Nervous system autoimmune disease experimental. Medical search. Web

Experimental animal models for human AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. They include GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (see NEURITIS, AUTOIMMUNE, EXPERIMENTAL); MYASTHENIA GRAVIS (see MYASTHENIA GRAVIS, AUTOIMMUNE, EXPERIMENTAL); and MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (see ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, AUTOIMMUNE, EXPERIMENTAL).

Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils.

Terminal facilities used for aircraft takeoff and landing and including facilities for handling passengers. (from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed.)

A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. Chemokine CCL5 is specific for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR3 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS. The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS and T-LYMPHOCYTES.

Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.

Diseases of the twelfth cranial (hypoglossal) nerve or nuclei. The nuclei and fascicles of the nerve are located in the medulla, and the nerve exits the skull via the hypoglossal foramen and innervates the muscles of the tongue. Lower brain stem diseases, including ischemia and MOTOR NEURON DISEASES may affect the nuclei or nerve fascicles. The nerve may also be injured by diseases of the posterior fossa or skull base. Clinical manifestations include unilateral weakness of tongue musculature and lingual dysarthria, with deviation of the tongue towards the side of weakness upon attempted protrusion.

Traumatic injuries to the HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE.

Techniques for securing together the edges of a wound, with loops of thread or similar materials (SUTURES).

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.

Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.

The protective effect of IFN-gamma in experimental autoimmune diseases: a central role of mycobacterial adjuvant-induced myelopoiesis. (1/23)

The study of animal models for organ-specific autoimmune disease contributes to our understanding of human diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Although experimental autoimmune diseases develop spontaneously in certain strains of mice, others need to be induced by administration of organ-specific autoantigen, often together with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), containing heat-killed mycobacteria. In the two types of models, the role of endogenous interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has extensively been investigated by using neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma antibodies and by employing mice genetically deficient in IFN-gamma or its receptor. In these studies disease-promoting as well as disease-protective roles of endogenous IFN-gamma have been described. Remarkably, in most models that rely on the use of CFA, there is abundant evidence for a protective role. Here, we review evidence that this role derives from an inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on myelopoiesis elicited by the killed mycobacteria. These findings explain the bimodal role of IFN-gamma in different models of autoimmune disease and raise questions regarding the clinical relevance of these models. (+info)

Identification of Th2-type suppressor T cells among in vivo expanded ocular T cells in mice with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. (2/23)

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU), which is a T cell mediated organ specific autoimmune disease, is induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) in susceptible strains of mice. It has been found that IRBP-derived peptide 518-529 (p518-529) generates Th2-type responses and inhibits IRBP-induced EAU, indicating that the p518-529 might be an epitope for suppressor T cells in IRBP-induced EAU. First, we observed that there were T cells producing the Th2 type cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10 in late phase of EAU. Furthermore, to examine whether p518-529-reactive T cells expand in the eye during EAU, T cell receptor (TCR) of ocular T cells was compared with that of p518-529 reactive T cells in spleen from mice with EAU by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and nucleotide sequence analysis. SSCP and sequence analyses indicated that p518-529 reactive TCR BV10+ T cells bearing amino acid motif(PWG) and TCR BV13+ T cells bearing amino acid motif(PGLGGY) in their complementary-determining region 3 (CDR3) region were clonally expanding in ocular tissues on day 28 after immunization, although these T cells were not detected on day 14. These findings demonstrate that p518-529 reactive Th2-type T cells expand oligoclonally in the uveitic eyes in the late stage of EAU and may function as Th2-type suppressor T cells for improvement of the disease. (+info)

Intravenous immunoglobulin prevents experimental autoimmune myositis in SJL mice by reducing anti-myosin antibody and by blocking complement deposition. (3/23)

High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy has been effective in many autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases including polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). In the present study we evaluated the efficacy of IVIG using experimental models of PM and DM. An experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) model was produced in SJL/J mice by an immunization with rabbit myosin B (MB) fraction. In this model, the plasma level of anti-MB antibody was elevated, and mouse IgG and complement C3 were deposited in the muscle fibres. Administration of IVIG dose-dependently reduced the incidences of necrotic and inflammatory changes in the skeletal muscle. IVIG treatment also decreased the elevation of anti-MB antibody level, as well as the deposition of IgG and C3. We next evaluated the effect of IVIG in adoptive EAM mice made by an intravenous injection of lymph node cells previously stimulated with MB. Adoptive EAM mice showed similar lesions in skeletal muscle as EAM mice and IVIG inhibited the lesion development. In vitro experiments demonstrated that IVIG inhibited complement-mediated lysis of human erythrocytes sensitized with anti-human erythrocyte antibodies. The binding of C1q, C4 and C3 to the same cells was also inhibited by IVIG. Taken together these findings suggest that IVIG prevents the development of myositis in EAM and adoptive EAM models by several mechanisms, such as reducing anti-myosin antibody and by blocking complement activation. Our present findings might account for the clinical efficacy of IVIG in PM and DM patients. (+info)

Alpha4-integrin-VCAM-1 binding mediates G protein-independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels. (4/23)

Direct in vivo evidence is still lacking for alpha4-integrin-mediated T cell interaction with VCAM-1 on blood-brain barrier-endothelium in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To investigate a possible alpha4-integrin-mediated interaction of encephalitogenic T cell blasts with VCAM-1 on the blood-brain barrier white matter endothelium in vivo, we have developed a novel spinal cord window preparation that enabled us to directly visualize CNS white matter microcirculation by intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. Our study provides the first in vivo evidence that encephalitogenic T cell blasts interact with the spinal cord white matter microvasculature without rolling and that alpha4-integrin mediates the G protein-independent capture and subsequently the G protein-dependent adhesion strengthening of T cell blasts to microvascular VCAM-1. (+info)

Development of spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy in B7-2-deficient NOD mice. (5/23)

An increasing number of studies have documented the central role of T cell costimulation in autoimmunity. Here we show that the autoimmune diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain, deficient in B7-2 costimulation, is protected from diabetes but develops a spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy. All the female and one third of the male mice exhibited limb paralysis with histologic and electrophysiologic evidence of severe demyelination in the peripheral nerves beginning at 20 wk of age. No central nervous system lesions were apparent. The peripheral nerve tissue was infiltrated with dendritic cells, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells. Finally, CD4(+) T cells isolated from affected animals induced the disease in NOD.SCID mice. Thus, the B7-2-deficient NOD mouse constitutes the first model of a spontaneous autoimmune disease of the peripheral nervous system, which has many similarities to the human disease, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). This model demonstrates that NOD mice have "cryptic" autoimmune defects that can polarize toward the nervous tissue after the selective disruption of CD28/B7-2 costimulatory pathway. (+info)

Adult gonadal hormones selectively regulate sexually dimorphic quantitative traits observed in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (6/23)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by strong sexual dimorphisms, many of which may be due to genetically controlled sex hormone effects on the immune system, the central nervous system (CNS), or both. In the present study we used 487 gonadectomized and 376 intact age-matched F(2) mice generated through crosses of B10.S/SgMcdJ and SJL/J mice to assess the role of adult gonadal hormones in regulating clinical and histopathological quantitative traits (QT) associated with EAE in the context of genetic heterogeneity. We found that gonadectomy resulted in different effects, depending on the QT and the sex of the mouse. Ovariectomized mice on average had lower cumulative clinical disease scores, shorter duration of clinical signs, and increased peak disease scores. This trend was accompanied by a significant increase in the incidence of acute, progressive EAE which is more frequently seen in intact and orchiectomized males. Although spinal cord (SC) inflammation was the better predictor of clinical signs of EAE in both sexes, ovariectomized females had considerable reductions in nearly all histopathological QT in both the brain and SC. Orchiectomy resulted in modestly significant increases in disease severity and peak score and earlier onset of clinical signs. With the exception of SC demyelination and lesion scores, orchiectomy had no effect on histopathological QT. Importantly, gonadectomy reduced but did not completely abolish any of the sexually dimorphic clinical QT seen in intact mice. It did however, lead to a significant sexual dimorphism in incidence and severity not seen in intact mice. For histopathological QT, no sexual dimorphism was detected for brain lesions in either intact or gonadectomized mice. In contrast, SC histopathological QT exhibited significant sexual dimorphisms, which were impacted by gonadectomy. The results from this study indicate that within the context of genetic heterogeneity, circulating gonadal hormones influence both clinical and histopathological QT in this model of MS, but they do not solely account for the sexual dimorphisms seen in these traits. Thus, additional mechanisms must play a role in regulating gender differences in autoimmune disease of the CNS. (+info)

Anti-disialoside antibodies kill perisynaptic Schwann cells and damage motor nerve terminals via membrane attack complex in a murine model of neuropathy. (7/23)

Anti-disialoside antibodies (Abs) that bind NeuAc(alpha2-8) NeuAc epitopes on GQ1b and related gangliosides are found in human autoimmune neuropathy sera and are considered to be pathogenic. In a model system in mice, one mechanism by which anti-disialoside Abs have been demonstrated to induce paralysis is through a complement dependent blocking effect on transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, similar to the effects of alpha-latrotoxin. Although direct targeting of presynaptic neuronal membranes occurs in this model, concomitant injury to perisynaptic Schwann cells (pSC) could indirectly contribute to this paralytic effect by influencing nerve terminal function and survival. To examine this possibility and the specific complement components that might mediate these effects, we exposed neuromuscular junctions in vivo and in vitro to an anti-disialoside Ab in conjunction with intact and selectively deficient complement sources. Using immuno-electron microscopy, we observed Ab deposits equally distributed on both neuronal and pSC membranes, and ultrastructural evidence of injury at both sites. Presynaptic neuronal injury was demonstrated functionally with microelectrode recordings and histologically as neurofilament loss. As hypothesized, concomitant pSC injury occurred, as indicated by abnormal uptake of ethidium dimer into pSC nuclei. The pSC and nerve terminal damage indicators correlated well with deposition of the pore-forming terminal complement component, membrane attack complex (MAC) in pSC and nerve terminal membranes. Furthermore, both neuronal and pSC injury were exacerbated in tissues from mice lacking the inhibitory complement regulator, CD59, where MAC formation is increased. These data demonstrate that both presynaptic neuronal membranes and pSCs are targets for anti-disialoside Abs, and that the injury to both sites is mediated by MAC and further regulated by CD59. This is the first demonstration that complement mediated pSC injury occurs in a model of autoimmune neuropathy and provides a rationale for investigating the possibility of pSC injury in equivalent conditions in man. (+info)

Blockade of the C5a receptor fails to protect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. (8/23)

Complement activation contributes to inflammation and tissue damage in human demyelinating diseases and in rodent models of demyelination. Inhibitors of complement activation ameliorate disease in the rat model antibody-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and rats unable to generate the membrane attack complex of complement develop inflammation without demyelination. The role of the highly active chemotactic and anaphylactic complement-derived peptide C5a in driving inflammation and pathology in rodent models of demyelination has been little explored. Here we have used a small molecule C5a receptor antagonist, AcF-[OPdChaWR], to examine the effects of C5a receptor blockade in rat models of brain inflammation and demyelination. C5a receptor antagonist therapy completely blocked neutrophil response to C5a in vivo but had no effect on clinical disease or resultant pathology in either inflammatory or demyelinating rat models. We conclude that C5a is not required for disease induction or perpetuation in these strongly complement-dependent disease models. (+info)

A nervous system autoimmune disease, experimental, refers to a type of disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy nerves or tissues in the nervous system. This category includes conditions that are currently being researched and have not yet been fully proven or accepted by the medical community as definitive diseases.

In an autoimmune disease, the body's immune system produces antibodies and activates immune cells (such as T-cells) to attack and destroy foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. However, in an experimental nervous system autoimmune disease, the immune system mistakenly identifies normal nerves or nerve tissues as harmful and attacks them. This can lead to damage or destruction of the nerves, resulting in various neurological symptoms.

Examples of experimental nervous system autoimmune diseases may include conditions such as MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) or anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, which are still being studied and have not yet been fully recognized by the medical community. It is important to note that while these conditions are considered experimental, they can still cause significant harm and should be treated with appropriate medical interventions.

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the immune system, which normally protects the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues. This results in inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues in the body.

In autoimmune diseases, the body produces autoantibodies that target its own proteins or cell receptors, leading to their destruction or malfunction. The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood, but it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to their development.

There are over 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific autoimmune disease and the organs or tissues affected. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and suppressing the immune system to prevent further damage.

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is the part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is called the "central" system because it receives information from, and sends information to, the rest of the body through peripheral nerves, which make up the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

The CNS is responsible for processing sensory information, controlling motor functions, and regulating various autonomic processes like heart rate, respiration, and digestion. The brain, as the command center of the CNS, interprets sensory stimuli, formulates thoughts, and initiates actions. The spinal cord serves as a conduit for nerve impulses traveling to and from the brain and the rest of the body.

The CNS is protected by several structures, including the skull (which houses the brain) and the vertebral column (which surrounds and protects the spinal cord). Despite these protective measures, the CNS remains vulnerable to injury and disease, which can have severe consequences due to its crucial role in controlling essential bodily functions.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), is a small signaling protein that belongs to the chemokine family. Chemokines are a group of cytokines, or regulatory proteins, that play important roles in immune responses and inflammation by recruiting various immune cells to sites of infection or injury.

CCL2 specifically acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells, guiding them to migrate towards the source of infection or tissue damage. It does this by binding to its receptor, CCR2, which is expressed on the surface of these immune cells.

CCL2 has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various cancers, where it contributes to the recruitment of immune cells that can exacerbate tissue damage or promote tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, targeting CCL2 or its signaling pathways has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for these diseases.

Chemokines are a family of small proteins that are involved in immune responses and inflammation. They mediate the chemotaxis (directed migration) of various cells, including leukocytes (white blood cells). Chemokines are classified into four major subfamilies based on the arrangement of conserved cysteine residues near the amino terminus: CXC, CC, C, and CX3C.

CC chemokines, also known as β-chemokines, are characterized by the presence of two adjacent cysteine residues near their N-terminal end. There are 27 known human CC chemokines, including MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and eotaxin.

CC chemokines play important roles in the recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection or injury, as well as in the development and maintenance of immune responses. They bind to specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of target cells, leading to the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell migration, proliferation, and survival.

Dysregulation of CC chemokines and their receptors has been implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as in cancer. Therefore, targeting CC chemokine-mediated signaling pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these conditions.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. An airport is not a medical term, but rather a term used in transportation and aviation. An airport is a facility where aircraft such as airplanes and helicopters take off and land, typically comprising a building or group of buildings where passengers and cargo can embark and disembark and air traffic control and other services are located. It's primarily used for commercial flights carrying passengers and cargo, but it can also be used for general aviation purposes, such as private planes, military aircraft, and emergency medical services.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, also known as RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted), is a chemokine that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is a small signaling protein that attracts and activates immune cells, such as leukocytes, to the sites of infection or inflammation. Chemokine CCL5 binds to specific receptors on the surface of target cells, including CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5, and triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that result in cell migration and activation.

Chemokine CCL5 is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, such as wound healing, immune surveillance, and inflammation. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including HIV infection, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. In HIV infection, Chemokine CCL5 can bind to and inhibit the entry of the virus into CD4+ T cells by blocking the interaction between the viral envelope protein gp120 and the chemokine receptor CCR5. However, in advanced stages of HIV infection, the virus may develop resistance to this inhibitory effect, leading to increased viral replication and disease progression.

Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21), also known as secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) or exodus-2, is a type of chemokine that belongs to the CC subfamily. Chemokines are small signaling proteins that play crucial roles in regulating immune responses and inflammation by recruiting various leukocytes to sites of infection or injury through specific receptor binding.

CCL21 is primarily expressed in high endothelial venules (HEVs) within lymphoid tissues, such as lymph nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patches. It functions as a chemoattractant for immune cells like dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells, guiding them to enter the HEVs and migrate into the lymphoid organs. This process is essential for initiating adaptive immune responses against pathogens or antigens.

CCL21 exerts its effects by binding to chemokine receptors CCR7 and atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 (also known as CXCR7). The interaction between CCL21 and these receptors triggers intracellular signaling cascades, leading to cell migration and activation. Dysregulation of CCL21 expression or function has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, cancer, and inflammatory disorders.

Chemokine receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that bind to chemokines, which are small signaling proteins involved in immune cell trafficking and inflammation. These receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses, hematopoiesis, and development. Chemokine receptors are expressed on the surface of various cells, including leukocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Upon binding to their respective chemokines, these receptors activate intracellular signaling pathways that lead to cell migration, activation, or proliferation. There are several subfamilies of chemokine receptors, including CXCR, CCR, CX3CR, and XCR, each with distinct specificities for different chemokines. Dysregulation of chemokine receptor signaling has been implicated in various pathological conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, and viral infections.

The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the 12th cranial nerve (CN XII), is primarily responsible for innervating the muscles of the tongue, allowing for its movement and function. These muscles include the intrinsic muscles that alter the shape of the tongue and the extrinsic muscles that position it in the oral cavity. The hypoglossal nerve also has some minor contributions to the innervation of two muscles in the neck: the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius. These functions are related to head turning and maintaining head position. Any damage to this nerve can lead to weakness or paralysis of the tongue, causing difficulty with speech, swallowing, and tongue movements.

The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the 12th cranial nerve (CN XII), is primarily responsible for controlling tongue movements. Hypoglossal nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect this nerve and result in various tongue-related symptoms. These disorders can be congenital or acquired, and they may stem from different causes such as trauma, tumors, infections, inflammation, or degenerative processes.

Hypoglossal nerve diseases can present with the following symptoms:

1. Weakness or paralysis of the tongue muscles on one or both sides.
2. Deviation of the tongue towards the affected side when protruded.
3. Fasciculations (involuntary muscle twitches) or atrophy (wasting) of the tongue muscles.
4. Difficulty with speaking, swallowing, and chewing due to tongue weakness.
5. Changes in taste and sensation on the back of the tongue and throat.

Some specific hypoglossal nerve diseases include:

1. Hypoglossal nerve palsy: A condition characterized by unilateral or bilateral weakness or paralysis of the tongue due to damage to the hypoglossal nerve. Causes can include trauma, tumors, stroke, multiple sclerosis, or other neurological disorders.
2. Hypoglossal neuritis: Inflammation of the hypoglossal nerve, often caused by viral infections or autoimmune processes, leading to tongue weakness and atrophy.
3. Congenital hypoglossal nerve anomalies: Abnormal development of the hypoglossal nerve during fetal growth can result in various tongue-related symptoms and difficulties with speech and swallowing.
4. Tumors affecting the hypoglossal nerve: Both benign and malignant tumors, such as schwannomas or neurofibromas, can compress or infiltrate the hypoglossal nerve, causing weakness or paralysis.
5. Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis: A surgical procedure that connects the hypoglossal nerve to the facial nerve to restore facial movement in cases of facial nerve palsy. This connection can lead to tongue weakness as a side effect.

Hypoglossal nerve injuries refer to damages or impairments to the twelfth cranial nerve, also known as the hypoglossal nerve. This nerve is primarily responsible for controlling the movements of the tongue.

An injury to this nerve can result in various symptoms, depending on the severity and location of the damage. These may include:

1. Deviation of the tongue to one side when protruded (usually away from the side of the lesion)
2. Weakness or paralysis of the tongue muscles
3. Difficulty with speaking, swallowing, and articulation
4. Changes in taste and sensation on the back of the tongue (in some cases)

Hypoglossal nerve injuries can occur due to various reasons, such as trauma, surgical complications, tumors, or neurological disorders like stroke or multiple sclerosis. Treatment for hypoglossal nerve injuries typically focuses on managing symptoms and may involve speech and language therapy, exercises to strengthen the tongue muscles, and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

Suture techniques refer to the various methods used by surgeons to sew or stitch together tissues in the body after an injury, trauma, or surgical incision. The main goal of suturing is to approximate and hold the edges of the wound together, allowing for proper healing and minimizing scar formation.

There are several types of suture techniques, including:

1. Simple Interrupted Suture: This is one of the most basic suture techniques where the needle is passed through the tissue at a right angle, creating a loop that is then tightened to approximate the wound edges. Multiple stitches are placed along the length of the incision or wound.
2. Continuous Locking Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed continuously through the tissue in a zigzag pattern, with each stitch locking into the previous one. This creates a continuous line of sutures that provides strong tension and support to the wound edges.
3. Running Suture: Similar to the continuous locking suture, this technique involves passing the needle continuously through the tissue in a straight line. However, instead of locking each stitch, the needle is simply passed through the previous loop before being tightened. This creates a smooth and uninterrupted line of sutures that can be easily removed after healing.
4. Horizontal Mattress Suture: In this technique, two parallel stitches are placed horizontally across the wound edges, creating a "mattress" effect that provides additional support and tension to the wound. This is particularly useful in deep or irregularly shaped wounds.
5. Vertical Mattress Suture: Similar to the horizontal mattress suture, this technique involves placing two parallel stitches vertically across the wound edges. This creates a more pronounced "mattress" effect that can help reduce tension and minimize scarring.
6. Subcuticular Suture: In this technique, the needle is passed just below the surface of the skin, creating a smooth and barely visible line of sutures. This is particularly useful in cosmetic surgery or areas where minimizing scarring is important.

The choice of suture technique depends on various factors such as the location and size of the wound, the type of tissue involved, and the patient's individual needs and preferences. Proper suture placement and tension are crucial for optimal healing and aesthetic outcomes.

Nerve regeneration is the process of regrowth and restoration of functional nerve connections following damage or injury to the nervous system. This complex process involves various cellular and molecular events, such as the activation of support cells called glia, the sprouting of surviving nerve fibers (axons), and the reformation of neural circuits. The goal of nerve regeneration is to enable the restoration of normal sensory, motor, and autonomic functions impaired due to nerve damage or injury.

Neurology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of diseases and disorders of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, muscles, and autonomic nervous system. Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in this field, diagnosing and treating conditions such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and various types of headaches and pain disorders. They use a variety of diagnostic tests, including imaging studies like MRI and CT scans, electrophysiological tests like EEG and EMG, and laboratory tests to evaluate nerve function and identify any underlying conditions or abnormalities. Treatment options may include medication, surgery, rehabilitation, or lifestyle modifications.

Peripheral nerve injuries refer to damage or trauma to the peripheral nerves, which are the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. These nerves transmit information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body, including sensory, motor, and autonomic functions. Peripheral nerve injuries can result in various symptoms, depending on the type and severity of the injury, such as numbness, tingling, weakness, or paralysis in the affected area.

Peripheral nerve injuries are classified into three main categories based on the degree of damage:

1. Neuropraxia: This is the mildest form of nerve injury, where the nerve remains intact but its function is disrupted due to a local conduction block. The nerve fiber is damaged, but the supporting structures remain intact. Recovery usually occurs within 6-12 weeks without any residual deficits.
2. Axonotmesis: In this type of injury, there is damage to both the axons and the supporting structures (endoneurium, perineurium). The nerve fibers are disrupted, but the connective tissue sheaths remain intact. Recovery can take several months or even up to a year, and it may be incomplete, with some residual deficits possible.
3. Neurotmesis: This is the most severe form of nerve injury, where there is complete disruption of the nerve fibers and supporting structures (endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium). Recovery is unlikely without surgical intervention, which may involve nerve grafting or repair.

Peripheral nerve injuries can be caused by various factors, including trauma, compression, stretching, lacerations, or chemical exposure. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the injury and may include conservative management, such as physical therapy and pain management, or surgical intervention for more severe cases.

... is involved in the neuroinflammatory processes that takes place in the various diseases of the central nervous system (CNS ... CCL2 expression in glial cells is increased in epilepsy, brain ischemia Alzheimer's disease experimental autoimmune ... "Astrocyte expression of mRNA encoding cytokines IP-10 and JE/MCP-1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis". FASEB Journal ... Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 305. pp. 47-56. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6009-4_6. ISBN 978-1-4684-6011-7. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2

It is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is mostly used with rodents and is widely ... Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, sometimes experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), is an animal model of brain ... has been reported to induce a MS-like disease Also some experimental therapies for other diseases has produced MS artificially ... "Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the mouse." Curr Protoc Immunol, Chapter 15: Unit 15 11 Ellwardt, Erik; Zipp, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_autoimmune_encephalomyelitis

Further, his laboratory revealed that the gut microbiome impacts autoimmune diseases such as experimental multiple sclerosis. ... Axial aimed to 'microbiota analysis to better understand the relationship between microbes and the central nervous system', and ... The larger concept is, and this is pure speculation: Is a disease like autism really a disease of the brain or maybe a disease ... These discoveries include the demonstration that B. fragilis can treat experimental inflammatory bowel disease by inducing the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkis_Mazmanian

... nervous system autoimmune disease, experimental MeSH C20.111.258.625.300 - encephalomyelitis, autoimmune, experimental MeSH ... central nervous system MeSH C20.111.258.962.400 - lupus vasculitis, central nervous system MeSH C20.111.258.962.800 - temporal ... C20.111.258.625.350 - myasthenia gravis, autoimmune, experimental MeSH C20.111.258.625.700 - neuritis, autoimmune, experimental ... Still's disease, adult-onset MeSH C20.111.258.250 - demyelinating autoimmune diseases, cns MeSH C20.111.258.250.175 - diffuse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C20)

... nervous system autoimmune disease, experimental MeSH E05.598.500.500.500 - encephalomyelitis, autoimmune, experimental MeSH ... E05.598.500.500.750 - myasthenia gravis, autoimmune, experimental MeSH E05.598.500.500.875 - neuritis, autoimmune, experimental ... experimental MeSH E05.598.500.374 - diabetes mellitus, experimental MeSH E05.598.500.468 - liver cirrhosis, experimental MeSH ... experimental MeSH E05.598.500.496.843 - mammary neoplasms, experimental MeSH E05.598.500.496.937 - melanoma, experimental MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E05)

... autoimmune diseases and host defense has led to the experimental targeting of the IL-17A pathway in animal models of diseases ... promoting central nervous system inflammation. Psoriasis is an auto-inflammatory skin disease characterized by circumscribed, ... This disease and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have historically been associated with the ... T Cells in Autoimmune Disease". Frontiers in Immunology. 6: 100. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00100. PMC 4364365. PMID 25852682. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL17A

Decreases in the neural stem cells results in severe damage to the ability of the central nervous system to repair itself. This ... This form of treatment for the disease has been tested in many studies of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the animal ... 2010). "Decreased neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in mice with chronic/nonremitting experimental autoimmune ... In patients with multiple sclerosis, autoreactive lymphocytes such as T and B cells cause damage to the central nervous system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_uses_of_mesenchymal_stem_cells

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease in which an individual's immune system's causes an inflammation-based ... In a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis, mice taking oral dimethyl fumarate had less ... cells in the nervous system, e.g., microglia cells in the brain's cerebral cortex and hippocampus, cells in the eye's retinal ... Inflammatory bowel diseases, i.e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are chronic inflammatory diseases of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxycarboxylic_acid_receptor_2

Becher, Burkhard; Durell, Brigit G.; Noelle, Randolph J. (2002-08-15). "Experimental autoimmune encephalitis and inflammation ... High-dimensional single-cell mapping of central nervous system immune cells reveals distinct myeloid subsets in health, aging, ... and autoimmune disease. While using preclinical models of neuroinflammation as well as liquid biopsies of Multiple Sclerosis ( ... "Dysregulation of the Cytokine GM-CSF Induces Spontaneous Phagocyte Invasion and Immunopathology in the Central Nervous System ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhard_Becher

1999). "Autoimmune T cells protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy". Nature Medicine. ... such an experimental manipulation can at the same time increase the susceptibility to development of an autoimmune disease. ... the activity of autoimmune cells, is generally considered in the context of an autoimmune disease-a pathological condition ... autoimmune diseases can be induced experimentally by the adaptive transfer of autoimmune cells or antibodies from an animal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protective_autoimmunity

Browning JL (July 2006). "B cells move to centre stage: novel opportunities for autoimmune disease treatment". Nature Reviews. ... "BAFF is produced by astrocytes and up-regulated in multiple sclerosis lesions and primary central nervous system lymphoma". The ... Journal of Experimental Medicine. 201 (2): 195-200. doi:10.1084/jem.20041674. PMC 2212784. PMID 15642740. Quartuccio L, Fabris ... Elevated levels of BAFF have been associated with several B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blisibimod

The involvement of inflammasome has also been researched in several other diseases including experimental autoimmune ... "Pattern recognition receptors and central nervous system repair". Experimental Neurology. 258: 5-16. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol. ... The TLRs are expressed on most cells of the central nervous system (CNS) and they play a crucial role in sterile inflammation. ... Plant PRRs are associated with the innate immune system while NBS-LRR proteins are initiated in the adaptive immune system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern_recognition_receptor

Immunisation with an auto-antigen to induce an immune response to model autoimmune diseases such as Experimental autoimmune ... 1986). "The structure of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. ... However complex human diseases can often be better understood in a simplified system in which individual parts of the disease ... "The translation of drug efficacy from in vivo models to human disease with special reference to experimental autoimmune ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_organism

Other autoimmune diseases where group 1 CD1 restricted T cells might contribute include psoriasis and systemic lupus ... CD8+ TCR αβ+ CD1b T cells have been found in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis. They recognized ... June 2014). "A novel self-lipid antigen targets human T cells against CD1c(+) leukemias". The Journal of Experimental Medicine ... Siddiqui S, Visvabharathy L, Wang CR (2015). "Role of Group 1 CD1-Restricted T Cells in Infectious Disease". Frontiers in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_1_CD1-restricted_T_cells

Autoimmune diseases, Central nervous system disorders, Enterovirus-associated diseases, Measles, Rare diseases). ... About animal models, the main animal model for MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is also an animal model for ... Jones CT (November 2003). "Childhood autoimmune neurologic diseases of the central nervous system". Neurologic Clinics. 21 (4 ... "Anti-Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Central Nervous System Demyelination-A Novel Disease Entity?". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_disseminated_encephalomyelitis

... peripheral nerves and more recently the exciting field of central nervous system diseases. The principal autoimmune diseases ... "Angela Vincent Clinical and Experimental Neuroimmunology (archived copy)". www.imm.ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2 ... The group's research focused on autoimmune and genetic disorders of the neuromuscular junction, ... CASPR2 and Contactin-2 in CNS diseases. She demonstrated that transfer of antibodies across the placenta from the pregnant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Vincent

... of Oklahoma points to an autoimmune basis in a condition that presents as chronic malfunction of the autonomic nervous system. ... Adrenergic autoantibodies have been linked to Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans). Buerger's disease is a rare ... Other: Experimental studies observed that activating autoantibodies to the beta1/2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors are ... disease: when autoimmune and parasite-specific immune responses meet". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 73 (4): 547- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenergic_receptor_autoantibodies

The demyelinating disease attacks the myelin of axons in the central nervous system through autoimmune defects. While ... Unlike in MS-mimmicking animal models, such as Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, or EAE, toxin models allow for ... difficulties of studying demyelinating diseases and thus remyelination is that it takes place in the central nervous system. ... Franklin, RJM; C. Ffrench-Constant (November 2008). "Remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS): from biology to therapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remyelination

... microglia inhibited the development and maintenance of inflammation in the central nervous system in experimental autoimmune ... macrophages of the central nervous system to understand how they maintain homeostasis and contribute to brain-related diseases ... She has also discussed the specificity and efficacy of Cre/loxP systems for use in probing biological systems so that the field ... "Emerging roles of IL-34 in health and disease". Journal of Experimental Medicine. 217 (3). doi:10.1084/jem.20190290. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Greter

"NOGO mRNA expression in adult and fetal human and rat nervous tissue and in weight drop injury". Experimental Neurology. 169 (2 ... into the mechanisms of this protein presents a great potential for the treatment of auto-immune mediated demyelinating diseases ... a key inhibitor for central nervous system regeneration". Biochemistry. 47 (51): 13647-58. doi:10.1021/bi8017976. PMID 19035836 ... of this gene is a potent neurite outgrowth inhibitor that may also help block the regeneration of the central nervous system in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reticulon_4

... or other central nervous system diseases. Electroretinography is useful to definitively diagnose SARDS. While there is no ... but the most common hypotheses on the causes of the disease possibly include autoimmune disease, or exposure to toxins. ... have successfully restored vision in two dogs who have been in 2007 successfully treated through an experimental treatment by ... Autoimmune disease as a cause is controversial because some studies have supported the presence of antiretinal autoantibodies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden_acquired_retinal_degeneration_syndrome

CSF1R signaling is involved in several diseases and disorders of the central nervous system. Research using animal models of ... CSF1R inhibition prophylactically reduces demyelination in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model. The role ... Microglia are the tissue-resident phagocytes of the central nervous system. CSF1R signaling promotes migration of primitive ... In a rare bone disease called Gorham‐Stout disease, elevated production of CSF-1 by lymphatic endothelial cells similarly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_stimulating_factor_1_receptor

... is an autoimmune disease causing demyelination within the central nervous system. In the central nervous system, there are many ... are the main focus of some research which aims to minimize the effects seen in the model organism disease EAE (experimental ... These two brain structures are responsible for motor functions and linking the nervous system to the endocrine system, ... Vitamin D and the central nervous system. Pharmacol Rep 65(2):271-8. Aivo J, Hanninen A, Ilonen J, Soilu-Hanninen M. 2015. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_D_and_neurology

In May 2018, Tracey's team was first to decode specific signals that the nervous system uses to communicate immune status and ... a company called SetPoint Medical which aimed to develop vagus nerve stimulation devices to treat autoimmune diseases. The ... "Journal of Experimental Medicine". Rockefeller University Press. Retrieved 6 February 2019. "Molecular Medicine Editorial Board ... Behar, Michael (23 May 2014). "Can the Nervous System Be Hacked?". The New York Times. Finley, Allysia (22 July 2022). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_J._Tracey

... motor neuron disease, peripheral neuropathy, and other diseases of the nervous system". J. Neuroimmunol. 56 (1): 27-33. doi: ... 1994). "IgM ganglioside GM1 antibodies in patients with autoimmune disease or neuropathy, and controls". J. Clin. Pathol. 47 (4 ... McCombe PA, Wilson R, Prentice RL (1992). "Anti-ganglioside antibodies in peripheral neuropathy". Clinical and Experimental ... 1989). "Total, anti-viral, and anti-myelin IgG subclass reactivity in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system". J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiganglioside_antibodies

... is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and the nervous system. It ... Furthermore, certain genes have been identified that augment the risk of developing specific autoimmune diseases. Experimental ... whereas in autoimmune diseases there is a malfunction of the adaptive immune system. Symptoms of autoimmune diseases can ... Autoimmune diseases are a separate class from autoinflammatory diseases. Both are characterized by an immune system malfunction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease

Autoimmune diseases, Central nervous system disorders, Idiopathic diseases). ... Kusunoki S (December 2013). "Autoantibodies in neuroimmunological diseases; relevance of fine specificity". Experimental ... "Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system". Neuropathology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 145. ... For example, some diseases like Autoimmune GFAP Astrocytopathy or variants of CIDP that affects the CNS (CIDP is the chronic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflammatory_demyelinating_diseases_of_the_central_nervous_system

Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, Myelin disorders). ... Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of brain inflammation. Progressive encephalomyelitis with ... Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Information Page at ... a demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord, possibly triggered by viral infection. Encephalomyelitis disseminata, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalomyelitis

In addition, CXCR3 has been implicated in inflammatory brain damage in central nervous system (CNS) infections Evidence from ... Development of agents to block CXCR3-ligand interactions may provide new ways to treat these diseases. ... The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 197 (11): 1537-49. doi:10.1084/jem.20021897. PMC 2193908. PMID 12782716. Qin S, Rottman ... autoimmune myasthenia gravis, nephrotoxic nephritis, acute cardiac allograft rejection, allergic contact dermatitis, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCR3

It also has been shown to be effective with other autoimmune or inflammatory central nervous system disorders. Particular ... destruction of the exocrine system of the body Systemic lupus erythematosus: a systemic autoimmune disease featuring a wide ... and grass pollen to skin and nasal tests and history". Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 1 (1): 37-55. doi:10.1111/j.1365- ... for the immune system to cause inflammatory response anywhere in the central nervous system, the cells from the immune system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelitis

Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental*Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental. *Disease Models, Autoimmune, ... "Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental" by people in this website by year, and whether "Nervous System Autoimmune ... Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental [C20.111.258.625]. *Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and ... Experimental animal models for human AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. They include GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (see ...

https://profiles.rush.edu/display/8382

Evidence for CD4+ T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4+ T ... Evidence for CD4+ T cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4+ T ... is summarized to develop the thesis that vitamin D is the environmental factor that most strongly influences autoimmune disease ... is summarized to develop the thesis that vitamin D is the environmental factor that most strongly influences autoimmune disease ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00100/full

CCL2 is involved in the neuroinflammatory processes that takes place in the various diseases of the central nervous system (CNS ... CCL2 expression in glial cells is increased in epilepsy, brain ischemia Alzheimers disease experimental autoimmune ... "Astrocyte expression of mRNA encoding cytokines IP-10 and JE/MCP-1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis". FASEB Journal ... Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 305. pp. 47-56. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6009-4_6. ISBN 978-1-4684-6011-7. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2

... since they can spread from the respiratory tract to the central nervous system (CNS). Viruses infecting human CNS cells could ... causing a more severe disease (e.g., pneumonia). Respiratory viruses can also exacerbate asthma and lead to various types of ... and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. For a few decades now, data reported in the ... then cause different types of encephalopathy, including encephalitis, and long-term neurological diseases. Like other well- ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/1/14

Abstract: Purpose: Multiple sclerosis is a complex and devastating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Up to now ... Experimental Autoimmune Encephalitis (EAE) is the animal counterpart that reproduces critical features of the human MS process ... journal publishes papers relating the plasticity and response of the nervous system to accidental or experimental injuries and ... Experimental and clinical research papers adopting fresh conceptual approaches are encouraged. The overriding criteria for ...

https://content.iospress.com/journals/restorative-neurology-and-neuroscience/29/4

Multiple sclerosis disease (MS) is a 38.5 chronic neurological autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system, and its ... Beneficial effects of plant oils supplementation on multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review of clinical and experimental ... Deploying IoT-based systems can help optimize water-use efficiency in agriculture and address problems caused by extreme ... At present, there is no cure for this disease, and with its severity and disabling variety, it is important to search for ...

https://www.cabi.org/horticulture/search/?q=olives+OR+Olea&sort=DateDesc

"Serum Neuroinflammatory Disease-Induced Central Nervous System Proteins Predict Clinical Onset of Experimental Autoimmune ... Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 (PARK7) ELISA Kits. Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset ... can also help treat other diseases such as gut-brain axis diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury. ... Park7 (DJ-1) is considered a key biomarker in disease states, with high expression in cancer and loss-of-function mutations in ...

https://www.antibodies-online.com/p/park7-dj1-48937/park7-dj1-elisa-kits-17416/

In this Review, we discuss recent work that reveals the changes in white matter with ageing and neurodegenerative disease, how ... Myelin is damaged with normal ageing and in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer ... which is damaged with normal ageing and in several neurodegenerative diseases. This article reviews the mechanisms by which ... disease. Given the lack of approved therapies targeting myelin maintenance or regeneration, it is imperative to understand the ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-023-00907-4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=9dba4b38-5e14-4904-83b5-ed5194893a68

... disease-promoting effects have also been demonstrated for this enzyme. Recent studies have demonstrated that AMPK contributes ... gene deletion suppresses the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with experimental autoimmune ... 1H10 (5 μg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once per day for the entire experimental course. Histological evaluation was ... Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a cell-mediated autoimmune disease directed against myelin antigens of the central nervous system ( ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3375/htm

The study aimed to determine whether direct manipulation of Vit D levels would modulate central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune ... experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In order to evaluate the impact of genotype-by-Vit D interactions on EAE ... diseases in sex-by-genotype interactions by using a dietary model of Vit D modulation with the autoimmune animal model of MS, ... Sex-specific gene-by-vitamin D interactions regulate susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmunity [published online ...

https://www.ajmc.com/view/vitamin-d3-status-and-ms-susceptibility-is-genotype-dependent-study-finds

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS ... Here we identify a reactive myeloid state in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mice and MS patients that is ... in diseases affecting the brain presumably due to poor and variable myeloid cell incorporation into the central nervous system ... Although meningioma is the most common primary tumor of the central nervous system, the mechanism of progression from benign to ...

https://profiles.stanford.edu/yongjin-yoo

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by damage to the myelin sheaths ... Investigating the mechanism by which the atypical antipsychotic clozapine reduces disease in experimental autoimmune ... Investigating the mechanism by which the atypical antipsychotic clozapine reduces disease in experimental autoimmune ... shown previously that treating mice with risperidone or clozapine reduces the severity of disease in experimental autoimmune ...

https://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/6811

... you can activate the autonomic nervous system and inhibit the response of your immune system. Researchers from the Radboud ... This can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism. Our immune system is controlled, amongst other ... It was always thought that we could not voluntarily influence either the immune system or the autonomic nervous system. However ... Matthijs Kox and Professor of Experimental Intensive Care Medicine Peter Pickkers now demonstrate that this is possible using ...

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-05-modulating-immune-response.html

... is a demyelinating autoimmune disease mediated by infiltration of T cells into the central nervous system after compromise of ... Tuftsin promotes an anti-inflammatory switch and attenuates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Wu, M;Nissen ... dramatically improves the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established animal model ...

https://listlabs.com/citations_products/tuftsin-promotes-an-anti-inflammatory-switch-and-attenuates-symptoms-in-experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis/

However, both the autonomic nervous system and innate immune system are regarded as systems that cannot b … ... Acute activation of the sympathetic nervous system attenuates the innate immune response. ... Excessive or persistent proinflammatory cytokine production plays a central role in autoimmune diseases. ... Excessive or persistent proinflammatory cytokine production plays a central role in autoimmune diseases. Acute activation of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24799686/

C10 - NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. Disease Models, Autoimmune, Nervous System. Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental. ... Experimental Autoimmune. Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental. Neuritis, Experimental Allergic. Neuritis, Autoimmune, ... C20 - IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES. Immunologic Diseases. Immune System Diseases. C23 - PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS. ... Encephalomyelitis, Experimental Autoimmune. Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental. Hematoma, Epidural. Hematoma, Epidural ...

https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2005.htm

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2005.htm

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https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/I/rep_i2005.htm

Experimental autoimmune dacryoadenitis. I. Lacrimal disease in the rat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28:270-275. ... Nervous system and special sense organs. In: Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies: Interpretation and Relevance in ... and autoimmune disease.. In NTP studies, there are five standard categories of inflammation: acute, suppurative, chronic, ... Special Senses System. Lacrimal Gland - Inflammation Narrative. Comment:. Lacrimal gland inflammation in rats and mice can ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/lacrimal-gland/Inflammation

CNS central nervous system. DC dendritic cells. EAE experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FAAH fatty acid amide hydrolase ... BRIGHT J.J., SRIRAM S. Immunotherapy of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. Immunol. Res. 2001; ... experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a widely used animal model of this clinical disease (reviewed in Zamvil & ... TGF-beta in the central nervous system: potential roles in ischemic injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Cytokine Growth ...

https://www.420magazine.com/community/threads/cannabinoids-and-neuroinflammation.146245/

Is there any relationship between barrier immunity and autoimmune diseases of the nervous system Autoimmune illnesses, ... Intriguingly, tolerogenic responses to intestine microbiota may also ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalitis, a mouse ... influence the development of the enteric nervous system as well as the mature nervous system. Inflammation is related to ... directly related to our central nervous system by way of a community of neurons often recognized as the enteric nervous system ...

http://www.dnahelix.com/02/misoprostol/

CCL2 expression in glial cells is increased in epilepsy, brain ischemia Alzheimer's disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and traumatic brain injury. (wikipedia.org)
Previous studies in our lab revealed that chemical zinc chelation or zinc transporter 3 ( ZnT3 ) gene deletion suppresses the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (mdpi.com)
The study aimed to determine whether direct manipulation of Vit D levels would modulate central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases in sex-by-genotype interactions by using a dietary model of Vit D modulation with the autoimmune animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (ajmc.com)
We have previously shown that administration of tuftsin, a macrophage/microglial activator, dramatically improves the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established animal model for MS. Tuftsin administration correlates with upregulation of the immunosuppressive Helper-2 T cell (Th2) cytokine transcription factor GATA-3. (listlabs.com)
As zero-fiber diets have been associated with exacerbated disease in inflammatory disease models, we investigated dietary fiber's impact on the murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (ubc.ca)
Accelerated course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in PD-1-deficient central nervous system myelin mutants. (mcw.edu)
This article focuses on the distinct role of chemokines and chemokine receptors during CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). We review the evidence that chemokines and chemokine receptors have an intrinsic role in regulating and amplifying the inflammatory reactions in EAE or MS leading to disease outcome. (imrpress.com)
This case fits well in the spectrum of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous systems of children and young adults, which occur in close temporal relationship with several infectious illnesses and immunizations ( 2 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
In last two decades, there have been some remarkable successes of gene therapy approaches on the experimental mice model of MS - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) which suggests that it is not far that the gene therapy approaches would start in human subjects ensuring the highest levels of safety and efficacy. (benthamscience.com)
Increased expression of colony-stimulating factor-1 in mouse spinal cord with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis correlates with microglial activation and neuronal loss. (qmul.ac.uk)
In the multiple sclerosis disease model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Peli1 knock-out led to less activated microglia and less inflammation in the central nervous system. (longdom.org)
In the present study the overall brain proteomes of Peli1 knock-out mice and wild-type mice were compared prior to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction, at onset of the disease and at disease peak. (longdom.org)
and non-T cell mediated settings using the MOG35-55 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone-mediated demyelination models respectively. (bio-cavagnou.info)
MS is primarily studied in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (uwm.edu)
Inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by an antibody to the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. (2medicalcare.com)
Mesenchymal stem cells have been demonstrated to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, prompting clinical trials in MS which are currently ongoing. (ms-selfie.blog)
The factors that contribute to disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are not known. (aai.org)
We have shown previously that, following induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, prion-infected mice succumb to disease significantly earlier than controls, concomitant with the deposition of PrP Sc aggregates in inflamed white matter areas. (huji.ac.il)
In the present work, we asked whether prion disease acceleration by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis results from infiltration of viable prion-infected immune cells into the central nervous system.Methods: C57Bl/6 J mice underwent intraperitoneal inoculation with scrapie brain homogenates and were later induced with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by inoculation of MOG 35-55 in complete Freund's adjuvant supplemented with pertussis toxin. (huji.ac.il)
Prion disease incubation times as well as levels and sites of PrP Sc deposition were next evaluated.Results: We first show that acceleration of prion disease by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis requires the presence of high levels of spleen PrP Sc . (huji.ac.il)
Next, we present evidence that mice infected with activated prion-experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis viable cells succumb to prion disease considerably faster than do mice infected with equivalent cell extracts or other controls, concomitant with the deposition of PrP Sc aggregates in white matter areas in brains and spinal cords.Conclusions: Our results indicate that inflammatory targeting of viable prion-infected immune cells to the central nervous system accelerates prion disease propagation. (huji.ac.il)
Yeh EACollins ACohen MEDuffner PKFaden H Detection of coronavirus in the central nervous system of a child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. (jamanetwork.com)
Kaji MKusuhara TAyabe MHino HShoji HNagao T Survey of herpes simplex virus infections of the central nervous system, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, in the Kyushu and Okinawa regions of Japan. (jamanetwork.com)
In this particular case we found that the enzyme PKM2 acts in parallel with the differentiation of Th17, a lymphocyte subtype that triggers experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis," said José Carlos Farias Alves Filho, a researcher at CRID, which is one of several Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs) supported by São Paulo Research Foundation-FAPESP. (fapesp.br)
For his project, Damasceno used the model known as experimental immune encephalomyelitis, an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes loss of the myelin sheath protecting nerve fibers and allowing electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along them. (fapesp.br)
Autoantibody response to mouse PLP (139-151) has been observed in induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in SJL, F1, and SWR mice strains. (mobitec.com)
Following intravenous administration of these cells to mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis (MS), GFP+ cells were observed to migrate specifically into spinal cord lesions. (uni-goettingen.de)

presentations of suppression also have not really been recapitulated in a few configurations as MSCs lacked significant influence on experimental autoimmune neuritis [17]. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Suppression of experimental allergic neuritis by an antibody to the intracellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1. (2medicalcare.com)
Detection and quantification of antibodies to the extracellular domain of P0 during experimental allergic neuritis. (2medicalcare.com)
Inhibition of experimental autoimmune neuritis by an antibody to the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. (2medicalcare.com)
B cell responses to the PNS protein P0 in experimental autoimmune neuritis. (2medicalcare.com)
Attenuation of experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat by treatment with an antibody to L-selectin. (2medicalcare.com)
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Lack Efficacy in the Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis despite In Vitro Inhibition of T-Cell Proliferation. (ms-selfie.blog)
We performed two trials of efficacy of MSCs in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN, an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system) in Lewis rats, a model of human autoimmune inflammatory neuropathies. (ms-selfie.blog)

These results could have important implications for the treatment of conditions associated with excessive or persistent inflammation, such as autoimmune diseases. (nih.gov)
Lacrimal gland inflammation in rats and mice can result from various causes, including retrobulbar bleeding trauma, infectious agents such as sialodacryoadenitis virus in rats, and autoimmune disease. (nih.gov)
Although inflammation serves as a protective function in controlling infections and promoting tissue repair, it can also cause tissue damage and disease. (420magazine.com)
We chose to focus on MS because it is characterized by relapsing-remitting and chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), and cannabinoids have been shown to affect its pathogenesis. (420magazine.com)
Our data show that the interplay between immune dysregulation and myelinopathy results in a stable exacerbation of actively induced autoimmune CNS inflammation, suggesting that the combination of several pathological issues contributes significantly to disease susceptibility or relapses in human disease. (mcw.edu)
Gene therapy-induced antigen-specific Tregs inhibit neuro-inflammation and reverse disease in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. (benthamscience.com)
MS is usually a debilitating central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease that consists of CNS-directed inflammation demyelination and axonal degeneration. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Current therapies for multiple sclerosis effectively reduce inflammation, but do little in terms of repair to the damaged central nervous system. (drcalapai.com)
In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with altered expression of heat shock proteins (hsp) that may function as a target in the development of chronic disease. (aai.org)
The results support the conclusion that development of autoimmune-directed inflammation in the CNS is associated with differences in hsp 60 expression that may act as an additional target and/or modulator of the immune response. (aai.org)
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which binding of anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) to astrocytes causes complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and inflammation resulting in oligodendrocyte and neuronal injury. (chaen-rcah.ca)
The article describes the role of PKM2 (pyruvate kinase M2), the enzyme responsible for the final step of glycolysis, in the development and maintenance of the exacerbated inflammation typical of autoimmune diseases. (fapesp.br)
These are associated with the development and maintenance of inflammation common to autoimmune diseases. (fapesp.br)
The glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 [PKM2] mediated Th17 differentiation and autoimmune inflammation," Alves Filho said. (fapesp.br)
When PKM2 specific to T cells was excluded in vitro, Th17 differentiation was impaired and symptoms of the disease were attenuated, reducing the inflammation and demyelination mediated by Th17. (fapesp.br)

Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
EAE], the principal autoimmune model used to study the pathogenesis of MS, can be induced by immunization with CNS homogenate or specific myelin proteins/peptides, or by transfer of CD4 T cells reactive to these antigens," the authors explained. (ajmc.com)
Much controversy exists around the complex and multifaceted pathogenesis of this prevalent disease. (stanford.edu)
However, the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has not been clearly elucidated. (frontiersin.org)
MiRNAs also play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and several known miRNAs that are involved in these diseases have also been shown to play a role in CD8+ regulation. (frontiersin.org)
It is becoming evident that both the innate and the adaptive immune response are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases ( 4 ), especially adaptive immune response. (frontiersin.org)
However, mounting evidence has suggested that CD8+ T cells, in particular, play an important role in the induction, progression, pathogenesis, and protection for autoimmune diseases ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
We then discuss the contribution of microbiota in CNS and pathogenesis of CNS disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, it is imperative to explore the underlying pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets to more effectively prevent and treat autoimmune diseases [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Consequently, dyslipidemia may be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune diseases, but the effects of various lipid-lowering drugs on autoimmune diseases warrant further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings suggest that PCSK9i may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases through pathways other than lipid-lowering. (biomedcentral.com)
A class of MS drugs called Rituximab and Ocrelizumab led us to believe that B cells also played an important part in the pathogenesis of the disease," explains Roland Martin. (eurekalert.org)

With the risk of coronary heart disease as a positive control, primary outcomes included the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), myasthenia gravis (MG), multiple sclerosis (MS), asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). (biomedcentral.com)

This can lead to the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatism. (medicalxpress.com)
Scientists affiliated with the Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CRID), hosted by the University of São Paulo (USP) in Brazil, have discovered that an enzyme involved in key metabolic processes also plays a role in immune cell differentiation and hence in the development of autoimmune diseases. (fapesp.br)

Genome-wide meta-analysis, fine-mapping and integrative prioritization implicate new Alzheimer's disease risk genes. (nature.com)
A cell therapy approach to restore microglial Trem2 function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (stanford.edu)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the grand challenges facing human society. (stanford.edu)
2002) and also in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (McGeer & Rogers, 1992), HIV encephalopathy (Gendelman et al. (420magazine.com)
A structural component of brain cells, tau has also been linked to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (medlineplus.gov)

Researchers gathered data on patient-reported outcomes to support evidence for the continuation of natalizumab, a disease-modifying treatment, in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. (ajmc.com)
We demonstrated that standard fiber diets (5%) do not offer protection against EAE when compared to zero-fiber diets, whereas a diet high in the soluble fiber, guar gum (30%), inhibited disease progression and prevented lymphocytic CNS infiltration. (ubc.ca)
Experimental stem cell transplant therapy may hold promise for patients with a speciﬁc type of multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients who received the treatment did not experience a relapse of MS symptoms, progression of disability, or new brain lesions for ﬁve years. (medlineplus.gov)
i) to ease specific symptoms or ii) to reduce disease progression. (benthamscience.com)
Therefore, researchers have been working for the last four decades to discover better solutions by introducing gene therapy approaches in treating MS generally by following three strategies, i) prevention of specific symptoms, ii) halt or reverse disease progression and iii) heal CNS damage by promoting remyelination and axonal repair. (benthamscience.com)
Th17 cells have long been known to play a key role in mediating the development of autoimmune disease and progression of the neuroinflammation typical of several autoimmune disorders. (fapesp.br)

These relationships have been studied in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), type 1 diabetes (T1D), Grave's disease (GD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aplastic anemia (AA), and vitiligo. (frontiersin.org)
MSCs have been shown to improve experimental models of several autoimmune diseases including Type 1 Diabetes systemic lupus erythematosus rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) [1-5]. (bio-cavagnou.info)

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is under investigation as a promising therapy for treatment-refractory MS. Here we identify a reactive myeloid state in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) mice and MS patients that is surprisingly associated with neuroprotection and immune suppression. (stanford.edu)
Targeting hypoxia-inducible factors with 32-134D safely and effectively treats diabetic eye disease in mice. (harvard.edu)
We observed that double pathology was associated with a significantly earlier onset of disease, a slight increase in the neurological score, an increase in the number of infiltrating cells, and enhanced axonal degeneration compared with wild-type mice and the respective, single mutant controls. (mcw.edu)
Double-mutant PLPtg/PD-1(-/-) mice showed an increased production of interferon-gamma by CNS immune cells at the peak of disease. (mcw.edu)
Coimmunized mice had less severe disease than those immunized with just MOG35-55 giving further evidence that MOG61-85 produces a protective response. (uwm.edu)
When rMOG immunized B cell -/- mice were given serum from rMOG primed WT mice clinical disease could be observed. (uwm.edu)
When serum from MOG35-55 and MOG61-85 primed rabbit serum was used after heat inactivation, WT and B cell -/- mice showed more severe disease. (uwm.edu)
B cell -/- mice given the immune serum also had an earlier onset of disease. (uwm.edu)
When T cells were cultured again with purified antibody, from rMOG primed mice, proliferation decreased in all the wells with antibody added, but when injected into coimmunized mice similar disease was observed as seen in the mice given immune serum. (uwm.edu)
In the tests involving mice modified not to express the enzyme, development of the disease was reduced by over 50%," Alves Filho said.The researchers also analyzed the use of commercial drugs that inhibit PKM2. (fapesp.br)

Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans. (medicalxpress.com)
Acute activation of the sympathetic nervous system attenuates the innate immune response. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, we demonstrate that voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in epinephrine release and subsequent suppression of the innate immune response in humans in vivo. (nih.gov)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
courtesy of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (medscape.com)
Inclusion in the update does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. (cdc.gov)

Multiple sclerosis disease (MS) is a 38.5 chronic neurological autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system, and its incidence is increasing globally. (cabi.org)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes demyelination of neurons, neurodegeneration and progressive disability. (ubc.ca)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. (eurekalert.org)
For most season flu, groups at higher risk for serious complications related to infection include age 65+, children under 5, pregnant women, and those with certain chronic diseases or compromised immune systems. (performancechiropractic.com)

This interdisciplinary journal publishes papers relating the plasticity and response of the nervous system to accidental or experimental injuries and their interventions, transplantation, neurodegenerative disorders and experimental strategies to improve regeneration or functional recovery and rehabilitation. (iospress.com)
It is assumed that the onset and course of autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disorders (eg, multiple sclerosis) are influenced by factors that afflict immune regulation as well as CNS vulnerability. (mcw.edu)
Finally, we discuss the role of gut-brain interactions during development of nervous system and neurodegeneration, as well as potential approaches for treating CNS disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Prenatal and postnatal environment exposures may disturb lung growth and delay immune system maturation, resulting in an increased susceptibility to asthma and wheezing disorders in childhood. (bvsalud.org)

Growing evidence suggests that a major physiological function of the cannabinoid signaling system is to modulate neuroinflammation. (420magazine.com)
specifically, evidence showing that cannabinoids inhibit neuroinflammation and that immune cells express the entire machinery that constitutes a functional cannabinoid signaling system. (420magazine.com)
Other soluble fibers: pectin, resistant starch and inulin did not offer the same protection - providing evidence that the types of dietary fiber have differential effects on the immune system and neuroinflammation. (ubc.ca)

Evidence linking sunlight, vitamin D, and the risk of multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes is summarized to develop the thesis that vitamin D is the environmental factor that most strongly influences autoimmune disease development. (frontiersin.org)
The global burden has risen with the near tripling in the last half-century of multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 2 , 3 ), type 1 diabetes (T1D) ( 4 ), and other autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
New NIH research ﬁnds that an artiﬁcial pancreas system can control blood sugar in adults with type 1 diabetes better than conventional insulin pump therapy. (medlineplus.gov)

Experimental and clinical research papers adopting fresh conceptual approaches are encouraged. (iospress.com)
The overriding criteria for publication are novelty, significant experimental or clinical relevance and interest to a multidisciplinary audience. (iospress.com)
Beneficial effects of plant oils supplementation on multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive review of clinical and experimental studies. (cabi.org)
Follow-up integration of daSNV gene editing with clinical cohort analyses suggested that magnesium transport dysfunction may increase neuropsychiatric disease risk and indicated that common genetic pathomechanisms may mediate specific symptoms that are shared across multiple neuropsychiatric diseases. (stanford.edu)
This review discusses the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoid compounds at molecular, cellular and whole animal levels, first by examining the evidence for anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids obtained using in vivo animal models of clinical neuroinflammatory conditions, specifically rodent models of multiple sclerosis, and second by describing the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system components in immune cells. (420magazine.com)
Therefore, chemokine and chemokine receptor expression is tightly interrelated to composition of inflammatory cells in CNS lesions and the onset of clinical diseases and provide viable targets for therapeutic intervention. (imrpress.com)
Both of these conclusions have important clinical implications as related to the risk of prion disease contamination of blood products. (huji.ac.il)
The incidence of autoimmune diseases accounts for about 5-9% of the global population, and their treatment is still a thorny clinical problem that imposes a great burden on society and families [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This migration was correlated with disease severity, with higher engraftment occurring after administration at higher clinical scores. (uni-goettingen.de)
Antibiotic selection, route of administration, and duration of therapy for Lyme disease are guided by the patient's clinical manifestations and stage of disease, as well as the presence of any concomitant medical conditions or allergies. (medscape.com)
ABSTRACT We studied 48 patients with Behçet disease to determine the clinical spectrum of the disease. (who.int)
Recently, the association between Behçet nization after history taking and clinical ex- disease and hepatitis C virus (HCV) [ 4-6 ] amination. (who.int)

Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
Multiple sclerosis and T1D have distinct target organs, genetic risk factors, onset ages, and female to male ratios, but target organ-specific T cells as initiators unite these diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease mediated by infiltration of T cells into the central nervous system after compromise of the blood-brain barrier. (listlabs.com)
Autoimmune diseases are usually complex and multifactorial, characterized by aberrant production of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies against healthy cells and tissues. (frontiersin.org)
In each of these diseases, genes that play a role in the proliferation or activation of CD8+ T cells have been found to be affected by epigenetic modifications. (frontiersin.org)
Various cytokines, transcription factors, and other regulatory molecules have been found to be differentially methylated in CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Autoimmune diseases are complex diseases characterized by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens and sustained aberrant immunological response against healthy cells and tissues, leading ultimately to the overproduction of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
In autoimmune diseases, these target cells killed by autoreactive CD8+ T cells can release numerous autoantigens to induce the overproduction of autoantibodies, and finally lead to the death of self-cells. (frontiersin.org)
both CD4 and CD8 T cells have been implicated in a secondary autoimmune response ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Depletion of CD52-positive cells inhibits the development of central nervous system autoimmune disease, but deletes an immune-tolerance promoting CD8 T-cell population. (qmul.ac.uk)
Since joining the Shinohara lab in 2018, Estefany has been focusing on elucidating the role of central nervous system resident cells during cryptococcal meningitis. (duke.edu)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pleiotropic cells with potential therapeutic benefits for a wide range of diseases. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential therapeutic applications for a wide range of diseases as they offer many of the same benefits as embryonic stem cells without the logistical limitations. (bio-cavagnou.info)
auto-reactive T cells that are peripherally activated migrate to and invade the CNS become re-activated by resident antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and recruit additional peripheral pathogenic immune cells to contribute to the destruction of myelin and eventual neurodegeneration [2 6 MSCs were first shown to modulate CD4+ T cell-mediated MOG35-55 EAE by ameliorating the course of disease. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Mesenchymal stem cells modulate pathological responses in experimental autoimmune encephalitis, alleviating disease, but also stimulate repair of the central nervous system through the release of soluble factors. (drcalapai.com)
Autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells have been safely administered to individuals with hemato-oncological diseases and in a limited number of patients with multiple sclerosis. (drcalapai.com)
MS is a T cell mediated disease but there is mounting evidence for a role for B cells in MS. Previous studies have established that rMOG Induction depends on the presence of B cells, while induction using the MOG peptide covering amino acids 35-55 does not require B cells to cause disease. (uwm.edu)
The initial auto-reactive response that triggers the disease occurs when Th17 cells mistake antigens present in the central nervous system for a threat, releasing large amounts of a pro-inflammatory protein called interleukin 17 (IL-17) into spinal cord and brain tissue lesions. (fapesp.br)
In the study, which used cultured cells and the animal model, the CRID researchers found that differentiation of T lymphocytes into Th17 cells and development of the disease depended on metabolic reprogramming and alterations in glycolysis. (fapesp.br)
The researchers established the role of B cells by using an experimental in-vitro system that allowed blood samples to be analyzed. (eurekalert.org)
Moreover, the team also discovered that the activated T cells in the blood notably included those that also occur in the brain in MS patients during flare-ups of the disease. (eurekalert.org)

On autopsy, evidence of fulminant encephalitis with HHV-6 DNA demonstrated by PCR, immunohistochemical staining, or nucleic acid hybridization, confirms that HHV-6 causes acute CNS disease ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

Myelin is damaged with normal ageing and in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer disease. (nature.com)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease associated with inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). (stanford.edu)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by damage to the myelin sheaths that surround nerve axons. (vuw.ac.nz)
This thesis demonstrated that clozapine treatment protects from EAE by a multi-faceted immunological mechanism that likely involves modifying multiple pathways and cell types during EAE and may be of therapeutic benefit to MS patients in the progressive stages of disease. (vuw.ac.nz)
Multiple Sclerosis Journal is a peer-reviewed international journal that focuses on all aspects of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica and other related autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. (sagepub.com)
Others are ﬁnding ways to improve the quality of life for patients with serious diseases such as multiple sclerosis and diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
The role of HHV-6 in acute multifocal neurologic disease in immunocompetent adults requires additional observation, and its role in multiple sclerosis is in question. (cdc.gov)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS). (benthamscience.com)
as a novel combined immune gene therapy for Multiple Sclerosis disease. (benthamscience.com)
A systems biology approach uncovers cell-specific gene regulatory effects of genetic associations in multiple sclerosis. (benthamscience.com)
Cladribine: Off-label disease modification for people with multiple sclerosis in resource-poor settings? (qmul.ac.uk)
Background: A considerable number of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), where lack of resource adversely affects access to effective disease-modifying treatment. (qmul.ac.uk)
Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an auto-inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), affecting over 400,000 people in the US. (uwm.edu)
For poorly understood reasons, in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis and psoriasis, the immune response can spiral out of control and lead T lymphocytes to attack their own organism as if it were a pathogen. (fapesp.br)
The experimental model closely resembles the condition of patients with multiple sclerosis. (fapesp.br)

This review summarizes and integrates research on vitamin D and CD4 + T-lymphocyte biology to develop new mechanistic insights into the molecular etiology of autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
A deep understanding of molecular mechanisms relevant to gene-environment interactions is needed to deliver etiology-based autoimmune disease prevention and treatment strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, unanswered questions and potentially informative future research directions are highlighted to speed delivery of etiology-based strategies to reduce autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
A deep understanding of disease mechanisms will be needed to deliver etiology-based strategies to reverse this vexing trend. (frontiersin.org)
Indeed, "functional and mechanistic work on the molecular etiology of disease remains one of the major challenges in modern biology" ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener granulomatosis, is a rare multisystem autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. (medscape.com)

Krementsov D, Asarian L, Fang Q, McGill M, Teuscher C. Sex-specific gene-by-vitamin D interactions regulate susceptibility to central nervous system autoimmunity [published online July 17, 2018]. (ajmc.com)
Therefore the efficacy of MSCs observed in autoimmune CNS demyelination models do not necessarily generalise to the treatment of other forms of neurological autoimmunity. (ms-selfie.blog)

The problem is that some people will have adverse reactions to the inoculation, ranging from mild malaise and flu-like symptoms, to more serious complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome- an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks its own peripheral nervous system. (performancechiropractic.com)

However, absence of PD-1 clearly increased the propensity of T lymphocytes to expand, and the number of clonal expansions reliably reflected the severity of the EAE disease course. (mcw.edu)
Traditionally, the roles of B lymphocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases have already been widely studied and are well recognized. (frontiersin.org)
The lymphocytes express the enzyme, but it doesn't influence the development of the disease. (fapesp.br)

In this review, we discuss the biological interplay between gut-brain axis, and further explore how this communication may be dysregulated in neurological diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
In this section, we discuss the interplay between resident microbiota and key immunological signaling, and implications of their relationship in CNS development and neurological diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
An important question is whether this therapeutic effect generalises to other autoimmune neurological diseases. (ms-selfie.blog)

The disease has particular predilection to the optic nerves, spinal cord, brainstem, basal ganglia, and cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. (cdc.gov)
Delivery of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) to spinal cord lesions by lentivirally transduced Lin-BM showed no improvement in disease course. (uni-goettingen.de)

Expression-gene mapping, network analyses and chromatin looping nominated candidate disease-relevant target genes modulated by these daSNVs. (stanford.edu)

With the help of simple techniques like breathing exercises, meditation and repeated exposure to cold, you can activate the autonomic nervous system and inhibit the response of your immune system. (medicalxpress.com)
It was always thought that we could not voluntarily influence either the immune system or the autonomic nervous system. (medicalxpress.com)
In his own words he can realize these by influencing his autonomic nervous system . (medicalxpress.com)
However, both the autonomic nervous system and innate immune system are regarded as systems that cannot be voluntarily influenced. (nih.gov)
Herein, we evaluated the effects of a training program on the autonomic nervous system and innate immune response. (nih.gov)

However, although clozapine effectively delayed disease onset and reduced the severity of EAE, the therapeutic effect of clozapine was not associated with impaired capacity to induce antigen specific Th1 or Th17 responses in the periphery. (vuw.ac.nz)

These results highlight the potential variability of MSCs as a Desacetylnimbin biologic therapeutic tool in the treatment of autoimmune disease and the need for further investigation into the multifaceted functions of MSCs in diverse microenvironments and the mechanisms behind the diversity. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Therapeutic Targeting of the Complement System: From Rare Diseases to Pandemics. (cdc.gov)

It results from an autoimmune attack on the axon-myelin unit ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
In this Review, we discuss recent work that reveals the changes in white matter with ageing and neurodegenerative disease, how this relates to microglia dynamics during myelin damage and regeneration, and factors that influence the regenerative functions of microglia. (nature.com)
Proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant protein in the central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheath and is highly conserved among species. (mobitec.com)

In July 2019, the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of concurrent or sequential EIA testing for diagnosis of Lyme disease. (medscape.com)
Management of central nervous system demyelinating diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a practical approach. (cdc.gov)

In the United States, doctors are paid by Big Pharma to peddle experimental drugs made with chemicals in a laboratory that cause side effects that are worse than the conditions and symptoms being "managed. (bigpharmanews.com)
Only after Americans begin showing symptoms and signs of deep-rooted health detriment do doctors begin prescribing chemical-based, experimental drugs and recommend more vaccines, including mercury-laced flu shots. (bigpharmanews.com)
Signs and symptoms of Lyme disease vary by disease stage. (medscape.com)
Ashwagandha might cause the immune system to become more active, and this could increase the symptoms of auto-immune diseases. (medlineplus.gov)

The study demonstrates the neuroprotective potential of 5-LOX inhibition through down-regulation of NF-κB in a rat model of experimental stroke. (biomedcentral.com)
C1-inh is an anti-inflammatory plasma protein with serine protease inhibition activity that has a broad range of biological activities on the contact (kallikrein), coagulation, fibrinolytic and complement systems. (chaen-rcah.ca)

Although the protective effects of PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been widely established, the impact of PCSK9 on autoimmune diseases remains uncertain. (biomedcentral.com)

CCL2 is implicated in pathogeneses of several diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. (wikipedia.org)

Lyme disease, the most common vector-borne illness in the United States, is a multisystem illness usually caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi (see the image below) and the body's immune response to the infection. (medscape.com)
and major agents of viral hepatitis, we car- ried out a case-control study in Kerman, a Behçet disease, a multisystem vasculitis, is southern province in the Islamic Republic seen most frequently in Far Eastern and of Iran. (who.int)

For instance MSCs had been immunogenic inside a style of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and induced a cytotoxic memory space T cell response [16]. (bio-cavagnou.info)
Inside our research MSCs improved early IL-2 creation which advertised Tc1 responses however antagonized acquisition of the Tc17 system [18]. (bio-cavagnou.info)

Autoimmune diseases represent a failure of self-identification leading to an immune-mediated assault on host tissues. (frontiersin.org)

Excessive or persistent proinflammatory cytokine production plays a central role in autoimmune diseases. (nih.gov)
Noninvasive mechanical air flow within the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to persistent obstructive pulmonary disease. (dnahelix.com)
Although experimental studies detailing the environmental fate of perchlorates are limited, the current consensus indicates that they are persistent under most environmental conditions. (cdc.gov)

Neurological dysfunction in MS is attributed to focal demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). (frontiersin.org)

Accumulating evidence suggests that microbiota are involved in the physiology and pathology of cellular organisms, and hence has implications in both health and disease [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, there is no direct evidence to support the role PCSK9 plays in autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

Pearson correlation analysis showed that Th1/Th2 ratio was positively correlated with disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (DAPSA), Tfh/Tfr ratio was positively correlated with DAPSA score and visual analogue scale (VAS) score in PsA patients. (bvsalud.org)

In graduate school, I worked with a Ptpn6 spin mouse model for neutrophilic dermatosis, a rare autoinflammatory disease. (duke.edu)

More than 100 autoimmune syndromes exist ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

The study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (medlineplus.gov)
The study was funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Mental Health. (medlineplus.gov)
Her research interests are post-infectious inflammatory and autoimmune brain diseases. (duke.edu)
She maintains an active interest in infectious diseases, innate immunity, and neuroimmunology. (duke.edu)
Background: Prions, composed of a misfolded protein designated PrP Sc , are infectious agents causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases. (huji.ac.il)

Research on Park7 (DJ-1) has been focused on cancer and Parkinson's disease (PD). (antibodies-online.com)
Park7 (DJ-1) is considered a key biomarker in disease states, with high expression in cancer and loss-of-function mutations in Parkinson's disease. (antibodies-online.com)

The disease, which affects around 2.5 million people worldwide, is a common cause of disability in young adults and affects women particularly often. (eurekalert.org)

Although microglia have been increasingly implicated in contributing to the pathology that underpins neurological dysfunction and disease, they also have crucial roles in neurological homeostasis and regeneration. (nature.com)
Even the "holy grail" of medicine in the U.S.A., vaccines, contain toxins that cause neurological dysfunction, central nervous system damage , brain damage, and devastating auto-immune diseases. (bigpharmanews.com)

We drew mainly on MS and T1D research because intensive investigation has generated detailed insights into vitamin D mechanisms in these diseases and provided valuable guidance for research on other autoimmune diseases. (frontiersin.org)
A recent chapter ( 6 ) and a review ( 7 ) have summarized vitamin D mechanisms in autoimmune diseases more generally. (frontiersin.org)
This thesis aimed to describe the immunological mechanisms by which clozapine is able to reduce EAE disease and to determine the underlying cellular signalling alterations that occur during treatment to facilitate immune modifying properties. (vuw.ac.nz)
Mechanisms that are important for relaying signals from the virome to the immune system are not well understood. (ubc.ca)
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a disease that transformed from psoriasis (PsO), and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy1

Diseases2

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

The protective effect of IFN-gamma in experimental autoimmune diseases: a central role of mycobacterial adjuvant-induced myelopoiesis. (1/23)

Identification of Th2-type suppressor T cells among in vivo expanded ocular T cells in mice with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. (2/23)

Intravenous immunoglobulin prevents experimental autoimmune myositis in SJL mice by reducing anti-myosin antibody and by blocking complement deposition. (3/23)

Alpha4-integrin-VCAM-1 binding mediates G protein-independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels. (4/23)

Development of spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy in B7-2-deficient NOD mice. (5/23)

Adult gonadal hormones selectively regulate sexually dimorphic quantitative traits observed in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (6/23)

Anti-disialoside antibodies kill perisynaptic Schwann cells and damage motor nerve terminals via membrane attack complex in a murine model of neuropathy. (7/23)

Blockade of the C5a receptor fails to protect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. (8/23)

Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental

Autoimmune Diseases

Central Nervous System

Encyclopedias as Topic

Chemokine CCL2

Chemokines, CC

Airports

Chemokine CCL5

Chemokine CCL21

Receptors, Chemokine

Hypoglossal Nerve

Hypoglossal Nerve Diseases

Hypoglossal Nerve Injuries

Suture Techniques

Nerve Regeneration

Neurology

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

The protective effect of IFN-gamma in experimental autoimmune diseases: a central role of mycobacterial adjuvant-induced myelopoiesis. (1/23)

Identification of Th2-type suppressor T cells among in vivo expanded ocular T cells in mice with experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. (2/23)

Intravenous immunoglobulin prevents experimental autoimmune myositis in SJL mice by reducing anti-myosin antibody and by blocking complement deposition. (3/23)

Alpha4-integrin-VCAM-1 binding mediates G protein-independent capture of encephalitogenic T cell blasts to CNS white matter microvessels. (4/23)

Development of spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy in B7-2-deficient NOD mice. (5/23)

Adult gonadal hormones selectively regulate sexually dimorphic quantitative traits observed in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (6/23)

Anti-disialoside antibodies kill perisynaptic Schwann cells and damage motor nerve terminals via membrane attack complex in a murine model of neuropathy. (7/23)

Blockade of the C5a receptor fails to protect against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats. (8/23)

CCL2

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Sarkis Mazmanian

List of MeSH codes (C20)

List of MeSH codes (E05)

IL17A

Clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2

Burkhard Becher

Protective autoimmunity

Blisibimod

Pattern recognition receptor

Model organism

Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Angela Vincent

Adrenergic receptor autoantibodies

Remyelination

Melanie Greter

Reticulon 4

Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome

Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor

Vitamin D and neurology

Kevin J. Tracey

Antiganglioside antibodies

Autoimmune disease

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

Encephalomyelitis

CXCR3

Myelitis

Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental | Profiles RNS

Frontiers | Vitamin D Actions on CD4+ T Cells in Autoimmune Disease

CCL2 - Wikipedia

Viruses | Free Full-Text | Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the...

Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience - Volume 29, issue 4 - Journals - IOS Press

Search Results

PARK7/DJ1 ELISA Kits

Microglia regulation of central nervous system myelin health and regeneration | Nature Reviews Immunology

IJMS | Free Full-Text | A Novel Zinc Chelator, 1H10, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Modulating Zinc...

Vitamin D3 Status and MS Susceptibility is Genotype Dependent, Study Finds

Yongjin Yoo's Profile | Stanford Profiles

Investigating the mechanism by which the atypical antipsychotic clozapine reduces disease in experimental autoimmune...

Modulating your own immune response

Tuftsin promotes an anti-inflammatory switch and attenuates symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis - List Labs

Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms

DeCS 2005 - Changed terms