A nonspecific tumor-like inflammatory lesion in the ORBIT of the eye. It is usually composed of mature LYMPHOCYTES; PLASMA CELLS; MACROPHAGES; LEUKOCYTES with varying degrees of FIBROSIS. Orbital pseudotumors are often associated with inflammation of the extraocular muscles (ORBITAL MYOSITIS) or inflammation of the lacrimal glands (DACRYOADENITIS).
A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.
A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).
An idiopathic syndrome characterized by the formation of granulation tissue in the anterior cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure, producing a painful ophthalmoplegia. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p271)
The compartment containing the anterior extremities and half the inferior surface of the temporal lobes (TEMPORAL LOBE) of the cerebral hemispheres. Lying posterior and inferior to the anterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, ANTERIOR), it is formed by part of the TEMPORAL BONE and SPHENOID BONE. It is separated from the posterior cranial fossa (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR) by crests formed by the superior borders of the petrous parts of the temporal bones.
Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.
Inflammation of the extraocular muscle of the eye. It is characterized by swelling which can lead to ischemia, fibrosis, or ORBITAL PSEUDOTUMOR.
Neoplasms of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Diseases affecting the eye.
'Skin diseases' is a broad term for various conditions affecting the skin, including inflammatory disorders, infections, benign and malignant tumors, congenital abnormalities, and degenerative diseases, which can cause symptoms such as rashes, discoloration, eruptions, lesions, itching, or pain.
A medical specialty concerned with the skin, its structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.
Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.
The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
A chronic, benign, and usually painless inflammatory swelling of the lacrimal and salivary glands. It is considered by some to include the glandular enlargement associated with other diseases, such as Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, lupus erythematosus, etc.

Orbital myositis and rheumatoid arthritis: case report. (1/32)

Orbital myositis implies orbital inflammation confined to one or more of the extraocular muscles. The acute form responds well to high doses of oral corticosteroids tapered gradually, but it may recur or become chronic. We describe a 38 years old female who has been suffering from rheumatoid arthritis for six years. She developed diplopia as a result of a paralysis of the right and left rectus medialis muscle. MRI showed inflammatory process and thickness of the referred muscles. The patient had a total recovery with oral use of 80 mg methylprednisolone daily. Two months after the first episode she developed a bilateral ophthalmoplegy. The patient improved with oral use of steroids the second time, but a paresis of the left rectus lateralis muscle remained. From the 156 cases we reviewed only three have been related to rheumatic diseases and none has been previously related to rheumatoid arthritis.  (+info)

A role for methotrexate in the management of non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease. (2/32)

AIM: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of methotrexate for patients with non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease who fail to respond to systemic corticosteroids and/or orbital irradiation. METHODS: The medical records of patients with non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease who were treated with methotrexate at Oregon Health Sciences University between June 1993 and June 2000 were examined. Methotrexate was administered at a median maximum dose of 20 mg per week (range 15-25 mg per week) in conjunction with folate supplementation. Patients were followed with regular ophthalmic examinations, as well as serum liver enzyme levels and blood cell counts. Clinical signs of regression of the orbital inflammation, visual acuity, dosage and duration of methotrexate therapy, requirement for concurrent corticosteroid administration, and adverse drug reactions were recorded. RESULTS: The study cohort included 14 patients (24 eyes) with diagnoses including non-specific orbital inflammation (n=7), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (n=1), thyroid orbitopathy (n=3), Wegener's granulomatosis (n=1), sarcoidosis (n=1), and Erdheim-Chester disease (n=1). In all cases, methotrexate was commenced as a corticosteroid sparing agent. 10 patients (71%) completed a 4 month therapeutic trial of methotrexate. Median duration of treatment for the nine (64%) patients who experienced clinical benefit was 25 months (range 10-47 months). Six responders were ultimately able to cease methotrexate, including the single patient who required concurrent long term corticosteroid therapy. Complications included fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbance, hair thinning and mild, reversible serum liver enzyme elevation. Two patients (14%) discontinued treatment because of adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Methotrexate is a well tolerated immunosuppressive medication which may benefit patients with recalcitrant non-infectious orbital inflammatory disease.  (+info)

Orbital myositis in scleritis. (3/32)

AIMS: To investigate the association between scleritis and myositis. METHODS: Retrospective, non-comparative case series. Records and ultrasonograms were examined of 132 patients, with a diagnosis of episcleritis or scleritis, who attended the ophthalmology department at Leiden University Medical Center between 1997 and 2000. 103 were eligible for comprehensive examination. Medical records were evaluated. Ultrasonography was performed in all patients diagnosed with episcleritis or scleritis. Clinical features, precipitating factors, systemic associations, ocular complications, treatment, and outcome of each patient were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 103 patients, 27 (26.2%) had episcleritis and 76 (73.8%) had scleritis. Myositis was found to be present in 11 patients. It was present in 14.5% of all patients with scleritis and 30.5% of those in whom the posterior sclera was affected. The presence of the associated myositis did not worsen the visual prognosis and the presence of myositis was not associated with other systemic diseases. There were no cases of unilateral scleritis with bilateral orbital myositis. During an attack ocular complications were more common in patients with scleritis and myositis (64%) than in patients with scleritis alone (30.4%), indicating a more diffuse and potentially dangerous inflammation. There was no evidence that the inflammatory changes in the orbit had spread to involve the sclera, so it is assumed that the muscle changes are an extension of a generalised response to intense inflammation of the episclera and sclera. CONCLUSION: This study found a frequent association between myositis and scleritis. Prognosis for vision was not affected by coexistence of myositis.  (+info)

Technical modification in the intracarotid chemotherapy and osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption procedure to prevent the relapse of carboplatin-induced orbital pseudotumor. (4/32)

The blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) procedure is an established strategy to enhance drug delivery to brain tumors. Complication rates associated with this procedure are usually low, but when complications do occur, they usually mandate discontinuation of treatment. Orbital pseudotumor is an inflammatory condition of one or more extraocular muscles that produces limitation of ocular motility. Patients usually experience sudden diplopia associated with orbital pain, conjunctival chemosis and injection, and proptosis. Imaging of the orbit shows diffuse enlargement of the extraocular muscles, exophthalmia, and, rarely, sinusal or intracranial infiltration. On pathologic examinations, the soft tissues of the orbit are infiltrated with a mixture of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Many etiologies can induce this syndrome, including the intracarotid infusion of platinum molecules. As part of a phase II study, a total of 110 patients were treated for malignant brain tumors with intra-arterial carboplatin, enhanced by the BBBD procedure, at the Sherbrooke University Hospital. Here we report on three patients who developed orbital pseudotumor ipsilateral to the carotid infused a few hours to days after the procedure. After the occurrence of this syndrome in the first patient, we developed a technical modification to the procedure that enabled uninterrupted treatment in the other two patients. This modification was as follows: after the mannitol infusion, and before carboplatin, the catheter was changed for a 3.5 tracker and was repositioned just above the emergence of the ophthalmic artery.  (+info)

Diplopia and periorbital mass associated with Miragel buckling explant. (5/32)

A 28-year-old female presented with a palpable mass lesion on the superonasal aspect of her right globe and she had a progressive diplopia. She had a scleral encircling surgery with a Miragel explant (MIRA, Waltham, Mass, USA) for the tractional retinal detachment associated with pars planitis 9 years previously. On examination, she revealed restricted eye movements of her right eye. The magnetic resonance imaging documented a swelling of the Miragel explant that mimicked a periorbital mass lesion. The Miragel explant was removed and fragmentation of the explant was found intraoperatively. The removed Miragel explant was examined by a scanning electron microscopy, and this demonstrated a disintergrated and swollen structural composition of the Miragel explant. Postoperatively, her extraocular movement was almost restored and the retina remained well attached. Alterations in the structural composition of the Miragel explant results in an excessive swelling that causes a restriction of the extraocular movement, and this can mimick a periorbital mass lesion.  (+info)

Bilateral idiopathic sclerosing inflammation of the orbit: report of three cases. (6/32)

We report 3 cases of bilateral orbital sclerosing inflammation and review the literatures concerning bilateral idiopathic orbital inflammation. We found that when idiopathic orbital inflammation presents as a bilaterally diffuse retrobulbar apical mass, the sclerosing subtype must be considered first, and an orbital biopsy should be performed. The present cases were characterized by chronic-onset, cicatricial inflammation with a mass effect. The most common ocular findings in our study were vision decrease, proptosis, and restriction of extraocular muscle movement. We found that current treatment, using systemic corticosteroids and radiotherapy, was nonspecific, incomplete, or frequently resulted in relapse. For cases refractory to corticosteroids and radiotherapy, early and aggressive multiagent immunosuppressive therapy should be used to minimize visual and ocular disabilities.  (+info)

5-fluorouracil as a phosensitiser. (7/32)

5-FU exhibits a high fluorescence after irradiation with UV-vis light. An enhancement of the cytostatic activity of 5-FU under UV-vis irradiation was observed on an in vivo experimental model.  (+info)

MR imaging of orbital inflammatory pseudotumors with extraorbital extension. (8/32)

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a variety of MR imaging findings of orbital inflammatory pseudotumors with extraorbital extension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the MR features of five patients, who were diagnosed clinically and radiologically as having an orbital inflammatory pseudotumor with extraorbital extension. RESULTS: The types of orbital pseudotumors were a mass in the orbital apex (n = 3), diffuse form (n = 2), and myositis (n = 1). The extraorbital extension of the orbital pseudotumor passed through the superior orbital fissure in all cases, through the inferior orbital fissure in two cases, and through the optic canal in one case. The orbital lesions extended into the following areas: the cavernous sinus (n = 4), the middle cranial fossa (n = 4), Meckel's cave (n = 2), the petrous apex (n = 2), the clivus (n = 2), the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa (n = 2), the foramen rotundum (n = 1), the paranasal sinus (n = 1), and the infraorbital foramen (n = 1). On MR imaging, the lesions appeared as an isosignal intensity with gray matter on the T1-weighted images, as a low signal intensity on the T2-weighted images and showed a marked enhancement on the post-gadoliniumdiethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (post-Gd-DTPA) T1-sequences. The symptoms of all of the patients improved when they were given high doses of steroids. Three of the five patients experienced a recurrence. CONCLUSION: MR imaging is useful for demonstrating the presence of a variety of extraorbital extensions of orbital inflammatory pseudotumors.  (+info)

Orbital pseudotumor, also known as orbital inflammatory syndrome or idiopathic orbital inflammation, is a non-specific term used to describe a group of conditions characterized by inflammation in the orbit (the bony cavity surrounding the eye) without any identifiable cause. It is not a true tumor, but rather an inflammatory reaction that can mimic the symptoms and signs of a tumor.

The condition can affect people of any age, although it is more common in middle-aged adults. The exact cause of orbital pseudotumor is unknown, but it is believed to be related to an abnormal immune response or inflammation triggered by various factors such as infections, trauma, or autoimmune disorders.

Symptoms of orbital pseudotumor may include eye pain, redness, swelling, protrusion of the eyeball (proptosis), double vision, and decreased vision. Diagnostic tests such as imaging studies (CT or MRI scans) and biopsy may be used to rule out other causes of orbital inflammation. Treatment typically involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, although other immunosuppressive medications may be necessary in severe cases. In some cases, the condition may resolve on its own without treatment.

A "Plasma Cell Granuloma" is a specific type of granulomatous inflammation that is characterized by the presence of numerous plasma cells. Plasma cells are white blood cells that produce antibodies, which are proteins that help the body fight off infections and diseases. In a Plasma Cell Granuloma, there is an excessive accumulation of these cells, leading to the formation of a nodular lesion or mass.

Plasma Cell Granulomas can occur in various organs, including the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and oral cavity. They are often associated with chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders, or malignancies. The exact cause of Plasma Cell Granulomas is not always known, but they may be triggered by infections, foreign bodies, or other stimuli that induce an immune response.

Histologically, a Plasma Cell Granuloma is composed of a central area of plasma cells surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes and macrophages. The lesion may also contain multinucleated giant cells, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells. Treatment options for Plasma Cell Granulomas depend on the location and extent of the lesion, as well as the underlying cause. Surgical excision is often curative, but medical therapy may be necessary in some cases.

Pseudotumor cerebri, also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased pressure around the brain without any identifiable cause such as a tumor or other space-occupying lesion. The symptoms mimic those of a brain mass, hence the term "pseudotumor."

The primary manifestation of this condition is headaches, often accompanied by vision changes like blurry vision, double vision, or temporary loss of vision, and pulsatile tinnitus (a rhythmic whooshing sound in the ears). Other symptoms can include neck pain, nausea, vomiting, and papilledema (swelling of the optic nerve disc). If left untreated, pseudotumor cerebri can lead to permanent vision loss.

The exact cause of pseudotumor cerebri remains unknown, but it has been associated with certain factors such as obesity, rapid weight gain, female gender (particularly during reproductive years), sleep apnea, and the use of certain medications like tetracyclines, vitamin A derivatives, and steroid withdrawal. Diagnosis typically involves a series of tests including neurological examination, imaging studies (such as MRI or CT scan), and lumbar puncture to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Treatment usually focuses on lowering intracranial pressure through medications, weight loss, and sometimes surgical interventions like optic nerve sheath fenestration or shunting procedures.

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the inflammation of the nerve structures (including the fifth and sixth cranial nerves) within the cavernous sinus, a venous space near the base of the skull. This inflammation can lead to various symptoms such as:

1. Unilateral or bilateral orbital pain, which may be severe and deep, often radiating around the eye and temple.
2. Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis of the eye muscles), causing double vision (diplopia) and limited eye movement in specific directions.
3. Ptosis (drooping of the eyelid).
4. Other possible symptoms include decreased sensation around the forehead, cheek, or upper jaw, and loss of taste on the anterior part of the tongue.

The exact cause of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is unknown, but it's believed to be related to an autoimmune response or a non-specific inflammatory process. It can also occur in conjunction with other medical conditions like neoplasms (tumors) or infections. The diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as MRI and CT scans, along with blood tests and a thorough neurological examination.

Treatment usually includes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. In some cases, immunosuppressive medications or radiation therapy may be necessary. If left untreated, Tolosa-Hunt syndrome can lead to permanent visual impairment or other neurological deficits.

The middle cranial fossa is a depression or hollow in the skull that forms the upper and central portion of the cranial cavity. It is located between the anterior cranial fossa (which lies anteriorly) and the posterior cranial fossa (which lies posteriorly). The middle cranial fossa contains several important structures, including the temporal lobes of the brain, the pituitary gland, the optic chiasm, and the cavernous sinuses. It is also where many of the cranial nerves pass through on their way to the brain.

The middle cranial fossa can be further divided into two parts: the anterior and posterior fossae. The anterior fossa contains the optic chiasm and the pituitary gland, while the posterior fossa contains the temporal lobes of the brain and the cavernous sinuses.

The middle cranial fossa is formed by several bones of the skull, including the sphenoid bone, the temporal bone, and the parietal bone. The shape and size of the middle cranial fossa can vary from person to person, and abnormalities in its structure can be associated with various medical conditions, such as pituitary tumors or aneurysms.

Orbital diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the orbit, which is the bony cavity in the skull that contains the eye, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as eyelid swelling, protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, pain, and limited extraocular muscle movement.

Orbital diseases can be broadly classified into inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic (benign or malignant), vascular, traumatic, and congenital categories. Some examples of orbital diseases include:

* Orbital cellulitis: a bacterial or fungal infection that causes swelling and inflammation in the orbit
* Graves' disease: an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland and can cause protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos)
* Orbital tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the orbit, such as optic nerve gliomas, lacrimal gland tumors, and lymphomas
* Carotid-cavernous fistulas: abnormal connections between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus, leading to pulsatile proptosis and other symptoms
* Orbital fractures: breaks in the bones surrounding the orbit, often caused by trauma
* Congenital anomalies: structural abnormalities present at birth, such as craniofacial syndromes or dermoid cysts.

Proper diagnosis and management of orbital diseases require a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, neurologists, radiologists, and other specialists.

Orbital myositis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the extraocular muscles, which are the muscles responsible for eye movement. These muscles are located within the orbit, the bony cavity that contains and protects the eye. Orbital myositis can cause symptoms such as painful eye movements, double vision, redness, swelling, and decreased visual acuity.

The condition is often associated with other systemic inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and sarcoidosis. However, it can also occur as an isolated phenomenon, known as idiopathic orbital myositis.

Diagnosis of orbital myositis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and blood tests to evaluate for underlying systemic conditions. Treatment usually includes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms, as well as addressing any underlying systemic disorders if present.

Orbital neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the orbit, which is the bony cavity that contains the eyeball, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These neoplasms can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous), and they can arise from various types of cells within the orbit.

Orbital neoplasms can cause a variety of symptoms depending on their size, location, and rate of growth. Common symptoms include protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, limited eye movement, pain, swelling, and numbness in the face. In some cases, orbital neoplasms may not cause any noticeable symptoms, especially if they are small and slow-growing.

There are many different types of orbital neoplasms, including:

1. Optic nerve glioma: a rare tumor that arises from the optic nerve's supportive tissue.
2. Orbital meningioma: a tumor that originates from the membranes covering the brain and extends into the orbit.
3. Lacrimal gland tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the lacrimal gland, which produces tears.
4. Orbital lymphangioma: a non-cancerous tumor that arises from the lymphatic vessels in the orbit.
5. Rhabdomyosarcoma: a malignant tumor that develops from the skeletal muscle cells in the orbit.
6. Metastatic tumors: cancerous growths that spread to the orbit from other parts of the body, such as the breast, lung, or prostate.

The diagnosis and treatment of orbital neoplasms depend on several factors, including the type, size, location, and extent of the tumor. Imaging tests, such as CT scans and MRI, are often used to visualize the tumor and determine its extent. A biopsy may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor's type and grade. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Eye diseases are a range of conditions that affect the eye or visual system, causing damage to vision and, in some cases, leading to blindness. These diseases can be categorized into various types, including:

1. Refractive errors: These include myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), astigmatism, and presbyopia, which affect the way light is focused on the retina and can usually be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
2. Cataracts: A clouding of the lens inside the eye that leads to blurry vision, glare, and decreased contrast sensitivity. Cataract surgery is the most common treatment for this condition.
3. Glaucoma: A group of diseases characterized by increased pressure in the eye, leading to damage to the optic nerve and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes medications, laser therapy, or surgery.
4. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD): A progressive condition that affects the central part of the retina called the macula, causing blurry vision and, in advanced stages, loss of central vision. Treatment may include anti-VEGF injections, laser therapy, or nutritional supplements.
5. Diabetic retinopathy: A complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels in the retina, leading to bleeding, leakage, and potential blindness if left untreated. Treatment includes laser therapy, anti-VEGF injections, or surgery.
6. Retinal detachment: A separation of the retina from its underlying tissue, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with surgery.
7. Amblyopia (lazy eye): A condition where one eye does not develop normal vision, often due to a misalignment or refractive error in childhood. Treatment includes correcting the underlying problem and encouraging the use of the weaker eye through patching or other methods.
8. Strabismus (crossed eyes): A misalignment of the eyes that can lead to amblyopia if not treated promptly with surgery, glasses, or other methods.
9. Corneal diseases: Conditions that affect the transparent outer layer of the eye, such as keratoconus, Fuchs' dystrophy, and infectious keratitis, which can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
10. Uveitis: Inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, which can cause vision loss if not treated promptly with anti-inflammatory medications or surgery.

Skin diseases, also known as dermatological conditions, refer to any medical condition that affects the skin, which is the largest organ of the human body. These diseases can affect the skin's function, appearance, or overall health. They can be caused by various factors, including genetics, infections, allergies, environmental factors, and aging.

Skin diseases can present in many different forms, such as rashes, blisters, sores, discolorations, growths, or changes in texture. Some common examples of skin diseases include acne, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, fungal infections, viral infections, bacterial infections, and skin cancer.

The symptoms and severity of skin diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and individual factors. Some skin diseases are mild and can be treated with over-the-counter medications or topical creams, while others may require more intensive treatments such as prescription medications, light therapy, or even surgery.

It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any unusual or persistent changes in your skin, as some skin diseases can be serious or indicative of other underlying health conditions. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.

Dermatology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases and conditions related to the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. A dermatologist is a medical doctor who has completed specialized training in this field. They are qualified to treat a wide range of skin conditions, including acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin cancer, and many others. Dermatologists may also perform cosmetic procedures to improve the appearance of the skin or to treat signs of aging.

Dermatologic agents are medications, chemicals, or other substances that are applied to the skin (dermis) for therapeutic or cosmetic purposes. They can be used to treat various skin conditions such as acne, eczema, psoriasis, fungal infections, and wounds. Dermatologic agents include topical corticosteroids, antibiotics, antifungals, retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and many others. They can come in various forms such as creams, ointments, gels, lotions, solutions, and patches. It is important to follow the instructions for use carefully to ensure safety and effectiveness.

"Sex factors" is a term used in medicine and epidemiology to refer to the differences in disease incidence, prevalence, or response to treatment that are observed between males and females. These differences can be attributed to biological differences such as genetics, hormones, and anatomy, as well as social and cultural factors related to gender.

For example, some conditions such as autoimmune diseases, depression, and osteoporosis are more common in women, while others such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are more prevalent in men. Additionally, sex differences have been observed in the effectiveness and side effects of various medications and treatments.

It is important to consider sex factors in medical research and clinical practice to ensure that patients receive appropriate and effective care.

"Sex distribution" is a term used to describe the number of males and females in a study population or sample. It can be presented as a simple count, a percentage, or a ratio. This information is often used in research to identify any differences in health outcomes, disease prevalence, or response to treatment between males and females. Additionally, understanding sex distribution can help researchers ensure that their studies are representative of the general population and can inform the design of future studies.

Mikulicz disease is a rare condition characterized by the symmetrical enlargement of the salivary and lacrimal glands. It is named after Jan Mikulicz-Radecki, a Polish surgeon who first described it in 1892. The enlarged glands are typically painless, and the condition can be associated with other systemic diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and tuberculosis.

In Mikulicz disease, there is a benign infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands with immune cells, particularly lymphocytes, which can lead to their enlargement. The exact cause of the condition is not known, but it is thought to be related to an autoimmune response.

Mikulicz disease is often treated with medications that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs. In some cases, surgical removal of the affected glands may be necessary. The prognosis for Mikulicz disease is generally good, but it can vary depending on the underlying cause and any associated medical conditions.

Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome, also known as orbital pseudotumor, was first described by Gleason in 1903 and by ... Involving the orbital apex and with intracranial involvement Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a variant of orbital pseudotumor in which ... Orbital Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Springer,:317-328, 2005 Weber AL, Romo LV, Sabates NR. Pseudotumor of the ... Its former name, orbital pseudotumor, is derived due to resemblance to a neoplasm. However, histologically it is characterized ...
Examples include sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor. Dacryoadenitis can be diagnosed by examination of ...
Pediatric orbital pseudotumor: case report and review of the literature. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1996 Winter;36(1):161-77. Berger ...
"Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumors: Etiology, Differential Diagnosis, and Management". Current Rheumatology Reports. 12 (6): 443 ... Also known as orbital tenonitis, tenonitis is associated with the SLC26A3 gene. The inflammation of the Tenon capsule resulting ... A gene that is associated with orbital tenonitis is the SLC26A3 gene. This gene mediates chloride and bicarbonate exchange and ... "Orbital Tenonitis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials". www.malacards.org. Retrieved 2020-11- ...
It may be seen in many conditions like Graves' ophthalmopathy, Orbital cellulitis, Orbital pseudotumor etc. A weak bell ... If necessary, management of proptosis may be done by orbital decompression. Eyelid taping during sleep may alleviate mild cases ...
Dacryoadenitis Erdheim-Chester disease Mucormycosis Orbital pseudotumor - presents with acute, usually unilateral proptosis ... Orbital cellulitis - often with unilateral proptosis, severe redness, and moderate to severe pain, sinusitis and an elevated ... Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor ... Gelatt, Kirk (2002). Treatment of Orbital Diseases in Small Animals. Proceedings of the 27th World Congress of the World Small ...
... also called orbital pseudotumor). From the study, Tychsen and his group surmised that trochleitis was a subtype of idiopathic ... in a study of thirteen patients with orbital pain and point tenderness over the trochlear region. Previously, the trochleitis ... The absence of generalized signs of orbital involvement is helpful in eliminating other more common causes of periorbital pain ... orbital inflammation distinct from the larger category in that it produced little/ no discernible ocular signs (the eye looked ...
The disease is also known as orbital inflammatory pseudotumor, and sometimes may only affect the lacrimal gland or the ... Tenon's capsule may be affected by a disease called idiopathic orbital inflammation, a condition of unknown etiology that is ... separating it from the orbital fat and forming a socket in which it moves. The inner surface of Tenon's capsule is smooth and ...
... inflammatory orbital pseudotumor, and thyroid ophthalmopathy. Patients often have bulging out of the eye (proptosis) with mild ... In less than three percent of patients, an orbital hemorrhage after an injection behind the eye (retrobulbar block) can cause ... In patients with an orbital fracture, vomiting or nose blowing can force air into the orbit and possibly compromise the ... The role of high-dose steroids and orbital decompression in treating these patients is controversial and, if administered, must ...
... imaging in the absence of cranial nerve palsy is described by the more benign and general nomenclature of orbital pseudotumor.[ ... superior orbital fissure and/or orbital apex. Inflammatory change of the orbit on cross sectional ... Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with orbital pain, along with weakness ... cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure).[citation needed] Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is usually diagnosed via exclusion, and as ...
Durnford L, Patel MS, Khamar R, Khurram R (April 2021). "Bilateral sternocleidomastoid pseudotumors-a case report and ... "Primary Resection and Immediate Autologous Reconstruction of Fronto-orbital Infantile Myofibromatoses". Plastic and ...
... diagnosis of cases now considered to be IgG4-ROD have included idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease and orbital pseudotumor ... IgG4-related orbital inflammation (orbital soft tissue) IgG4-related pan-orbital inflammation (all of the various types of ... Other orbital masses or inflammation can result in visual disturbance (blurred vision, double vision, visual field impairment ... Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease Masayuki Takahira; Yoshiaki Ozawa; Mitsuhiro Kawano; Yoh Zen; Shoko Hamaoka; Kazunori ...
Finally, it enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and to innervate the superior oblique muscle. The human ... A generalized increase in intracranial pressure-hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri, hemorrhage, edema-will affect the fourth ... Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure. Upper part of medulla ... as can orbital tumors and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. In general, these diseases affect other cranial nerves as well. Isolated damage ...
Eyelid, Conjunctival, and Orbital Tumors and Intraocular Tumors • An Atlas and Text (Two-Volume Set) *McCullough, Marie, "Wills ... He is part of a full-time practice devoted to tumors and pseudotumors of the eyelids, conjunctiva, intraocular structures, and ...
... also known as Pseudotumor Cerebri), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis or intracerebral hemorrhage Respiratory failure Hypotonia ... Malignant hypertension Medulloblastoma Obesity Orbital Glaucoma: central retinal vein occlusion, cavernous sinus thrombosis ...
It enters the orbit through (medial end of) the superior orbital fissure, passing through the common tendinous ring to reach ... Indirect damage to the sixth nerve can be caused by any process (brain tumor, hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri, hemorrhage, ... Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure. Cerebrum.Inferior view ...
eBL commonly presents with a jaw mass; periorbital swelling due to an orbital tumor; or an abdominal mass caused by a tumor in ... Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular/fibroblastic dendritic cell sarcoma is a variant of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma ... "A Rare Case of Epstein-Barr Virus Negative Inflammatory Pseudotumor-like Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Presenting as a ...
Purpose: Orbital pseudotumor (or pseudotumor orbitae) is a benign entity, also known as idiopathic orbital inflammatory ... Purpose: Orbital pseudotumor (or pseudotumor orbitae) is a benign entity, also known as idiopathic orbital inflammatory ... The Role of Radiotherapy in Orbital Pseudotumor: A Systematic Review of Literature. Fionda B.;Pagliara, M. M.;Lancellotta V.; ... The Role of Radiotherapy in Orbital Pseudotumor: A Systematic Review of Literature, ,,OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION,,, ...
Idiopathic Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation 혹은, 경화성 안와 가성종양, Orbital Sclerosing Pseudotumor 는.. 안와에서 진행성, 경화성 염증을 일으켜, 주변 안구 조직에 ... "특발성 Idiopathic - 원인이 밝혀지지않은경화성 Sclerosing - 조직의 광범위한 섬유화를 동반하는 안와 Orbital - 눈주위 조직에서 발생하는염증 Inflammation - 염증성 질환 안와 - 눈주위의 ... 안와 림프종, Orbital Lymphoproliferative disorder, Orbital lymphoma 의 증상, 검사소견, 치료 * 안와 림프증식질환, 안구 부속기 림프종, Orbital ... 특발성 경화성 안와염증, 안와의 경화성 가성종양, Idiopathic Sclerosing Orbital Inflammation, Sclerosing Pseudotumor of Orbit에 대해서 알아보았습니다. ...
Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome, also known as orbital pseudotumor, was first described by Gleason in 1903 and by ... Involving the orbital apex and with intracranial involvement Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is a variant of orbital pseudotumor in which ... Orbital Tumors: Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Springer,:317-328, 2005 Weber AL, Romo LV, Sabates NR. Pseudotumor of the ... Its former name, orbital pseudotumor, is derived due to resemblance to a neoplasm. However, histologically it is characterized ...
Benefits of Turmeric Curcumin for Inflammatory Orbital Pseudotumor. From conjunctivitis to uveitis to a low-grade form of non- ... Benefits of Turmeric Curcumin for Inflammatory Orbital Pseudotumor. From conjunctivitis to uveitis to a low-grade form of non- ...
Orbital pseudotumor.. *Pseudotumor cerebri. *Papilledema, increased opening pressure on LP.. Metabolic. *Vitamin B12 deficiency ... Orbital MRI with and without contrast, performed with fat saturation sequences, generally reveals enlargement and enhancement ... Imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of optic neuritis include orbital MRI and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These ...
Orbital pseudotumour. Moseley IF, Wright JE. Moseley IF, et al. Clin Radiol. 1992 Jan;45(1):67. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9260(05) ...
... and clinical features of ophthalmic disease overlapping with those of IgG4-related orbital disease. ... and orbital tissue and muscle swelling [54, 55]. Many conditions may mimic GO, including orbital pseudotumor; orbital neoplasms ... they collected orbital biopsies from patients diagnosed with nonspecific orbital inflammation (NSOI; ), GPA (. ), sarcoidosis ( ... pseudotumor), eyelids, the trigeminal nerve (especially the infraorbital nerve), the optical nerve, and even orbital bones [59 ...
The 2 lobes of the lacrimal gland, the orbital lobe and the much smaller palpebral lobe, are separated anatomically by the ... Inflammatory etiologies, while not uncommon, include dacryoadenitis, sarcoidosis, and orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. For the ... The 2 lobes of the lacrimal gland, the orbital lobe and the much smaller palpebral lobe, are separated anatomically by the ... Thus, disease processes that solely affect the orbital lobe may not manifest until later in the course of the illness. ...
Orbital Pseudotumor...250 • Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy...251 • Presbyopia...252 SEPTEMBER Central Retinal Artery ... Metastatic Orbital Disease...157 JUNE Safety Glasses...159 • Trachoma...160 • Ophthalmic Complications of the Human ... Orbital Floor Fracture...204 • Juvenile Xanthogranuloma...205 • Marginal Ulcer...206 • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial ... Orbital Cellulitis...294 • Beta-Blockers...295 • Myopic Shift...296 • Astigmatic Keratotomy...297 • Duane Syndrome...298 • Pars ...
Hong ES, Birkholz ES, Wendel LJA, Allen RC. Orbital inflammation secondary to bisphosphonate therapy (orbital pseudotumor). ... December 29, 2009; Available from: http://www.EyeRounds.org/cases/101-orbitalpseudotumor.htm. ...
Inflammation affecting any or all parts of the orbit is called inflammatory orbital pseudotumor (which is not really a tumor ... Inflammation that affects the tissue within the orbit and around and behind the eye is called orbital cellulitis Orbital ... Causes of Orbital Inflammation Inflammation of the orbit can be the result of a bodywide (systemic) inflammatory disorder. ... Symptoms of Orbital Inflammation Symptoms vary depending on which structures are actually inflamed. In general, symptoms start ...
Involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor ...
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of bilateral cavernous sinus and optic nerve with unknown primary mimicking orbital pseudotumor Kumar ...
Depending on the site of involvement, ocular lymphoma can be either intraocular or orbital and adnexal. ... The differential diagnosis for orbital lymphoma includes idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor, orbital lymphoid hyperplasia, ... Orbital and adnexal lymphoma. Orbital and ocular adnexal lymphoma has an insidious onset and can progress slowly for over a ... Orbital and adnexal lymphoma. CT scans and MRIs have made it possible to make a strong presumptive diagnosis of orbital ...
orbital inflammatory syndrome *Infusion reactions- which may even be fatal approximately 80% of fatal reactions occurred with ... pseudotumor cerebri) usually following discontinuation of treatment; insomnia, meningitis, mood swings, personality changes, ...
Aouidad et al reported the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with orbital "pseudotumors" (I do not understand why these ... IgG4-related disease with orbital pseudotumors treated with rituximab combined with palpebral surgery. JAMA Dermatology 2017; ...
Orbital pseudotumors are inflammatory lesions within the orbit that are not neoplastic.5,6 They are a significant cause of ... Acute orbital myositis and idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor in children: three cases. Arch Pediatr. 1998; 5:153-158. ... Martin J, Datner EM, Perrone J. A sighting of orbital pseudotumor. Am J Emerg Med. 2000;18: 83-85. ... Orbital cellulitis can be a complicating feature of sinusitis that can present with proptosis.1,2 Patients often have fever, ...
Examples of such disorders include orbital pseudotumor, scleritis, uveitis, giant cell arteritis and optic neuritis. ...
Sinus CT is also useful for evaluating orbital pseudotumor (GPA or MPA). ...
Martin J, Datner EM, Perrone J : A sighting of orbital pseudotumor The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 18: 83-85, 2000. ...
Mombaerts I , Goldschmeding R, Schlingemann RO, Koornneef L. What is orbital pseudotumour? Surv Ophthalmol 1996;41:66-78. ... Role of curcumin in idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumours. Phytother Res 2000;14:443-7. ...
Inflammatory infiltrates in the retro-orbital space (orbital pseudotumor) can cause proptosis, compression of the optic nerve, ...
... are relatively rare and this is the first report stressing the ... Idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor (IOIP) is the third most common cause of unilateral exophthalmos in adults, ... Retinoblastoma with orbital extension and intracranial metastasis. 5. 3 years/F/R+L Retinoblastoma with orbital extension and ... Yan J, Qiu H, Wu Z, Li Y (2006) Idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor in Chinese children. Orbit 25: 1-4. ...
... orbital apex meningioma (9 %), ossifying fibroma (9 %), and inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit (9 %); 54 % of the patients ... The FD of the orbital region can lead to optic nerve compression and possibly to visual loss. They stated that there is no ... The patient had sudden visual loss associated with fracture of the left orbital floor and medial and lateral wall of the left ... Patients were followed-up for 6 to 86 months (mean of 29.3 months; median of 25 months). There were 5 cases of spheno-orbital ...
... orbital plate 62 44 98 Orbital plate implant 62 44 98 Postoperative state, fracture, orbit 62 50 00 Tumor, orbit NOS 62 53 00 ... due to pseudotumor cerebri 77 60 76 Papilledema, due to intracranial neoplasm 77 61 00 Atrophy, optic (nerve) NOS (temporal) 77 ... orbital fat *Codes for surgical and nonsurgical therapy were not used for HANES.History of surgical procedure was coded to ... 99 00 70 Pseudotumor cerebri 99 00 70 Scotoma, due to migraine headache (scintillating) 99 00 70 Water tumor, brain 99 00 74 ...
Myositis :: Orbital Pseudotumor/ocular. I am absolutely discouraged, and distraught, with the progression of my disease. I was ... Cataflam Causing Nausea - Pseudotumor Cerebri. Jan 2, 2008 I am 35 old and ten months ago doctor diagnosed pseudotumor cerebri ... diagnosed with orbital pseudotumor/myositis in November 2012 at the age of 42. I have been on a high dose steroid since, had ...
... an orbital abscess, usually following frontal or ethmoid sinusitis, a pseudotumour of the orbit due to a granuloma of unknown ... Orbital pathology usually presents as proptosis. Symptoms reflect the orbital volume increase. Direction indicates the site of ... then there were 5 cases of orbital cellulitis (20%), 1 case of mucormycosis (4%), 1 case of orbital apex syndrome (4%), and 1 ... Proptosis in many cases if undiagnosed and unexplained when deep in the orbit and left to fate is not advisable, so orbital ...
... disease of the orbit and adjacent connective tissues of cats has historically been called feline orbital pseudotumor. The ... disease of the orbit and adjacent connective tissues of cats has historically been called feline orbital pseudotumor. The ... The authors adopted the term feline restrictive orbital myofibroblastic sarcoma to reflect the restricted mobility of the ... led to entrapment and restricted mobility of the eyelids and orbital tissues. The tumor failed to form a discrete mass, and it ...
ANCA-associated kidney disease preceded by orbital pseudotumor. Oleson, I., Fecker, A., Richardson, K., Bauer, A., Andeen, N. K ...
  • Pseudotumor cerebri (also known as idiopathic intracranial hypertension) is a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without a discernable cause. (aetna.com)
  • I am 35 old and ten months ago doctor diagnosed pseudotumor cerebri. (bigresource.org)
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), a condition that may be treated with medication, surgery or cutting-edge nonsurgical procedures. (uchealth.org)
  • It is a benign, nongranulomatous orbital inflammatory process characterized by extraocular orbital and adnexal inflammation with no known local or systemic cause. (wikipedia.org)
  • Idiopathic orbital inflammation has a varied clinical presentation depending on the involved tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can range from a diffuse inflammatory process to a more localized inflammation of muscle, lacrimal gland or orbital fat. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pediatric IOI accounts for about 17% of cases idiopathic orbital inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • proposes that organisms resembling Mollicutes cause orbital inflammation by destroying the cytoplasmic organelles of parasitized cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The histopathology of idiopathic orbital inflammation is described as nondiagnostic and diverse. (wikipedia.org)
  • They include inflammation of the extraocular muscles (myositis) with tendinous involvement, orbital fat stranding, lacrimal gland inflammation and enlargement (dacryoadenitis), involvement of the optic sheath complex, uvea, and sclera, a focal intraorbital mass or even diffuse orbital involvement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Noninfectious orbital inflammation has many causes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • IgG4-related orbital inflammation can affect the same structures as granulomatosis with polyangiitis but typically has fewer symptoms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inflammation affecting any or all parts of the orbit is called inflammatory orbital pseudotumor (which is not really a tumor and is not a cancer) or nonspecific orbital inflammation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is a painful ophthalmoplegia caused by nonspecific inflammation of the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure. (medscape.com)
  • Nonspecific inflammation (noncaseating granulomatous or nongranulomatous) within the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure is the cause of the constant pain, which characterizes the onset of this disorder. (medscape.com)
  • patients experience unilateral onset of acute orbital pain and ophthalmoparesis, and the disorder may threaten sight if untreated inflammation extends beyond the cavernous sinus to affect the optic nerve. (medscape.com)
  • Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation (Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation, Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome, Orbital Pseudotumor). (newdarknetdrugmarket.com)
  • The extraocular muscles also originate through the orbital apex. (healthncare.info)
  • The MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is utilized to scan the orbits to examine for enlargement or enhancement of extraocular muscles and orbital structures, or an orbital CT scan, which is likely a more widely available second-line alternative is used for the diagnosis. (healthncare.info)
  • Pathological involvement beyond the cavernous sinus, superior orbital fissure, or apex of the orbit occurs rarely, and the disorder is part of a continuum with idiopathic orbital pseudotumor, with which it shares histopathologic features. (medscape.com)
  • This disease also affects the region of the superior orbital fissure as well as the optic canal and leads to ophthalmoplegia. (healthncare.info)
  • The only difference between the orbital apex diseases such as OPS, CSS (Cavernous sinus syndrome), and SOFS (Superior orbital fissure syndrome) is the involvement of the optic nerve. (healthncare.info)
  • The superior orbital fissure is bounded by the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid. (medscape.com)
  • Purpose: Orbital pseudotumor (or pseudotumor orbitae) is a benign entity, also known as idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (IOIS), which encompasses a wide range of non-tumoral, space occupying lesions of the orbit. (unicatt.it)
  • Idiopathic orbital inflammatory (IOI) disease refers to a marginated mass-like enhancing soft tissue involving any area of the orbit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Based upon these findings, the presence of a lesion involving both the orbit and eye should be included when a diagnosis of retinoblastoma, idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor, lymphoma, and/or Sturge- Weber syndrome is proposed. (omicsonline.org)
  • Proptosis is described as an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball [ 1 ], and in relation to the skull, proptosis is measured from the corneal apex to the outer orbital margin of the orbit, with the eye looking straight [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A progressive debilitating disease of the orbit and adjacent connective tissues of cats has historically been called feline orbital pseudotumor. (avmi.net)
  • Histologically, an insidious infiltration of neoplastic spindle cells in the orbit, eyelids, and periorbital skin and soft tissues, with collagen deposition and a few perivascular lymphocytes, led to entrapment and restricted mobility of the eyelids and orbital tissues. (avmi.net)
  • The orbital apex is the point where the orbit connects with the skull at the craniofacial junction. (healthncare.info)
  • The imaging of the orbit is used to determine the diagnosis of orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • The orbit, which protects, supports, and maximizes the function of the eye, is shaped like a quadrilateral pyramid, with its base in plane with the orbital rim. (medscape.com)
  • The superficial bony orbit is defined by the orbital margin, which is rectangular with rounded corners. (medscape.com)
  • This image of the right orbit shows superficial landmarks, optic canal, and superior and inferior orbital fissures. (medscape.com)
  • The greater wing of the sphenoid, the maxilla, and the palatine bones of the orbit form the boundaries of the inferior orbital fissure. (medscape.com)
  • The infraorbital sulcus crosses the floor of the orbit and carries the infraorbital artery, infraorbital vein, and infraorbital nerve from the inferior orbital fissure to the infraorbital foramen. (medscape.com)
  • A differential diagnosis includes lymphoproliferative lesions, thyroid ophthalmopathy, IgG4-related ophthalmic disease, sarcoidosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, orbital cellulitis and carotid-cavernous fistula. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples include sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital pseudotumor. (web.app)
  • Both preseptal cellulitis and orbital. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The orbital apex syndrome can result from bacterial orbital cellulitis, viral infections, and fungal sinusitis. (healthncare.info)
  • The best imaging modality for idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease is contrast-enhanced thin section magnetic resonance with fat suppression. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is the most common painful orbital mass in the adult population, and is associated with proptosis, cranial nerve palsy (Tolosa-Hunt syndrome), uveitis, and retinal detachment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of such disorders include orbital pseudotumor, scleritis, uveitis, giant cell arteritis and optic neuritis. (uveitis.org)
  • Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome, also known as orbital pseudotumor, was first described by Gleason in 1903 and by Busse and Hochheim. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overall, radiographic features for idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome vary widely. (wikipedia.org)
  • Patients' ages ranged from 22 months to 71 years (median = 3.0 years) and included 5 cases of retinoblastoma, 1 case of idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor, 1 case of T-cell lymphoma, and 1 case of Sturge- Weber syndrome. (omicsonline.org)
  • Orbital apex syndrome is a condition in which the cranial and optic nerves are involved and they do not work properly. (healthncare.info)
  • The inclusion of ocular motor nerves in the anatomical zone of the orbital apex causes ophthalmoplegia and visual loss which leads to orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • Patients with orbital apex syndrome mostly complain about hypoesthesia of the forehead and afferent pupillary deficit. (healthncare.info)
  • Due to this, orbital apex syndrome is considered different from the other two diseases. (healthncare.info)
  • Thus, this feature of orbital apex syndrome is considered a distinguishing characteristic. (healthncare.info)
  • The diagnosis of the disease becomes easy due to this feature of the orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • From the above-mentioned symptoms, the loss of vision is the most common complaint of patients with orbital apex syndrome. (healthncare.info)
  • Orbital Apex Syndrome is caused by various infections, inflammations, and tumors and the severity differs according to the origin of the disease. (healthncare.info)
  • The fungal infections that result in orbital apex syndrome are due to Mucormycosis or aspergillosis fungus. (healthncare.info)
  • Orbital inflammatory syndrome (OIS) or orbital pseudotumor is the most frequent cause of an orbital mass. (biruni.edu.tr)
  • type 1 autoimmune pancreatitis , interstitial nephritis , Riedel's thyroiditis , Mikulicz's disease , Küttner's tumor , inflammatory pseudotumors (in various sites of the body), mediastinal fibrosis and some cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis . (mdwiki.org)
  • Orbital and adnexal lymphoma is associated with systemic lymphoma in 30-35% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • The median age at presentation for orbital and adnexal lymphoma is older than 60 years. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of optic neuritis include orbital MRI and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These tools can be particularly helpful if the clinical history or physical examination findings are atypical for ON. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • We strongly recommend considering the diagnosis of GO with elevated IgG4 in patients with an established diagnosis of GD, elevated serum IgG4 levels, and clinical features of ophthalmic disease overlapping with those of IgG4-related orbital disease. (hindawi.com)
  • From an initial retrospective review of 1543 patients with a diagnosis of intraocular and/or orbital spaceoccupied lesions, 8 patients (4 males and 4 females) with a coexistence of both intraocular and orbital mass lesions were identified. (omicsonline.org)
  • Aouidad et al reported the case of a 51-year-old woman presenting with orbital "pseudotumors" (I do not understand why these are not just "tumors" - large swellings of any cause that may be benign or malignant) that histologically demonstrated eosinophilic angiocentric sclerosis related to IgG4. (aad.org)
  • An orbital pseudotumor such as those caused by Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis can cause "proptosis", or protrusion of one eye. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
  • Pictured below is a computed tomography (CAT) scan of the eyes in a patient with a retro-orbital mass (a mass behind the eye) in a man with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. (hopkinsvasculitis.org)
  • Outcomes of Isolated Medial Orbital Wall Fracture Reconstructions. (jkos.org)
  • Reconstruction of Orbital Medial Wall Fracture with Absorbable and Non-Absorbable Orbital Implant: Comparative Study. (jkos.org)
  • Orbital pseudotumor has also been observed in association with Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, and ankylosing spondylitis all of which strengthen the basis of IOI being an immune-mediated disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, disease processes that solely affect the orbital lobe may not manifest until later in the course of the illness. (medscape.com)
  • As the disease progresses the mild orbital congestion and adnexal edema become more destructive. (healthncare.info)
  • The incidence of orbital lesions in rank order of occurrence include: thyroidal associated ophthalmopathy , vascular lesions, idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor, and lymphoproliferative neoplasia [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • It can be the most dramatic of the orbital symptoms, especially if it has an acute onset. (hindawi.com)
  • Several studies have described cases where onset of orbital pseudotumor was seen simultaneously or several weeks after upper respiratory infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this paper, we present cases showing both intraocular and orbital soft tissue masses and highlight their clinical, pathological and imaging features. (omicsonline.org)
  • A retrospective review was performed on cases of Chinese patients with clinical findings of simultaneous intraocular and orbital spaceoccupied lesions. (omicsonline.org)
  • Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Orbital Pseudotumors. (jkos.org)
  • Bald Dacryoadenitis, dak-re-o-ad-en-i'- lis. (web.app)
  • Ophthalmic or endoscopic intervention may be required in the case of an orbital or subperiosteal abscess, depending on the severity of the infection. (healthncare.info)
  • The 2 lobes of the lacrimal gland, the orbital lobe and the much smaller palpebral lobe, are separated anatomically by the lateral horn of the levator aponeurosis. (medscape.com)
  • Malignant epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal gland account for approximately 2% of all orbital neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Concomitant intraocular and orbital space-occupied lesions are relatively rare and this is the first report stressing the underlying causes of concomitant intraocular and intraorbital lesions . (omicsonline.org)
  • A retrospective review was performed on cases with both intraocular and orbital spaceoccupied lesions who were treated at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, of Sun Yat-sen University, China between Jan 1, 2000 and Dec 31, 2011. (omicsonline.org)
  • Patients demonstrating a concomitant intraocular and orbital spaceoccupied lesion are relatively rare [ 4 , 5 ] and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report stressing the underlying causes of concomitant intraocular and intraorbital lesions in the literature. (omicsonline.org)
  • Adjacent structures may also be involved (eg, orbital pseudotumor with proptosis and vision impairment, oral ulcers) [ 21 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • The orbital process of the frontal bone and the lesser wing of the sphenoid form the orbital roof. (medscape.com)
  • Medially, the orbital wall consists of the frontal process of the maxilla, the lacrimal bone, the sphenoid, and the thin lamina papyracea of the ethmoid. (medscape.com)
  • Trauma has also been seen to precede some cases of orbital pseudotumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Orbital MRI with and without contrast, performed with fat saturation sequences, generally reveals enlargement and enhancement of the affected optic nerve in the acute setting. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Available from: http://www.EyeRounds.org/cases/101-orbitalpseudotumor.htm. (uiowa.edu)