Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma pulmonis
Mycoplasma fermentans
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma genitalium
Mycoplasma mycoides
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Mycoplasma bovis
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma penetrans
Mycoplasma agalactiae
Mycoplasma synoviae
Acholeplasma
The indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of antibodies in cattle naturally infected mycoplasmas. (1/949)
Stable mycoplasma antigens for the indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) were prepared employing glutaraldehyde treated sheep erythrocytes sensitized with Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis and Mycoplasma bovigenitalium antigens. Employing these antigens mycoplasma antibodies were detected in sera from cattle which had mastitic symptoms due to natural infection with either M. agalactiae subsp. bovis or M. bovigenitalium. A total of 200 cows from four herds were examined at varying intervals for the presence of M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and for the detection of antibody using growth inhibition and IHA tests. Mycoplasmas were isolated from 37 animals. Growth inhibiting antibody was detected from 56 of the 200 animals. In the IHA tests, antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:80 were detected in 148 animals, 76 of these having antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:160, while sera of 116 normal control animals had no growth inhibiting antibody and none had IHA antibody titers greater than 1:40. M. bovigenitalium was isolated from the milk of three of 26 animals in a fifth herd during an outbreak of mastitis. Growth inhibiting antibodies were demonstrated in the sera of ten of the 26 animals. However, the IHA test detected antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:160 in 13 animals and of 1:80 in one of the 26 animals. To determine the specificity of the IHA tests, M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium antigens were reacted with rabbit hyperimmune typing sera produced against 12 species of bovine mycoplasmatales. Homologous antisera showed IHA antibody titers of 1:1280 and 1:2560 against M. agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium respectively, whereas heterologous antisera showed IHA antibody titers of less than or equal to 1:20. Also eight type-specific bovine antisera were reacted with M agalactiae subsp. bovis and M. bovigenitalium antigens in homologous and heterologous tests. Homoogous reactions showed IHA antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:320, whereas heterologous reactions showed IHA titers of less than or equal to 1:20. This IHA test promises to be useful for the detection of bovine mycoplasma antibodies in sera from cattle infected with M. agalactiae subsp. bovis or M. bovigenitalium. Thes test is sensitive, reproducible and specific and the technique is relatively simple and rapid. The antigens were stable for at least seven months. (+info)Temperature sensitivity studies on selected strains on Mycoplasma gallisepticum. (2/949)
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG324), a tylosin resistant strain of low virulence, was compared with four other strains with respect to their survival at temperatures from 46.1 to 48.9 degrees C. MG324 was found to be more resistant than the other strains tested. (+info)Bovine mastitis in Ontario due to Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis. (3/949)
Bovine mastitis caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis was first diagnosed in 16 of 55 cows in an Ontario herd in Feburary 1972. A total of 182 of 598 (30.4%) cows from 33 of 64 (51.5%) farms in widely separated areas of the province were culturally positive. Herd incidence varied from 15 to 40% with one closed herd having an incidence of 61%. Four herds were investigated culturally and serologically by the growth inhibition test for 15 months. In the acute phase the organism was present in the milk in extremely high numbers and could still be isolated from a few cows after eight to 12 months. The sera from 89.5% of the animals with clinical mycoplasma mastitis produced a zone of surface "film" and/or colony inhibition and some cows remained positive for six to 12 months. The disease was experimentally reproduced with a pure culture of the organism isolated from the milk of a cow from one of the herds. (+info)Antigenic characterization and cytolocalization of P35, the major Mycoplasma penetrans antigen. (4/949)
Mycoplasma penetrans is a mycoplasma with unique morphology, recently identified in urine samples collected from HIV-infected patients. This mycoplasma has been found to be statistically associated with HIV infection, and to be cytopathic in vitro. The dominant antigen recognized during natural and experimental infections is an abundant lipoprotein, P35, which, upon extraction, segregates in the Triton X-114 detergent phase. It is used as the basis of M. penetrans-specific serological assays. Although mycoplasma lipoproteins, including M. penetrans P35, are the main antigens recognized by the host humoral immune response, very little is known about the nature of the epitopes involved. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that all P35 is exposed at the cell surface and is distributed all over the membrane. P35 linear B-epitopes were mapped by an ELISA approach based on a set of overlapping peptides covering the entire mature polypeptide. The immunoreactivity of the peptides was first tested with sera from immunized animals. The dominant B-epitopes were found at the C- and N-terminal regions, in partial agreement with algorithmic predictions. Patient sera were evaluated with the same assay. Only some reacted with linear epitopes whereas others did not, indicating the importance of P35 nonsequential epitopes. Statistical analysis of the results allowed the definition of a set of peptides which were clearly immunodominant. Finally, the P35-encoding gene was modified by in vitro mutagenesis to allow the production and purification of a recombinant protein (rP35delta0) in Escherichia coil. The antigenicity of rP35delta0 was tested by Western blotting and compared to that of another recombinant product, rP35delta3, a truncated P35 polypeptide. Although rP35delta0 reacted with the M. penetrans-seropositive patient sera tested, rP35delta3 was only immunoreactive with one of six sera. This result confirmed that P35-nonsequential epitopes dominate during M. penetrans infection. Our results have important implications for the understanding of lipoprotein antigenicity during mycoplasma infections. In addition, the P35-derived immunodominant synthetic peptides defined in this study, as well as the purified rP35delta0, provide the antigenic material for the necessary improvement of M. penetrans serological assays. (+info)Mycoplasma penetrans bacteremia and primary antiphospholipid syndrome. (5/949)
Mycoplasma penetrans, a rare bacterium so far only found in HIV-infected persons, was isolated in the blood and throat of a non-HIV-infected patient with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (whose etiology and pathogenesis are unknown). (+info)Intranasally inoculated Mycoplasma hyorhinis causes eustachitis in pigs. (6/949)
Specific-pathogen-free pigs were experimentally inoculated with Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Pasteurella multocida, or both bacterial isolates to evaluate the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of otitis media. Six pigs were inoculated intranasally with 4.4 X 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU) of M. hyorhinis. Twenty-one days later, three of these six pigs were inoculated intranasally with 5.0 X 10(8) CFU of P. multocida. Three additional pigs were also inoculated intranasally at the time with P. multocida alone. Two pigs served as uninoculated controls. Seven days later, all pigs were euthanatized. Histologically, subacute inflammation was found in 10 auditory tubes of six pigs and two tympanic cavities of two pigs inoculated with M. hyorhinis. Immunohistochemically, M. hyorhinis antigens were detected on the luminal surface of eight of 10 inflamed auditory tubes, and ultrastructural examination confirmed mycoplasmal organisms in two pigs. M. hyorhinis was isolated from the inflamed tympanic cavities of two pigs. None of the pigs inoculated only with P. multocida had otitis, and P. multocida was not isolated from the tympanic cavity. These findings indicate that M. hyorhinis can cause eustachitis but rarely otitis media in specific-pathogen-free pigs. (+info)Complementary randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis patterns and primer sets to differentiate Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains. (7/949)
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to differentiate 7 strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Six commercially available primers or primer combinations were screened for their ability to differentiate vaccine and type strains. Although major and minor bands were produced with each primer, many of the primers were unsuitable for strain differentiation. The use of primer 6 and combined primers 3 and 4 resulted in complementary RAPD banding patterns for each M. gallisepticum strain. Eleven different isolates representing 7 different strains were segregated into 7 different patterns, corresponding to the 7 strains. (+info)Surfactant protein A mediates mycoplasmacidal activity of alveolar macrophages by production of peroxynitrite. (8/949)
We have previously shown that surfactant protein A (SP-A) mediates in vitro killing of mycoplasmas by alveolar macrophages (AMs) from resistant C57BL/6 mice through a nitric oxide (.NO)-dependent mechanism. Herein, SP-A-deficient [SP-A(-/-)] and inducible.NO synthase-deficient [iNOS(-/-)] mice were infected intranasally with 10(5) or 10(7) colony-forming units of Mycoplasma pulmonis. SP-A(-/-) mice were as susceptible to mycoplasmal infection as highly susceptible C3H/He mice, and far more susceptible than resistant C57BL/6 mice. iNOS(-/-) mice had significantly greater numbers of mycoplasmas and severity of lung lesions than iNOS(+/+) controls. In vitro, AMs isolated from C57BL/6 mice, activated with IFN-gamma, incubated with SP-A (25 micrograms/ml), and infected with 10(10) colony-forming units of M. pulmonis, killed mycoplasmas within 6 h. Mycoplasmal killing was abrogated by 1,000 units/ml of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. In the absence of AMs, incubation of M. pulmonis with the peroxynitrite generator 3-morpholinosynodiomine.HCl (SIN-1) effected complete killing of mycoplasmas by 90 min in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (3,000 units/ml), which converts SIN-1 to a.NO donor, prevented this killing. Neither of the reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase (10 milliunits/ml, plus 500 microM xanthine and 100 microM FeCl3), nor.NO generated by 1-propanamine-3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propylhydrazine (PAPA NONOate) (100 microM) killed mycoplasmas. These data establish that peroxynitrite generation by AMs is necessary for the killing of a pathogen in vitro and in vivo. (+info)Mycoplasma infections refer to illnesses caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma. These are among the smallest free-living organisms, lacking a cell wall and possessing a unique molecular structure. They can cause various respiratory tract infections (like pneumonia, bronchitis), urogenital infections, and other systemic diseases in humans, animals, and birds.
The most common Mycoplasma species that infect humans include M. pneumoniae, M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Transmission usually occurs through respiratory droplets or sexual contact. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the site of infection but may include cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, fatigue, joint pain, rash, and genital discharge or pelvic pain in women. Diagnosis often requires specific laboratory tests due to their unique growth requirements and resistance to many common antibiotics. Treatment typically involves macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics.
Mycoplasma: A type of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are among the smallest organisms capable of self-replication. They can cause various infections in humans, animals, and plants. In humans, they are associated with respiratory tract infections (such as pneumonia), urogenital infections (like pelvic inflammatory disease), and some sexually transmitted diseases. Mycoplasma species are also known to contaminate cell cultures and can interfere with research experiments. Due to their small size and lack of a cell wall, they are resistant to many common antibiotics, making them difficult to treat.
"Mycoplasma pulmonis" is a species of bacteria that belongs to the genus Mycoplasma, which are characterized as the smallest free-living organisms. "M. pulmonis" is known to primarily infect rodents, particularly mice and rats, causing respiratory diseases. It colonizes the upper and lower respiratory tract, leading to conditions such as murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM).
The bacteria lack a cell wall, which makes them resistant to many antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can cause chronic inflammation and damage to the respiratory system, including airway obstruction, bronchiolitis, and alveolitis. Transmission of "M. pulmonis" typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their aerosolized secretions.
It is important to note that "Mycoplasma pulmonis" does not infect humans and is primarily a research model for studying bacterial respiratory infections and host immune responses.
"Mycoplasma fermentans" is a type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall and is commonly found as a commensal organism in the human respiratory and urogenital tracts. However, it can also cause opportunistic infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. It is known to be associated with chronic respiratory infections, inflammatory diseases, and has been suggested as a possible co-factor in the pathogenesis of certain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and chronic fatigue syndrome.
The medical definition of "Mycoplasma fermentans" is:
A species of small, gram-negative, pleomorphic bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma, which lacks a cell wall and is capable of causing opportunistic infections in humans. It is commonly found as a commensal organism in the respiratory and urogenital tracts, but has been associated with chronic respiratory infections, inflammatory diseases, and other conditions. Its identification typically requires specialized laboratory tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or culture-based methods.
"Mycoplasma hyorhinis" is a species of bacteria belonging to the genus Mycoplasma, which are characterized as the smallest free-living organisms. They lack a cell wall and have a unique cell membrane structure. "Mycoplasma hyorhinis" specifically infects pigs, causing respiratory infections and polyserositis (inflammation of the serous membranes lining the thoracic and abdominal cavities). It can also be found as a commensal organism in the upper respiratory tract. In recent years, it has been identified as a potential low-grade pathogen in humans, associated with certain types of cancer and joint inflammation, although its exact role in these conditions remains unclear.
Mycoplasma pneumonia is a type of atypical pneumonia, which is caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This organism is not a true bacterium, but rather the smallest free-living organisms known. They lack a cell wall and have a unique mode of reproduction.
Mycoplasma pneumonia infection typically occurs in small outbreaks or sporadically, often in crowded settings such as schools, colleges, and military barracks. It can also be acquired in the community. The illness is often mild and self-limiting, but it can also cause severe pneumonia and extra-pulmonary manifestations.
The symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumonia are typically less severe than those caused by typical bacterial pneumonia and may include a persistent cough that may be dry or produce small amounts of mucus, fatigue, fever, headache, sore throat, and chest pain. The infection can also cause extrapulmonary manifestations such as skin rashes, joint pain, and neurological symptoms.
Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumonia is often challenging because the organism is difficult to culture, and serological tests may take several weeks to become positive. PCR-based tests are now available and can provide a rapid diagnosis.
Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as macrolides (e.g., azithromycin), tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline), or fluoroquinolones (e.g., levofloxacin). However, because Mycoplasma pneumonia is often self-limiting, antibiotic treatment may not shorten the duration of illness but can help prevent complications and reduce transmission.
"Mycoplasma pneumoniae" is a type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall and can cause respiratory infections, particularly bronchitis and atypical pneumonia. It is one of the most common causes of community-acquired pneumonia. Infection with "M. pneumoniae" typically results in mild symptoms, such as cough, fever, and fatigue, although more severe complications can occur in some cases. The bacteria can also cause various extrapulmonary manifestations, including skin rashes, joint pain, and neurological symptoms. Diagnosis of "M. pneumoniae" infection is typically made through serological tests or PCR assays. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as macrolides or tetracyclines.
Mycoplasma hominis is a species of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are among the smallest free-living organisms. They are commonly found as part of the normal flora in the genitourinary tract of humans, particularly in the urethra, cervix, and vagina. However, they can also cause various infections, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems or in the presence of other risk factors.
M. hominis has been associated with several types of infections, including:
1. Genital tract infections: M. hominis can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), cervicitis, urethritis, and endometritis in women. In men, it may lead to urethritis and prostatitis.
2. Postpartum and post-abortion fever: M. hominis can contribute to febrile morbidity following delivery or abortion.
3. Respiratory tract infections: While rare, M. hominis has been implicated in some cases of respiratory tract infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
4. Joint and soft tissue infections: M. hominis can cause septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and other soft tissue infections, especially in patients with underlying joint diseases or compromised immune systems.
5. Central nervous system (CNS) infections: Although uncommon, M. hominis has been associated with CNS infections such as meningitis and brain abscesses, primarily in immunocompromised individuals.
6. Bloodstream infections: Bacteremia due to M. hominis is rare but can occur in immunocompromised patients or those with indwelling catheters.
Diagnosis of M. hominis infections typically involves the detection of the organism through various laboratory methods, such as culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or serological tests. Treatment usually consists of antibiotics that target mycoplasmas, such as macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) or tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline). However, resistance to certain antibiotics has been reported in some M. hominis strains.
Mycoplasma genitalium is a small, bacteria that lack a cell wall and can be found in the urinary and genital tracts of humans. It's known to cause several urogenital infections, such as urethritis in men and cervicitis in women. In some cases, it may also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and complications like infertility or ectopic pregnancy in women. Mycoplasma genitalium can be sexually transmitted and is often associated with HIV transmission. Due to its small size and atypical growth requirements, it can be challenging to culture and diagnose using standard microbiological methods. Molecular tests, such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), are commonly used for detection in clinical settings.
"Mycoplasma mycoides" is a species of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are characterized by their small size. They are part of the class Mollicutes and are known to cause various diseases in animals, particularly ruminants such as cattle, goats, and sheep. The most well-known disease caused by M. mycoides is contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe and highly contagious respiratory disease in cattle that can lead to pneumonia, pleurisy, and death.
M. mycoides has been the subject of scientific research due to its small genome size and minimal genetic requirements for growth and survival. In fact, it was the first species of Mycoplasma to have its genome fully sequenced, and it has been used as a model organism in synthetic biology studies.
It's important to note that M. mycoides is not known to cause disease in humans. However, other species of Mycoplasma can cause respiratory and urogenital infections in humans.
Bacterial antibodies are a type of antibodies produced by the immune system in response to an infection caused by bacteria. These antibodies are proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens on the surface of the bacterial cells, marking them for destruction by other immune cells. Bacterial antibodies can be classified into several types based on their structure and function, including IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE. They play a crucial role in the body's defense against bacterial infections and provide immunity to future infections with the same bacteria.
Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.
Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.
"Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae" is a type of bacteria that primarily affects the respiratory system of pigs, causing a disease known as Enzootic Pneumonia. It is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in pigs and can lead to reduced growth rates, decreased feed conversion efficiency, and increased mortality in infected herds.
The bacteria lack a cell wall, which makes them resistant to many antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They are also highly infectious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected pigs or contaminated fomites such as feed, water, and equipment. Infection with "Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae" can lead to the development of lesions in the lungs, which can make the animal more susceptible to secondary bacterial and viral infections.
Diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection typically involves a combination of clinical signs, laboratory tests such as serology, PCR, or culture, and sometimes histopathological examination of lung tissue. Control measures may include antibiotic treatment, vaccination, biosecurity measures, and herd management practices aimed at reducing the spread of the bacteria within and between pig populations.
"Mycoplasma bovis" is a species of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are characterized by their small size. They can cause various diseases in cattle, including pneumonia, mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland), arthritis, and otitis (inflammation of the ear). The bacteria can be transmitted through direct contact between animals, contaminated milk, and aerosols. Infection with Mycoplasma bovis can result in decreased productivity and increased mortality in affected herds, making it a significant concern for the cattle industry. Diagnosis is often made through culture or PCR-based tests, and treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics, although resistance to certain antibiotics has been reported. Prevention strategies include biosecurity measures such as testing and culling infected animals, as well as good hygiene practices to limit the spread of the bacteria.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific regions of DNA. It enables the production of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence in a rapid and efficient manner, making it an essential tool in various fields such as molecular biology, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and research.
The PCR process involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling to separate the DNA strands, allow primers (short sequences of single-stranded DNA) to attach to the target regions, and extend these primers using an enzyme called Taq polymerase, resulting in the exponential amplification of the desired DNA segment.
In a medical context, PCR is often used for detecting and quantifying specific pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites) in clinical samples, identifying genetic mutations or polymorphisms associated with diseases, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
"Mycoplasma gallisepticum" is a species of bacteria that belongs to the class Mollicutes and the genus Mycoplasma. It is a significant pathogen in birds, particularly in poultry such as chickens and turkeys, causing chronic respiratory disease (CRD) and infectious sinusitis. The bacterium lacks a cell wall, which makes it resistant to many antibiotics that target the cell wall. Mycoplasma gallisepticum can be transmitted through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated equipment and is highly contagious. It can cause significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased growth rates, poor feed conversion, and increased mortality. In addition to poultry, Mycoplasma gallisepticum has also been found to infect wild bird species, such as house finches, leading to population declines in some areas.
Mycoplasma penetrans is a species of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are therefore resistant to many antibiotics that target the cell wall. It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can infect the urogenital tract, causing inflammation and damage to the cells lining the urinary and reproductive systems.
M. penetrans has been associated with several health problems, including urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), cervicitis (inflammation of the cervix), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and increased risk of HIV transmission. However, its role in these conditions is not fully understood and further research is needed to determine the exact nature of its pathogenicity.
Diagnosis of M. penetrans infection typically involves nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) or direct detection of the organism in clinical specimens. Treatment usually involves antibiotics such as macrolides, fluoroquinolones, or tetracyclines, although resistance to these drugs has been reported.
It is important to note that M. penetrans infection can be asymptomatic and may not cause any noticeable symptoms in some people. Therefore, it is recommended to practice safe sex and get regular STI screenings to detect and treat infections early.
"Mycoplasma agalactiae" is a species of bacteria that belongs to the genus Mycoplasma. It is a small, wall-less organism that can cause contagious diseases in animals, particularly in ruminants such as goats and sheep. The infection caused by this bacterium is known as contagious agalactia, which is characterized by symptoms like mastitis (inflammation of the mammary gland), arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis (inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye), and sometimes pneumonia. It's worth noting that "Mycoplasma agalactiae" is not known to infect humans.
Mycoplasma synoviae is a species of bacteria that lack a cell wall and can cause chronic respiratory infections and inflammation of the synovial membranes (synovitis) in birds, particularly in poultry such as chickens and turkeys. The infection can lead to decreased growth rate, reduced egg production, and lameness in affected birds. Mycoplasma synoviae is transmitted horizontally through direct contact with infected birds or contaminated equipment and vertically from infected hens to their offspring. It is important to note that Mycoplasma synoviae is not known to cause disease in humans.
Acholeplasma is a genus of bacteria that are characterized by their lack of a cell wall and their ability to grow in the absence of cholesterol, which is required for the growth of related genera such as Mycoplasma. These organisms are commonly found in various environments, including water, soil, and animals, and can cause opportunistic infections in humans and other animals.
Acholeplasma species are small, pleomorphic bacteria that lack a cell wall and therefore do not stain with Gram's stain. They are typically spherical or coccoid in shape, but can also appear as rods or filaments. These organisms are resistant to many antibiotics due to their lack of a cell wall and the absence of a peptidoglycan layer.
In humans, Acholeplasma species have been associated with respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. However, these organisms are often considered to be commensals or colonizers rather than true pathogens, as they can also be found in healthy individuals without causing any symptoms.
Overall, Acholeplasma species are important bacteria that can cause opportunistic infections in humans and other animals, but their role in health and disease is still not fully understood.
Mycoplasma arthritidis is not a recognized medical term or a specific disease entity in humans. Mycoplasmas are a type of bacteria that lack a cell wall and can cause various infections in humans and animals. However, Mycoplasma arthritidis is a strain that has been primarily studied in animal models, particularly in mice, where it can cause joint inflammation (arthritis).
In mice, Mycoplasma arthritidis infection can lead to a severe and chronic form of arthritis. The bacteria colonize the synovial membrane, which lines the joint cavity, and induce an immune response that results in inflammation and tissue damage. This model has been used to study the pathogenesis of arthritis and potential therapeutic interventions.
However, it is important to note that Mycoplasma arthritidis is not known to cause disease in humans, and its relevance to human health is limited to the insights it provides into the basic mechanisms of bacterial infection and joint inflammation.
Mycoplasma hominis infection
Sexually transmitted infection
Mycoplasma bovis
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasma hominis
Mycoplasma genitalium
Carcinogenic bacteria
List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
Infections associated with diseases
Oxytetracycline
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Hopkins syndrome
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Moxifloxacin
Mycoplasma fermentans
Eaton's agar
DNA vaccine
Tim Read
Erythema multiforme
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Tubal factor infertility
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Miscarriage
Miscarriage risks
Mycoplasma spermatophilum
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Infertility
Preterm birth
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Mycoplasma orale
Mycoplasma hominis infection - Wikipedia
Pediatric Mycoplasma Infections: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Mycoplasma genitalium Infection in Men
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections - HealthyChildren.org
Immune responses against porcine Mycoplasma infections.
Mycoplasma meleagridis infection, M.m. | The Poultry Site
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infection - The Accidental Smallholder
Outbreaks of Hemotrophic Mycoplasma Infections in China - Volume 15, Number 7-July 2009 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal ...
Mycoplasma genitalium: prevalence, clinical significance, and transmission | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Hemotropic Mycoplasma Infections in Animals - Circulatory System - Merck Veterinary Manual
Pediatricians warn of mycoplasma pneumonia outbreak, with infections surging among children - Global Times
Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium sampled from the British general population | Sexually Transmitted Infections
Prevalence of Mycoplasma suis (Eperythrozoon suis) infection in swine and swine-farm workers in Shanghai, China in: American...
Genetic Passive Immunization with Adenoviral Vector Expressing Chimeric Nanobody-Fc Molecules as Therapy for Genital Infection...
Clinical characteristics of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections among hospitalised children in Singapore |...
Prevalence of |i|Mycoplasma pneumoniae|/i|: A cause for community‑acquired infection among pediatric populaztion
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Antibiotics and Resistance | CDC
Mycoplasma Infections; Eperythrozoonosis
Pediatric Mycoplasma Infections: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Respiratory infections | Influenza | Chlamydopihila | Mycoplasma | Legionela
mycoplasma infections | Young Naturopathic Center for Wellness
Mycoplasmas - Infections - MSD Manual Consumer Version
Mycoplasma meleagridis infection, M.m. - El Sitio Avicola
Tiamulin Prevention of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection in Chickens
Is a Mycoplasma Infection associated with Bacterial Vaginosis?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection complicated by severe mucocutaneous lesions - edoc
Mycoplasma Infection in Chickens is Serious | Skye ChooksSkye Chooks
Neurological manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection - Infectious Diseases & Tropical Medicine
Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Diagnostic Testing of Specimens | CDC
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Mycoplasma genitalium Infection in At-Risk Female Adolescents in Bronx County, New York ...
Chlamydia11
- We studied associations of Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections with pregnancy outcomes, controlling by logistic and multiple linear regression for known risk factors and for the presence of the other two infections. (nih.gov)
- Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) is now recognized as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that is involved in the causation of cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in non-pregnant, and preterm birth and miscarriages in pregnant women, irrespective of the presence of concurrent other STIs, like Chlamydia or gonorrhoea. (nih.gov)
- Empirical treatment includes technique to various possible pathogenic microorganisms, including aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, Chlamydia (and gonorrhoea), mycoplasma and so forth. (idcrevolution.com)
- Azithromycin is an antibiotic that can treat the sexually transmitted infection (STIs) chlamydia and some of its complications, such as urethritis and cervicitis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Lisa Manhart] Mycoplasma genitalium or M. genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium and it causes signs and symptoms that are very similar to those that occur with Chlamydia trachomatis infections, or Chlamydia. (cdc.gov)
- M. genitalium is not a vaginal infection like Candida or bacterial vaginosis, although sometimes women with M. genitalium will have vaginal discharge, the same way women with chlamydia or gonorrhea will have vaginal discharge. (cdc.gov)
- Prevalence and factors associated with gonorrhea and chlamydia infection in at risk females presenting to an urban emergency department, sexually transmitted disease. (academicjournals.org)
- Audit evaluating the value of routine screening of Chlamydia trachomatis urethra infection in men. (academicjournals.org)
- Epidemiology and natural history of ligases chain reaction detected chlamydia and gonococcal infections. (academicjournals.org)
- Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among patients attending infertility and sexually transmitted diseases clinic (STD) in Kano, North Western Nigeria. (academicjournals.org)
- Higher vaginal pH is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a prospective case-controlled study. (academicjournals.org)
Genital mycoplasmas6
- Respiratory mycoplasmas and genital mycoplasmas are distinguished in humans. (cleverlysmart.com)
- The results show that PCR is a valuable tool for rapid detection of genital mycoplasmas in clinical samples. (canada.ca)
- Ruzman N, Miskulin M, Rudan S, Bosnjak Z. The Prevalence and the Risk Factors of the Cervical Colonization by the Genital Mycoplasmas among Pregnant Women from Eastern Croatia. (srce.hr)
- The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the genital mycoplasmas cervical colonization among the pregnant women from the Eastern Croatia and to evaluate its correlation with the demographic and the behavioural risk factors. (srce.hr)
- A higher genital mycoplasmas prevalence was statistically significantly associated with the younger group of the pregnant women (16-29 y), 5 or more sexual partners during lifetime and the age on the first intercourse £16. (srce.hr)
- The study has showed that both the demographic and the behavioural risk factors were associated with the higher genital mycoplasmas colonization in the observed population. (srce.hr)
Prevalence7
- Prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma genitalium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
- High prevalence of the A2058T macrolide resistance-associated mutation in Mycoplasma genitalium strains from the Netherlands. (nih.gov)
- Most of these studies have been in men who have sex with men, but two of them evaluated women and the prevalence was about the same, ranging from three to eight percent, so rectal infections aren't just limited to men who have sex with men. (cdc.gov)
- The overall prevalence of Bartonella infection in this population of deer was 16% (10/63) and 24% (23/96) in keds associated with deer that we sampled. (bioone.org)
- The prevalence of M . genitalium infection varies depending on the clinical setting and population being tested. (hivguidelines.org)
- Assessment of prevalence of chlamydial infection in women pregnant referring the Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Science. (academicjournals.org)
- Her Honours research explored the prevalence and dynamics of the sexually transmissible infections, Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp . (edu.au)
Genitalium infections5
- We'll be talking about Mycoplasma genitalium infections. (cdc.gov)
- There are a lot of studies that have shown that M. genitalium infections in men cause urethritis, which is discharge and inflammation of the urethra. (cdc.gov)
- Our team recently did a meta-analysis, which is where you combine all of the data across all of the studies that have been published, and we found that M. genitalium infections were associated with about a two-fold increase in the risk of cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, preterm delivery, and spontaneous abortion. (cdc.gov)
- Most of the time, M. genitalium infections in the rectum are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
- 2016 European guideline on Mycoplasma genitalium infections. (businesswire.com)
Vaginal5
- Overview of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Sexually transmitted infection (STI) refers to an infection that is passed through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, or other body fluids during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner. (msdmanuals.com)
- Doctors can sometimes identify mycoplasmas by doing nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) on respiratory secretions or on vaginal or urethral swabs. (msdmanuals.com)
- Mycoplasma hominis (Mh) is related to early miscarriages and midtrimester abortions, especially in the presence of abnormal vaginal flora. (nih.gov)
- A sexually transmitted infection ( STI ), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease ( STD ) and the older term venereal disease ( VD ), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity , especially vaginal intercourse , anal sex , oral sex , or sometimes manual sex . (wikipedia.org)
- The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was compared with culture for the detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma genitalium in clinical samples (vaginal secretions, throat and endotracheal secretions, and skin swabs) obtained from 47 high-risk pregnant women peripartum and eight newborn infants. (canada.ca)
STIs5
- This is the case with Mycoplasma genitalium which causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or Mycoplasma pneumoniae which causes respiratory infections. (cleverlysmart.com)
- While Mycoplasma genitalium is considered responsible for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum are not the cause of the genital tract. (cleverlysmart.com)
- STIs are infections that typically pass from one person to another through sexual contact. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Not all STIs are symptomatic , and symptoms may not appear immediately after infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Although previously considered an emerging sexually transmitted infection (STI), M. genitalium infection has now become a well-recognized cause of STIs worldwide, specifically linked to urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease, yet much is still unknown about the organism, infection, and potential complications. (hivguidelines.org)
Cervicitis3
- The following conditions have been linked to Mycoplasma hominis:[citation needed] pyelonephritis cystitis Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) endometritis chorioamnionitis surgical and nonsurgical wound infections bacteremia pneumonia meningitis salpingitis urethritis septic arthritis cervicitis Mycoplasma hominis is often present in polymicrobial infections. (wikipedia.org)
- In women, the infection is responsible for cervicitis, endometritis and salpingitis. (cleverlysmart.com)
- Although asymptomatic infection is commonly reported, M. genitalium infection has been associated with the clinical syndromes of urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). (hivguidelines.org)
Hominis infection3
- Neonates, especially if preterm, are susceptible to M. hominis infection.Meningoencephalitis in neonates has been described and M. hominis may be a significant causative agent of neonatal sepsis or meningitis.M. hominis has been associated with chorioamnionits. (wikipedia.org)
- Low birth weight (less than 2500 g) was associated with M hominis infection among women with a history of spontaneous abortion. (nih.gov)
- Here, we reported a case of M. hominis bloodstream infection in an ANCA-associated vasculitis patient with the help of NGS making a rapid diagnosis of M. hominis infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibiotics9
- Therefore, mycoplasmas are not affected by penicillins and other antibiotics that interfere with the cell wall synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
- The growth of mycoplasmas in their host is inhibited by other broad-spectrum antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
- These broad-spectrum antibiotics inhibit the multiplication of the mycoplasma but does not kill them. (wikipedia.org)
- However, antibiotics such as erythromycin, azithromycin, or doxycycline may be given for more serious symptoms associated with pneumonia and ear infections. (healthychildren.org)
- Most people fully recover from this infection, even when antibiotics are not used. (healthychildren.org)
- A similar increase in M. pneumoniae infections was noted in Norway late autumn 2011.The epidemic has resulted in shortage of erythromycin and the use of alternative antibiotics has been recommended. (eurosurveillance.org)
- Because mycoplasmas do not have cell walls, many antibiotics cannot effectively treat them. (msdmanuals.com)
- To treat these infections, a doctor will typically prescribe antibiotics . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- [ 3 ] With modern antibiotics and neurosurgical techniques, even smaller numbers of these infections are expected to be encountered in the future. (medscape.com)
Pneumoniae is a common cause1
- Editorial Note: M. pneumoniae is a common cause of acute upper and lower respiratory infection in children and young adults. (cdc.gov)
Urethritis2
- Urethritis Urethritis is infection of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. (msdmanuals.com)
- In men, the infection is responsible for urethritis or more simply for urination burns. (cleverlysmart.com)
Mycoplasmal4
- Oral erythromycin or one of the newer macrolides such as azithromycin or clarithromycin have long been the DOC for mycoplasmal respiratory tract infections. (medscape.com)
- Other drugs, including fluoroquinolones, have been approved for the treatment of mycoplasmal respiratory infections with shorter courses because of their favorable pharmacokinetics and tolerability. (medscape.com)
- Treats gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, as well as mycoplasmal, chlamydial, and rickettsial infections. (medscape.com)
- Genital mycoplasmal organisms are associated with numerous genitourinary tract and reproductive diseases but also can cause infections at other sites. (medscape.com)
Cervical3
- Cervical C. trachomatis and mycoplasma infection in pregnant women 250: 1721-1727. (academicjournals.org)
- Cervical ectopy: associations with sexually transmitted infections and HIV. (academicjournals.org)
- Using polymerase chain reaction Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum were detected in cervical secretions of 19.2% and 13.7% of infertile women, and the presence of mycoplasma was significantly correlated with the presence of AZP-Ab and ASA. (who.int)
Colonization1
- This is mainly because many healthy adults have genitourinary colonization with Mycoplasma, published studies on pathogenicity have important design limitations and the organisms are very difficult to detect. (wikipedia.org)
Pathogens3
- Are usually introduced on by genitourinary tract infection, which may be balanced by herbal medicine to get rid of the living atmosphere of pathogens and stop recurrence. (idcrevolution.com)
- Our study suggests that differences in immunocompetence or condition may predispose some finches to more severe infections with both pathogens. (edu.au)
- LESSONS M hominis and U urealyticum are common pathogens of the urinary system infections but they are rare in osteoarticular infections . (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms18
- Those with urogenital or extragenital infections caused by M. hominis have symptoms similar to other sexually transmitted infections and its presence cannot be determined by its symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- The risk of contracting Mycoplasma infection can be reduced by the following: Using barrier methods such as condoms Seeking medical attention if you are experiencing symptoms suggesting a sexually transmitted infection. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition to the administration of antimicrobials for the management of M pneumoniae infections, other measures (eg, cough suppressants, antipyretics, analgesics) should be administered as needed to relieve headaches and other systemic symptoms. (medscape.com)
- The symptoms of M. pneumoniae infection are similar to those of other respiratory infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- When infection occurs deeper in the lung, more severe symptoms can result. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A person with asthma may find that infection with M. pneumoniae makes their symptoms worse. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The symptoms of M. pneumoniae infection can be more subtle than those of other forms of lung infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A clear diagnosis might only be possible if the symptoms do not respond to the usual treatments for upper respiratory infections, which involve other types of bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- M pneumoniae infections cause symptoms that are usually mild. (healthychildren.org)
- Many people with urinary and genital infection with mycoplasma, especially women, have no symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
- Typical acute signs and signs and signs and symptoms become other non-gonorrhea genitourinary tract infections. (idcrevolution.com)
- Once the infection reaches the urethra, frequency of peeing and emergency of peeing would be the primary signs and signs and signs and symptoms that attract the attention of patients. (idcrevolution.com)
- The symptoms are very similar to those caused by Chlamydiae trachomatis infections. (cleverlysmart.com)
- This fact sheet [1 page] describes Mycoplasma pneumoniae illness, its symptoms, how it's spread and treated, and who is at increased risk. (cdc.gov)
- For temporary relief of symptoms related to Mycoplasma Infection including headache, muscle and joint pain and soreness, and nausea. (nih.gov)
- In conjunction with the presence of clinical symptoms this helps to verify parasitic infection. (thieme-connect.de)
- As long as the patient displays symptoms of influenza, he or she is considered to be contagious - capable of spreading the influenza infection to other persons. (jaxmed.com)
- Signs and symptoms of the disease appear years after measles infection. (cdc.gov)
Strains3
- Areas of particular interest are understanding how the spectrum of TB disease determines the risk of transmission, including the role of subclinical or asymptomatic TB in transmission, aerobiology, environmental impacts on transmission, identifying host factors or host/pathogen interactions that support transmission or ability to transmit infection, defining characteristics of sub-populations of Mtb strains that impact transmission. (nih.gov)
- 7 Using Resistance Plus GC for gonorrhoea diagnostics could support clinicians to treat up to 70% 8-11 of infections with ciprofloxacin, protecting our last effective antibiotic - ceftriaxone - from overuse and the rising threat of antibiotic resistant strains. (businesswire.com)
- The limit of detection of the PCR assay was 10 color-changing units (CCU) of Mycoplasma strains. (canada.ca)
Caused by the bacteria1
- Pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae often affects people younger than age 40. (nih.gov)
Sexually transmitt8
- Seeking medical attention after learning that a current or former sex partner has, or might have had a sexually transmitted infection. (wikipedia.org)
- Mycoplasma genitalium is identified as a pathogen causing sexually transmitted infection. (jsstd.org)
- Recent years have seen much interest in research and knowledge about Mycoplasma genitalium ( M. genitalium) as a pathogen capable of causing sexually transmitted infection (STI). (jsstd.org)
- The flagship test from SpeeDx, Resistance Plus ® MG - detecting the sexually transmitted infection (STI) Mycoplasma genitalium , also known as Mgen or MG, and genetic markers linked to macrolide antibiotic resistance - is currently in clinical trials in preparation for submission to the U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) later this year. (businesswire.com)
- Product portfolios focus on multiplex diagnostics for sexually transmitted infection (STI), antibiotic resistance markers, and respiratory disease. (businesswire.com)
- [1] The term sexually transmitted infection is generally preferred over sexually transmitted disease or venereal disease , as it includes those who do not have symptomatic disease . (wikipedia.org)
- A sexually transmitted infection present in a pregnant woman may be passed on to the infant before or after birth. (wikipedia.org)
- Sexually transmitted infection 18(3):208-209. (academicjournals.org)
Diagnosis5
- [ 2 ] Thus, it becomes essential for the clinicians to have awareness about the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management guidelines of M. genitalium infection. (jsstd.org)
- Because it is difficult to detect or isolate, rapid and accurate diagnosis using improved methods is essential and still challenging for patients with bloodstream infection. (biomedcentral.com)
- This successful application of next generation sequencing assisted the rapid diagnosis of Mycoplasma hominis bloodstream infection, provided a new perspective in the clinical approach and highlighted the potential of this technique in rapid etiological diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Detection of organism-specificDNAin peripheral blood or bone-marrow can assure diagnosis of an acute or chronic infection and is appropriate for monitoring treatment. (thieme-connect.de)
- Ensure that NYS recommendations for M. genitalium screening, diagnosis, and treatment reflect the rapidly evolving evidence regarding the organism, infection, potential complications, and implications of drug resistance. (hivguidelines.org)
Species5
- Thus far, names of hemotrophic mycoplasma species have been based on the hosts from which they were identified. (cdc.gov)
- Mycoplasma species have also been mistakenly believed to be L-forms of bacteria, which also lack cell walls. (medscape.com)
- General characteristics of Mycoplasma species. (medscape.com)
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the few Mycoplasma species that causes human disease. (medscape.com)
- More than a hundred Mycoplasma species are known. (cleverlysmart.com)
Bacterium2
Bacterial infections3
- Serologic and microbiologic studies were negative for acute viral and non-Mycoplasma bacterial infections. (cdc.gov)
- This case illustrates that it is important to evaluate anatomic abnormalities, especially in the setting of serious bacterial infections such as meningitis, as they have the potential to serve as a reservoir for infection. (medscape.com)
- Dogs with viral and bacterial infections can sometimes be very sick. (askavetquestion.com)
Trachomatis infections1
- Mycoplasma hominis and C trachomatis infections may be important preventable causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes in identifiable subgroups of women. (nih.gov)
Bacteria that cause2
- Mycoplasmas are bacteria that cause infections in the respiratory tract and the urinary and genital tracts. (msdmanuals.com)
- Mycoplasmas are small widespread bacteria that cause respiratory or urogenital (relating to the organs that remove liquid waste from your body and to your sex organs) infections in humans. (cleverlysmart.com)
Humans5
- Infections caused by hemotrophic mycoplasmas (formerly called eperythrozoonoses ) in animals and humans have been emerging in the People's Republic of China in recent years. (cdc.gov)
- Other respiratory mycoplasmas exist but are not pathogenic to humans. (cleverlysmart.com)
- In humans, Mycoplasma hominis does not appear to have a pathogenic role. (cleverlysmart.com)
- Mycoplasma hominis is one of the main opportunistic pathogenic mycoplasmas in humans which has a major impact on patients with bloodstream infections. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mycoplasma hominis ( M. hominis ) is one of the main opportunistic mycoplasmas in humans capable of causing disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Acute3
- In animals, especially in piglets, the disease is characterized by febrile acute anemia, jaundice, and eventual death resulting from concurrent infection with other microbes ( 3 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
- A 63-year-old white male (85 kg) was admitted because of community-acquired pneumonia with associated pericarditis and subclinical hepatitis, subsequently related to acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (diagnostic positive immuno-globulin M enzyme immunoassay, on hospital days 5 and 20). (nih.gov)
- Influenza (commonly called "the flu") is an acute, contagious, respiratory tract infection, which is caused by one of the influenza viruses (A, B, or C). Outbreaks of influenza happen nearly every winter, with varying severity. (jaxmed.com)
Atypical1
- Atypical pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of mortality among the pediatric age group. (ajol.info)
Asymptomatic1
- Infection may be asymptomatic or. (merckmanuals.com)
Respiratory tract6
- Their advantage lies in the fact that they are active against all classes of bacteria that produce clinically similar respiratory tract infections, including macrolide-resistant S pneumoniae . (medscape.com)
- thus, respiratory tract infections are expected to respond better to longer treatment courses than might be offered for other types of infections. (medscape.com)
- The bacteria usually cause an upper respiratory tract infection with a cough and sore throat . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In most cases, the bronchitis and upper respiratory tract illnesses associated with M pneumoniae infections are mild and get better on their own without antibiotic treatment. (healthychildren.org)
- Experimental infection of the respiratory tract with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. (nih.gov)
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae does not belong to the commensal flora of the respiratory tract. (cleverlysmart.com)
Clinical10
- Pregnant women and newborns were reported to be more vulnerable to the disease than others and to show more severe clinical signs after infection ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Human infections were confirmed by clinical and laboratory methods ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- 600 pigs with previous diagnoses of mycoplasma infection accompanied by clinical signs of fever and jaundice. (cdc.gov)
- Projects will establish a partnership of investigators and clinical study sites in TB endemic countries where drug sensitive and drug resistant TB is prevalent, where co-infection with HIV is of concern, and where patient demographics are well described with access to both adult and pediatric patients and controls. (nih.gov)
- Clinical manifestation of concurrent infections with different „blood parasites" in a splenectomized dog. (thieme-connect.de)
- Concurrent primary infections, other immunosuppressive reasons or splenectomy in case of hemoplasmosis can activate one or more persistent infections with blood parasites into a clinical phase. (thieme-connect.de)
- Doxycycline has been shown to be active against most isolates of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections as described in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section of the package insert. (nih.gov)
- This guideline on management of Mycoplasma genitalium infection was developed by the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute (NYSDOH AI) Clinical Guidelines Program. (hivguidelines.org)
- Assist clinicians in recognizing common clinical manifestations of M. genitalium infection. (hivguidelines.org)
- The consensus is that, except in very young calves where it can be a primary pathogen, its role is to complicate infection due to the common conventional bacterial BRD culprits, and extend the clinical course of pneumonia. (uwyo.edu)
Bovis4
- There was disagreement in the past about the importance of Mycoplasma bovis in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. (uwyo.edu)
- Tissue positive by PCR for Mycoplasma bovis. (uwyo.edu)
- Protection against Mycoplasma bovis infection in calves following intranasal vaccination with modified-live Mannheimia haemolytica expressing Mycoplasma antigens. (usda.gov)
- Relative virulence in bison and cattle of bison-associated genotypes of Mycoplasma bovis. (usda.gov)
Pathogen2
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae-an emerging extra-pulmonary pathogen. (medscape.com)
- When the pia mater is violated, or when a patient acquires infection in the bloodstream, the pathogen may penetrate the blood-cord barrier, leaving a certain segment of the population-especially those who are immunocompromised and intravenous drug users-at risk of developing an infection of the spinal cord due to mechanisms similar to those that may cause a brain abscess. (medscape.com)
Antibiotic1
- Mycoplasmas may be difficult to eradicate from human or animal hosts or from cell cultures by antibiotic treatment because of resistance to the antibiotic, or because it does not kill the mycoplasma cell. (wikipedia.org)
Parasites1
- Mycoplasma organisms cause infection primarily as extracellular parasites, attaching to the surface of ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory and genital tracts. (medscape.com)
Pelvic1
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the upper female reproductive organs (the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries). (msdmanuals.com)
Mycoides4
- Antigenic and genetic characterisation of lipoprotein lppC from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. (vetres.org)
- Lipoprotein lppC , an immunodominant antigen, and its corresponding gene lppC were characterised in Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (SC) type, the etiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). (vetres.org)
- Genes homologous to lppC have also been detected in closely related mycoplasmas such as M. mycoides subsp. (vetres.org)
- Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. (vetres.org)
Ureaplasma Infections1
- and ureaplasma infections. (nih.gov)
Severe2
- Updated information on adverse events and contraindications, particularly for persons with severe HIV infection, persons with a history of egg allergy or gelatin allergy, persons with a history of thrombocytopenia, and persons receiving steroid therapy. (cdc.gov)
- The disease can be severe and is most frequently complicated by diarrhea, middle ear infection, or bronchopneumonia. (cdc.gov)
Pathogenic4
- This is the case with Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum which can potentially become pathogenic in some cases. (cleverlysmart.com)
- In the case of Mycoplasma genitalium, its presence is considered to be pathogenic from the outset. (cleverlysmart.com)
- If Mycoplasma genitalium is considered pathogenic, it is different for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum which are commensals of the genital tract. (cleverlysmart.com)
- Mycoplasma genitalium is initially considered to be pathogenic. (cleverlysmart.com)
Pregnant2
- The exact role of Mycoplasma hominis (and to a lesser extent Ureaplasma) in regards to a number of conditions related to pregnant women and their (unborn) offspring is controversial. (wikipedia.org)
- for example, in Inner Mongolia, samples collected from 1,529 randomly selected persons during 1994-1996 showed that 35.3% of the local population, 57.0% of local pregnant women, and 100% of newborns of infected mothers were positive for hemotrophic mycoplasma infection ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Infectious Diseases1
- The following summary is modified from Baum's "Introduction to Mycoplasma Diseases" in Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Urogenital1
- Extrogenital damage is possible for these mycoplasmas usually responsible for urogenital damage. (cleverlysmart.com)
Lung4
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia Community-acquired pneumonia is lung infection that develops in people who are not patients in a hospital, usually in people with normal (competent) immune systems, or in those who are immunocompromised. (msdmanuals.com)
- Pneumonia is inflamed or swollen lung tissue due to infection with a germ. (medlineplus.gov)
- lung tissue due to infection with a germ. (nih.gov)
- While these infections are usually mild, pneumonia (lung infection) can occur. (cdc.gov)
Affects people younger1
- Mycoplasma pneumonia usually affects people younger than 40. (medlineplus.gov)
Mild6
- Indicated to treat mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia, including infections caused by multidrug resistant S pneumoniae ). (medscape.com)
- Most illnesses that come from Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( M. pneumoniae ) are mild. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Most cases of M. pneumoniae infection last in a mild form for several weeks. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Doctors do not usually recommend lab tests for a mild pneumonia infection, as they can be unreliable, expensive, not widely available, or take a long time. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- This infection is sometimes called "walking" pneumonia, which is a nonmedical term for mild pneumonia that does not require bedrest or hospitalization. (msdmanuals.com)
- Type C influenza does not cause epidemics, and it usually only produces a mild infection. (jaxmed.com)
Antibodies1
- Sometimes doctors diagnose Mycoplasma pneumoniae by doing blood tests to detect antibodies to it. (msdmanuals.com)
Viral infections2
Disease2
- Hemotrophic mycoplasma infection is still a neglected zoonotic disease, which poses a threat to public health and the animal industry, especially in China ( 2 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
- This supplemental information includes excerpts from Stephen Buhner's book " Healing Lyme Disease Coinfections: Complementary and Holistic Treatments for Bartonella and Mycoplasma " and citations from Bill Rawls, MD. (weeksmd.com)
