Mycoplasmatales
Acholeplasma
Acholeplasma laidlawii
Mycoplasmal antibodies as determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in tubal factor infertility. (1/41)
A total of 81 infertile women, who had been referred for diagnostic loparoscopy, were tested for the presence of antibodies to Mycoplasma hominis and T-mycoplasma. Out of 81, 30 had tubal adhesions and 51 had unilateral/bilateral tubal blockage. Antibodies to M. hominis were found in 21/30 (70%) and 14/51 (27.45%) women, antibodies to T-mycoplasma in 12/20 (40% and 39/51 (76.47%) women with tubal disorder. In a control group of 40 pregnant women, antibodies to the same two organisms occurred in 10% and 32.5%. Antibodies to M. hominis and T-mycoplasma were significantly (P < 0.001) more common in women with tubal disorder. Our results confirm the important role of M. hominis and T-mycoplasma in the aetiology of tubal infertility. (+info)Relevant prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum serogroups in HIV-1 infected men without urethritis symptoms. (2/41)
M. hominis and U. urealyticum are the better-known mycoplasma species pathogenic to the human genitourinary tract, causing mainly urethritis, bacterial vaginosis and pregnancy complications. In HIV-infected patients, the prevalence and role of these species is still not well known. The aim of this work was to determinate the prevalence of these species in this group of male patients (HIV group), in comparison to a group of men with clinical symptoms of urethritis (STD group). M. hominis was isolated from 7.5% patients (8/106) and U. urealyticum from 18.9% patients (20/106) from the HIV group, being among these 62.5% and 85% in significant concentrations, respectively. In the STD group these rates were 0.9% (1/110) for M. hominis and 13.6% (15/110) for U. urealyticum, being 100% and 93.3% in significant concentrations, respectively. We could demonstrate infection rates by these mycoplasma species in the HIV group as high as the one found in the STD one, what may indicate the occurrence of opportunistic infections in our population. This fact is discussed here because in immunosuppressed patients, specially M. hominis has been reported causing severe infections, even systemically. (+info)Comparison of multiplex PCR assay with culture for detection of genital mycoplasmas. (3/41)
Ureaplasma, spp. Mycoplasma genitalium, and Mycoplasma hominis are associated with infection of the genitourinary tract, reproductive failure, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We have developed a multiplex PCR for the detection of these Mycoplasmatales in a single amplification reaction. The analytical sensitivities of this assay were 10.8, 10.8, and 8.8 CFU for each organism, respectively. This multiplex PCR was compared to culture on 26 cervical swabs, 2 vaginal swabs, 4 female urine specimens, 49 semen samples, 2 male urine specimens, and 1 nonspecified sample. A total of 21 specimens were culture positive (25%); 17 of these were PCR positive. An additional 11 specimens were PCR positive but culture negative. Of the 21 culture-positive specimens, 17 (81%) grew Ureaplasma spp. and 4 (19%) grew Mycoplasma spp. Of the 28 PCR-positive specimens, Ureaplasma spp. was detected in 23 (82%), M. hominis was detected in 3 (11%), and both were detected in 2 (7%). In a confirmatory analysis, all samples were tested by amplification of a second target of the ureaplasma genome. True-positive cases were defined as a positive result by culture or by both amplification assays. The multiplex PCR detected organisms in 26 of the 30 true-positive specimens, as well as in 2 other specimens. Based on a 36% prevalence of infection, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of multiplex PCR analyses were 87, 96, 94, and 93%, respectively. Multiplex PCR offers a rapid, sensitive, and easy method to detect genital mycoplasmas. (+info)Clinical and biological characteristics of Ureaplasma urealyticum induced polyarthritis in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. (4/41)
Persistent infectious polyarthritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum in a patient with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia is described. The patient developed a symmetrical, destructive polyarthritis and tenosynovitis associated with a markedly depressed synovial fluid glucose concentration and characteristic soft tissue abscesses. The ureaplasma organism developed resistance to multiple antibiotics and persisted for five years. The organism was identified repeatedly in many joints by culture, confirmed by DNA hybridisation, and mycoplasma-like structures were shown in synovial tissues by electron microscopy. (+info)Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual males in Seville, Spain. (5/41)
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The absence of any official statistics on the prevalence of STD in homosexual men in Spain induced us to carry out a prospective study of new homosexual patients who consulted the STD Clinic of the School of Medicine in Seville, between January 1988 and December 1989. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in this group of patients. RESULTS: 1805 patients were seen during the study period; 318 patients were homosexual of whom 309 agreed to participate in the study. Of the 309 homosexual men, 108 (35%) had symptoms and the remaining 201 (65%) were asymptomatic. In the symptomatic group the diagnoses were: syphilis 28 (25.9%); urethritis 40 (37%) (of these 40, 11 had Neisseria gonorrhoeae, five had Chlamydia trachomatis, five had Ureaplasma urealyticum, one had Herpes simplex virus and in 18 no pathogen was detected); genital herpes seven (6.4%). Eleven (10%) had concomitant infections. The following infections were found in the asymptomatic group: syphilis 23 (11.4%), N gonorrhoeae six (3%), C trachomatis two (1%), Herpes simplex virus one (0.5%). Antibodies against HIV were detected in 30 (9.6%) of the total group. CONCLUSIONS: Sexually transmitted diseases are common amongst homosexual men in Seville and many of these are asymptomatic. (+info)Survival of feline mycoplasmas in urine. (6/41)
The effects of length of incubation and urine osmolality on the survival of feline mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas and representative gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in synthetic urine which approximated the osmolality of normal cat urine were investigated. Both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus withstood the effects of increasing osmotic pressure. In the most concentrated urine, significant decreases (P less than 0.001) in CFU were observed for E. coli at exposure times of 30 min and longer. S. aureus was not affected by longer exposure or increased osmotic strength. Both Mycoplasma felis and Mycoplasma gateae were affected adversely by longer exposure times and high osmotic strength (P less than 0.001). A Ureaplasma sp. was not adversely affected except at very high (greater than or equal to 2,980 mosM) osmotic strengths or after prolonged incubation (120 min) at relatively high (1,976 mosM) osmotic strengths (P less than 0.001). The failure of both M. felis and M. gateae to survive under osmotic conditions present in normal feline urine suggests that it is unlikely that these mycoplasmas are involved in urinary disorders in cats. (+info)Purification and properties of acetate kinase from Acholeplasma laidlawii. (7/41)
Acetate kinase (EC 2.7.2.1) was purified from Acholeplasma laidlawii cytoplasm by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography on 8-(6-aminohexylamino)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate conjugated to Sepharose 4B. The enzyme was composed of polypeptide chains of about 50,000 molecular weight as estimated from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under nondenaturating conditions, apparent molecular weights between 64,000 and 130,000 were obtained, depending upon mainly the ionic strength of the test solution. The enzyme had a narrow specificity for phosphate acceptor acids, whereas both purine and pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates were suitable phosphate donors. Na(+) and K(+) inhibited both acetyl phosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis, and the latter was also inhibited by high concentrations of adenosine 5'-diphosphate and acetyl phosphate. This substrate inhibition was partially abolished by 0.5 M NaCl. The enzyme catalyzed the independent adenosine 5'-diphosphate<-->adenosine 5'-triphosphate and acetate<-->acetyl phosphate exchanges. The rate of the latter was enhanced by the addition of cosubstrate Mg(2+)-adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The high affinity for substrates, except for acetate, indicated that under physiological conditions the direction of the enzymic reaction favors adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis. Thus, a mechanism for adenosine 5'-triphosphate generation in mycoplasmas is suggested. (+info)Biochemical and histologic findings in experimental pyelonephritis due to Ureaplasma urealyticum. (8/41)
Ureaplasma urealyticum has previously been shown to be capable of persisting in the rat kidney for up to 6 months following a single reflux challenge. We examined kidney tissue from infected animals for evidence of renal damage by using standard cytochemical and immunoenzyme methods. We also monitored changes in renal function during a 6-month study period with standard biochemical assays of plasma and urine. Histologic examination showed tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and a mononuclear infiltrate in proportion to ureaplasma counts from renal tissue. The most severe damage was accompanied by hyaline cast formation within tubules which gave rise to the typical thyroidlike appearance of chronic pyelonephritis involving conventional urinary pathogens. Macroscopic renal scarring occurred in some animals. Although damage to the renal medulla was moderate to severe, only minor changes were seen in the cortex, and glomeruli were invariably spared. Biochemical tests of renal function showed similar changes in infected and uninfected animals during the study period. Interstitial inflammation was characterized by a mononuclear cell infiltrate in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes were not conspicuous. It is evident that U. urealyticum is capable of producing chronic pyelonephritis in the rat after a single reflux challenge. The results of this study have obvious implications for the pathogenicity of these bacteria in human pyelonephritis. (+info)Mycoplasmatales is an order of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are characterized by their small size and simple genome. They are commonly found in various environments, including the human body, where they can be part of the normal flora or associated with diseases. The order Mycoplasmatales contains several genera, including Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and Acholeplasma, among others. These bacteria can cause a variety of infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted diseases. Due to their small size and lack of a cell wall, they can be resistant to many antibiotics, making them difficult to treat in some cases.
Mycoplasmatales infections refer to illnesses caused by bacteria belonging to the order Mycoplasmatales, which are characterized as the smallest self-replicating organisms lacking a cell wall. The most common pathogens in this group include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, while M. genitalium is associated with sexually transmitted infections, including urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. M. hominis and U. urealyticum are typically commensals but can cause invasive diseases such as septic arthritis, endocarditis, or meningitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
Infections caused by these organisms often present with nonspecific symptoms, making diagnosis challenging. Diagnosis usually involves serological tests, nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs), or culture methods. Treatment typically includes macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones, depending on the specific pathogen and its antibiotic susceptibility profile.
Acholeplasma is a genus of bacteria that are characterized by their lack of a cell wall and their ability to grow in the absence of cholesterol, which is required for the growth of related genera such as Mycoplasma. These organisms are commonly found in various environments, including water, soil, and animals, and can cause opportunistic infections in humans and other animals.
Acholeplasma species are small, pleomorphic bacteria that lack a cell wall and therefore do not stain with Gram's stain. They are typically spherical or coccoid in shape, but can also appear as rods or filaments. These organisms are resistant to many antibiotics due to their lack of a cell wall and the absence of a peptidoglycan layer.
In humans, Acholeplasma species have been associated with respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. However, these organisms are often considered to be commensals or colonizers rather than true pathogens, as they can also be found in healthy individuals without causing any symptoms.
Overall, Acholeplasma species are important bacteria that can cause opportunistic infections in humans and other animals, but their role in health and disease is still not fully understood.
*Acholeplasma laidlawii* is a species of bacteria that belongs to the class Mollicutes. It is a wall-less, pleomorphic organism that can exist in various shapes such as coccoid, rod-like, or filamentous. This bacterium is commonly found in the environment, including water, soil, and plants, and can also be part of the normal microbiota of animals, including humans.
*Acholeplasma laidlawii* is an obligate parasite, meaning it requires a host to survive and reproduce. It is typically associated with causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals or as a contaminant in laboratory settings. This bacterium can be difficult to culture and identify due to its small size and lack of a cell wall.
It's worth noting that *Acholeplasma laidlawii* is not considered a significant human pathogen, and infections caused by this organism are rare and usually mild. However, it has been used as a model organism in various research studies, including those investigating the mechanisms of bacterial cell division, membrane composition, and interactions with host cells.
Mycoplasma: A type of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are among the smallest organisms capable of self-replication. They can cause various infections in humans, animals, and plants. In humans, they are associated with respiratory tract infections (such as pneumonia), urogenital infections (like pelvic inflammatory disease), and some sexually transmitted diseases. Mycoplasma species are also known to contaminate cell cultures and can interfere with research experiments. Due to their small size and lack of a cell wall, they are resistant to many common antibiotics, making them difficult to treat.
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bacteria
Mycoplasmataceae1
- M. pneumoniae is a member of the family Mycoplasmataceae and order Mycoplasmatales. (wikipedia.org)
Mycoplasma1
- skin) in order Mycoplasmatales, only Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Acholeplasma kinds can be isolated in humans. (medical-actu.com)
Bacteria2
- Infections with bacteria of the family ANAPLASMATACEAE. (uchicago.edu)
- Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. (rush.edu)
Gram-Negative B3
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
Mycoplasmas1
- Hemoplasmas, or hemotropic mycoplasmas, are epierythrocytic parasites within the order Mycoplasmatales. (merckvetmanual.com)
Persistence1
- The persistence of M. pneumoniae infections even after treatment is associated with its ability to mimic host cell surface composition. (wikipedia.org)
Organisms2
- It is also predicted that genomically recoded organisms are immune to infection by viruses, under the assumption that phages and their hosts must share a common genetic code ( 6 ). (scienceintheclassroom.org)
- Despite these assumptions and accompanying lines of evidence, it remains unclear whether differential and noncanonical codon usage represents an absolute barrier to phage infection and genetic exchange between organisms. (scienceintheclassroom.org)
Antibacterial1
- 2016 ) found that the pathways of focal adhesion and disease infection significantly increased in the diseased shrimp, while the antibacterial pathways decreased accompanied with the variety of intestinal microbial composition. (springeropen.com)
TOPIC1
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Anaplasmataceae Infections" by people in this website by year, and whether "Anaplasmataceae Infections" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
Total1
- Rifampin does not block the early steps in MVL51 infection but does decrease the total amount of parental viral DNA taken up. (lookformedical.com)
Bacterial Infections1
- Classify works on localized bacterial infections by site. (nih.gov)
Mycoplasmas1
- The InvaderPlus® assay could be useful in diagnosing genitourinary tract infections caused by the genital mycoplasmas. (bvsalud.org)
Descriptor1
- Desulfovibrionaceae Infections" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
Pneumonia1
- Mycoplasma agalactiae causes mastitis (infection of the mammary glands), arthritis, and pneumonia in sheep and goats. (up.ac.za)
Agents3
- Numerous reports have dealt with inapparent respiratory infections as well as the respiratory diseases due to infectious agents in these animals. (nih.gov)
- Subclinical infection is far more common than overt disease for all of the agents. (nih.gov)
- Dual or multiple infections usually are responsible when severe respiratory disease occurs (thus, diagnostic efforts must test for multiple agents and must obtain positive evidence for incriminating some and negative evidence for excluding others). (nih.gov)