Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Compulsive Behavior
Compulsive Personality Disorder
Implosive Therapy
Tourette Syndrome
Fluvoxamine
Obsessive Behavior
Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Cognitive Therapy
Mental Disorders
Depressive Disorder
Comorbidity
Severity of Illness Index
Codependency (Psychology)
Clomipramine
Tic Disorders
Somatoform Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Personality Inventory
Impulse Control Disorders
Obsessive Hoarding
A cost-effective approach to the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. (1/695)
In light of the tremendous expansion in the number of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors available to the clinician, the Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee of the Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center considered the advantages and disadvantages of fluoxethine, paroxetine, and sertraline, to determine which agent or agents would be carried on the formulary. The committed recommended sertraline as the preferred agent for the treatment of depression, panic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the economic outcome of that decision. The study population consisted of patients at the medical center who were receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors during January through March of 1994 and those were receiving these agents between September 1995 and January 1996. The expanded collection period in 1995-96 was due to a relatively new medical center policy to offer 90-day fills on medication to reduce costs. The extended collection period assured a 100% sample of patients receiving these agents. The 1994 fluoxetine to sertraline dosage equivalency ratio was 20 mg:55.6 mg, based on average daily doses of fluoxetine and sertraline of 32.7 and 90.9 mg, respectively. The cost to the medical center for an average daily dose of fluoxetine was $1.86; sertraline cost $1.22 per day. The 1996 fluoxetine to sertraline dosage equivalency ratio (20 mg:51.3 mg) had not changed significantly since 1994, indicating that the dose of 20 mg of fluoxetine remained very close to a 50-mg dose of sertraline. The average daily doses of fluoxetine and sertraline (34.9 mg and 89.7 mg, respectively) were not significantly different than the 1994 doses. Only 33 patients had been prescribed paroxetine (average daily dose, 32.4 mg). On the basis of these values, the average daily cost of fluoxetine to the medical center was $2.01, compared with $1.18 for sertraline and $1.24 for paroxetine. This $0.83 per patient per day drug acquisition cost difference between fluoxetine and sertraline results in a drug cost reduction of $302,674 per year. (+info)Clarifying an ambiguous functional analysis with matched and mismatched extinction procedures. (2/695)
Results of functional analysis were ambiguous in suggesting that self-injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by escape, sensory reinforcement, or both. To help clarify these results, we compared escape extinction, sensory extinction, and the combined treatments. Sensory extinction proved to be a necessary and sufficient treatment, whereas escape extinction failed to decrease SIB. These analyses helped to clarify the function of SIB and to identify an effective and efficient treatment. (+info)OCD-Like behaviors caused by a neuropotentiating transgene targeted to cortical and limbic D1+ neurons. (3/695)
To study the behavioral role of neurons containing the D1 dopamine receptor (D1+), we have used a genetic neurostimulatory approach. We generated transgenic mice that express an intracellular form of cholera toxin (CT), a neuropotentiating enzyme that chronically activates stimulatory G-protein (Gs) signal transduction and cAMP synthesis, under the control of the D1 promoter. Because the D1 promoter, like other CNS-expressed promoters, confers transgene expression that is regionally restricted to different D1+ CNS subsets in different transgenic lines, we observed distinct but related psychomotor disorders in different D1CT-expressing founders. In a D1CT line in which transgene expression was restricted to the following D1+ CNS regions-the piriform cortex layer II, layers II-III of somatosensory cortical areas, and the intercalated nucleus of the amygdala-D1CT mice showed normal CNS and D1+ neural architecture but increased cAMP content in whole extracts of the piriform and somatosensory cortex. These mice also exhibited a constellation of compulsive behavioral abnormalities that strongly resembled human cortical-limbic-induced compulsive disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These compulsive behaviors included episodes of perseverance or repetition of any and all normal behaviors, repetitive nonaggressive biting of siblings during grooming, and repetitive leaping. These results suggest that chronic potentiation of cortical and limbic D1+ neurons thought to induce glutamatergic output to the striatum causes behaviors reminiscent of those in human cortical-limbic-induced compulsive disorders. (+info)Serotonin and drug-induced therapeutic responses in major depression, obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders. (4/695)
The therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in major depression was discovered by pure serendipity. It took over 20 years before the neurobiological modifications that could mediate the antidepressive response were put into evidence. Indeed, whereas the immediate biochemical effects of these drugs had been well documented, their antidepressant action generally does not become apparent before 2 to 3 weeks of treatment. The different classes of antidepressant treatments were subsequently shown to enhance serotonin neurotransmission albeit via different pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. Clinical trials based on this hypothesis led to the development of treatment strategies producing greater efficacy and more rapid onset of antidepressant action; that, is lithium addition and pindolol combination, respectively. It is expected that the better understanding recently obtained of the mechanism of action of certain antidepressant drugs in obsessive-compulsive and panic disorders will also lead to more effective treatment strategies for those disorders. (+info)A complete genome screen in sib pairs affected by Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. The Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium for Genetics. (5/695)
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by waxing and waning multiple motor and phonic tics with a complex mode of inheritance. Previous attempts, which used large multigenerational families to localize susceptibility loci, have been unsuccessful. In this report, the results of the first systematic genome scan, using 76 affected-sib-pair families with a total of 110 sib pairs, are summarized. While no results reached acceptable statistical significance, the multipoint maximum-likelihood scores (MLS) for two regions (4q and 8p) were suggestive (MLS > 2.0). Four additional genomic regions also gave multipoint MLS scores between 1.0 and 2.0. (+info)Localized orbitofrontal and subcortical metabolic changes and predictors of response to paroxetine treatment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. (6/695)
Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have found elevated glucose metabolic rates in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and caudate nuclei that normalize with response to treatment. Furthermore, OCD symptom provocation differentially activates specific subregions of the OFC, which have distinct patterns of connectivity and serve different functions. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of specific subregions of the OFC and associated subcortical structures in mediating OCD symptoms, by determining how glucose metabolism in these structures changed with paroxetine treatment of OCD patients. We also sought to determine whether pretreatment OFC metabolism would predict response to paroxetine, as it has for other OCD treatments. Twenty subjects with OCD received [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET scans before and after 8 to 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine, 40 mg/day. In patients who responded to paroxetine, glucose metabolism decreased significantly in right anterolateral OFC and right caudate nucleus. Lower pretreatment metabolism in both left and right OFC predicted greater improvement in OCD severity with treatment. These results add to evidence indicating that orbitofrontal-subcortical circuit function mediates the symptomatic expression of OCD. Specific subregions of the OFC may be differentially involved in the pathophysiology of OCD and/or its response to pharmacotherapy. (+info)Psychotic episodes during zonisamide treatment. (7/695)
Several articles have appeared over the last years devoted to mental side effects during zonisamide (ZNS) treatment. In this study, we were particularly interested in psychotic episodes. Seventy-four epileptic patients with a history of ZNS treatment were surveyed retrospectively over the period spanning 1 March 1984 to 30 June 1994. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of psychotic episodes during ZNS treatment. We analysed various factors pertaining to psychotic episodes during ZNS treatment. Of the 74 patients 14 had psychotic episodes. We found that the incidence of psychotic episodes during ZNS treatment was several times higher than the previously reported prevalence of epileptic psychosis, and that the risk of psychotic episodes was higher in young patients. In 13 patients, psychotic episodes occurred within a few years of commencement of ZNS. In children, obsessive-compulsive symptoms appeared to be related to psychotic episodes. It is important to terminate ZNS as soon as possible if psychotic episodes develop and never restart, even if seizures become worse. It cannot definitely be proved that ZNS causes psychotic episodes, as information on mental side effects during ZNS monotherapy is scant, but it does appear likely that ZNS contributes to psychotic episodes during polytherapy. (+info)Obsessive-compulsive disorder and delusions revisited. (8/695)
BACKGROUND: The concept of fixed, unshakeable (delusional) beliefs within the context of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one that has received varying amounts of attention in the literature, and has not yet received universal acknowledgement. There are good grounds for including these cases within the diagnostic concepts of OCD, with significant implications for clinical management. AIMS: To present cases with unusual OCD, in order to re-evaluate the issue of delusions and OCD. METHOD: The cases of five subjects with delusions in the course of obsessive-compulsive disorder are presented to illustrate 'delusional' OCD. The management and outcome of these cases are discussed. RESULTS: Fixity and bizarreness of beliefs in OCD occur on a continuum from 'none' to 'delusional intensity' and may fluctuate within subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The idea that these cases may represent a form of OCD has implications for management, as, if this is correct, they should be able to respond to appropriate behavioural and/or pharmacological strategies used in OCD. (+info)Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive, unwanted, and often distressing. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules, and which are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation. These obsessions and/or compulsions cause significant distress, take up a lot of time (an hour or more a day), and interfere with the individual's daily life, including social activities, relationships, and work or school performance. OCD is considered a type of anxiety disorder and can also co-occur with other mental health conditions.
Compulsive behavior is a type of repetitive behavior that an individual feels driven to perform, despite its negative impact on their daily life and mental health. It is often driven by an overwhelming urge or anxiety, and the person may experience distress if they are unable to carry out the behavior. Compulsive behaviors can be associated with various psychiatric conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder, eating disorders, and impulse control disorders.
Examples of compulsive behaviors include:
1. Excessive handwashing or cleaning
2. Repeatedly checking locks, light switches, or appliances
3. Ordering or arranging items in a specific way
4. Compulsive hoarding
5. Compulsive shopping or spending
6. Compulsive eating or purging behaviors (such as those seen in bulimia nervosa)
7. Compulsive sexual behavior (sex addiction)
8. Compulsive exercise
9. Compulsive hair pulling (trichotillomania)
10. Compulsive skin picking (excoriation disorder)
Treatment for compulsive behaviors typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy), and lifestyle changes to help manage the underlying causes and reduce the urge to engage in the compulsive behavior.
Compulsive Personality Disorder (CPD) is a mental health condition characterized by an obsessive need for order, control, and perfection, which can interfere with the individual's ability to function in daily life. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), classifies CPD as a type of personality disorder.
The following are some of the diagnostic criteria for Compulsive Personality Disorder:
1. Rigid adherence to rules, regulations, and schedules.
2. Overconscientiousness, preoccupation with details, and perfectionism that interferes with task completion.
3. Excessive devotion to work and productivity at the expense of leisure activities and friendships.
4. Unwillingness to delegate tasks or to work with others unless they submit to exactly the individual's way of doing things.
5. Rigidity and stubbornness.
6. Inability to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value.
7. Reluctance to take vacations or engage in leisure activities due to a fear of something unexpected happening that would disrupt the individual's routine.
8. Overly restrained and inhibited in expressing emotions and affection towards others.
Individuals with CPD may experience significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, and other areas of functioning due to their rigid and inflexible behavior. Treatment typically involves psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which can help individuals learn more adaptive ways of thinking and behaving. In some cases, medication may also be recommended to manage symptoms of anxiety or depression that often co-occur with CPD.
I am not able to find a medical definition for "implosive therapy" as it is not a widely recognized or established term in the field of medicine or psychotherapy. It may be a term specific to certain alternative or unconventional approaches, and I would recommend conducting further research to find more information from reliable sources.
However, in the context of psychotherapy, "implosive therapy" is a technique that was developed by psychiatrist Arnold A. Lazarus as a part of his multimodal therapy approach. It involves the use of imaginal exposure to feared stimuli or situations in order to reduce anxiety and avoidance behaviors. The therapist asks the client to vividly imagine a hierarchy of anxiety-provoking scenarios, starting with less distressing ones and gradually moving towards more anxiety-provoking ones. This process is repeated until the anxiety response to the imagined scenarios decreases or disappears.
It's important to note that implosive therapy should be administered by a qualified mental health professional who has received proper training in this technique, as it can potentially lead to increased distress if not conducted appropriately.
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic. These tics are sudden, repetitive, rapid, involuntary movements or sounds that occur for more than a year and are not due to substance use or other medical conditions. The symptoms typically start before the age of 18, with the average onset around 6-7 years old.
The severity, frequency, and types of tics can vary greatly among individuals with TS and may change over time. Common motor tics include eye blinking, facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, and head or limb jerking. Vocal tics can range from simple sounds like throat clearing, coughing, or barking to more complex phrases or words.
In some cases, TS may be accompanied by co-occurring conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and depression. These associated symptoms can sometimes have a greater impact on daily functioning than the tics themselves.
The exact cause of Tourette Syndrome remains unclear, but it is believed to involve genetic factors and abnormalities in certain brain regions involved in movement control and inhibition. There is currently no cure for TS, but various treatments, including behavioral therapy and medications, can help manage the symptoms and improve quality of life.
Fluvoxamine is a type of antidepressant known as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It works by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps maintain mental balance. Fluvoxamine is primarily used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may also be prescribed for other conditions such as depression, panic disorder, or social anxiety disorder.
The medical definition of Fluvoxamine can be stated as:
Fluvoxamine maleate, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is a psychotropic medication used primarily in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It functions by increasing the availability of serotonin in the synaptic cleft, which subsequently modulates neurotransmission and helps restore emotional balance. Fluvoxamine may also be employed off-label for managing other conditions, such as depression, panic disorder, or social anxiety disorder, subject to clinical judgment and patient needs.
Obsessive behavior is defined in the medical context as repetitive, persistent, and intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that cause distress or anxiety. These obsessions are not simply excessive worries about real-life problems, but rather they are irrational and uncontrollable. Often, individuals with obsessive behavior attempt to ignore or suppress their obsessions, which can lead to increased distress and anxiety. In some cases, the obsessions may become so overwhelming that they interfere with a person's daily life and ability to function.
Obsessive behavior is a key feature of several mental health conditions, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and hoarding disorder. In these conditions, the obsessions are often accompanied by compulsive behaviors that are performed in an attempt to alleviate the anxiety or distress caused by the obsessions.
It is important to note that everyone experiences unwanted thoughts or urges from time to time. However, when these thoughts become so frequent and distressing that they interfere with a person's daily life, it may be indicative of an underlying mental health condition. In such cases, it is recommended to seek professional help from a qualified mental health provider.
Serotonin uptake inhibitors (also known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or SSRIs) are a class of medications primarily used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. They work by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep, among other functions.
SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin into the presynaptic neuron, allowing more serotonin to be available in the synapse (the space between two neurons) for binding to postsynaptic receptors. This results in increased serotonergic neurotransmission and improved mood regulation.
Examples of SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), citalopram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro). These medications are generally well-tolerated, with side effects that may include nausea, headache, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, and increased anxiety or agitation. However, they can have serious interactions with other medications, so it is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting an SSRI.
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales are standardized assessment tools used by mental health professionals to evaluate and rate the severity of a person's psychiatric symptoms and functioning. These scales provide a systematic and structured approach to measuring various aspects of an individual's mental health, such as mood, anxiety, psychosis, behavior, and cognitive abilities.
The purpose of using Psychiatric Status Rating Scales is to:
1. Assess the severity and improvement of psychiatric symptoms over time.
2. Aid in diagnostic decision-making and treatment planning.
3. Monitor treatment response and adjust interventions accordingly.
4. Facilitate communication among mental health professionals about a patient's status.
5. Provide an objective basis for research and epidemiological studies.
Examples of Psychiatric Status Rating Scales include:
1. Clinical Global Impression (CGI): A brief, subjective rating scale that measures overall illness severity, treatment response, and improvement.
2. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): A comprehensive scale used to assess the symptoms of psychosis, including positive, negative, and general psychopathology domains.
3. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) or Montgomery-Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Scales used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms.
4. Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS): A scale used to assess the severity of manic or hypomanic symptoms.
5. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) or Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R): Scales that measure a broad range of psychiatric symptoms and psychopathology.
6. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF): A scale used to rate an individual's overall psychological, social, and occupational functioning on a hypothetical continuum of mental health-illness.
It is important to note that Psychiatric Status Rating Scales should be administered by trained mental health professionals to ensure accurate and reliable results.
Cognitive Therapy (CT) is a type of psychotherapeutic treatment that helps patients understand the thoughts and feelings that influence behaviors. It is a form of talk therapy where the therapist and the patient work together to identify and change negative or distorted thinking patterns and beliefs, with the goal of improving emotional response and behavior.
Cognitive Therapy is based on the idea that our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are all interconnected, and that negative or inaccurate thoughts can contribute to problems like anxiety and depression. By identifying and challenging these thoughts, patients can learn to think more realistically and positively, which can lead to improvements in their mood and behavior.
In cognitive therapy sessions, the therapist will help the patient identify negative thought patterns and replace them with healthier, more accurate ways of thinking. The therapist may also assign homework or exercises for the patient to practice between sessions, such as keeping a thought record or challenging negative thoughts.
Cognitive Therapy has been shown to be effective in treating a wide range of mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is often used in combination with other forms of treatment, such as medication, and can be delivered individually or in group settings.
Anxiety disorders are a category of mental health disorders characterized by feelings of excessive and persistent worry, fear, or anxiety that interfere with daily activities. They include several different types of disorders, such as:
1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): This is characterized by chronic and exaggerated worry and tension, even when there is little or nothing to provoke it.
2. Panic Disorder: This is characterized by recurring unexpected panic attacks and fear of experiencing more panic attacks.
3. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Also known as social phobia, this is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of social situations due to feelings of embarrassment, self-consciousness, and concern about being judged or viewed negatively by others.
4. Phobias: These are intense, irrational fears of certain objects, places, or situations. When a person with a phobia encounters the object or situation they fear, they may experience panic attacks or other severe anxiety responses.
5. Agoraphobia: This is a fear of being in places where it may be difficult to escape or get help if one has a panic attack or other embarrassing or incapacitating symptoms.
6. Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD): This is characterized by excessive anxiety about separation from home or from people to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment (such as a parent, sibling, or partner).
7. Selective Mutism: This is a disorder where a child becomes mute in certain situations, such as at school, but can speak normally at home or with close family members.
These disorders are treatable with a combination of medication and psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral therapy, exposure therapy). It's important to seek professional help if you suspect that you or someone you know may have an anxiety disorder.
A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. It's associated with distress and/or impaired functioning in social, occupational, or other important areas of life, often leading to a decrease in quality of life. These disorders are typically persistent and can be severe and disabling. They may be related to factors such as genetics, early childhood experiences, or trauma. Examples include depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. It's important to note that a diagnosis should be made by a qualified mental health professional.
A depressive disorder is a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities. It can also include changes in sleep, appetite, energy levels, concentration, and self-esteem, as well as thoughts of death or suicide. Depressive disorders can vary in severity and duration, with some people experiencing mild and occasional symptoms, while others may have severe and chronic symptoms that interfere with their ability to function in daily life.
There are several types of depressive disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder (PDD), and postpartum depression. MDD is characterized by symptoms that interfere significantly with a person's ability to function and last for at least two weeks, while PDD involves chronic low-grade depression that lasts for two years or more. Postpartum depression occurs in women after childbirth and can range from mild to severe.
Depressive disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy (talk therapy), and lifestyle changes.
Comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional health conditions or diseases alongside a primary illness or condition. These co-occurring health issues can have an impact on the treatment plan, prognosis, and overall healthcare management of an individual. Comorbidities often interact with each other and the primary condition, leading to more complex clinical situations and increased healthcare needs. It is essential for healthcare professionals to consider and address comorbidities to provide comprehensive care and improve patient outcomes.
A Severity of Illness Index is a measurement tool used in healthcare to assess the severity of a patient's condition and the risk of mortality or other adverse outcomes. These indices typically take into account various physiological and clinical variables, such as vital signs, laboratory values, and co-morbidities, to generate a score that reflects the patient's overall illness severity.
Examples of Severity of Illness Indices include the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) system, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS), and the Mortality Probability Model (MPM). These indices are often used in critical care settings to guide clinical decision-making, inform prognosis, and compare outcomes across different patient populations.
It is important to note that while these indices can provide valuable information about a patient's condition, they should not be used as the sole basis for clinical decision-making. Rather, they should be considered in conjunction with other factors, such as the patient's overall clinical presentation, treatment preferences, and goals of care.
Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant drug that is primarily used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It works by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, in the brain. These neurotransmitters are involved in regulating mood and behavior.
Clomipramine is also used off-label to treat other conditions, including panic disorder, depression, chronic pain, and sleep disorders. It is available as a tablet or capsule and is typically taken one to three times a day. Common side effects of clomipramine include dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness, and drowsiness.
As with all medications, clomipramine should be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider, who can monitor its effectiveness and potential side effects. It is important to follow the dosage instructions carefully and to report any unusual symptoms or concerns to the healthcare provider promptly.
Tic disorders are a group of conditions characterized by the presence of repetitive, involuntary movements or sounds, known as tics. These movements or sounds can vary in complexity and severity, and they may be worsened by stress or strong emotions.
There are several different types of tic disorders, including:
1. Tourette's disorder: This is a neurological condition characterized by the presence of both motor (movement-related) and vocal tics that have been present for at least one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
2. Persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorder: This type of tic disorder is characterized by the presence of either motor or vocal tics (but not both), which have been present for at least one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
3. Provisional tic disorder: This type of tic disorder is characterized by the presence of motor or vocal tics (or both) that have been present for less than one year. The tics may wax and wane in severity over time, but they do not disappear for more than three consecutive months.
4. Tic disorder not otherwise specified: This category is used to describe tic disorders that do not meet the criteria for any of the other types of tic disorders.
Tic disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and they often co-occur with other conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Treatment for tic disorders may include behavioral therapy, medication, or a combination of both.
Somatoform disorders are a group of psychological disorders characterized by the presence of physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by a medical condition or substance abuse. These symptoms cause significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The individual's belief about the symptoms is not consistent with the medical evaluation and often leads to excessive or repeated medical evaluations.
Examples of somatoform disorders include:
1. Somatization disorder: characterized by multiple physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically, affecting several parts of the body.
2. Conversion disorder: characterized by the presence of one or more neurological symptoms (such as blindness, paralysis, or difficulty swallowing) that cannot be explained medically and appear to have a psychological origin.
3. Pain disorder: characterized by chronic pain that is not fully explained by a medical condition.
4. Hypochondriasis: characterized by an excessive preoccupation with having a serious illness, despite reassurance from medical professionals.
5. Body dysmorphic disorder: characterized by the obsessive idea that some aspect of one's own body part or appearance is severely flawed and warrants exceptional measures to hide or fix it.
It's important to note that these disorders are not caused by intentional deceit or malingering, but rather reflect a genuine belief in the presence of physical symptoms and distress related to them.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a publication of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) that provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is widely used by mental health professionals in the United States and around the world to diagnose and classify mental health conditions.
The DSM includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, clinical examples, and specific criteria for each disorder, which are intended to facilitate accurate diagnosis and improve communication among mental health professionals. The manual is regularly updated to reflect current research and clinical practice, with the most recent edition being the DSM-5, published in 2013.
It's important to note that while the DSM is a valuable tool for mental health professionals, it is not without controversy. Some critics argue that the manual medicalizes normal human experiences and that its categories may be too broad or overlapping. Nonetheless, it remains an essential resource for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in the field of mental health.
A Personality Inventory is a standardized test used in psychology to assess an individual's personality traits and characteristics. It typically consists of a series of multiple-choice questions or statements that the respondent must rate according to their level of agreement or disagreement. The inventory measures various aspects of an individual's behavior, attitudes, and temperament, providing a quantifiable score that can be compared to normative data to help diagnose personality disorders, assess personal strengths and weaknesses, or provide insights into an individual's likely responses to different situations. Examples of well-known personality inventories include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the California Psychological Inventory (CPI).
Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) are a group of psychiatric conditions characterized by the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to oneself or others. This leads to negative consequences such as distress, anxiety, or disruption in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) recognizes several specific ICDs, including:
1. Kleptomania - the recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items, even though they are not needed for personal use or financial gain.
2. Pyromania - the deliberate and purposeful fire-setting on more than one occasion.
3. Intermittent Explosive Disorder - recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses, resulting in serious assaultive acts or destruction of property.
4. Pathological Gambling - persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family, or vocational pursuits.
5. Internet Gaming Disorder - the excessive and prolonged use of the internet for gaming, which leads to clinically significant impairment or distress.
These disorders are typically associated with a range of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that can vary depending on the specific disorder and individual presentation. Treatment often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and self-help strategies to manage symptoms and improve overall functioning.
Obsessive Hoarding, also known as Hoarding Disorder, is defined in the medical field as a persistent difficulty in discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value. This results in an accumulation of items that fill up and clutter living areas to the point where they become difficult to use. The hoarding behavior causes significant distress and impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. It is also often associated with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety.
Psychometrics is a branch of psychology that deals with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, such as the development and standardization of tests used to measure intelligence, aptitude, personality, attitudes, and other mental abilities or traits. It involves the construction and validation of measurement instruments, including the determination of their reliability and validity, and the application of statistical methods to analyze test data and interpret results. The ultimate goal of psychometrics is to provide accurate, objective, and meaningful measurements that can be used to understand individual differences and make informed decisions in educational, clinical, and organizational settings.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Relationship obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
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Primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder
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University of Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Program
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Obsessive-compulsive spectrum
Anxiety disorder
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Chromosome 17
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Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
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Generalized anxiety disorder
Spectrum disorder
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Body dysmorphic disorder
Naser Mestarihi
Psychotherapy
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A dimensional perspective on the genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder | Translational Psychiatry
Welcome ! Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Summary | HealthyPlace
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - OCD - At Health
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) | HealthyPlace
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic
Overview | Obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: treatment | Guidance | NICE
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - Center for Young Women's Health
Exposure and Response Prevention for Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Living With...:Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | K12 Academics
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (for Teens) - Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago
APA - Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER - Daycare.com
APA - Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Types Of Treatment For Obsessive-Compulsive And Related Disorders
Managing Medications: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | Dual Diagnosis
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Youth: Assessment and Treatment | Psychiatrist.com
Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Compulsions20
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function. (wikipedia.org)
- People with OCD may only perform mental compulsions, this is called primarily obsessional obsessive-compulsive disorder (Pure O). Many adults with OCD are aware that their compulsions do not make sense, but they perform them anyway to relieve the distress caused by obsessions. (wikipedia.org)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by features called obsessions and compulsions. (medlineplus.gov)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD ) is one of a number of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders that has irresistible ideas or images (obsessions) and/or specific rituals/behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that may be driven by obsessions as characteristics of the illness. (medicinenet.com)
- If mental compulsions and behavioral or verbal rituals have you concerned about obsessive-compulsive disorder, here's what to know. (psychcentral.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder usually includes both obsessions and compulsions. (mayoclinic.org)
- Children with obsessive-compulsive disorder may have little insight into their obsessions and compulsions, requiring clinicians to provide age-appropriate education, motivation, and therapy. (psychiatrist.com)
- According to the National Institute of Mental Health, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder characterized by obsessions, anxiety , and compulsions. (psychguides.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder that includes obsessions, compulsions, or both. (merckmanuals.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a distressing and often debilitating disorder characterized by obsessions, compulsions, or both that are time-consuming and cause impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. (hindawi.com)
- The cardinal features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) include obsessions, compulsions, or both that are time-consuming and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, persistent, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images (obsessions) and/or by repetitive behaviors or repetitive mental acts that patients feel driven to do (compulsions, rituals) to try to lessen or prevent the anxiety the obsessions cause. (msdmanuals.com)
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by obsessions, compulsions, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
- Compulsions (often called rituals) are excessive, repetitive, purposeful behaviors that people feel they must do to prevent or reduce the anxiety caused by their obsessive thoughts or to neutralize their obsessions. (msdmanuals.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic, and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts ("obsessions") and/or behaviors ("compulsions") that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over. (mhanys.org)
- Compulsions are repetitive behaviors that a person with OCD feels the urge to do in response to an obsessive thought. (mhanys.org)
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health disorder in which an individual experiences distressing cycles of obsessions and compulsions. (family-institute.org)
- Compulsions are the outward manifestations of the hidden obsessive thoughts. (mindchamps-alliedcare.com)
- Rituals or compulsions are actions that help stop or ease the obsessive thoughts. (saintpetershcs.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD is an anxiety condition where a person is bombarded with seemingly uncontrollable thoughts, urges, or compulsions. (dynamicbreakthroughs.com)
Behavior6
- In this situation, OCD medication is required to control your obsessive behavior. (dualdiagnosis.org)
- Obsessions cause intense anxiety to build up until carrying out the associated compulsive behavior provides temporary relief. (psychguides.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder of both the brain and behavior. (butler.org)
- Based on the records kept during the cognitive-behavioral treatment, a reduction in the frequency of her compulsive behavior was observed. (bvsalud.org)
- Patients affected by this disorder need an adequate approach during dental attendance due to an increase in anxiety, medications used in the treatment of OCD and, possibly, due to compulsive behavior. (bvsalud.org)
- Encouraging good oral hygiene (monitoring for compulsive cleaning behavior) associated with the use of fluoride gels and creams, antiseptic mouthwashes, and frequent visits to the dentist can reduce the incidence of rampant dental caries, periodontal disease, and other disorders associated with deficiencies in the production of saliva. (bvsalud.org)
Adolescents4
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood and is seen in as many as 1 in 200 children and adolescents. (daycare.com)
- Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome in Children and Adolescents Tics are defined as repeated, sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic muscle movements including sounds or vocalizations. (msdmanuals.com)
- OCD is a common disorder that affects adults, adolescents, and children all over the world. (mhanys.org)
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder which affects from 1 to 2% of the population of children and adolescents. (bvsalud.org)
Depression7
- Some people with OCD have additional mental health disorders such as generalized anxiety, depression , phobias, panic disorders, or schizophrenia . (medlineplus.gov)
- A medication used to treat conditions such as depression and reduced libido, insomnia (obsessive-compulsive disorder) and erectile dysfunction as well as increase libido, it is a drug included in OCD medications. (dualdiagnosis.org)
- 5 Knowing they're doing something beyond their control tends to enhance the anxiety associated with the condition and negatively impacts self-esteem, leading to isolation and other mental health disorders , such as depression . (psychguides.com)
- Neurosurgical procedures can help patients suffering from treatment-resistant psychiatric and neurological conditions including OCD, depression, Tourette's and movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. (butler.org)
- Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder that has periods of depression and periods of mania. (merckmanuals.com)
- Sometimes people with OCD also have other mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and body dysmorphic disorder, a disorder in which someone mistakenly believes that a part of their body is abnormal. (mhanys.org)
- They constitute five of the 10 leading causes of disability worldwide: major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, alcohol dependence and obsessive compulsive disorders. (who.int)
OCPD13
- While it is sometimes confused with OCD, characteristics of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) include perfectionism and an unyielding expectation that the sufferer and others will adhere to a rigid set of rules. (medicinenet.com)
- Description of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) and the perfectionists and workaholics who suffer from it. (healthyplace.com)
- People with the Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) are concerned (worried and anxious) about maintaining control and about being seen to be maintaining it. (healthyplace.com)
- Estimated to be twice as common as any other personality disorder, OCPD is nevertheless both underrepresented in the literature and frequently misunderstood by clinicians and the patients who grapple with its effects. (appi.org)
- From there, the text addresses the developmental aspects of OCPD and then considers other related personality disorders that frequently co-occur with or may be mistaken for OCPD. (appi.org)
- Four chapters focus on common mental health disorders that can be difficult to differentiate from OCPD, with the most common misdiagnoses being obsessive-compulsive disorder and hoarding disorder. (appi.org)
- OCPD has also been linked with eating disorders, impulse disorders, and aggression, and the book helps the reader understand the relationship between and among these disorders. (appi.org)
- Gender and/or cultural factors may influence the presentation of psychiatric disorders, including OCPD, and the book explores the potentially heterogeneous etiology of the disorder and the danger of assuming that one size fits all in terms of treatment. (appi.org)
- OCPD can be trying for family members and others who care about the patient, and the book offers a chapter examining what loved ones can do to help, including how to recognize when a personality trait within the OCPD criteria rises to the level of a disorder. (appi.org)
- Down-to-earth, clinically rich, and unique, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder will help clinicians navigate the thorny OCPD assessment, diagnosis, and treatment path while providing information and comfort to patients and their families. (appi.org)
- Not to be confused with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a different mental health condition impacting between 2.1 to 7.9% of the general population. (addictionhelp.com)
- The American Psychiatric Association (APA) defines obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) as a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. (addictionhelp.com)
- Outsiders may perceive a person's OCPD personality traits as stubbornness or a personal failing, not understanding that obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is an actual medical condition versus a simple personality issue. (addictionhelp.com)
Anxiety disorder11
- Other disorders with similar symptoms include generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, eating disorders, tic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. (wikipedia.org)
- OCD is basically an anxiety disorder, where obsession occurs first (which is basically recurrent thoughts). (dailymail.co.uk)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a type of anxiety disorder. (stanfordchildrens.org)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder involving intrusive and reoccurring thoughts and actions. (psychguides.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, is an anxiety disorder that generally causes extreme discomfort. (psychguides.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as defined by the Mayo Clinic, is classified as a type of anxiety disorder. (psychguides.com)
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD) all bear the core symptom of anxiety and are separately classified in the new DSM-5 system. (frontiersin.org)
- The previous Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) system classified all the following as anxiety disorders, namely panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), phobic disorders (i.e., social anxiety disorder (SAD), specific phobias, and agoraphobia), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). (frontiersin.org)
- according to the new DSM-5 system, PTSD and OCD are no longer included in the anxiety disorder category. (frontiersin.org)
- After reviewing the literature, it could be concluded that OCD is an anxiety disorder, and for this reason, it is common that these patients have a high possibility of becoming quite anxious during a dental visit. (bvsalud.org)
- Fluoxetine is recommended in the Wise list for the treatment of anxiety disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder and related conditions. (janusinfo.se)
Treat obsessive-compulsi1
- It is a OCD medication that consists of highly effective antidepressants used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. (dualdiagnosis.org)
Psychiatry2
- This illness appears harmless in It is not just an unhygienic habit, the American Psychiatrist Association's Diagnostic and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders (also known as the bible for psychiatry) is planning to classify it as OCD. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Hence, the person keeps performing the act out of his habit despite knowing that it is a compulsive behaviour," says Dr Rahul Chandhok, senior consultant, psychiatry, Fortis Hospital. (dailymail.co.uk)
Narcissistic Personal1
- But after meeting the parent, it became apparent that in addition to the OCD they had Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). (psychcentral.com)
PTSD1
- There are many published studies reporting higher risk of suicidality in OCD patients, as well as studies describing increased risk of suicidality in OCD patients with other comorbid psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (hindawi.com)
Adults3
- The Women & Infants Hospital Perinatal OCD Intensive Outpatient Program serves pregnant and postpartum adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), health anxiety, social anxiety, panic disorder, and phobias (intense, specific fears). (butler.org)
- In my university days, when I was doing my research on compulsive disorders, I have also learnt that children or adults engaged in weird behaviours like eating non-food substances - better known as Pica, an eating disorder - could also trace the root of the problem to anxiety resulting from obsessive thoughts. (mindchamps-alliedcare.com)
- Compulsivity is a significant contributor to disability and poor quality of life for individuals with trichotillomania (TTM) and skin-picking disorder (SPD), based on data from 91 adults. (medscape.com)
Personality-disorders4
- Personality disorders are a group of mental illnesses characterized by abnormal, unhealthy, and inflexible patterns of behaviors and thoughts. (addictionhelp.com)
- People with personality disorders often have trouble dealing with everyday stresses and problems and experience turbulent relationships with others. (addictionhelp.com)
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) lists ten personality disorders, separating them into three main clusters based on shared traits and symptoms. (addictionhelp.com)
- Overview of Personality Disorders Your personality is your unique way of thinking, understanding, reacting, and relating to people. (msdmanuals.com)
Body dysmorph1
- To illustrate the relationship among the disorders in the OCRDs category, let's consider the similarities between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). (mentalhelp.net)
Thoughts26
- Children may have an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) when unwanted thoughts, and the behaviors they feel they must do because of the thoughts, happen frequently, take up a lot of time (more than an hour a day), interfere with their activities, or make them very upset. (cdc.gov)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by distressing, intrusive obsessive thoughts and/or repetitive compulsive physical or mental acts. (medscape.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) features a pattern of unwanted thoughts and fears known as obsessions. (mayoclinic.org)
- You may make up rules or rituals to follow that help control your anxiety when you're having obsessive thoughts. (mayoclinic.org)
- As with obsessive thoughts, there are a few compulsive behaviors in which the average person might engage. (healthyplace.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder, one of the anxiety disorders, is a potentially disabling condition characterized by obsessive thoughts or compulsive behaviors. (athealth.com)
- Most people with OCD struggle to banish their unwanted, obsessive thoughts and to prevent themselves from engaging in compulsive behaviors. (athealth.com)
- It teaches a person different ways of thinking, behaving, and reacting to situations that help him or her feel less anxious or fearful without having obsessive thoughts or acting compulsively. (athealth.com)
- As treatment progresses, most patients gradually experience less anxiety from the obsessive thoughts and are able to resist the compulsive urges. (athealth.com)
- Gradually confronts the situation, object, or person that triggers obsessive thoughts = exposure . (upmc.com)
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is the name of a group of symptoms that affect a person's thoughts and behaviors. (youngwomenshealth.org)
- Obsessive thoughts are frequent disturbing and upsetting thoughts, ideas, or urges that cause feelings of anxiety or stress. (youngwomenshealth.org)
- The obsessive thoughts may vary with the age of the child and may change over time. (daycare.com)
- Consequently, the patient's quality of life is likely to be enhanced by the reduction in obsessive thoughts, allowing the patient to go about their lives effortlessly, while still inhibiting the chance of serious health problems. (dualdiagnosis.org)
- A child with OCD has obsessive thoughts that are not wanted. (stanfordchildrens.org)
- As children grow, rituals and obsessive thoughts normally happen with a purpose and focus based on age. (stanfordchildrens.org)
- When a child has OCD, obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals can become very frequent and strong. (stanfordchildrens.org)
- Understanding Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders The thoughts, or obsessions, that characterize OCD can sometimes take the form of images or impulses, and they can cause overwhelming anxiety in the sufferer. (psychguides.com)
- General reference Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent, persistent, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images (obsessions) and/or by repetitive behaviors or repetitive mental. (msdmanuals.com)
- Despite these issues, it's typical for patients to be unaware of their disorder, as their thoughts may seem perfectly natural to them. (addictionhelp.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves unwanted thoughts and repeated actions that are upsetting to the person who has the disorder. (msdmanuals.com)
- I have encountered teenagers who were badly affected by obsessive thoughts that have got nothing to do with hygiene, like the persistent fear of having bad luck or being jinxed. (mindchamps-alliedcare.com)
- It causes irrational and obsessive thoughts, fears, or worries. (saintpetershcs.com)
- Can Hypnosis Help Me Overcome Obsessive Thoughts? (dynamicbreakthroughs.com)
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, involves having obsessive thinking patterns that can include unwanted thoughts, images or urges that make a person feel anxious or distressed. (healingfocuscounseling.com)
- Those with OCD also have compulsive behaviors which are an attempt to reverse the obsessive thoughts or urges by performing some sort of action. (healingfocuscounseling.com)
Rituals5
- Compulsive rituals provide you temporary relief. (healthyplace.com)
- Some people just worry, and they don't have compulsive rituals, so this one wouldn't fit them. (healthyplace.com)
- He or she uses compulsive rituals to control the fears, such as excessive handwashing. (stanfordchildrens.org)
- Compulsive behaviors are the repetitive rituals used to ease anxiety caused by the obsessions. (stanfordchildrens.org)
- Typically, the compulsive rituals must be done in a precise way according to rigid rules. (msdmanuals.com)
Perfectionism4
- Either you could admire the trait by writing it off as perfectionism, or you could admit the possibility of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and seek professional help. (dailymail.co.uk)
- With the right combination of therapy and support from family members, people with this disorder can find more balance in life and enjoy social activities without the burden of perfectionism. (addictionhelp.com)
- These individuals fixate on perfectionism and organization to an unhealthy, compulsive extent. (addictionhelp.com)
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is probably caused by traits that run in families, such as perfectionism. (msdmanuals.com)
Repetitive1
- Although body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), specifically trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder, are similar in clinical presentation to aspects of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the role of compulsivity in TTM and SPD has not been well studied, wrote Jon E. Grant, MD, of the University of Chicago and colleagues. (medscape.com)
Trichotillomania2
- Individuals with OCD frequently have other psychiatric comorbid disorders, prominently including major depressive disorder, alcohol and/or substance use disorders, other anxiety disorders, impulse control disorders (eg, trichotillomania, skin-picking), and Tourette and tic disorders. (medscape.com)
- Cite this: Compulsivity Contributes to Disability in Skin-Picking Disorder, Trichotillomania - Medscape - Jul 11, 2022. (medscape.com)
Behaviors include1
- Other compulsive behaviors include counting (often while performing another compulsive action such as hand washing), repeating, hoarding, and endlessly rearranging objects in an effort to keep them in precise alignment with each other. (athealth.com)
Bipolar2
- Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that causes wide fluctuations in mood and energy levels. (clearviewtreatment.com)
- Although no individual loci reached genome -wide significance, the cross-disorder phenotype showed strong positive genetic correlations with other psychiatric phenotypes (e.g., rg = 0.36 with bipolar disorder and 0.34 with neuroticism ) and negative genetic correlations with metabolic phenotypes (e.g., rg = -0.25 with body mass index and -0.20 with triglycerides ). (bvsalud.org)
Diagnosis2
- When someone receives a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, they often ask, "Is it possible for OCD to just go away? (clearviewtreatment.com)
- Existing case reports on OCD with suicide as the obsessive component describe patients with long standing diagnosis of OCD with suicidal ideations or previous suicide attempts. (hindawi.com)
Abstract1
- article{ad340021-1352-4774-9958-9d822bf89e94, abstract = {{Altered sensory processing has been linked to symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders (ADs) in youth, but few studies have examined sensory processing in clinical samples and no study has analyzed self-report data from youth meeting diagnostic criteria for OCD or ADs. (lu.se)
Behavioral5
- Few treatment outcome studies of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) have employed Behavioral Avoidance Tests (BATs) to assess changes in symptomatology, probably because of the difficulty of constructing such tests for a disorder which has widely varying symptoms. (nih.gov)
- Researchers from Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia, compared the effectiveness of group vs. individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and found both programs highly effective by the time of follow-up. (healthjourneys.com)
- Researchers from the School of Psychology at Curtin University of Technology in Perth, Western Australia, compared the effectiveness of group vs. individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). (healthjourneys.com)
- Inference-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (I-CBT) is a specialized psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without deliberate and prolonged exposure and response prevention (ERP) that focuses on strengthening reality-based reasoning and correcting the dysfunctional reasoning giving rise to erroneous obsessional doubts and ideas. (karger.com)
- MATOS, Evandro Gomes de e LIPP, Marilda E. N. . Cognitive-behavioral therapy of a case of obsessive-compulsive disorder . (bvsalud.org)
Comorbid1
- Anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid and likely to share genetic risk factors . (bvsalud.org)
Onset5
- Childhood-onset OCD may have a higher rate of comorbidity with Tourette disorder and ADHD. (medscape.com)
- The disorders in this OCRDs category share similar symptoms, have a similar age of onset, similar progression and course, co-occur together frequently, have similar family histories, and share similar treatment response. (mentalhelp.net)
- If the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder is sudden, clinicians may use pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome criteria and conduct appropriate tests. (psychiatrist.com)
- We investigated neural mechanisms of decision making in OCD patients, including early and late onset of disorder, in terms of reward prediction errors (RPEs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. (cambridge.org)
- A mixture of biological, genetic, and environmental factors contribute to the onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder. (psychguides.com)
Treatment9
- Another benefit of grouping these disorders together is that it improves treatment outcomes. (mentalhelp.net)
- Because there is considerable symptom overlap among these disorders, the basic treatment strategy is similar for each disorder. (mentalhelp.net)
- However, each disorder requires some specific treatment techniques to be most effective. (mentalhelp.net)
- Their similarity to OCD helps clinicians develop a treatment plan that involves targeting the inaccurate beliefs of each disorder, along with exposure exercises to address compulsive behaviors specific to each disorder. (mentalhelp.net)
- The presence of overvalued ideas in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been theoretically linked to poorer treatment outcome [Kozak, M. J. & Foa, E. B. (1994). (researchgate.net)
- For pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, clinicians must address particular diagnostic and treatment challenges. (psychiatrist.com)
- Group versus individual cognitive-behavioural treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. (healthjourneys.com)
- Learn about the symptoms and signs of obsessive-compulsive (ocd) problems, how get effective treatment, and ultimately how to recover from obsessive-compulsive (ocd) for the short and long-term. (psychguides.com)
- Maria, aged 35, began psychological treatment after referral by her psychiatrist, presenting severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms [OCs] which had a significantly adverse impact on her social and occupational function and on her health. (bvsalud.org)
Clinicians1
- First, it helps clinicians to identify disorders that might otherwise be overlooked. (mentalhelp.net)
Symptoms and s1
- What are obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and signs? (medicinenet.com)
Genetics1
- The study of OCD genetics has largely relied on the more traditional Diagnostic Conceptual Framework while more recently the study of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in the general population has employed the Dimensional Conceptual Framework. (nature.com)
YBOCS2
- Severity of OCD was evaluated using the Yale and Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). (bmj.com)
- If you go on line and google OCD screening tools, you will find things like the yale brown obsessive compulsive checklist, or ybocs. (healthtap.com)
Affects2
- It's a disorder that affects 2-4 per cent of the population globally," says Gupta. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder or OCD is a severely limiting condition that affects people from all walks of life. (dynamicbreakthroughs.com)
ADHD2
- Research [i] has revealed that ASD shares similar genetic roots with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (mindchamps-alliedcare.com)
- No = 0 deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? (medscape.com)
Patients4
- This text represents the collective contributions of some of the foremost authorities in the field under the leadership of editors who are determined to raise awareness and educate practitioners and patients alike about the phenomenology, neurobiology, and psychology of this disorder. (appi.org)
- Consequently, many neuroimaging studies have been performed to measure brain structure and function in patients with various anxiety-related disorders. (frontiersin.org)
- L' attitude des étudiants en médecine vis à vis de la maladie mentale est importante car ils fourniront des soins à ce groupe de patients à l'avenir. (who.int)
- Psychiatric disorders are believed and exposure to psychiatric patients during internship to be associated with supernatural powers and religious training are associated with positive outcomes in terms beliefs, and various moral and mystic approaches are tak- of the attitudes of medical students towards mental en to treat these illnesses ( 1 ). (who.int)
People11
- OCD can also occur in people with other neurological conditions such as Tourette syndrome and similar disorders, traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia. (medlineplus.gov)
- People with OCD are at risk of also suffering from anxiety disorders. (medicinenet.com)
- People with ODDs are born with a predisposition to it but certain events or lifestyle necessities can trigger off the disorder," says Gupta. (dailymail.co.uk)
- Most people are somewhat familiar with the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). (mentalhelp.net)
- People with BDD are more likely to have a first-degree relative with OCD than people without either disorder. (mentalhelp.net)
- However, these kinds of behaviors can become a disorder when too much planning and inflexibility get in the way of relationships or keep people from completing normal tasks. (msdmanuals.com)
- In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, people aren't upset because they believe their habits are helping them reach their goals. (msdmanuals.com)
- During a family dinner conversation where my teenage children were talking about the possible impacts of the lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic, one asked the question of what is going to happen to people who were diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). (mindchamps-alliedcare.com)
- More importantly, it also brought out some misconceptions people might have about Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as a mental health problem. (mindchamps-alliedcare.com)
- Some 400 million people around the world suffer from mental or neurological disorders or from psychosocial problems such as those related to alcohol and drug abuse. (who.int)
- investment in research into mental health, neuroscience and social sciences is needed in order to increase understanding and to lead to new approaches to caring for people with mental disorders. (who.int)
Neurological2
- There is likely to be a biological and neurological component, and some children with OCD also have Tourette syndrome or other tic disorders . (cdc.gov)
- Have you ever been told that you had any other medical, No = 0 surgical, or neurological disorders? (medscape.com)
Behaviours3
- A dog's brain is similar to a human's, with a far smaller cortex, therefore the compulsive behaviours are so similar to human OCD. (doglistener.co.uk)
- Dogs can and do suffer from numerous and wide-ranging obsessive behaviours. (doglistener.co.uk)
- Such behaviour might not appear to be problematic when they are toddlers or pre-schoolers, but if the obsessions persist, it would increase the child's anxieties and the compulsive behaviours that result might start to become problematic. (mindchamps-alliedcare.com)
Eating Disorders1
- Teens with OCD may also have one or more types of eating disorders. (stanfordchildrens.org)
Exposure2
- There is also OCD and related disorders that are caused by a medical condition or exposure to a substance. (medicinenet.com)
- One type of therapy called exposure and response prevention is especially helpful in reducing compulsive behaviors in OCD. (athealth.com)
Pediatric1
- In some cases, children may develop OCD or OCD symptoms following a streptococcal infection-this is called Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS). (mhanys.org)
Examples1
- The book begins with the history and epidemiology of the disorder before proceeding to the clinical features, which are presented using case examples. (appi.org)
Psychological1
- Maria's life history and her psychological assessment enabled us to understand the development of her symptoms and to identify the predisposing, precipitating and maintaining aspects of the obsessive-compulsive disorder [OCD]. (bvsalud.org)
Symptom1
- In the study of OCD medication, it appears, the symptom of obsessive compulsive disorder is becoming increasingly prevalent in the mental health system. (dualdiagnosis.org)
Severity2
- rating scales such as the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) assess severity. (wikipedia.org)
- This does not mean that all those who bite their nails are victims of OCD, but they can be categorised under this disorder depending upon the severity of the symptoms. (dailymail.co.uk)
Mental6
- The mental health professional should also determine whether someone with OCD has a current or past tic disorder . (cdc.gov)
- What Are the Most Commonly Diagnosed Mental Health Disorders? (clearviewtreatment.com)
- The following article on Anxiety Disorders is from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (mhanys.org)
- In the past, the prevalence and impact of mental disorders have been underestimated. (who.int)
- and · the expected increase in mental disorders and their consequences owing to the ageing of the population, worsening social problems and civil unrest. (who.int)
- The Fifty-fourth World Health Assembly will offer an opportunity for a strong commitment to be made to political action, with discussion of mental disorders and potential solutions through innovative policies, improved access to care and appropriate legislation. (who.int)
Yale1
- The standard assessment tool for OCD, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), has 13 predefined categories of symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
Therapy1
- Medicines and therapy can help reduce the time spent in the thought patterns or compulsive behaviors. (saintpetershcs.com)
Neurodevelopmental disorders3
- Altered sensory processing in the clinical groups was not explained by the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders. (lu.se)
- The present study shows that sensory processing difficulties are common in youth with OCD and ADs, not explained by co-occurring neurodevelopmental disorders, and linked to a host of internalizing symptoms. (lu.se)
- 90 million peo- agents likely determine more cancers, immune-mediated ple in the United States) and are a rapidly growing burden syndromes, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other in developing economies (http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/ chronic conditions than currently appreciated. (cdc.gov)
Severe2
- OCD , usually thought to be a lifelong disorder, can have mild to moderate symptoms or be so severe and time-consuming that it becomes disabling. (mayoclinic.org)
- Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a major cause of disability in western country and responsible for severe impairment of quality of life. (bmj.com)