Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.
Ulnar neuropathies caused by mechanical compression of the nerve at any location from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its terminations in the hand. Common sites of compression include the retroepicondylar groove, cubital tunnel at the elbow (CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME), and Guyon's canal at the wrist. Clinical features depend on the site of injury, but may include weakness or paralysis of wrist flexion, finger flexion, and ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and impaired sensation over the ulnar aspect of the hand, fifth finger, and ulnar half of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)
The arterial trunk that arises from the abdominal aorta and after a short course divides into the left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries.
A vein on either side of the body which is formed by the union of the external and internal iliac veins and passes upward to join with its fellow of the opposite side to form the inferior vena cava.
A surgical operation for the relief of pressure in a body compartment or on a body part. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
A characteristic symptom complex.
A complex network of nerve fibers including sympathetic and parasympathetic efferents and visceral afferents. The celiac plexus is the largest of the autonomic plexuses and is located in the abdomen surrounding the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries.
Shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue connecting together articular extremities of bones. They are pliant, tough, and inextensile.
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.
A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.
Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)
Disease of the TIBIAL NERVE (also referred to as the posterior tibial nerve). The most commonly associated condition is the TARSAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. However, LEG INJURIES; ISCHEMIA; and inflammatory conditions (e.g., COLLAGEN DISEASES) may also affect the nerve. Clinical features include PARALYSIS of plantar flexion, ankle inversion and toe flexion as well as loss of sensation over the sole of the foot. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p32)
A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.
Compression of the ULNAR NERVE in the cubital tunnel, which is formed by the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, humeral-ulnar aponeurosis, and medial ligaments of the elbow. This condition may follow trauma or occur in association with processes which produce nerve enlargement or narrowing of the canal. Manifestations include elbow pain and PARESTHESIA radiating distally, weakness of ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and loss of sensation over the hypothenar region, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)
Disease involving the common PERONEAL NERVE or its branches, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves. Lesions of the deep peroneal nerve are associated with PARALYSIS of dorsiflexion of the ankle and toes and loss of sensation from the web space between the first and second toe. Lesions of the superficial peroneal nerve result in weakness or paralysis of the peroneal muscles (which evert the foot) and loss of sensation over the dorsal and lateral surface of the leg. Traumatic injury to the common peroneal nerve near the head of the FIBULA is a relatively common cause of this condition. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p31)
A neurovascular syndrome associated with compression of the BRACHIAL PLEXUS; SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY; and SUBCLAVIAN VEIN at the superior thoracic outlet. This may result from a variety of anomalies such as a CERVICAL RIB, anomalous fascial bands, and abnormalities of the origin or insertion of the anterior or medial scalene muscles. Clinical features may include pain in the shoulder and neck region which radiates into the arm, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of brachial plexus innervated muscles, PARESTHESIA, loss of sensation, reduction of arterial pulses in the affected extremity, ISCHEMIA, and EDEMA. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp214-5).
Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE.
Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.
Radiographic visualization or recording of a vein after the injection of contrast medium.
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
Diagnosis of disease states by recording the spontaneous electrical activity of tissues or organs or by the response to stimulation of electrically excitable tissue.
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.
Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)
The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.
The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).
Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.
Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.
Information application based on a variety of coding methods to minimize the amount of data to be stored, retrieved, or transmitted. Data compression can be applied to various forms of data, such as images and signals. It is used to reduce costs and increase efficiency in the maintenance of large volumes of data.
Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.
Tight coverings for the foot and leg that are worn to aid circulation in the legs, and prevent the formation of EDEMA and DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS. PNEUMATIC COMPRESSION STOCKINGS serve a similar purpose especially for bedridden patients, and following surgery.
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.
Crumbling or smashing of cancellous BONE by forces acting parallel to the long axis of bone. It is applied particularly to vertebral body fractures (SPINAL FRACTURES). (Blauvelt and Nelson, A Manual of Orthopedic Terminology, 1994, p4)
The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Multiple point electrical stimulation of ulnar and median nerves. (1/473)

A computer-assisted method of isolating single motor units (MUs) by multiple point stimulation (MPS) of peripheral nerves is described. MPS was used to isolate 10-30 single MUs from thenar and hypothenar muscles of normal subjects and patients with entrapment neuropathies, with the original purpose of obtaining a more representative mean motor unit potential for estimating the number of MUs in a muscle. The two important results that evolved from MPS however, were: (1) in the absence of 'alternation' MUs were recruited in an orderly pattern from small to large, and from longer to shorter latencies by graded electrical stimulation in both normal and pathological cases, (2) a comparison of the sizes of MUs recruited by stimulation proximal and distal to the elbow suggested that axonal branching can occur in the forearm 200 mm or more proximal to the motor point in intrinsic hand muscles.  (+info)

Cyclic compression of the intracranial optic nerve: patterns of visual failure and recovery. (2/473)

A patient with a cystic craniopharyngioma below the right optic nerve had several recurrences requiring surgery. Finally the cyst was connected with a subcutaneous reservoir by means of a fine catheter. Symptoms of optic nerve compression recurred more than 50 times during the following year, and were relieved within seconds upon drainage of the reservoir. In each cycle, a drop in visual acuity preceded a measurable change in the visual field. The pattern of field changes was an increasingly severe, uniform depression. Optic nerve ischaemia induced by compression was probably the most important factor causing visual failure in this case.  (+info)

Common peroneal nerve palsy: a clinical and electrophysiological review. (3/473)

In a series of 70 patients (75 cases of common peroneal nerve palsy) the common causes were trauma about the knee or about the hip, compression, and underlying neuropathy. A few palsies occurred spontaneously for no apparent reason. The prognosis was uniformly good in the compression group; recovery was delayed but usually satisfactory in patients who had suffered stretch injuries. In the acute stage, when clinical paralysis appears to be complete, electrophysiological studies are a useful guide to prognosis. They may also indicate an underlying neuropathy and they detect early evidence of recovery. The anatomical peculiarities of the common peroneal nerve are noted and aspects of the clinical picture, management, and prognosis of palsy are discussed.  (+info)

Lumbar spinal subdural hematoma following craniotomy--case report. (4/473)

A 52-year-old female complained of lumbago and weakness in the lower extremities 6 days after craniotomy for clipping an aneurysm. Neurological examination revealed symptoms consistent with lumbosacral cauda equina compression. The symptoms affecting the lower extremities spontaneously disappeared within 3 days. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging 10 days after the operation demonstrated a lumbar spinal subdural hematoma (SSH). She had no risk factor for bleeding at this site, the symptoms appeared after she began to walk, and MR imaging suggested the SSH was subacute. Therefore, the SSH was probably due to downward movement of blood from the cranial subdural space under the influence of gravity. SSH as a complication of cranial surgery is rare, but should be considered if a patient develops symptoms consistent with a lumbar SSH after craniotomy.  (+info)

Removal of petrous apex meningioma and microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia through the anterior petrosal approach. Case report. (5/473)

A 64-year-old female presented with right trigeminal neuralgia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a tumor attached to the right petrous apex. MR imaging also revealed that the trigeminal nerve was compressed and distorted by the tumor. Tumor removal and microvascular decompression (MVD) were performed via the anterior petrosal approach. The trigeminal nerve was distorted by the tumor and the superior cerebellar artery compressed the medial part of the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve. The surgery resulted in complete relief of the trigeminal neuralgia. Posterior fossa tumors causing ipsilateral trigeminal neuralgia are not rare, and are often removed via the suboccipital retromastoid approach, as MVD for trigeminal neuralgia is usually performed through the retromastoid approach. The advantages of the anterior petrosal approach are shorter access to the lesion and direct exposure without interference from the cranial nerves, and that bleeding from the tumors is easily controlled as the feeding arteries can be managed in the early stage of the surgery. We conclude that the anterior petrosal approach is safe and advantageous for the removal of petrous apex tumor associated with trigeminal neuralgia.  (+info)

The wrist of the formula 1 driver. (6/473)

OBJECTIVES: During formula 1 driving, repetitive cumulative trauma may provoke nerve disorders such as nerve compression syndrome as well as osteoligament injuries. A study based on interrogatory and clinical examination of 22 drivers was carried out during the 1998 formula 1 World Championship in order to better define the type and frequency of these lesions. METHODS: The questions investigated nervous symptoms, such as paraesthesia and diminishment of sensitivity, and osteoligamentous symptoms, such as pain, specifying the localisation (ulnar side, dorsal aspect of the wrist, snuff box) and the effect of the wrist position on the intensity of the pain. Clinical examination was carried out bilaterally and symmetrically. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 22 drivers reported symptoms. One suffered cramp in his hands at the end of each race and one described a typical forearm effort compartment syndrome. Six drivers had effort "osteoligamentous" symptoms: three scapholunate pain; one medial hypercompression of the wrist; two sequellae of a distal radius fracture. Seven reported nerve disorders: two effort carpal tunnel syndromes; one typical carpal tunnel syndrome; one effort cubital tunnel syndrome; three paraesthesia in all fingers at the end of a race, without any objective signs. CONCLUSIONS: This appears to be the first report of upper extremity disorders in competition drivers. The use of a wrist pad to reduce the effects of vibration may help to prevent trauma to the wrist in formula 1 drivers.  (+info)

Predictors of outcome in cauda equina syndrome. (7/473)

This retrospective review examined the cause, level of pathology, onset of symptoms, time taken to treatment, and outcome of 19 patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES). The minimum time to follow up was 22 months. Logistical regression analysis was used to determine how these factors influenced the eventual outcome. Out of 19 patients, 14 had satisfactory recovery at 2 years post-decompression; 5 patients were left with some residual dysfunction. The mean time to decompression in the group with a satisfactory outcome was 14 h (range 6-24 h) whilst that of the group with the poor outcome was 30 h (range 20-72 h). There was a clear correlation between delayed decompression and a poor outcome (P = 0.023). Saddle hypoaesthesia was evident in all patients. In addition complete perineal anaesthesia was evident in 7/19 patients, 5 of whom developed a poor outcome. Bladder dysfunction was observed in 19/19 patients, with 12/19 regarded as having significant impairment. Of the five patients identified as having a poor overall outcome, all five presented with a significant sphincter disturbance and 4/5 were left with residual sphincter dysfunction. There was a clear correlation between the presence of complete perineal anaesthesia and significant sphincter dysfunction as both univariate and multivariate predictors of a poor overall outcome. The association between a slower onset of CES and a more favourable outcome did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.052). No correlation could be found between initial motor function loss, bilateral sciatica, level or cause of injury as predictors of a poor outcome (P>0.05). CES can be diagnosed early by judicious physical examination, with particular attention to perineal sensation and a history of urinary dysfunction. The most important factors identified in this series as predictors of a favourable outcome in CES were early diagnosis and early decompression.  (+info)

Sonographic detection of radial nerve entrapment within a humerus fracture. (8/473)

Radial neuropathy is frequently associated with fracture of the middle third of the humerus owing to the course of the nerve adjacent to the humeral shaft. The prevalence varies from 2 to 18% of humeral fractures. The therapeutic management is still controversial. Some authors recommend initial surgical exploration, whereas others prefer observation and intervention only if the injured nerve failed to recover after a period of more than 4 months. According to the literature, verification of an entrapped radial nerve in a fracture gap requires surgical exploration, but diagnostic tools to verify the existence of a pathologic condition are limited. We describe the sonographic findings of an entrapped radial nerve and review the literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of entrapped radial nerve in cases of humeral fracture.  (+info)

Nerve compression syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by the pressure or irritation of a peripheral nerve, causing various symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected area. This compression can occur due to several reasons, including injury, repetitive motion, bone spurs, tumors, or swelling. Common examples of nerve compression syndromes include carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, radial nerve compression, and ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist or elbow. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, medications, injections, or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Ulnar nerve compression syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by the entrapment or compression of the ulnar nerve, leading to various symptoms. The ulnar nerve provides motor function to the hand muscles and sensation to the little finger and half of the ring finger.

There are several sites along the course of the ulnar nerve where it can become compressed, resulting in different types of ulnar nerve compression syndromes:

1. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: This occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed at the elbow, within the cubital tunnel - a narrow passage located on the inner side of the elbow. Symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the little finger and half of the ring finger, weakness in gripping or pinching, and pain or discomfort in the elbow.

2. Guyon's Canal Syndrome: This type of ulnar nerve compression syndrome happens when the nerve is compressed at the wrist, within the Guyon's canal. Causes can include ganglion cysts, bone fractures, or repetitive motion injuries. Symptoms may include numbness and tingling in the little finger and half of the ring finger, weakness or paralysis in the hand muscles, and muscle wasting in severe cases.

Treatment for ulnar nerve compression syndromes depends on the severity and location of the compression. Conservative treatments such as physical therapy, bracing, or anti-inflammatory medications may be recommended for milder cases. Severe or persistent symptoms may require surgical intervention to relieve the pressure on the ulnar nerve.

The celiac artery, also known as the anterior abdominal aortic trunk, is a major artery that originates from the abdominal aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the foregut, which includes the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, and upper part of the duodenum. It branches into three main branches: the left gastric artery, the splenic artery, and the common hepatic artery. The celiac artery plays a crucial role in providing blood to these vital organs, and any disruption or damage to it can lead to serious health consequences.

The iliac veins are a pair of large veins in the human body that carry deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities and the pelvic area back to the heart. They are formed by the union of the common iliac veins, which receive blood from the lower abdomen and legs, at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

The combined iliac vein is called the inferior vena cava, which continues upward to the right atrium of the heart. The iliac veins are located deep within the pelvis, lateral to the corresponding iliac arteries, and are accompanied by the iliac lymphatic vessels.

The left common iliac vein is longer than the right because it must cross the left common iliac artery to join the right common iliac vein. The external and internal iliac veins are the two branches of the common iliac vein, with the external iliac vein carrying blood from the lower limbs and the internal iliac vein carrying blood from the pelvic organs.

It is essential to maintain proper blood flow in the iliac veins to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition that can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism.

Surgical decompression is a medical procedure that involves relieving pressure on a nerve or tissue by creating additional space. This is typically accomplished through the removal of a portion of bone or other tissue that is causing the compression. The goal of surgical decompression is to alleviate symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness caused by the compression.

In the context of spinal disorders, surgical decompression is often used to treat conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or bone spurs that are compressing nerves in the spine. The specific procedure used may vary depending on the location and severity of the compression, but common techniques include laminectomy, discectomy, and foraminotomy.

It's important to note that surgical decompression is a significant medical intervention that carries risks such as infection, bleeding, and injury to surrounding tissues. As with any surgery, it should be considered as a last resort after other conservative treatments have been tried and found to be ineffective. A thorough evaluation by a qualified medical professional is necessary to determine whether surgical decompression is appropriate in a given case.

A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.

For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.

The celiac plexus, also known as the solar plexus or autonomic plexus, is a complex network of nerves located in the abdomen, near the stomach and other digestive organs. It plays a crucial role in regulating various automatic functions of the body, such as digestion, absorption, and secretion.

The celiac plexus is formed by the union of several splanchnic nerves that arise from the spinal cord and pass through the diaphragm to reach the abdomen. These nerves carry sensory information from the organs in the abdomen to the brain, as well as motor impulses that control the function of these organs.

In some medical procedures, such as celiac plexus block or neurolysis, the celiac plexus may be targeted to relieve chronic pain associated with conditions like pancreatitis, cancer, or abdominal surgery. These procedures involve injecting anesthetic or neurolytic agents into the area around the celiac plexus to interrupt nerve signals and reduce pain.

Ligaments are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that surround joints and provide support, stability, and limits the range of motion. They are made up primarily of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern to withstand tension and stress. Ligaments attach bone to bone, and their function is to prevent excessive movement that could cause injury or dislocation.

There are two main types of ligaments: extracapsular and intracapsular. Extracapsular ligaments are located outside the joint capsule and provide stability to the joint by limiting its range of motion. Intracapsular ligaments, on the other hand, are found inside the joint capsule and help maintain the alignment of the joint surfaces.

Examples of common ligaments in the body include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee, the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow, and the coracoacromial ligament in the shoulder.

Injuries to ligaments can occur due to sudden trauma or overuse, leading to sprains, strains, or tears. These injuries can cause pain, swelling, bruising, and limited mobility, and may require medical treatment such as immobilization, physical therapy, or surgery.

Pathological constriction refers to an abnormal narrowing or tightening of a body passage or organ, which can interfere with the normal flow of blood, air, or other substances through the area. This constriction can occur due to various reasons such as inflammation, scarring, or abnormal growths, and can affect different parts of the body, including blood vessels, airways, intestines, and ureters. Pathological constriction can lead to a range of symptoms and complications depending on its location and severity, and may require medical intervention to correct.

The median nerve is one of the major nerves in the human body, providing sensation and motor function to parts of the arm and hand. It originates from the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that arise from the spinal cord in the neck. The median nerve travels down the arm, passing through the cubital tunnel at the elbow, and continues into the forearm and hand.

In the hand, the median nerve supplies sensation to the palm side of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. It also provides motor function to some of the muscles that control finger movements, allowing for flexion of the fingers and opposition of the thumb.

Damage to the median nerve can result in a condition called carpal tunnel syndrome, which is characterized by numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common peripheral nerve disorder that affects the median nerve, which runs from the forearm into the hand through a narrow tunnel-like structure in the wrist called the carpal tunnel. The condition is caused by compression or pinching of the median nerve as it passes through this tunnel, leading to various symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and fingers.

The median nerve provides sensation to the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. It also controls some small muscles in the hand that allow for fine motor movements. When the median nerve is compressed or damaged due to CTS, it can result in a range of symptoms including:

1. Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations in the fingers (especially the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger)
2. Pain or discomfort in the hand, wrist, or forearm
3. Weakness in the hand, leading to difficulty gripping objects or making a fist
4. A sensation of swelling or inflammation in the fingers, even if there is no visible swelling present
5. Nighttime symptoms that may disrupt sleep patterns

The exact cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome can vary from person to person, but some common risk factors include:

1. Repetitive hand and wrist motions (such as typing, writing, or using tools)
2. Prolonged exposure to vibrations (from machinery or power tools)
3. Wrist trauma or fractures
4. Pregnancy and hormonal changes
5. Certain medical conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders
6. Obesity
7. Smoking

Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and sometimes specialized tests like nerve conduction studies or electromyography to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition. Treatment options may include splinting, medication, corticosteroid injections, and in severe cases, surgery to relieve pressure on the median nerve.

Tibial neuropathy refers to damage or dysfunction of the tibial nerve, which is one of the major nerves in the leg. The tibial nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to the lower leg, ankle, and foot muscles, as well as the skin on the sole of the foot.

Tibial neuropathy can result from various causes, including trauma, compression, diabetes, or other systemic diseases that affect the nerves. The symptoms of tibial neuropathy may include pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected leg and foot. In severe cases, it can lead to muscle wasting and difficulty walking.

The diagnosis of tibial neuropathy typically involves a thorough physical examination, including a neurological assessment, as well as electrical testing of nerve function (nerve conduction studies and electromyography). Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medication, physical therapy, or surgery in some cases.

The Ulnar nerve is one of the major nerves in the forearm and hand, which provides motor function to the majority of the intrinsic muscles of the hand (except for those innervated by the median nerve) and sensory innervation to the little finger and half of the ring finger. It originates from the brachial plexus, passes through the cubital tunnel at the elbow, and continues down the forearm, where it runs close to the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve then passes through the Guyon's canal in the wrist before branching out to innervate the hand muscles and provide sensation to the skin on the little finger and half of the ring finger.

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is a medical condition that affects the ulnar nerve, which runs down the arm and through a narrow tunnel inside the elbow, also known as the cubital tunnel. When this nerve becomes compressed or irritated in this area, it can lead to various symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and pain in the ring and little fingers, as well as weakness in the hand and forearm.

The condition is often caused by repetitive motion or prolonged pressure on the elbow, such as from leaning on the arm or bending the elbow for extended periods of time. In some cases, it may also be due to bone spurs, cysts, or other abnormalities that narrow the cubital tunnel and put pressure on the ulnar nerve.

Treatment for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome typically involves avoiding activities that aggravate the condition, wearing a splint or brace to keep the elbow straight during sleep, and taking anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling and pain. In more severe cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the ulnar nerve and alleviate symptoms.

Peroneal neuropathies refer to conditions that cause damage or dysfunction to the peroneal nerve, which is a branch of the sciatic nerve. The peroneal nerve runs down the back of the leg and wraps around the fibula bone (the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg) before dividing into two branches that innervate the muscles and skin on the front and side of the lower leg and foot.

Peroneal neuropathies can cause various symptoms, including weakness or paralysis of the ankle and toe muscles, numbness or tingling in the top of the foot and along the outside of the lower leg, and difficulty lifting the foot (known as "foot drop"). These conditions can result from trauma, compression, diabetes, or other underlying medical conditions. Treatment for peroneal neuropathies may include physical therapy, bracing, medications to manage pain, and in some cases, surgery.

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of disorders that occur when the blood vessels or nerves in the thoracic outlet, the space between the collarbone (clavicle) and the first rib, become compressed. This compression can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the neck, shoulder, arm, and hand.

There are three types of TOS:

1. Neurogenic TOS: This is the most common type and occurs when the nerves (brachial plexus) that pass through the thoracic outlet become compressed, causing symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand.
2. Venous TOS: This type occurs when the veins that pass through the thoracic outlet become compressed, leading to swelling, pain, and discoloration of the arm.
3. Arterial TOS: This is the least common type and occurs when the arteries that pass through the thoracic outlet become compressed, causing decreased blood flow to the arm, which can result in pain, numbness, and coldness in the arm and hand.

TOS can be caused by a variety of factors, including an extra rib (cervical rib), muscle tightness or spasm, poor posture, repetitive motions, trauma, or tumors. Treatment for TOS may include physical therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery.

Compartment syndromes refer to a group of conditions characterized by increased pressure within a confined anatomical space (compartment), leading to impaired circulation and nerve function. These compartments are composed of bones, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and nerves, surrounded by a tough fibrous fascial covering that does not expand easily.

There are two main types of compartment syndromes: acute and chronic.

1. Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS): This is a medical emergency that typically occurs after trauma, fractures, or prolonged compression of the affected limb. The increased pressure within the compartment reduces blood flow to the muscles and nerves, causing ischemia, pain, and potential muscle and nerve damage if not promptly treated with fasciotomy (surgical release of the fascial covering). Symptoms include severe pain disproportionate to the injury, pallor, paresthesia (abnormal sensation), pulselessness, and paralysis.
2. Chronic Compartment Syndrome (CCS) or Exertional Compartment Syndrome: This condition is caused by repetitive physical activities that lead to increased compartment pressure over time. The symptoms are usually reversible with rest and may include aching, cramping, tightness, or swelling in the affected limb during exercise. CCS rarely leads to permanent muscle or nerve damage if managed appropriately with activity modification, physical therapy, and occasionally surgical intervention (fasciotomy or fasciectomy).

Early recognition and appropriate management of compartment syndromes are crucial for preventing long-term complications such as muscle necrosis, contractures, and nerve damage.

Facial nerve diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the function of the facial nerve, also known as the seventh cranial nerve. This nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression, and it also carries sensory information from the taste buds in the front two-thirds of the tongue, and regulates saliva flow and tear production.

Facial nerve diseases can cause a variety of symptoms, depending on the specific location and extent of the nerve damage. Common symptoms include:

* Facial weakness or paralysis on one or both sides of the face
* Drooping of the eyelid and corner of the mouth
* Difficulty closing the eye or keeping it closed
* Changes in taste sensation or dryness of the mouth and eyes
* Abnormal sensitivity to sound (hyperacusis)
* Twitching or spasms of the facial muscles

Facial nerve diseases can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Infections such as Bell's palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and Lyme disease
* Trauma or injury to the face or skull
* Tumors that compress or invade the facial nerve
* Neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis or Guillain-Barre syndrome
* Genetic disorders such as Moebius syndrome or hemifacial microsomia

Treatment for facial nerve diseases depends on the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. In some cases, medication, physical therapy, or surgery may be necessary to restore function and relieve symptoms.

Phlebography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize and assess the veins, particularly in the legs. It involves the injection of a contrast agent into the veins, followed by X-ray imaging to capture the flow of the contrast material through the veins. This allows doctors to identify any abnormalities such as blood clots, blockages, or malformations in the venous system.

There are different types of phlebography, including ascending phlebography (where the contrast agent is injected into a foot vein and travels up the leg) and descending phlebography (where the contrast agent is injected into a vein in the groin or neck and travels down the leg).

Phlebography is an invasive procedure that requires careful preparation and monitoring, and it is typically performed by radiologists or vascular specialists. It has largely been replaced by non-invasive imaging techniques such as ultrasound and CT angiography in many clinical settings.

Abdominal pain is defined as discomfort or painful sensation in the abdomen. The abdomen is the region of the body between the chest and the pelvis, and contains many important organs such as the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen. Abdominal pain can vary in intensity from mild to severe, and can be acute or chronic depending on the underlying cause.

Abdominal pain can have many different causes, ranging from benign conditions such as gastritis, indigestion, or constipation, to more serious conditions such as appendicitis, inflammatory bowel disease, or abdominal aortic aneurysm. The location, quality, and duration of the pain can provide important clues about its cause. For example, sharp, localized pain in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen may indicate appendicitis, while crampy, diffuse pain in the lower abdomen may suggest irritable bowel syndrome.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience severe or persistent abdominal pain, especially if it is accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, vomiting, or bloody stools. A thorough physical examination, including a careful history and a focused abdominal exam, can help diagnose the underlying cause of the pain and guide appropriate treatment.

Arterial occlusive diseases are medical conditions characterized by the blockage or narrowing of the arteries, which can lead to a reduction in blood flow to various parts of the body. This reduction in blood flow can cause tissue damage and may result in serious complications such as tissue death (gangrene), organ dysfunction, or even death.

The most common cause of arterial occlusive diseases is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances in the inner lining of the artery walls. Over time, this plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow. Other causes of arterial occlusive diseases include blood clots, emboli (tiny particles that travel through the bloodstream and lodge in smaller vessels), inflammation, trauma, and certain inherited conditions.

Symptoms of arterial occlusive diseases depend on the location and severity of the blockage. Common symptoms include:

* Pain, cramping, or fatigue in the affected limb, often triggered by exercise and relieved by rest (claudication)
* Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limb
* Coldness or discoloration of the skin in the affected area
* Slow-healing sores or wounds on the toes, feet, or legs
* Erectile dysfunction in men

Treatment for arterial occlusive diseases may include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a healthy diet. Medications to lower cholesterol, control blood pressure, prevent blood clots, or manage pain may also be prescribed. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow.

The sciatic nerve is the largest and longest nerve in the human body, running from the lower back through the buttocks and down the legs to the feet. It is formed by the union of the ventral rami (branches) of the L4 to S3 spinal nerves. The sciatic nerve provides motor and sensory innervation to various muscles and skin areas in the lower limbs, including the hamstrings, calf muscles, and the sole of the foot. Sciatic nerve disorders or injuries can result in symptoms such as pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the lower back, hips, legs, and feet, known as sciatica.

Electrodiagnosis, also known as electromyography (EMG), is a medical diagnostic procedure that evaluates the health and function of muscles and nerves. It measures the electrical activity of skeletal muscles at rest and during contraction, as well as the conduction of electrical signals along nerves.

The test involves inserting a thin needle electrode into the muscle to record its electrical activity. The physician will ask the patient to contract and relax the muscle while the electrical activity is recorded. The resulting data can help diagnose various neuromuscular disorders, such as nerve damage or muscle diseases, by identifying abnormalities in the electrical signals.

Electrodiagnosis can be used to diagnose conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, muscular dystrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others. It is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of neuromuscular disorders, helping physicians to develop appropriate treatment plans for their patients.

Peripheral Vascular Diseases (PVD) refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels outside of the heart and brain. These diseases are characterized by a narrowing or blockage of the peripheral arteries, which can lead to reduced blood flow to the limbs, particularly the legs.

The primary cause of PVD is atherosclerosis, a buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the walls of the arteries, forming plaques that restrict blood flow. Other risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, and a family history of vascular disease.

Symptoms of PVD can vary depending on the severity of the condition but may include leg pain or cramping during exercise (claudication), numbness or tingling in the legs, coldness or discoloration of the feet, sores or wounds that heal slowly or not at all, and in severe cases, gangrene.

PVD can increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, so it is essential to diagnose and treat the condition as early as possible. Treatment options include lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy diet, medications to control symptoms and reduce the risk of complications, and surgical procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery to restore blood flow.

Sciatic neuropathy is a condition that results from damage or injury to the sciatic nerve, which is the largest nerve in the human body. The sciatic nerve originates from the lower spine (lumbar and sacral regions) and travels down through the buttocks, hips, and legs to the feet.

Sciatic neuropathy can cause various symptoms, including pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or difficulty moving the affected leg or foot. The pain associated with sciatic neuropathy is often described as sharp, shooting, or burning and may worsen with movement, coughing, or sneezing.

The causes of sciatic neuropathy include compression or irritation of the nerve due to conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, bone spurs, tumors, or piriformis syndrome. Trauma or injury to the lower back, hip, or buttocks can also cause sciatic neuropathy.

Diagnosing sciatic neuropathy typically involves a physical examination and medical history, as well as imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to visualize the spine and surrounding structures. Treatment options may include pain management, physical therapy, steroid injections, or surgery, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition.

Neural conduction is the process by which electrical signals, known as action potentials, are transmitted along the axon of a neuron (nerve cell) to transmit information between different parts of the nervous system. This electrical impulse is generated by the movement of ions across the neuronal membrane, and it propagates down the length of the axon until it reaches the synapse, where it can then stimulate the release of neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons or target cells. The speed of neural conduction can vary depending on factors such as the diameter of the axon, the presence of myelin sheaths (which act as insulation and allow for faster conduction), and the temperature of the environment.

The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a condyloid joint that connects the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm to the proximal row of carpal bones in the hand (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones). It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the hand. The wrist joint is surrounded by a capsule and reinforced by several ligaments that provide stability and strength to the joint.

Optic nerve diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as vision loss, decreased visual acuity, changes in color vision, and visual field defects. Examples of optic nerve diseases include optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve), glaucoma (damage to the optic nerve due to high eye pressure), optic nerve damage from trauma or injury, ischemic optic neuropathy (lack of blood flow to the optic nerve), and optic nerve tumors. Treatment for optic nerve diseases varies depending on the specific condition and may include medications, surgery, or lifestyle changes.

Articular ligaments, also known as fibrous ligaments, are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that connect and stabilize bones to each other at joints. They help to limit the range of motion of a joint and provide support, preventing excessive movement that could cause injury. Articular ligaments are composed mainly of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern, making them strong and flexible. They have limited blood supply and few nerve endings, which makes them less prone to injury but also slower to heal if damaged. Examples of articular ligaments include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee joint, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow joint.

Data compression, in the context of medical informatics, refers to the process of encoding data to reduce its size while maintaining its integrity and accuracy. This technique is commonly used in transmitting and storing large datasets, such as medical images or genetic sequences, where smaller file sizes can significantly improve efficiency and speed up processing times.

There are two main types of data compression: lossless and lossy. Lossless compression ensures that the original data can be reconstructed exactly from the compressed data, making it essential for applications where data accuracy is critical, such as medical imaging or electronic health records. On the other hand, lossy compression involves discarding some redundant or less important data to achieve higher compression rates, but at the cost of reduced data quality.

In summary, data compression in a medical context refers to the process of reducing the size of digital data while maintaining its accuracy and integrity, which can improve efficiency in data transmission and storage.

Spinal cord compression is a medical condition that refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which puts pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that branch out from it. This can occur due to various reasons such as degenerative changes in the spine, herniated discs, bone spurs, tumors, or fractures. The compression can lead to a range of symptoms including pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or loss of bladder and bowel control. In severe cases, it can cause paralysis. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include physical therapy, medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.

Compression stockings are a specialized type of hosiery that applies pressure to your legs, promoting better blood flow. They are tightest at the ankle and gradually become less constrictive up the leg. This gradient compression helps to counteract the force of gravity and promote venous return, reducing the pooling of blood in the lower extremities.

Compression stockings are often used to help prevent or treat various conditions related to poor circulation, including:

1. Varicose veins: Enlarged, swollen, and twisting veins that are easily visible just under the surface of the skin.
2. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. Compression stockings can help reduce the risk of DVT after certain surgeries or during long periods of immobilization.
3. Edema: Swelling in the legs and ankles due to fluid buildup.
4. Chronic venous insufficiency: A condition where the veins have difficulty returning blood from the legs back to the heart, leading to symptoms like leg pain, swelling, and skin changes.
5. Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS): A long-term complication of DVT characterized by chronic leg pain, swelling, and skin ulcers. Compression stockings can help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.

There are different levels of compression available, ranging from mild (15-20 mmHg) to extra firm (50-60 mmHg). Your healthcare provider will recommend the appropriate level based on your specific condition and needs. It is essential to wear compression stockings correctly for them to be effective and avoid skin irritation or other complications.

Peripheral nerves are nerve fibers that transmit signals between the central nervous system (CNS, consisting of the brain and spinal cord) and the rest of the body. These nerves convey motor, sensory, and autonomic information, enabling us to move, feel, and respond to changes in our environment. They form a complex network that extends from the CNS to muscles, glands, skin, and internal organs, allowing for coordinated responses and functions throughout the body. Damage or injury to peripheral nerves can result in various neurological symptoms, such as numbness, weakness, or pain, depending on the type and severity of the damage.

A compression fracture is a type of bone fracture that occurs when there is a collapse of a vertebra in the spine. This type of fracture is most commonly seen in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine. Compression fractures are often caused by weakened bones due to osteoporosis, but they can also result from trauma or tumors that weaken the bone.

In a compression fracture, the front part (anterior) of the vertebra collapses, while the back part (posterior) remains intact, causing the height of the vertebra to decrease. This can lead to pain, deformity, and decreased mobility. In severe cases, multiple compression fractures can result in a condition called kyphosis, which is an abnormal curvature of the spine that leads to a hunchback appearance.

Compression fractures are typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment may include pain medication, bracing, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery. Preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and taking medications to prevent or treat osteoporosis can help reduce the risk of compression fractures.

The optic nerve, also known as the second cranial nerve, is the nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. It is composed of approximately one million nerve fibers that carry signals related to vision, such as light intensity and color, from the eye's photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) to the visual cortex in the brain. The optic nerve is responsible for carrying this visual information so that it can be processed and interpreted by the brain, allowing us to see and perceive our surroundings. Damage to the optic nerve can result in vision loss or impairment.

Nerve fibers are specialized structures that constitute the long, slender processes (axons) of neurons (nerve cells). They are responsible for conducting electrical impulses, known as action potentials, away from the cell body and transmitting them to other neurons or effector organs such as muscles and glands. Nerve fibers are often surrounded by supportive cells called glial cells and are grouped together to form nerve bundles or nerves. These fibers can be myelinated (covered with a fatty insulating sheath called myelin) or unmyelinated, which influences the speed of impulse transmission.

... , or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, ... 1950: Carpal tunnel syndrome is described as being due to medial nerve compression. 1987: Pudendal nerve compression is ... Biological Response of Peripheral Nerves to Loading: Pathophysiology of Nerve Compression Syndromes and Vibration Induced ... While nerve decompression may be used on any nerve, nerve resection should only be used on purely sensory nerves when the loss ...
Syndrome of the Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve". Tunnel syndromes: peripheral nerve compression syndromes. CRC Press. ... Since the nerve branch is sensory there is no motor impairment. It may be distinguished from de Quervain syndrome because it is ... Cheiralgia paraesthetica (Wartenberg's syndrome) is a neuropathy of the hand generally caused by compression or trauma to the ... Diagnostically it is often subsumed into compression neuropathy of the radial nerve as a whole (e.g. ICD-9 354.3), but studies ...
Shea, JD; McClain, EJ (1969). "Ulnar-nerve compression syndromes at and below the wrist". The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery ... See full article on ulnar nerve entrapment.) This is known as ulnar nerve entrapment or Guyon's canal syndrome. There are four ... Guyon's canal syndrome may be secondary to ganglion cyst formation, or compression against a bicycle handlebar. Carpal tunnel ... Entrapment of the ulnar nerve at the ulnar canal can result in symptoms of ulnar neuropathy, including numbness or weakness of ...
Plancher, Kevin D.; Bothwell, Michael F. (2004). "Section III: Compression Neuropathy; Chapter 14: Anterior Interosseous Nerve ... Syndrome". MasterCases Hand and wrist surgery. Thieme. p. 75. ISBN 9780865779815. Jeff G. Konin et al. Special Tests for ... The gesture is used by doctors to test functionality of the anterior interosseous nerve and seek indications of median nerve ... If ulnar nerve palsy is present, the patient will have difficulty maintaining their hold and may compensate by flexing the ...
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes under the carpal tunnel. Nerve ... Pronator teres syndrome (also known as pronator syndrome) is compression of the median nerve between the two heads of the ... Wheeless, Clifford R. (December 15, 2011). "Pronator teres compression syndrome - median nerve compression". Wheeless' Textbook ... Compression at the different levels of the median nerve produce variable symptoms and/or syndromes.[citation needed] The areas ...
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder of the hand. This disorder results from compression of the median nerve in the ... Nerves send impulses to the brain about sensation and also play an important role in finger movement. When nerves are injured, ... Any nerve injury of the hand can be disabling and results in loss of hand function. Thus it is vital to seek medical help as ... When the nerve is compressed, it can result in disabling symptoms like numbness, tingling, or pain in the middle three fingers ...
Tarlov, I.M. (1953). Sacral nerve-root cysts; another cause of the sciatic or cauda equina syndrome. Springfield, Ill.: C.C. ... The following year he received a grant from the United States Public Health Service to study spinal cord compression. He ... Tarlov, I.M. (1950). Plasma clot suture of peripheral nerves and nerve roots; rationale and technique. Springfield, Illinois: C ... During World War II, Tarlov researched the use of blood plasma clotting agent as an adhesive to repair nerve cells. Tarlov ...
... is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve at the elbow. It is rare compared to compression at the ... anterior interosseous syndrome). Compression of the median nerve in the region of the elbow or proximal part of the forearm can ... Compression of the proximal median nerve results in weakness of these three muscles, and can cause aching pain in the wrist on ... Other causes are compression of the nerve from the fibrous arch of the flexor superficialis, or the thickening of the bicipital ...
... thereby reducing compression on the ulnar nerve. Cubital tunnel syndrome Jean Casimir Félix Guyon Ulnar claw Hatch, Daniel ( ... Ulnar tunnel syndrome, also known as Guyon's canal syndrome or Handlebar palsy, is caused by entrapment of the ulnar nerve in ... There have been trials with gloves which help protect the ulnar nerve from compression. The most radical treatment option is ... Maimaris, C; Zadeh, H G (1990). "Ulnar nerve compression in the cyclist's hand: Two case reports and review of the literature ...
"Syndromes of compression of the median nerve in the proximal forearm (pronator teres syndrome; anterior interosseous nerve ... Within this space the nerve may be compressed leading to supracondylar process syndrome. The ligament may also affect the ulnar ... Wertsch JJ, Melvin J (December 1982). "Median nerve anatomy and entrapment syndromes: a review". Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 63 (12 ... which is a commonly performed to manage patients with a cubital tunnel syndrome, a form of ulnar nerve entrapment. It is ...
"Compression syndrome of the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve". The Journal of Hand Surgery. 7 (4): 407-409. doi: ... The recurrent branch of the median nerve is also colloquially called the "Million Dollar Nerve", because injury to this nerve ... NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES", The Musculoskeletal System (Second Edition), Churchill Livingstone, pp. 33-45, ISBN 978-0-7020- ... The recurrent branch of the median nerve may be affected in carpal tunnel syndrome, or from its own separate peripheral ...
... syndrome can be caused by nerve compression syndrome. A winged scapula is the most common symptom. ... Dorsal scapular nerve syndrome can cause a winged scapula, with pain and limited motion. The dorsal scapular nerve arises from ... Anatomic Landmarks for Selected Nerves of the Head, Neck, and Upper and Lower Limbs", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: ... The dorsal scapular nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus, usually derived from the ventral ramus of cervical nerve C5. It ...
It is analogous to carpal tunnel syndrome in the wrist. It is caused by compression of the tibial nerve underneath the flexor ... while the medial plantar nerve and the lateral plantar nerve continue on to the bottom of the foot. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is ... Tibial nerve. Flexor hallucis longus tendon. In the tunnel, the tibial nerve splits into three different paths. The medial ... The tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein, and flexor tendons travel in a bundle along this pathway ...
Nerve compression syndrome Nerve block Neurectomy Laparoscopy Arthroscopy Endoscopy Lipinski LJ, Spinner RJ. Neurolysis, ... A nerve decompression is a neurosurgical procedure to relieve chronic, direct pressure on a nerve to treat nerve entrapment, a ... nerve decompressions come with a risk of nerve injury. A nerve can be directly injured due to transection (cutting), traction ( ... By blocking nerve signals, the pain-contributing nerves can be identified or ruled out. Nerves are predisposed to entrapment in ...
Ulnar nerve compression at this location is sometimes referred to as "Guyon's tunnel syndrome". "Guyon's isthmus": an elongated ... This canal channels blood vessels and the ulnar nerve from the forearm to the hand, and is now known as Guyon's canal. ...
In cranial nerves this is often the place of neuro-vascular compression syndromes such as trigeminal neuralgia. Redlich- ... The Redlich-Obersteiner's zone is located at the point of entry of either between cranial nerves and the brain or spinal nerves ...
It affects the functioning of cervical spinal nerves (C1 - C8) because of compression on the spinal cord. Spinal stenosis also ... Cervicocranial syndrome or (Craniocervical Junction Syndrome: CCJ syndrome) is a neurological illness. It is a combination of ... Cervical spinal nerve C8 helps control the hand. The cervicocranial syndrome occurs when symptoms arise due to cervical ... Hence, leading to symptoms of cervicocranial syndrome. To decompress the pressure on the nerves, the tumor is removed and the ...
Nerve conduction studies are reported to be 90% sensitive and 60% specific for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. These ... Of note, these electrodiagnostic studies can yield normal results despite symptomatic median nerve compression. In this ... thoracic outlet syndrome, and pronator syndrome. Beyond physical exam testing, confirmatory electrodiagnostic studies are ... the option of probing the carpal canal for other structures that may be contributing to the compression of the median nerve, ...
Surgical treatment consists of releasing the compression on the nerve from surrounding structures. Pronator Syndrome is similar ... AIN also has large sensory nerve to the volar wrist bones and compression of the AIN branch of the median nerve at the elbow ... The anterior interosseous nerve (volar interosseous nerve) is a branch of the median nerve that supplies the deep muscles on ... but involves both the AIN as well as the median nerve proper. Following peripheral nerve injury to the ulnar nerve, the AIN is ...
... is a condition which is believed to result from compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. ... Piriformis syndrome occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed or pinched by the piriformis muscle of the hip. It usually only ... that is presumed to be a compression neuropathy of the sciatic nerve at the level of the piriformis muscle Barbosa, Ana Beatriz ... The sciatic nerve forms the roots of L4-S3 segments of the lumbosacral plexus. The nerve will pass inferiorly to the piriformis ...
"Scratch Collapse Test Localizes Osborne's Band as the Point of Maximal Nerve Compression in Cubital Tunnel Syndrome". Hand. 5 ( ... This contributes to chronic compression of the ulnar nerve which causes numbness and weakness in the fingers and can lead to ... Osborne, G (March 1970). "Compression neuritis of the ulnar nerve at the elbow". The Hand. 2 (1): 10-3. doi:10.1016/0072-968x( ... Vanderpool, DW; Chalmers, J; Lamb, DW; Whiston, TB (November 1968). "Peripheral compression lesions of the ulnar nerve". The ...
Doppler ultra sound to detect vein compression, a result of nerve compression. Pudendal nerve terminal motor latency test, an ... Pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE), also known as Alcock canal syndrome, is an uncommon source of chronic pain in which the ... The pudendal nerve carries both motor and sensory axons. It stems from the spinal nerves S2-S4 of the sacral plexus. The nerve ... can cause nerve injury. PNE can present in cyclists, likely due to both the compression and stretching of the pudendal nerve ...
An MRI was performed and showed no significant evidence of bleeding or nerve compression. After close observation for 16 hours ... Harlequin syndrome affects fewer than 1000 people in the United States. Symptoms associated with Harlequin syndrome are more ... Since the cause and mechanism of Harlequin syndrome is still unknown, there is no way to prevent this syndrome. Although the ... syndrome. In an MRI, a radiologist may observe areas near brain or spinal cord for lesions, or any damage to the nerve endings ...
Compression of the sympathetic chain may result in Horner's syndrome. Graves' ophthalmopathy (protrusion of one or both eyes) ... Goitre (enlarged thyroid). If the thyroid grows large enough, it may compress the recurrent laryngeal nerve, producing vocal ... 2005;140(1) 49; Compression syndromes caused by substernal goitres. Anders HJ, Postgrad Med J. 1998;74(872) 327. "Graves' ... Anxiety syndromes related to hyperthyroidism are typically complicated by major depression and cognitive decline, such as in ...
... surgery is required to decompress the nerve compression. Nerve conduction velocity is an important aspect of nerve conduction ... Also it has been reported to be mass lesions and metabolic syndromes. Peroneal nerve is most commonly interrupted at the knee ... Common nerve injuries that are treated with tendon transfer surgery are spinal cord, radial nerve, ulnar nerve, or median nerve ... the fibular neck that can help localize the site of nerve compression Checking for direct compression that reproduces nerve ...
... s can be used for the diagnosis of surgically treatable chronic pain, such as nerve compression syndrome. Advances ... Local anesthetic nerve block (local anesthetic regional nerve blockade, or often simply nerve block) is a short-term nerve ... Nerve block or regional nerve blockade is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose ... The local anesthetic bathes the nerve and numbs the area of the body that is supplied by that nerve. The goal of the nerve ...
... known as compression neuropathy. Carpal tunnel syndrome and axillary nerve palsy are examples. Direct injury to a nerve, ... compression (compression neuropathy), chemotherapy (chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy). The affected nerves are found ... Damage to nerves may impair sensation, movement, gland, or organ function depending on which nerves are affected; in other ... These nerves are not under a person's conscious control and function automatically. Autonomic nerve fibers form large ...
The term "radial tunnel syndrome" is used for compression of the posterior interosseous nerve, a division of the radial nerve, ... Radial tunnel syndrome (RTS) is caused by increased pressure on the radial nerve as it travels from the upper arm (the brachial ... The theory is that the radial nerve becomes irritated and/or inflamed from friction caused by compression by muscles in the ... ISBN 978-0-387-76599-0. Russell, Stephen M. (2006). "Radial Tunnel Syndrome". Examination of peripheral nerve injuries: an ...
Uscetin I, Bingol D, Ozkaya O, Orman C, Akan M (2014). "Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow caused by the epitrochleoanconeus ... The presence of the epitrochleoanconeus muscle can lead to ulnar neuropathy, or cubital tunnel syndrome, due to compression of ... Gervasio O, Zaccone C (2008). "Surgical approach to ulnar nerve compression at the elbow caused by the epitrochleoanconeus ... The muscle runs over the ulnar nerve, forms an arch over the cubital tunnel and inserts on the olecranon. It is innervated by ...
Wartenberg's syndrome. The latter involves compression at the wrist of the superficial sensory branch of the radial nerve which ... friction and compression). This muscle imbalance between the (intact) radial nerve innervated extensor digiti quinti and the ( ... An ulnar nerve neuropathy usually from ulnar nerve entrapment somewhere along its course (most commonly around the cubital ... This commonly results from weakness of some of the ulnar nerve innervated intrinsic hand muscles -in particular the palmar ...
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, ... 1950: Carpal tunnel syndrome is described as being due to medial nerve compression. 1987: Pudendal nerve compression is ... Biological Response of Peripheral Nerves to Loading: Pathophysiology of Nerve Compression Syndromes and Vibration Induced ... While nerve decompression may be used on any nerve, nerve resection should only be used on purely sensory nerves when the loss ...
encoded search term (Nerve Compression Syndromes of the Hand) and Nerve Compression Syndromes of the Hand What to Read Next on ... The median nerve. The main nerve entrapments in the upper extremity involve the median nerve, ulnar nerve, or radial nerve. The ... Nerve Compression Syndromes of the Hand. Updated: Aug 05, 2022 * Author: Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD; Chief Editor: Joseph A Molnar, ... Compression neuropathy of the radial nerve is considered somewhat more rare than the other compression neuropathies of the ...
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (Wrist Nerve Compression). Posted by Dr. Chris. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Definition. Carpal tunnel ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Causes. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs due to increased pressure on the median nerve. However, there are ... A nerve conduction study can reveal the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome. In a damaged median nerve, electrical impulses will ... This irritates the median nerve.. *Occupational factors that create pressure on the median nerve may damage the nerves and ...
Internal Auditory Nerve Canal Compression Syndromes and Endoscope- Assisted Retro Sigmoid Approach........ Arianna Di Stadio* ... Introduction: The use of surgical decompression for treating nerve compression due to the loop in the internal auditory canal ... Objective: To report the results with endoscope-assisted retro sigmoid approach for facial nerve or cochlear nerve ... affected from tinnitus due to a compression of cochlear nerve that underwent to an endoscope assisted retro sigmoid approach ...
Check out our guide to nerve compression syndrome and surgical treatment options at The Institute for Advanced Reconstruction. ... Your Guide to Nerve Compression Syndrome. Nerve compression syndrome occurs as a result of damage to the peripheral nervous ... We are experts in treating a variety of nerve compression syndromes.. Do you think you may be suffering from nerve compression ... Median nerve. Median nerve pain (also called median nerve compression or median nerve entrapment) can result in persistent ...
A publicly available article also appearing in PubMed about Hand Nerve Compression Syndromes ... and symptoms in nerve compression syndromes.[1][2]. The median nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve that forms from the ... Median Nerve. Median nerve compression at the hand and wrist is called carpal tunnel syndrome. It is the most common type of ... Carpal tunnel syndrome is the commonest and most well-studied nerve compression syndrome of the hand. In the United States, it ...
Ulnar Nerve External Compression Syndrome*Ulnar Nerve External Compression Syndrome. *External Compression Syndrome, Ulnar ... "Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes" by people in this website by year, and whether "Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes" was a ... "Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes" by people in Profiles. ...
Nerve Entrapments. On-line free medical diagnosis assistant. Ranked list of possible diseases from either several symptoms or a ... Nerve compression syndromes (Entrapment Neuropathies; Nerve Entrapments). Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from ... Ranked list of diseases related to "nerve compression syndromes"Drugs, active principles and "nerve compression syndromes" ... These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to myelin sheath dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve ...
encoded search term (Nerve Compression Syndromes of the Hand) and Nerve Compression Syndromes of the Hand What to Read Next on ... The median nerve. The main nerve entrapments in the upper extremity involve the median nerve, ulnar nerve, or radial nerve. The ... Median Nerve Entrapment Syndromes. Pronator syndrome. See the list below:. * Sites of compression: These include the lacertus ... Radial Nerve Entrapment Syndromes. Radial tunnel syndrome. See the list below:. * Anatomy: Compression neuropathy of the radial ...
It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve, though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc, for ... Continue reading What Is Nerve Compression Syndromes? - Symptoms, Treatment ... Nerve compression syndromes is a medical emergency and chronic compressive or entrapment and non-compressive neuropathic ... condition caused by direct, or indirect pressure on a nerve. ... Radial nerve compression syndrome - This syndrome affects the ...
Pronator syndrome. Introduction. Pronator syndrome is the most proximal compression neuropathy of the median nerve. Originally ... Median nerve compression: Pronator and anterior interosseous syndromes Anthony Barabas 1. Mark A. Pickford 2. 1 Plastic and ... Pronator syndrome refers to compression of the median nerve around the elbow, which may present with pain in the forearm and ... Uncommon nerve compression syndromes of the upper extremity. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1998 Nov-Dec;6(6):378-86. DOI: 10.5435/ ...
TX offer treatment for complex regional pain syndrome and nerve compression. ... Sympathetic nerve blocks: A nerve block is an injection of local anesthetics into a group of nerves around the spinal column to ... Complex Regional Pain Syndrome causes intense pain that makes it difficult to use the affected part of the body. If you ... Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition characterized by severe pain, swelling, and changes in the ...
TX treats Guyons canal syndrome.phpulnar tunnel syndrome.phphandlebar palsy, the compression of the ulnar nerve while it ... What is Guyons Canal Syndrome?. Guyons canal syndrome refers to compression of the ulnar nerve while it passes from the wrist ... Anatomy and Function of the Ulnar Nerve. The ulnar nerve is one of the 3 major nerves of your hand that travels down from the ... Guyons canal syndrome is also called ulnar tunnel syndrome or handlebar palsy. ...
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disorder caused by disturbances in nerve function (neuropathy), leading to pain and numbness or ... In carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve compression can be caused by many factors including inflammation of connective tissues ... Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when a nerve in the hand and forearm, known as the median nerve, gets pinched (compressed) within ... When carpal tunnel syndrome occurs as part of a genetic syndrome, this feature follows the inheritance pattern of the syndrome. ...
Source for information on Central Pain Syndrome: Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders dictionary. ... Central pain syndrome Definition Central pain syndrome is a type of pain that occurs because of injuries to the brain or spinal ... compression of nerve roots; the development of a fluid-filled area of the spinal cord (called a syringomyelia ), which puts ... Central pain syndrome. Definition. Central pain syndrome is a type of pain that occurs because of injuries to the brain or ...
Fabella Syndrome of Bilateral Knee with Common Peroneal Nerve Compression Neuropathy Total Views: 82 , Total Downloads: 86 ... 2022). Fabella Syndrome of Bilateral Knee with Common Peroneal Nerve Compression Neuropathy. Malaysian Journal of Science ... Knee pain; fabella; neuropathy; common peroneal nerve. Abstract. Fabella syndrome is a rare, often underdiagnosed cause of ... Patel, A., Singh, R., Johnson, B., & Smith, A. (2013). Compression neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve by the fabella. Case ...
anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome, lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome, posterior cutaneous nerve entrapment ... A combination of three nerve entrapment syndromes, which was difficult to differentiate from a vertebral compression fracture * ... A rare presentation of a compression fracture or a typical presentation of lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome: a ... A combination of three nerve entrapment syndromes, which was difficult to differentiate from a vertebral compression fracture. ...
CTS is caused by entrapment of the median nerve at the wrist as it traverses through the carpal tunnel. ... Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common focal peripheral neuropathy. ... Carpal arch and median nerve changes during radioulnar wrist compression in carpal tunnel syndrome patients. J Orthop Res. 2016 ... Carpal compression test (median nerve compression test): Pressure is applied by the examiner with both thumbs on the palmar ...
Nerve compression syndrome. *Nerve entrapment. *Neurogenic claudication *Neurologic muscle weakness. *Neuromuscular disorder ...
nerve, vein, or artery). Ninety-five percent (95%) of all cases of TOS are Neurogenic, which is compression of the nerves to ... Nerve Compression Surgery St. Louis - Neuropax Clinic If youre seeking trusted spine specialists and plastic surgeons for ... The blood vessels and nerves that serve your arm and shoulder are located in this space. Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the ... Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Surgery St. Louis, Headache Surgery St. Louis, Chronic Joint Pain Surgery St. Louis, Nerve ...
... cranial nerve VII). This movement disorder triggers involuntary short or longer contractions of the facial muscles. Although ... Hemifacial spasm is a movement disorder of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve ( ... Nerve Compression Syndromes in the Posterior Cranial Fossa. Baldauf, Jörg; Rosenstengel, Christian; Schroeder, Henry W. S. ... Muscle Nerve 1985; 8: 545 55. CrossRef MEDLINE 11.. M ller AR: Vascular compression of cranial nerves: II: pathophysiology. ...
It is considered a variant of Painful Legs and Moving Toes Syndrome (PLMT), which is characterized by similar movements but ... Painless Legs and Moving Toes Syndrome (PoLMT) is a rare movement disorder characterized by flexion, extension, abduction, ... It is reported that spinal compression can cause PoLMT [2]. Our case had cervical spondylosis and spondylolisthesis. However, ... In addition to peripheral nerve involvement, CNS involvement (e.g., Wilsons disease, cerebral infarction, brain tumor, and ...
Nerve Compression Syndrome * Neuritis * Neuropathy * Opioid Issues * Pain Management * Peripheral Neuropathy * Persistent Pain ...
The post-operative diagnosis was: Nerve root compression syndrome, left. The patient was discharged from Dr. Munslows care ... It is felt that this is the situation representing the root compression syndrome, the exact mechanics of which is not apparent ... Mattsons notes referred to some chronic or past disturbance of function in the nerve supply to the left and right anterior ... He stated that the consensus of the various medical reports was that Perales had a mild low-back syndrome of musculo- ...
Categories: Nerve Compression Syndromes Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Nerve Compression Syndromes from direct pressure). *Hearing Loss (Cochlear involvement) ...
... such as carpal tunnel syndrome. Discover other causes, their signs and symptoms, and your treatment options. ... There are several causes of a pinched nerve, ... Nerve compression syndrome occurs when a nerve is squeezed. ... Median nerve compression. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve compression syndrome. In this condition, the ... Ulnar nerve compression. The second most common nerve compression syndrome is cubital tunnel syndrome. ...
Tarsal tunnel syndrome Traumatic nerve compression Erythromelalgia Chronic mountain sickness Gitelman syndrome ... Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome or Baxters Nerve Entrapments. Custom orthotics can offload affected nerves and optimise ones gait to ... Grierson-Goepalan Syndrome, also known as "Burning feet syndrome (BFS)", is characterized by burning and heaviness in the feet ... 1.0 1.1 1.2 Makkar RP, Arora A, Monga A, Gupta AK, Mukhopadhyay S. Burning feet syndrome. A clinical review. Aust Fam Physician ...
Pressure on the nerve can lead to pain in the low back, buttock, groin, or posterior thigh, and it can be a cause of sciatica, ... irritation of the sciatic nerve as it passes over, under, or through the piriformis muscle of the buttock. ... These act to reduce pain, swelling, and/or spasm in the area of nerve compression. ... piriformis syndrome, irritation of the sciatic nerve as it passes over, under, or through the piriformis muscle of the buttock ...
... include numbness, tingling and reduced blood flow in the arms and hands ... Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Symptoms Result From Compression Of The Brachial Plexus Nerve Bundle. ... Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Causes Numbness. TOS symptoms include numbness of the entire arm and hand due to compression of the ... Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome (also known as Cubital Tunnel Syndrome), or Radial Tunnel Syndrome should be considered. ...
  • Anatomy of median nerve along its course in upper extremity. (medscape.com)
  • The main nerve entrapments in the upper extremity involve the median nerve, ulnar nerve, or radial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The median nerve forms the junction of the lateral medial cords. (medscape.com)
  • At this level, the median nerve crosses over the brachial artery to lie in a more medial anatomic position. (medscape.com)
  • At this level, the median nerve is on the distal aspect of the brachialis muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The median nerve emerges between these 2 muscles in the distal forearm to then travel ulnar to the flexor carpi radialis and radial to the sublimis tendons, usually directly underneath the palmaris longus tendon, and enters the carpal tunnel in a more superficial plane to the flexor tendons. (medscape.com)
  • Just beyond the end of the carpal ligament, the median nerve trifurcates to become the common digital sensory nerves to the fingers. (medscape.com)
  • The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve is a sensory branch that comes from the main body of the nerve approximately 6 inches above the rest of the nerves and services an elliptical area at the base of the thenar eminence. (medscape.com)
  • Just distal to the antecubital fossa, the median nerve branches into the anterior interosseous nerve, which travels on the interosseous membrane and innervates the flexor pollicis longus (FPL), the FDP to the radial 2 digits, and the pronator quadratus at its termination. (medscape.com)
  • Within the hand, the motor branch of the median nerve supplies the opponens pollicis, the flexor pollicis brevis, and the abductor pollicis brevis musculature. (medscape.com)
  • The median nerve supplies sensation to the 3.5 digits on the radial aspect. (medscape.com)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition where there is a tingling pain, numbness, and weakness of the thumb, index, and the middle fingers caused by irritation of the median nerve. (healthhype.com)
  • The median nerve carries sensations from the thumb, index, and middle fingers of the hand. (healthhype.com)
  • Along with some tendons, the median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel, which is located between wrist muscles and wrist bones. (healthhype.com)
  • If there is a swelling or a change in position of the tissue inside the carpal tunnel, the median nerve is squeezed and irritated. (healthhype.com)
  • These include nine muscle tendons and one nerve - the median nerve. (healthhype.com)
  • This compresses the median nerve resulting in sensations of pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness. (healthhype.com)
  • Over time the median nerve may even be damaged to some extent. (healthhype.com)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs due to increased pressure on the median nerve. (healthhype.com)
  • However, there are various other mechanisms of injury that may affect the median nerve. (healthhype.com)
  • This may sometimes create more pressure on the median nerve even without swelling of the muscle tendons. (healthhype.com)
  • Inflammation of the wrist tendons caused by rheumatoid arthritis or an infection can exert pressure on the median nerve even though there is no overuse of the hand. (healthhype.com)
  • Tumors near the median nerve can compress the nerve and result in pain and numbness. (healthhype.com)
  • Occupational factors that create pressure on the median nerve may damage the nerves and cause hand pain. (healthhype.com)
  • The three major nerves in the arm that are responsible for carrying messages between the brain and hand include the median nerve, ulnar nerve, and radial nerve. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • Median nerve pain (also called median nerve compression or median nerve entrapment) can result in persistent forearm or wrist pain. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • When the median nerve is entrapped at the wrist, it results in the most common form of nerve compression syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • The median nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve that forms from the convergence of the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus. (statpearls.com)
  • The median nerve then enters the hand via the carpal tunnel, along with the tendons of the FDS, FDP, and FPL. (statpearls.com)
  • The sensory distribution of the median nerve supplies the palmar aspect of the lateral palm, palmar aspect of the lateral three and a half digits, and the dorsal aspect of the lateral three and a half digits distal to the PIP joint. (statpearls.com)
  • It occurs when the median nerve is compressed at the wrist and arms, and cervical reason. (rxharun.com)
  • The median nerve extends from the upper arm to the thumb to the phalanges. (rxharun.com)
  • Proximal compression or neuropathy of the median nerve is rare compared with carpal tunnel syndrome but recognition and management of these conditions is important. (publisso.de)
  • Pronator syndrome refers to compression of the median nerve around the elbow, which may present with pain in the forearm and paraesthesia in the hand. (publisso.de)
  • Pronator syndrome is the most proximal compression neuropathy of the median nerve. (publisso.de)
  • Originally described by Seyffarth in 1951 [ 1 ], pronator syndrome (PS) is a somewhat misleading name as the syndrome encompasses compression of the median nerve around the elbow at more anatomical sites than just the pronator teres. (publisso.de)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when a nerve in the hand and forearm, known as the median nerve, gets pinched (compressed) within a passage called the carpal tunnel. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The carpal tunnel is a narrow canal at the wrist through which the median nerve extends from the forearm to the hand and the first four fingers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Although patients often have difficulty isolating the sensory complaints to the median-innervated digits, sensory findings on examination are typically limited to the distribution of the median nerve. (medscape.com)
  • The classic motor and sensory signs of CTS including the provocative bedside tests, but do not reliably distinguish among patients with suggestive CTS symptoms between focal median nerve neuropathy as confirmed by electrophysiological testing and other conditions with similar complaints and negative electrophysiological results. (medscape.com)
  • [ 29 ] An increasing wrist ratio correlates with prolongation of the median nerve sensory latencies and distal motor latencies. (medscape.com)
  • In this condition, the carpal tunnel compresses the median nerve as it travels through the carpal tunnel in your wrist. (healthline.com)
  • The median nerve can be compressed by the muscles in your forearm below your elbow. (healthline.com)
  • The anterior interosseous nerve is a motor nerve branch of the median nerve. (healthline.com)
  • Specifically, the median nerve related to Carpal Tunnel syndrome . (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that occurs when the median nerve in the wrist becomes compressed. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • These symptoms are often referred to as a "median nerve distribution" pattern. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • It is often used in conjunction with other clinical assessments, such as the Tinel's sign (tapping on the median nerve) and nerve conduction studies, to help confirm the diagnosis of Carpal tunnel syndrome. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. (nih.gov)
  • Our purpose was to evaluate the role of high-resolution ultrasonography (US), performed with a 10-13 MHz probe, in the detection of morphovolumetric changes of the median nerve to confirm the clinical diagnosis. (nih.gov)
  • subsequently we studied 294 wrists in 186 symptomatic patients, calculating the cross-sectional area of the median nerve at three levels: before the median nerve enters the carpal tunnel, at the carpal tunnel inlet and at the outlet. (nih.gov)
  • US was considered diagnostic for CTS when the median nerve area increased at the inlet or flattening was present along the carpal tunnel. (nih.gov)
  • in six cases anatomic variant of the median nerve was detected. (nih.gov)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is the compression of the median nerve at the wrist, which may result in numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle atrophy in the hand and fingers. (cdc.gov)
  • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome is compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Electrophysiology in distal median nerve compression syndrome--the so-called carpal tunnel syndrome]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disorder caused by disturbances in nerve function (neuropathy), leading to pain and numbness or tingling (paresthesia) primarily in the wrist and hand. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Compression or 'pinching' of one of the main arm nerves can cause tingling, numbness, and nerve pain in the arm. (healthline.com)
  • The symptoms are the same as carpal tunnel syndrome, except the numbness can extend into your palm, and you may feel pain in your forearm and elbow. (healthline.com)
  • Pressure on the nerve can lead to pain in the low back, buttock, groin, or posterior thigh, and it can be a cause of sciatica , with pain, tingling, or numbness along the course of the sciatic nerve. (britannica.com)
  • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome symptoms most often include numbness, tingling and reduced blood flow in the arms and hands. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • TOS symptoms include numbness of the entire arm and hand due to compression of the brachial plexus as it passes through the neck and shoulder regions of the body. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Narrowing / stenosis of the spinal and nerve root canals can cause chronic pain, numbness, and muscle weakness in your arms or legs. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Repeated movements such as typing, working on an assembly line, or playing golf or racquet sports can cause compression of the nerves in the hands and wrists -- leading to numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness. (dukehealth.org)
  • In addition, foot numbness can be due to exertional compartment syndrome. (childrens.com)
  • Symptoms of cauda equina syndrome include low back pain , numbness and/or tingling in the buttocks and lower extremities ( sciatica ), weakness in the legs, and incontinence of the bladder and/or bowels. (medicinenet.com)
  • The numbness of cauda equina syndrome typically is in the distribution of where the body would touch a saddle when sitting upon a horse, and is referred to as 'saddle anesthesia. (medicinenet.com)
  • The compression can cause numbness, tingling, and a burning pain in the legs above the knees, a condition called "meralgia paresthetica," also known as "tingling thigh syndrome" and now sometimes termed "tight jean syndrome. (drweil.com)
  • It typically causes symptoms similar to sciatic nerve compression in the lumbosacral spine, with pain, tingling, and numbness that radiate into the leg, findings that are not present in this patient. (kevinmd.com)
  • Symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome include numbness and paresthesia along the ulnar nerve distribution (in the ring and little fingers and the ulnar aspect of the hand) and elbow pain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The symptoms affect just one particular part of the body, depending on which nerve is affected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Head Upper limb Lower limb, abdomen and pelvis Symptoms vary depending on whether the affected nerve contains motor and/or sensory fibers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The distribution of symptoms is highly specific to the nerve entrapped and the way the nerve courses and branches beyond the entrapment point. (wikipedia.org)
  • For a given entrapment neuropathy, symptoms will only present in the areas innervated by that nerve and distal to the entrapment point. (wikipedia.org)
  • Repetitive motion, force, posture, and vibratory influences on the peripheral nerves of the upper extremity are poorly understood but are blamed as contributing factors to the development of neuropathic symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • People suffering from carpal tunnel syndrome present with the following symptoms. (healthhype.com)
  • Although other causes do not contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome itself, it does give rise to similar symptoms and should therefore be considered. (healthhype.com)
  • Injury to the radial nerve usually causes symptoms in the back of the hand near the thumb, index, and middle fingers. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • There are a number of conservative treatment methods that may help to alleviate symptoms of nerve compression. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • Nerve compression syndromes of the hand present with various signs and symptoms that correspond to the nerve involved and its anatomic distribution. (statpearls.com)
  • An understanding of the anatomy and distribution of these nerves is paramount in distinguishing the various signs, and symptoms in nerve compression syndromes. (statpearls.com)
  • It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve, though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc, for example) of the hand present with various symptoms that correspond and referring to the nerve involved and its anatomic distribution. (rxharun.com)
  • Suprascapular nerve compression syndrome - This affects the suprascapular nerve and can cause symptoms in shoulder pain, paresthesia. (rxharun.com)
  • Meralgia paresthetica - This affects the lateral cutaneous nerve injury, compression and can cause symptoms in the outer thigh. (rxharun.com)
  • While the specific symptoms of central pain syndrome may vary over time, the presence of some set of symptoms is essentially continuous once they begin. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome may be triggered by certain activities that flex or extend the wrist, such as driving, typing, or holding a telephone. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Over time, people with carpal tunnel syndrome can have muscle and nerve wasting (atrophy) in the affected hand and a reduced ability to detect sensations, which can be mistaken for an improvement of symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the presence of a mixture of hand, arm, shoulder and neck symptoms. (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • All of these symptoms are due to pressure (or compression) against the nerves (called the brachial plexus) or blood vessels within the scalene triangle at the thoracic outlet . (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • Depending on your symptoms, the doctor will be able to tell if you might have a nerve, vein, or artery compression. (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • The compressed nerve then becomes inflamed, which causes symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Unlike carpal tunnel syndrome, it usually doesn't cause symptoms at night. (healthline.com)
  • Other nerves and structures in the area may also be impinged (compressed), leading to similar symptoms. (britannica.com)
  • These symptoms are caused by adhesions in the muscles in the neck and upper chest which interfere with the normal signals coming from the brachial plexus bundle of nerves that serve the arms and hands. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Thoracic Outlet Syndrome symptoms are generally caused by compression of the soft tissues at the side of the neck. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Compression of these blood vessels can also contribute to troubling symptoms, making it feel like circulation has been cut off. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Since compression of major blood vessels can also be present in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, symptoms can also include loss of circulation in the arm and hand. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Sleeping can bring on increased symptoms due to the compression of the nerve plexus or blood vessels when lying down. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • The symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome are complex and often bewildering because they can be the result of a combination of things all affecting the body in different ways. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • A positive Phalen's test is indicated when wrist flexion reproduces or exacerbates any symptoms associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • A negative Phalen's test suggests that the test did not reproduce the characteristic symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Nerve conduction studies called electromyography may be suggested, however the results often don't reflect the symptoms, so this test may not give any useful information. (mydr.com.au)
  • However, considerable false-positive (no symptoms with neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve on MR imaging) and false-negative (typewriter tinnitus without demonstrable neurovascular compression of the cochlear nerve) findings were also observed. (ajnr.org)
  • RESULTS: There was relatively poor overlap between the reported symptoms, the physical examination findings, and the electrodiagnostic results consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, only 23 out of 449 subjects (5%) with at least 1 positive finding met all 3 criteria (symptoms, physical examination findings, and electrophysiological results consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome) for the dominant hand. (cdc.gov)
  • What are the symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome? (healthline.com)
  • The symptoms that you experience as a result of thoracic outlet syndrome will depend on whether the nerves or the blood vessels are affected. (healthline.com)
  • If your symptoms develop during provocation tests, then you likely have thoracic outlet syndrome. (healthline.com)
  • The goal of treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome is to ease symptoms and pain. (healthline.com)
  • Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome typically starts with the use of medications to help ease your symptoms. (healthline.com)
  • Cauda equina syndrome is diagnosed based on characteristic symptoms and confirmed by neurologic and radiology testing. (medicinenet.com)
  • Compression of the spinal cord at this level can lead to a number of typical symptoms of the syndrome (low back pain , sciatica , saddle sensory changes, bladder and bowel incontinence , and lower extremity motor and sensory loss). (medicinenet.com)
  • With complete cauda equina syndrome, the array of symptoms listed above is commonplace. (medicinenet.com)
  • Cauda equina syndrome is clinically diagnosed based on the characteristic symptoms described above. (medicinenet.com)
  • When the nerve root is involved, a set of symptoms called sciatica occurs in the areas of the leg supplied by the affected nerve. (spine-health.com)
  • Symptoms include elbow pain and paresthesias in the ulnar nerve distribution. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Diagnosis is suggested by symptoms and signs and sometimes nerve conduction studies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Anterior subluxation of the ulnar nerve during elbow flexion may produce similar symptoms with normal electrodiagnostic test results. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Motor nerve entrapment may present with muscle weakness or paralysis for voluntary movements of the innervated muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Above the elbow, the ulnar nerve lies on the long head and then the medial head of the triceps muscle, directly posterior to the medial intermuscular septum between the brachialis and the triceps muscles. (medscape.com)
  • As it continues distally, it gives off a branch called the anterior interosseous nerve, which supplies the deep forearm muscles that include: lateral half of the FDP that supply the second and third digits, flexor pollicis longus (FPL), and pronator quadratus. (statpearls.com)
  • and overuse syndrome (muscles that are used to compensate for those that no longer function normally are over-worked, resulting in muscle strain). (encyclopedia.com)
  • neck muscles (called scalene muscles) and the nerves (brachial plexus). (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • Hemifacial spasm is a neuromuscular movement disorder characterized by brief or persistent involuntary contractions of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. (aerzteblatt.de)
  • Hemifacial spasm is a movement disorder of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). (aerzteblatt.de)
  • Hemifacial spasm is characterized by progressive, involuntary, irregular, clonic or tonic movements of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) ( 6 ). (aerzteblatt.de)
  • Shortened neck muscles can lead to compression of the neck vertebrae. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Nerves and muscles. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • The sympathetic nervous system consists of ganglia, nerves and plexuses (a braid of nerves) that supply the involuntary muscles. (eorthopod.com)
  • Low back pain (lumbar pain) can be caused by a problem in the muscles, ligaments, discs, joints or nerves of the spine. (mydr.com.au)
  • This compression causes weakness in the motor strength of the muscles of the hand and forearm and can lead to clawing of the middle, ring, and little fingers. (nih.gov)
  • The scalene muscles, in addition to cervical ribs, may cause thoracic outlet syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • Changing the grip on the handlebars takes the stress off of over-used muscles and redistributes pressure to different nerves. (childrens.com)
  • Blood vessels, nerves, and muscles that extend from the back to the arms pass through this area. (healthline.com)
  • Electromyography allows your doctor to see how well the muscles and nerves in the thoracic outlet are working. (healthline.com)
  • A nerve conduction study uses a low amount of electrical current to measure how quickly your nerves send impulses to various muscles throughout the body. (healthline.com)
  • The sciatic nerve supplies major parts of the skin and muscles in the thigh, leg, and foot. (spine-health.com)
  • If the sciatic nerve is affected due to inflammation or compression, the function of the muscles that it supplies may be reduced. (spine-health.com)
  • The sciatic nerve controls muscles in the thigh, leg, and foot. (spine-health.com)
  • After traveling through the greater sciatic foramen in the pelvis, the sciatic nerve innervates a series of muscles along its course. (spine-health.com)
  • The undivided sciatic nerve innervates the 4 hamstring muscles and the short head of the biceps femoris muscle along the back of the thigh. (spine-health.com)
  • This nerve supplies the calf muscles along the back of the leg. (spine-health.com)
  • The nerve supplies several muscles along the front and outer side of the leg. (spine-health.com)
  • The sciatic nerve provides a wide range of motor functions, including powering movement to the muscles that move each thigh, leg, and foot. (spine-health.com)
  • This area has many small bones and muscles that surround and protect the spinal cord and nerves. (epnet.com)
  • The muscles involved in the split hand are innervated through the same spinal segments (C8 and T1), and FDI and ADM, which are differentially affected, are both ulnar nerve innervated. (bmj.com)
  • FDI, thenar and hypothenar muscles are innervated by C8-T1, and FDI and hypothenar muscles by the ulnar nerve. (bmj.com)
  • Nerve conduction studies When determining whether weakness is due to a nerve, muscle, or neuromuscular junction disorder is clinically difficult, these studies can identify the affected nerves and muscles. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Alternatively, there may be expansion of the tissues around a nerve in a space where there is little room for this to occur, as is often the case in carpal tunnel syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • This superficial nerve does not lie within the carpal tunnel. (medscape.com)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is very common condition, affecting 5 to 15% of the general population population. (healthhype.com)
  • More women are affected than men and the majority of carpal tunnel syndrome patients are in the 45 to 60 year age group. (healthhype.com)
  • There is a distinct occupational hazard associated with carpal tunnel syndrome and therefore people engaged in jobs where there is forceful and repetitive movements are more likely to develop the condition. (healthhype.com)
  • The carpal tunnel is a small passageway through which nerves and muscle tendons pass between the forearm and the hand. (healthhype.com)
  • In carpal tunnel syndrome, there is a very high pressure inside the carpal tunnel as the tendons swell due to overuse. (healthhype.com)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome starts as a vague ache in the wrist that spreads to the hand or forearm. (healthhype.com)
  • Thumb, index, middle and ring fingers are affected in carpal tunnel syndrome while the little finger is often unaffected. (healthhype.com)
  • Pain radiating from the wrist to the arm or spreading down into the palm or fingers is characteristic of carpal tunnel syndrome. (healthhype.com)
  • For patient education resources, see the Hand, Wrist, Elbow, and Shoulder Center and Procedures Center, as well as Repetitive Motion Injuries and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common and 1st type of nerve compression syndrome. (rxharun.com)
  • Excess pressure on the wrist may cause swelling, tenderness which can lead to carpal tunnel syndrome. (rxharun.com)
  • Neurologic - Nerve entrapment syndromes, particularly carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar nerve entrapment in the Guyon canal. (rxharun.com)
  • While carpal tunnel syndrome can occur at any age, it most often affects people between the ages of 40 and 60. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In carpal tunnel syndrome, the pain or paresthesia is usually felt in the wrist, the palm, and the first four fingers of the hand. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is estimated to affect 1 to 5 percent of the adult population. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is often described as idiopathic because its cause is frequently unknown but can be influenced by lifestyle factors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve compression can be caused by many factors including inflammation of connective tissues surrounding the carpal tunnel, accumulation of fluids (edema) in the lower arm, hormonal changes, stress and trauma to the wrist, or obstructions within the carpal tunnel, such as a cyst or tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs in 20 to 45 percent of pregnant women, likely due to edema or hormonal changes, and often goes away at the end of the pregnancy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Particular activities, often related to certain occupations, may increase a person's risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is likely that the impact of computer use on the development of carpal tunnel syndrome is minor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is a complex condition and is usually not inherited. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, having a close relative with carpal tunnel syndrome likely increases a person's risk of developing the condition. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When carpal tunnel syndrome occurs as part of a genetic syndrome, this feature follows the inheritance pattern of the syndrome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In early carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), paresthesias are intermittent, and the hand is reported as falling asleep, with pins and needles sensation. (medscape.com)
  • Neuropax Clinic is the St. Louis Leader for Carpal Tunnel, Headache Surgery, Nerve Compression, and Chronic Joint Pain. (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • Repeatedly extending and flexing your wrist can lead to compression by reducing the size of the carpal tunnel. (healthline.com)
  • Repetitive movements of your wrists frequently cause carpal tunnel syndrome. (healthline.com)
  • If only some parts of the hand and arm are numb, then other conditions such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome (also known as Cubital Tunnel Syndrome), or Radial Tunnel Syndrome should be considered. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • This is called carpal tunnel syndrome . (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Does a positive Phalen's test mean I have Carpal tunnel syndrome? (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • It's important to note that while Phalen's test is a useful clinical tool, however, the test alone is not enough to diagnose Carpal tunnel syndrome. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing Carpal tunnel syndrome effectively and preventing further nerve damage. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome exercises are done following a period of immobilization to aid recovery. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • Agreement between symptom surveys, physical examination procedures and electrodiagnostic findings for the carpal tunnel syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate the concordance between various clinical screening procedures for carpal tunnel syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • The screening procedures showed poor or no agreement with kappa values ranging between 0.00 and 0.18 for all the case definitions evaluated for carpal tunnel syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • The results of this study also point to a need for the further development and evaluation of methods for detecting carpal tunnel syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Common nerve-compression problems include carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome. (dukehealth.org)
  • To correctly diagnose brachial plexus compression due to cervical ribs, one must rule out compression of the nerves in other locations including, carpal tunnel syndrome, ulnar nerve entrapment, and cervical disc herniation. (nih.gov)
  • Two common wrist overuse injuries, Cyclist's Palsy and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, can be prevented by alternating the pressure from the inside to the outsides of the palms and making sure wrists do not drop below the handlebars. (childrens.com)
  • Pathomechanics of peripheral nerve loading: evidence in carpal tunnel syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • Peripheral nerve injury is a common occurrence, with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) receiving the most attention. (cdc.gov)
  • Medial plantar nerve entrapment or compression syndrome, also known as jogger's foot is a nerve compression syndrome of the medial plantar nerve either in the distal tarsal tunnel or beneath the plantar arch at the knot of Henry . (radiopaedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] This syndrome is secondary to compression of the radial nerve distal to the musculospiral grove. (medscape.com)
  • Determination of distal latency of the motor nerves of the hand]. (bvsalud.org)
  • One sport-related cause of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment is seen in scuba divers where the weight belt worn around the waist directly compresses the nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • During this course, It gives off multiple sensory nerves (posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm, inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm, and the posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm) that supply the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm. (statpearls.com)
  • This report describes the educational case of a patient who developed three different cutaneous nerve entrapment syndromes at the same level of the thoracic nerve, which was difficult to differentiate from a vertebral compression fracture. (ejcrim.com)
  • During later assessment, anterior, posterior and lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndromes at the Th11 level were diagnosed. (ejcrim.com)
  • A combination of three different cutaneous nerve entrapment syndromes can occur in the same patient. (ejcrim.com)
  • Applegate WV, Buckwalter NR. Microanatomy of the structures contributing to abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. (ejcrim.com)
  • Mol FMU, Maatman RC, De Joode LEGH, Van Eerten P, Scheltinga MR, Roumen R. Characteristics of 1116 consecutive patients diagnosed with anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES). (ejcrim.com)
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (LACNES): a previously unrecognized cause of intractable flank pain. (ejcrim.com)
  • Endo T, Watari T. A rare presentation of a compression fracture or a typical presentation of lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome: a diagnostic error? (ejcrim.com)
  • Wearing tight clothes can compress a sensory nerve called the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve that runs from the abdomen through the thigh. (drweil.com)
  • Decompression surgery for spinal stenosis is elective, except in the rare instance of cauda equina syndrome or rapidly progressing neurologic deficits. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Cauda equina syndrome can be confirmed with neurologic and radiology testing but such testing should not be delayed. (medicinenet.com)
  • Specialized neurologic nerve testing of the lower extremities, such as nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and electromyography ( EMG ) tests can indicate nerve irritation effects in the low back. (medicinenet.com)
  • The condition is caused by entrapment of the medial plantar nerve either as a result of tarsal tunnel syndrome or further distally below the plantar arch at the knot of Henry between the navicular tuberosity and the abductor hallucis muscle 1,2 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nerve injury by a single episode of physical trauma is in one sense an acute compression neuropathy but is not usually included under this heading, as chronic compression takes a unique pathophysiological course. (wikipedia.org)
  • The so-called "cyclist palsy" is caused by prolonged grip pressures on handlebars, and has been postulated to be an entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve in the Guyon canal of the wrist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tight fitting handcuffs can compress the superficial branch of the radial nerve, known by several names such as Cheiralgia paresthetica, Wartenberg's syndrome, and handcuff neuropathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Also known as ulnar neuropathy or ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow joint, it occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed at the elbow joint. (rxharun.com)
  • Anterior interosseous syndrome (palsy) can result from mechanical compression or inflammatory neuropathy causing significant impairment of dexterity in the hand. (publisso.de)
  • Failure to adequately identify a common peroneal nerve neuropathy associated with fabella syndrome can lead to recurrent visits, unnecessary examinations, and surgical procedures. (usim.edu.my)
  • Compression neuropathy of the common peroneal nerve by the fabella. (usim.edu.my)
  • When the main body of the sciatic nerve is affected, sciatic neuropathy occurs. (spine-health.com)
  • The diagnosis is largely clinical and can be confirmed with diagnostic nerve blocks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Timely diagnosis is important as untreated chronic nerve compression may cause permanent damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome is based on your medical history and physical examination. (texasneurospine.com)
  • Diagnosis is confirmed through evidence of a nerve conduction velocity test, a specialized test that checks how quickly electrical signals move through a nerve. (omarhandmd.com)
  • Diagnosis is usually based on the knowledge of a prior spinal cord or brain injury, coupled with the development of a chronic pain syndrome. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Chronic localized back pain due to entrapment of cutaneous branches of posterior rami of the thoracic nerves (POCNES): a case series on diagnosis and management. (ejcrim.com)
  • The post-operative diagnosis was: 'Nerve root compression syndrome, left. (cornell.edu)
  • Electrodiagnostic tests as nerve conduction studies and small fiber testing or imaging as MRI of the foot and ankle might support the clinical diagnosis. (radiopaedia.org)
  • A diagnostic nerve block at the entrapment site can confirm diagnosis 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome is often possible clinically. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dynamic ultrasonography can confirm the diagnosis and differentiate it from the less common snapping triceps syndrome (subluxation of medial head of triceps over medial epicondyle). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ulnar neuropathies caused by mechanical compression of the nerve at any location from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its terminations in the hand. (wakehealth.edu)
  • 3 Bouche P. Compression and entrapment neuropathies. (spine-health.com)
  • The nerve is superficial to the brachialis muscle and usually lies in a groove with the brachial artery, between the brachialis and biceps muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The ulnar nerve arises from the medial cord of the brachial plexus. (medscape.com)
  • The ulnar nerve travels posterior to the brachial artery and remains within the flexor compartment of the upper extremity until it reaches the medial epicondyle. (medscape.com)
  • The radial nerve begins at the brachial plexus (shoulder) and extends down to the wrist and hand. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • Ultimately, the cause is compression and tethering of the brachial plexus nerves at the thoracic outlet. (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • Passing through this area is a major nerve bundle known as the Brachial Plexus, which sends sensation to the entire arm. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • In Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, the brachial plexus becomes pinched or restricted. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Incomplete cervical ribs, more often than complete cervical ribs, most commonly affect the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus, consisting of the C8 and T1 nerve roots [3] . (nih.gov)
  • The radial nerve is 1 of the 4 important branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and has the root values of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. (medscape.com)
  • A brachial plexus schematic, radial nerve sensory distribution, and radial nerve course are shown in the images below. (medscape.com)
  • In the axilla, the radial nerve descends behind the axillary and brachial arteries, passes between the long and medial heads of the triceps muscle, and enters the posterior compartment of the arm. (medscape.com)
  • The superficial branch of the radial nerve descends lateral to the radial artery and passes backward under the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Compression of this nerve can occur at one or more sites in your forearm. (healthline.com)
  • The deep branch of the radial nerve winds around the lateral part of the neck of the radius and enters the posterior compartment of the forearm. (medscape.com)
  • Compression occurs because of the brachioradialis muscle during forearm pronation. (medscape.com)
  • The use of a thick wallet in the rear pocket can compress the sciatic nerve when sitting. (wikipedia.org)
  • piriformis syndrome , irritation of the sciatic nerve as it passes over, under, or through the piriformis muscle of the buttock. (britannica.com)
  • The sciatic nerve is a very large nerve, important for both movement and sensation. (britannica.com)
  • Piriformis syndrome is due to entrapment and irritation of the sciatic nerve. (britannica.com)
  • Depending on the individual's anatomy, the sciatic nerve can be compressed as it passes between the piriformis muscle and the bone of the sciatic notch or, in 15% of the cases, through the muscle itself. (britannica.com)
  • Piriformis syndrome results from compression or limitation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. (kevinmd.com)
  • The sciatic nerve is formed by the merging of 5 spinal nerves. (spine-health.com)
  • Similarly, trauma to the sciatic nerve can cause sensory problems in the leg, which typically include a burning, searing, icy, or numb feeling in one or more parts. (spine-health.com)
  • The tibial branch of the sciatic nerve is derived from the L5, S1, S2, and S3 spinal nerves. (spine-health.com)
  • The common peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve is derived from the L4, L5, S1, and S2 spinal nerves. (spine-health.com)
  • The sciatic nerve helps facilitate several movements of the foot. (spine-health.com)
  • If the sciatic nerve is impaired in any way, the affected portion of the nerve root or sciatic nerve determines which motor functions are affected. (spine-health.com)
  • An example of a sciatic nerve root-related motor dysfunction is foot drop (difficulty in lifting the front part of the foot) and steppage gait , which occurs when the L5 nerve root in the lumbosacral joint is affected. (spine-health.com)
  • General motor impairment signs of a sciatic nerve problem include difficulty or inability to walk, bend the leg, and/or stand on tiptoe or heel. (spine-health.com)
  • Common sites of compression include the retroepicondylar groove, cubital tunnel at the elbow (CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME), and Guyon's canal at the wrist. (wakehealth.edu)
  • Guyon's canal syndrome refers to compression of the ulnar nerve while it passes from the wrist into the hand through a space called the ulnar tunnel or Guyon's canal. (omarhandmd.com)
  • A compressed ulnar nerve affects your hand, wrist and little finger. (omarhandmd.com)
  • Areas where nerves travel through a narrow space, such as your elbow or wrist, can be more prone to nerve compression. (healthline.com)
  • This often occurs near your elbow or wrist, where bones and other structures form tunnels and small passageways your nerves must travel through. (healthline.com)
  • This uncommon condition occurs when the ulnar nerve is compressed in a tunnel on the pinkie side of your wrist. (healthline.com)
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome is also compression of the ulnar nerve, but the compression happens around the elbow, not the wrist. (healthline.com)
  • Usually, ulnar tunnel syndrome is caused by a ganglion cyst or chronic and repetitive wrist trauma (like a cyclist gripping a handlebar). (healthline.com)
  • In the area of your wrist, there is a sensory nerve branch of the radial nerve. (healthline.com)
  • Anything that fits tightly around your wrist, such as handcuffs or a watch, can compress the radial nerve here. (healthline.com)
  • An example is compression of one of the nerves in the wrist, which affects sensation in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • Those regions of the body rich in nerve endings such as the fingers, hands, wrist, and ankles are most commonly affected. (eorthopod.com)
  • Phalen's test, Phalen maneuver or wrist flexion test, is a simple clinical test which helps diagnose nerve compression in the wrist. (sportsinjuryclinic.net)
  • The ulnar nerve is commonly irritated at the elbow or, rarely, the wrist. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome is differentiated from ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist (in Guyon canal) by the presence of sensory deficits over the ulnar dorsal hand, by the presence of ulnar nerve deficits proximal to the wrist on muscle testing or nerve conduction velocity testing, and by the elicitation of ulnar hand paresthesias by tapping the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel at the elbow (positive Tinel sign). (msdmanuals.com)
  • For example, pain while sitting is associated with inferior cluneal nerve entrapment, pudendal nerve entrapment, and anococcyeal nerve entrapment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prolonged periods of cycling can be associated with pudendal nerve entrapment, as there is often direct compression on the pudendal nerve between the nose of the bicycle seat and pubic bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "Saturday night palsy" is used for a radial nerve injury caused by prolonged compression of the nerve at the spiral groove. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanical compression of the radial nerve in the spiral groove can also occur as a result of the continuous use of crutches or prolonged kneeling in a "shooting" position. (wikipedia.org)
  • Occupational exposure to forceful handgrip work and vibration, such as construction workers, increased the risk for surgical treatment of radial nerve entrapment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nerve innervates the pronator teres, flexor capri radialis, the FDS, and the 2 radial FDP tendons. (medscape.com)
  • Radial nerve. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • There are three nerves and their corresponding branches that provide sensory and motor innervation to the hand that include the median, ulnar, and radial. (statpearls.com)
  • The radial nerve is a mixed motor and sensory nerve that originates from the ventral rami of C5-T1. (statpearls.com)
  • Radial nerve compression syndrome - This syndrome affects the radial nerve most often, which extends the length of the arm. (rxharun.com)
  • The radial nerve is located near your elbow and branches into the posterior interosseous and superficial nerves. (healthline.com)
  • This is when the superficial branch (which is close to the surface) of the radial nerve gets pinched. (healthline.com)
  • Radial nerve block is a simple procedure that can be performed at various levels along the course of the radial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and palliative measures for acute painful conditions are all indications for radial nerve block. (medscape.com)
  • Sensory distribution of the radial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Course of the radial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] This is a painful condition of the radial nerve. (medscape.com)
  • To distinguish radial tunnel syndrome from tennis elbow , palpate the lateral epicondyle. (medscape.com)
  • In tennis elbow, this palpation reveals tenderness over the lateral epicondyle that is absent in radial tunnel syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • In adults, the radial nerve block is well tolerated with reassurance from the practitioner. (medscape.com)
  • Others nerve compression syndrome is most likely to occur at sites where nerves pass through tunnel-like structures in maximum cases. (rxharun.com)
  • In general, central pain syndrome is thought to occur either because the transmission of pain signals in the nerve tracts of the spinal cord is faulty, or because the brain isn't processing pain signals properly. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Irritation of the nerve is more likely to occur if there is an abnormality of the piriformis, such as hypertrophy (enlargement of the muscle), inflammation , scarring, or spasm. (britannica.com)
  • When these problems occur together, it is called Felty's syndrome. (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • CRPS is felt to occur as the result of stimulation of sensory nerve fibers. (eorthopod.com)
  • Foraminotomy is the removal of bone around the neural foramen - the canal where the nerve root exits the spine. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Each of these branches contains fibers from the nerve roots in the lower spine. (spine-health.com)
  • This entrapment usually occurs near the region of the elbow, particularly in the section called the cubital tunnel, and for that reason is also known as cubital tunnel syndrome. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • Putting too much pressure on the elbow and spinal cord in cervical Rajon may cause swelling, which can lead to ulnar tunnel syndrome. (rxharun.com)
  • The ulnar nerve is one of the 3 major nerves of your hand that travels down from the neck through the medial epicondyle (a bony protuberance on the inner aspect of the elbow). (omarhandmd.com)
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome can also happen as the nerve goes through another tight spot in the elbow area. (healthline.com)
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome is compression or traction of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome is most often caused by leaning on the elbow or by prolonged and excessive elbow flexion. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Common hand disorders include a variety of deformities, ganglia, infections, Kienböck disease, nerve compression syndromes, noninfectious tenosynovitis, and osteoarthritis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It is formed from branches of the lumbar and sacral nerve roots (L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3) and travels from the lower back, out of the pelvis, into the buttock, and down the back of the thigh, where it divides at the knee into the tibial and common peroneal nerves. (britannica.com)
  • MRI scans can show the spinal discs and the nerve roots and the soft tissues. (mydr.com.au)
  • Low back pain is a symptom of cauda equina syndrome. (medicinenet.com)
  • Cauda equina syndrome is a complication from the compression of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord within the spinal canal. (medicinenet.com)
  • Cauda equina syndrome can be caused by any condition that results in direct irritation or pinching of the nerves at the end of the spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)
  • Partial cauda equina syndrome is the terminology that applies when there is incomplete compression of the nerves of the lower spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)
  • Cauda equina syndrome is a medical emergency generally requiring a surgical decompression operation. (medicinenet.com)
  • The outlook for patients affected by cauda equina syndrome is determined by the extent of damage to involved nerve tissue. (medicinenet.com)
  • The terminology cauda equina literally means the tail of the horse and refers to the normal anatomy of the end of the spinal cord in the low back where it divides into many bundles of nerve tracts resembling a horse's tail. (medicinenet.com)
  • How do doctors diagnose cauda equina syndrome? (medicinenet.com)
  • Cauda equina syndrome is a medical emergency. (medicinenet.com)
  • Once the precise cause of cauda equina syndrome is determined (see above), generally aggressive operative intervention with surgical decompression is initiated. (medicinenet.com)
  • Guyon's canal syndrome is also called ulnar tunnel syndrome or handlebar palsy. (omarhandmd.com)
  • Sympathetic ganglia are collections of these nerves near the spinal cord. (eorthopod.com)
  • The U.S. Department of Labor defines CTS as a disorder associated with the peripheral nervous system, which includes nerves and ganglia located outside the spinal cord and brain. (cdc.gov)
  • Each one affects a different peripheral nerve and deep nerve. (rxharun.com)
  • Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndromes (TOS) Thoracic outlet compression syndromes are a group of poorly defined disorders characterized by pain and paresthesias in a hand, the neck, a shoulder, or an arm. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In athletes, piriformis syndrome can also be seen following activities that cause repetitive hip rotation and extension , such as running and climbing. (britannica.com)
  • Cubital tunnel syndrome happens when the ulnar nerve gets compressed as it runs through the cubital tunnel. (healthline.com)
  • Patients with chronic cubital tunnel syndrome may present with an ulnar claw hand. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A surgical nerve decompression can relieve pressure on the nerve but cannot always reverse the physiological changes that occurred before treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of surgical decompression for treating nerve compression due to the loop in the internal auditory canal is not always accepted due to the risk related to the surgical procedure. (alliedacademies.org)
  • To report the results with endoscope-assisted retro sigmoid approach for facial nerve or cochlear nerve microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm due to neurovascular conflict. (alliedacademies.org)
  • We carried out a prospective study in a tertiary referral centre observing 12 (5 male, 7 female) patients affected by hemifacial spasm, and three patients (2 men, 1 woman) affected from tinnitus due to a compression of cochlear nerve that underwent to an endoscope assisted retro sigmoid approach for microvascular decompression. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The endoscope assisted retro sigmoid approach technique offers an optimal visualization of the neurovascular conflict thorough a minimally invasive approach, thus allowing an accurate decompression of the facial nerve with low complication rates. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Surgical decompression is indicated when mechanical compression is suspected. (publisso.de)
  • Decompression surgery (laminectomy) opens the bony canals through which the spinal cord and nerves pass, creating more space for them to move freely. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Currently, patterns of symptomatology, objective measures of nerve function (eg, electromyelogram [EMG] evaluation, nerve conduction studies), and the anatomy associated with nerve compression have been well outlined. (medscape.com)
  • An unconscious habit that often contributes to the shifts in anatomy that can lead to Thoracic Outlet Syndrome is raising the shoulders. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • It is not uncommon that patients have seen several physicians and have been evaluated for cervical neck problems and shoulder problems prior to the referral for evaluation of thoracic outlet syndrome. (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • Deep ache or pain in the arms or shoulders is also characteristic of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Sleep patterns are often disturbed in many cases of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • To learn more about Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, visit these sections to familiarize yourself as much as possible with this complex condition. (selfcare4rsi.com)
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome refers to a group of conditions that develop when the blood vessels or nerves in the thoracic outlet become compressed. (healthline.com)
  • The cause of thoracic outlet syndrome isn't always known. (healthline.com)
  • Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome typically consists of physical therapy and medication. (healthline.com)
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome usually occurs when the thoracic outlet becomes narrowed and compresses the nerves and blood vessels. (healthline.com)
  • This reduces the size of their thoracic outlet and compresses nerves and blood vessels. (healthline.com)
  • Car accidents and other traumatic injuries can compress the thoracic outlet as well as the vessels and nerves in this area. (healthline.com)
  • Over time, the size of the thoracic outlet may shrink, placing pressure on the vessels and nerves. (healthline.com)
  • How is thoracic outlet syndrome diagnosed? (healthline.com)
  • How is thoracic outlet syndrome treated? (healthline.com)
  • The posterior interosseous nerve is the branch that travels deeper into your arm. (healthline.com)
  • Inflammation may also cause pressure on the nerves (compression). (healthlinkbc.ca)
  • The result is inflammation or swelling leading to more stimulation of the sensory nerve fibers. (eorthopod.com)
  • The blood vessels and nerves that serve your arm and shoulder are located in this space. (neuropaxclinic.com)
  • The increased pressure on the blood vessels and nerves may cause pain in your shoulders, neck, and arms. (healthline.com)
  • Patellofemoral syndrome (cyclist's knee), patella and quadriceps tendinitis, medial plica syndrome, and iliotibial band friction syndrome are a few of the more common knee overuse injuries. (childrens.com)
  • Ulnar nerve entrapment is the second most common type of nerve compression. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • Medial plantar nerve entrapment is a rather rare type of nerve compression syndrome most often seen in running athletes with inappropriate footwear and hindfoot valgus 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Medial plantar nerve entrapment syndrome is thought to lead to osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint 1 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • Compression of the spinal nerves of the spinal cord can lead to permanent dysfunction of the lower extremities, bladder, and bowels. (medicinenet.com)
  • Clinical appraisal suggests that tingling thigh syndrome may affect policemen who wear their guns on their hips and construction workers who wear heavy tool belts. (drweil.com)
  • The goal of these procedures is to relieve abnormal pressure on the affected nerve. (advancedreconstruction.com)
  • Surgery is recommended if conservative options fail to relieve pressure on the ulnar nerve. (omarhandmd.com)
  • Certain ligaments may be cut to relieve pressure on the ulnar nerve. (omarhandmd.com)
  • Discectomy is the removal of a portion of a bulging or degenerative disc to relieve pressure on the nerves. (mayfieldclinic.com)
  • Discectomy -remove damaged tissue between spinal bones, can relieve pressure on nerves. (epnet.com)
  • Near the back of the knee, the nerve divides into the tibial and common peroneal (fibular) branches. (spine-health.com)
  • 2 Kaufmann P. Tibial Nerve. (spine-health.com)