Opisthorchis
Thailand
Food Parasitology
Mekong Valley
Laos
Biodosimetry results obtained by various cytogenetic methods and electron spin resonance spectrometry among inhabitants of a radionuclide contaminated area around the siberian chemical plant (Tomsk-7). (1/93)
On April 6, 1993, near the town of Tomsk (Russia) there was an accident at the Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP) which resulted in extensive contamination of an area of 250 km(2) to the north of SCP with long-lived radionuclides such as (239)Pu, (137)Cs and (90)Sr. Cytogenetic methods and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry of tooth enamel were used to estimate the radiation doses received by the population. The ESR signal intensity and the chromosomal aberration frequency in lymphocytes of the tooth donors showed a good correlation. The data showed that 15% of the inhabitants of the Samus settlement received a radiation dose >90 cGy. The exceptions were results of an examination of fishermen, where ESR gave high values (80-210 cGy) but both the chromosome assay and the cytokinesis block micronucleus method gave lower ones (8-52 cGy). A large increase in chromosome damage was observed in people born between 1961 and 1969. It was found that during these years several serious accidents at the Siberian Chemical Plant had occurred causing radiation pollution of the area. The number of cells with chromosome aberrations was significantly less among the people arriving in Samus after 1980. We found good correlations between the level of carotene consumption and a decrease in frequency of both micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes (r = 0.68, P < 0.01) and chromatid aberrations (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) among the inhabitants. We also examined the inhabitants of Samus for opisthorchis infection, which was present in 30% of the population. The Samus inhabitants affected by Opisthorchis felineus showed significantly increased levels of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes and chromatid aberrations as compared with the controls. (+info)Affinity purified oval antigen for diagnosis of Opisthorchiasis viverrini. (2/93)
Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were raised against an oval antigen of the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini which is the causative agent of a parasitosis, i.e. opisthorchiasis in Thailand. The antibodies were used in an affinity column to purify the O. viverrini oval antigen from a crude extract of adult parasites by chromatography. The oval antigen was then used in a membrane (dot) ELISA for detecting antibodies in serum samples of parasitologically confirmed Opisthorchis viverrini infected individuals (adult parasites were found in stools after praziquantel treatment and salt purgation), as well as of individuals infected with other parasites and parasite-free controls. The MAb-based dot-ELISA using the affinity purified O. viverrini oval antigen revealed 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting O. viverrini infection. The test is simple, rapid and highly reproducible. Several samples can be tested at the same time without the requirement for special equipment or much increase in testing time; thus it is suitable for mass screening for O. viverrini exposure, especially in new endemic areas. Furthermore using serum specimens could increase patient and community compliance compared to the conventional parasitological survey which uses stool samples for the detection of O. viverrini ova, without treatment and subsequent salt purgation, this conventional method shows a low sensitivity and is also unpleasant to both the sample donors and the laboratory technicians which has historically shown a further negative impact on the final outcome. (+info)High prevalence of Fasciolopsis buski in an endemic area of liver fluke infection in Thailand. (3/93)
There is a high prevalence of Fasciolopsis buski in Sawasdee Village in the Nam Som District, Udonthani Province in northeastern Thailand, an endemic area of liver fluke infection. From stool examination of 183 villagers participating in the study, the authors detected a fluke parasitic infection rate of 14.8% (27 cases). Of interest, the authors found a similar high prevalence of both Opisthorchis viverrini (16 cases, 8.7%) and F buski (13 cases, 7.1%). This region is the endemic area of liver fluke, not of F buski. The surrounding environment is the hill area of Nayoong Namsom mountain, which is not a suitable area for F buski larvae. However, the village has been inhabited by a number of immigrants from various regions of Thailand over the past few years. The F buski can be carried by these people, possibly explaining the migration of the fluke parasite to this setting. The nonendemic parasite infection was also detected at high prevalence in the community. Wide spectrum control for various parasitic infections in villages like Sawasdee is necessary. (+info)Experimental investigation of opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma induction in the Syrian hamster - pointers for control of the human disease. (4/93)
Appropriate animal models for specific diseases in man can facilitate elucidation of mechanisms underlying tumour development and allow potential interventions and therapeutic regimens to be tested in vivo before consideration for use in the human situation. In the North-east of Thailand exceptionally high levels of cholangiocellular carcinomas (CCCs) are encountered, related to infestation with Opisthorchis viverrini liver flukes. The Syrian hamster can also be infected with metacercariae of the fluke and heavy loads of parasites cause the development of cirrhotic livers. While the presence of flukes alone does not give rise to neoplasms, large yields of cholangiofibrotic lesions and CCCs can be readily induced with additional carcinogenic insult. While removal of the parasite with the antihelminthic drug Praziquantel can protect against carcinogenesis, this is dependent on the timing of the drug administration and the efficacy of application to the human situation remains to be confirmed. The available information would suggest that interest needs to be concentrated on potential chemopreventive agents which could be administered to individuals at high risk. Furthermore, understanding of the genesis of CCCs and the characteristics of preneoplastic lesions, again as assessed in the animal model, might allow novel approaches to identification of early stage cases and effective surgical intervention. (+info)Specific and common antigens of Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini(Opisthorchidae, Trematoda). (5/93)
The antigenic characterizations and serological reactions of human liver flukes, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, were analyzed by immunoblot. The antigenic profiles of the crude extract of Clonorchis contained major proteins of 8, 26-28, 34-37, 43, and 70 kDa, and those of Opisthorchis 34-37, 43, 70, and 100 kDa. Of these, the 8, 26-28 and 34-37 kDa bands of Clonorchis and the 100 kDa of Opisthorchis were major components of each excretory-secretory antigen. The 8 and 26-28 kDa bands were specific to Clonorchis but the 100 kDa of Opisthorchis cross-reacted with the sera of clonorchiasis, and the 34-37, 70 and 100 kDa bands cross-reacted with sera of other helminthiases. The frequency and intensity of the immunoblot reactions were positively correlated with the intensity of the liver fluke infection. (+info)Repeated infection with Opisthorchis viverrini induces accumulation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine in the bile duct of hamsters via inducible nitric oxide synthase. (6/93)
Chronic inflammation induced by repeated infection with Opisthorchis viverrini has been postulated to be a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. To clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis induced by repeated O.viverrini infection, we investigated the timecourse of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitric oxide production and pathological features in hamsters with two (2-IF) or three (3-IF) O.viverrini infections. Inflammatory cell infiltration triggered by repeated infection (3-IF > 2-IF > 1-IF) was earlier than by single infection (1-IF). HPLC coupled with an electrochemical detector revealed that 8-oxodG level in the liver was the highest on day 3 in 3-IF and day 7 in 2-IF, earlier than that on day 21 in 1-IF. Notably, a double immunofluorescence study revealed that formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxodG appeared to increase in the epithelium of bile ducts in the order 3-IF > 2-IF > 1-IF after the decrease in inflammatory cells. This may be explained by the fact that repeated infection increased iNOS expression in the epithelium of bile ducts in the order 3-IF > 2-IF > 1-IF on day 90. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen accumulated in the epithelium of bile ducts on day 90 after repeated O.viverrini infection, supporting the hypothesis that cell proliferation was promoted by inflammation-mediated DNA damage. In conclusion, more frequent O.viverrini infection can induce the expression of iNOS not only in inflammatory cells but also in the epithelium of bile ducts and subsequently cause nitrosative and oxidative damage to nucleic acids, which may participate in the initiation and/or promotion steps of cholangiocarcinoma development. (+info)Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini infection and incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand. (7/93)
Liver cancer is the most common cancer in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand, because of the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), a liver fluke, is endemic in the area, and has been evaluated as a cause of CHCA by International Agency for Research on Cancer. Residents of 20 districts in the province were invited to attend a mobile screening programme between 1990 and 2001. Of 24 723 participants, 18 393 aged 35-69 years were tested for OV infection, by examining stools for the presence of eggs. Prevalence of infection in each district was estimated from the sample of the population who had been tested. The incidence of liver cancer in 1990-2001 was obtained for each district from the cancer registry. The average crude prevalence of OV infection in the sample subjects was 24.5%, ranging from 2.1% to 70.8% in different districts. Truncated age-standardized incidence of CHCA at ages >35 years varied threefold between districts, from 93.8 to 317.6 per 100,000 person-years. After adjustment for age group, sex and period of sampling, there was a positive association between prevalence of OV infection and incidence of CHCA at the population level. Associations between CHCA and active OV infection in individuals have become hard to demonstrate, because of effective anti-OV treatment. The relationship may, however, be clear in comparisons between populations, which, for infectious diseases, take into account the contextual effects of group exposure in determining individual outcome. The cancer registry is an appropriate tool for disease monitoring in small areas. (+info)Opisthorchiasis-associated biliary stones: light and scanning electron microscopic study. (8/93)
AIM: Biliary stones are frequently encountered in areas endemic for opisthorchiasis in Thailand. The present study was to describe the prevalence and pathogenesis of these stones. METHODS: Gallstones and/or common bile duct stones and bile specimens from 113 consecutive cholecystectomies were included. Bile samples, including sludge and/or microcalculi, were examined for Opisthorchis viverrini eggs, calcium and bilirubin. The stones were also processed for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study. RESULTS: Of the 113 cases, 82 had pigment stones, while one had cholesterol stones. The other 30 cases had no stones. Most of the stone cases (76%, 63/83) had multiple stones, while the remainder had a single stone. Stones were more frequently observed in females. Bile examination was positive for O. viverrini eggs in 50% of the cases studied. Aggregates of calcium bilirubinate precipitates were observed in all cases with sludge. Deposition of calcium bilirubinate on the eggshell was visualized by special staining. A SEM study demonstrated the presence of the parasite eggs in the stones. Numerous crystals, morphologically consistent with calcium derivatives and cholesterol precipitates, were seen. CONCLUSION: Northeast Thailand has a high prevalence of pigment stones, as observed at the cholecystectomy, and liver fluke infestation seems involved in the pathogenesis of stone formation. (+info)Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the trematode flatworms of the genus Opisthorchiidae, specifically Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus. These flatworms are transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish that contain the infective larval stage (metacercariae) of the parasite.
Once ingested, the metacercariae excyst in the small intestine and migrate to the bile ducts of the liver, where they mature into adult worms and reside. The adults can live for several years in the host's body, producing eggs that are released into the bile and then passed through the stool.
The infection can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, liver enlargement, and bile duct inflammation. Chronic opisthorchiasis can lead to more severe complications such as cholangitis, cholecystitis, gallstones, and liver cirrhosis. In some cases, it may also increase the risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma, a rare but aggressive form of bile duct cancer.
Preventive measures include avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, particularly in areas where the infection is endemic, and practicing good personal hygiene to prevent fecal-oral transmission. Treatment typically involves the use of anti-parasitic drugs such as praziquantel or albendazole to kill the adult worms and prevent further complications.
Opisthorchis is a genus of trematode flatworms that are commonly known as liver flukes. These parasites primarily infect the bile ducts and liver of various mammals, including humans. The most common species that infect humans are Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus.
Humans become infected with these parasites by consuming raw or undercooked fish that contain the larval stage of the fluke (metacercariae). Once ingested, the metacercariae excyst in the small intestine and migrate to the bile ducts, where they mature into adults. Adult Opisthorchis worms are thin and elongated, with a length of 7-15 mm and a width of 1-3 mm. They have a characteristic brownish color due to their diet, which consists mainly of blood and bile.
Infection with Opisthorchis can lead to chronic inflammation of the bile ducts and liver, which may result in symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Long-term infection has been linked to an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma, a rare but aggressive form of liver cancer.
Prevention of Opisthorchis infection involves avoiding the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, particularly in areas where the parasite is endemic. Infection can also be treated with anti-parasitic drugs such as praziquantel.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Thailand" is not a medical term. It is a country located in Southeast Asia. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those for you!
Food parasitology is not a commonly used term in medical or scientific communities. However, it generally refers to the study of parasites that are transmitted through food, including parasitic protozoa, helminths (worms), and arthropods (e.g., tapeworms, roundworms, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, etc.). Food parasitology involves understanding the life cycles, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these foodborne parasites. It is an important field within medical and veterinary parasitology, as well as food safety and public health.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mekong Valley" is not a term used in medical definitions. The Mekong Valley refers to the geographical region through which the Mekong River flows, including parts of China, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!
Praziquantel is an anthelmintic medication, which is used to treat and prevent trematode (fluke) infections, including schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia or snail fever), clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and fasciolopsiasis. It works by causing severe spasms in the muscle cells of the parasites, ultimately leading to their death. Praziquantel is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally in a single dose, although the dosage may vary depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated.
It's important to note that praziquantel is not effective against tapeworm infections, and other medications such as niclosamide or albendazole are used instead for those infections. Also, Praziquantel should be taken under medical supervision, as it may have some side effects, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache.
It's important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Laos" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, located in Southeast Asia. If you have any questions about medical terms or health-related topics, I'd be happy to try and help answer them!
Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, known as an antigen. They are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens, neutralizing or marking them for destruction by other immune cells.
Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect humans and animals. They include roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes, among others. Helminth infections can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type of worm and the location of the infection.
Antibodies to helminths are produced by the immune system in response to an infection with one of these parasitic worms. These antibodies can be detected in the blood and serve as evidence of a current or past infection. They may also play a role in protecting against future infections with the same type of worm.
There are several different classes of antibodies, including IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Antibodies to helminths are typically of the IgE class, which are associated with allergic reactions and the defense against parasites. IgE antibodies can bind to mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that help to protect against the worm.
In addition to IgE, other classes of antibodies may also be produced in response to a helminth infection. For example, IgG antibodies may be produced later in the course of the infection and can provide long-term immunity to reinfection. IgA antibodies may also be produced and can help to prevent the attachment and entry of the worm into the body.
Overall, the production of antibodies to helminths is an important part of the immune response to these parasitic worms. However, in some cases, the presence of these antibodies may also be associated with allergic reactions or other immunological disorders.
Helminth antigens refer to the proteins or other molecules found on the surface or within helminth parasites that can stimulate an immune response in a host organism. Helminths are large, multicellular parasitic worms that can infect various tissues and organs in humans and animals, causing diseases such as schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and soil-transmitted helminthiases.
Helminth antigens can be recognized by the host's immune system as foreign invaders, leading to the activation of various immune cells and the production of antibodies. However, many helminths have evolved mechanisms to evade or suppress the host's immune response, allowing them to establish long-term infections.
Studying helminth antigens is important for understanding the immunology of helminth infections and developing new strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Some researchers have also explored the potential therapeutic use of helminth antigens or whole helminths as a way to modulate the immune system and treat autoimmune diseases or allergies. However, more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these approaches.
Opisthorchiasis
Integrated Opisthorchiasis Control Program
Opisthorchis viverrini
Siberian State Medical University
Trematodiasis
Cathepsin F
Liver fluke
Neglected tropical diseases
Trematoda
Opisthorchis felineus
Bakun Dam
Opisthorchis
Tribendimidine
Gastropod-borne parasitic disease
Carcinogenesis
Praziquantel
Cholangiocarcinoma
Freshwater snail
Banchob Sripa
Carcinogenic parasite
Snail
Khon Kaen province
Clonorchiasis
Helminthiasis
Albendazole
List of MeSH codes (C03)
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Opisthorchiasis - Wikipedia
CDC - DPDx - Opisthorchiasis
What does OPISTHORCHIASIS stand for?
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Opisthorchis6
- Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic disease caused by certain species of genus Opisthorchis (specifically, Opisthorchis viverrini and Opisthorchis felineus). (wikipedia.org)
- The role of various intermediate and definitive host species in the dissemination of Opisthorchis felineus from the Ob-Irtysh focus of opisthorchiasis]. (nih.gov)
- Opisthorchiasis is infection with Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) or O. felineus (cat liver fluke), which are acquired by eating infected raw or undercooked fish that contains infectious metacercariae (encysted stage). (msdmanuals.com)
- The food-borne liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus is an epidemiologically important species and the causative agent of opisthorchiasis across an extensive territory of Eurasia. (nih.gov)
- Opisthorchiasis, the disease caused by Opisthorchis felineus, ranges in severity from asymptomatic infection to severe illness. (wikidoc.org)
- From the point of view of human medicine the most important species are Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus, causing opisthorchiasis (similar to clonorchiasis for the infection of Clonorchis sinensis disease). (ivami.com)
Fascioliasis3
- Along with other foodborne trematode infections such as clonorchiasis, fascioliasis and paragonimiasis, opisthorchiasis is listed among the World Health Organization's list of neglected tropical diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Flukes that cause schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, fascioliasis, clonorchiasis, and opisthorchiasis are included in the World Health Organization (WHO) list of neglected tropical diseases (NTD) to which interventions for poor and marginalized populations are prioritized given the significant health burden. (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] These include clonorchiasis (Chinese liver fluke disease), fascioliasis (sheep liver fluke disease), opisthorchiasis (fish liver fluke disease), and paragonimiasis (lung fluke disease). (medscape.com)
Praziquantel4
- Treatment of opisthorchiasis is usually accomplished with praziquantel. (wikipedia.org)
- A single dose of praziquantel of 40 mg/kg is effective against opisthorchiasis (and also against schistosomiasis). (wikipedia.org)
- For decades, treatment of opisthorchiasis has been based on praziquantel. (nih.gov)
- Treatment of opisthorchiasis is generally with a single dose of praziquantel . (wikidoc.org)
Cholangiocarcinoma4
- In humans, the onset of cholangiocarcinoma occurs with chronic opisthorchiasis, associated with hepatobiliary damage, inflammation, periductal fibrosis and/or cellular responses to antigens from the infecting fluke. (wikipedia.org)
- Opisthorchiasis is known to be a precursor of cholangiocarcinoma. (nih.gov)
- 5. Ultrastructure of cholangiocarcinoma associated with opisthorchiasis. (nih.gov)
- Does a combination of opisthorchiasis and ethyl alcohol consumption enhance early cholangiofibrosis, the risk of cholangiocarcinoma? (kku.ac.th)
Felineus2
- O. felineus is the most common liver fluke on the territory of the former Soviet Union, and opisthorchiasis has a leading role in the morbidity structure of the Russian population among the entire range of infectious diseases. (sewanconf.ru)
- The largest world nature focus of opisthorchiasis caused by O. felineus is in the Ob-Irtysh basin. (sewanconf.ru)
Infection1
- According to the state report "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the KhMAO-Yugra" the total share of the opisthorchiasis prevalence is more than 99.5% of all registered cases of parasites infection. (sewanconf.ru)
Liver fluke1
- What is very promising, however, was the visit to the community where conference participants saw how people were infected with opisthorchiasis (human liver fluke) by eating raw fish (a practice forming part of their culture). (edu.ph)
Parasitic disease1
- Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic disease that can infect fish eating mammals, including humans. (csrb.ro)
Schistosomiasis1
- Enterobius vermicularis papiloma urotelial pathology outlines Wallpaper toxine papiloma en la boca, schistosomiasis haematobium papilloma vescicale femminile. (csrb.ro)
Prevalence5
- A survey in Non Sam Ran village, Borabue District, Mahasarakam Province where the high prevalence of opisthorchiasis was mentioned, was performed during October 1999. (eurekaselect.com)
- Futhermore, the opisthorchiasis prevalence of the KhMAO-Yugra population in 2018 was 24 times higher than this indicator as a whole in Russia. (sewanconf.ru)
- The purpose of this work is to study the causal relationships between socio-economic factors and the opisthorchiasis prevalence in the territory of the KhMAO-Yugra. (sewanconf.ru)
- In order to assess the dynamics of the opisthorchiasis prevalence in the territory of the KhMAO-Yugra, a spatial-temporal map of the prevalence dynamics in the districts of the region was built. (sewanconf.ru)
- In this investigation a spatial-temporal map of the opisthorchiasis prevalence dynamics in the districs of the KhMAO-Yugra was created, the prevalence dependence on various socio-economic factors was determined. (sewanconf.ru)
Helminth1
- Opisthorchiasis - a disease, a member of the group of helminth infections, affecting the pancreas and liver. (doclandmed.com)
Pancreas1
- Human cases of opisthorchiasis may affect the liver , pancreas , and gall bladder . (wikidoc.org)
Russia2
- The Opisthorchiasis is endemic in large areas of Asia and Russia. (nih.gov)
- Every year in our country reveal about 40 thousand cases of buy Avodart Cipla Limited without prescription and opisthorchiasis, but according to Rospotrebnadzor, in Russia infected a lot more people. (healthpillsonline.com)
World2
- See also the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) information on opisthorchiasis. (msdmanuals.com)
- It is the WHO center for research on Opisthorchiasis in the world. (edu.ph)
Terms1
- Parasitic diseases have been one of the main pathologies on the territory of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra (KhMAO-Yugra) over time, which is one of several regions hyperendemic in terms of opisthorchiasis. (sewanconf.ru)
Case1
- In interest, there was no case of opisthorchiasis. (eurekaselect.com)
Early1
- If not treated in the early stages, opisthorchiasis may cause cirrhosis of the liver and increased risk of liver cancer , but may be asymptomatic in children. (wikidoc.org)
Asia1
- May 17, · Debido a krev ve stolici parazit enorme extensión de Krev ve stolici parazit, y a que se extiende desde el polo norte hasta el ecuador, en Asia. (setalo.hu)