Ocimum
Ocimum basilicum
Oils, Volatile
Plant Extracts
Sarcoptidae
Lamiaceae
Croton
Antinociceptive properties of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) in mice. (1/39)
We have investigated the antinociceptive effects of the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Labiatae) (EOOG) in two classical models of pain in male Swiss mice (25-35 g), the writhing test and the formalin test. At doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg (po), EOOG produced a dose-dependent inhibition (from 58.3 4.4 to 40.7 6.3, 36.4 3.6 and 24.6 3.6, respectively; N = 8-10, P<0.05) of acetic acid-induced writhing, causing up to a ~60% inhibition at the highest dose used, comparable to that obtained with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, po). At the same doses, EOOG predominantly inhibited the late (inflammatory) phase of the formalin-induced pain response (from 59.3 8.3 to 40.4 4.8, 23.2 2.8 and 25.3 5.5, respectively; N = 6, P<0.05), with a maximal reduction of ~60% of the control, although a significant reduction of the initial (neurogenic) phase was also observed at 300 mg/kg (from 62.5 6.07 to 37 5.9; P<0.05). On the basis of these data, we conclude that EOOG possesses interesting antinociceptive properties in the writhing and formalin tests. Due to the relatively low toxicity of EOOG, further detailed examination is strongly indicated for a better characterization of its pharmacological properties and its potential therapeutic value. (+info)DPPH radical scavengers from dried leaves of oregano (Origanum vulgare). (2/39)
1,1-Dipehnyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities were found in the extract of dried leaves of oregano (Origanum vulgare). The water-soluble active ingredients were isolated, and their structures were determined to be 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl protocatechuate and 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl 4-O-methylprotocatechuate by (1)H-, (13)C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, and HMBC spectral analyses, and by NOE experiments. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of these compounds were compared with those of rutin, quercetin and rosmarinic acid at a concentration of 2 x 10(-5) M. The scavenging activity of 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl protocatechuate was almost the same as that of quercetin and rosmarinic acid, but that of 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3',4'-dihydroxybennzyl 4-O-methylprotocatechuate was less than that of quercetin, rosmarinic acid and 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl protocatechuate. The amount of 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3',4'-dihydroxybenzyl protocatechuate was estimated to be 3.8 mg/1 g of dried leaves by an HPLC analysis. (+info)Screening of crude extracts of six medicinal plants used in South-West Nigerian unorthodox medicine for anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus activity. (3/39)
BACKGROUND: Six Nigerian medicinal plants Terminalia avicennioides, Phylantus discoideus, Bridella ferruginea, Ageratum conyzoides, Ocimum gratissimum and Acalypha wilkesiana used by traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of several ailments of microbial and non-microbial origins were investigated for in vitro anti-methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. METHODS: Fresh plant materials were collected from the users. Water and ethanol extracts of the shredded plants were obtained by standard methods. The Bacterial cultures used were strains of MRSA isolated from patients. MRSA was determined by the reference broth microdilution methods using the established National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards break points. Staphylococcus aureus NCIB 8588 was used as a standard strain. Susceptibility testing and phytochemical screening of the plant extracts were performed by standard procedures. Controls were maintained for each test batch. RESULTS: Both water and ethanol extracts of T. avicennioides, P. discoideus, O. gratissimum, and A. wilkesiana were effective on MRSA. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the ethanol extracts of these plants range from 18.2 to 24.0 mcg/ml and 30.4 to 37.0 mcg/ml respectively. In contrast, MIC range of 30.6 to 43.0 mcg/ml and 55.4 to 71.0 mcg/ml were recorded for ethanol and water extracts of B. ferruginea, and A. conyzoides respectively. Higher MBC values were obtained for the two plants. These concentrations were too high to be considered active in this study. All the four active plants contained at least trace amount of anthraquinones. CONCLUSION: Our results offer a scientific basis for the traditional use of water and ethanol extracts of A. wilkesiana, O. gratissimum, T. avicennioides and P. discoideus against MRSA-associated diseases. However, B. ferruginea and A. conyzoides were ineffective in vitro in this study; we therefore suggest the immediate stoppage of their traditional use against MRSA-associated diseases in Lagos, Nigeria. (+info)Antifungal activity from Ocimum gratissimum L. towards Cryptococcus neoformans. (4/39)
Cryptococcal infection had an increased incidence in last years due to the explosion of acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic and by using new and effective immunosuppressive agents. The currently antifungal therapies used such as amphotericin B, fluconazole, and itraconazole have certain limitations due to side effects and emergence of resistant strains. So, a permanent search to find new drugs for cryptococcosis treatment is essential. Ocimum gratissimum, plant known as alfavaca (Labiatae family), has been reported earlier with in vitro activity against some bacteria and dermatophytes. In our work, we study the in vitro activity of the ethanolic crude extract, ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroformic fractions, essential oil, and eugenol of O. gratissimum using an agar dilution susceptibility method towards 25 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. All the extracts of O. gratissimum studied showed activity in vitro towards C. neoformans. Based on the minimal inhibitory concentration values the most significant results were obtained with chloroformic fraction and eugenol. It was observed that chloroformic fraction inhibited 23 isolates (92%) of C. neoformans at a concentration of 62.5 microg/ml and eugenol inhibited 4 isolates (16%) at a concentration of 0.9 microg/ml. This screening may be the basis for the study of O. gratissimum as a possible antifungal agent. (+info)Noise-stress-induced brain neurotransmitter changes and the effect of Ocimum sanctum (Linn) treatment in albino rats. (5/39)
In this modern world, stress and pollution are unavoidable phenomena affecting the body system at various levels. A large number of people are exposed to potentially hazardous noise levels in daily modern life, such as noise from work environments, urban traffic, and household appliances. A variety of studies have suggested an association between noise exposure and the occurrence of disorders involving extra-auditory organs such as disorders of the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems. In this study, Wistar strain albino rats were subjected to 100 dB broadband white noise, 4 h daily for 15 days. The high-pressure liquid chromatographic estimation of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in discrete regions of the rat brain indicates that noise stress can alter the brain biogenic amines after 15 days of stress exposure. Ocimum sanctum (OS), a medicinal herb that is widely claimed to posses antistressor activity and used extensively in the Indian system of medicine for a variety of disorders, was chosen for this study. Administration of the 70% ethanolic extract of OS had a normalizing action on discrete regions of brain and controlled the alteration in neurotransmitter levels due to noise stress, emphasizing the antistressor potential of this plant. (+info)Effect of Curcuma longa and Ocimum sanctum on myocardial apoptosis in experimentally induced myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury. (6/39)
BACKGROUND: In the present investigation, the effect of Curcuma longa (Cl) and Ocimum sanctum (Os) on myocardial apoptosis and cardiac function was studied in an ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) model of myocardial injury. METHODS: Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups and orally fed saline once daily (sham, control IR) or Cl (100 mg/kg; Cl-IR) or Os (75 mg/kg; Os-IR) respectively for 1 month. On the 31st day, in the rats of the control IR, Cl-IR and Os-IR groups LAD occlusion was undertaken for 45 min, and reperfusion was allowed for 1 h. The hemodynamic parameters{mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular peak positive (+) LVdP/dt (rate of pressure development) and negative (-) LVdP/dt (rate of pressure decline)} were monitored at pre-set points throughout the experimental duration and subsequently, the animals were sacrificed for immunohistopathological (Bax, Bcl-2 protein expression & TUNEL positivity) and histopathological studies. RESULTS: Chronic treatment with Cl significantly reduced TUNEL positivity (p < 0.05), Bax protein (p < 0.001) and upregulated Bcl-2 (p < 0.001) expression in comparison to control IR group. In addition, Cl demonstrated mitigating effects on several myocardial injury induced hemodynamic {(+)LVdP/dt, (-) LVdP/dt & LVEDP} and histopathological perturbations. Chronic Os treatment resulted in modest modulation of the hemodynamic alterations (MAP, LVEDP) but failed to demonstrate any significant antiapoptotic effects and prevent the histopathological alterations as compared to control IR group. CONCLUSION: In the present study, significant cardioprotection and functional recovery demonstrated by Cl may be attributed to its anti-apoptotic property. In contrast to Os, Cl may attenuate cell death due to apoptosis and prevent the impairment of cardiac performance. (+info)Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts stimulate insulin secretion from perfused pancreas, isolated islets and clonal pancreatic beta-cells. (7/39)
Ocimum sanctum leaves have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose when administered to rats and humans with diabetes. In the present study, the effects of ethanol extract and five partition fractions of O. sanctum leaves were studied on insulin secretion together with an evaluation of their mechanisms of action. The ethanol extract and each of the aqueous, butanol and ethylacetate fractions stimulated insulin secretion from perfused rat pancreas, isolated rat islets and a clonal rat beta-cell line in a concentration-dependent manner. The stimulatory effects of ethanol extract and each of these partition fractions were potentiated by glucose, isobutylmethylxanthine, tolbutamide and a depolarizing concentration of KCl. Inhibition of the secretory effect was observed with diazoxide, verapamil and Ca2+ removal. In contrast, the stimulatory effects of the chloroform and hexane partition fractions were associated with decreased cell viability and were unaltered by diazoxide and verapamil. The ethanol extract and the five fractions increased intracellular Ca2+ in clonal BRIN-BD11 cells, being partly attenuated by the addition of verapamil. These findings indicated that constituents of O. sanctum leaf extracts have stimulatory effects on physiological pathways of insulin secretion which may underlie its reported antidiabetic action. (+info)Inhibition of breast tumor growth and angiogenesis by a medicinal herb: Ocimum gratissimum. (8/39)
Ocimum sp. is a traditionally used medicinal herb, which shows anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, radio-protective and free radical scavenging properties. So far no detailed studies have been reported on its effects on human cancers. Thus, we analyzed its effects on human breast cancer utilizing in vitro and in vivo methodologies. Aqueous extracts were prepared from the mature leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) cultivated devoid of pesticides. Tumor progression and angiogenesis related processes like chemotaxis, proliferation, apoptosis, 3D growth and morphogenesis, angiogenesis and tumor growth were studied in the presence or absence of the extract, and in some experiments a comparison was made with purified commercially available eugenol, apigenin and ursolic acid. Aqueous OG leaf extract inhibits proliferation, migration, anchorage independent growth, 3D growth and morphogenesis and induction of COX-2 protein in breast cancer cells. A comparative analysis with eugenol, apigenin and ursolic acid showed that the inhibitory effects on chemotaxis and 3D morphogenesis of breast cancer cells were specific to OG extract. In addition, OG extracts reduced tumor size and neoangiogenesis in a MCF10 DCIS.com xenograft model of human DCIS. This is the first detailed report showing that OG leaf extract may be of value as a breast cancer preventive and therapeutic agent and might be considered as additional additive in the arsenal of components aimed at combating breast cancer progression and metastasis. (+info)"Ocimum" is the scientific name for a genus of plants that includes sweet basil, holy basil, and other varieties of basil. These herbs are part of the mint family (Lamiaceae) and are native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. They are widely used in cooking for their aromatic leaves, which have a strong, pungent flavor. Holy basil, also known as tulsi, is considered sacred in Hinduism and has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for its potential health benefits. However, it's important to note that while some herbs and plants can have medicinal properties, they should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or treatment.
'Ocimum basilicum' is the scientific name for the herb commonly known as sweet basil. While it is not a medical term itself, basil has been used in various traditional medicinal practices for its supposed benefits. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support many of these claims. It is more widely recognized as a culinary herb and essential oil source.
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are a type of organic compound that are naturally produced in plants. They are called "volatile" because they evaporate quickly at room temperature due to their high vapor pressure. These oils are composed of complex mixtures of various compounds, including terpenes, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols. They are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of many plants and are often used in perfumes, flavors, and aromatherapy. In a medical context, volatile oils may have therapeutic properties and be used in certain medications or treatments, but it's important to note that they can also cause adverse reactions if not used properly.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Eugenol is defined in medical terms as a phenolic compound that is the main active component of oil of cloves, which is derived from the clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum). It has been used in dentistry for its analgesic and antibacterial properties. In addition, eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, and as a local antiseptic and anesthetic in medical applications. It's also used in some mouthwashes and toothpastes. However, it can cause allergic reactions in some people, so its use should be monitored carefully.
Sarcoptidae is a family of mites that are parasitic to mammals and birds. The most well-known member of this family is Sarcoptes scabiei, the mite responsible for causing scabies in humans. These mites burrow into the skin and lay their eggs, causing an intensely itchy rash. Other members of this family can also cause similar skin reactions in various animals.
I apologize for the confusion, but "Lamiaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in biology, specifically it is a family of flowering plants that includes many familiar herbs such as mint, rosemary, sage, basil, and lavender. These plants are often used in medicine, cooking, and for ornamental purposes. The Lamiaceae family is characterized by their square stems, opposite leaves, and two-lipped flowers.
"Mentha piperita" is the scientific name for peppermint, which is a hybrid plant that's a cross between watermint and spearmint. It is a commonly used herb in medicine, particularly in the form of peppermint oil. The oil has been found to have several medicinal properties including antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic effects. It is often used to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea, and vomiting. Additionally, it has been found to be effective in providing relief from headaches and muscle pain.
The term "Croton" is most commonly used to refer to a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family (Euphorbiaceae), which includes over 700 species. These plants are native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with many having colorful and distinctive leaves or flowers.
However, "Croton" is not a medical term and does not have a specific definition in the context of medicine. If you have any questions about a medical condition or treatment that involves the use of the term "Croton," it would be best to consult with a healthcare professional for clarification.
'Origanum' is not a medical term itself, but it is the genus name for a group of plants that includes oregano and marjoram. These plants are part of the Lamiaceae family, also known as the mint family.
Oregano, specifically Origanum vulgare, has been used in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The essential oil of oregano is rich in carvacrol and thymol, which are believed to contribute to its medicinal effects. However, it's important to note that the scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and more research is needed before any definitive medical claims can be made.
Marjoram, Origanum majorana, has also been used in traditional medicine for various purposes, including as a digestive aid, an antispasmodic, and a sedative. Its essential oil contains compounds such as terpinen-4-ol and γ-terpinene, which may have medicinal properties. However, similarly to oregano, more research is needed before any firm medical conclusions can be drawn about the use of marjoram in treatment.
Phytotherapy is the use of extracts of natural origin, especially plants or plant parts, for therapeutic purposes. It is also known as herbal medicine and is a traditional practice in many cultures. The active compounds in these plant extracts are believed to have various medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or sedative effects. Practitioners of phytotherapy may use the whole plant, dried parts, or concentrated extracts to prepare teas, capsules, tinctures, or ointments for therapeutic use. It is important to note that the effectiveness and safety of phytotherapy are not always supported by scientific evidence, and it should be used with caution and preferably under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Ocimum - Wikipedia
Ocimum americanum - Famine Foods
Controlled programmed trial of Ocimum sanctum leaf on generalized anxiety disorders
Rapid Biological Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Ocimum sanctum and Their Characterization
Antiosteoporotic effect of Petroselinum crispum, Ocimum basilicum and
Ocimum basilicum ( Cinnamon Sweet Basil ) - Backyard Gardener
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برهمکنش خاصیت ضدمیکروبی عصاره هیدروالکلی ریحان Ocimum basilicum))، مریم گلی (Salvia officinalis) و دارچین در دوغ
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Basil Sweet Ocimum Basilicum Seeds
Basilicum8
- Ocimum basilicum L. , Sp. (wikimedia.org)
- 2022. Ocimum basilicum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
- Ocimum basilicum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) , U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. (wikimedia.org)
- Hydrodistillation of Brazilian basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) yielded 0.4% of essential oil (EO), with activity against eight important postharvest deteriorating fungi. (ccsenet.org)
- Basil (Ocimum basilicum), also called basil herb or royal herb, is a spice plant from the labiates family. (anderswelt-import.eu)
- The Basil Italian Large Leaf, 'Ocimum basilicum', is a sweet basil that is particularly good for pesto and is also excellent for fresh use. (ecrater.com)
- Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv. (nih.gov)
- It includes the aromatic herb OCIMUM BASILICUM (Sweet Basil) and the MEDICINAL PLANT Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil). (nih.gov)
Tenuiflorum4
- Rhizospheric Microflora Escalating Aroma Constituents and Yield Attributes in Ocimum tenuiflorum (L.) cv. (hindawi.com)
- The present study investigates the response of Bacillus megaterium ATCC No. 13525, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC No. 14581, and Trichoderma viride MTCC No. 167 in alone and combined treatments for their effect on growth and yield parameters in a commercially important Ocimum tenuiflorum L. cv. (hindawi.com)
- Ocimum tenuiflorum is an imperative species from the genus, widely cultivated for its high essential oil yields (0.5 to 0.7%), rich in eugenol, methyl chavicol, and linalool content [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The scientific name of holy basil is Ocimum tenuiflorum . (msdmanuals.com)
Sanctum8
- Ocimum sanctum , is the basil of Ayurvedic medicine. (allrareherbs.com.au)
- Latin: Ocimum sanctum Linn. (indianmedicinalplants.info)
- Ocimum sanctum var. (reveriefarmllc.com)
- Ocimum sanctum is an annual herb belonging to the mint family with 150 varieties worldwide. (pharmaresearchlibrary.com)
- Ocimum sanctum emits a spicy scent when bruised. (pharmaresearchlibrary.com)
- 10. Purified Essential Oil from Ocimum sanctum Linn. (nih.gov)
- 11. Ocimum sanctum (L.) essential oil and its lead molecules induce apoptosis in Candida albicans. (nih.gov)
- Ocimum sanctum ('Holy Basil') has been used for thousands of years in traditional Indian medicine, but its anti-tumorigenic effect remains largely unexplored. (nih.gov)
Tulsi1
- The plant is similar to but taller than Vana Tulsi (Ocimum gratissimum) and is very high in Eugenol. (strictlymedicinalseeds.com)
Basil Ocimum1
- Mineral composition of different basil (Ocimum spp. (ac.rs)
Gratissimum4
Americanum3
- Similar to Ocimum americanum. (co.zw)
- Babulal Sarabhai & Co. is a leading organization that is engrossed in offering large array of Ocimum Americanum at the pocket friendly prices. (cassiatoraseeds.com)
- Owing to the qualities of our products, we are reckoned as one of the proficient exporters of Ocimum Americanum in Srilanka . (cassiatoraseeds.com)
Lamiaceae4
- Ocimum /ˈɒsɪməm/ is a genus of aromatic annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of all 6 inhabited continents, with the greatest number of species in Africa. (wikipedia.org)
- The plants belonging to the Ocimum genus of the Lamiaceae family are considered to be a rich source of essential oils which have expressed biological activity and use in different area of human activity. (biomedcentral.com)
- The plants belonging to the basil genome or Ocimum genus of the Lamiaceae family are aromatic ones [ 1 ] and are considered to be a rich source of essential oils-the metabolites, synthesized by plants for specific functions, using various secondary metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
- Through the centuries basil was cultivated for culinary and medicinal purposes in many countries, which created a great diversity of species within the Ocimum genus: the genus Ocimum comprises more than 150 species and is considered as one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family. (biomedcentral.com)
Genus2
- The members of genus Ocimum (Gk. (hindawi.com)
- 1999) Basil, Genus Ocimum . (wikimedia.org)
Zambia Ocimum1
- Zaïre, Congo-Brazzaville, Angola, Zambia Ocimum viphyense A.J.Paton - Malawi, Zambia Ocimum waterbergense (S.D.Williams & K.Balkwill) A.J.Paton - Northern Province of South Africa Ocimum × africanum Lour. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
- Ocimum species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. (wikipedia.org)
Viride3
India1
- A.J.Paton - Zaïre Ocimum minimum L. - India, Sri Lanka Ocimum minutiflorum (Sebald) A.J.Paton - eastern + central Africa Ocimum mitwabense (Ayob. (wikipedia.org)
Briq1
- A.J.Paton - South Africa, Eswatini Ocimum somaliense Briq. (wikipedia.org)
Suave1
- Ocimum suave Willd. (co.zw)
Plants1
- 2022. Ocimum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online . (wikimedia.org)
Africanum1
- Aktivitas Antioksidan Kemangi (Ocimum X Africanum Lour. (unsoed.ac.id)
Good1
- naturalized in Kenya, Fiji, French Polynesia, West Indies, Venezuela Ocimum transamazonicum C.Pereira - Brazil Ocimum tubiforme (R.D.Good) A.J.Paton - Northern Province of South Africa Ocimum urundense Robyns & Lebrun - Burundi, Tanzania Ocimum vandenbrandei (P.A.Duvign. (wikipedia.org)
Wild1
- A.J.Paton - Marungu Province in Zaïre Ocimum vanderystii (De Wild. (wikipedia.org)
Parts1
- naturalized in Queensland, Christmas Island, and parts of tropical America Ocimum amicorum A.J.Paton - Tanzania Ocimum angustifolium Benth. (wikipedia.org)