A circumscribed stable malformation of the skin and occasionally of the oral mucosa, which is not due to external causes and therefore presumed to be of hereditary origin.
A macular lesion on the side of the FACE, involving the CONJUNCTIVA and EYELIDS, as well as the adjacent facial skin, SCLERA; OCULOMOTOR MUSCLES; and PERIOSTEUM. Histological features vary from those of a MONGOLIAN SPOT to those of a BLUE NEVUS.
A syndrome characterized by lesions occurring on the face, scalp, or neck which consist of congenital hypoplastic malformations of cutaneous structures and which over time undergo verrucous hyperplasia. Additionally it is associated with neurological symptoms and skeletal, ophthalmological, urogenital, and cardiovascular abnormalities.
Clinically atypical nevi (usually exceeding 5 mm in diameter and having variable pigmentation and ill defined borders) with an increased risk for development of non-familial cutaneous malignant melanoma. Biopsies show melanocytic dysplasia. Nevi are clinically and histologically identical to the precursor lesions for melanoma in the B-K mole syndrome. (Stedman, 25th ed)
A nevus in which nests of melanocytes are found in the dermis, but not at the epidermal-dermal junction. Benign pigmented nevi in adults are most commonly intradermal. (Stedman, 25th ed)
A benign compound nevus occurring most often in children before puberty, composed of spindle and epithelioid cells located mainly in the dermis, sometimes in association with large atypical cells and multinucleate cells, and having a close histopathological resemblance to malignant melanoma. The tumor presents as a smooth to slightly scaly, round to oval, raised, firm papule or nodule, ranging in color from pink-tan to purplish red, often with surface telangiectasia. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.
A benign skin lesion characterized by a zone of depigmentation surrounding the nevus.
Hereditary disorder consisting of multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and multiple skeletal defects, e.g., frontal and temporoparietal bossing, bifurcated and splayed ribs, kyphoscoliosis, fusion of vertebrae, and cervicothoracic spina bifida. Genetic transmission is autosomal dominant.
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)
Facial neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the facial region, which can be benign or malignant, originating from various cell types including epithelial, glandular, connective tissue, and neural crest cells.
The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).
A noninvasive technique that enables direct microscopic examination of the surface and architecture of the SKIN.
Tumors of the iris characterized by increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Iris nevi are composed of proliferated melanocytes and are associated with neurofibromatosis and malignant melanoma of the choroid and ciliary body. Malignant melanoma of the iris often originates from preexisting nevi.
A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.
Color of hair or fur.
Small circumscribed melanoses resembling, but differing histologically from, freckles. The concept includes senile lentigo ('liver spots') and nevoid lentigo (nevus spilus, lentigo simplex) and may also occur in association with multiple congenital defects or congenital syndromes (e.g., Peutz-Jeghers syndrome).
Tumors of the choroid; most common intraocular tumors are malignant melanomas of the choroid. These usually occur after puberty and increase in incidence with advancing age. Most malignant melanomas of the uveal tract develop from benign melanomas (nevi).
Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.
Irradiation directly from the sun.
A heritable disorder of faulty keratinization characterized by the proliferation of abnormal clones of KERATINOCYTES and lesions showing varying atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated, keratotic border. These keratotic lesions can progress to overt cutaneous neoplasm. Several clinical variants are recognized, including porokeratosis of Mibelli, linear porokeratosis, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, palmoplantar porokeratosis, and punctate porokeratosis.
Coloration of the skin.
An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.
Tumors or cancer of the CONJUNCTIVA.
Simple sweat glands that secrete sweat directly onto the SKIN.
A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)
Pigmentation disorders are conditions that affect the production or distribution of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin, hair, and eye color, leading to changes in the color of these bodily features.
Neoplasms composed of sebaceous or sweat gland tissue or tissue of other skin appendages. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the sebaceous or sweat glands or in the other skin appendages.
Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.
A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects.
Color of the iris.
General disorders of the sclera or white of the eye. They may include anatomic, embryologic, degenerative, or pigmentation defects.
A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1471)
Hamartoneoplastic malformation syndrome of uncertain etiology characterized by partial GIGANTISM of the hands and/or feet, asymmetry of the limbs, plantar hyperplasia, hemangiomas (HEMANGIOMA), lipomas (LIPOMA), lymphangiomas (LYMPHANGIOMA), epidermal NEVI; MACROCEPHALY; cranial HYPEROSTOSIS, and long-bone overgrowth. Joseph Merrick, the so-called "elephant man", apparently suffered from Proteus syndrome and not NEUROFIBROMATOSIS, a disorder with similar characteristics.
A characteristic symptom complex.
A benign, non-neoplastic, usually self-limiting epithelial lesion closely resembling squamous cell carcinoma clinically and histopathologically. It occurs in solitary, multiple, and eruptive forms. The solitary and multiple forms occur on sunlight exposed areas and are identical histologically; they affect primarily white males. The eruptive form usually involves both sexes and appears as a generalized papular eruption.
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.
A form of pigmented nevus showing intense melanocytic activity around the dermo-epidermal junction. Large numbers of spindle-shaped melanocytes proliferate downward toward the dermis and usually a large amount of pigment is present. It was first described in 1976 and the bulk of patients reported have been young females with the lesions presenting on the thighs. (From Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, 1992, p185)
Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.
A cellular subtype of malignant melanoma. It is a pigmented lesion composed of melanocytes occurring on sun-exposed skin, usually the face and neck. The melanocytes are commonly multinucleated with a "starburst" appearance. It is considered by many to be the in situ phase of lentigo maligna melanoma.
Tumors or cancer of the EYE.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Colorado" is a place, specifically a state in the United States, and does not have a medical definition. If you have any questions about medical conditions or terminology, I would be happy to help with those!
A bluish-gray to gray-brown benign, melanocytic nevus found usually in the LUMBOSACRAL REGION of dark-skinned people, especially those of East Asian ancestry. It is usually congenital or appears shortly after birth, and disappears in childhood.
An autosomal dominant disorder that is manifested by thickened spongiform ORAL MUCOSA with a white opalescent tint. Other MUCOSAL TISSUE may also be involved mucosa found in the VAGINA; RECTUM, and NASAL CAVITY may be similarly involved. This form of LEUKOKERATOSIS can be caused by a mutation in the gene for KERATIN 4 and is not considered a PRENEOPLASTIC CONDITION.
The mechanical planing of the SKIN with sand paper, emery paper, or wire brushes, to promote reepithelialization and smoothing of skin disfigured by ACNE scars or dermal NEVI.
Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).
An autosomal dominant inherited disorder (with a high frequency of spontaneous mutations) that features developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin, most notably in tissue derived from the embryonic NEURAL CREST. Multiple hyperpigmented skin lesions and subcutaneous tumors are the hallmark of this disease. Peripheral and central nervous system neoplasms occur frequently, especially OPTIC NERVE GLIOMA and NEUROFIBROSARCOMA. NF1 is caused by mutations which inactivate the NF1 gene (GENES, NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 1) on chromosome 17q. The incidence of learning disabilities is also elevated in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1014-18) There is overlap of clinical features with NOONAN SYNDROME in a syndrome called neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome. Both the PTPN11 and NF1 gene products are involved in the SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION pathway of Ras (RAS PROTEINS).
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

Down-regulation of HLA class I antigen-processing molecules in malignant melanoma: association with disease progression. (1/358)

Expression of the proteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7, the MHC-encoded transporter subunits TAP1 and TAP2, and HLA Class I antigens was examined by immunoperoxidase staining in 10 nevi and 98 melanoma lesions (60 primary and 38 metastatic), because these molecules play an important role in the presentation of melanoma-associated peptide antigens to cytotoxic T cells. LMP2 was less frequently expressed than LMP7 in primary and metastatic melanoma lesions. TAP1, TAP2, and HLA Class I antigen expression was more frequently (P < 0.05) down-regulated in metastatic than in primary melanoma lesions and in nevi. A synchronous TAP1, TAP2, and HLA Class I antigen down-regulation was observed in 58% of primary and 52% of metastatic lesions. TAP and HLA Class I antigen down-regulation in primary lesions was significantly associated with lesion thickness, stage of disease, reduced time to disease progression, and reduced survival. These results suggest that TAP down-regulation plays a role in the clinical course of malignant melanoma, probably by providing melanoma cells with a mechanism to escape from cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition during disease progression.  (+info)

Effects of photographs and written descriptors on melanoma detection. (2/358)

Two studies are reported on the effects of photographic and written information on performance in an experimental melanoma detection task. Subjects were shown slides of four types of skin lesions, including melanoma, and were asked what they would do if the lesion was on their skin. Four response options were provided from seeing a doctor immediately to doing nothing. In Experiment 1, no clear differences in performance were found as a function of prior instruction using four, eight or 16 photographs of each of the four lesion types. In Experiment 2, the effects of written and photographic instructional material were compared. The written material contained descriptions of each lesion type and details of the ABCD criteria for melanoma detection. Eight photographs were provided for each lesion type. Photographic information resulted in superior performance (P < 0.001) for seborrhoeic keratoses and a combination of both types of information was superior (P < 0.05) for melanoma. The two kinds of instructional material produced different effects, suggesting that a brochure offering a combination of photographs and written information is likely to be most useful in helping members of the public identify early melanoma as suspicious.  (+info)

Hypoxia-induced up-regulation of angiogenin in human malignant melanoma. (3/358)

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression and metastasis, however, the angiogenesis regulators that are biologically relevant for human melanoma are still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the potent angiogenic factor angiogenin (ANG) in human melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Four different human melanoma cell lines and two normal melanocytes were kept either under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. After 24 h of hypoxic culture conditions, ANG was up-regulated in the melanoma cell lines but not in normal melanocytes. Induction levels correlated with the metastatic potential of the cell lines. These data were confirmed by Northern blot analysis. In contrast, induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by hypoxia was equally strong in the examined highly aggressive melanoma cell lines and in one nonaggressive cell line. Other angiogenic factors tested as well as the melanoma growth stimulatory activity (Gro-alpha) showed no up-regulation. Thus, in the present study, hypoxia-induced up-regulation in melanoma cells was only observed for ANG and vascular endothelial growth factor. Immunohistochemical studies showed that 8 of 10 melanomas and all 15 metastases were positive for ANG, particularly in the vicinity of small vessels, whereas all benign nevi were negative. Reverse transcription-PCR detected only weak ANG mRNA in nevi but strong signals in primary melanomas and metastases. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time enhanced expression of ANG in highly metastatic cell lines as well as in melanomas and metastases in vivo, suggesting that ANG expression is associated with the metastatic potential.  (+info)

The sebaceous nevus: a nevus with deletions of the PTCH gene. (4/358)

Sebaceous nevi (SN) are congenital malformations of the skin with the potential to develop into basal cell carcinoma (BCC). To date, the molecular basis for their carcinogenic potential remains unknown. The genetic defect in BCC is known and involves the human homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH) on chromosome 9q22.3. The objective of this study was to test whether allelic deletion of the PTCH gene could already be detected in SN. Twenty-one paraffin-embedded SN were investigated in this study. Basaloid cells in conjunction with mature sebaceous glands as well as epidermal layer apart from SN were microdissected and subjected to single-step DNA extraction. We performed the analysis with polymorphic markers at 9q22.3 (D9S15, D9S252, D9S287, and D9S303). Of the 20 informative SN, 8 (40%) exhibited loss of heterozygosity at least at one locus. Here, we provide the first evidence of the involvement of the tumor suppressor gene PTCH in SN. Whether PTCH deletion in SN is associated with progression to BCC and/or other appendageal tumors should be addressed in future studies.  (+info)

Evaluation of an intervention to reduce sun exposure in children: design and baseline results. (5/358)

The Kidskin Study is a 5-year intervention study (1995-1999) involving 1,776 5- and 6-year-old children attending 33 primary schools in Perth, Western Australia. The aim of the study is to design, implement, and evaluate an intervention to reduce sun exposure in young children. There are three study groups: a control group, a "moderate intervention" group, and a "high intervention" group. The control schools receive the standard Western Australian health education curriculum, while the moderate and high intervention schools receive a specially designed curricular intervention. In addition, children in the high intervention group receive program materials over the summer holidays, when exposure is likely to be highest, and are offered sun-protective swimwear at low cost. The main outcome measure is the number of nevi on the back. Other outcomes include nevi on the chest (boys only), face, and arms, levels of suntanning, degree of freckling, and sun-related behaviors. At baseline, the three groups were similar with respect to nevi and freckling after adjustment for observer and month of observation. Sun exposure was slightly higher in the high intervention group. The groups were also similar with respect to most potential confounders, although they differed with respect to Southern European ethnicity and parental education.  (+info)

FGF expression allows nevus cells to survive in three-dimensional collagen gel under conditions that induce apoptosis in normal human melanocytes. (6/358)

Melanocytes, the pigment forming cells of the skin, form an almost nonproliferating cell population located to the lowermost part of the epidermis. Normally melanocytes are not found higher in the epidermis or in the dermis. Nevi consist of melanocytes with altered growth characteristics and localization. The common pigmented nevus, a benign skin lesion, develops when melanocytes proliferate in the dermo-epidermal junction or in the dermis. Here we report growth characteristics of in vitro cultured normal human melanocytes and dermal nevus-derived melanocytes. As previously reported, nevus cells have a moderate to high FGF-2 expression level. Here we demonstrate that dermal nevus cells are able to survive in three-dimensional type 1 collagen culture, while normal human melanocytes rapidly undergo apoptosis. Melanocytes also, however, survive in collagen cultures in the presence of exogenous FGF-2. The survival of nevus cells in collagen is suppressed by protamine, an inhibitor of FGF-mediated cell stimulation. The in vivo growth environment of dermal nevus cells consists largely of type I and type III collagens. The results suggest that FGF-2 expression by nevus cells allows them to adapt to grow in the dermis. FGF-2 obviously has importance as a melanocyte survival factor and probably also in the development of malignant melanoma.  (+info)

Microphthalmia transcription factor. A sensitive and specific melanocyte marker for MelanomaDiagnosis. (7/358)

Malignant melanomas do not uniformly retain expression of melanocytic gene products-an observation associated with diagnostic dilemmas. Microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) is a melanocytic nuclear protein critical for the embryonic development and postnatal viability of melanocytes. It serves as a master regulator in modulating extracellular signals, such as those triggered by alpha-MSH and c-Kit ligand. Because of its central role in melanocyte survival and to assess its potential use as a histopathological marker for melanoma, Mitf expression was examined in histologically confirmed human melanoma specimens. Western blot analysis of melanoma cell lines revealed consistent expression of two Mitf protein isoforms differing by MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation. In a series of 76 consecutive human melanoma surgical specimens, 100% stained positively for Mitf with a nuclear pattern of reactivity. In a side-by-side comparison, Mitf staining was positive in melanomas that failed to stain for either HMB-45 or S-100, the most common currently used melanoma markers. Of 60 non-melanoma tumors, none displayed nuclear Mitf staining and two displayed cytoplasmic staining. Although Mitf does not distinguish benign from malignant melanocytic lesions, for invasive neoplasms it appears to be a highly sensitive and specific histopathological melanocyte marker for melanoma.  (+info)

TIA-1 positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in nevi and melanomas. (8/358)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been shown to be an independent prognostic factor in melanomas. To better characterize the host immune response, we have classified TIL by their immunoreactivity against lymphoid markers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and TIA-1 (a granule-associated protein of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells) were used to immunostain a series of benign nevi, nontumorigenic radial growth phase, and tumorigenic vertical growth phase melanomas and metastases. Among nine nevi, few LCA+ TIL were found, among which rare cells were positive for TIA-1 (mean, 2.0). Five nontumorigenic radial growth phase melanomas also had few total TIL and rare TIA-1+ TIL (mean, 3.4); the nontumorigenic radial growth phase component of seven tumorigenic vertical growth phase melanomas had higher numbers of TIA-1+ TIL (mean, 11). Twelve cases of tumorigenic vertical growth phase melanoma showed a variable but significantly greater number of both LCA+ TIL and TIA-1+ TIL (mean, 30.6). Nine cases of metastatic melanoma had a wide range of variation in LCA as well as in TIA-1+ TIL (mean, 46). Although the mean total number of TIA-1+ TIL increased from nontumorigenic radial growth phase to tumorigenic vertical growth phase to metastases, TIA-1+ as a percentage of TIL declined across these categories of tumor progression (42%, 31%, and 26%, respectively). Our results show that these attributes of TIA-1+ TIL, both increasing total number but decreasing percentage, appear to be a marker of tumor progression of malignant melanomas. In addition, there was significant variability in the number of TIA-1+ TIL among advanced melanomas, raising the possibility that an assessment of TIA-1+ TIL may prove a useful prognostic tool for the evaluation of primary melanomas.  (+info)

A nevus, also known as a mole, is a benign growth or mark on the skin that is usually brown or black. It can be raised or flat and can appear anywhere on the body. Nevi are made up of cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin. Most nevi develop in childhood or adolescence, but they can also appear later in life. Some people have many nevi, while others have few or none.

There are several types of nevi, including:

* Common nevi: These are the most common type of mole and are usually small, round, and brown or black. They can be flat or raised and can appear anywhere on the body.
* Atypical nevi: These moles are larger than common nevi and have irregular borders and color. They may be flat or raised and can appear anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the trunk and extremities. Atypical nevi are more likely to develop into melanoma, a type of skin cancer, than common nevi.
* Congenital nevi: These moles are present at birth and can vary in size from small to large. They are more likely to develop into melanoma than moles that develop later in life.
* Spitz nevi: These are rare, benign growths that typically appear in children and adolescents. They are usually pink or red and dome-shaped.

It is important to monitor nevi for changes in size, shape, color, and texture, as these can be signs of melanoma. If you notice any changes in a mole, or if you have a new mole that is unusual or bleeding, it is important to see a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

A Nevus of Ota, also known as an oculodermal melanocytosis, is a benign birthmark characterized by the presence of darkly pigmented (melanin-containing) cells called melanocytes in the skin and mucous membranes around the eye. These pigmented cells can also extend to the sclera (the white part of the eye), dura mater (the outer covering of the brain), and leptomeninges (the middle layer of the meninges, which cover the brain and spinal cord).

The Nevus of Ota typically presents as a unilateral (occurring on one side) bluish-gray or brown patch that follows the distribution of the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve. It usually affects the eye, forehead, temple, and cheek, but it can also involve other areas of the face, scalp, and neck.

While Nevi of Ota are generally harmless, they may be associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma (a type of skin cancer) in the affected area. Therefore, regular monitoring and evaluation by a healthcare professional is recommended.

A nevus sebaceous of Jadassohn is a type of congenital benign skin tumor or birthmark that is composed of epidermal, hair follicle, and sebaceous gland components. It typically appears as a yellowish, greasy, or warty plaque on the scalp or face during infancy or early childhood. The lesion tends to enlarge slowly and may undergo various changes in appearance over time.

In adolescence or adulthood, there is a risk of secondary tumor development within the nevus sebaceous, such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or sebaceous carcinoma. Therefore, regular monitoring and possible surgical removal of the lesion may be recommended, especially in cases where the nevus is large, symptomatic, or shows signs of malignant transformation.

Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome, also known as atypical mole syndrome, is a condition characterized by the presence of numerous dysplastic nevi (abnormal moles) that may appear irregular in shape, color, and size. These moles are typically larger than normal moles (greater than 5 mm in diameter) and have an asymmetrical shape, uneven borders, and varied colors.

Individuals with Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome have a higher risk of developing melanoma, a type of skin cancer that can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. The syndrome is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene from an affected parent.

It's important to note that having dysplastic nevi does not necessarily mean that a person will develop melanoma, but it does increase their risk. Regular skin examinations by a dermatologist and self-examinations are recommended for early detection of any changes in moles or the development of new suspicious lesions.

An intradermal nevus, also known as an intradermal naevus or compound nevus, is a type of benign pigmented skin lesion that originates from melanocytes, which are the pigment-producing cells in the skin. It develops when melanocytes grow and multiply in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin.

Intradermal nevi are typically small, round or oval, raised bumps that range in color from flesh-colored to brown or black. They can appear anywhere on the body, but they are most commonly found on the trunk and extremities. These nevi usually develop during childhood or adolescence and may continue to grow slowly over time.

Intradermal nevi are generally harmless and do not require treatment unless they become symptomatic (e.g., itchy, painful, or bleed) or change in appearance, which could indicate a potential malignant transformation into melanoma. In such cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of action.

It is essential to monitor any changes in existing nevi and consult a healthcare professional if there are concerns about new or changing lesions. Regular skin examinations can help detect early signs of skin cancer and improve treatment outcomes.

A nevus is a general term for a benign growth or mole on the skin. There are many different types of nevi, including epithelioid and spindle cell nevi.

Epithelioid cell: A type of cell that is typically found in certain types of nevi, as well as in some malignant tumors such as melanoma. Epithelioid cells are large, round cells with a pale, clear cytoplasm and centrally located nuclei.

Spindle cell: A type of cell that is often found in certain types of nevi, including Spitz nevi and deep penetrating nevi. Spindle cells are elongated, thin cells with cigar-shaped nuclei. They can also be found in some malignant tumors such as melanoma.

Epithelioid and spindle cell nevus: A type of nevus that contains both epithelioid and spindle cells. These nevi are typically benign, but they can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from melanoma, especially if they have atypical features. Therefore, it is important for these types of nevi to be evaluated by a dermatopathologist or a specialist in skin pathology.

Skin neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the skin that can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They result from uncontrolled multiplication of skin cells, which can form various types of lesions. These growths may appear as lumps, bumps, sores, patches, or discolored areas on the skin.

Benign skin neoplasms include conditions such as moles, warts, and seborrheic keratoses, while malignant skin neoplasms are primarily classified into melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. These three types of cancerous skin growths are collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer, while NMSCs tend to be less invasive but more common.

It's essential to monitor any changes in existing skin lesions or the appearance of new growths and consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment if needed.

A "Halo Nevus" (also known as Sutton nevus or leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum) is a type of melanocytic nevus (mole) that is surrounded by a depigmented halo, typically measured to be 0.5-1 cm wide. The central nevus can be either a common acquired melanocytic nevus or a Spitz nevus.

The depigmentation occurs due to the destruction of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) in the skin surrounding the nevus, which is thought to be an immune-mediated response. The halo nevus is considered a benign condition and usually appears in children and young adults. While most halo nevi are harmless, it's essential to monitor them for any changes that may indicate melanoma or other skin cancers. If you notice any changes in the size, shape, color, or border of a halo nevus, consult with a dermatologist or healthcare professional.

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (BCNS), also known as Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by the development of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), which are skin cancer tumors that arise from the basal cells in the outermost layer of the skin.

The syndrome is caused by mutations in the PTCH1 gene, which regulates the hedgehog signaling pathway involved in embryonic development and tissue growth regulation. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from an affected parent.

Individuals with BCNS typically develop hundreds to thousands of BCCs over their lifetime, often beginning in childhood or adolescence. They may also have other benign and malignant tumors, such as medulloblastomas (brain tumors), fibromas, and rhabdomyosarcomas.

Additional features of BCNS can include:

1. Facial abnormalities, such as a broad nasal bridge, widely spaced eyes, and pits or depressions on the palms and soles.
2. Skeletal abnormalities, such as spine deformities, rib anomalies, and jaw cysts.
3. Developmental delays and intellectual disabilities in some cases.
4. Increased risk of other cancers, including breast, ovarian, and lung cancer.

Early detection and management of BCCs and other tumors are crucial for individuals with BCNS to prevent complications and improve their quality of life. Regular dermatological examinations, sun protection measures, and surgical removal of tumors are common treatment approaches.

Melanoma is defined as a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. It typically occurs in the skin but can rarely occur in other parts of the body, including the eyes and internal organs. Melanoma is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and multiplication of melanocytes, which can form malignant tumors that invade and destroy surrounding tissue.

Melanoma is often caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds, but it can also occur in areas of the body not exposed to the sun. It is more likely to develop in people with fair skin, light hair, and blue or green eyes, but it can affect anyone, regardless of their skin type.

Melanoma can be treated effectively if detected early, but if left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening. Treatment options for melanoma include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Regular skin examinations and self-checks are recommended to detect any changes or abnormalities in moles or other pigmented lesions that may indicate melanoma.

Facial neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the tissues of the face. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Facial neoplasms can occur in any of the facial structures, including the skin, muscles, bones, nerves, and glands.

Benign facial neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. Examples include papillomas, hemangiomas, and neurofibromas. While these tumors are usually harmless, they can cause cosmetic concerns or interfere with normal facial function.

Malignant facial neoplasms, on the other hand, can be aggressive and invasive. They can spread to other parts of the face, as well as to distant sites in the body. Common types of malignant facial neoplasms include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.

Treatment for facial neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you notice any unusual growths or changes in the skin or tissues of your face.

The scalp is the anatomical region located at the upper part of the human head, covering the skull except for the face and the ears. It is made up of several layers: the skin, the connective tissue, the galea aponeurotica (a strong, flat, tendinous sheet), loose areolar tissue, and the periosteum (the highly vascularized innermost layer that attaches directly to the skull bones). The scalp has a rich blood supply and is home to numerous sensory receptors, including those for touch, pain, and temperature. It also contains hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.

Dermoscopy, also known as dermatoscopy or epiluminescence microscopy, is a non-invasive diagnostic technique used in dermatology to evaluate skin lesions, such as moles and pigmented skin tumors. This method involves the use of a handheld device called a dermoscope, which consists of a magnifying lens, a light source, and a transparent plate or immersion fluid that allows for better visualization of the skin's surface structures.

Dermoscopy enables dermatologists to examine the pigmented patterns, vascular structures, and other morphological features hidden beneath the skin's surface that are not visible to the naked eye. By observing these details, dermatologists can improve their ability to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, leading to more accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment decisions.

The primary uses of dermoscopy include:

1. Early detection and diagnosis of melanoma and other skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
2. Monitoring the evolution of suspicious moles or lesions over time.
3. Assisting in the identification of various benign skin growths, like seborrheic keratoses, dermatofibromas, and nevi (moles).
4. Improving the diagnostic accuracy for infectious skin conditions, inflammatory processes, and other dermatological disorders.

Overall, dermoscopy is a valuable tool in the field of dermatology that enhances the clinician's ability to diagnose and manage various skin conditions accurately and effectively.

Iris neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the iris, which is the colored part of the eye. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign iris neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant iris neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow quickly and may spread to other parts of the eye or nearby structures, such as the ciliary body or choroid.

Iris neoplasms can cause various symptoms, including changes in the appearance of the eye, such as a visible mass or discoloration, pain, redness, light sensitivity, blurred vision, or changes in the size or shape of the pupil. The diagnosis of iris neoplasms typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including a visual acuity test, refraction, slit-lamp examination, and sometimes imaging tests such as ultrasound or optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Treatment options for iris neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and severity of the tumor. Small, benign iris neoplasms may not require treatment and can be monitored over time. Larger or malignant iris neoplasms may require surgical removal, radiation therapy, or other treatments to prevent complications or spread to other parts of the eye or body. It is essential to seek medical attention promptly if you experience any symptoms of iris neoplasms or notice any changes in your vision or the appearance of your eyes.

A hamartoma is a benign tumor-like growth that is composed of an unusual mixture of cells and tissues that are normally found in the affected area. These growths can occur anywhere in the body, but they are most commonly found in the skin, lungs, and brain. Hamartomas are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). They are usually harmless, but in some cases, they may cause symptoms or complications depending on their size and location. In general, hamartomas do not require treatment unless they are causing problems.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "hair color" is not a term that has a medical definition in the same way that a term like "myocardial infarction" (heart attack) does. Hair color can be described in various ways, such as being a natural hair color (like blonde, brunette, red, or black) or describing a change in hair color due to factors like aging (gray or white hairs) or hair dye usage.

However, it's worth noting that changes in hair color can sometimes be associated with certain medical conditions. For example, premature graying of the hair before the age of 30 can be a feature of certain genetic disorders or vitamin B12 deficiency. Similarly, some skin conditions like alopecia areata or vitiligo can cause patchy changes in hair color. But these associations don't provide a medical definition for 'hair color'.

A lentigo is a small, sharply defined, pigmented macule (flat spot) on the skin. It's usually tan, brown, or black and can appear on various parts of the body, particularly where the skin has been exposed to the sun. Lentigos are typically harmless and don't require treatment unless they're uncomfortable or for cosmetic reasons. However, some types of lentigines, such as lentigo maligna, can progress into melanoma, a type of skin cancer, so regular self-examinations and professional skin checks are important.

It is essential to differentiate between simple lentigos and lentigo maligna, which is a precancerous lesion. Lentigo maligna tends to occur in older individuals, often on the face, and can appear as a large, irregularly shaped, and darkly pigmented patch. A dermatologist should evaluate any suspicious or changing skin spots for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Choroid neoplasms are abnormal growths that develop in the choroid, a layer of blood vessels that lies between the retina and the sclera (the white of the eye). These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign choroid neoplasms include choroidal hemangiomas and choroidal osteomas. Malignant choroid neoplasms are typically choroidal melanomas, which are the most common primary eye tumors in adults. Other types of malignant choroid neoplasms include metastatic tumors that have spread to the eye from other parts of the body. Symptoms of choroid neoplasms can vary depending on the size and location of the growth, but may include blurred vision, floaters, or a dark spot in the visual field. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health and personal preferences.

Hyperpigmentation is a medical term that refers to the darkening of skin areas due to an increase in melanin, the pigment that provides color to our skin. This condition can affect people of all races and ethnicities, but it's more noticeable in those with lighter skin tones.

Hyperpigmentation can be caused by various factors, including excessive sun exposure, hormonal changes (such as during pregnancy), inflammation, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions like Addison's disease or hemochromatosis. It can also result from skin injuries, such as cuts, burns, or acne, which leave dark spots known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

There are several types of hyperpigmentation, including:

1. Melasma: This is a common form of hyperpigmentation that typically appears as symmetrical, blotchy patches on the face, particularly the forehead, cheeks, and upper lip. It's often triggered by hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy or while taking birth control pills.
2. Solar lentigos (age spots or liver spots): These are small, darkened areas of skin that appear due to prolonged sun exposure over time. They typically occur on the face, hands, arms, and decolletage.
3. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation: This type of hyperpigmentation occurs when an injury or inflammation heals, leaving behind a darkened area of skin. It's more common in people with darker skin tones.

Treatment for hyperpigmentation depends on the underlying cause and may include topical creams, chemical peels, laser therapy, or microdermabrasion. Preventing further sun damage is crucial to managing hyperpigmentation, so wearing sunscreen with a high SPF and protective clothing is recommended.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "sunlight" is not a term with a specific medical definition. However, sunlight does have various implications in the field of medicine. It is the light that comes from the sun, which is a star at the center of our solar system. Sunlight is essential for the production of vitamin D in humans, and it can also have effects on mood and sleep patterns due to its influence on circadian rhythms.

In a medical context, sunlight is often discussed in relation to its potential health benefits and risks. For instance, moderate sun exposure can help increase vitamin D levels, which are important for bone health, immune function, and other bodily processes. However, excessive sun exposure can lead to harmful effects, such as sunburn, premature skin aging, and an increased risk of skin cancer.

It's essential to balance the benefits and risks of sunlight exposure by practicing safe sun habits, such as wearing protective clothing, using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30, seeking shade during peak sunlight hours, and avoiding intentional tanning.

Porokeratosis is a skin condition characterized by the development of benign, progressive, and persistent papules or plaques with a ridge-like border called "cornoid lamella." These lesions can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on sun-exposed areas. The condition results from abnormal keratinization and can be inherited or acquired. There are several types of porokeratosis, including porokeratosis of Mibelli, disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis, punctate porokeratosis, linear porokeratosis, and porokeratosis palmaris et plantaris disseminata. The exact cause is unknown, but genetic mutations, ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, immunosuppression, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been implicated in its development. Treatment options include topical therapies, cryotherapy, laser surgery, and photodynamic therapy.

Skin pigmentation is the coloration of the skin that is primarily determined by two types of melanin pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin. These pigments are produced by melanocytes, which are specialized cells located in the epidermis. Eumelanin is responsible for brown or black coloration, while pheomelanin produces a red or yellow hue.

The amount and distribution of melanin in the skin can vary depending on genetic factors, age, sun exposure, and various other influences. Increased production of melanin in response to UV radiation from the sun helps protect the skin from damage, leading to darkening or tanning of the skin. However, excessive sun exposure can also cause irregular pigmentation, such as sunspots or freckles.

Abnormalities in skin pigmentation can result from various medical conditions, including albinism (lack of melanin production), vitiligo (loss of melanocytes leading to white patches), and melasma (excessive pigmentation often caused by hormonal changes). These conditions may require medical treatment to manage or improve the pigmentation issues.

Sunburn is a cutaneous condition characterized by redness, pain, and sometimes swelling of the skin caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or other sources such as tanning beds. The skin may also blister and peel in severe cases. Sunburn is essentially a burn to the skin that can have both immediate and long-term consequences, including increased aging of the skin and an increased risk of skin cancer. It is important to protect the skin from excessive sun exposure by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade during peak sunlight hours.

Conjunctival neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop on the conjunctiva, which is the thin, clear mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and the outer surface of the eye. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Benign conjunctival neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may include lesions such as conjunctival cysts, papillomas, or naevi (moles). These growths can usually be removed through simple surgical procedures with a good prognosis.

Malignant conjunctival neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and have the potential to invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of malignant conjunctival neoplasm is squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the epithelial cells that line the surface of the conjunctiva. Other less common types include melanoma, lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma.

Malignant conjunctival neoplasms typically require more extensive treatment, such as surgical excision, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. The prognosis for malignant conjunctival neoplasms depends on the type and stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis, as well as the patient's overall health and age. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to improving outcomes in patients with these conditions.

Eccrine glands are the most numerous type of sweat glands in the human body, found in virtually all skin locations. They play a crucial role in thermoregulation by producing a watery sweat that cools the body when it evaporates on the skin surface. These glands are distributed over the entire body, with a higher concentration on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, and forehead.

Structurally, eccrine glands consist of two main parts: the coiled secretory portion located in the dermis and the straight duct that extends through the dermis and epidermis to reach the skin surface. The secretory portion is lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium, while the duct is lined with a simple squamous or low cuboidal epithelium.

Eccrine glands are stimulated to produce sweat by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, particularly through the release of acetylcholine at the neuro-glandular junction. The sweat produced is primarily water with small amounts of electrolytes, such as sodium, chloride, and potassium. This composition helps maintain the body's electrolyte balance while facilitating heat loss during physical exertion or in hot environments.

A hemangioma is a benign (noncancerous) vascular tumor or growth that originates from blood vessels. It is characterized by an overgrowth of endothelial cells, which line the interior surface of blood vessels. Hemangiomas can occur in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes.

Hemangiomas can be classified into two main types:

1. Capillary hemangioma (also known as strawberry hemangioma): This type is more common and typically appears during the first few weeks of life. It grows rapidly for several months before gradually involuting (or shrinking) on its own, usually within the first 5 years of life. Capillary hemangiomas can be superficial, appearing as a bright red, raised lesion on the skin, or deep, forming a bluish, compressible mass beneath the skin.

2. Cavernous hemangioma: This type is less common and typically appears during infancy or early childhood. It consists of large, dilated blood vessels and can occur in various organs, including the skin, liver, brain, and gastrointestinal tract. Cavernous hemangiomas on the skin appear as a rubbery, bluish mass that does not typically involute like capillary hemangiomas.

Most hemangiomas do not require treatment, especially if they are small and not causing any significant problems. However, in cases where hemangiomas interfere with vital functions, impair vision or hearing, or become infected, various treatments may be considered, such as medication (e.g., corticosteroids, propranolol), laser therapy, surgical excision, or embolization.

Pigmentation disorders are conditions that affect the production or distribution of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. These disorders can cause changes in the color of the skin, resulting in areas that are darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter (hypopigmentation) than normal. Examples of pigmentation disorders include melasma, age spots, albinism, and vitiligo. The causes, symptoms, and treatments for these conditions can vary widely, so it is important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Neoplasms, adnexal and skin appendage refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the sweat glands, hair follicles, or other structures associated with the skin. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can occur anywhere on the body.

Adnexal neoplasms are tumors that arise from the sweat glands or hair follicles, including the sebaceous glands, eccrine glands, and apocrine glands. These tumors can range in size and severity, and they may cause symptoms such as pain, itching, or changes in the appearance of the skin.

Skin appendage neoplasms are similar to adnexal neoplasms, but they specifically refer to tumors that arise from structures such as hair follicles, nails, and sweat glands. Examples of skin appendage neoplasms include pilomatricomas (tumors of the hair follicle), trichilemmomas (tumors of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle), and sebaceous adenomas (tumors of the sebaceous glands).

It is important to note that while many adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms are benign, some can be malignant and may require aggressive treatment. If you notice any unusual growths or changes in your skin, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and care.

Multiple primary neoplasms refer to the occurrence of more than one primary malignant tumor in an individual, where each tumor is unrelated to the other and originates from separate cells or organs. This differs from metastatic cancer, where a single malignancy spreads to multiple sites in the body. Multiple primary neoplasms can be synchronous (occurring at the same time) or metachronous (occurring at different times). The risk of developing multiple primary neoplasms increases with age and is associated with certain genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by the combination of a facial port-wine birthmark and neurological abnormalities. The facial birthmark, which is typically located on one side of the face, occurs due to the malformation of small blood vessels (capillaries) in the skin and eye.

Neurological features often include seizures that begin in infancy, muscle weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiparesis), developmental delay, and intellectual disability. These neurological symptoms are caused by abnormal blood vessel formation in the brain (leptomeningeal angiomatosis) leading to increased pressure, reduced blood flow, and potential damage to the brain tissue.

Sturge-Weber syndrome can also affect the eyes, with glaucoma being a common occurrence due to increased pressure within the eye. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of this condition are crucial for improving the quality of life and reducing potential complications.

Eye color is a characteristic determined by variations in a person's genes. The color of the eyes depends on the amount and type of pigment called melanin found in the eye's iris.

There are three main types of eye colors: brown, blue, and green. Brown eyes have the most melanin, while blue eyes have the least. Green eyes have a moderate amount of melanin combined with a golden tint that reflects light to give them their unique color.

Eye color is a polygenic trait, which means it is influenced by multiple genes. The two main genes responsible for eye color are OCA2 and HERC2, both located on chromosome 15. These genes control the production, transport, and storage of melanin in the iris.

It's important to note that eye color can change during infancy and early childhood due to the development of melanin in the iris. Additionally, some medications or medical conditions may also cause changes in eye color over time.

Scleral diseases refer to conditions that affect the sclera, which is the tough, white outer coating of the eye. The sclera helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides protection for the internal structures. Scleral diseases can cause inflammation, degeneration, or thinning of the sclera, leading to potential vision loss or other complications. Some examples of scleral diseases include:

1. Scleritis: an inflammatory condition that causes pain, redness, and sensitivity in the affected area of the sclera. It can be associated with autoimmune disorders, infections, or trauma.
2. Episcleritis: a less severe form of inflammation that affects only the episclera, a thin layer of tissue overlying the sclera. Symptoms include redness and mild discomfort but typically no pain.
3. Pinguecula: a yellowish, raised deposit of protein and fat that forms on the conjunctiva, the clear membrane covering the sclera. While not a disease itself, a pinguecula can cause irritation or discomfort and may progress to a more severe condition called a pterygium.
4. Pterygium: a fleshy growth that extends from the conjunctiva onto the cornea, potentially obstructing vision. It is often associated with prolonged sun exposure and can be removed surgically if it becomes problematic.
5. Scleral thinning or melting: a rare but serious condition where the sclera degenerates or liquefies, leading to potential perforation of the eye. This can occur due to autoimmune disorders, infections, or as a complication of certain surgical procedures.
6. Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (OHS): a condition caused by the Histoplasma capsulatum fungus, which can lead to scarring and vision loss if it involves the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.

It is essential to consult an ophthalmologist or eye care professional if you experience any symptoms related to scleral diseases to receive proper diagnosis and treatment.

Carcinoma, basal cell is a type of skin cancer that arises from the basal cells, which are located in the lower part of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin). It is also known as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and is the most common form of skin cancer.

BCC typically appears as a small, shiny, pearly bump or nodule on the skin, often in sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, neck, hands, and arms. It may also appear as a scar-like area that is white, yellow, or waxy. BCCs are usually slow growing and rarely spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. However, they can be locally invasive and destroy surrounding tissue if left untreated.

The exact cause of BCC is not known, but it is thought to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. People with fair skin, light hair, and blue or green eyes are at increased risk of developing BCC.

Treatment for BCC typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with a margin of healthy tissue. Other treatment options may include radiation therapy, topical chemotherapy, or photodynamic therapy. Prevention measures include protecting your skin from UV radiation by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen, and avoiding tanning beds.

Proteus Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive overgrowth of skin, bones, muscles, and other tissues. It is caused by a mutation in the AKT1 gene, which regulates cell growth and division. The disorder is named after the Greek sea-god Proteus, who could change his shape at will, as people with this condition often have highly variable and asymmetric features.

The symptoms of Proteus Syndrome can vary widely from person to person, but may include:

1. Overgrowth of skin, which can lead to the formation of thickened, rough, or irregular areas of skin (known as "cerebriform" skin) and deep creases or folds.
2. Asymmetric overgrowth of bones, muscles, and other tissues, leading to differences in size and shape between the two sides of the body.
3. The formation of benign tumors (such as lipomas and lymphangiomas) and abnormal blood vessels.
4. Abnormalities of the brain, eyes, and other organs.
5. Increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.

Proteus Syndrome is typically diagnosed based on a combination of clinical features, medical imaging, and genetic testing. There is no cure for the disorder, but treatment is focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve surgery to remove tumors or correct bone deformities, physical therapy to improve mobility and strength, and medications to control pain and other symptoms.

A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.

For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.

Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly growing, dome-shaped, skin tumor that typically arises on sun-exposed areas such as the face, arms, and legs. It is considered a low-grade squamous cell carcinoma (a type of skin cancer) because it shares some characteristics with both benign and malignant tumors.

Keratoacanthomas usually develop over a period of several weeks to months, growing rapidly in size before eventually stabilizing and then gradually regressing on their own within a few months to a year. However, the regression process can take years, and some lesions may not regress completely, leading to cosmetic concerns or even local invasion.

Histologically, keratoacanthomas are characterized by a central keratin-filled crater surrounded by a well-differentiated layer of squamous epithelial cells. The tumor's growth pattern and histological features can make it difficult to distinguish from other types of skin cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma.

Treatment options for keratoacanthomas include surgical excision, cryosurgery, curettage and electrodesiccation, and topical therapies like imiquimod or 5-fluorouracil. The choice of treatment depends on various factors such as the size, location, and number of lesions, as well as patient preferences and overall health status.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

A "Spindle Cell Nevus" is a type of melanocytic nevus (mole), which is a benign growth that occurs from the uncontrolled multiplication of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells). In a spindle cell nevus, the melanocytes are elongated and take on a spindle shape. This type of nevus is not common and typically appears as a solitary, brown or skin-colored papule or nodule. Spindle cell nevi can be found anywhere on the body but are most commonly located on the scalp and face. They usually occur in adults and are generally considered to have a low malignant potential, although there is a small risk of transformation into a malignant melanoma. It's important to monitor any changes in size, color, or shape of a spindle cell nevus and to have it evaluated by a healthcare professional if there are any concerns.

Iris diseases refer to a variety of conditions that affect the iris, which is the colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light reaching the retina by adjusting the size of the pupil. Some common iris diseases include:

1. Iritis: This is an inflammation of the iris and the adjacent tissues in the eye. It can cause pain, redness, photophobia (sensitivity to light), and blurred vision.
2. Aniridia: A congenital condition characterized by the absence or underdevelopment of the iris. This can lead to decreased visual acuity, sensitivity to light, and an increased risk of glaucoma.
3. Iris cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that form on the iris. They are usually benign but can cause vision problems if they grow too large or interfere with the function of the eye.
4. Iris melanoma: A rare type of eye cancer that develops in the pigmented cells of the iris. It can cause symptoms such as blurred vision, floaters, and changes in the appearance of the iris.
5. Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE): A group of rare eye conditions that affect the cornea and the iris. They are characterized by the growth of abnormal tissue on the back surface of the cornea and can lead to vision loss.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of iris diseases, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and preserve your vision.

Hutchinson's melanotic freckle, also known as Hutchinson's melanotic macule or naevus, is a type of pigmented lesion that can be a precursor to malignant melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. It is typically characterized by the presence of darkly pigmented, irregularly shaped patches on the skin, often found on the face or neck.

The lesions are usually brown or black in color and may have an uneven border or surface. They can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. Hutchinson's melanotic freckles are typically larger, darker, and more irregularly shaped than common freckles.

These lesions are named after Sir Jonathan Hutchinson, an English surgeon and pathologist who first described them in the late 19th century. It is important to note that while Hutchinson's melanotic freckles can be a sign of increased risk for developing melanoma, not all such lesions will become cancerous. However, any changes in size, shape, or color of these lesions should be evaluated by a healthcare professional as soon as possible.

Eye neoplasms, also known as ocular tumors or eye cancer, refer to abnormal growths of tissue in the eye. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eye neoplasms can develop in various parts of the eye, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, and optic nerve.

Benign eye neoplasms are typically slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, or a noticeable mass in the eye. Treatment options for benign eye neoplasms include monitoring, surgical removal, or radiation therapy.

Malignant eye neoplasms, on the other hand, can grow and spread rapidly to other parts of the body. They may cause symptoms such as vision changes, eye pain, floaters, or flashes of light. Treatment options for malignant eye neoplasms depend on the type and stage of cancer but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

It is important to note that early detection and treatment of eye neoplasms can improve outcomes and prevent complications. Regular eye exams with an ophthalmologist are recommended for early detection and prevention of eye diseases, including eye neoplasms.

I believe you are looking for a medical condition or term related to the state of Colorado, but there is no specific medical definition for "Colorado." However, Colorado is known for its high altitude and lower oxygen levels, which can sometimes affect visitors who are not acclimated to the elevation. This can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and headaches, a condition sometimes referred to as "altitude sickness" or "mountain sickness." But again, this is not a medical definition for Colorado itself.

A Mongolian spot is not a medical condition, but rather a benign and common birthmark that appears as a flat, blue-gray or greenish-black patch on the skin. It is most frequently found on newborns and infants of Asian, Native American, African, and Hispanic descent, although it can be found in people of any race.

Mongolian spots are caused by the collection of melanocytes (the cells that produce pigment) in the dermis, which become trapped in the skin during fetal development. They typically appear at birth or within the first few weeks of life and can vary in size, shape, and color.

While Mongolian spots may resemble bruises, they are not painful or harmful to the child's health. In most cases, these spots fade on their own over time, often disappearing completely by the time the child reaches school age. However, in some cases, they may persist into adulthood.

It is important to note that while Mongolian spots are common and harmless, any new or changing skin lesions should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to ensure they are not indicative of a more serious condition.

Hereditary mucosal leukokeratosis is a rare genetic condition characterized by the abnormal growth of white, thickened, and slightly raised lesions or plaques on the mucous membranes. These lesions are primarily composed of keratin, a protein found in the outer layer of the skin, and consist of leukoplakia (white patches) and/or keratosis (thickening of the skin).

The condition typically affects mucous membranes in various parts of the body, such as the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, esophagus, genitals, and anus. The onset usually occurs during infancy or early childhood, and it can cause discomfort, pain, and difficulty with speaking, swallowing, or breathing, depending on the location of the lesions.

Hereditary mucosal leukokeratosis is caused by mutations in the MUC5B gene, which provides instructions for producing a specific type of mucin, a glycoprotein that helps maintain the moistness and integrity of mucous membranes. Inheritance follows an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that only one copy of the altered gene is sufficient to cause the condition.

Management of hereditary mucosal leukokeratosis often involves regular monitoring and removal of the lesions through various methods such as surgical excision, laser therapy, or chemical cauterization. The prognosis for individuals with this condition varies, but many will experience recurring lesions throughout their lives.

Dermabrasion is a medical procedure that involves the mechanical exfoliation, or removal, of the outer layers of the skin using a rapidly rotating abrasive tool. The goal of dermabrasion is to improve the appearance of various skin conditions, such as acne scars, fine lines and wrinkles, age spots, and sun damage.

During the procedure, the doctor uses a high-speed brush or a diamond-coated wheel to remove the top layers of the skin, revealing smoother, more evenly textured skin underneath. The depth of the treatment can be adjusted based on the individual's needs and desired outcome.

After dermabrasion, it is common for the skin to be red, swollen, and sensitive for several days or weeks. It may take several months for the skin to fully heal and for the final results to become apparent.

It is important to note that dermabrasion is not appropriate for everyone, particularly those with certain skin conditions such as active acne, eczema, or psoriasis. Additionally, there are risks associated with the procedure, including infection, scarring, and changes in skin color. It is essential to consult with a qualified medical professional before undergoing dermabrasion to determine if it is the right treatment option for you.

Café-au-lait spots are light to dark brown, flat patches on the skin that are benign and usually harmless. The term "café-au-lait" means "coffee with milk," which describes the color of these spots. They can vary in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter and can appear anywhere on the body, although they are most commonly found on the trunk and buttocks.

While café-au-lait spots are common and can occur in up to 20% of the general population, having multiple (more than six) such spots, especially if they are large or present at birth, may be a sign of an underlying medical condition, such as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder that affects the growth and development of nerve tissue.

Therefore, it is essential to monitor café-au-lait spots and report any changes or concerns to a healthcare provider.

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder that affects the development and growth of nerve tissue. It's also known as von Recklinghausen disease. NF1 is characterized by the growth of non-cancerous tumors on the nerves, as well as skin and bone abnormalities.

The symptoms of Neurofibromatosis 1 can vary widely, even among members of the same family. Some common features include:

* Multiple café au lait spots (flat, light brown patches on the skin)
* Freckles in the underarms and groin area
* Benign growths on or under the skin called neurofibromas
* Larger, more complex tumors called plexiform neurofibromas
* Optic gliomas (tumors that form on the optic nerve)
* Distinctive bone abnormalities, such as a curved spine (scoliosis) or an enlarged head (macrocephaly)
* Learning disabilities and behavioral problems

Neurofibromatosis 1 is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, which provides instructions for making a protein called neurofibromin. This protein helps regulate cell growth and division. When the NF1 gene is mutated, the production of neurofibromin is reduced or absent, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of tumors.

NF1 is an autosomal dominant disorder, which means that a person has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from an affected parent. However, about half of all cases are the result of new mutations in the NF1 gene, and occur in people with no family history of the disorder.

There is currently no cure for Neurofibromatosis 1, but treatments are available to manage the symptoms and complications of the disease. These may include medications to control pain or reduce the size of tumors, surgery to remove tumors or correct bone abnormalities, and physical therapy to improve mobility and strength. Regular monitoring by a healthcare team experienced in treating Neurofibromatosis 1 is also important to detect any changes in the condition and provide appropriate care.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Pigmented spindle cell nevus Spitz nevus Zosteriform lentiginous nevus Congenital melanocytic nevus These nevi are often ... Basal cell nevus syndrome Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome Dysplastic nevus syndrome Epidermal nevus syndrome Linear nevus ... Becker's nevus Blue nevus (rarely congenital): A classic blue nevus is usually smaller than 1 cm, flat, and blue-black in color ... Hori's nevus Nevus spilus (speckled lentiginous nevus): This lesion includes dark speckles within a tan-brown background. ...
H&E stain Blue nevus Cellular blue nevus Epithelioid blue nevus Malignant blue nevus List of cutaneous conditions List of genes ... A blue nevus of Jadassohn-Tièche (also known as a "common blue nevus", and "nevus ceruleus") is a cutaneous condition ... Blue nevi may be divided into the following types:: 701 A patch blue nevus (also known as an "acquired dermal melanocytosis", ... Blue+Nevi at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Sreeremya, S. (17 April 2018). "Blue Nevus ...
Since the histopathology of nevus anemicus is normal, nevus anemicus is a pharmacologic nevus and not an anatomic one. In most ... Nevus anemicus is a congenital disorder characterized by macules of varying size and shape that are paler than the surrounding ... Nevus anemicus. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;14:628-32. Requena L, Sangueza OP. Cutaneous vascular anomalies. Part 1. Hamartomas, ... Results of a skin biopsy would be interpreted as normal and only physiological testing can reveal the nevus in contrast to ...
... is a cutaneous condition, a rare scalp anomaly characterized by a variable degree of alopecia and an ...
... presents as a patch of livid skin that is cooler than the normal skin, as a result of decreased blood flow, in ...
... atypical nevus, B-K mole, Clark's nevus, dysplastic melanocytic nevus, or nevus with architectural disorder. Dysplastic nevi ... A dysplastic nevus or atypical mole is a nevus (mole) whose appearance is different from that of common moles. In 1992, the NIH ... "Dysplastic nevus syndrome" refers to individuals who have high numbers of benign moles and also have dysplastic nevi. A small ... In this classification, a nevus can be defined as benign, having atypia, or being a melanoma. A benign nevus is read as (or ...
An Apocrine nevus is an extremely rare cutaneous condition that is composed of hyperplastic mature apocrine glands.: 775 ... ISBN 0-07-138076-0. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and ... Eccrine nevus Seborrheic keratosis List of cutaneous conditions Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General ... cysts, Apocrine, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ...
... is a rare cutaneous condition characterized by hamartoma that can be congenital or acquired. MRI burn List of ... ISBN 1-4160-2999-0. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and ...
Nevus sebaceus or sebaceous nevus (the first term is its Latin name, the second term is its name in English; also known as an " ... Such nevi are classified as epidermal nevi and can be present at birth, or early childhood, and affect males and females of all ... "organoid nevus": 661 and "nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn": 773 ) is a congenital, hairless plaque that typically occurs on the ... Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ...
... (also known as "Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules") is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple ... Nevus of Ota List of cutaneous conditions Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2- ...
Of the nine melanomas, five were in the same body area as the Becker's nevus, with only one occurring within the nevus itself. ... In the French study, 100 subjects were found to have Becker's nevi, revealing a prevalence of 0.52%. Nevi appeared in one half ... The nevus is due to an overgrowth of the epidermis, pigment cells (melanocytes), and hair follicles. This form of nevus was ... As Becker's nevus is considered a benign lesion, treatment is generally not necessary except for cosmetic purposes. Shaving or ...
... s are the primary component of a melanocytic nevus. Nevus cells can also be found in lymph nodes and the thymus. List ... dermal nevus cells mature into type B (lymphocytoid) dermal nevus cells which mature further into type C (neuroid) dermal nevus ... Nevus cells are a variant of melanocytes.: 684 They are larger than typical melanocytes, do not have dendrites, and have more ... May 2003). "Intraparenchymal nevus cell aggregates in lymph nodes: a possible diagnostic pitfall with malignant melanoma and ...
"Sutton nevus": 689 ) is a mole that is surrounded by a depigmented ring or 'halo'. Halo nevi are also known as Sutton's nevi, ... Halo nevi are named such because they are a mole (nevus) that is surrounded by an area of depigmentation that resembles a halo ... As halo nevi are only of cosmetic significance, no treatment is required, and patients will be asymptomatic. Although halo nevi ... Halo nevi are estimated to be present in approximately 1% of the general population, and are found to be more prevalent in ...
... , also known as speckled lentiginous nevus, is a light brown or tan birth mark, speckled with small, dark spots or ... If it occurs in a segmental pattern then it is sometimes referred to as a Zosteriform speckled lentiginous nevus. It may be ... Lentigines, nevi and melanomas". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 530. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. DE, ... Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 686- ...
Use of the 308-nm excimer laser for nevus depigmentosus: A promising treatment for either nevus depigmentosus or vitiligo. J ... Those with nevus depigmentosus may be prone to sunburn due to the lack of pigment, and the patient should use good sun ... Nevus depigmentosus is a loss of pigment in the skin which can be easily differentiated from vitiligo. Although age factor has ... Most patients with nevus depigmentosus do not pursue treatment for their lesion. There is no way to repigment the skin. If, ...
The prevalence of acral nevi increases directly with degree of skin pigmentation. In a study, palmar or plantar nevi were ... 1726 Acral nevi may occur in all ethnic groups, but are more common in dark-skinned people. The acral nevus is a benign skin ... An acral nevus is a cutaneous condition of the palms, soles, fingers, or toes (peripheral body parts), characterized by a skin ... 1726-7. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1. Palicka, G. A.; Rhodes, A. R. (2010). "Acral melanocytic nevi: prevalence and distribution of ...
774 Apocrine nevus Nevus comedonicus List of cutaneous conditions Freedberg, et al. (2003). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in ... Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts). ... An eccrine nevus is an extremely rare cutaneous condition that, histologically, is characterized by an increase in size or ...
A Spitz nevus is a benign skin lesion. A type of melanocytic nevus, it affects the epidermis and dermis. It is also known as an ... Spitz nevi characteristically have vertically arranged nests of nevus cells that have both a spindled and an epithelioid ... Although they are most commonly found on people in their first two decades of life, the age range for people with Spitz nevi is ... The cause of Spitz nevi is not yet known. There is an association with sunburn, but causation is not established. Genetic ...
Halo nevi contribute to 5% of all choroidal nevi. The pathogenesis of the halo nevus is not known, but the presence of a halo ... giant choroidal nevus, and choroidal nevus with drusen. It is important to note that these characteristics and forms of nevi ... Choroidal nevus (plural: nevi) is a type of eye neoplasm that is classified under choroidal tumors as a type of benign (non- ... In nevi imaged by OCT, about 41% are found to have drusen. Naturally, nevi occur more frequently than melanoma. Research shows ...
A melanocytic nevus (also known as nevocytic nevus, nevus-cell nevus and commonly as a mole) is usually a noncancerous ... Depth Small dermal nevus, with nests of nevus cells (arrows) Congenital versus acquired Congenital nevus: Small to large nevus ... Acquired nevus: Any melanocytic nevus that is not a congenital nevus or not present at birth or near birth. Specific ... Dysplastic nevi are more likely than ordinary moles to become cancerous. Dysplastic nevi are common, and many people have a few ...
... (also known as a comedo nevus) is characterized by closely arranged, grouped, often linear, slightly elevated ... Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and cysts, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ... papules that have at their center keratinous plugs resembling comedones.: 634 : 774 Nevus comedonicus syndrome Skin lesion List ...
... is a benign nevus. It appears like a melanocytic nevus. Histologically it is characterized by swollen, pale ... Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms: Balloon cell nevus". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh ... ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. Paul, Sharad P.; Inskip, Michael (2016). "Balloon Cell Nevi and Balloon Cell Melanomas: What Are They ... Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms, All stub articles, Cutaneous condition stubs). ...
List of cutaneous conditions Mongolian spot Nevus flammeus Nevus flammeus nuchae James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk ... Midline nevus flammeus (also known as salmon patch and "angel's kiss") is a vascular birthmark which may be found on the ...
... is a skin condition characterized by a nevus comedonicus associated with cataracts, scoliosis, and ... ISBN 1-4160-2999-0. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Epidermal nevi, neoplasms, and ... neurologic abnormalities.: 635 : 776 : 849 Epidermal nevus syndrome Cutaneous conditions James, William; Berger, Timothy; ... cysts, All stub articles, Epidermal nevi, neoplasm, cyst stubs). ...
... two or more clinically atypical nevi, 2) more than 100 nevi in patients between 20 and 50 years of age, 3) more than 50 nevi in ... Dysplastic nevus syndrome is characterized by unusual nevi and multiple inherited melanomas.: 692 The CDKN2A gene is located on ... Treatment approaches such as removal of the largest dysplastic nevus or all of the dysplastic nevi have not been shown to ... Similarly, biopsy of multiple pigmented dysplastic nevi is not recommended and biopsy should be limited to specific nevi with ...
A connective tissue nevus is a skin lesion which may be present at birth or appear within the first few years of life. It is ...
... (also known as "Nevus fuscoceruleus acromiodeltoideus") is a skin condition with similar features to the Nevus of ... "Orphanet: Nevus of Ito". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 21 April 2019. James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews ... ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Melanocytic nevi and ...
A benign melanocytic nevus (also known as "Banal nevus," "Common acquired melanocytic nevus," "Mole," "Nevocellular nevus," and ... junctional nevi), intradermal nevi in the dermis only, and those found in both the dermis and epidermis (compound nevi). This ... However, a melanocytic nevus is benign, and melanoma is malignant. Nearly two-thirds of melanocytic nevi never evolve into a ... or later in life as an acquired nevus. Should the nevi appear in toddler- or school-aged children, they are more likely to ...
Nevus lipomatosus (cutaneous) superficialis (NLS or NLCS, also known as "Nevus lipomatosis of Hoffman and Zurhelle") is ... A pedunculated lipofibroma is a solitary variant of nevus lipomatosus superficialis. It usually appears in adult life, and ... The main differential diagnoses are acrochordon, seborrheic keratosis, intradermal melanocytic nevi, neurofibromas, verrucae ...
690 Giant congenital melanocytic nevus (also known as "bathing trunk nevus," "garment nevus," "giant hairy nevus", and "nevus ... "Frequently Asked Questions About Large Nevi - Nevus Outreach Inc". www.nevus.org. 2015-07-28. Roh, Mi Ryung; Eliades, Philip; ... congenital melanocytic nevi appear similar to acquired nevi with two notable exceptions. For the congenital nevus, the neval ... The congenital melanocytic nevus is a type of melanocytic nevus (or mole) found in infants at birth. This type of birthmark ...
Pigmented spindle cell nevus Spitz nevus Zosteriform lentiginous nevus Congenital melanocytic nevus These nevi are often ... Basal cell nevus syndrome Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome Dysplastic nevus syndrome Epidermal nevus syndrome Linear nevus ... Beckers nevus Blue nevus (rarely congenital): A classic blue nevus is usually smaller than 1 cm, flat, and blue-black in color ... Horis nevus Nevus spilus (speckled lentiginous nevus): This lesion includes dark speckles within a tan-brown background. ...
Nevus is an unusual mole or a birthmark. Have them checked if they should change in size or color. ... Nevus Removal (Nevus Outreach, Inc.) * Products Marketed for Removing Moles and Other Skin Lesions Can Cause Injuries, Scarring ... Common Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, and Risk of Melanoma (National Cancer Institute) Also in Spanish ... They are called dysplastic nevi. They may be more likely than ordinary moles to develop into melanoma, a type of skin cancer. ...
Nevus anemicus is a congenital vascular anomaly that presents clinically as a hypopigmented macule or patch, as shown below. ... The prognosis of nevus anemicus is excellent. Lesions of nevus anemicus usually persist unchanged throughout life. They are ... Early literature reports nevus anemicus occurring more frequently in females. Review of the literature of nevus anemicus ... encoded search term (Nevus Anemicus) and Nevus Anemicus What to Read Next on Medscape ...
A Spitz nevus is a type of noncancerous growth. In this article, learn about the types, diagnosis, and when to see a doctor to ... Spitz nevus is a rare, non-cancerous skin growth that typically impacts people under 35 years old. Spitz nevus, or Spitz nevi, ... Spitz nevus growths, or Spitz nevi, were once considered a type of skin cancer. They have since been shown to be benign, or non ... of all classic Spitz nevi.. In most cases, Spitz nevi change as they grow, switching between classic and pigmented forms before ...
View an Illustration of Compound Nevus and learn more about Nonmalignant, Premalignant and Malignant Tumors. ... Picture of Compound Nevus. Compound nevus is a type of mole made up of pigment cells. Considered normal skin developments, they ... skin center/ skin a-z list/ image collection a-z list/ compound nevus picture article ...
1. What component of the PA NEVI Plan does your comment(s) apply to? State Agency Coordination ... 3. Is there any additional information or feedback you would like to provide in general about PAs current NEVI Plan? ... The intention of this survey is to collect input on the FFY 2024 Pennsylvania NEVI Plan update for the development of the next ... feedback or recommendation would you like the department to consider in the development of PAs future NEVI Plans and ...
... nevi that are not present at birth but are histologically identical to congenital nevi may develop during the first 2 years of ... Congenital nevi are present at birth and result from a proliferation of benign melanocytes in the dermis, epidermis, or both ( ... Recurrent Nevi in a Skin Graft Following Excision of Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus. Dermatol Surg. 2016 May 25. [QxMD ... The risk of developing malignancy in association with congenital melanocytic nevi is dependent on the size of the nevus; the ...
The risk for ovarian cancer and skin cancer is increased with basal cell nevus syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. ... Basal cell nevus syndrome is caused by changes in a tumor suppressor gene, called PTCH1. This gene is located on chromosome 9. ... With basal cell nevus syndrome, the first mutation is inherited from either the mother or the father. This happens in 70% to 80 ... It is also important to remember that the gene responsible for basal cell nevus syndrome is not located on the sex chromosomes ...
Da Cunha Filho, R. R., Fezer, A. P., & Lorencette, N. A. (2015). Nevus sebáceo cerebriforme: Uma rara apresentação. Anais ... The upper dermis showed underdeveloped hair follicles with sebaceous glands, consistent with sebaceous nevus. There were no ... Following a diagnosis of cerebriform nevus sebaceous, complete excision was performed with excellent aesthetic results. ...
Topical sirolimus therapy for nevus sebaceus and epidermal nevus: A case series. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 Aug 21:S0190-9622(21) ... Cerebriform sebaceous nevus: a subtype of organoid nevus due to specific postzygotic FGFR2 mutations. J Eur Acad Dermatol ... keratinocytic epidermal nevi, nevoid acanthosis nigricans/rounded and velvety epidermal nevus (RAVEN). (6) ... The ever-changing world of nevus sebaceus. By Warren R. Heymann, MD, FAAD. Sept. 14, 2022. Vol. 4, No. 37 ...
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Can a dysplastic nevus turn into melanoma?. Only rarely does a dysplastic nevus turn into melanoma (1, 3). However, dysplastic ... What is a dysplastic nevus?. A dysplastic nevus is a type of mole that looks different from a common mole. (Some doctors use ... Normally, people do not need to have a dysplastic nevus or a common mole removed. One reason is that very few dysplastic nevi ... Another name for a mole is a nevus. The plural is nevi. ... Common Moles, Dysplastic Nevi, and Risk of Melanoma On This ...
Hawaii expected to be among the first to install fast chargers purchased through the federally funded NEVI program... ... Hawaii expected to be among the first to install fast chargers purchased through the federally funded NEVI program... ... HDOT is using the initial round of NEVI funding to procure eight Tritium NEVI systems, totaling 32 PKM150 (150kW) chargers and ... 2.6 million of NEVI funding in FY2022. As part of their NEVI deployment plan, HDOT is utilizing its existing contract with ...
Nevus simplex is a common (and harmless) salmon-colored birthmark also called a stork bite or angels kiss. Learn more about ... Nevus simplex that appears on the back of the neck is more likely to stick around, maybe permanently. But they dont tend to be ... Nevus simplex most commonly shows up around the nape of your babys neck - where the proverbial stork might have "carried" your ... Most likely your babys pediatrician will notice a nevus simplex mark during a well visit or checkup, but if it seems ...
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Small nevi can be removed by simple surgical excision. The nevus is cut out, and the adjacent skin stitched together leaving a ... Nevus Outreach collects more data on large nevi than anyone, and is using that data to find the answers you seek. ... Although information about congenital pigmented nevus removal is often the first thing a new nevus parent wishes to learn about ... there is no way of knowing if a person with a large pigmented nevus actually got it because they have a large nevus, or if it ...
Nevi (Wallpaper Portfolio) Forgive Me 1024x768 , 800x600 To download wallpapers without ads at the top of the page, please take ...
Silverstone - Nevus, Post op cataract - RG, AF, FA, OCT. A nevus is a common, colored growth on or in your eye. Sometimes ...
Spitz nevus). Authoritative facts about the skin from DermNet New Zealand. ... Emiroglu N, Yıldız P, Biyik Ozkaya D, Bahalı AG, Su O, Onsun N. Evolution of Spitz Nevi. Pediatr Dermatol. 2017 Jul;34(4):438- ... A Spitz naevus (or Spitzs nevus) is an uncommon type of mole (melanocytic naevus). ...
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The management of congenital melanocytic nevus presents a diagnostic dilemma. Treatment must weigh the risk of malignancy, ... The article will review the different treatment modalities for congenital nevi and the senior authors approach to these ... Excision of every nevus is neither applicable nor practical. Most plastic surgeons would agree that a large nevus mandates ... Congenital nevus: the Indiana Universitys approach to treatment J Craniofac Surg. 2005 Sep;16(5):915-20. doi: 10.1097/01.scs. ...
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Tags: benign eyelid tumors, Eyelid Nevus, eyelid tumors, nevus, Nevus at the Eyelid Margin ... A nevus (a benign tumor) is commonly found on the skin of other parts of the human body. A nevus can also occur on the eyelid ... Nevi can be melanotic "dark" like this one, or amelanotic "light-colored." *Note* Some nevi grow during puberty.. Patients ... Eyelid nevi are benign tumors. They can be photographed and followed for evidence of change or growth prior to consideration of ...
Atypical Compound Nevus moderate atypia 3 -f.jpg. Jason Mayeaux 11/01/2012 Vulvar Dark Colored (brown, blue, gray, black) ... Atypical Compound Nevus moderate atypia 3 -f.jpg ...
Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) represents a rare and distinct benign cutaneous mesenchy ... Fibroblastic Connective Tissue Nevus. A Rare Cutaneous Lesion Analyzed in a Series of 25 Cases. de Feraudy, Sébastien MD, PhD ... Fibroblastic Connective Tissue Nevus: A Rare Cutaneous Lesion Analyzed in a Series of 25 Cases : The American Journal of ... Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) represents a rare and distinct benign cutaneous mesenchymal lesion of fibroblastic/ ...
Congenital naevi, Hamartomas, Birthmarks. Authoritative facts from DermNet New Zealand.
Recommended Nevus Excision . Authentic patient reviews of doctors in MedReviews. ... Looking for Nevus Excision ? In the MedReviews directory, you can find a wide range of Nevus Excision with dozens or hundreds ... How can I find Nevus Excision who speak my language?. To find Nevus Excision who speak a specific language, you need to select ... How can I find Nevus Excision of a specific gender?. To find Nevus Excision of a specific gender, you need to select the ...
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The indigenous Maldivian calendar system (Nakaiy) with weather observations.
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  • Pigmented spindle cell nevus Spitz nevus Zosteriform lentiginous nevus Congenital melanocytic nevus These nevi are often categorized based on size, however, the lesions usually grow in proportion to the body over time, so the category may change over an individual's life. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6 mm, and evolution) are often used to distinguish nevi from melanomas in adults, while modified criteria (amelanosis, bleeding or bumps, uniform color, small diameter or de novo, and evolution) can be used when evaluating suspicious lesions in children. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lesions of nevus anemicus usually persist unchanged throughout life. (medscape.com)
  • 1,2) Larger lesions in a Blaschkoid distribution are observed in the epidermal nevus syndrome known as the Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome (SFM), associated with extracutaneous abnormalities of the eyes (strabismus, colobomas, lipodermoids), central nervous system (structural brain abnormalities, seizures), and skeleton (craniofacial, limb deformities). (aad.org)
  • The article will review the different treatment modalities for congenital nevi and the senior author's approach to these lesions. (nih.gov)
  • Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN) represents a rare and distinct benign cutaneous mesenchymal lesion of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lineage, which broadens the spectrum of lesions presently recognized as connective tissue nevus. (lww.com)
  • Nevus araneus lesions are acquired. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The term organoid nevus may be used to emphasize the admixture of epidermal cells often evident in individual lesions of epidermal nevi. (medscape.com)
  • Epidermal nevi(EN)represent a heterogeneous group of mosaic skin lesions frequently following the lines of Blaschko. (karger.com)
  • Theoretically, conjunctival melanoma may originate from primary acquired melanosis, preexisting nevi, or de novo lesions (without any histologic or clinical evidence of a preexisting lesion). (medscape.com)
  • Malignant melanomas arising from nevi (they may arise from junctional and compound nevi) usually appear as a change (increasing nodularity, variegated pigmentation, bleeding, or inflammation) in known pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva. (medscape.com)
  • Linear intraoral lesions in the sebaceous nevus syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] In 1957, he described a case of sebaceous nevus involving the head, with ipsilateral ocular lesions including coloboma of the upper lid, increased density of cranial bones, epileptic seizures, and mental retardation. (medscape.com)
  • Usually, no symptoms of the nevi are present, with the exception of inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus. (medscape.com)
  • Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus is a linear, persistent, pruritic plaque, usually first noted on a limb in early childhood. (medscape.com)
  • Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus, unlike the other types of epidermal nevi, demonstrates erythema and sometimes pruritus. (medscape.com)
  • Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus is characterized by tiny, discrete, erythematous, slightly warty papules, which tend to coalesce in a linear formation. (medscape.com)
  • Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus may occur with musculoskeletal abnormalities in a few children, prompting the classification of inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus as part of epidermal nevus syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • One infant had inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus with congenital dislocation of the ipsilateral hip and Fallot tetralogy of the heart. (medscape.com)
  • Another infant had congenital inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus with congenital bony anomalies of the ipsilateral extremities. (medscape.com)
  • Nevus depigmentosus and inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus may occur together, as may inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus and melanodontia. (medscape.com)
  • Waltz KM, Helm KF, Billingsley EM: The spectrum of epidermal nevi: a case of verrucous epidermal nevus contiguous with nevus sebaceus. (karger.com)
  • These include linear sebaceous nevus, linear nevus comedonicus (NC), linear epidermal nevus (LEN), and inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN). (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] delineated inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus as a distinct entity in 25 patients. (medscape.com)
  • They coined the name inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus, labeling it a clinical and histopathologic type of linear verrucous nevus that is often inflammatory or psoriasiform. (medscape.com)
  • Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus accounts for approximately 5% of patients with epidermal nevi and has been described in a mother and daughter. (medscape.com)
  • Spitz nevus tumors are often called Spitz moles or growths. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In a small number of cases, Spitz nevus growths resemble cancerous melanoma tumors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The risk for ovarian tumors and skin cancer is increased with basal cell nevus syndrome (also called Gorlin syndrome or nevoid basal cell carcinoma), a rare autosomal dominant cancer genetic syndrome. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Eyelid nevi are benign tumors. (eyecancer.com)
  • Takata M, Tojo M, Hatta N, Ohara K, Yamada M, Takehara K: No evidence of deregulated patched-hedgehog signaling pathway in trichoblastomas and other tumors arising within nevus sebaceus. (karger.com)
  • Following a diagnosis of cerebriform nevus sebaceous, complete excision was performed with excellent aesthetic results. (mendeley.com)
  • Small nevi can be removed by simple surgical excision. (nevus.org)
  • Excision of every nevus is neither applicable nor practical. (nih.gov)
  • Most plastic surgeons would agree that a large nevus mandates excision because of the risk of malignancy. (nih.gov)
  • In the MedReviews directory, you can find a wide range of Nevus Excision with dozens or hundreds of reviews from real patients. (medreviews.com)
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  • we will image these nevi prior to excision and then test whether distinct RCM patterns of nevi correlate reproducibly with unique histopathologic patterns. (europa.eu)
  • Factors to be considered include the size and location of the nevus, its cosmetic significance, and the risks and benefits of early excision (which usually requires general anesthesia) versus delayed excision (which is usually with local anesthesia). (medscape.com)
  • The aphorism in medical education that half of what you learn in medical school will prove to be wrong could use the nevus sebaceus (sebaceous) of Jadassohn as its poster child. (aad.org)
  • First described by Jadassohn in 1895, nevus sebaceus (NS) is a common lesion, affecting 0.3% of newborns. (aad.org)
  • The authors concluded: "Our study confirms that most of the secondary neoplasms arising in association with nevus sebaceus are benign. (aad.org)
  • Nevus Marginatus: A Distinct Type of Epidermal Nevus or Merely a Variant of Nevus Sebaceus? (karger.com)
  • So far it is not clear whether nevus marginatus represents a distinct entity or merely an unusual clinical variant of nevus sebaceus. (karger.com)
  • Nevus sebaceus manifesting as a bald patch in a child. (medscape.com)
  • In nevus sebaceus, postzygotic somatic mutations may result in various clinical expressions of mosaicism. (medscape.com)
  • Nevus sebaceus occurs with equal frequency in males and females of all races. (medscape.com)
  • Of newborns, 0.3% are affected by nevus sebaceus. (medscape.com)
  • Males and females are equally affected by nevus sebaceus. (medscape.com)
  • Nevus sebaceus is usually noted as a solitary lesion at birth or in early childhood, whereas the characteristic features may not develop until puberty. (medscape.com)
  • The medical importance of a solitary nevus sebaceus relates to the description of both benign change and, in some cases, malignant neoplastic change. (medscape.com)
  • The development of secondary malignant neoplasms within the nevus sebaceus is rare and occurs almost exclusively in adults. (medscape.com)
  • Jaqueti G, Requena L, Sanchez Yus E. Trichoblastoma is the most common neoplasm developed in nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn: a clinicopathologic study of a series of 155 cases. (medscape.com)
  • Melanocytic nevus Melanocytic nevi can be categorized based on the location of melanocytic cells Junctional: epidermis Intradermal: dermis Compound: epidermis and dermis Atypical (dysplastic) nevus: This type of nevus must be diagnosed based on histological features. (wikipedia.org)
  • This categorization is important because large congenital melanocytic nevi are associated with an increased risk of melanoma, a serious type of skin cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients with giant congenital melanocytic nevi have an increased risk of developing melanoma (as high as 5-7% by age 60 y). (medscape.com)
  • Large congenital melanocytic nevi are associated with an increased risk for developing cutaneous melanoma, leptomeningeal melanoma, neurocutaneous melanocytosis, malformations of the brain, and, rarely, rhabdomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. (medscape.com)
  • Congenital melanocytic nevi may be linked with neurologic melanocytic (neuromelanocytosis, melanoma) and nonmelanocytic (syringomyelia, related hydrocephalus, ependymoma, meningioma, astrocytoma, choroid plexus papilloma, pineal germinoma, and malformations such as Dandy‐Walker and Arnold‐Chiari malformations) findings and possibly hypophosphatemic rickets. (medscape.com)
  • Clemmensen OJ, Kroon S. The histology of "congenital features" in early acquired melanocytic nevi. (medscape.com)
  • Dermoscopic features of congenital acral melanocytic nevi in children: a prospective comparative and follow-up study. (medscape.com)
  • Large congenital melanocytic nevi and neurocutaneous melanocytosis: one pediatric center's experience. (medscape.com)
  • Age- and site-specific variation in the dermoscopic patterns of congenital melanocytic nevi: an aid to accurate classification and assessment of melanocytic nevi. (medscape.com)
  • Get the basic information you need about large/giant congenital melanocytic nevi. (nevus.org)
  • Smaller congenital pigmented or melanocytic nevi are common in children and do not cause problems most of the time. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • In 1895, Jadassohn first described nevus sebaceous (see the image below), a circumscribed hamartomatous lesion predominantly composed of sebaceous glands. (medscape.com)
  • It has also been called Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome and Jadassohn nevus phakomatosis. (medscape.com)
  • The term nevus is included in the names of multiple dermatologic syndromes: Basal cell nevus syndrome Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome Dysplastic nevus syndrome Epidermal nevus syndrome Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome Skin lesion Happle, Rudolf (1995). (wikipedia.org)
  • Mixed vascular nevus syndrome: a report of four new cases and a literature review. (medscape.com)
  • Basal cell nevus syndrome is caused by changes in a tumor suppressor gene, called PTCH1. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • With basal cell nevus syndrome, the first mutation is inherited from either the mother or the father. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • It is also important to remember that the gene responsible for basal cell nevus syndrome is not located on the sex chromosomes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • hence, this condition is considered to be an epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS). (medscape.com)
  • Solomon defines epidermal nevus syndrome as a sporadic neurocutaneous linkage of congenital ectodermal defects in the skin, brain, eyes, and/or skeleton. (medscape.com)
  • Epidermal nevus syndrome is often termed the Solomon syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Nevus comedonicus syndrome has ocular, skeletal, and central nervous system anomalies. (medscape.com)
  • Solomon LM, Fretzin DF, Dewald RL: The epidermal nevus syndrome. (karger.com)
  • Hodge JA, Ray MC, Flynn KJ: The epidermal nevus syndrome. (karger.com)
  • A clinical entity called epidermal nevus syndrome should be more precisely defined and distinguished by clinical, histopathologic, and genetic criteria. (medscape.com)
  • Linear epidermal nevus syndrome is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by linear epidermal nevus with significant involvement of the nervous, ophthalmologic, and/or skeletal systems. (medscape.com)
  • Linear sebaceous nevus, also known as organoid nevus syndrome, often has the term linear deleted because almost all syndromic sebaceous nevi are linear. (medscape.com)
  • Schimmelpenning syndrome, as noted above, links a sebaceous nevus with cerebral anomalies, coloboma, and lipodermoid of the conjunctiva. (medscape.com)
  • Cataracts may be a prominent feature of nevus comedonicus syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Happle R: Epidermal nevus syndromes. (karger.com)
  • In this review, 4 distinct epidermal nevus syndromes, recognizable by the different types of associated epithelial nevi, are described. (medscape.com)
  • TORRANCE, Calif., July 11, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Tritium DCFC Limited (Tritium) (Nasdaq: DCFC), a global leader in direct current (DC) fast chargers for electric vehicles (EVs), today announced that the company will provide all fast chargers for the State of Hawai'i's first round of National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Formula Program funding. (globenewswire.com)
  • Six different syndromes with epidermal nevi as part of them have been delineated. (medscape.com)
  • Spitz nevus is a rare, non-cancerous skin growth that typically impacts people under 35 years old. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Spitz nevus, or Spitz nevi, often presents as rapidly-growing moles and is common on the head, face, and legs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Spitz nevus growths, or Spitz nevi, were once considered a type of skin cancer . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Spitz nevi were also initially thought to only develop in children. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Pigmented Spitz moles are thought to account for around 10 percent of all classic Spitz nevi. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In most cases, Spitz nevi change as they grow, switching between classic and pigmented forms before eventually fading away. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A Spitz nevus often starts out light-colored and round and progresses into a pigmented Spitz mole. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Classic and pigmented Spitz nevi are considered harmless. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some Spitz nevi eventually disappear, usually leaving only a temporary area of discoloration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A suspicious Spitz nevus is usually removed by a doctor while it is still benign. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If doctors are not sure if a Spitz nevus is cancerous, but it displays the potential to be so, the lesion is called a Spitzoid tumor of uncertain malignant potential, or STUMP. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • As with most growths, Spitz nevi develop because of the overproduction and buildup of cells, in this case, skin melanocytes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Researchers are not sure why some people develop Spitz nevus growths, and others do not, or why some growths progress to become Spitzoid melanomas. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, there are a few risk factors that may increase or influence the chances of developing Spitz nevi and Spitzoid melanomas. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A Spitz naevus (or Spitz's nevus ) is an uncommon type of mole ( melanocytic naevus). (dermnetnz.org)
  • It is not known why Spitz nevi occur. (dermnetnz.org)
  • The classic spitz lesion is defined by the presence of distinctive-appearing spindle or epithelioid cells on light microscopy in a recognizable nevus-like pattern. (uiowa.edu)
  • Lyon VB: The Spitz Nevus: Review and Update Clin. (uiowa.edu)
  • Bone marrow metastasis of malignant melanoma in childhood arising within a congenital melanocytic nevus. (medscape.com)
  • When rapid (over months) growth, loss of eyelashes or discoloration of the nevus is noted, malignant melanoma is suspected. (eyecancer.com)
  • Nevi and malignant melanoma. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Clinically, atypical nevi are characterized by variable pigmentation and irregular borders. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nevus anemicus is a congenital vascular anomaly that presents clinically as a hypopigmented macule or patch, as shown below. (medscape.com)
  • Common nevi are still regarded clinically as a single entity, despite data suggesting that nevi consist of distinct subsets, and a new classification reflecting the diversity of nevi is needed. (europa.eu)
  • Nevus comedonicus is evident clinically as confluent clusters of dilated follicular orifices plugged with keratin, giving the appearance of aggregated open comedones. (medscape.com)
  • Clinically, Hori's Nevus can coexist with melasma (chloasma, pregnancy mask) and or solar lentigos. (globale-dermatologie.com)
  • People who have dysplastic nevi usually also have an increased number of common moles. (cancer.gov)
  • and having a large number of moles or nevi ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Hori's nevus Nevus spilus (speckled lentiginous nevus): This lesion includes dark speckles within a tan-brown background. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phacomatosis pigmentokeratotica is characterized by the presence of multiple organoid nevi with sebaceous differentiation, a speckled lentiginous nevus, and skeletal and neurologic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Ferrari F, Masurel A, Olivier-Faivre L, Vabres P. Juvenile xanthogranuloma and nevus anemicus in the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1. (medscape.com)
  • However, classifications by clinical examination or even by low-resolution imaging techniques have been limited by difficulty to correlate with histopathology, the gold standard for diagnosis, and by lack of specific pattern in a substantial percentage of nevi. (europa.eu)
  • A dysplastic nevus may occur anywhere on the body, but it is usually seen in areas exposed to the sun, such as on the back. (cancer.gov)
  • However, debates occur regarding treatment of small and medium size nevi. (nih.gov)
  • A nevus can also occur on the eyelid skin. (eyecancer.com)
  • Acne isolated within a BN is a rare phenomenon hypothesized to occur, at least in part, due to increased androgen sensitivity within the nevus. (cdlib.org)
  • Sebaceous nevi are sporadic and occur with equal frequency in males and females of all races. (medscape.com)
  • Sebaceous nevi generally occur during adolescence or adult life. (medscape.com)
  • There are several reasons that patients sometimes decide to undergo removal of a large nevus. (nevus.org)
  • While it is almost impossible to remove every cell of a large nevus, the goal is to remove as many cells as possible while at the same time preserving function and minimizing scarring. (nevus.org)
  • Since skin cancer is so common, there is no way of knowing if a person with a large pigmented nevus actually got it because they have a large nevus, or if it would have occurred even if they had been born without a nevus. (nevus.org)
  • Evidence indicates that approximately 20% to 25% of patients with conjunctival melanoma have a history or microscopic evidence of a benign conjunctival nevus. (medscape.com)
  • Conjunctival nevus. (medscape.com)
  • Changes were seen in a conjunctival nevus in one worker. (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical and Dermoscopic Features of 88 Scalp Nevi in 39 Children. (medscape.com)
  • Dermatoscopic and clinical features of congenital or congenital-type nail matrix nevi: A multicenter prospective cohort study by the International Dermoscopy Society. (medscape.com)
  • Most eyelid nevi can be diagnosed by clinical examination. (eyecancer.com)
  • Paller AS, Syder AJ, Chan YM, et al: Genetic and clinical mosaicism in a type of epidermal nevus. (karger.com)
  • Some doctors use the term "atypical mole" to refer to a dysplastic nevus. (cancer.gov)
  • Most of the time, the overriding reasons to remove a congenital pigmented nevus are first to reduce melanoma risk and second to improve appearance which can be fundamental to improving a patient's overall psychosocial state. (nevus.org)
  • Although information about congenital pigmented nevus removal is often the first thing a new nevus parent wishes to learn about, removal is certainly not always the best option. (nevus.org)
  • A congenital pigmented or melanocytic nevus is a dark-colored, often hairy, patch of skin. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Solomon LM, Esterly NB: Epidermal and other congenital organoid nevi. (karger.com)
  • They are called dysplastic nevi. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some examples of dysplastic nevi are shown here. (cancer.gov)
  • Some people have only a couple of dysplastic nevi, but other people have more than 10. (cancer.gov)
  • However, dysplastic nevi are a risk factor for developing melanoma, and the more dysplastic nevi a person has, the greater their risk of developing melanoma ( 1 , 3 ). (cancer.gov)
  • Researchers estimate that the risk of melanoma is about 10 times greater for someone with more than five dysplastic nevi than for someone who has none. (cancer.gov)
  • Everyone should protect their skin from the sun and stay away from sunlamps and tanning booths, but for people who have dysplastic nevi, it is even more important to protect the skin and avoid getting a suntan or sunburn. (cancer.gov)
  • In addition, many doctors recommend that people with dysplastic nevi check their skin once a month ( 2 , 4 ). (cancer.gov)
  • Nevus (PL: nevi) is a nonspecific medical term for a visible, circumscribed, chronic lesion of the skin or mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nevus araneus is a bright red, faintly pulsatile vascular lesion consisting of a central arteriole with slender projections resembling spider legs. (merckmanuals.com)
  • the risk of developing neurocutaneous melanocytosis correlates best with the number of satellite nevi. (medscape.com)
  • Lentigines, nevi, and melanomas. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Conjunctival melanomas may be associated with primary acquired melanosis (75%) or may arise from a preexisting nevus or de novo. (medscape.com)
  • Background/aims To gain more knowledge about presence and dermatological associations of iris nevi as well as possible pathways involved in the formation of iris nevi. (bmj.com)
  • Of those, 26 subjects revealed 27 iris nevi. (bmj.com)
  • Notably, five of these six peculiar (incomplete sectoral) iris nevi were located on the upper half of the iris. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Based on our findings we propose classifying iris nevi into sectoral, incomplete sectoral and solitary subtypes. (bmj.com)
  • The lifetime risk of malignant transformation associated with smaller nevi is surely smaller than that for giant nevi but is unknown at this time. (medscape.com)
  • Larger or giant nevi are rare. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Skin cancer may develop in some people with large or giant nevi. (stlukes-stl.com)
  • Compound nevus is a type of mole made up of pigment cells. (medicinenet.com)
  • A dysplastic nevus is a type of mole that looks different from a common mole. (cancer.gov)
  • Established through the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, NEVI will provide $5 billion over five years to support the development of EV charging infrastructure across the nation's highways, including almost 1000 miles of roadway in Hawai'i. (globenewswire.com)
  • The upper dermis showed underdeveloped hair follicles with sebaceous glands, consistent with sebaceous nevus. (mendeley.com)
  • A nevus (a benign tumor) is commonly found on the skin of other parts of the human body. (eyecancer.com)
  • Nevus sebaceous is a rare benign tumor in children that usually presents with warty patches of hair loss on the scalp. (medscape.com)
  • The term nevus is applied to a number of conditions caused by neoplasias and hyperplasias of melanocytes, as well as a number of pigmentation disorders, both hypermelanotic (containing increased melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color) and hypomelanotic (containing decreased melanin). (wikipedia.org)
  • It can arise in previously unblemished and unpigmented regions (approximately 10% of cases), from a preexisting nevus (about 20% of cases), or the flat, spreading pigmentation of primary acquired melanosis with atypia (60%-70% of cases). (medscape.com)
  • It also has been proposed that an abnormality in endothelial adhesion molecule induction (E selectin expression) may be involved, suggesting several pharmacologic anomalies are involved and further supporting the idea that nevus anemicus may best be termed a pharmacologic nevus. (medscape.com)
  • The resulting state-of-the-art classification of nevi could impact patient care since different nevus subsets may vary in associated melanoma risk. (europa.eu)
  • The Electrification Coalition (EC) applauds the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WIDOT) for submitting its National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) state plan. (electrificationcoalition.org)
  • EV charger manufacturer Tritium will provide fast chargers for the State of Hawaii's first round of National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure (NEVI) Formula Program funding. (chargedevs.com)
  • We will image with RCM common nevi from the back and legs of patients and characterize nevus subsets that show distinctive RCM patterns. (europa.eu)
  • More precise characterization of nevi in patients will identify individuals at high melanoma risk that would be prime target for screening and intervention efforts. (europa.eu)
  • thus if any change is seen within the nevus sebaceous, the patients should seek medical advice. (medscape.com)
  • 1064 nm Q switched Nd: YAG laser treatment of nevus of Ota: An Indian open label prospective study of 50 patients. (who.int)
  • Methods: Fifty patients of nevus of Ota underwent multiple treatments (average 5 sessions) at monthly intervals carried out over a period of 2 years with QSNYL (Med-lite C6). (who.int)
  • Conclusions: QSNYL is an easy-to-perform and effective treatment in cases of nevus of Ota in Indian patients with few side effects. (who.int)
  • Common terms, including mole, birthmark, and beauty mark, are used to describe nevi, but these terms do not distinguish specific types of nevi from one another. (wikipedia.org)
  • These findings indicate that p16 is a reliable marker to distinguish lymph-node nevi from melanoma metastasis. (uzh.ch)
  • A dysplastic nevus may be bigger than a common mole, and its color, surface, and border may be different. (cancer.gov)
  • Common sense dictates that it's likely that having a large congenital melanocytic nevus increases the chances of skin cancer, but 'how much? (nevus.org)
  • A nevus is a common, colored growth on or in your eye. (optos.com)
  • It is important to note that eyelid nevi can slowly grow, and that change is particularly common during puberty. (eyecancer.com)
  • As with other epidermal nevi, the most common sites are the face, the trunk, and proximal extremities. (medscape.com)
  • Becker nevus (BN) is a common benign condition occurring most often in young men, much more often than in women. (cdlib.org)
  • Background: Nevus of Ota is very common in Asians. (who.int)
  • Intraoral blå nevus finnes ofte hos kvinner mellom tretti og femti år, med en gjennomsnittsalder på 38 år (8). (tannlegetidende.no)
  • Intraoral undersøkelse viste en grå-blå, oval, ikke palpasjonsøm flekk med jevn overflate, 12 mm x 6 mm i størrelse, med noe diffus avgrensning (Figur 1). (tannlegetidende.no)
  • In September 2022, the Federal Highway Administration approved Hawai'i's Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Deployment Plan, granting the state access to $2.6 million of NEVI funding in FY2022. (globenewswire.com)
  • Post-zygotic mutations in FGFR2 have also been identified in mosaic forms of acne, keratinocytic epidermal nevi, nevoid acanthosis nigricans/rounded and velvety epidermal nevus (RAVEN). (aad.org)
  • Nevi can be melanotic "dark" like this one, or amelanotic "light-colored. (eyecancer.com)