less than one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
4. Tic disorder not otherwise specified: This category is used to describe tic disorders that do not meet the criteria for any of the other types of tic disorders.

Tic disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and they often co-occur with other conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Treatment for tic disorders may include behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of both.

Psychiatric Status Rating Scales are standardized assessment tools used by mental health professionals to evaluate and rate the severity of a person's psychiatric symptoms and functioning. These scales provide a systematic and structured approach to measuring various aspects of an individual's mental health, such as mood, anxiety, psychosis, behavior, and cognitive abilities.

The purpose of using Psychiatric Status Rating Scales is to:

1. Assess the severity and improvement of psychiatric symptoms over time.
2. Aid in diagnostic decision-making and treatment planning.
3. Monitor treatment response and adjust interventions accordingly.
4. Facilitate communication among mental health professionals about a patient's status.
5. Provide an objective basis for research and epidemiological studies.

Examples of Psychiatric Status Rating Scales include:

1. Clinical Global Impression (CGI): A brief, subjective rating scale that measures overall illness severity, treatment response, and improvement.
2. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): A comprehensive scale used to assess the symptoms of psychosis, including positive, negative, and general psychopathology domains.
3. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) or Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Scales used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms.
4. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): A scale used to assess the severity of manic or hypomanic symptoms.
5. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) or Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R): Scales that measure a broad range of psychiatric symptoms and psychopathology.
6. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): A scale used to rate an individual's overall psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a hypothetical continuum of mental health-illness.

It is important to note that Psychiatric Status Rating Scales should be administered by trained mental health professionals to ensure accurate and reliable results.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental health disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, affect, and mood, as well as marked impulsivity that begins by early adulthood and is present in various contexts.

Individuals with BPD often experience intense and fluctuating emotions, ranging from profound sadness, anxiety, and anger to feelings of happiness or calm. They may have difficulty managing these emotions, leading to impulsive behavior, self-harm, or suicidal ideation.

People with BPD also tend to have an unstable sense of self, which can lead to rapid changes in their goals, values, and career choices. They often struggle with feelings of emptiness and boredom, and may engage in risky behaviors such as substance abuse, reckless driving, or binge eating to alleviate these feelings.

Interpersonal relationships are often strained due to the individual's fear of abandonment, intense emotional reactions, and difficulty regulating their emotions. They may experience idealization and devaluation of others, leading to rapid shifts in how they view and treat people close to them.

Diagnosis of BPD is typically made by a mental health professional using criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), which is published by the American Psychiatric Association. Treatment for BPD may include psychotherapy, medication, and support groups to help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition or substance abuse. These symptoms cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The individual's belief about the symptoms is not consistent with the medical evaluation and often leads to excessive or repeated medical evaluations.

Examples of somatoform disorders include:

1. Somatization disorder: characterized by multiple physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically, affecting several parts of the body.
2. Conversion disorder: characterized by the presence of one or more neurological symptoms (such as blindness, paralysis, or difficulty swallowing) that cannot be explained medically and appear to have a psychological origin.
3. Pain disorder: characterized by chronic pain that is not fully explained by a medical condition.
4. Hypochondriasis: characterized by an excessive preoccupation with having a serious illness, despite reassurance from medical professionals.
5. Body dysmorphic disorder: characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and warrants exceptional measures to hide or fix it.

It's important to note that these disorders are not caused by intentional deceit or malingering, but rather reflect a genuine belief in the presence of physical symptoms and distress related to them.

Cognitive disorders are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as brain injury, degenerative diseases, infection, substance abuse, or developmental disabilities. Examples of cognitive disorders include dementia, amnesia, delirium, and intellectual disability. It's important to note that the specific definition and diagnostic criteria for cognitive disorders may vary depending on the medical source or classification system being used.

Sleep disorders are a group of conditions that affect the ability to sleep well on a regular basis. They can include problems with falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, depression, medical conditions, or substance abuse.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recognizes over 80 distinct sleep disorders, which are categorized into the following major groups:

1. Insomnia - difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
2. Sleep-related breathing disorders - abnormal breathing during sleep such as obstructive sleep apnea.
3. Central disorders of hypersomnolence - excessive daytime sleepiness, including narcolepsy.
4. Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders - disruption of the internal body clock that regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
5. Parasomnias - abnormal behaviors during sleep such as sleepwalking or night terrors.
6. Sleep-related movement disorders - repetitive movements during sleep such as restless legs syndrome.
7. Isolated symptoms and normal variants - brief and occasional symptoms that do not warrant a specific diagnosis.

Sleep disorders can have significant impacts on an individual's quality of life, productivity, and overall health. If you suspect that you may have a sleep disorder, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional or a sleep specialist for proper evaluation and treatment.

Lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) are a group of diseases characterized by the excessive proliferation of lymphoid cells, which are crucial components of the immune system. These disorders can arise from both B-cells and T-cells, leading to various clinical manifestations ranging from benign to malignant conditions.

LPDs can be broadly classified into reactive and neoplastic categories:

1. Reactive Lymphoproliferative Disorders: These are typically triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or immunodeficiency states. They involve an exaggerated response of the immune system leading to the excessive proliferation of lymphoid cells. Examples include:
* Infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
* Lymph node enlargement due to various infections or autoimmune disorders
* Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), which occurs in the context of immunosuppression following organ transplantation
2. Neoplastic Lymphoproliferative Disorders: These are malignant conditions characterized by uncontrolled growth and accumulation of abnormal lymphoid cells, leading to the formation of tumors. They can be further classified into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Examples include:
* Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): Classical HL and nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL
* Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL): Various subtypes, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma

It is important to note that the distinction between reactive and neoplastic LPDs can sometimes be challenging, requiring careful clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypic, and molecular evaluations. Proper diagnosis and classification of LPDs are crucial for determining appropriate treatment strategies and predicting patient outcomes.

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... spinal muscular atrophies of childhood MeSH C10.668.491.175 - muscular disorders, atrophic MeSH C10.668.491.175.500 - muscular ... headache disorders MeSH C10.228.140.546.399 - headache disorders, primary MeSH C10.228.140.546.399.750 - migraine disorders ... muscular atrophy, spinal MeSH C10.228.854.468.800 - spinal muscular atrophies of childhood MeSH C10.228.854.525 - myelitis MeSH ... sleep disorders, circadian rhythm MeSH C10.886.425.200.500 - jet lag syndrome MeSH C10.886.425.800 - sleep disorders, intrinsic ...
ATR-16 syndrome Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attenuated FAP Atypical lipodystrophy Auditory processing disorder ... juvenile Arthritis short stature deafness Arthrogryposis Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy Arthrogryposis ectodermal ... Atresia of small intestine Atrial myxoma Atrial septal defect Atrioventricular fistula Atrioventricular septal defect Atrophic ... epileptic seizures migrational brain disorder Arthrogryposis IUGR thoracic dystrophy Arthrogryposis like disorder ...
A diminished muscular trophic condition is designated as atrophy. Atrophy is reduction in size of cell, organ or tissue, after ... In post-menopausal women, the walls of the vagina become thinner (atrophic vaginitis). The mechanism for the age-related ... Olivopontocerebellar atrophy Optic atrophy Spinomuscular atrophy Hypertrophy List of biological development disorders W. T. ... Examples of atrophying muscle diseases include muscular dystrophy, myotonia congenita, and myotonic dystrophy. Changes in Na+ ...
... dominant type Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, X-linked Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy Emetophobia Emphysema, congenital ... generalized atrophic benign Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, Herlitz-Pearson Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, with pyloric ... familial Extrapyramidal disorder Extrasystoles short stature hyperpigmentation microcephaly Eye defects arachnodactyly ... Teebi syndrome Ellis-Yale-Winter syndrome Ellis-van Creveld syndrome Emerinopathy Emery-Nelson syndrome Emery-Dreifuss muscular ...
LAMA2 Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 1A; 159000; TTID Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 1B; 159001; LMNA Muscular ... generalized atrophic benign; 226650; LAMA3 Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, Herlitz type; 226700; LAMA3 Epidermolysis bullosa ... DYSF Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 2C; 253700; SGCG Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 2D; 608099; SGCA Muscular ... SGCD Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 2G; 601954; TCAP Muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle, type 2H; 254110; TRIM32 Muscular ...
Burgen AS, Dickens F, Zatman LJ (Aug 1949). "The action of botulinum toxin on the neuro-muscular junction". The Journal of ... Bupivacaine injection is not effective in paralyzed or atrophic muscles, or where there are restrictions to movement elsewhere ... and eye movement disorders may include a variety of vision therapy methods, primarily directed at the abnormal retinal ... If there is good binocular vision, once muscular imbalance is sufficiently reduced, the brain mechanism of motor fusion (which ...
... cluster Hearing disorder Hearing impairment Hearing loss Heart aneurysm Heart attack Heart block progressive, familial Heart ... induced defects Hyperthermia Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism due to mutations in TSH receptor Hypertrichosis atrophic skin ... to iodide transport defect Hypothyroidism postaxial polydactyly mental retardation Hypothyroidism Hypotonic sclerotic muscular ... Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder Hallux valgus Hamanishi-Ueba-Tsuji syndrome Hamano-Tsukamoto syndrome Hamartoma ...
An atrophic scar takes the form of a sunken recess in the skin, which has a pitted appearance. These are caused when underlying ... It can also be caused by a genetic connective tissue disorder, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Stretch marks (technically ... which leads to loss of muscular power and possibly heart failure. However, there are some tissues (e.g. bone) that can heal ... Another form is atrophic scarring (sunken scarring), which also has an overexpression of collagen blocking regeneration. This ...
Endocrine gonad disorders, Motor neuron diseases, Neuromuscular disorders, X-linked recessive disorders, Rare diseases). ... Myogenic abnormalities in patient muscle include atrophic and morphologically abnormal muscle fibers, fiber-type grouping, and ... "Exercise Therapy in Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy and Other Neuromuscular Disorders". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 58 (3 ... Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), popularly known as Kennedy's disease, is a rare, adult-onset, X-linked recessive ...
Kanzleiter et al have established that this myokine is secreted during muscular contraction against resistance, and plays a ... Moreover, muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases atrogin1 and MuRF1, which are involved in atrophic pathways, were reduced by ... with health benefits in many other diseases suggests that irisin could also have significant effects in these disorders." While ... in response to muscular contractions. They have autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects; their systemic effects occur at ...
Group B disorders affect collagen folding and crosslinking. Group C are disorders of structure and function of myomatrix. Group ... The skin may tear and bruise easily, and may heal with abnormal atrophic scars; atrophic scars that look like cigarette paper ... No cure for type 1 EDS has been found, but a course of non-weight-bearing exercise can help with muscular tension, which can ... Group E disorders are characterized by defects in the complement pathway. Group F are disorders of intracellular processes, and ...
Skin Disorders at Curlie All the Internet - Directory - Main/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/Skin_Disorders Archived 18 June ... Annular lichen planus Atrophic lichen planus Bullous lichen planus (vesiculobullous lichen planus) Erosive lichen planus ... bullosa simplex of Ogna Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with muscular ... reticulate pigmentary disorder, X-linked reticulate pigmentary disorder with systemic manifestations) Yemenite deaf-blind ...
Congenital disorders of eyes, Disorders of eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit). ... Pseudoptosis resulting from lack of lid support (empty socket or atrophic globe) or a higher lid position on the other side, as ... Bilateral ptosis is usually accompanied by diplopia, dysphagia, and/or progressive muscular paralysis. Neurotoxic ptosis is a ... Some of the risk factors for ptosis include: Eye tumor Diabetes History of stroke Cancer Neurological disorder Age; eye muscles ...
Outside of the submucosa lies another muscular layer, the muscularis externa. It consists of three layers of muscular fibres, ... A series of radiographs can be used to examine the stomach for various disorders. This will often include the use of a barium ... a late clinical stage of atrophic gastritis. In 1993, a more complete investigation on the stomach and thyroid was published, ... The middle circular layer: At this layer, the pylorus is surrounded by a thick circular muscular wall, which is normally ...
Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Soft tissue disorders, Dermal and subcutaneous ... congenital muscular torticollis, i.e. an abnormal, asymmetrical head or neck position commonly called wry neck. Untreated FMC ... atrophic, degenerating muscle fibers, regenerating muscle fibers, and intact skeletal muscle cells containing multiple nuclei. ...
Shaker R (2013). Principles of deglutition : a multidisciplinary text for swallowing and its disorders. New York, NY: Springer ... reducing the risk of hyperfunction and muscular tension. Lip and tongue trills aid in the balance of resonance, as well as ... syndromes affecting brainstem function or atrophic diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth. In the absence of imaging, either ... Fluctuating vocal fold paresis has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders like Guillain-Barré syndrome or myasthenia ...
The stomach is a muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract that holds food and begins the digestive process by secreting ... Other risk factors include diabetes, pernicious anemia, chronic atrophic gastritis, Menetrier's disease (hyperplastic, ... which may also be present in other related or unrelated disorders) in its early stages. By the time symptoms are recognized, ...
National Organization for Rare Disorders)". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). 2014. Archived from the original ... JONATHAN HUTCHINSON contributed a paper on a case of congenital Absence of Hair, with Atrophic Condition of the Skin and its ... and rigid spine muscular dystrophy". American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part A. 146A (8): 1049-1054. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a. ... People diagnosed with this disorder usually have small, fragile bodies, like those of older adults. The head is usually large ...
The smooth muscular layer within the vagina has a weak contractive force that can create some pressure in the lumen of the ... This causes atrophic vaginitis (thinning and inflammation of the vaginal walls), which can lead to vaginal itching, burning, ... Irvine JM (2005). Disorders of Desire: Sexuality and Gender in Modern American Sexology. Temple University Press. pp. 37-38. ... The muscular layer is composed of smooth muscle fibers, with an outer layer of longitudinal muscle, an inner layer of circular ...
"Muscular Disorders, Atrophic" by people in this website by year, and whether "Muscular Disorders, Atrophic" was a major or ... "Muscular Disorders, Atrophic" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Muscular Disorders, Atrophic*Muscular Disorders, Atrophic. *Atrophic Muscular Disorder. *Disorder, Atrophic Muscular ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Muscular Disorders, Atrophic" by people in Profiles. ...
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by the polyglutamine androgen receptor (polyQ-AR), a protein expressed by ... Muscular Disorders, Atrophic / metabolism* * Muscular Disorders, Atrophic / mortality * Muscular Disorders, Atrophic / ... Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by the polyglutamine androgen receptor (polyQ-AR), a protein expressed by ... Peripheral androgen receptor gene suppression rescues disease in mouse models of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy Cell Rep. ...
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic [C10.668.491.175]. *Muscular Dystrophies [C10.668.491.175.500]. *Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle ... A variety of phenotypes are associated with these mutations including a subgroup of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular ... Muscular Disorders, Atrophic [C05.651.534]. *Muscular Dystrophies [C05.651.534.500]. *Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle [ ...
Categories: Muscular Disorders, Atrophic Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Conditions: Muscular Dystrophies; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne; Muscular Disorders, Atrophic; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular ... A Study of CAP-1002 in Ambulatory and Non-Ambulatory Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (HOPE-3) ...
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic [C05.651.534]. *Muscular Dystrophies [C05.651.534.500]. *Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss [ ... Muscular Dystrophy With Early Contractures And Cardiomyopathy, Autosomal Dominant. *Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss, ... X-Linked Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy*X-Linked Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy ... Autosomal Dominant Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy*Autosomal Dominant Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy ...
Muscle contractures can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy. ... Due to sensory issues, some autism spectrum disorder children prefer to toe walk instead of their feet making full contact with ... One muscle may be normal while the other is atrophic or hypertrophic; alternately, one muscle may be hypertrophic while the ... other is atrophic. A decrease in muscle tone leads to continuous disuse and eventually muscular atrophy. The constant ...
Neurogenic Muscular Atrophy Neurotrophic Muscular Atrophy NLM Classification #. WE 550. See Also. Muscular Disorders, Atrophic ... Neurogenic Muscular Atrophy Narrower Concept UI. M0336456. Terms. Neurogenic Muscular Atrophy Preferred Term Term UI T371134. ... Muscular Atrophy Preferred Term Term UI T027299. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1966). ... Neurotrophic Muscular Atrophy Term UI T371135. Date11/04/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2000). ...
Phobic Disorders 2 0 Muscular Disorders, Atrophic 2 0 Myocardial Infarction 2 0 ... Content source: Public Health Genomics Branch in the Division of Blood Disorders and Public Health Genomics, National Center on ...
MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL).. Entry Version. MUSCULAR DIS ATROPHIC. Entry Term(s). Atrophic Muscular Disorders Atrophy, Disuse ... Muscular Disorders, Atrophic [C05.651.534] * Muscular Dystrophies [C05.651.534.500] * Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome [C05.651. ... Muscular Disorders, Atrophic [C10.668.491.175] * Muscular Dystrophies [C10.668.491.175.500] * Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome [ ... Muscular Disorders, Atrophic Preferred Concept UI. M0328176. Scope Note. Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
Atrophic Muscular Disorder Atrophic Muscular Disorders Disorder, Atrophic Muscular Disorders, Atrophic Muscular Muscular ... Disorder, Atrophic Muscular. Disorders, Atrophic Muscular. Disuse Atrophies. Disuse Atrophy. Muscular Disorder, Atrophic. ... Atrophic Muscular Disorder. Atrophic Muscular Disorders. Atrophies, Disuse. Atrophies, Spinopontine. Atrophy, Disuse. Atrophy, ... Muscular Disorders, Atrophic - Preferred Concept UI. M0328176. Scope note. Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
MUSCULAR DISORDERS, ATROPHIC TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES ATROFICOS TRANSTORNOS MUSCULARES ATRÓFICOS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, DUCHENNE ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY- ... DISTROFIA MUSCULAR DE EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY, FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA MUSCULAR FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL DISTROFIA ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS ...
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic; Muscular Atrophy; Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System; Neuromuscular Diseases; Muscular ... Iron Metabolism Disorders; beta-Thalassemia. Details Lepunafusp alfa. JR-171. Phase 2 Clinical. Jcr Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd. ... Myotonic Disorders; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Myotonic Dystrophy; Musculoskeletal Diseases; ... Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Muscular Dystrophies; Neurodegenerative Diseases. Details CX-2029. ABBV-2029; ABBV-CX-2029; ...
Acute effect of static stretching on non-muscular tissue stiffness and joint flexibility: a comparative study between older and ...
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic [C10.668.491.175]. *Muscular Dystrophies [C10.668.491.175.500]. *Congenital, Hereditary, and ... "Muscular Dystrophies" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Muscular Dystrophies" by people in this website by year, and ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Muscular Dystrophies" by people in Profiles. ...
Motor neuron disorders (MNDs) are a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous group of neurologic diseases characterized by ... X-linked spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an adult-onset recessive disorder. Female carriers of the mutation usually are ... Pathology of motor neuron disorders. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Grossly, the spinal cord shows gray and thin or atrophic ... Spinal muscular atrophy. SMA comprises a large group of genetically determined neuromuscular disorders that are characterized ...
Muscular Disorders, Atrophic. Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome. Nervous System Diseases. Central Nervous System Diseases. ...
Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Anxiety Disorder, Atrophic Muscular Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder, Auditory ... Disorders, Amphetamine-Related Disorders, Antisocial Personality Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, Atrophic Muscular Disorders, ... Disorder, Manic Disorder, Menstruation Disorder, Mental Disorder, Migraine Disorder, Mitochondrial Disorder, Mood Disorder, ... Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Binge-Eating Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Blind-Deaf Disorder, Blood ...
... is a therapeutic target for muscle atrophic disorders such as muscular dystrophy. Thus, the inhibition of myostatin presents a ... Anorexia nervosa is a feeding disorder involving intentional weight loss. Restricted dietary intake leads to disturbed bone ... atrophic vaginitis, or urogenital atrophy. Of concern, many patients with symptoms of GSM have never been asked about nor have ... is not uncommon in this neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically characterized by a variable combination of autonomic ...
There may be drusen, or yellow deposits, in the macula of people with this disorder. A few tiny drusen may not affect your ... Some people with the atrophic form experience central blind spots. Central vision loss is a potential outcome as the disease ... Age-related muscular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual loss in persons over 50. People suffering from AMD lose ... FAQs on Age-Related Muscular Degeneration. Does AMD affect both eyes?. AMD may affect either one or both eyes. ...
  • Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by the polyglutamine androgen receptor (polyQ-AR), a protein expressed by both lower motor neurons and skeletal muscle. (nih.gov)
  • Muscle contractures can occur for many reasons, such as paralysis, muscular atrophy, and forms of muscular dystrophy. (wikipedia.org)
  • A decrease in muscle tone leads to continuous disuse and eventually muscular atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a fatal disorder and is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting or atrophy (ie, amyotrophy), spasticity, and fasciculations as a result of degeneration of the UMNs and LMNs, culminating in respiratory paralysis. (medscape.com)
  • PBP is a progressive degenerative disorder of the motor nuclei in the medulla (specifically involving the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves) that produces atrophy and fasciculations of the lingual muscles, dysarthria, and dysphagia. (medscape.com)
  • 728.2 is a legacy non-billable code used to specify a medical diagnosis of muscular wasting and disuse atrophy, not elsewhere classified. (icdlist.com)
  • these physical changes have been referred to as vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), vaginal atrophy, and atrophic vaginitis. (obgynkey.com)
  • MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY) or secondary to PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES that impair innervation to muscle tissue (e.g. (rush.edu)
  • A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy without the involvement of nervous system. (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss" by people in this website by year, and whether "Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Some congenital myopathies, such as Bethlem myopathy and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy, cause muscle contractures to develop. (wikipedia.org)
  • John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. (nih.gov)
  • Silencing the expression of the double homeobox 4 ( DUX4 ) gene offers great potential for the treatment of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). (mdpi.com)
  • Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a muscular dystrophy caused by inefficient epigenetic repression of the D4Z4 macrosatellite array and somatic expression of the DUX4 retrogene. (elifesciences.org)
  • The muscle disease facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by the loss of the chemical tags that normally keep certain genes switched off in many cell types. (elifesciences.org)
  • A muscle imbalance between an agonist and antagonist muscle can occur due to a neurological disorder, spinal cord injury, myopathy, and our lifestyle/postural habits. (wikipedia.org)
  • A neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscular paralysis reflecting degeneration of motor neurons in the primary motor cortex, corticospinal tracts, brainstem and spinal cord. (orpha.net)
  • Overview of Peripheral Nervous System Disorders The peripheral nervous system refers to parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A variety of phenotypes are associated with these mutations including a subgroup of autosomal recessive limb girdle muscular dystrophies, cardiomyopathies, and respiratory deficiency. (harvard.edu)
  • Some neurogenic atrophies, however, may mimic some muscular dystrophies or myopathies, such as distal myopathies. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Age-Related Muscular Degeneration: Should You Be Worried? (cured.com)
  • Age-related muscular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual loss in persons over 50. (cured.com)
  • Disorders characterized by an abnormal reduction in muscle volume due to a decrease in the size or number of muscle fibers. (rush.edu)
  • Muscle disorders can cause weakness, pain or even paralysis. (icdlist.com)
  • Sometimes the cause of muscle disorders is unknown. (icdlist.com)
  • Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare genetic disorder produced by mutations in the GAA gene and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness. (nih.gov)
  • LOPD muscle biopsies show accumulation of glycogen along with the autophagic vacuoles associated with atrophic muscle fibers. (nih.gov)
  • Both anatomy variations and muscle herniations can be depicted with ultrasound, where the suspicious mass is identified as having the same ultrasound appearance as normal muscular tissue. (radiologykey.com)
  • Masticatory muscle myositis is known under several different names, including atrophic myositis and eosinophilic myositis. (aquaticcommunity.com)
  • Changes in the muscle as a result of a denervating process are similar, irrespective of the site of the lesion, be it in the neurone or the peripheral nerve, and it is rarely possible to precisely define the disorder from a muscle biopsy, although certain patterns are suggestive. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Careful clinical and electrophysiological investigations often give a clue to the defective gene, and muscle biopsies are now performed less often in neurogenic disorders. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Even the cross-striations of individual atrophic muscle fibres are preserved until late in the atrophic process. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • causes many neuro-muscular disorders like general weakness esp. (atomictherapy.org)
  • apos-therapy (apostherapy) - reabilitatsitsionnoy therapy system based on biomechanical correction and training of the neuro-muscular system. (kneeexercisesforwomen.com)
  • Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute, usually rapidly progressive but self-limited inflammatory polyneuropathy characterized by muscular weakness and mild distal sensory loss. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Knowledge of many of the skin manifestations in the setting of cardiac diseases has become very important and is immensely helpful for proper diagnosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited bullous disorders characterized by blister formation in response to mechanical trauma. (medscape.com)
  • Muscular Disorders, Atrophic" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • In addition, hypokinesis triggers a number of disorders in which metabolic and general metabolic disorders are observed, as well as deterioration of tissue oxygenation. (lonestarneurology.net)
  • Characterized by a series of manifestations of hyperandrogenemia, persistent anovulation, and ovarian polycystic changes ( 1 ), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine-metabolic disorders that affects 5 to 10% of women of reproductive age ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In adults, because most of the cases presenting with these pure bulbar symptoms represent so-called bulbar-onset ALS and eventually develop widespread symptoms typically seen in ALS, some authors consider this disorder to be a subset of ALS. (medscape.com)
  • These disorders should be suspected when a patient presents with classic symptoms: allodynia (pain provoked with gentle touch of the skin) and a persistent burning or shooting pain. (mhmedical.com)
  • Ehlers-Danlos syndromes ( EDS ) are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders in the current classification, [7] with the latest type discovered in 2018. (wikipedia.org)
  • HSP, also known as familial spastic paraplegias or Strumpell-Lorrain disease, comprises a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders characterized by slowly progressive spastic paraparesis. (medscape.com)
  • The hereditary peripheral neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders encompassing several clinical syndromes with dominant or recessive inheritance. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Epidermolysis bullosa is a family of bullous disorders caused by an absence of basement membrane components due to underlying gene mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Acne or Pimples is a chronic skin disorder affecting pilosebaceous units caused due to clogged skin's hair follicles by dead skin, excess sebum, dust and pollution. (atomictherapy.org)
  • These are the changes seen in chronic disorders such as ALS and can be distinguished from the early-onset childhood disorders such as SMA. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • In chronic conditions such as ALS the atrophic fibres have an angular shape ( Fig. 9.1 ), in contrast to the rounded shape of the atrophic fibres in SMA. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Adenomyosis is a chronic condition where the endometrial tissue from the lining of the uterus (womb) starts to grow in the muscular lining of the uterus where it does not belong. (hyivy.com)
  • [17] hEDS is the most common of the 19 types of connective tissue disorders. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some patients, the dermatologic manifestations represent a component of a full systemic or vascular disorder that also involves defects in the cardiovascular system as another accompanying component. (medscape.com)
  • Gradually, spasticity may develop in the weakened atrophic limbs, affecting manual dexterity and gait. (orpha.net)
  • Due to sensory issues, some autism spectrum disorder children prefer to toe walk instead of their feet making full contact with the ground. (wikipedia.org)
  • Motor activity worsens against the background of early mental and neurological disorders - Parkinson's disease and other extrapyramidal syndromes. (lonestarneurology.net)
  • Diagnosis of the disease can be made by examination and x-rays, which are visible atrophic processes of cartilage - especially on the inside of the joint, and - reducing its volume and the development of characteristic spikes - osteophytes. (kneeexercisesforwomen.com)
  • Group F are disorders of intracellular processes, and Group G is considered to be unresolved forms of EDS. (wikipedia.org)
  • See also Overview of Peripheral Nervous System Disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Biofeedback is a training technique that enables an individual to gain some element of voluntary control over muscular or autonomic nervous system functions using a device that produces auditory or visual stimuli. (hyivy.com)
  • The diagnosis of a muscular anomaly is mainly based on knowledge of the most common locations and the aspect of the lesion on imaging. (radiologykey.com)