A relatively slow-growing glioma that is derived from oligodendrocytes and tends to occur in the cerebral hemispheres, thalamus, or lateral ventricle. They may present at any age, but are most frequent in the third to fifth decades, with an earlier incidence peak in the first decade. Histologically, these tumors are encapsulated, relatively avascular, and tend to form cysts and microcalcifications. Neoplastic cells tend to have small round nuclei surrounded by unstained nuclei. The tumors may vary from well-differentiated to highly anaplastic forms. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2052; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p655)
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.
A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.
A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)
An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)
An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
Primary and metastatic (secondary) tumors of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater separating the CEREBELLUM and BRAIN STEM from the cerebral hemispheres and DIENCEPHALON (i.e., THALAMUS and HYPOTHALAMUS and related structures). In adults, primary neoplasms tend to arise in the supratentorial compartment, whereas in children they occur more frequently in the infratentorial space. Clinical manifestations vary with the location of the lesion, but SEIZURES; APHASIA; HEMIANOPSIA; hemiparesis; and sensory deficits are relatively common features. Metastatic supratentorial neoplasms are frequently multiple at the time of presentation.
Rare indolent tumors comprised of neoplastic glial and neuronal cells which occur primarily in children and young adults. Benign lesions tend to be associated with long survival unless the tumor degenerates into a histologically malignant form. They tend to occur in the optic nerve and white matter of the brain and spinal cord.
An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)
Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.
Transforming proteins encoded by erbB oncogenes from the avian erythroblastosis virus. The protein is a truncated form of the EGF receptor (RECEPTOR, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR) whose kinase domain is constitutively activated by deletion of the ligand-binding domain.
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide, and NADH. It occurs in cell mitochondria. The enzyme requires Mg2+, Mn2+; it is activated by ADP, citrate, and Ca2+, and inhibited by NADH, NADPH, and ATP. The reaction is the key rate-limiting step of the citric acid (tricarboxylic) cycle. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (The NADP+ enzyme is EC 1.1.1.42.) EC 1.1.1.41.
Neoplasms located in the brain ventricles, including the two lateral, the third, and the fourth ventricle. Ventricular tumors may be primary (e.g., CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS and GLIOMA, SUBEPENDYMAL), metastasize from distant organs, or occur as extensions of locally invasive tumors from adjacent brain structures.
A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)
The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.
An antitumor alkaloid isolated from VINCA ROSEA. (Merck, 11th ed.)
Glioma derived from EPENDYMOGLIAL CELLS that tend to present as malignant intracranial tumors in children and as benign intraspinal neoplasms in adults. It may arise from any level of the ventricular system or central canal of the spinal cord. Intracranial ependymomas most frequently originate in the FOURTH VENTRICLE and histologically are densely cellular tumors which may contain ependymal tubules and perivascular pseudorosettes. Spinal ependymomas are usually benign papillary or myxopapillary tumors. (From DeVita et al., Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2018; Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp28-9)
A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.
A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.
An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.

Clinical importance of c-Met protein expression in high grade astrocytic tumors. (1/414)

The clinical importance of the expression of c-Met protein, the receptor of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, was evaluated in neuroepithelial tissue tumors. c-Met immunohistochemistry was performed using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method with anti-c-Met polyclonal antibody. Specimens were classified as c-Met negative (< 30%) or c-Met positive (> or = 30%) according to the proportion of immunopositive cells under microscopic examination. All c-Met-positive cases occurred in high grade astrocytic tumors, not in other neuroepithelial tissue tumors. Most c-Met-positive astrocytic tumors were classified histologically as high grade tumors. Epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) and MIB-1 immunohistochemistry were also performed for high grade astrocytic tumors. Survival analysis was performed for patients with these tumors with variables including c-Met positivity, EGFR positivity, and MIB-1 labeling index. Positivity of c-Met was independent from EGFR positivity and MIB-1 labeling index, and the c-Met-positive group showed a significant shorter survival (p < 0.05). c-Met immunopositivity may be a parameter of biological aggressiveness in high grade astrocytic tumors. Examination of c-Met expression in astrocytic tumors provides significant clinical information, especially as a prognostic factor.  (+info)

Expression of green fluorescent protein in oligodendrocytes in a time- and level-controllable fashion with a tetracycline-regulated system. (2/414)

Developments in transgenic technology have greatly enhanced our ability to understand the functions of various genes in animal models and relevant human diseases. The tetracycline (tet)-regulated transactivation system for inducing gene expression allowed us to control the expression of exogenous genes in a temporal and quantitative way. The ability to manipulate a cell-specific promoter enabled us to express one particular protein in a single type of cell. The combination of a tetracycline system and a tissue-specific promoter has led us to the development of an innovative gene expression system, which is able to express genes in a cell type-specific and time- and level-controllable fashion. An oligodendrocyte-specific myelin basic protein (MBP) gene promoter controls the reversed tet-inducible transactivator. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was placed under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) basic promoter in tandem with seven tet-responsive elements (TRE), binding sites for the activated transactivator. Upon the addition of doxycycline (DOX, a tetracycline derivative), tet transactivators became activated and bound to one or more TRE, leading to the activation of the CMV promoter and the expression of GFP in oligodendrocytes. We have successfully expressed GFP and luciferase at high levels in oligodendrocytes in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. In the absence of DOX, there was almost no GFP expression in oligodendroglial cultures. Graded levels of GFP expression were observed after induction with DOX (0.5 to 12.5 microg/ml). Our data indicate that this inducible gene expression system is useful for the study of gene function in vivo and for the development of transgenic animal models relevant to human diseases such as multiple sclerosis.  (+info)

Irinotecan therapy in adults with recurrent or progressive malignant glioma. (3/414)

PURPOSE: To determine the activity, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of irinotecan (CPT-11, Camptosar; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI) in the treatment of adults with progressive, persistent, or recurrent malignant glioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with progressive or recurrent malignant gliomas were enrolled onto this study between October 1996 and August 1997. CPT-11 was given as a 90-minute intravenous (i.v.) infusion at a dose of 125 mg/m2 once weekly for 4 weeks followed by a 2-week rest, which comprised one course. Plasma concentrations of CPT-11 and its metabolites, SN-38 and SN-38 glucuronide (SN-38G), were determined in a subset of patients. RESULTS: All 60 patients who enrolled (36 males and 24 females) were treated with CPT-11 and all were assessable for toxicity, response, and survival. Pharmacokinetic data were available in 32 patients. Nine patients (15%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 24%) had a confirmed partial response, and 33 patients (55%) achieved stable disease lasting more than two courses (12 weeks). Toxicity observed during the study was limited to infrequent neutropenia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. CPT-11, SN-38, and SN-38G area under the plasma concentration-time curves through infinite time values in these patients were approximately 40%, 25%, and 25%, respectively, of those determined previously in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer not receiving antiepileptics or chronic dexamethasone treatment. CONCLUSION: Response results document that CPT-11, given with a standard starting dose and treatment schedule, has activity in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. However, the low incidence of severe toxicity and low plasma concentrations of CPT-11 and SN-38 achieved in this patient population suggest that concurrent treatment with anticonvulsants and dexamethasone enhances drug clearance.  (+info)

Locoregional regulatory peptide receptor targeting with the diffusible somatostatin analogue 90Y-labeled DOTA0-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC): a pilot study in human gliomas. (4/414)

Human gliomas, especially of low-grade type, have been shown to express high-affinity somatostatin receptor type 2 (J-C. Reubi et al., Am. J. Pathol, 134: 337-344, 1989). We enrolled seven low-grade and four anaplastic glioma patients in a pilot study using the diffusible peptidic vector 90Y-labeled DOTA0-D-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) for receptor targeting. The radiopharmakon was locoregionally injected into a stereotactically inserted Port-a-cath. DOTATOC competes specifically with somatostatin binding to somatostatin receptor type 2 in the low nanomolar range as shown by a displacement curve of 125I-[Tyr3]-octreotide in tumor tissue sections. Diagnostic (111)In-labeled DOTATOC-scintigraphy following local injection displayed homogeneous to nodular intratumoral vector distribution. The cumulative activity of regionally injected peptide-bound 90Y amounted to 370-3300 MBq, which is equivalent to an effective dose range between 60 +/- 15 and 550 +/- 110 Gy. Activity was injected in one to four fractions according to tumor volumes; 1110 MBq of 90Y-labeled DOTATOC was the maximum activity per single injection. We obtained six disease stabilizations and shrinking of a cystic low-grade astrocytoma component. The only toxicity observed was secondary perifocal edema. The activity:dose ratio (MBq:Gy) represents a measure for the stability of peptide retention in receptor-positive tissue and might predict the clinical course. We conclude that SR-positive human gliomas, especially of low-grade type, can be successfully targeted by intratumoral injection of the metabolically stable small regulatory peptide DOTATOC.  (+info)

Macrophage infiltration and heme oxygenase-1 expression correlate with angiogenesis in human gliomas. (5/414)

Macrophages are key participants in angiogenesis. In this study on human brain tumors, we first investigated whether macrophage infiltration is associated with angiogenesis and malignant histological appearance. Immunostaining of macrophages and small vessels in resected glioma specimens indicated that numbers of infiltrating macrophages and small vessel density were higher in glioblastomas than in astrocytomas or anaplastic astrocytomas. Macrophage infiltration was closely correlated with vascular density in human gliomas. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, was also associated with activated macrophages. Expression of mRNA encoding HO-1 was correlated with macrophage infiltration and vascular density in human glioma samples. Infiltrating macrophages were positively stained with anti-HO-1 antibody by immunohistochemical analysis, and in situ hybridization for HO-1 indicated that HO-1 was expressed in infiltrating macrophages in gliomas. HO-1 gene may be a useful marker for macrophage infiltration as well as neovascularization in human gliomas.  (+info)

Familial gliomas : a case report. (6/414)

Two non-twin brothers were found to have intracranial malignant neoplasms. The age of presentation was third and fourth decade but the onset was simultaneous, at the same time. Diagnosis in each of them was made by computed tomography and confirmed by histopathology. Elder among them had cellular ependymoma and the younger had oligodendroglioma. Both the brothers received radiotherapy post operatively and were surviving asymptomatically without any neurological deficit, leading active life as police constable, 12 months after surgical treatment.  (+info)

Molecular genetic aspects of oligodendrogliomas including analysis by comparative genomic hybridization. (7/414)

Oligodendroglial neoplasms are a subgroup of gliomas with distinctive morphological characteristics. In the present study we have evaluated a series of these tumors to define their molecular profiles and to determine whether there is a relationship between molecular genetic parameters and histological pattern in this tumor type. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for 1p and 19q was seen in 17/23 (74%) well-differentiated oligodendrogliomas, in 18/23 (83%) anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, and in 3/8 (38%) oligoastrocytomas grades II and III. LOH for 17p and/or mutations of the TP53 gene occurred in 14 of these 55 tumors. Only one of the 14 cases with 17p LOH/TP53 gene mutation also had LOH for 1p and 19q, and significant astrocytic elements were seen histologically in the majority of these 14 tumors. LOH for 9p and/or deletion of the CDKN2A gene occurred in 15 of these 55 tumors, and 11 of these cases were among the 24 (42%) anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) identified the majority of cases with 1p and 19q loss and, in addition, showed frequent loss of chromosomes 4, 14, 15, and 18. These findings demonstrate that oligodendroglial neoplasms usually have loss of 1p and 19q whereas astrocytomas of the progressive type frequently contain mutations of the TP53 gene, and that 9p loss and CDKN2A deletions are associated with progression from well-differentiated to anaplastic oligodendrogliomas.  (+info)

Localization of common deletion regions on 1p and 19q in human gliomas and their association with histological subtype. (8/414)

Allelic alterations of chromosomes 1 and 19 are frequent events in human diffuse gliomas and have recently proven to be strong predictors of chemotherapeutic response and prolonged survival in oligodendrogliomas (Cairncross et al., 1998; Smith et al., submitted). Using 115 human diffuse gliomas, we localized regions of common allelic loss on chromosomes 1 and 19 and assessed the association of these deletion intervals with glioma histological subtypes. Further, we evaluated the capacity of multiple modalities to detect these alterations, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The correlation coefficients for detection of 1p and 19q alterations, respectively, between modalities were: 0.98 and 0.87 for LOH and FISH, 0.79 and 0.60 for LOH and CGH, and 0.79 and 0.53 for FISH and CGH. Minimal deletion regions were defined on 19q13.3 (D19S412-D19S596) and 1p (D1S468-D1S1612). Loss of the 1p36 region was found in 18% of astrocytomas (10/55) and in 73% (24/33) of oligodendrogliomas (P < 0.0001), and loss of the 19q13.3 region was found in 38% (21/55) of astrocytomas and 73% (24/33) of oligodendrogliomas (P = 0.0017). Loss of both regions was found in 11% (6/55) of astrocytomas and in 64% (21/33) of oligodendrogliomas (P < 0.0001). All gliomas with LOH on either 1p or 19q demonstrated loss of the corresponding FISH probe, 1p36 or 19q13.3, suggesting not only locations of putative tumor suppressor genes, but also a simple assay for assessment of 1p and 19q alterations as diagnostic and prognostic markers.  (+info)

Oligodendroglioma is a type of brain tumor that originates from the glial cells, specifically the oligodendrocytes, which normally provide support and protection for the nerve cells (neurons) within the brain. This type of tumor is typically slow-growing and located in the cerebrum, particularly in the frontal or temporal lobes.

Oligodendrogliomas are characterized by their distinct appearance under a microscope, where the tumor cells have a round nucleus with a clear halo around it, resembling a "fried egg." They often contain calcifications and have a tendency to infiltrate the brain tissue, making them difficult to completely remove through surgery.

Oligodendrogliomas are classified based on their genetic profile, which includes the presence or absence of certain chromosomal abnormalities like 1p/19q co-deletion. This genetic information can help predict the tumor's behavior and response to specific treatments. Overall, oligodendrogliomas tend to have a better prognosis compared to other types of brain tumors, but their treatment and management depend on various factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the extent of the tumor.

Brain neoplasms, also known as brain tumors, are abnormal growths of cells within the brain. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign brain tumors typically grow slowly and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause serious problems if they press on sensitive areas of the brain. Malignant brain tumors, on the other hand, are cancerous and can grow quickly, invading surrounding brain tissue and spreading to other parts of the brain or spinal cord.

Brain neoplasms can arise from various types of cells within the brain, including glial cells (which provide support and insulation for nerve cells), neurons (nerve cells that transmit signals in the brain), and meninges (the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord). They can also result from the spread of cancer cells from other parts of the body, known as metastatic brain tumors.

Symptoms of brain neoplasms may vary depending on their size, location, and growth rate. Common symptoms include headaches, seizures, weakness or paralysis in the limbs, difficulty with balance and coordination, changes in speech or vision, confusion, memory loss, and changes in behavior or personality.

Treatment for brain neoplasms depends on several factors, including the type, size, location, and grade of the tumor, as well as the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Human chromosome pair 19 refers to a group of 19 identical chromosomes that are present in every cell of the human body, except for the sperm and egg cells which contain only 23 chromosomes. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that carry genetic information in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules.

Each chromosome is made up of two arms, a shorter p arm and a longer q arm, separated by a centromere. Human chromosome pair 19 is an acrocentric chromosome, which means that the centromere is located very close to the end of the short arm (p arm).

Chromosome pair 19 contains approximately 58 million base pairs of DNA and encodes for around 1,400 genes. It is one of the most gene-dense chromosomes in the human genome, with many genes involved in important biological processes such as metabolism, immunity, and neurological function.

Abnormalities in chromosome pair 19 have been associated with various genetic disorders, including Sotos syndrome, which is characterized by overgrowth, developmental delay, and distinctive facial features, and Smith-Magenis syndrome, which is marked by intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and distinct physical features.

Human chromosome pair 1 refers to the first pair of chromosomes in a set of 23 pairs found in the cells of the human body, excluding sex cells (sperm and eggs). Each cell in the human body, except for the gametes, contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. These chromosomes are rod-shaped structures that contain genetic information in the form of DNA.

Chromosome pair 1 is the largest pair, making up about 8% of the total DNA in a cell. Each chromosome in the pair consists of two arms - a shorter p arm and a longer q arm - connected at a centromere. Chromosome 1 carries an estimated 2,000-2,500 genes, which are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins or regulating gene expression.

Defects or mutations in the genes located on chromosome 1 can lead to various genetic disorders and diseases, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, Huntington's disease, and certain types of cancer.

Astrocytoma is a type of brain tumor that arises from astrocytes, which are star-shaped glial cells in the brain. These tumors can occur in various parts of the brain and can have different grades of malignancy, ranging from low-grade (I or II) to high-grade (III or IV). Low-grade astrocytomas tend to grow slowly and may not cause any symptoms for a long time, while high-grade astrocytomas are more aggressive and can grow quickly, causing neurological problems.

Symptoms of astrocytoma depend on the location and size of the tumor but may include headaches, seizures, weakness or numbness in the limbs, difficulty speaking or swallowing, changes in vision or behavior, and memory loss. Treatment options for astrocytomas include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. The prognosis for astrocytoma varies widely depending on the grade and location of the tumor, as well as the age and overall health of the patient.

Lomustine is a medical term for a specific antineoplastic agent, which is a type of medication used to treat cancer. It's a nitrosourea compound that is classified as an alkylating agent, meaning it works by preventing the reproduction of cancer cells. Lomustine is used in the treatment of various types of cancer, including brain tumors, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It's usually administered orally in the form of a capsule. As with any medication, it can have side effects, which can include nausea, vomiting, and lowered blood cell counts.

A glioma is a type of tumor that originates from the glial cells in the brain. Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for nerve cells (neurons) within the central nervous system, including providing nutrients, maintaining homeostasis, and insulating neurons.

Gliomas can be classified into several types based on the specific type of glial cell from which they originate. The most common types include:

1. Astrocytoma: Arises from astrocytes, a type of star-shaped glial cells that provide structural support to neurons.
2. Oligodendroglioma: Develops from oligodendrocytes, which produce the myelin sheath that insulates nerve fibers.
3. Ependymoma: Originate from ependymal cells, which line the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) in the brain and spinal cord.
4. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM): A highly aggressive and malignant type of astrocytoma that tends to spread quickly within the brain.

Gliomas can be further classified based on their grade, which indicates how aggressive and fast-growing they are. Lower-grade gliomas tend to grow more slowly and may be less aggressive, while higher-grade gliomas are more likely to be aggressive and rapidly growing.

Symptoms of gliomas depend on the location and size of the tumor but can include headaches, seizures, cognitive changes, and neurological deficits such as weakness or paralysis in certain parts of the body. Treatment options for gliomas may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Procarbazine is an antineoplastic agent, specifically an alkylating agent, used in the treatment of certain types of cancer such as Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain tumors. It works by interfering with the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Procarbazine is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to increase its effectiveness.

It is important to note that procarbazine can have significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakness. It can also suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infection. Additionally, it can cause damage to cells outside of the cancerous tissue, which can result in side effects such as hair loss and mouth sores.

Procarbazine is a prescription medication that should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional. It is important for patients to follow their doctor's instructions carefully when taking this medication and to report any side effects or concerns promptly.

Supratentorial neoplasms refer to tumors that originate in the region of the brain located above the tentorium cerebelli, which is a dual layer of dura mater (the protective outer covering of the brain) that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. This area includes the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland. Supratentorial neoplasms can be benign or malignant and may arise from various cell types such as neurons, glial cells, meninges, or blood vessels. They can cause a variety of neurological symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth.

Ganglioglioma is a rare, typically slow-growing tumor that occurs in the brain or spinal cord. It is composed of both neuronal (ganglion cell) and glial elements. These tumors most commonly occur in the temporal lobe of the brain and are usually found in children and young adults.

Gangliogliomas can be benign or malignant, with the majority being low-grade (benign). Symptoms vary depending on the location of the tumor but may include seizures, headaches, changes in behavior or cognition, and motor weakness or paralysis. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, and in some cases, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be recommended.

It's important to note that while I strive to provide accurate information, my responses should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for any medical concerns.

Dacarbazine is a medical term that refers to a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is an alkylating agent, which means it works by modifying the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from dividing and growing. Dacarbazine is often used to treat malignant melanoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcomas.

The drug is typically administered intravenously in a hospital or clinic setting, and the dosage and schedule may vary depending on the type and stage of cancer being treated, as well as the patient's overall health and response to treatment. Common side effects of dacarbazine include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weakness or fatigue. More serious side effects, such as low white blood cell counts, anemia, and liver damage, may also occur.

It is important for patients receiving dacarbazine to follow their doctor's instructions carefully and report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly. Regular monitoring of blood counts and other laboratory tests may be necessary to ensure safe and effective treatment.

Spinal cord neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors within the spinal cord. These can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). They originate from the cells within the spinal cord itself (primary tumors), or they may spread to the spinal cord from other parts of the body (metastatic tumors). Spinal cord neoplasms can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size, including back pain, neurological deficits, and even paralysis. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

The oncogene proteins v-erbB are derived from the erbB oncogene, which is a retroviral oncogene first discovered in avian erythroblastosis viruses (AEV). The erbB oncogene is homologous to the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/erbB-2) gene, which encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor involved in cell proliferation and differentiation.

The v-erbB oncogene protein is a truncated and mutated version of the normal EGFR/erbB-1 receptor, which has lost its extracellular ligand-binding domain and gained constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. This results in uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to the development of cancer.

The v-erbB oncogene protein has been extensively studied as a model system for understanding the molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis and has provided valuable insights into the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Additionally, the study of v-erbB and other oncogenes has led to the development of targeted cancer therapies that inhibit the activity of these aberrant proteins and slow or stop the growth of cancer cells.

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate in the presence of NAD+ or NADP+, producing NADH or NADPH respectively. This reaction occurs in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which is a crucial metabolic pathway in the cell's energy production and biosynthesis of various molecules. There are three isoforms of IDH found in humans: IDH1 located in the cytosol, IDH2 in the mitochondrial matrix, and IDH3 within the mitochondria. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 have been associated with several types of cancer, such as gliomas and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to abnormal accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate, which can contribute to tumorigenesis.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms refer to tumors that develop within the cerebral ventricles, which are fluid-filled spaces in the brain. These tumors can arise from various types of cells within the ventricular system, including the ependymal cells that line the ventricles, choroid plexus cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid, or other surrounding tissues.

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size and location, such as headaches, nausea, vomiting, vision changes, imbalance, weakness, or difficulty with mental tasks. The treatment options for these tumors may include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the type and extent of the tumor. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence and manage any long-term effects of treatment.

Antineoplastic agents, alkylating, are a class of chemotherapeutic drugs that work by alkylating (adding alkyl groups) to DNA, which can lead to the death or dysfunction of cancer cells. These agents can form cross-links between strands of DNA, preventing DNA replication and transcription, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Examples of alkylating agents include cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and cisplatin. While these drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect normal cells that divide quickly, such as those in the bone marrow and digestive tract, leading to side effects like anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and nausea/vomiting.

Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) is a term used in genetics to describe the loss of one copy of a gene or a segment of a chromosome, where there was previously a pair of different genes or chromosomal segments (heterozygous). This can occur due to various genetic events such as mutation, deletion, or mitotic recombination.

LOH is often associated with the development of cancer, as it can lead to the loss of tumor suppressor genes, which normally help to regulate cell growth and division. When both copies of a tumor suppressor gene are lost or inactivated, it can result in uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of a tumor.

In medical terms, LOH is used as a biomarker for cancer susceptibility, progression, and prognosis. It can also be used to identify individuals who may be at increased risk for certain types of cancer, or to monitor patients for signs of cancer recurrence.

Vincristine is an antineoplastic agent, specifically a vinca alkaloid. It is derived from the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus). Vincristine binds to tubulin, a protein found in microtubules, and inhibits their polymerization, which results in disruption of mitotic spindles leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (programmed cell death). It is used in the treatment of various types of cancer including leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors. Common side effects include peripheral neuropathy, constipation, and alopecia.

Ependymoma is a type of brain or spinal cord tumor that develops from the ependymal cells that line the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces) in the brain, or the central canal of the spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and they can cause various symptoms depending on their location and size.

Ependymomas are relatively rare, accounting for about 2-3% of all primary brain and central nervous system tumors. They most commonly occur in children and young adults, but they can also affect older individuals. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy, depending on the grade and location of the tumor. The prognosis for ependymomas varies widely, with some patients experiencing long-term survival and others having more aggressive tumors that are difficult to treat.

In situ hybridization, fluorescence (FISH) is a type of molecular cytogenetic technique used to detect and localize the presence or absence of specific DNA sequences on chromosomes through the use of fluorescent probes. This technique allows for the direct visualization of genetic material at a cellular level, making it possible to identify chromosomal abnormalities such as deletions, duplications, translocations, and other rearrangements.

The process involves denaturing the DNA in the sample to separate the double-stranded molecules into single strands, then adding fluorescently labeled probes that are complementary to the target DNA sequence. The probe hybridizes to the complementary sequence in the sample, and the location of the probe is detected by fluorescence microscopy.

FISH has a wide range of applications in both clinical and research settings, including prenatal diagnosis, cancer diagnosis and monitoring, and the study of gene expression and regulation. It is a powerful tool for identifying genetic abnormalities and understanding their role in human disease.

Glioblastoma, also known as Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is a highly aggressive and malignant type of brain tumor that arises from the glial cells in the brain. These tumors are characterized by their rapid growth, invasion into surrounding brain tissue, and resistance to treatment.

Glioblastomas are composed of various cell types, including astrocytes and other glial cells, which make them highly heterogeneous and difficult to treat. They typically have a poor prognosis, with a median survival rate of 14-15 months from the time of diagnosis, even with aggressive treatment.

Symptoms of glioblastoma can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor but may include headaches, seizures, nausea, vomiting, memory loss, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, changes in personality or behavior, and weakness or paralysis on one side of the body.

Standard treatment for glioblastoma typically involves surgical resection of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. However, despite these treatments, glioblastomas often recur, leading to a poor overall prognosis.

Human chromosome pair 10 refers to a group of genetic materials that are present in every cell of the human body. Chromosomes are thread-like structures that carry our genes and are located in the nucleus of most cells. They come in pairs, with one set inherited from each parent.

Chromosome pair 10 is one of the 22 autosomal chromosome pairs, meaning they contain genes that are not related to sex determination. Each member of chromosome pair 10 is a single, long DNA molecule that contains thousands of genes and other genetic material.

Chromosome pair 10 is responsible for carrying genetic information that influences various traits and functions in the human body. Some of the genes located on chromosome pair 10 are associated with certain medical conditions, such as hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Waardenburg syndrome type 2A.

It's important to note that while chromosomes carry genetic information, not all variations in the DNA sequence will result in a change in phenotype or function. Some variations may have no effect at all, while others may lead to changes in how proteins are made and function, potentially leading to disease or other health issues.

Medical Definition:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or three-dimensional images of the internal structures of the body. The patient lies within a large, cylindrical magnet, and the scanner detects changes in the direction of the magnetic field caused by protons in the body. These changes are then converted into detailed images that help medical professionals to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions, such as tumors, injuries, or diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, heart, blood vessels, joints, and other internal organs. MRI does not use radiation like computed tomography (CT) scans.

A chromosome deletion is a type of genetic abnormality that occurs when a portion of a chromosome is missing or deleted. Chromosomes are thread-like structures located in the nucleus of cells that contain our genetic material, which is organized into genes.

Chromosome deletions can occur spontaneously during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) or can be inherited from a parent. They can affect any chromosome and can vary in size, from a small segment to a large portion of the chromosome.

The severity of the symptoms associated with a chromosome deletion depends on the size and location of the deleted segment. In some cases, the deletion may be so small that it does not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, larger deletions can lead to developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, physical abnormalities, and various medical conditions.

Chromosome deletions are typically detected through a genetic test called karyotyping, which involves analyzing the number and structure of an individual's chromosomes. Other more precise tests, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), may also be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the specific location and size of the deletion.

A fatal outcome is a term used in medical context to describe a situation where a disease, injury, or illness results in the death of an individual. It is the most severe and unfortunate possible outcome of any medical condition, and is often used as a measure of the severity and prognosis of various diseases and injuries. In clinical trials and research, fatal outcome may be used as an endpoint to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different treatments or interventions.

Neoplasm grading is a system used by pathologists to classify the degree of abnormality in cells that make up a tumor (neoplasm). It provides an assessment of how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread. The grade helps doctors predict the prognosis and determine the best treatment options.

Neoplasm grading typically involves evaluating certain cellular features under a microscope, such as:

1. Differentiation or degree of maturity: This refers to how closely the tumor cells resemble their normal counterparts in terms of size, shape, and organization. Well-differentiated tumors have cells that look more like normal cells and are usually slower growing. Poorly differentiated tumors have cells that appear very abnormal and tend to grow and spread more aggressively.

2. Mitotic count: This is the number of times the tumor cells divide (mitosis) within a given area. A higher mitotic count indicates a faster-growing tumor.

3. Necrosis: This refers to areas of dead tissue within the tumor. A significant amount of necrosis may suggest a more aggressive tumor.

Based on these and other factors, pathologists assign a grade to the tumor using a standardized system, such as the Bloom-Richardson or Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grading systems for breast cancer or the Fuhrman grading system for kidney cancer. The grade usually consists of a number or a range (e.g., G1, G2, G3, or G4) or a combination of grades (e.g., low grade, intermediate grade, and high grade).

In general, higher-grade tumors have a worse prognosis than lower-grade tumors because they are more likely to grow quickly, invade surrounding tissues, and metastasize (spread) to other parts of the body. However, neoplasm grading is just one aspect of cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. Other factors, such as the stage of the disease, location of the tumor, patient's overall health, and specific molecular markers, are also considered when making treatment decisions.

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is a type of intermediate filament protein that is primarily found in astrocytes, which are a type of star-shaped glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). These proteins play an essential role in maintaining the structural integrity and stability of astrocytes. They also participate in various cellular processes such as responding to injury, providing support to neurons, and regulating the extracellular environment.

GFAP is often used as a marker for astrocytic activation or reactivity, which can occur in response to CNS injuries, neuroinflammation, or neurodegenerative diseases. Elevated GFAP levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood can indicate astrocyte damage or dysfunction and are associated with several neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Alexander's disease.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Neuroglia, also known as glial cells or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons in the nervous system. They maintain homeostasis, form myelin sheaths around nerve fibers, and provide structural support. They also play a role in the immune response of the central nervous system. Some types of neuroglia include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells.

Central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms refer to a group of abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the brain or spinal cord. These tumors can be benign or malignant, and their growth can compress or disrupt the normal functioning of surrounding brain or spinal cord tissue.

Benign CNS neoplasms are slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause significant problems if they grow large enough to put pressure on vital structures within the brain or spinal cord. Malignant CNS neoplasms, on the other hand, are aggressive tumors that can invade and destroy surrounding tissue. They may also spread to other parts of the CNS or, rarely, to other organs in the body.

CNS neoplasms can arise from various types of cells within the brain or spinal cord, including nerve cells, glial cells (which provide support and insulation for nerve cells), and supportive tissues such as blood vessels. The specific type of CNS neoplasm is often used to help guide treatment decisions and determine prognosis.

Symptoms of CNS neoplasms can vary widely depending on the location and size of the tumor, but may include headaches, seizures, weakness or paralysis, vision or hearing changes, balance problems, memory loss, and changes in behavior or personality. Treatment options for CNS neoplasms may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

The cause of oligodendrogliomas is unknown. Some studies have linked oligodendroglioma with a viral cause. A 2009 Oxford ... Herbert H. Engelhard, M.D., Ph.D., Ana Stelea, M.D., and Arno Mundt, M.D., "Oligodendroglioma and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma ... In WHO 2021 CNS5 Classification, oligodendroglioma is named "Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p/19q-codeleted", and requires ... A single case report has linked oligodendroglioma to irradiation of pituitary adenoma. Oligodendrogliomas cannot currently be ...
"Oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligodendroglioma: clinical features, treatment, and prognosis". Surg Neurol. 60 (5): 443-56. ... The (malignant) anaplastic oligodendroglioma belongs to the group of diffuse glioma and arises in the central nervous system ( ... Anaplastic oligodendroglioma is a neuroepithelial tumor which is believed to originate from oligodendrocytes, a cell type of ... Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas often show a loss of genetic material. About 50 to 70% of WHO grade III anaplastic ...
"Oligodendroglioma". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 21 August 2021. Brain and Spinal Tumors: Hope Through ... There are many possible symptoms of oligodendrogliomas that are similar to other gliomas. These symptoms may include headache, ... like astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, can be divided into low-grade and anaplastic variant, the latter characterized by ... astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma. However, the term "Oligoastrocytoma" is now considered obsolete by the National ...
Oligodendroglioma is another type of glial tumor. They are rare. They normally appear in the white matter of the cerebrum. ... Oligodendroglioma are very different histologically, from brain tissue due to their sharp borders and their distinctive "fried ... Van den Bent, M. J., Reni, M., Gatta, G., & Vecht, C. (2008). Oligodendroglioma. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology, 66(3 ... Oligodendroglioma , and primitive neuroectodermal tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies tumors into different ...
"Oligodendroglioma". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library. Retrieved 21 August 2021. Nicolato A, Gerosa MA, Fina P, Iuzzolino P ... Oligodendrogliomas are incurable but slowly progressive malignant brain tumors. They can be treated with surgical resection, ... A median survival of up to 16.7 years has been reported for grade II oligodendrogliomas. Acoustic neuromas are non-cancerous ... Standard care for anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas is surgery followed by radiotherapy. One study ...
"Oligodendroglioma". Macmillan. Retrieved 7 December 2011. Brüstle, O. (1999). "Building brains: Neural chimeras in the study of ... or they can grow rapidly to form an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. The symptoms for this type of tumor include headaches and ...
The main histomorphologic differential diagnosis is oligodendroglioma. While the tumor cells are dense in some areas, areas ... Most cases described were of non-neuronal origin such as oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, meningioma, choroid plexus papilloma ... in the lateral ventricle that resembles oligodendroglioma on light microscopy. However, the name central neurocytoma was given ...
In 2018, she received treatment for an oligodendroglioma. The Flat-Dweller's Companion (1972) The Liberties of Dublin (1973; ...
"Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma". Science. 333 (6048): 1453-5. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1453B. ...
Tumors of oligodendrocytes are called oligodendrogliomas. The chemotherapy agent Fluorouracil (5-FU) causes damage to the ...
Olson JD, Riedel E, DeAngelis LM (April 2000). "Long-term outcome of low-grade oligodendroglioma and mixed glioma". Neurology. ... The age-standardized 10-year relative survival rate was 47%. One study reported that low-grade oligodendroglioma patients have ... Oligodendrogliomas: oligodendrocytes Brainstem glioma: develop in the brain stem Optic nerve glioma: develop in or around the ... "IDH1 mutations are early events in the development of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas". The American Journal of Pathology. ...
This approach has been successfully applied to detect structural variants in oligodendroglioma, a type of brain cancer. Recent ... "Discovery of structural alterations in solid tumor oligodendroglioma by single molecule analysis". BMC Genomics. 14 (1): 505. ...
... oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligoastrocytomas, glioblastomas, and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas. Gemistocytes are known to have ...
April 2008). "The use of magnetic resonance imaging to noninvasively detect genetic signatures in oligodendroglioma". Clinical ...
He died of an oligodendroglioma on 25 December 2021, at the age of 67. Le veilleur (1984) Notes de passage (1986) Liszt ...
... "hRAD54 gene and 1p high-resolution deletion-mapping analyses in oligodendrogliomas". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 116 (2 ...
According to a review published in 2017, the CIC gene is deleted in 46-53% of analyzed oligodendroglioma tumors as part of the ... According to a review published in 2020, CIC mutations were most often discovered in oligodendroglioma. A genomic translocation ...
Oligodendrogliomas show only rarely mutations in the p53 gene, which is in contrast to other gliomas. Epidermal growth factor ... In one study, classic oligodendrogliomas showed 1p loss in 35 of 42 (83%) cases, 19q loss in 28 of 39 (72%), and these were ... 2008). "Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas with 1p19q codeletion have a proneural gene expression profile". Mol. Cancer. 7 (1): 41. ... Allelic losses on 1p and 19q, either separately or combined, are more common in classic oligodendrogliomas than in either ...
... oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma. ... "IDH1 mutations are early events in the development of astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas". The American Journal of Pathology. ...
J Neurooncol 94:275-278 Chen R, Macdonald DR, Ramsay DA (1995) Primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma. Case report. J ... Primary leptomeningeal oligodendroglioma with documented progression to anaplasia and t(1;19) (q10;p10) in a child. Acta ... High rate of concurrent BRAF-KIAA1549 gene fusion and 1p deletion in disseminated oligodendroglioma-like leptomeningeal ...
Chain-link fencing Oligodendroglioma, a brain tumor with a microscopic chicken wire capillary pattern Ward, Ken. Victorian ...
... he died at the age of 28 from stage III oligodendroglioma, an inoperable brain cancer. Born in Wentzville, Missouri, Skaggs ... and doctors diagnosed him with stage III oligodendroglioma, an inoperable brain cancer, on June 1. In spite of the diagnosis, ...
"Hypoxia specifically and reversibly induces the synthesis of ferritin in oligodendrocytes and human oligodendrogliomas". ...
Myxoid foci and oligodendroglioma-like cells may also be present, though these are not specific to pilocytic astrocytoma. Long- ...
Pilocytic astrocytoma Oligodendroglioma Focal cortical dysplasia Thom M, Toma A, An S, Martinian L, Hadjivassiliou G, Ratilal B ... Other findings suggest that DNTs require a reclassification to associate them with oligodendrogliomas, tumours that arise from ...
FUBP1 gene deletion forms part of the 1p/19q codeletion mutation seen in oligodendroglioma, a form of primary brain tumour. CIC ...
In March 2012 Trippy was diagnosed with a benign oligodendroglioma brain tumor after having a seizure at the end of February. ... After the successful resection of the tumor, it recurred in September 2013 and was diagnosed as anaplastic oligodendroglioma ...
Alterations of chromosome arms 1p and 19q as predictors of survival in oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and mixed ...
Seizures occur in up to 50% of patients with melanoma metastases, oligodendrogliomas, and tumors that have a hemorrhagic ... astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma are among the worst. In these cases, untreated survival usually amounts to only a few months, and ... and oligodendrogliomas. The rapid growth of fast-growing high-grade brain tumors may damage the subcortical network essential ... and thyroid cancer and the primary brain tumors glioblastoma and oligodendroglioma. 2. Spinal Cord Tumor Presentations Pain is ...
In November 2009, Chandler had a seizure at his home and was later diagnosed with anaplastic oligodendroglioma, a malignant ...
The cause of oligodendrogliomas is unknown. Some studies have linked oligodendroglioma with a viral cause. A 2009 Oxford ... Herbert H. Engelhard, M.D., Ph.D., Ana Stelea, M.D., and Arno Mundt, M.D., "Oligodendroglioma and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma ... In WHO 2021 CNS5 Classification, oligodendroglioma is named "Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant, and 1p/19q-codeleted", and requires ... A single case report has linked oligodendroglioma to irradiation of pituitary adenoma. Oligodendrogliomas cannot currently be ...
Oligodendrogliomas (ODs) are primary glial brain tumors that are divided into grade II and anaplastic grade III tumors (World ... Oligodendrogliomas. The classic appearance of the oligodendroglioma is that of a round to oval, water-clear cytoplasm ringing ... Oligodendrogliomas. Oligodendrogliomas with vascular proliferation and significant mitotic activity are best considered to be ... Oligodendrogliomas. Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas frequently take on eosinophilic cytoplasm and hyperchromasia of the nuclei. ...
Oligodendroglioma. Oligodendroglioma is a growth of cells that starts in the brain. The growth of cells, called a tumor, begins ... Oligodendroglioma treatments include:. * Surgery to remove the tumor. The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the ... Oligodendroglioma is most common in adults, but it can happen at any age. Symptoms include seizures, headaches, and weakness or ... Tests and procedures used to diagnose oligodendroglioma include:. *Neurological exam. During a neurological exam, youre asked ...
Learn about the outlook for oligodendroglioma, including causes and treatment options. ... Oligodendroglioma is a rare tumor that occurs in the brain. It belongs to a group of brain tumors called gliomas. Gliomas are ... The outlook for oligodendroglioma tumors depends on the grading scale of the tumor, the overall health of the person who is ... People with oligodendrogliomas have a higher survival rate than most other brain tumors. There are many treatment options ...
The final clearing of all tumor tissue to normal margins was done with the ultrasonic dissector ...
Grade III: Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma.. He is only 34 years old and I have no idea how to cope with this bad news. We dont ... my son was diagnosed with anaplastic oligodendroglioma III in feb 2008.. in april 2011 they found it again and he had full head ... my son was diagnosed with anaplastic oligodendroglioma III in feb 2008.. in april 2011 they found it again and he had full head ... My husband was diagnosed with an anaplastic oligodendroglioma III in June of 2008. I will be happy to answer any questions you ...
In oligodendrogliomas, there was an association between older age at diagnosis and positivity for CD117 (,i,P,/i, = 0.039). In ... Ependymomas and oligodendrogliomas, in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded blocks were assayed for CD117 immunoreactivity ... In oligodendrogliomas, there was an association between older age at diagnosis and positivity for CD117 (P = 0.039). In ... Evaluation of the Expression of C-kit (CD117) in Ependymomas and Oligodendrogliomas. Lisiane Silveira Zavalhia. ,1Mirian ...
BioChains formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue section line encompasses a large selection of tissue sections which are suitable for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays. The tissue sections are approximately 5 µm thick. For tho
Standard care of adjuvant treatment for anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOA) is not yet ... Does giving chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both improve survival in people with rare (anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and ... Traditionally, the standard of care for people with rare anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (brain ... Lecavalier-Barsoum M, Quon H, Abdulkarim B. Adjuvant treatment of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas. Cochrane ...
RT, RT + TMZ, or TMZ for Newly Diagnosed 1p/19q Codeleted Oligodendroglioma. Neuro-Oncology. ... CODEL: Phase III Study of RT, RT + TMZ, or TMZ for Newly Diagnosed 1p/19q Codeleted Oligodendroglioma. Analysis From the ...
"Correlation of 1p-19q-defects in human gliomas with the light microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma." Mod Pathol 17, no. ... Correlation of 1p-19q-defects in human gliomas with the light microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma.. Publication , ... "Correlation of 1p-19q-defects in human gliomas with the light microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma." Mod Pathol, vol. 17 ... Correlation of 1p-19q-defects in human gliomas with the light microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. Mod Pathol, 17(5), ...
Depending on which glial cells are responsible, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, or glioblastoma tumors may form. Glioblastomas ...
Foods for Oligodendroglioma!. Jul 26, 2023. Introduction Foods for Oligodendroglioma should be personalized for each individual ...
... nurses and a full support staff at Tufts Medical Center in Boston treat Oligodendroglioma. ...
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma is a cancer for which foods and supplements recommended and those to avoid must be personalized to ... Tags: Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma , Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma chemotherapy , Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma genetic , ... diet Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma , foods for Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma , foods to avoid for Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma , ... Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma genetic mutations , Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma genetic risk , Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma ...
Osteosclerosis secondary to metastatic oligodendroglioma. / Maloney, Patrick Ryan; Yamaki, Vitor Nagai; Kumar, Ravi et al. In: ... Osteosclerosis secondary to metastatic oligodendroglioma. Rare Tumors. 2017 Mar 31;9(1):23-25. 6837. doi: 10.4081/rt.2017.6837 ... Osteosclerosis secondary to metastatic oligodendroglioma. Patrick Ryan Maloney, Vitor Nagai Yamaki, Ravi Kumar, Derek Johnson, ... Osteosclerosis secondary to metastatic oligodendroglioma. In: Rare Tumors. 2017 ; Vol. 9, No. 1. pp. 23-25. ...
There are numerous approaches that may provide some benefit to people diagnosed with oligodendroglioma. They are not a ...
TCF12 is mutated in anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Nat Commun. 2015 Jun 12; 6:7207. ...
Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma. I was wondering if anyone has chosen not to do radiation and or chemo after being diagnosed with ... I would certainly recommend some form of treatment for anaplastic oligodendroglioma, irrespective of the 1p/19q status - ... Gliomas may be of types such as oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, and occasionally, mixed oligoastrocytomas. Gliomas occur in 4 ...
Extraneural metastases of anaplastic oligodendroglioma.. Seong Rok Han, Sang Won Yoon, Gi Taek Yee, Chan Young Choi, Dong Joon ... That oligodendroglioma frequently seeds within the CNS is well known. However, extraneural metastases of anaplastic ... oligodendroglioma are rare. We report a 50-year-old woman who developed multiple lung and liver metastases 28 months after ...
Depending on the individual cell of origin, gliomas can be further categorised as e.g. astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or ... The 1p/19q deletion is a diagnostic marker to differentiate between astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma and a positive prognostic ... and oligodendrogliomas (grade II). Higher grade gliomas, i.e. the anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and the glioblastoma ( ...
Oligodendrogliomas. Oligodendrogliomas are a type of brain tumor that affect protective cells called oligodendrocytes. Read ...
Low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. Edmonton (Alberta): Alberta Health Services, Cancer Care; 2012 May. 11 p. ( ... National Guideline Clearinghouse , Low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.. February 18, 2013. Guideline Title ...
Clinicopathologic features of pediatric oligodendrogliomas: a series of 50 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014 Aug; 38(8):1058-70 ...
... glioblastomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas). Most samples from primary tumors expressed P-gp at the same levels as normal ...
Oligodendroglioma - children; Meningioma - children; Cancer - brain tumor (children) ...
We report here that microvesicles shed by oligodendroglioma cells contain an aggrecanase activity, cleaving aggrecan at sites ... Our findings raise the novel possibility that microvesicles may assist oligodendroglioma and rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to ... The oligodendroglioma cells were shown to express the three most active aggrecanases, namely Adamts1, Adamts4 and Adamts5, ... Microvesicles shed by oligodendroglioma cells and rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts contain aggrecanase activity. ...
Imaging Correlates of Molecular Signatures in Oligodendrogliomas Joseph F. Megyesi, Edward Kachur, Donald H. Lee, Magdalena C. ... View article titled, Imaging Correlates of Molecular Signatures in Oligodendrogliomas Open the PDF for Imaging Correlates of ... Molecular Subtypes of Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma: Implications for Patient Management at Diagnosis. Yasushi Ino, Rebecca A. ... Open the PDF for Novel ,em,MSH6,/em, Mutations in Treatment-Naïve Glioblastoma and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Contribute to ...
Jered, Oligodendroglioma Survivor. Resources. *Your Faith and Spirituality. *The Will to Live ...
Koeller, K., & Rushing, E. (2005). From the archives of the AFIP - Oligodendroglioma and its variants: Radiologic-pathologic ... From the archives of the AFIP - Oligodendroglioma and its variants: Radiologic-pathologic correlation ...
  • Non-classical variants and combined tumors of both oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma differentiation are seen, making this distinction controversial between different neuropathology groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diagnostic utility of this latter category is uncertain as these tumors may behave either like glioblastoma or grade III Anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The incidence of oligodendrogliomas is around 5% of all central nervous system neuroepithelial tumors. (medscape.com)
  • People with oligodendrogliomas have a higher survival rate than most other brain tumors. (healthline.com)
  • The outlook for oligodendroglioma tumors depends on the grading scale of the tumor, the overall health of the person who is diagnosed, and how early the tumor has been diagnosed. (healthline.com)
  • Depending on which glial cells are responsible, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, or glioblastoma tumors may form. (getquickanswers.com)
  • Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors rarely metastasize outside the CNS, and metastatic oligodendroglioma is rarer still. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The 1p/19q deletion is a diagnostic marker to differentiate between astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma and a positive prognostic marker for patients with oligodendroglial tumors. (kockro.com)
  • In the present study, MDR1 P-gp was immunodetected by Western blot analysis in 60 human brain tumors, including meningiomas, schwannomas, low-grade gliomas (astrocytomas, pilocytic astrocytomas) and high-grade gliomas (anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas). (nih.gov)
  • Conclusions: In isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas, most of the tumors that demonstrated early progression appeared as local, nonlethal lesions, which have been well-controlled by salvage treatments. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate possible risk factors for oligodendroglial tumors (including oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, and mixed glioma). (cdc.gov)
  • All other malignant gliomas including WHO sified anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, grade II and III gliomas are composed of 10.2% of all prima- ry CNS tumors in the United State [1] and 5.3% in Korea [2]. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although, in normal brain tissue, OLIG2 expresses on oligodendrocytes but not on mature astrocytes, it expresses similarly on both adult astrocytoma (including both IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytoma and anaplastic astrocytoma, as well as IDH-wildtype glioblastoma) and oligodendroglioma. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been proposed that WHO guidelines should contain a category for grade IV oligodendrogliomas which essentially appear to be glial neoplasms with overwhelming features of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) arising from known lower grade oligodendrogliomas or GBM with a significant proportion of oligodendroglial differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rarely, astrocytomas contain astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Scope of the Seoul 06351, Korea disease was confined to cerebral anaplastic astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma in adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Oligodendrogliomas are generally dichotomized into grade II (low grade) tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oligodendroglioma is a rare tumor that occurs in the brain. (healthline.com)
  • The life expectancy of a person with an oligodendroglioma depends upon the grade of the tumor and how early it has been diagnosed. (healthline.com)
  • Surgery is typically used for treating oligodendrogliomas, particularly if the tumor is low grade. (healthline.com)
  • Introduction Foods for Oligodendroglioma should be personalized for each individual and also must adapt when cancer treatment or tumor genetic change. (addon.life)
  • Oligodendrogliomas are a type of brain tumor that affect protective cells called oligodendrocytes. (robertjbessmd.com)
  • Proton spectrum of an oligodendroglioma biopsy (central nervous system tumor). (bruker.com)
  • [ 2 ] Prior to 2021, an "anaplastic" tumor was categorized as Grade III regardless of whether the tumor was an anaplastic astrocytoma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, or anaplastic ependymoma. (medscape.com)
  • The patients receiving PT were younger, had a lower tumor grade, more oligodendrogliomas and received a lower mean brain and brainstem dose. (lu.se)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: Correlation of 1p-19q-defects in human gliomas with the light microscopic appearance of oligodendroglioma. (duke.edu)
  • Depending on the individual cell of origin, gliomas can be further categorised as e.g. astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma or ependymoma. (kockro.com)
  • Low-grade gliomas include pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I), which grow very slowly and occur almost only in childhood, as well as diffuse astrocytomas (WHO grade II) and oligodendrogliomas (grade II). (kockro.com)
  • Johnson, DR & Jaeckle, KA 2012, Low Grade Gliomas and Oligodendrogliomas in Adulthood . (elsevierpure.com)
  • Oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II) are among the slowest-growing gliomas. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma that are believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a general rule, people with grade II oligodendrogliomas are likely to live for around 12 years following diagnosis . (healthline.com)
  • In oligodendrogliomas, there was an association between older age at diagnosis and positivity for CD117 ( P = 0.039). (hindawi.com)
  • We searched the scientific literature up to March 2014 for studies of adults over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, anaplastic oligoastrocytomas or anaplastic astrocytomas. (cochrane.org)
  • And if what I eat matters - then how does one identify foods which are recommended for Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma and is it the same answer for everyone with the same diagnosis or genetic risk? (addon.life)
  • A precise diagnosis of oligodendrogliomas using molecular parameters is crucial to receive the best benefit from salvage treatment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • About 66 to 78% of people with a grade 2 oligodendroglioma survive for 5 years or more after diagnosis. (thebraintumourcharity.org)
  • STI571) in treatment of recurrent oligodendroglioma and mixed oligoastrocytoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. (blogspot.com)
  • Ependymomas and oligodendrogliomas, in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded blocks were assayed for CD117 immunoreactivity using anti-c-kit (CD117, DAKO). (hindawi.com)
  • Does giving chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both improve survival in people with rare (anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas) brain tumours? (cochrane.org)
  • citation needed] A single case report has linked oligodendroglioma to irradiation of pituitary adenoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oligodendrogliomas cannot currently be differentiated from other brain lesions solely by their clinical or radiographic appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oligodendrogliomas recapitulate the appearance of the normal resident oligodendroglia of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oligodendrogliomas may invade preferentially around vessels or under the pial surface of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oligodendroglioma is a growth of cells that starts in the brain. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Traditionally, the standard of care for people with rare anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (brain tumours) has been surgery followed by radiotherapy. (cochrane.org)
  • People with grade III oligodendrogliomas are expected to live an average of 3.5 years . (healthline.com)
  • Like astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas can evolve into more aggressive forms, such as anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade III), which are managed accordingly. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CODEL: Phase III Study of RT, RT + TMZ, or TMZ for Newly Diagnosed 1p/19q Codeleted Oligodendroglioma. (practiceupdate.com)
  • However, the clinical impact of salvage treatments on outcomes of patients with recurrent oligodendrogliomas has not been precisely investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Deciding which foods are recommended or not is extremely complicated, requiring expertise in Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma biology, food science, genetics, biochemistry along with good understanding of how cancer treatments work and associated vulnerabilities by which the treatments could stop being effective. (addon.life)
  • Microvesicles shed by oligodendroglioma cells and rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts contain aggrecanase activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We report here that microvesicles shed by oligodendroglioma cells contain an 'aggrecanase' activity, cleaving aggrecan at sites previously identified as targets for adamalysin metalloproteinases with disintegrin and thrombospondin domains (ADAMTSs). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The oligodendroglioma cells were shown to express the three most active aggrecanases, namely Adamts1, Adamts4 and Adamts5, suggesting that one or more of these enzymes may be responsible for the microvesicle activity. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Oligodendroglioma arise mainly in the frontal lobe and in 50-80% of cases, the first symptom is the onset of seizure activity, without having any symptoms beforehand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oligodendrogliomas arise in the cerebral hemispheres and have a predilection for the frontal lobes. (medscape.com)
  • Our findings raise the novel possibility that microvesicles may assist oligodendroglioma and rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts to invade through aggrecan-rich extracellular matrices. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Virtually all oligodendrogliomas also have a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2). (medscape.com)
  • Oligodendrogliomas tend to have the 1p/19q-codeletion and IDH1/2 mutation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A very common nutrition question asked by cancer patients and individuals at-genetic risk of cancer is - for cancers like Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma does it matter what foods I eat and which I do not? (addon.life)
  • Clinicopathologic features of pediatric oligodendrogliomas: a series of 50 patients. (uchicago.edu)
  • Oligodendrogliomas may be diagnosed at any age but occur most commonly in young and middle-aged adults between 25 and 45 years old. (medscape.com)
  • Oligodendroglioma is most common in adults, but it can happen at any age. (mayoclinic.org)
  • Oligodendrogliomas are typically characterized by deletion of the p arm of chromosome 1 and the q arm of chromosome 19 (1p/19q codeletion). (msdmanuals.com)
  • There are many treatment options available and oligodendrogliomas appear to respond well to treatment. (healthline.com)
  • Standard care of adjuvant treatment for anaplastic oligodendrogliomas (AO) and anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOA) is not yet well defined. (cochrane.org)
  • We discuss this rare presentation and potential treatment options, and review the literature in regards to metastatic oligodendrogliomas. (elsevierpure.com)
  • He illustrated the importance of the treatment using the clinical case of a 21-year-old female who presented with new-onset seizure and was found to have an IDH-mutated grade 2 oligodendroglioma. (medscape.com)
  • That oligodendroglioma frequently seeds within the CNS is well known. (qxmd.com)
  • Foods for Oligodendroglioma! (addon.life)
  • Foods you eat matters for Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma! (addon.life)
  • A common mistake made when deciding and choosing foods to eat for Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma - is to evaluate only selected active ingredients contained in foods and ignore the rest. (addon.life)
  • Because different active ingredients contained in foods may have opposing effects on cancer drivers - you cannot cherry pick active ingredients in foods and supplements for making a nutrition decision for Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma. (addon.life)
  • The goal of surgery is to remove as much of the oligodendroglioma as possible. (mayoclinic.org)