Cranial Nerve Diseases
Contracture
Orbital Fractures
Orbital Pseudotumor
Orbital Cellulitis
Exophthalmos
Graves Ophthalmopathy
Eye, Artificial
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
Cranial Fossa, Middle
Orbital Myositis
Encyclopedias as Topic
Skin Diseases
Dermatology
Sex Factors
Sex Distribution
Orbital dirofilariasis: MR findings. (1/276)
Dirofilariasis is a helminthic zoonosis occurring in many parts of the world. We report the findings in a 61-year-old woman who had painless right exophthalmos caused by orbital dirofilariasis. A vivid worm was embedded inside an inflammatory nodule in the right orbit. On T1-weighted MR images, the parasite was visible as a discrete, low-intensity, tubular signal in the center of the nodule surrounded by contrast-enhancing inflammatory tissue. (+info)Significance of serum antibodies reactive with flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase in thyroid associated orbitopathy. (2/276)
AIMS: Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disorder of extraocular muscles and orbital connective tissue. Identification of the principal target antigens would help the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and possibly lead to the development of specific therapies in the future. The purpose of this study was to measure serum antibodies against the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase in patients with TAO and correlate their presence with factors of TAO. METHODS: Sera of patients with active TAO of 6 months' duration or less were tested for antibodies against the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase. Clinical data were obtained by retrospective review of patients' charts. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to test sera for serum antibodies against purified succinate dehydrogenase. RESULTS: 38 patients with TAO and 32 healthy age and sex matched controls were included in the study. Anti-flavoprotein antibodies were detected in 24 out of 38 patients with TAO (63.16%) and in five out of 32 healthy controls (15.63%) (p<0.01). Neither age, sex, duration of thyroid disease, thyroid status, treatment of thyroid disease, smoking history, duration of orbitopathy, activity of orbitopathy, nor the presence of lid retraction were significantly associated with the presence of serum anti-flavoprotein antibodies (p>0.05). However, the total number of rectus muscles affected in both eyes of the patients was significantly correlated with the finding of a positive antibody test (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Serum antibodies reactive with the flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase are associated with extraocular muscle involvement in active TAO of recent onset. (+info)Idiopathic sclerotic inflammation of the orbit with left optic nerve compression in a patient with multifocal fibrosclerosis. (3/276)
We present the MR imaging findings in a 43-year-old male patient with bilateral idiopathic sclerosing inflammation of the orbit. Bilateral enhancing retrobulbar masses, with concentric compression of the retrobulbar segment of the left optic nerve, were seen. MR imaging proved to be the only means to distinguish between the different intraorbital structures and to determine the exact site of optic nerve compression. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of MR imaging findings of this entity. (+info)Radiological and clinicopathological features of orbital xanthogranuloma. (4/276)
BACKGROUND: Orbital xanthogranuloma, a diagnosis confirmed histologically, occurs rarely in adults and children. With its characteristic macroscopic appearance the adult form may be associated with a spectrum of biochemical and haematological abnormalities including lymphoproliferative malignancies. METHOD: The clinicopathological features and imaging appearances on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of this condition are described in eight adults and a child. RESULTS: Radiological evidence of proptosis was present in seven patients. In all nine patients an abnormal infiltrative soft tissue mass was seen, with increased fat in six cases. All patients had associated enlargement of extraocular muscles suggestive of infiltration and five had lacrimal gland involvement. Encasement of the optic nerve, bone destruction, and intracranial extension was present only in the child with juvenile xanthogranuloma. Haematological and/or biochemical abnormalities were detected in seven patients and seven patients had other systemic diseases which were considered to have an immune basis. One patient subsequently developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSION: The investigation and management of orbital xanthogranulomas requires a multidisciplinary approach even though the diagnosis may be suspected clinically. Imaging delineates the extent of disease and involvement of local structures and may influence the differential diagnosis. The juvenile form may be more locally aggressive, causing bone destruction with consequent intracranial extension. (+info)Chronic, traumatic intraconal hematic cyst of the orbit removed through the fronto-orbital approach--case report. (5/276)
A 22-year-old male presented with a chronic encapsulated intraorbital hematoma 3 months after blunt trauma to his left eyeball. Ophthalmological examination found the best corrected visual acuity was 4/20 in the left eye, and 20/20 in the right eye. The orbit exhibited exophthalmus and inability of the eye to move above the horizontal level. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed a fairly well-demarcated area in the medial aspect of the orbit appearing as hyperintense on T1-weighted images and isoto hyperintense on T2-weighted images. This area was believed to be hemorrhage. No other abnormalities were found. The diagnosis was hematic cyst. The cyst was approached through a left fronto-orbital route and its location identified within the periorbita and orbital fat. The cyst was removed partially. Histological examination demonstrated cystic accumulation of blood and breakdown products in a non-epithelium-lined fibrous capsule, compatible with hematic cyst. The presence of hemosiderin in the cyst wall suggested that the cyst was a chronically enlarging lesion. Hematic cysts of the orbit usually present as subperiosteal mass months to years after trauma. Surgical removal of the cyst wall rather than needle aspiration is recommended to prevent recurrence. (+info)Adipogenesis in thyroid eye disease. (6/276)
PURPOSE: Adipogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease (TED). Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) transcripts are present in orbital fat. This study was conducted to determine whether they are expressed as functional protein, and if so, whether this is restricted to TED orbits or to a particular stage in adipocyte differentiation. METHODS: Samples of fat were obtained from 18 TED-affected orbits and 4 normal orbits, and 9 were obtained from nonorbital locations. Frozen sections were examined by immunocytochemistry using monoclonal antibodies specific for the human TSHR. Samples were disaggregated and the preadipocytes separated from the mature by differential centrifugation and cultured in serum-free or DM and examined for morphologic changes, oil red O and TSHR staining, and TSH-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production. RESULTS: Marked immunoreactivity was observed in frozen sections from all three TED samples and faint staining in both normal orbital fat samples. In vitro, 1% to 5% of preadipocytes displayed TSHR immunoreactivity in five of six TED and two of three normal orbital samples and in three of five nonorbital samples. Differentiation, was induced in all 14 orbital samples. Three of four nonorbital samples contained occasional differentiated cells. Fifty percent to 70% of differentiating cells demonstrated receptor immunoreactivity. Two of three TED and four of four nonorbital preadipocytes in DM and/or mature adipocytes displayed a TSH-mediated increase in cAMP. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that orbital fat TSHR transcripts are expressed as protein, which can be functional. This is not aberrant in TED orbits, although expression may be upregulated. The majority of preadipocytes undergoing differentiation express the receptor, indicating a key role for this population in one mechanism for increasing orbital volume. (+info)MRI dynamic color mapping: a new quantitative technique for imaging soft tissue motion in the orbit. (7/276)
PURPOSE: To investigate both feasibility and clinical potential of magnetic resonance imaging-dynamic color mapping (MRI-DCM) in measuring the motion of soft tissues in the orbit and in the diagnosis of orbital disorders by detecting changes in motion. METHODS: Sequences of MRI scans were acquired (acquisition time, 5 seconds) in a shoot-stop manner, while the patient fixated at a sequence of 13 gaze positions (8 degrees intervals). Motion was quantified off-line (in millimeters per degree of gaze change) using an optical flow algorithm. The motion was displayed in a color-coded image in which color saturation of a pixel shows the displacement and the hue the displacement's orientation. Six healthy volunteers and four patients (two with an orbital mass and two with acrylic ball implant after enucleation) were studied. RESULTS: The technique was found to be clinically feasible. For a gaze change of 1 degrees, orbital tissues moved between 0.0 and 0.25 mm/deg, depending on the type of tissue and location in the orbit. In the patients with an orbital mass, motion of the mass was similar to that of the medial rectus muscle, suggesting disease of muscular origin. In the enucleated orbits, soft tissue motion was decreased. One eye showed attachment of the optic nerve to the implant, which could be verified by biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: MRI-DCM allows noninvasive and quantitative measurement of soft tissue motion and the changes in motion due to pathologic conditions. In cases in which the diagnosis of a tumor in the apex is in doubt, it may reduce the need for biopsy. In contrast to static computed tomographic (CT) scans and MRIs, it can differentiate between juxtaposition and continuity and may be a new and promising tool in the differential diagnosis of intraorbital lesions. (+info)Anaerobic orbital abscess/cellulitis in a Yorkshire Terrier dog. (8/276)
A retrobulbar abscess/cellulitis occurred in a Yorkshire Terrier dog. The clinical signs were exophthalmos, prolapsed nictitating membrane and purulent ocular discharge. Ultrasonography showed a marked soft tissue swelling of the retrobulbar tissues as well as echogenic parallel lines between the globe and the medial orbital rim. Surgical exploration of the orbit was performed and no foreign body was found. The pterygopalatine fossa was incised and therapeutic retrobulbar drainage attempted. A drain was placed to encourage ventral drainage of the abscess. Anaerobic cultures revealed heavy growth of gram negative rods (prevotella bivia and prevotella buccae were isolated). Recovery was successful but subsequent treatment for keratoconjunctivitis sicca was necessary. A full recovery of tear production occurred after several weeks. (+info)Orbital diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the orbit, which is the bony cavity in the skull that contains the eye, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as eyelid swelling, protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, pain, and limited extraocular muscle movement.
Orbital diseases can be broadly classified into inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic (benign or malignant), vascular, traumatic, and congenital categories. Some examples of orbital diseases include:
* Orbital cellulitis: a bacterial or fungal infection that causes swelling and inflammation in the orbit
* Graves' disease: an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland and can cause protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos)
* Orbital tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the orbit, such as optic nerve gliomas, lacrimal gland tumors, and lymphomas
* Carotid-cavernous fistulas: abnormal connections between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus, leading to pulsatile proptosis and other symptoms
* Orbital fractures: breaks in the bones surrounding the orbit, often caused by trauma
* Congenital anomalies: structural abnormalities present at birth, such as craniofacial syndromes or dermoid cysts.
Proper diagnosis and management of orbital diseases require a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, neurologists, radiologists, and other specialists.
In medical terms, the orbit refers to the bony cavity or socket in the skull that contains and protects the eye (eyeball) and its associated structures, including muscles, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and the lacrimal gland. The orbit is made up of several bones: the frontal bone, sphenoid bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla bone, and palatine bone. These bones form a pyramid-like shape that provides protection for the eye while also allowing for a range of movements.
Orbital neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the orbit, which is the bony cavity that contains the eyeball, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from various types of cells within the orbit.
Orbital neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth. Common symptoms include protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, limited eye movement, pain, swelling, and numbness in the face. In some cases, orbital neoplasms may not cause any noticeable symptoms, especially if they are small and slow-growing.
There are many different types of orbital neoplasms, including:
1. Optic nerve glioma: a rare tumor that arises from the optic nerve's supportive tissue.
2. Orbital meningioma: a tumor that originates from the membranes covering the brain and extends into the orbit.
3. Lacrimal gland tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the lacrimal gland, which produces tears.
4. Orbital lymphangioma: a non-cancerous tumor that arises from the lymphatic vessels in the orbit.
5. Rhabdomyosarcoma: a malignant tumor that develops from the skeletal muscle cells in the orbit.
6. Metastatic tumors: cancerous growths that spread to the orbit from other parts of the body, such as the breast, lung, or prostate.
The diagnosis and treatment of orbital neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type, size, location, and extent of the tumor. Imaging tests, such as CT scans and MRI, are often used to visualize the tumor and determine its extent. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor's type and grade. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.
Hyperesthesia is a medical term that refers to an increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli, including touch, pain, or temperature. It can affect various parts of the body and can be caused by different conditions, such as nerve damage, multiple sclerosis, or complex regional pain syndrome. Hyperesthesia can manifest as a heightened awareness of sensations, which can be painful or uncomfortable, and may interfere with daily activities. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment if experiencing symptoms of hyperesthesia.
Cranial nerve diseases refer to conditions that affect the cranial nerves, which are a set of 12 pairs of nerves that originate from the brainstem and control various functions in the head and neck. These functions include vision, hearing, taste, smell, movement of the eyes and face, and sensation in the face.
Diseases of the cranial nerves can result from a variety of causes, including injury, infection, inflammation, tumors, or degenerative conditions. The specific symptoms that a person experiences will depend on which cranial nerve is affected and how severely it is damaged.
For example, damage to the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) can cause vision loss or visual disturbances, while damage to the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) can result in weakness or paralysis of the face. Other common symptoms of cranial nerve diseases include pain, numbness, tingling, and hearing loss.
Treatment for cranial nerve diseases varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, medication or surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause and relieve symptoms. Physical therapy or rehabilitation may also be recommended to help individuals regain function and improve their quality of life.
A contracture, in a medical context, refers to the abnormal shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, which can result in limited mobility and deformity of joints. This condition can occur due to various reasons such as injury, prolonged immobilization, scarring, neurological disorders, or genetic conditions.
Contractures can cause significant impairment in daily activities and quality of life, making it difficult for individuals to perform routine tasks like dressing, bathing, or walking. Treatment options may include physical therapy, splinting, casting, medications, surgery, or a combination of these approaches, depending on the severity and underlying cause of the contracture.
Orbital fractures refer to breaks in the bones that make up the eye socket, also known as the orbit. These bones include the maxilla, zygoma, frontal bone, and palatine bone. Orbital fractures can occur due to trauma, such as a blunt force injury or a penetrating wound.
There are several types of orbital fractures, including:
1. Blowout fracture: This occurs when the thin bone of the orbital floor is broken, often due to a direct blow to the eye. The force of the impact can cause the eyeball to move backward, breaking the bone and sometimes trapping the muscle that moves the eye (the inferior rectus).
2. Blow-in fracture: This type of fracture involves the breakage of the orbital roof, which is the bone that forms the upper boundary of the orbit. It typically occurs due to high-impact trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a significant height.
3. Direct fracture: A direct fracture happens when there is a break in one or more of the bones that form the walls of the orbit. This type of fracture can result from a variety of traumas, including motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and assaults.
4. Indirect fracture: An indirect fracture occurs when the force of an injury is transmitted to the orbit through tissues surrounding it, causing the bone to break. The most common type of indirect orbital fracture is a blowout fracture.
Orbital fractures can cause various symptoms, including pain, swelling, bruising, and double vision. In some cases, the fracture may also lead to enophthalmos (sinking of the eye into the orbit) or telecanthus (increased distance between the inner corners of the eyes). Imaging tests, such as CT scans, are often used to diagnose orbital fractures and determine the best course of treatment. Treatment may include observation, pain management, and in some cases, surgery to repair the fracture and restore normal function.
Orbital pseudotumor, also known as orbital inflammatory syndrome or idiopathic orbital inflammation, is a non-specific term used to describe a group of conditions characterized by inflammation in the orbit (the bony cavity surrounding the eye) without any identifiable cause. It is not a true tumor, but rather an inflammatory reaction that can mimic the symptoms and signs of a tumor.
The condition can affect people of any age, although it is more common in middle-aged adults. The exact cause of orbital pseudotumor is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response or inflammation triggered by various factors such as infections, trauma, or autoimmune disorders.
Symptoms of orbital pseudotumor may include eye pain, redness, swelling, protrusion of the eyeball (proptosis), double vision, and decreased vision. Diagnostic tests such as imaging studies (CT or MRI scans) and biopsy may be used to rule out other causes of orbital inflammation. Treatment typically involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, although other immunosuppressive medications may be necessary in severe cases. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own without treatment.
Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection involving the soft tissues within the orbit (the bony cavity containing the eye). This condition can cause symptoms such as eyelid swelling, redness, warmth, pain, and impaired eye movement. It may also be accompanied by fever, decreased vision, or altered mental status in severe cases. Orbital cellulitis often results from the spread of infection from nearby structures, such as the sinuses. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent potential complications like vision loss or intracranial infections. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical intervention.
Exophthalmos is a medical condition that refers to the abnormal protrusion or bulging of one or both eyes beyond the normal orbit (eye socket). This condition is also known as proptosis. Exophthalmos can be caused by various factors, including thyroid eye disease (Graves' ophthalmopathy), tumors, inflammation, trauma, or congenital abnormalities. It can lead to various symptoms such as double vision, eye discomfort, redness, and difficulty closing the eyes. Treatment of exophthalmos depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or radiation therapy.
Graves' ophthalmopathy, also known as Graves' eye disease or thyroid eye disease, is an autoimmune condition that affects the eyes. It often occurs in individuals with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland). However, it can also occur in people without Graves' disease.
In Graves' ophthalmopathy, the immune system attacks the tissue behind the eyes, causing inflammation and enlargement of the muscles, fatty tissue, and connective tissue within the orbit (eye socket). This leads to symptoms such as:
1. Protrusion or bulging of the eyes (exophthalmos)
2. Redness and swelling of the eyelids
3. Double vision (diplopia) due to restricted eye movement
4. Pain and discomfort, especially when looking up, down, or sideways
5. Light sensitivity (photophobia)
6. Tearing and dryness in the eyes
7. Vision loss in severe cases
The treatment for Graves' ophthalmopathy depends on the severity of the symptoms and may include medications to manage inflammation, eye drops or ointments for dryness, prisms to correct double vision, or surgery for severe cases.
An artificial eye, also known as a prosthetic eye, is a type of medical device that is used to replace a natural eye that has been removed or is not functional due to injury, disease, or congenital abnormalities. It is typically made of acrylic or glass and is custom-made to match the size, shape, and color of the patient's other eye as closely as possible.
The artificial eye is designed to fit over the eye socket and rest on the eyelids, allowing the person to have a more natural appearance and improve their ability to blink and close their eye. It does not restore vision, but it can help protect the eye socket and improve the patient's self-esteem and quality of life.
The process of fitting an artificial eye typically involves several appointments with an ocularist, who is a healthcare professional trained in the measurement, design, and fabrication of prosthetic eyes. The ocularist will take impressions of the eye socket, create a model, and then use that model to make the artificial eye. Once the artificial eye is made, the ocularist will fit it and make any necessary adjustments to ensure that it is comfortable and looks natural.
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the inflammation of the nerve structures (including the fifth and sixth cranial nerves) within the cavernous sinus, a venous space near the base of the skull. This inflammation can lead to various symptoms such as:
1. Unilateral or bilateral orbital pain, which may be severe and deep, often radiating around the eye and temple.
2. Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of the eye muscles), causing double vision (diplopia) and limited eye movement in specific directions.
3. Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid).
4. Other possible symptoms include decreased sensation around the forehead, cheek, or upper jaw, and loss of taste on the anterior part of the tongue.
The exact cause of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is unknown, but it's believed to be related to an autoimmune response or a non-specific inflammatory process. It can also occur in conjunction with other medical conditions like neoplasms (tumors) or infections. The diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI and CT scans, along with blood tests and a thorough neurological examination.
Treatment usually includes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, immunosuppressive medications or radiation therapy may be necessary. If left untreated, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome can lead to permanent visual impairment or other neurological deficits.
The middle cranial fossa is a depression or hollow in the skull that forms the upper and central portion of the cranial cavity. It is located between the anterior cranial fossa (which lies anteriorly) and the posterior cranial fossa (which lies posteriorly). The middle cranial fossa contains several important structures, including the temporal lobes of the brain, the pituitary gland, the optic chiasm, and the cavernous sinuses. It is also where many of the cranial nerves pass through on their way to the brain.
The middle cranial fossa can be further divided into two parts: the anterior and posterior fossae. The anterior fossa contains the optic chiasm and the pituitary gland, while the posterior fossa contains the temporal lobes of the brain and the cavernous sinuses.
The middle cranial fossa is formed by several bones of the skull, including the sphenoid bone, the temporal bone, and the parietal bone. The shape and size of the middle cranial fossa can vary from person to person, and abnormalities in its structure can be associated with various medical conditions, such as pituitary tumors or aneurysms.
Orbital myositis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the extraocular muscles, which are the muscles responsible for eye movement. These muscles are located within the orbit, the bony cavity that contains and protects the eye. Orbital myositis can cause symptoms such as painful eye movements, double vision, redness, swelling, and decreased visual acuity.
The condition is often associated with other systemic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and sarcoidosis. However, it can also occur as an isolated phenomenon, known as idiopathic orbital myositis.
Diagnosis of orbital myositis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and blood tests to evaluate for underlying systemic conditions. Treatment usually includes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms, as well as addressing any underlying systemic disorders if present.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Eye diseases are a range of conditions that affect the eye or visual system, causing damage to vision and, in some cases, leading to blindness. These diseases can be categorized into various types, including:
1. Refractive errors: These include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia, which affect the way light is focused on the retina and can usually be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
2. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens inside the eye that leads to blurry vision, glare, and decreased contrast sensitivity. Cataract surgery is the most common treatment for this condition.
3. Glaucoma: A group of diseases characterized by increased pressure in the eye, leading to damage to the optic nerve and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes medications, laser therapy, or surgery.
4. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A progressive condition that affects the central part of the retina called the macula, causing blurry vision and, in advanced stages, loss of central vision. Treatment may include anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy, or nutritional supplements.
5. Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, leakage, and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections, or surgery.
6. Retinal detachment: A separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with surgery.
7. Amblyopia (lazy eye): A condition where one eye does not develop normal vision, often due to a misalignment or refractive error in childhood. Treatment includes correcting the underlying problem and encouraging the use of the weaker eye through patching or other methods.
8. Strabismus (crossed eyes): A misalignment of the eyes that can lead to amblyopia if not treated promptly with surgery, glasses, or other methods.
9. Corneal diseases: Conditions that affect the transparent outer layer of the eye, such as keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and infectious keratitis, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
10. Uveitis: Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which can cause vision loss if not treated promptly with anti-inflammatory medications or surgery.
Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.
Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.
The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.
It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.
Dermatology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and conditions related to the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who has completed specialized training in this field. They are qualified to treat a wide range of skin conditions, including acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin cancer, and many others. Dermatologists may also perform cosmetic procedures to improve the appearance of the skin or to treat signs of aging.
Dermatologic agents are medications, chemicals, or other substances that are applied to the skin (dermis) for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes. They can be used to treat various skin conditions such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, fungal infections, and wounds. Dermatologic agents include topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, antifungals, retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and many others. They can come in various forms such as creams, ointments, gels, lotions, solutions, and patches. It is important to follow the instructions for use carefully to ensure safety and effectiveness.
"Sex factors" is a term used in medicine and epidemiology to refer to the differences in disease incidence, prevalence, or response to treatment that are observed between males and females. These differences can be attributed to biological differences such as genetics, hormones, and anatomy, as well as social and cultural factors related to gender.
For example, some conditions such as autoimmune diseases, depression, and osteoporosis are more common in women, while others such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are more prevalent in men. Additionally, sex differences have been observed in the effectiveness and side effects of various medications and treatments.
It is important to consider sex factors in medical research and clinical practice to ensure that patients receive appropriate and effective care.
"Sex distribution" is a term used to describe the number of males and females in a study population or sample. It can be presented as a simple count, a percentage, or a ratio. This information is often used in research to identify any differences in health outcomes, disease prevalence, or response to treatment between males and females. Additionally, understanding sex distribution can help researchers ensure that their studies are representative of the general population and can inform the design of future studies.
Mikulicz disease is a rare condition characterized by the symmetrical enlargement of the salivary and lacrimal glands. It is named after Jan Mikulicz-Radecki, a Polish surgeon who first described it in 1892. The enlarged glands are typically painless, and the condition can be associated with other systemic diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and tuberculosis.
In Mikulicz disease, there is a benign infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands with immune cells, particularly lymphocytes, which can lead to their enlargement. The exact cause of the condition is not known, but it is thought to be related to an autoimmune response.
Mikulicz disease is often treated with medications that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs. In some cases, surgical removal of the affected glands may be necessary. The prognosis for Mikulicz disease is generally good, but it can vary depending on the underlying cause and any associated medical conditions.
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease
Tenonitis
Masticatory muscle myositis
Exophthalmos
Joseph Maroon
Orbital lymphoma
Santosh G. Honavar
Dacryoadenitis
Graves' ophthalmopathy
Periorbital cellulitis
Teleophthalmology
Coats' disease
GSK-3
Erdheim-Chester disease
Alfredo Sadun
Tenon's capsule
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Riedel's thyroiditis
Paul Finger
Orbital x-ray
Orbital cellulitis
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations
IgG4-related ophthalmic disease
Sparganosis
Orbital emphysema
IOI
Amaurosis fugax
Akshay Nair
List of Turkish Americans
Posterior lacrimal crest
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease - Wikipedia
Zolendronate associated inflammatory orbital disease
Orbital Decompression for Graves Disease: Overview, Preparation, Technique
Oculoplastic and Orbital Disease | Ophthalmology
Exenteration for benign orbital disease. | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Figure 2 - Acute Chagas Disease Manifesting as Orbital Cellulitis, Texas, USA - Volume 27, Number 11-November 2021 - Emerging...
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Orbital Diseases - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Postsurgical Complications in Orbital Decompression for Thyroid Eye Disease
Orbital Disease & Surgery in New York | Jeffrey Schiller, MD
Orbital Disease Los Angeles | Colvard-Kandavel Eye Center Encino, CA
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Dermoid Cyst - American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Tuberculosis (TB): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
César A. Briceño, MD profile | PennMedicine.org
Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis: For Clinicians | CDC
Franca WAGNER | Consultant | PD Dr. med. | Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern, Bern | University Institute of Diagnostic and...
What Kind of Doctor Treats Thyroid Eye Disease?
Daniel W Wang, MD| Comprehensive Ophthalmology | MedStar Health
Michael Joel Elman, MD| Comprehensive Ophthalmology | MedStar Health
Consultant profile of Dr Paul Rainsbury | University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust
An unusual complication after strabismus surgery | HKMJ
Around the Eye in 365 Days - SLACK Books
A dermatologic riddle: How is IgG4-related ophthalmic disease parliamentary?
Orbital cellulitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
BestBets: Should a child with preseptal periorbital cellulitis be treated with intravenous or oral antibiotics?
Fractures3
- and orbital diseases including thyroid eye disease and traumatic orbital "blowout" fractures. (bu.edu)
- Graves' disease), orbital fractures from trauma, and idiopathic orbital inflammation. (colvardvision.com)
- Dr. Lefebvre specializes in all forms of eyelid surgery, eyelid and periorbital trauma and cancer reconstruction, orbital fractures, endoscopic tear duct (DCR) surgery, and orbital diseases including thyroid eye disease. (va.gov)
Thyroid34
- A differential diagnosis includes lymphoproliferative lesions, thyroid ophthalmopathy, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, orbital cellulitis and carotid-cavernous fistula. (wikipedia.org)
- Thyroid eye disease is an autoimmune multisystem disorder that can lead to partial or total loss of vision. (b-ent.be)
- The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of orbital surgery and assess the scale of complications in patients with thyroid eye disease who underwent orbital decompression. (b-ent.be)
- This was a retrospective study designed to review and analyze clinical data, different types of complications (e.g., sinonasal, orbital, cerebral, and general), and status of diplopia in patients with thyroid eye disease who underwent orbital decompression in the Otorhinolaryngology Department between 2011 and 2018. (b-ent.be)
- Fifty-one patients with thyroid eye disease (34 females and 17 males, average age 56.37 years) underwent surgical decompression. (b-ent.be)
- For patients with thyroid eye disease, surgical decompression seems to be a safe procedure with a low rate of marked complications. (b-ent.be)
- Brożek-Mądry E, Jurek-Matusiak O, Krzeski A. Postsurgical complications in orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease. (b-ent.be)
- Common orbital diseases include thyroid eye disease (i.e. (colvardvision.com)
- He has special expertise in thyroid eye disease, and reconstructive surgery of the eyelids and upper face. (pennmedicine.org)
- What Kind of Doctor Treats Thyroid Eye Disease? (medicinenet.com)
- Thyroid eye disease, also known as Graves' orbitopathy or Graves' ophthalmopathy, is an eye condition that happens in a person with an overactive thyroid. (medicinenet.com)
- Most eye surgeons (ophthalmologists) and hormone specialists (endocrinologists) will be in contact with an oculoplastic surgeon with experience in treating patients with thyroid eye disease. (medicinenet.com)
- An oculoplastic surgeon is a plastic surgeon with extensive training in managing the cosmetic and eye complications of thyroid disease . (medicinenet.com)
- What is thyroid eye disease? (medicinenet.com)
- Thyroid eye disease is caused by Graves' disease, an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune cells cause the tissue around and behind the eyes to grow. (medicinenet.com)
- This, along with the loss of facial fat, results in the typical appearance of bulging eyes, which is the typical appearance of a person affected with thyroid eye disease. (medicinenet.com)
- In most patients, the same mechanism that causes thyroid eye disease can also affect the thyroid gland and result in an overactive thyroid. (medicinenet.com)
- Thyroid eye disease may happen in a person months before the diagnosis of an overactive thyroid or after receiving treatment for Graves' disease affecting the thyroid. (medicinenet.com)
- Receiving iodine therapy for Graves' disease increases the risk of thyroid eye disease. (medicinenet.com)
- How is thyroid eye disease diagnosed? (medicinenet.com)
- How is thyroid eye disease treated? (medicinenet.com)
- Earlier, surgery was the only option for most patients with thyroid eye disease. (medicinenet.com)
- This surgery is usually reserved for patients who are at a heightened risk of losing their eyesight due to thyroid eye disease. (medicinenet.com)
- The main clinical differential diagnoses would be thyroid orbitopathy, sarcoidosis, Sjögren syndrome, lymphoma, Rosai-Dorfman disease or periocular xanthogranulomas. (aad.org)
- Dr. Woeller's current research interest is understanding the key molecular and cellular pathways involved in eye disease, with a particular focus on Thyroid Eye Disease (TED). (rochester.edu)
- The pathophysiology of thyroid eye disease. (thieme-connect.de)
- The combination of absent thyroid peroxidase antibodies and high thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin levels in Graves disease identifies a group at markedly increased risk of ophthalmopathy. (thieme-connect.de)
- Evidence for an association between thyroid-stimulating hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors: a tale of two antigens implicated in Graves disease. (thieme-connect.de)
- Orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients differ in proliferative and adipogenic responses depending on disease subtype. (thieme-connect.de)
- Her specialties include ptosis (droopy eyelid), thyroid eye disease, eyelid and eye tumors, tear outflow system disorders, and proptosis (bulging eyes). (stanford.edu)
- Dr. Men's clinical research is focused on thyroid eye disease, orbital diseases and tumors, and improving surgical techniques. (stanford.edu)
- Her fellowship research projects included the use of teprotumumab to treat thyroid eye disease and using artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze orbital imaging. (stanford.edu)
- In addition, severe forms of GO can lead to and thyroid disease was first recognized sight-threatening complications. (who.int)
- Introduction: Treatment of Graves´ disease (GD) with radioiodine increases the risk of developing Graves´ ophthalmopathy (GO), and the link between thyroid and orbital tissue may be the presence of TSH-receptors. (lu.se)
Tumors2
- Aouidad et al reported the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with orbital "pseudotumors" (I do not understand why these are not just "tumors" - large swellings of any cause that may be benign or malignant) that histologically demonstrated eosinophilic angiocentric sclerosis related to IgG4. (aad.org)
- Transcranial approaches can be used for tumors involving the orbital-cranial regions. (medscape.com)
Cellulitis25
- Results of next-generation sequencing on a plasma sample of a patient with acute Chagas disease manifesting as orbital cellulitis, Texas, USA, showing the very high detection of Trypanosoma cruzi (505.61 MPM) (right). (cdc.gov)
- Nonetheless, orbital cellulitis is a potentially sight- and life-threatening condition. (hkmj.org)
- Orbital cellulitis is an infection of the fat and muscles around the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
- Orbital cellulitis is a dangerous infection, which can cause lasting problems. (medlineplus.gov)
- Orbital cellulitis is different than periorbital cellulitis , which is an infection of the eyelid or skin around the eye. (medlineplus.gov)
- The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcus pneumoniae , and beta-hemolytic streptococci may also cause orbital cellulitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Orbital cellulitis infections in children may get worse very quickly and can lead to visual difficulties or blindness. (medlineplus.gov)
- An orbital cellulitis infection can get worse very quickly. (medlineplus.gov)
- Orbital cellulitis is a medical emergency that needs to be treated right away. (medlineplus.gov)
- Prompt treatment of a sinus or dental infection may prevent it from spreading and becoming orbital cellulitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- OR exp Eyelid Diseases/) AND (cellulitis.mp. (bestbets.org)
- OR exp Cellulitis/OR exp Streptococcal Infections/OR exp Skin Diseases, Bacterial/OR exp Staphylococcal Infections/OR skin infection.mp. (bestbets.org)
- Preseptal cellulitis is differentiated from orbital cellulitis by the absence of signs of orbital involvement i.e. proptosis, ophthalmoplegia and visual loss. (bestbets.org)
- Reynolds et al(1) presented a retrospective study looking at the characteristics of patients who had presented to one hospital with the diagnosis of preseptal or orbital cellulitis over a seven year period. (bestbets.org)
- Rodgers, I. Intracranial Infection Associated with Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis in the Pediatric Patient. (bestbets.org)
- Periorbital cellulitis is infection of the eyelid skin anterior to the orbital septum. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- Orbital cellulitis is infection of the orbital tissues posterior to the orbital septum. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- Very occasionally, periorbital cellulitis can progress to orbital cellulitis. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- Orbital cellulitis (an infection of soft tissues in the orbit) is a surgical emergency with significant complications. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- Periorbital and orbital cellulitis are distinct clinical diseases. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- If any of the below are present, the alternative diagnosis of orbital cellulitis should be considered. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- There is any suspicion of orbital cellulitis/ you are unable to fully assess eye movements due to swelling. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- If there is a suspicion of orbital cellulitis, or physical examination is not reassuring, further investigations may include CT imaging of brain and orbits. (kingstonhospital.nhs.uk)
- At this point, our concern shifted from orbital cellulitis to dacryoadenitis, either infectious or inflammatory. (aao.org)
- Conditions such as orbital cellulitis often are treated medically with various antimicrobial agents. (medscape.com)
Graves13
- Graves disease, originally called Graves-Basedow disease, was first described as the triad of hyperthyroidism , goiter , and exophthalmos in 1835. (medscape.com)
- Severe ophthalmopathy is an uncommon but problematic manifestation of Graves disease. (medscape.com)
- Only 5-6% of patients with Graves disease develop problems severe enough to warrant surgical decompression on a functional basis. (medscape.com)
- Orbitopathy associated with Graves disease may severely compromise a patient's vision. (medscape.com)
- Some patients with Graves' disease require orbital decompression, either to protect the vision, improve comfort, or improve their appearance by letting the eyes go back into the orbit. (beautifuleyes.com)
- The shortened eye muscle in Graves' disease can pull the ligaments and result in double vision. (medicinenet.com)
- Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies are independent risk factors for Graves ophthalmopathy and help to predict severity and outcome of the disease. (thieme-connect.de)
- Graves disease mechanisms: the role of stimulating, blocking, and cleavage region TSH receptor antibodies. (thieme-connect.de)
- Autologous T-lymphocytes stimulate proliferation of orbital fibroblasts derived from patients with Graves ophthalmopathy. (thieme-connect.de)
- Bidirectional TSH and IGF-1 receptor cross talk mediates stimulation of hyaluronan secretion by Graves disease immunoglobins. (thieme-connect.de)
- There have been few studies to evaluate with Graves disease will develop GO and the prevalence and severity of GO in Iranian severe forms affect 3% to 5% of patients. (who.int)
- The onset of the ophthalmopathy is in aimed to investigate the prevalence and most cases concomitant with the onset severity of ophthalmopathy in Graves of hyperthyroidism, but eye disease may patients in our area (north-east of the precede or follow hyperthyroidism [ 3 ]. (who.int)
- All patients with regarding the pathogenesis, pathophysio- confirmed diagnosis of Graves disease logy, and management of this disease attending the endocrine clinics of the [ 6,7 ]. (who.int)
Inflammation14
- It is a benign, nongranulomatous orbital inflammatory process characterized by extraocular orbital and adnexal inflammation with no known local or systemic cause. (wikipedia.org)
- Idiopathic orbital inflammation has a varied clinical presentation depending on the involved tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- It can range from a diffuse inflammatory process to a more localized inflammation of muscle, lacrimal gland or orbital fat. (wikipedia.org)
- Pediatric IOI accounts for about 17% of cases idiopathic orbital inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
- proposes that organisms resembling Mollicutes cause orbital inflammation by destroying the cytoplasmic organelles of parasitized cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The histopathology of idiopathic orbital inflammation is described as nondiagnostic and diverse. (wikipedia.org)
- They include inflammation of the extraocular muscles (myositis) with tendinous involvement, orbital fat stranding, lacrimal gland inflammation and enlargement (dacryoadenitis), involvement of the optic sheath complex, uvea, and sclera, a focal intraorbital mass or even diffuse orbital involvement. (wikipedia.org)
- Bisphosphonate-induced orbital inflammation is not a well recognised complication and there have been only a few published case reports of this. (nih.gov)
- Orbital findings result from an increase in the volume of orbital tissues secondary to inflammation, edema, and congestion. (medscape.com)
- Inflammatory orbital disease, also called idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome and non-specific orbital inflammation, refers to eye disorders that involve the orbit. (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- There is a risk, however, that orbital dermoids can open up and cause inflammation around the eye. (aapos.org)
- Imaging with 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) highlights the extent of disease, although it may not distinguish IgG4-RD from other causes of inflammation or malignancy (3). (aad.org)
- Orbital infection and inflammation. (medlineplus.gov)
- Therefore, diseases such as retinal degeneration, retinitis (inflammation of the retina), and optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve) do not cause outward signs of pain. (petplace.com)
Inflammatory orbital disease9
- Ocular complications are rare and even more so, inflammatory orbital disease. (nih.gov)
- What are the Different Types of Inflammatory Orbital Disease? (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- There are different types of inflammatory orbital disease based on the region that is affected in your eye. (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- Inflammatory orbital disease occurs due to an underlying condition. (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- What are the Signs and Symptoms of Inflammatory Orbital Disease? (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- How is Inflammatory Orbital Disease Diagnosed? (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- Inflammatory orbital disease is diagnosed based on the patient's medical history, eye examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as an orbital MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computed tomography) scan. (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- What are the Treatment Options for Inflammatory Orbital Disease? (orbit-eyecenter.com)
- How can you Prevent Inflammatory Orbital Disease? (orbit-eyecenter.com)
Eyelid1
- Chronic disease is treated with tear supplements, warm compresses, and occasionally oral antibiotics (eg, a tetracycline or azithromycin) for meibomian gland dysfunction or with eyelid hygiene and tear supplements for seborrheic blepharitis. (merckmanuals.com)
Infection6
- Rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) is a rare angioinvasive fungal infection known to be associated with high morbidity and over 50% mortality and has increased lately due to increasing predisposing immunocompromising comorbidities as well as COVID-19. (researchgate.net)
- The presence of the tough, fibrous orbital septum reduces but does not completely remove the risk of spread of infection to the orbital structures. (bestbets.org)
- orbital assessment for the identification of tumours, haemorrhage, infection and disease. (nuffieldhealth.com)
- Given that Johnathan had not shown any improvement on IV antibiotics, had a reassuring MRI without abscess, and had no systemic signs of infection, we started him on IV steroids (1 mg/kg) for presumed idiopathic orbital inflam-mation (IOI). (aao.org)
- This paper presents and discusses the management of six patients admitted with orbital infection by service Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery General Hospital Roberto Santos in Salvador, Bahia. (bvsalud.org)
- 1) describe the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, management and prevention of Zika virus disease, 2) discuss diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection and interpretation of test results, 3) articulate the importance of early recognition and reporting of cases, 4) state the recommendations for pregnant women and possible Zika virus exposure, and 5) discuss evaluation of infants with microcephaly and relationship of Zika in microcephaly. (cdc.gov)
Surgery5
- Author of more than 150 publications on retinal diseases and surgery, Dr. Elman is an Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (medstarhealth.org)
- He received fellowship training in Retinal Vascular Diseases at the Wilmer Eye Institute of the Johns Hopkins University and fellowship training in Diseases and Surgery of the Retina and Vitreous at Barnes Hospital/Retina Consultants, Ltd. of Washington University. (medstarhealth.org)
- Following his training he completed a 1 year subspecialty fellowship in oculoplastic, lacrimal and orbital surgery at the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff. (plymouthhospitals.nhs.uk)
- Dr. Butler's clinical interests include complex cataract surgery, uveitis and ocular inflammatory disease, and he has particular expertise in infectious uveitis and inflammatory macular edema. (va.gov)
- This discussion is not meant to be a comprehensive tome on orbital surgery but merely an overview of commonly described orbitotomies. (medscape.com)
Ophthalmology1
- Michael Elman, MD, has practiced ophthalmology for more than 30 years and specializes in diseases of the retina and vitreous. (medstarhealth.org)
Decompression2
- Dr. Schiller is pleased to be able to offer state-of-the-art minimal incision orbital decompression with the incisions placed inside the eyelids. (beautifuleyes.com)
- Orbital decompression (a complex procedure for advanced disease) requires a plastic surgeon. (medicinenet.com)
Extraocular1
- Regardless, the processes show a predilection for the orbital tissues, the extraocular muscles, and periorbital structures. (medscape.com)
Orbit3
- Idiopathic orbital inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit. (wikipedia.org)
- IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD), the preferred nomenclature for IgG4-RD affecting the ocular adnexa or orbit, is a common manifestation of IgG4-RD. A large IgG4-RD disease registry in North America found ophthalmic involvement in 23 % of all IgG4-RD cases. (aad.org)
- OR exp Orbit/OR exp Orbital Diseases/OR periorbital.mp. (bestbets.org)
Complications3
- The orbital complications were less common (46.15% of all complications). (b-ent.be)
- Screening is carried out in Chunampet district for diabetes and its complications especially diabetic eye diseases by using a mobile telemedicine van with satellite connectivity. (hindawi.com)
- Screening for other diabetes-related complications like nephropathy (by measuring proteinuria/microalbuminuria), neuropathy (by biothesiometry, and monofilament) and coronary artery disease (by electrocardiogram) is also done in the telemedicine van. (hindawi.com)
Infections4
- Several studies have described cases where onset of orbital pseudotumor was seen simultaneously or several weeks after upper respiratory infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Orbital infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- The presence of protozoa in these infections of the corneospectacular space has been demonstrated repeatedly although their role in the disease is uncertain. (vin.com)
- Orbital infections are diseases that require special attention and care. (bvsalud.org)
Diagnosis2
- The diagnosis of GCA requires age more than 50 years at disease onset, new headache in the temporal area, temporal artery tenderness, and/or reduced pulse, jaw claudication, systemic symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) exceeding 50 mm/hr, and typical histologic findings (granulomatous involvement) in temporal artery biopsy (TAB) [ 5 ]. (intechopen.com)
- It is imperative for ophthalmologists to be aware of the early ophthalmological manifestations of AML which will allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment of this life-threatening disease. (dovepress.com)
Optic nerve2
- PURPOSE: To report a case of subperiosteal orbital and subgaleal hemorrhage with optic nerve compromise in a patient with a factor IX deficiency. (wustl.edu)
- We will trace the history of ideas about optic nerve anatomy and function in the Western world from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century and show how these influenced causal theories of optic nerve diseases. (nature.com)
Clinical4
- Most (85%) patients with MS begin their clinical disease course with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (relapses) followed by complete or incomplete recovery. (medscape.com)
- What if there was a book that covers clinical information, history, sports, and the arts-and all are related to eye disease? (slackbooks.com)
- Ren MY, Li J, Wu YX, Li RM, Zhang C, Liu LM, Wang JJ, Gao Y. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of orbital solitary fibrous tumor in patients from a Chinese tertiary eye hospital. (wjgnet.com)
- In her career at CDC, she has focused on the development of evidence-based clinical guidelines for infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
Ophthalmic5
- Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations frequently are encountered in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD). (medscape.com)
- To identify tissue metabolomic profiles in biopsy specimens with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and investigate their potential implication in the disease pathogenesis and biomarkers. (elsevierpure.com)
- A dermatologic riddle: How is IgG4-related ophthalmic disease parliamentary? (aad.org)
- The causes of these lesions are often identical to those responsible for inducing ophthalmic disease in mammals and birds. (vin.com)
- Ophthalmic involvement can be the initial manifestation of the systemic disease or the first sign of relapse. (dovepress.com)
Pseudotumor5
- Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome, also known as orbital pseudotumor, was first described by Gleason in 1903 and by Busse and Hochheim. (wikipedia.org)
- Its former name, orbital pseudotumor, is derived due to resemblance to a neoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
- Orbital pseudotumor has also been observed in association with Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and ankylosing spondylitis all of which strengthen the basis of IOI being an immune-mediated disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Trauma has also been seen to precede some cases of orbital pseudotumor. (wikipedia.org)
- Orbital inflammatory disease (pseudotumor) usually is treated medically with systemic steroids. (medscape.com)
IgG4-ROD7
- We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the metabolomes and lipidomes of biopsy-proven IgG4-ROD (n = 22) and orbital MALT lymphoma (n = 21) specimens and matched adjacent microscopically normal adipose tissues using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (elsevierpure.com)
- Finally, an independent set of 18 IgG4-ROD and 17 orbital MALT lymphoma specimens were used to validate the identified biomarkers. (elsevierpure.com)
- The principal component analysis showed a significant difference of both IgG4-ROD and orbital MALT lymphoma for biopsy specimens and controls. (elsevierpure.com)
- Interestingly, lesions in IgG4-ROD were uniquely enriched in arachidonic metabolism, whereas those in orbital MALT lymphoma were enriched in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. (elsevierpure.com)
- We identified spermine as the best discriminator between IgG4-ROD and orbital MALT lymphoma, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the spermine to discriminate between the two diseases was 0.89 (95% confidence interval, 0.803-0.984). (elsevierpure.com)
- The results of validation revealed that four tissue metabolites: N 1 ,N 12 diacetylspermine, spermine, malate, and glycolate, had statistically significant differences between IgG4-ROD and orbital MALT lymphoma with receiver operating characteristic values from 0.708 to 0.863. (elsevierpure.com)
- These data revealed the characteristic differences in metabolomic profiles between IgG4-ROD and orbital MALT lymphoma, which may be useful for developing new diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these common orbital lymphoproliferative disorders. (elsevierpure.com)
Lesions2
- For medially located lesions, such as those encroaching on the nasal orbital apex, this approach is possible. (medscape.com)
- Transnasal, transantral, and transethmoidal endoscopic approaches are being used more frequently to gain access to orbital lesions. (medscape.com)
Hypertelorism1
- De Hauwere RC, Leroy JG, Adriaenssens K, Van Heule R. Iris dysplasia, orbital hypertelorism, and psychomotor retardation: a dominantly inherited developmental syndrome . (arizona.edu)
Infectious Diseases1
- Dr. Dana Meaney-Delman is a senior medical advisor in the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Lesion2
- Maximal operative exposure of the lesion with ginger and minimal manipulation of the orbital contents must be well orchestrated for successful surgical outcomes. (medscape.com)
- Inferiorly, the orbital lesion is approachable from a transconjunctival or a transcutaneous approach. (medscape.com)
Benign1
- Exenteration for benign orbital disease. (bmj.com)
Rarely2
Eyelids1
- Erythema of the upper and lower eyelids did not extend beyond the orbital rim. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Symptoms2
- Other commonly reported symptoms include myalgia, headache, retro-orbital pain and vomiting. (bvsalud.org)
- The disease is usually mild with symptoms that last from several days to a week. (bvsalud.org)
Tissues1
- The surrounding tissues-in-cluding orbital fat, periosteum, and bone-were normal. (aao.org)
Acute1
- In addition to the common acute disease progression, chronic less aggressive courses have. (researchgate.net)
Tissue2
- In the setting of extensive sclerosis there may be restriction, compression, and destruction of orbital tissue. (wikipedia.org)
- Woeller and his collaborators have already discovered and patented promising new therapies that may arrest this process and could be used in treating diseases that manifest with excessive scar formation and/or excessive fat tissue, like TED. (rochester.edu)
Syndrome2
- It is the most common painful orbital mass in the adult population, and is associated with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome), uveitis, and retinal detachment. (wikipedia.org)
- Overall, radiographic features for idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome vary widely. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly2
- This symptom, called photophobia, is commonly associated with serious eye diseases. (petplace.com)
- Orbital abscesses are commonly encountered in some groups of lizards (especially chameleons). (vin.com)
Clinically1
- Patients with SPMS present with features of progressive neurologic disability, with or without clinically overt relapses, and insidious disease progression. (medscape.com)
Chronic1
- IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibro-inflammatory disorder that potentially affects virtually every organ system. (aad.org)
Autoimmune1
- Swelling of salivary and lacrimal glands, lymphadenopathy, and type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis are the most common manifestations of the disease. (aad.org)
Systemic disease1
- Bilateral presentation may have a higher incidence of systemic disease. (wikipedia.org)
