Nelson Syndrome
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Adenoma, Chromophobe
Gold Radioisotopes
Cushing Syndrome
Pituitary Neoplasms
Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion
Serotonin Syndrome
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Serotonin
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Encyclopedias as Topic
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors
Pituitary tumors: pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management. (1/26)
Pituitary tumors are frequently encountered intracranial neoplasms. They present with a variety of clinical manifestations that include symptoms and signs of excessive hormone secretion by the tumor, signs of hormone deficits by the normal pituitary gland and others related to expansion of the tumor mass and the resulting compression of surrounding structures such as the optic chiasm and cranial nerves. Advances in molecular biology, immunocytochemical staining and imaging, and the introduction of new treatment options have improved our understanding of the natural history of these adenomas and their management. Available treatments include surgical, medical and radiation therapy. Although the primary treatment for each tumor type may vary, it is important to consider all available options and select the most applicable for that patient. The interaction of all members of management team, including the primary care provider, the endocrinologist and the neurosurgeon in selecting the treatment course can only improve therapeutic outcome. Regardless of the initial choice of treatment,follow-up of all patients should be maintained indefinitely. The managing physician should be familiar with the natural history and long-term complications of pituitary adenomas, and with the side effects of treatments given over the years. (+info)Expression of 5'-deiodinase enzymes in normal pituitaries and in various human pituitary adenomas. (2/26)
OBJECTIVE: Local 5'-deiodination of l-thyroxine (T(4)) to active thyroid hormone 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) catalyzed by the two 5'-deiodinase enzymes (D1 and D2) regulates various T(3)-dependent functions in the anterior pituitary and has been well studied in rodents. Only limited information about deiodinase expression and its cellular distribution in human anterior pituitaries is available. DESIGN: We examined 5'-deiodinase enzyme activities in pituitary adenomas (18 non-functioning, seven TSH-producing, one GH- and TSH-producing, five GH-producing, eight prolactin (PRL)-producing, two adenomas each from patients with Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome) and three normal anterior pituitaries. METHODS: Activities were measured as release of (125)I(-) from tyrosyl-ring labeled reverse T(3) with or without propylthiouracil, a potent inhibitor of D1 which does not influence D2 activities. RESULTS: Most of the adenomas and normal tissues expressed both isoenzymes, with D2 activity higher than D1. In a few tissues D1 activity was higher than D2 and some tissues did not express D1 activity at all. Highest activities of both enzymes were found in TSH- and PRL-producing adenomas but absolute activities and the D1/D2 ratio were variable in the same kind of tumor in different patients. CONCLUSION: The finding that all examined tissues expressed 5'-deiodinase activity, most of them expressing both isoenzymes, implies that both enzymes are still active in tumors and that local deiodination is important for the function and feedback regulation of human anterior pituitary. (+info)Microsurgical treatment of Nelson's syndrome. (3/26)
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the etiology, diagnostic criteria and treatment of Nelson's syndrome. METHODS: Twenty-three patients with Nelson's syndrome who were treated in our department over the last 19 years were analyzed retrospectively. Removal of adenoma by the transsphenoidal approach was done in 21 patients and by transfrontal craniotomy in 2. The follow-up period ranged from six months to nine years. RESULTS: The incidence of Nelson's syndrome was 7.7% in a series of 300 patients with Cushing's disease treated by microsurgery in the same period. Hyperpigmentation was relieved and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels decreased in all patients after tumor excision. Eight patients with visual disturbance improved after surgery. The curative and remission rates were 56.5% and 26.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of pituitary ACTH adenoma is the first choice in the prevention and treatment of Nelson's syndrome. Regular follow-up examinations should be performed over a long time. (+info)Rosiglitazone for prevention or adjuvant treatment of Nelson's syndrome after bilateral adrenalectomy. (4/26)
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Rosiglitazone in three patients treated with bilateral adrenalectomy followed by hyperpigmentation and hypersecretion of ACTH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One patient had increasing ACTH after previous transsphenoidal surgery for Nelson's syndrome, and two patients without pituitary adenomas had recurrence of Cushing's disease after primary and repeated transsphenoidal surgery with need for bilateral adrenalectomy. The patients developed hyperpigmentation and increasing ACTH at nadir 2-4 h after morning hydrocortisone dose. ACTH during Rosiglitazone therapy (4 mg/day for 4 weeks and then 8 mg/day) was measured at regular intervals 24 h after the latest dose of hydrocortisone. RESULTS: In two patients there was a decrease in ACTH by 40% after 5 months. The first of these patients showed an escape with increasing ACTH to the initial value after 11 months. In the third patient no effect was observed. Tumour development or progression on magnetic resonance imaging was not observed. CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone might represent an adjuvant therapy in patients with ACTH hypersecretion. Larger long-term studies are needed. (+info)Nelson's Syndrome. (5/26)
Nelson's syndrome is a potentially severe complication of bilateral adrenalectomy performed in the treatment of Cushing's disease, and its management remains difficult. Of all of the features of Nelson's syndrome, the one that causes most concern is the development of a locally aggressive pituitary tumour, which, unusually for pituitary disease, may occasionally cause death from the tumour itself. This feature is especially pertinent given the increasing use in Cushing's disease of laparoscopic bilateral adrenal surgery as a highly effective treatment modality to control cortisol-excess. Despite numerous studies and reports, there is no formal consensus of what defines Nelson's syndrome. Thus, some will define Nelson's syndrome according to the classical description with an evolving pituitary mass after bilateral adrenalectomy, whereas others will rely on increasing plasma ACTH levels, even in the absence of a clear pituitary mass lesion on MRI. These factors need to be borne in mind when considering the reports of Nelson's syndrome, as there is great heterogeneity, and it is likely that overall the modern 'Nelson's syndrome' represents a different disease entity from that of the last century. In the present paper, clinical and epidemiological features of Nelson's syndrome, as well as its treatment modalities, are reviewed. (+info)Treatment of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome: a consensus statement. (6/26)
(+info)Treatment of Nelson's syndrome with temozolomide. (7/26)
(+info)Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery of Nelson syndrome. (8/26)
(+info)Nelson's syndrome is a rare condition that occurs in some patients with a history of Cushing's disease who have undergone bilateral adrenalectomy (removal of both adrenal glands). Following the surgery, these patients may develop enlargement of the pituitary gland (pituitary tumor) and increased production of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from the remaining pituitary tissue. This results in hyperpigmentation of the skin due to the melanocyte-stimulating property of ACTH, as well as other symptoms related to hormonal imbalance. It is named after the endocrinologist Don Nelson who first described this condition in 1958.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) is a hormone produced and released by the anterior pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. ACTH plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's stress response and has significant effects on various physiological processes.
The primary function of ACTH is to stimulate the adrenal glands, which are triangular-shaped glands situated on top of the kidneys. The adrenal glands consist of two parts: the outer cortex and the inner medulla. ACTH specifically targets the adrenal cortex, where it binds to specific receptors and initiates a series of biochemical reactions leading to the production and release of steroid hormones, primarily cortisol (a glucocorticoid) and aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid).
Cortisol is involved in various metabolic processes, such as regulating blood sugar levels, modulating the immune response, and helping the body respond to stress. Aldosterone plays a vital role in maintaining electrolyte and fluid balance by promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
ACTH release is controlled by the hypothalamus, another part of the brain, which produces corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to secrete ACTH, which in turn triggers cortisol production in the adrenal glands. This complex feedback system helps maintain homeostasis and ensures that appropriate amounts of cortisol are released in response to various physiological and psychological stressors.
Disorders related to ACTH can lead to hormonal imbalances, resulting in conditions such as Cushing's syndrome (excessive cortisol production) or Addison's disease (insufficient cortisol production). Proper diagnosis and management of these disorders typically involve assessing the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and addressing any underlying issues affecting ACTH secretion.
A chromophobe adenoma is a type of benign (non-cancerous) tumor that typically arises in the pituitary gland, which is a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. The term "chromophobe" refers to the appearance of the cells under a microscope - they lack pigment and have a characteristic appearance with abundant clear or lightly stained cytoplasm.
Chromophobe adenomas are slow-growing tumors that can vary in size, and they may cause symptoms due to pressure on surrounding structures or by producing excess hormones. The most common hormone produced by chromophobe adenomas is prolactin, leading to symptoms such as menstrual irregularities, milk production (galactorrhea), and decreased sexual function in women, and decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, and infertility in men.
Treatment for chromophobe adenomas typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, often through a transsphenoidal approach (through the nose and sphenoid sinus). In some cases, radiation therapy or medical management with hormone-blocking drugs may also be necessary. Regular follow-up with an endocrinologist is important to monitor for any recurrence or hormonal imbalances.
Gold radioisotopes are unstable forms of gold that emit radiation as they decay into more stable elements. They are not typically used for medical purposes, but there have been some experimental uses in the treatment of cancer. For example, Gold-198 is a radioisotope that has been used in the brachytherapy (internal radiation therapy) of certain types of tumors. It releases high-energy gamma rays and is often used as a sealed source for the treatment of cancer.
It's important to note that the use of radioisotopes in medicine, including gold radioisotopes, should only be performed under the supervision of trained medical professionals and radiation safety experts due to the potential risks associated with radiation exposure.
Cushing syndrome is a hormonal disorder that occurs when your body is exposed to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a long time. This can happen due to various reasons such as taking high doses of corticosteroid medications or tumors that produce cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
The symptoms of Cushing syndrome may include:
* Obesity, particularly around the trunk and upper body
* Thinning of the skin, easy bruising, and purple or red stretch marks on the abdomen, thighs, breasts, and arms
* Weakened bones, leading to fractures
* High blood pressure
* High blood sugar
* Mental changes such as depression, anxiety, and irritability
* Increased fatigue and weakness
* Menstrual irregularities in women
* Decreased fertility in men
Cushing syndrome can be diagnosed through various tests, including urine and blood tests to measure cortisol levels, saliva tests, and imaging tests to locate any tumors. Treatment depends on the cause of the condition but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or adjusting medication dosages.
Pituitary neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), with most being benign. They can vary in size and may cause various symptoms depending on their location, size, and hormonal activity.
Pituitary neoplasms can produce and secrete excess hormones, leading to a variety of endocrine disorders such as Cushing's disease (caused by excessive ACTH production), acromegaly (caused by excessive GH production), or prolactinoma (caused by excessive PRL production). They can also cause local compression symptoms due to their size, leading to headaches, vision problems, and cranial nerve palsies.
The exact causes of pituitary neoplasms are not fully understood, but genetic factors, radiation exposure, and certain inherited conditions may increase the risk of developing these tumors. Treatment options for pituitary neoplasms include surgical removal, radiation therapy, and medical management with drugs that can help control hormonal imbalances.
Pituitary ACTH hypersecretion, also known as Cushing's disease, is a condition characterized by the excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland. This results in an overproduction of cortisol, a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, leading to a constellation of symptoms known as Cushing's syndrome.
In Cushing's disease, a benign tumor called an adenoma develops on the pituitary gland, causing it to release excess ACTH. This in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to produce more cortisol than necessary. The resulting high levels of cortisol can cause various symptoms such as weight gain, particularly around the trunk and face (central obesity), thinning of the skin, bruising, weakness, fatigue, mood changes, high blood pressure, and an increased risk of infections.
It is important to distinguish Cushing's disease from other causes of Cushing's syndrome, such as cortisol-producing adrenal tumors or exogenous sources of corticosteroid use, as the treatment approach may differ. Treatment for Cushing's disease typically involves surgical removal of the pituitary tumor, with additional medical management and/or radiation therapy in some cases.
Adrenalectomy is a surgical procedure in which one or both adrenal glands are removed. The adrenal glands are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of each kidney that produce hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline (epinephrine).
There are several reasons why an adrenalectomy may be necessary. For example, the procedure may be performed to treat tumors or growths on the adrenal glands, such as pheochromocytomas, which can cause high blood pressure and other symptoms. Adrenalectomy may also be recommended for patients with Cushing's syndrome, a condition in which the body is exposed to too much cortisol, or for those with adrenal cancer.
During an adrenalectomy, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen or back and removes the affected gland or glands. In some cases, laparoscopic surgery may be used, which involves making several small incisions and using specialized instruments to remove the gland. After the procedure, patients may need to take hormone replacement therapy to compensate for the loss of adrenal gland function.
A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.
For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.
Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition that arises from excessive serotonergic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system. It is typically caused by the interaction of medications, illicit substances, or dietary supplements that increase serotonin levels or enhance serotonin receptor sensitivity.
The diagnostic criteria for serotonin syndrome include:
1. Presence of a serotonergic medication or drug known to cause the syndrome
2. Development of neuromuscular abnormalities, such as hyperreflexia, myoclonus, tremor, rigidity, or akathisia
3. Autonomic dysfunction, including diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, and hyperthermia
4. Mental status changes, such as agitation, confusion, hallucinations, or coma
5. Symptoms that develop rapidly, usually within hours of a change in serotonergic medication or dosage
Serotonin syndrome can range from mild to severe, with the most severe cases potentially leading to respiratory failure, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and death. Treatment typically involves discontinuation of the offending agent(s), supportive care, and pharmacologic interventions such as cyproheptadine or cooling measures for hyperthermia.
Methylergonovine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called ergot alkaloids. It is primarily used to prevent and treat uterine bleeding after childbirth. Medically, it is defined as a semi-synthetic ergopeptide analog with oxytocic properties, which stimulates myometrial contractions and reduces postpartum hemorrhage.
Methylergonovine works by stimulating the smooth muscle of the uterus, causing it to contract. This helps to return the uterus to its pre-pregnancy size and also helps to control bleeding after childbirth. It is important to note that methylergonovine should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can have serious side effects if not used properly.
Serotonin uptake inhibitors (also known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or SSRIs) are a class of medications primarily used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep, among other functions.
SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron, allowing more serotonin to be available in the synapse (the space between two neurons) for binding to postsynaptic receptors. This results in increased serotonergic neurotransmission and improved mood regulation.
Examples of SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), citalopram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro). These medications are generally well-tolerated, with side effects that may include nausea, headache, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and increased anxiety or agitation. However, they can have serious interactions with other medications, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting an SSRI.
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is found primarily in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood platelets, and the central nervous system (CNS) of humans and other animals. It is produced by the conversion of the amino acid tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), and then to serotonin.
In the CNS, serotonin plays a role in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, memory, learning, and behavior, among other functions. It also acts as a vasoconstrictor, helping to regulate blood flow and blood pressure. In the GI tract, it is involved in peristalsis, the contraction and relaxation of muscles that moves food through the digestive system.
Serotonin is synthesized and stored in serotonergic neurons, which are nerve cells that use serotonin as their primary neurotransmitter. These neurons are found throughout the brain and spinal cord, and they communicate with other neurons by releasing serotonin into the synapse, the small gap between two neurons.
Abnormal levels of serotonin have been linked to a variety of disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and migraines. Medications that affect serotonin levels, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are commonly used to treat these conditions.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that work by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase, an enzyme found in the brain and other organs of the body. This enzyme is responsible for breaking down certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, which are chemicals that transmit signals in the brain.
By inhibiting the action of monoamine oxidase, MAOIs increase the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which can help to alleviate symptoms of depression and other mood disorders. However, MAOIs also affect other chemicals in the body, including tyramine, a substance found in some foods and beverages, as well as certain medications. As a result, MAOIs can have serious side effects and interactions with other substances, making them a less commonly prescribed class of antidepressants than other types of drugs.
MAOIs are typically used as a last resort when other treatments for depression have failed, due to their potential for dangerous interactions and side effects. They require careful monitoring and dosage adjustment by a healthcare provider, and patients must follow strict dietary restrictions while taking them.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Adrenergic uptake inhibitors are a class of medications that work by blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine, into the presynaptic neuron. This results in an increase in the amount of neurotransmitter available to bind to postsynaptic receptors, leading to an enhancement of adrenergic transmission.
These medications are used in the treatment of various medical conditions, including depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and narcolepsy. Some examples of adrenergic uptake inhibitors include:
* Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): These medications, such as imipramine and amitriptyline, were developed in the 1950s and are used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain.
* Selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): These medications, such as venlafaxine and duloxetine, were developed in the 1990s and are used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and chronic pain.
* Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs): These medications, such as bupropion, are used to treat depression and ADHD.
It's important to note that these medications can have side effects and should be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Nelson's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
Judith Elizabeth Adams
1996 in music
Hyperpigmentation
Advanced maternal age
Hand and foot deformity with flat facies
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Adrenalectomy
Thor Nelson
Lisch nodule
Piriformis nerve
David L. Nelson
XXYY syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome
XXXXY syndrome
Serotonin syndrome
Pituitary disease
Sebaceous carcinoma
Patau syndrome
GAPO syndrome
Nicolaides-Baraitser syndrome
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Impostor syndrome
Pearson syndrome
Down syndrome
Rett syndrome
Stocco dos Santos syndrome
Absent pulmonary valve syndrome
Sanfilippo syndrome
Nelson's syndrome - Wikipedia
Nelson Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Nelson's Syndrome in a Poodle Dog Treated with Retinoic Acid - WSAVA2009 - VIN
Treatment Services at the Hunter Nelson Sturge-Weber Syndrome Center | Kennedy Krieger Institute
Nelson's syndrome
Dr. Bradley Nelson - Conquering Emotional Eating and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Using The Body Code System - Extreme Health Radio
Nelson Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Cushing's Support & Research Foundation (CSRF) - National Organization for Rare Disorders
Dr Constantine Girio-Fragkoulakis | Medicine and Population Health | The University of Sheffield
urofacial syndrome - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database
dating Archives - Wrong Planet
Rett syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
GBS (Guillain-Barré Syndrome) and Vaccines | Vaccine Safety | CDC
Abstract Search
Serotonin syndrome - Wikipedia
Client Home Care for Upper Crossed Syndrome - MASSAGE Magazine
Cushing's disease/Cushing syndrome
Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
South America's China Syndrome - The Brooklyn Rail
Aase syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
SciELO - Brazil - Endoscopic versus microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of pituitary tumors: systematic...
Adenoma - Adenomas Summary Report | CureHunter
Prevention and Control of Influenza: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
Cushing Syndrome - Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Durham-in-Wonderland: Updates: Linwood--No To Feds!
HIV‐sensitive social protection for vulnerable young women in East and Southern Africa: a systematic review - ScienceOpen
Durham-in-Wonderland: Updates: Linwood--No To Feds!
Marfan syndrome - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Cushing's24
- Nelson's syndrome is a disorder that occurs in about one in four patients who have had both adrenal glands removed to treat Cushing's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Techniques such as pituitary radiation therapy, ACTH assay, transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, higher resolution MRIs, and sampling of the inferior petrosal sinus have allowed physicians to pursue routes for Cushing's syndrome therapy prior to consideration of bilateral adrenalectomy. (wikipedia.org)
- Nelson's syndrome is also referred to as post-adrenalectomy syndrome, a possible result of adrenalectomy performed for Cushing's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Furthermore, differences between Nelson syndrome and Cushing's disease have been studied. (wikipedia.org)
- Particularly Nelson's syndrome differs from Cushing's disease due to the following: secretions from the tumors, replacement of glucocorticoids, and injury to the hypothalamus due to radiation therapy utilized on the patient. (wikipedia.org)
- Nelson's syndrome (NS) is a condition which may develop in patients with Cushing's disease after bilateral adrenalectomy. (nih.gov)
- A 14-year old male Poodle dog developed Cushing's syndrome characterized by polyphagia, polyuria, polydipsia, abdomen enlargement, hypertension and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia on ultrasound. (vin.com)
- Retinoic acid has an anti-proliferative action, inhibits ACTH and cortisol production highlighting the possibility of its use in dogs with Cushing's disease and Nelson's syndrome. (vin.com)
- This is a rare condition which may follow bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome. (gpnotebook.com)
- The Cushing's Support and Research Foundation, Inc., (CSRF) is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing information and support to individuals and family members affected by Cushing's disease and Cushing's syndrome. (rarediseases.org)
- Cushing's syndrome is a rare endocrine disorder caused by abnormally increased secretion of adrenocortical hormones due to tumors of the adrenal cortex, a tumor in the pituitary gland or ectopic (usually lung or pancreatic) tumors. (rarediseases.org)
- and raising and distributing funds for Cushing's disease and Cushing's syndrome research. (rarediseases.org)
- The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome is exogenous glucocorticoid use from any administration route, including topical, or inhaled glucocorticoids. (standardofcare.com)
- Among patients with Cushing's syndrome from excess endogenous production of cortisol, Cushing's disease is the underlying cause in approximately 60 to 70% of patients, independent adrenal production of cortisol in 20 to 30% of patients, and ectopic paraneoplastic neuroendocrine tumors that secrete corticotropin, are the underlying cause in about 6 to 10% of patients. (standardofcare.com)
- Unilateral, adrenal adenoma, or carcinoma and bilateral micronodular or macro nodular adrenal hyperplasia are the most common causes of Cushing's syndrome due to corticotropin independent, adrenal gland production of cortisol. (standardofcare.com)
- The most common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome is Cushing's disease in which a benign pituitary adenoma oversecretes corticotropin. (standardofcare.com)
- Less than 1% of people with Cushing's syndrome have a tumor that secretes corticotropin releasing hormone. (standardofcare.com)
- ACTH values greater than 15 to 20 pg/mL are consistent with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. (standardofcare.com)
- Pituitary MRI with gadolinium should be performed in all patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. (standardofcare.com)
- Corticotroph adenomas account for approximately 70% of cases of Cushing's syndrome with iatrogenic hypercortisolism, ectopic corticotropin or corticotropin releasing hormone production and cortisol producing adrenal lesions accounting for the rest. (standardofcare.com)
- Cushing's syndrome due to endogenous cortisol hyperproduction is very rare, and overlapping clinically with more common diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. (standardofcare.com)
- Because Cushing's syndrome is potentially curable, the diagnosis should be pursued in all patients whose clinical course suggests endogenous hypercortisolism. (standardofcare.com)
- If the pituitary tumor cannot be removed, radiation therapy to the pituitary can be used, but the improvement in the Cushing's Syndrome is much slower. (digitalnaturopath.com)
- Recent studies have provided evidence that most patients without clinical signs of overt Cushing's syndrome but serum cortisol levels post dexamethasone >50â nmol/L (>1.8â µg/dL) harbor increased risk of morbidity and mortality. (bvsalud.org)
Cushing22
- Nelson syndrome (NS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that may develop following bilateral adrenalectomy for the treatment of Cushing disease. (medscape.com)
- Almost all cases of Nelson syndrome follow bilateral adrenalectomy in patients who have Cushing disease due to an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. (medscape.com)
- Studies have demonstrated the difference in the mechanism of increased ACTH secretion in Nelson syndrome and untreated Cushing disease. (medscape.com)
- Detailed analyses delineate marked ACTH secretory burst mass amplification and anomalous regularity of successive pulse size and timing in Nelson syndrome, compared with Cushing disease or controls. (medscape.com)
- More than 99% of cases of Nelson syndrome arise following bilateral adrenalectomy in a patient with Cushing disease due to an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. (medscape.com)
- One review indicates that Nelson syndrome may be seen in anywhere from 8-44% of patients who have undergone bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing disease. (medscape.com)
- This decline in prevalence can be attributed to significant improvements in all aspects of the assessment and management of patients with Cushing syndrome in the last 10-20 years. (medscape.com)
- Cushing syndrome results from prolonged elevated plasma cortisol levels due to either exogenous steroid use, or to excess endogenous cortisol production. (standardofcare.com)
- Cushing syndrome from excess endogenous cortisol production may also be caused by a benign or malignant adrenal tumor that secretes cortisol or by a benign or malignant non-pituitary corticotropin secreting tumor. (standardofcare.com)
- Weight gain, hypertension, and hypokalemia are non-specific features of Cushing syndrome. (standardofcare.com)
- Easy, bruising, purple striae and facial plethora, arebcommon features that are more specific to Cushing syndrome. (standardofcare.com)
- Because many of the symptoms of Cushing syndrome are nonspecific diagnosis of Cushing syndrome may take 3 years and for Cushing disease even longer. (standardofcare.com)
- Pituitary and adrenal adenomas that cause endogenous Cushing syndrome affect women approximately 3 to 4 times more commonly than men. (standardofcare.com)
- Adrenal sources of Cushing syndrome include unilateral, cortisol, producing adenomas, which are benign and originate in the Zona, fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. (standardofcare.com)
- Cushing syndrome is a constellation of clinical abnormalities caused by chronic high blood levels of cortisol or related corticosteroids. (msdmanuals.com)
- Cushing disease is Cushing syndrome that results from excess pituitary production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secondary to a pituitary adenoma. (msdmanuals.com)
- Whereas the term Cushing syndrome denotes the clinical picture resulting from corticosteroid excess from any cause, Cushing disease refers to hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex due to pituitary ACTH excess. (msdmanuals.com)
- This photo shows characteristic moon facies in a patient with Cushing syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
- This patient with Cushing syndrome has characteristic buffalo hump and striae. (msdmanuals.com)
- Linear stretch marks (striae) are visible on the abdomen of this patient with Cushing syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
- In this patient with Cushing syndrome, findings shown include facial rounding, plethora of the cheeks, supraclavicular fat, and striae. (msdmanuals.com)
- Genomic and sequence variants of protein kinase A regulatory subunit type 1beta (PRKAR1B) in patients with adrenocortical disease and Cushing syndrome. (ukw.de)
Bilateral adrenalectomy4
- A preventative measure that can be utilized is prophylactic radiotherapy when bilateral adrenalectomy is being performed to prevent Nelson's syndrome from manifesting. (wikipedia.org)
- Overall, not all patients that have had total bilateral adrenalectomy develop Nelson's syndrome, which makes the mechanism harder to understand for such a rare disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Nelson syndrome refers to a spectrum of symptoms and signs arising from an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-secreting pituitary macroadenoma after a therapeutic bilateral adrenalectomy. (medscape.com)
- Even in early series, only 20-40% of patients with a pituitary adenoma who had bilateral adrenalectomy developed Nelson syndrome. (medscape.com)
Pathophysiology1
- The pathophysiology of Nelson's syndrome is not understood very well. (wikipedia.org)
Polycystic ovarian1
- Although no agreed-upon diagnostic criteria currently exist for adolescent polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hyperandrogenemia is essential for the diagnosis in this age group. (medscape.com)
Nelson's Syndrome12
- The first case of Nelson's syndrome was reported in 1958 by Dr. Don Nelson. (wikipedia.org)
- Hyper-pigmentation and fasting ACTH levels within plasma above 154 pmol/L are predictive of Nelson's syndrome after an adrenalectomy. (wikipedia.org)
- Heterozygosity loss in the glucocorticoid receptor can occur in the tumors present in Nelson's syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
- Hyper-pigmentation, hyporeflexia, and loss of vision can also indicate Nelson's syndrome when assessed together. (wikipedia.org)
- Specifically for a child who might have Nelson's syndrome, the patient should be questioned about the symptoms of the disease, as well as symptoms of other diseases to narrow down which disease the patient presents with. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Common treatments for Nelson's syndrome include radiation or surgical procedure. (wikipedia.org)
- There are no reports of Nelson's syndrome treatment in dogs. (vin.com)
- Our aim was to evaluate retinoic acid effect in a dog with Nelson's syndrome. (vin.com)
- This is the first report of Nelson's syndrome in a dog with iatrogenic hypoadrenocorticism induced by mitotane. (vin.com)
- A prospective longitudinal study of Pasireotide in Nelson's syndrome. (sheffield.ac.uk)
- Mortyn never forgot his clinical roots and applied his research, wherever possible, to clinical medicine, for example his work on Nelson's syndrome. (neuroendo.org.uk)
- Before transsphenoidal surgery became available, the surgical removal of both adrenal glands was common, but this always produced adrenal insufficiency and sometimes caused large ACTH producing pituitary tumors to grow (called Nelson's syndrome). (digitalnaturopath.com)
Diagnosis6
- Give to Sturge-Weber Syndrome research and help children enjoy fuller lives through improved diagnosis, care, and education. (kennedykrieger.org)
- The film explores Nelson's Asperger's Syndrome without mentioning the diagnosis. (wrongplanet.net)
- Shirley Sahrmann, P.T., Ph.D., author of Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndromes , suggests that everyday activities are the cause of movement impairment syndromes. (massagemag.com)
- This article discusses the roles of serotonin, the use of serotonergic agents, the diagnosis of serotonin syndrome, and its diagnostic differentials. (lww.com)
- Keep in mind that serotonin syndrome isn't a diagnosis that's restricted to the ED. The nurse should also be prepared to encounter patients with mild symptoms in the outpatient setting. (lww.com)
- diagnosis differential, post-poliomyelitis syndrome, temporomandibular disorders. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical5
- At the Hunter Nelson Sturge-Weber Center at Kennedy Krieger Institute, patient's visits are tailored to meet their individual needs and clinical services are coordinated accordingly. (kennedykrieger.org)
- Individuals with DS or trisomy 21 develop a clinical syndrome of dementia with clinical and neuropathologic characteristics almost identical to those of AD as described in individuals without DS. (medscape.com)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be described as a collection of clinical syndromes that manifests as an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy with resultant weakness and diminished reflexes. (medscape.com)
- Clinical efficacy of zonisamide in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: Korean multicentric experience. (medscape.com)
- Cardio-Metabolic Indices and Metabolic Syndrome as Predictors of Clinical Severity of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. (ukw.de)
Symptoms7
- Patients usually present with symptoms similar to Nelson syndrome but without evidence of hyperpigmentation. (medscape.com)
- Serotonin syndrome ( SS ) is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs . (wikipedia.org)
- [2] Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome , malignant hyperthermia , anticholinergic toxicity , heat stroke , and meningitis should be ruled out. (wikipedia.org)
- The signs and symptoms of Marfan syndrome can vary greatly, even among members of the same family, because the disorder can affect so many different areas of the body. (mayoclinic.org)
- Serotonin syndrome presents a variety of symptoms that can be difficult to diagnose. (lww.com)
- Post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) is characterized by the delayed appearance of new neuromuscular symptoms in patients several years after their acute poliomyelitis paralysis. (bvsalud.org)
- These late symptoms are termed post-polio syndrome (PPS) 3-5 and this designation was introduced by Halstead and Rossi in 1985 apud Ramaj (2007) 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Endocrine1
- Context: Carney complex (CNC) is a rare multiple neoplasia syndrome involving cardiac, endocrine, neural, and cutaneous tumors and a variety of pigmented skin lesions. (qmul.ac.uk)
Acute3
- Survival of patients with SDS who develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor 10 . (nature.com)
- Acute metabolic decompensation and sudden death in Barth syndrome: report of a family and a literature review. (lu.se)
- Barth syndrome presenting with acute metabolic decompensation in the neonatal period. (lu.se)
Serotonin2
- Serotonin syndrome is typically caused by the use of two or more serotonergic medications or drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- Serotonin syndrome occurs when there's an accumulation of excess serotonin within the central and peripheral nervous systems. (lww.com)
Pituitary adenoma2
- We describe two cases of Conn s syndrome both of whom had hyperprolactinaemia of which one was associated with pituitary adenoma, possibly as part of MEN 1.The first patient was a man aged 52 who presented with hypertension present for 10 years and a marginally low serum potassium. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Cantú syndrome with coexisting familial pituitary adenoma. (qmul.ac.uk)
ACTH1
- Malignant transformation of ACTH-secreting Nelson tumors has been reported, although this is very rare. (medscape.com)
Textbook of Pediatrics1
- Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. (medlineplus.gov)
Autosomal dominant3
- Goldenhar syndrome also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome is a sporadic or autosomal dominant syndrome. (pediatriconcall.com)
- First described by Wheaton 1 in 1894 and later by Apert in 1906, 2 Apert syndrome, or acrocephalosyndactyly, is an autosomal dominant malformation syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, syndactyly, and various visceral abnormalities. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
- 3 Although Apert syndrome has an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, many cases are de novo mutations, 4 and 1 case of germinal mosaicism has been reported. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Disorder9
- Nelson syndrome is a rare disorder, making accurately determining its incidence difficult. (medscape.com)
- Rett syndrome (RTT) is a disorder of the nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder where the body's immune system damages nerve. (cdc.gov)
- Aase syndrome is a rare disorder that involves anemia and certain joint and skeletal deformities. (medlineplus.gov)
- Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue - the fibers that support and anchor your organs and other structures in your body. (mayoclinic.org)
- Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes people to have unusually long arms, legs and fingers. (mayoclinic.org)
- Most people with Marfan syndrome inherit the abnormal gene from a parent who has the disorder. (mayoclinic.org)
- Because it's a genetic condition, the greatest risk factor for Marfan syndrome is having a parent with the disorder. (mayoclinic.org)
- To understand the mechanisms that mediate germline genetic leukemia predisposition, we studied the inherited ribosomopathy Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), a bone marrow failure disorder with high risk of myeloid malignancies at an early age. (nature.com)
Occurs1
- Marfan syndrome affects men and women equally and occurs among all races and ethnic groups. (mayoclinic.org)
Epidemiology1
- Trevathan E, Murphy CC, Yeargin-Allsopp M. Prevalence and descriptive epidemiology of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome among Atlanta children. (medscape.com)
Patients7
- The Hunter Nelson Sturge-Weber center can provide expertise and personalized care to patients who cannot travel to Baltimore through a chart review. (kennedykrieger.org)
- He has lectured nationally on the natural healing of chronic illness, and was in private practice until 2004, where he specialized in treating patients from across the US and Canada who were suffering from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia. (extremehealthradio.com)
- Current surveillance strategies for patients with SDS and other leukemia predisposition syndromes rely on monitoring hematologic status by serial peripheral blood counts to identify worsening cytopenias and bone marrow examinations to identify morphologic changes or development of clonal chromosomal abnormalities 11 . (nature.com)
- At present, Dr. Nelson received an average rating of 4.9/5 from patients and has been reviewed 59 times. (sharecare.com)
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome must be differentiated from myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (Doose syndrome), in which patients are typically developmentally normal and EEG background is normal early in the course. (medscape.com)
- Topiramate in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: open-label treatment of patients completing a randomized controlled trial. (medscape.com)
- Novel gene mutations in patients with left ventricular noncompaction or Barth syndrome. (lu.se)
Prognosis2
- Oguni H, Hayashi K, Osawa M. Long-term prognosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Ohtsuka Y, Amano R, Mizukawa M, Ohtahara S. Long-term prognosis of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. (medscape.com)
19581
- [ 2 ] The first case was reported by Nelson et al in 1958. (medscape.com)
Bone marrow1
- The anemia in Aase syndrome is caused by poor development of the bone marrow, which is where blood cells are formed. (medlineplus.gov)
Carpal1
- Consensus criteria for the classification of carpal tunnel syndrome in epidemiologic studies. (cdc.gov)
Excess3
- Task Force on the Phenotype of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome of The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society. (medscape.com)
- The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. (medscape.com)
- Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. (medscape.com)
Diagnostic2
- In addition to dermatologic, neurologic, and opthalmologic diagnostic evaluations, the Hunter Nelson Sturge-Weber Center provides other evaluation services including EEG, neuroradiologic, rehabilitative medicine and neuropsychologic evaluations. (kennedykrieger.org)
- Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. (medscape.com)
Resultant1
- Rene Calliet, M.D., a prominent musculoskeletal physician, suggests in his book, Rejuvenation Strategy , that forward-head posture resultant to upper crossed syndrome may result in the loss of 30 percent of vital lung capacity. (massagemag.com)
Occur1
- Many cases of Aase syndrome occur without a known reason and are not passed down through families (inherited). (medlineplus.gov)
Obesity1
- Obesity may unmask features of PCOS in women who are genetically predisposed to this syndrome. (medscape.com)
Neurology1
- These providers include Dr. Comi (neurology and director of the Hunter-Nelson Sturge-Weber Center), Dr. Zabel (neuropsychology), Dr. Suskauer (medical rehabilitation), Teressa Reidy (Occupational Therapy) and Tracy Schneider (Physical Therapy). (kennedykrieger.org)
Characteristic1
- Syndactyly of all 4 extremities is characteristic of Apert syndrome ( Figure 2 ). (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Typically caused1
- 5 The syndrome is typically caused by 2 point mutations (S252W and P253R) and 2 Alu insertions in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene (FGFR2) located on chromosome 10q26. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Include2
- Recent recommendations for the follow-up of women with Turner's syndrome include annual checks of thyroid function, serum lipids, blood glucose, liver function, renal function, and 3 to 5 yearly echocardiography, bone densitometry, and audiogram.We have reviewed actual follow-up m. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- The principal changes include a) information about the influenza virus strains included in the trivalent vaccine for 1998-99, b) more detailed information about influenza-associated rates of hospitalization, and c) updated information on the possible relationship between Guillain-Barre syndrome and influenza vaccination. (cdc.gov)
Assessment and management1
- Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (medscape.com)
Adenomas1
- Recent advancements in high-resolution MRIs allow for adenomas to be detected during the early stages of Nelson syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
Severe2
- Severe cases of Aase syndrome have been associated with stillbirth or early death. (medlineplus.gov)
- The damage caused by Marfan syndrome can be mild or severe. (mayoclinic.org)
Consensus2
- Consensus on infertility treatment related to polycystic ovary syndrome. (medscape.com)
- A novel intronic mutation of the TAZ ( G4.5) gene in a patient with Barth syndrome: creation of a 5' splice donor site with variant GC consensus and elongation of the upstream exon. (lu.se)
Commonly2
- Turner's syndrome is the most commonly occurring chromosomal abnormality in females. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Marfan syndrome most commonly affects the heart, eyes, blood vessels and skeleton. (mayoclinic.org)
Rare1
- Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare disease where abnormal blood vessels in the brain, skin and eye can cause seizures, paralysis, strokes, migraines, learning problems, vision loss, and other health issues. (kennedykrieger.org)
Seizures2
- Need for electroencephalogram video confirmation of atypical absence seizures in children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Motte J, Trevathan E, Arvidsson JF, Barrera MN, Mullens EL, Manasco P. Lamotrigine for generalized seizures associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. (medscape.com)
Frequency1
- The non-eligible infants were those with piratory distress syndrome (RDS) is also major congenital malformations, congenital associated with increased frequency of sig- heart defects, persistent pulmonary hyper- nificant PDA [ 2 ]. (who.int)