Orchitis
Epididymitis
Mumps
Vasectomy
Testis
Autoimmune Diseases
Spermatogenesis-Blocking Agents
Spermatic Cord Torsion
Inflammation alone evokes the response of a TCR-invariant mouse gamma delta T cell subset. (1/157)
Whether gamma delta T lymphocytes respond to microbial Ags or to inducible host Ags remains a matter of controversy. Using several different disease models and mouse strains, we and others have seen that V gamma 6/V delta 1 gamma delta T cells preferentially increase among the gamma delta T cells infiltrating inflamed tissues. However, it was not clear whether bacteria are necessary to bring about this response. Therefore, we have reexamined this question using a disease model in which inflammation is induced by a purely autoimmune process involving no bacteria, bacterial products, or other foreign material: testicular cell-induced autoimmune orchitis. Using this model we found that gamma delta T cells were still plentiful among the infiltrating T lymphocytes, being 9- to 10-fold more prevalent than in spleen, and that V gamma 6/V delta 1+ cells again represented the predominant gamma delta T cell type. This finding shows that the response of the V gamma 6/V delta 1+ subset does not, in fact, depend upon the presence of bacteria or bacterial products. The stimulus triggering the response of the V gamma 6/V delta 1 gamma delta T cells appears to be neither foreign nor organ-specific in origin, but instead consists of a self-derived host Ag or signal induced during the inflammatory process. (+info)Relevance of male accessory gland infection for subsequent fertility with special focus on prostatitis. (2/157)
Infections of the male genitourinary tract may contribute to infertility to a various extent depending on the site of inflammation. Especially in prostatitis, the exact classification of the infection contributes to its impact on changes in the ejaculate. Similarly, in urethritis, epididymitis and orchitis, only a clear clinical diagnosis allows a rational approach to altered sperm parameters. Several inflammatory and reactive alterations of sperm quality seem to be proven; nevertheless, the impact of these findings on male fertility remains in many cases unclear. Even therapeutic trials do not provide more insights into the association of male genital infections and impaired fertility, although the efficacy of antibiotic trials seems to be proven. For the future, it may be decisive to evaluate inflammatory changes in the ejaculate not only on the basis of standard but also on functional parameters, thus providing new definitions of the interactions between male urogenital tract infection and disturbances of male fertility. (+info)Paracoccidioides brasilienses isolates obtained from patients with acute and chronic disease exhibit morphological differences after animal passage. (3/157)
The basis for virulence in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is not completely understood. There is a consensus that the sequential in vitro subcultivation of P. brasiliensis leads to loss of its pathogenicity, which can be reverted by reisolation from animal passage. Attention to morphological and biochemical properties that are regained or demonstrated after animal passage may provide new insights into factors related to the pathogenicity and virulence of P. brasiliensis. We evaluated morphological characters: the percentage of budding cells, number of buds by cell and the diameter of 100 mother cells of yeast-like cells of 30 P. brasiliensis isolates, before and after animal passage. The isolates were obtained from patients with different clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM): acute form (group A, n=15) and chronic form (group C, n=15). The measurement of the yeast cell sizes was carried out with the aid of an Olympus CBB microscope coupled with a micrometer disc. We measured the major transverse and longitudinal axes of 100 viable cells of each preparation. The percentage of budding cells as also the number of buds by cell was not influenced by animal passage, regardless of the source of the strain (acute or chronic groups). The size values of P. brasiliensis isolates from groups A and C, measured before the animal passage exhibited the same behavior. After animal passage, there was a statistically significant difference between the cell sizes of P. brasiliensis isolates recovered from testicles inoculated with strains from groups A and C. The maximum diameter of mother cells from group A isolates exhibited a size of 42.1 microm in contrast with 32.9 microm exhibited by mother cells from group C (p<0.05). The diameter of 1500 mother cells from group A isolates exhibited a medium size of 16.0 microm (SD +/- 4.0), a value significantly higher than the 14.1 microm (SD = +/- 3.3) exhibited by 1500 mother cells from group C isolates (p<0.05). Our results reinforce the polymorphism exhibited by P. brasiliensis in biological material and the need for further investigations to elucidate the role of morphological parameters of the fungus in the natural history of the disease. (+info)Association of molecular variants of luteinizing hormone with male infertility. (4/157)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates the interstitial Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which is essential for spermatogenesis. Abnormalities in the function of LH may affect the process of spermatogenesis and thus result in infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the association of three known variants of LH (Gln54Arg [Trp8Arg; Ile15Thr] and Gly102Ser) with male infertility. A total of 145 infertile men and 200 healthy fertile men were recruited and screened for the presence of these three LH variants. The Gln54Arg variant could not be detected in either of the groups studied. Twelve infertile (8.2%) and 15 fertile (7.5%) men were found to carry the [Trp8Ile; I15Thr] variant, but its occurrence did not show any significant difference between the patient and control groups. The Gly102Ser variant was detected in five patients with infertility (3.4%), but not in the control subjects (P = 0.013). This study showed that the Gln54Arg and [Trp8Ile; I15Thr] variants in the LHbeta gene were not associated with male infertility, whereas the Gly102Ser variant might be implicated in infertility in some Singapore Chinese men. (+info)Septic orchitis in an alpaca. (5/157)
An adult, intact male alpaca was presented with an acute onset of unilateral scrotal swelling. Following complete physical and ultrasonographic examination, the most likely differential diagnoses were orchitis, hematoma, and testicular torsion. The animal was castrated and histopathologic evaluation revealed unilateral orchitis. Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus was cultured. (+info)Differential effects of dexamethasone treatment on lipopolysaccharide-induced testicular inflammation and reproductive hormone inhibition in adult rats. (6/157)
A single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes a biphasic suppression of testicular steroidogenesis in adult rats, with inhibition at 6 h and 18-24 h after injection. The inhibition of steroidogenesis is independent of the reduction in circulating LH that also occurs after LPS treatment, indicating a direct effect of inflammation at the Leydig cell level. The relative contributions to this inhibition by intratesticular versus systemic responses to inflammation, including the adrenal glucocorticoids, was investigated in this study. Adult male Wistar rats (eight/group) received injections of LPS (0.1 mg/kg i.p.), dexamethasone (DEX; 50 microg/kg i.p.), LPS and DEX, or saline only (controls), and were killed 6 h, 18 h and 72 h later. Treatment with LPS stimulated body temperature and serum corticosterone levels measured 6 h later. Administration of DEX had no effect on body temperature, but suppressed serum corticosterone levels. At the dose used in this study, DEX alone had no effect on serum LH or testosterone at any time-point. Expression of mRNA for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), the principal inflammatory cytokine, was increased in both testis and liver of LPS-treated rats. Serum LH and testosterone levels were considerably reduced at 6 h and 18 h after LPS treatment, and had not completely recovered by 72 h. At 6 h after injection, DEX inhibited basal IL-1beta expression and the LPS-induced increase of IL-1beta mRNA levels in the liver, but had no effect on IL-1beta in the testis. The effects of DEX on IL-1beta levels in the liver were no longer evident by 18 h. In LPS-treated rats, DEX caused a significant reversal of the inhibition of serum LH and testosterone at 18 h, although not at 6 h or 72 h. Accordingly, DEX inhibited the systemic inflammatory response, but had no direct effect on either testicular steroidogenesis or intra-testicular inflammation, at the dose employed. These data suggest that the inhibition of Leydig cell steroidogenesis at 6 h after LPS injection, which was not prevented by co-administration of DEX, is most likely due to direct actions of LPS at the testicular level. In contrast, the later Leydig cell inhibition (at 18 h) may be attributable to extra-testicular effects of LPS, such as increased circulating inflammatory mediators or the release of endogenous glucocorticoids, that were inhibited by DEX treatment. These data indicate that the early and late phases of Leydig cell inhibition following LPS administration are due to separate mechanisms. (+info)Correlation between inhibin secretion and damage of seminiferous tubules in a model of experimental autoimmune orchitis. (7/157)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate inhibin secretion in rats with autoimmune orchitis. As we have previously described, experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) induced in rats by active immunization with testis homogenate and adjuvants is characterized by an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and sloughing of the germinal epithelium. At 120 days after the first immunization 60% of the rats exhibited a severe orchitis with large areas of aspermatogenic seminiferous tubules in which only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells with cytoplasmic vacuolization remained attached to the tubular wall. None of the untreated (N) or control (C) rats revealed pathological alterations. Sixty percent decrease in testis weight was observed in rats with EAO compared with N or C groups. A 3-fold increase in serum FSH levels was observed in rats with EAO compared with N or C groups (19.8+/-3.7 vs 5.6+/-0.3 and 5.9+/-0.1 ng/ml respectively). A significant decrease in inhibin B levels was observed in rats with EAO when compared with N or C groups (40+/-4.6 vs 207+/-38.8 and 221.4+/-28.6 pg/ml respectively). An inverse correlation between inhibin B and FSH serum levels and a direct correlation between inhibin B and testis weight were found. Strong expression of the inhibin alpha-subunit in Sertoli cells of untreated and control rats was observed; this subunit was undetectable or poorly detectable in rats with orchitis. Positive staining for the inhibin alpha-subunit was also observed in Leydig cells of all groups studied. In conclusion, using a model of autoimmune orchitis our results show that circulating inhibin B levels and inhibin alpha-subunit expression in Sertoli cell cytoplasm closely correlate with the degree of damage of the germinal epithelium. (+info)Contribution of environmental factors to the risk of male infertility. (8/157)
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of reports suggest that chemical and physical agents in the environment, introduced and spread by human activity, may affect male fertility in humans. We investigated the relationships between exposure to environmental agents and seminal characteristics, and the concentrations of reproductive hormones in the serum of men seeking infertility treatment. METHODS: We studied 225 male partners from consecutively recruited couples, who had their first infertility consultation between 1995 and 1998, in the Litoral Sur region of Argentina, one of the most productive farming regions in the world. RESULTS: A multivariate logistic regression model showed that exposure to pesticides and solvents is significantly associated with sperm threshold values well below the limit for male fertility. We also found that men exposed to pesticides had higher serum oestradiol concentrations, and that men exposed to solvents had lower LH concentrations than non-exposed men. All of these effects were greater in men with primary infertility than in men with secondary infertility. CONCLUSION: We have shown that environmental factors contribute to the severity of infertility, and that this may worsen the effects of pre-existing genetic or medical risk factors. (+info)Orchitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by an infection. The most common cause of orchitis is a bacterial infection that spreads from the epididymis, resulting in a condition known as epididymo-orchitis. However, viral infections such as mumps can also lead to orchitis. Symptoms may include sudden and severe pain in the testicle(s), swelling, warmth, redness of the overlying skin, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial infections and supportive care for symptom relief. If left untreated, orchitis can lead to complications such as infertility or testicular atrophy.
Epididymitis is defined as the inflammation of the epididymis, a curved tube-like structure located at the back of the testicle that stores and transports sperm. The inflammation can result from infection, trauma, or other causes, and may cause symptoms such as pain, swelling, and tenderness in the scrotum. In some cases, epididymitis may also be associated with urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, or other medical conditions. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to treat any underlying infection, as well as pain relief measures and supportive care to help reduce symptoms and promote healing.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid salivary glands, causing them to swell and become painful. The medical definition of mumps is: "An acute infectious disease, caused by the mumps virus, characterized by painful enlargement of one or more of the salivary glands, especially the parotids."
The infection spreads easily through respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person's saliva. Symptoms typically appear 16-18 days after exposure and include fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and swollen, tender salivary glands. Complications of mumps are rare but can be serious and include meningitis, encephalitis, deafness, and inflammation of the reproductive organs in males.
Prevention is through vaccination with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is part of routine childhood immunization schedules in many countries.
A vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. It involves cutting and sealing the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the prostate gland, to prevent the release of sperm during ejaculation. This procedure is typically performed in an outpatient setting, using local anesthesia, and takes about 20-30 minutes. It is considered a highly effective form of birth control with a low risk of complications. However, it does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), so additional protection such as condoms may still be necessary.
The testis, also known as the testicle, is a male reproductive organ that is part of the endocrine system. It is located in the scrotum, outside of the abdominal cavity. The main function of the testis is to produce sperm and testosterone, the primary male sex hormone.
The testis is composed of many tiny tubules called seminiferous tubules, where sperm are produced. These tubules are surrounded by a network of blood vessels, nerves, and supportive tissues. The sperm then travel through a series of ducts to the epididymis, where they mature and become capable of fertilization.
Testosterone is produced in the Leydig cells, which are located in the interstitial tissue between the seminiferous tubules. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It also supports sperm production and sexual function.
Abnormalities in testicular function can lead to infertility, hormonal imbalances, and other health problems. Regular self-examinations and medical check-ups are recommended for early detection and treatment of any potential issues.
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the immune system, which normally protects the body from foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attacks the body's own cells and tissues. This results in inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues in the body.
In autoimmune diseases, the body produces autoantibodies that target its own proteins or cell receptors, leading to their destruction or malfunction. The exact cause of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood, but it is believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contribute to their development.
There are over 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific autoimmune disease and the organs or tissues affected. Treatment typically involves managing symptoms and suppressing the immune system to prevent further damage.
Testicular diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the testicles, the male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. These diseases can affect either one or both testicles and may cause pain, swelling, or impact fertility. Here are some examples of testicular diseases:
1. Testicular cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the testicle. It is a relatively rare cancer but is highly treatable if detected early.
2. Testicular torsion: A surgical emergency that occurs when the spermatic cord, which supplies blood to the testicle, becomes twisted, cutting off the blood flow.
3. Epididymitis: An infection or inflammation of the epididymis, a coiled tube that stores and carries sperm from the testicle.
4. Orchitis: An infection or inflammation of the testicle itself. It can occur on its own or as a complication of mumps.
5. Hydrocele: A fluid-filled sac that forms around the testicle, causing swelling.
6. Varicocele: Enlarged veins in the scrotum that can cause pain and affect fertility.
7. Inguinal hernia: A condition where a portion of the intestine or fat protrudes through a weakened area in the abdominal wall, often appearing as a bulge in the groin or scrotum.
8. Testicular trauma: Injury to the testicle, which can result from accidents, sports injuries, or other causes.
9. Undescended testicles: A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum before birth.
It is essential for men to perform regular self-examinations to check for any unusual lumps, swelling, or pain in the testicles and seek medical attention if they notice any changes.
Spermatogenesis-blocking agents are a class of medications or substances that inhibit or block the process of spermatogenesis, which is the production of sperm in the testicles. These agents can work at various stages of spermatogenesis, including reducing the number of spermatozoa (sperm cells) or preventing the formation of mature sperm.
Examples of spermatogenesis-blocking agents include:
1. Hormonal agents: Certain hormones or hormone-like substances can interfere with the production of sperm. For example, analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and antiandrogens can suppress the release of testosterone and other hormones necessary for spermatogenesis.
2. Alkylating agents: These are chemotherapy drugs that can damage DNA and prevent the division and multiplication of cells, including sperm cells. Examples include cyclophosphamide and busulfan.
3. Other chemicals: Certain industrial chemicals, such as ethylene glycol ethers and dibromochloropropane (DBCP), have been shown to have spermatogenesis-blocking properties.
4. Radiation therapy: High doses of radiation can also damage the testicles and inhibit sperm production.
It's important to note that spermatogenesis-blocking agents are often used for medical purposes, such as treating cancer or preventing pregnancy, but they can have significant side effects and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Spermatic cord torsion is a urological emergency that refers to the twisting of the spermatic cord, which contains the vas deferens, blood vessels (testicular artery and pampiniform plexus), nerves, and lymphatics. This twisting results in the compromise of the blood supply to the testicle, leading to potential ischemia, necrosis, and loss of the testicle if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
The spermatic cord torsion mainly affects the pediatric population, particularly newborns and adolescents; however, it can also occur in adults, especially those with a history of an undescended testicle or previous episodes of torsion. The most common presenting symptom is sudden onset of severe scrotal pain, often associated with nausea, vomiting, and fever. A physical examination may reveal swelling, tenderness, and elevation of the affected testicle (known as a high-riding or "bell clapper" testicle). Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies such as ultrasound or Doppler ultrasonography, although in some cases, surgical exploration might be necessary for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
Treatment of spermatic cord torsion usually involves prompt surgical intervention to untwist the spermatic cord and secure the affected testicle to the scrotal wall (orchidopexy) to prevent recurrence. Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to severe complications, including loss of the testicle, infertility, and chronic pain.
Orchitis
Mumps
Oligospermia
Male infertility
Epididymitis
Spermatocele
Brucellosis
Immune privilege
Brucella
Spermatogenesis arrest
West Nile fever
List of ICD-9 codes 580-629: diseases of the genitourinary system
Microorchidism
George Frederick Duffey
Male genital disease
Mumps virus
Epididymis
Testicular cancer
Hydrocele
Delayed puberty
Testicular immunology
Testicular pain
Brucella melitensis
Testicular torsion
Bat mumps orthorubulavirus
Male genital examination
Testicle
List of dog diseases
Testicular sarcoidosis
Testicular atrophy
Orchitis - Wikipedia
Orchitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Orchitis: Causes, symptoms., treatment
Orchitis: Practice Essentials, Etiology
Epididymo-orchitis
Mumps Vaccine Effectiveness Against Orchitis - Volume 18, Number 1-January 2012 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Orchitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
Methane Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Orchitis by Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidative, and Antiapoptotic Effects...
Epididymitis and Epididymo-orchitis - Men's Health Issues - Merck Manuals Consumer Version
Orchitis | International Society of Andrology
Quiz: Epididymitis and Epididymo orchitis - MSD Manual Consumer Version
Mumps Vaccine Effectiveness Against Orchitis
Orchitis - Ailments
Orchitis Medication: Antibiotics
Complicated diverticular disease presenting as recurrent epididymo-orchitis: a case report
Orchitis Urdu Meaning with Definition
Epididymo-orchitis | NZ STI Guidelines
Testicular Torsion: Definition, Symptoms, and Treatment
How long does orchitis treatment last?
Understanding Orchitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Management
Orchitis - Genitourinary Disorders - MSD Manual Professional Edition
Epididymo-orchitis (Men)<...
What Leads To Orchitis & Can It Be Cured?
How Soon Does Orchitis Go Away? - U Blog
Testicular Masses | AAFP
A rare case of tuberculous epidydimo-orchitis mimicking hydrocele: A diagnostic dilemma | International Journal of Current...
Best 50 Orchitis Doctors in Amman - Book now | Tebcan
Elephantiasis Treatment in Homeopathy | Homeopathic Medicine for Elephantiasis | Hpathy
Mumps - Vaccine Preventable Diseases Surveillance Manual | CDC
Epididymis13
- Orchitis may also occur along with infections of the prostate or epididymis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Testicular examination reveals the following: testicular enlargement, induration of the testis, tenderness, erythematous scrotal skin, edematous scrotal skin, and enlarged epididymis associated with epididymo-orchitis. (medscape.com)
- The term epididymo-orchitis refers to inflammation of the epididymis and testicles. (logicalimages.com)
- The inflammation of the epididymis will typically progress to involve the testicles (epididymo-orchitis). (logicalimages.com)
- Orchitis (plural: orchitides) is an infection of the testis , which is rarely isolated, and when in conjunction with the epididymis is called epididymo-orchitis . (radiopaedia.org)
- Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis (the coiled tube on top of the testis that provides the space and environment for sperm to mature), and epididymo-orchitis is inflammation of the epididymis and testes. (merckmanuals.com)
- Orchitis doesn't often occur alone it's usually accompanied by inflammation of the epididymis (epididymo-orchitis). (andrology.org)
- Orchitis on its own, without inflammation of the epididymis, is most often caused by viral infection that reaches the testes through the bloodstream. (andrology.org)
- Frequently, bacterial orchitis is associated or caused by epididymitis - an inflammation or infection of the epididymis which is a tube that connects a testicle to a sperm duct. (alike.health)
- Epididymitis Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, occasionally accompanied by inflammation of the testis (epididymo-orchitis). (msdmanuals.com)
- Bacterial causes of orchitis such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli are also responsible for the involvement of epididymis in the inflammation collectively known as epididymo-orchitis. (epainassist.com)
- Few of the bacterial causes are also known for causing orchitis like Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Escherichia coli, chlamydia but they usually are associated with inflammation of epididymis also known as epididymitis . (epainassist.com)
- The infection spreads through the lymphatic or vas deferens to the epididymis, causing epididymal orchitis. (diureticspill.com)
Treat orchitis5
- There's not much you can do to treat orchitis in many cases, but your doctor can help you find a treatable cause if there is one. (andrology.org)
- Regarding the query of how long to treat orchitis, the majority of cases get better in 3 to 10 days, but testicular pain may take several weeks to go away entirely. (yourdoctortips.com)
- Is Orchitis An Emergency & What Antibiotics Treat Orchitis? (epainassist.com)
- How to Treat Orchitis from the Holistic Treatment View with Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill? (drleetcmclinic.com)
- Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can not only treat orchitis targeted but also help patients to regulate the whole body and improve immunity, so as to achieve the effect of removing diseases. (drleetcmclinic.com)
Antibiotics7
- Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis are usually treated with antibiotics taken by mouth, pain relievers, and ice packs applied to the scrotum. (merckmanuals.com)
- Patients with bacterial orchitis are given antibiotics, in order to eliminate bacteria and prevent complications from the disease. (yourdoctortips.com)
- Antibiotics are treatment suited for bacterial orchitis. (alike.health)
- Before culture results are available, and if it is suspected that you have epididymo-orchitis, you may be given a course of antibiotics prior to confirmation. (willyworries.com)
- If the cause for orchitis is bacterial then antibiotics are preferred because they can kill bacteria efficiently and relieve the symptoms in a shorter period. (epainassist.com)
- However, because antibiotics can only be effective for bacterial orchitis, they can not play a very good therapeutic effect on orchitis caused by other reasons, and long-term use of antibiotics can also cause side effects such as drug resistance. (drleetcmclinic.com)
- For chronic orchitis, the application of antibiotics is not enough, therefore, patients could choose natural herbal medicine which does not produce side effects or drug resistance. (diureticspill.com)
Testis10
- Orchitis is an acute inflammatory reaction of the testis secondary to infection. (medscape.com)
- In one study of 7 patients who were followed after mumps orchitis (4 unilateral, 3 bilateral), in the unilateral orchitis group, 1 patient had an atrophic testis, 3 had severe oligozoospermia, and 1 had mild oligozoospermia. (medscape.com)
- Orchitis is inflammation of the testis (testicle) or testes (testicles). (andrology.org)
- Orchitis can affect the function of the affected testis, so changes in your testosterone levels or sperm production can occur for a while. (andrology.org)
- If your orchitis is caused by mumps, your affected testis (or testes) can become smaller because of damage from the infection and inflammation. (andrology.org)
- extending to the testis (epididymo-orchitis). (msdmanuals.com)
- Sixty percent of patients with mumps orchitis develop testicular atrophy in at least one testis. (msdmanuals.com)
- Orchitis is composed of two words, ' orchi ' means testis and ' itis ' means inflammation. (epainassist.com)
- About 40% of the adolescents who have got orchitis from the mumps undergo complete cure without any residue damage to the testis whereas in 50 - 55 % of cases they may undergo slight testicular atrophy which may not lead to any long term side effects. (epainassist.com)
- Orchitis stands for inflammation of testis. (epainassist.com)
Testicles7
- Orchitis can be related to epididymitis infection that has spread to the testicles (then called "epididymo-orchitis"), sometimes caused by the sexually transmitted diseases chlamydia and gonorrhea. (wikipedia.org)
- Orchitis is swelling (inflammation) of one or both of the testicles . (medlineplus.gov)
- Some boys who get orchitis caused by mumps will have shrinking of the testicles (testicular atrophy). (medlineplus.gov)
- A bacterial or viral infection can cause one or both testicles to become inflamed, which is known as orchitis. (yourdoctortips.com)
- Orchitis symptoms may include: swelling in one or both testicles, pain, redness in the area, fever, nausea and vomiting, or testicular lumps. (alike.health)
- 8] About half of patients with mumps orchitis develop testicular atrophy of the affected testicles. (cdc.gov)
- Orchitis (inflammation of the testicles) has been reported occasionally in the late phase (15 days). (who.int)
Complications7
- Though most people recover with no issues, some do develop complications relating to orchitis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In the Czech Republic, 2-dose vaccinations against mumps showed a significant preventive effect agains the mumps complications of orchitis, meningitis, and encephalitis. (medscape.com)
- Older age at infection is associated with a higher risk of certain complications, particularly orchitis ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- Complications may include orchitis, meningoencephalitis. (msdmanuals.com)
- 11-14] Among vaccinated patients, complications of mumps are uncommon but occur more frequently among adults than children, mainly due to higher rates of orchitis among post-pubertal males. (cdc.gov)
- 27] No studies have assessed peak infectiousness in mumps patients who do not have parotitis (e.g., patients who only have nonspecific respiratory symptoms or only have complications like orchitis). (cdc.gov)
- Complications, including encephalitis and orchitis, were reported in 5% of patients. (medscape.com)
Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill2
- In fact, for the treatment of orchitis, Chinese herbal medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill is a better choice. (drleetcmclinic.com)
- Based on the theory of TCM and more than 30 years of experience in medical practice, Dr. Lee Xiaoping, a TCM doctor from Wuhan, invented the patent Chinese herbal medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill, which can effectively treat various types of chronic orchitis. (drleetcmclinic.com)
Unilateral8
- Sterility is rare in cases of unilateral orchitis. (medscape.com)
- Unilateral testicular atrophy occurs in 60% of patients with orchitis. (medscape.com)
- [ 12 ] Sterility is rarely a consequence of unilateral orchitis. (medscape.com)
- Most cases of isolated orchitis occur in postpubertal males and are unilateral. (logicalimages.com)
- Fertility is diminished in one fourth of men after unilateral mumps orchitis and in two thirds of men who have had bilateral disease. (msdmanuals.com)
- Unilateral mumps orchitis develops acutely between 4 and 7 days after parotid swelling in mumps. (msdmanuals.com)
- Chronic testicular lesions, including orchitis and testicular torsion, can cause unilateral or bilateral testicular atrophy. (aafp.org)
- 1,2 Orchitis, most commonly unilateral, occurs in 20%-30% of post pubertal male cases. (who.int)
Viral11
- Orchitis typically occurs following certain viral infections. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Viral orchitis is most often caused by mumps infection but can also be caused by a nonspecific inflammatory process in the testes. (medscape.com)
- Isolated orchitis can be caused by a variety of viral pathogens, including mumps (which is associated with orchitis with or without parotitis). (logicalimages.com)
- Testicular atrophy may occur following an episode of viral orchitis. (logicalimages.com)
- Less commonly, orchitis may occur in children and adolescents after viral or bacterial infection. (logicalimages.com)
- No medications are indicated for the treatment of viral orchitis. (medscape.com)
- Taking the mumps vaccine will reduce viral orchitis cases. (yourdoctortips.com)
- Viral orchitis can be caused by mumps virus. (alike.health)
- In case of viral orchitis, the treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms. (alike.health)
- According to a study, mumps is a common viral infection caused under 15 years of age usually and out of which 20% of the boys suffer from orchitis. (epainassist.com)
- Orchitis is either viral or bacterial in causation and it is possible to cure it. (epainassist.com)
Infection11
- Blood - ESR high Urine - Cultural & Sensitivity test Ultrasound scanning In most cases where orchitis is caused by epididymitis, treatment is an oral antibiotic such as cefalexin or ciprofloxacin until infection clears up. (wikipedia.org)
- Orchitis may be caused by an infection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Orchitis may be caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia . (medlineplus.gov)
- When mumps is the cause, orchitis typically develops 4 to 6 days after infection. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- If epididymo-orchitis is related to a sexually transmitted infection, the most common pathogens are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae . (logicalimages.com)
- Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis are usually caused by a bacterial infection. (merckmanuals.com)
- Your doctor might analyse your urine or order a blood test to work out what type of infection might be causing your orchitis. (andrology.org)
- The major route for the spread of infection to the testicle is blood- borne dissemination for isolated orchitis which is very rare. (buybakson.com)
- Bacterial infections of the prostate and urinary tract infection can cause orchitis. (buybakson.com)
- Orchitis is infection of the testes, typically with mumps virus. (msdmanuals.com)
- Brucella orchitis is a complication of brucella infection that may mimic a testicular tumor. (springeropen.com)
Symptoms of orchitis2
- Symptoms of orchitis are similar to those of testicular torsion. (wikipedia.org)
- The symptoms of orchitis usually present several days after parotitis. (medscape.com)
Prevent orchitis2
- A person can take a couple of steps to help prevent orchitis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, in fact, ensure high-quality sleep is very important to prevent orchitis. (drleetcmclinic.com)
Develop orchitis2
- Approximately 20% of prepubertal patients (younger than 10 years) with mumps develop orchitis. (medscape.com)
- Two or three out of every 10 men who get mumps develop orchitis. (andrology.org)
Epididymo27
- often associated with epididymo-orchitis. (medscape.com)
- Symptoms of epididymo-orchitis usually develop over 1-2 days, although some patients will complain of a more gradual onset of symptoms. (logicalimages.com)
- If the epididymo-orchitis is caused by an enteric bacterial pathogen (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), a urine culture should be obtained and used to guide antimicrobial therapy. (logicalimages.com)
- 1. Başekim C, Kizilkaya E, Pekkafali Z, Baykal K, Karsli A. Mumps Epididymo-Orchitis: Sonography and Color Doppler Sonographic Findings. (radiopaedia.org)
- 6. Baykan A, Sayiner H, Inan I. Brucella and Non-Brucella Epididymo-Orchitis: Comparison of Ultrasound Findings. (radiopaedia.org)
- Epididymitis and epididymo-orchitis are diagnosed by physical examination, urinalysis, and sometimes Doppler ultrasonography. (merckmanuals.com)
- Epididymo-orchitis is a common cause of pain and swelling in the scrotum. (andrology.org)
- Epididymo-orchitis is usually caused by bacterial infections. (andrology.org)
- Your doctor can diagnose orchitis and epididymo-orchitis by examining you. (andrology.org)
- If your orchitis (or epididymo-orchitis) is caused by an STI (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhoea), you should be tested for other possible STIs. (andrology.org)
- Bacterial orchitis or epididymo-orchitis requires appropriate antibiotic coverage for suspected infectious agents. (medscape.com)
- Garthwaite MA, Johnson G, Lloyd S, Eardley I. The implementation of European Association of Urology guidelines in the management of acute epididymo-orchitis. (medscape.com)
- There are several causes of Epididymo-Orchitis . (willyworries.com)
- In men under 35 years of age, epididymo-orchitis is most often caused by sexually transmitted pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. (willyworries.com)
- In men over 35 years of age, epididymo-orchitis is most often caused by non-sexually transmitted Gram negative enteric organisms causing urinary tract infections. (willyworries.com)
- Epididymo-orchitis caused by sexually transmitted enteric organisms also occurs in homosexual men who engage in insertive anal intercourse. (willyworries.com)
- All patients with sexually transmitted epididymo-orchitis should be screened for other sexually transmitted infections. (willyworries.com)
- If it can be arranged without delay, colour Doppler ultrasound is useful to help differentiate between Epididymo-Orchitis and torsion of the spermatic cord. (willyworries.com)
- A rare occurrence, isolated tubercular epididymo-orchitis poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. (journalcra.com)
- Histopathological study thereafter revealed features of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis. (journalcra.com)
- Hence, it is imperative to consider a differential diagnosis of tuberculous epididymo-orchitis in a case of scrotal swelling in a country like India where tuberculosis is known to be endemic. (journalcra.com)
- March 27, 2009 (Stockholm, Sweden) - The management by urologists of young men presenting with acute epididymo- orchitis leaves much to be desired, according to a study that looked at the way the men were treated and their outcomes in 4 British teaching hospitals. (medscape.com)
- In sexually active young men, acute epididymo-orchitis is most often caused by the sexually transmitted pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae . (medscape.com)
- There are a couple of tests that can be conducted to deduce the cause of epididymo-orchitis episode. (medthical.com)
- Sexual partners of patients who have sexually infected epididymo-orchitis within the prior 2 months should be examined by a doctor and tested for sexually transmitted diseases. (medthical.com)
- Brucella epididymo-orchitis is a complication that occurs in 5.7% of patients with brucellosis and can rarely mimic a testicular tumor. (springeropen.com)
- Patients with associated pathologies: epididymo-orchitis, radiation or chemotherapy. (who.int)
Chlamydia1
- Chlamydia group of organisms more commonly causes orchitis in sexually active males of younger age group. (epainassist.com)
Parotitis3
- Mumps orchitis may be present as a bilateral parotid enlargement present 4 to 8 days after the onset of parotitis. (buybakson.com)
- Orchitis is the second most common complication of mumps virus after the parotitis or inflammation of the parotid salivary gland. (epainassist.com)
- This is because parotitis can induce orchitis easily. (diureticspill.com)
Testicle5
- Getting the right diagnosis and treatment for orchitis caused by bacteria can most often allow the testicle to recover normally. (medlineplus.gov)
- Orchitis is defined as the inflammation of the testicle unilaterally or bilaterally usually caused by viruses and bacteria. (buybakson.com)
- Bacterial orchitis may be accompanied by epididymitis, which is a coiled tube in the back of the testicle where sperm is stored. (yourdoctortips.com)
- Non-infectious orchitis can be caused by surgical trauma, vasectomy, cryptorchidism and other inflammatory reactions of the testicle itself. (diureticspill.com)
- A testicle ( orchitis ). (healthwise.net)
Diagnosis2
- Diagnosis of orchitis most likely starts with asking about your symptoms, medical history, sexual contacts, and known diseases. (alike.health)
- History and physical examination usually indicate the diagnosis of orchitis. (msdmanuals.com)
Chronic5
- Orchitis can also be acute or chronic. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The clinical manifestations of orchitis can be divided into chronic non-specific orchitis, acute non-specific orchitis and acute mumps orchitis. (diureticspill.com)
- Chronic orchitis is often caused by incomplete treatment of non-specific acute orchitis, and can also be caused by fungal, treponema, parasitic infections, such as testicular syphilis. (diureticspill.com)
- This is a chronic disease which is usually caused by incomplete cured acute nonspecific orchitis. (diureticspill.com)
- Therefore, it can achieve a remarkable effect in the treatment of various types of chronic orchitis. (drleetcmclinic.com)
Complication2
- With appropriate antibiotic coverage, most cases of bacterial orchitis resolve without complication. (medscape.com)
- Orchitis was by far the most frequently reported complication (66 case-patients, 11.8% of men). (cdc.gov)
Cases of orchitis1
- Mumps outbreaks have resulted in substantial increases in cases of orchitis. (medscape.com)
Epididymitis and orchitis4
- McGowan CC. Prostatitis, epididymitis, and orchitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D. Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview. (medscape.com)
- The direct medical cost of epididymitis and orchitis: evidence from a study of insurance claims. (medscape.com)
- Epididymitis and orchitis are two common infectious diseases of the reproductive system. (selfgrowth.com)
Testes2
- Orchitis is inflammation of the testes. (wikipedia.org)
- In the bilateral orchitis group, none had atrophic testes, and findings of semen analysis revealed azoospermia in 1 and severe oligozoospermia in 2 patients. (medscape.com)
Testicular torsion1
- Family physicians must keep in mind the emergency or "must not miss" diagnoses associated with testicular masses, including testicular torsion, epididymitis, acute orchitis, strangulated hernia and testicular cancer. (aafp.org)
Occurs3
- Orchitis often occurs alongside mumps in younger people, but it may occur due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in sexually active adults and teens. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Orchitis most commonly occurs with epididymitis . (medscape.com)
- Acute nonspecific orchitis mainly occurs in patients with urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia after resection and with a long-term indent catheter. (diureticspill.com)
Urethra2
- While not helpful for diagnosing orchitis, a doctor may order testing with a urethra swab or urine check. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In the case of non-sexually transmitted orchitis, the patient is advised to maintain general hygiene and treat any pathologies present in the urethra. (yourdoctortips.com)
Epididymal orchitis2
- the other is epididymal orchitis that requires purely non-surgical therapy. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Rarely there may be an abnormal upper urinary tract anomaly and presents as epididymal orchitis. (pediatriconcall.com)
Prostatitis2
- Pontari M. Inflammatory and pain conditions of the male genitourinary tract: prostatitis and related pain conditions, orchitis, and epididymitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- When a man has diseases such as uethritis, prostatitis, cystitis, etc, he may have acute orchitis caused by bacterial infections of these diseases. (diureticspill.com)
Patients with mumps1
- Orchitis develops in 14% to 35% postpubertal patients with mumps. (buybakson.com)
Infertility4
- Orchitis may also cause infertility . (medlineplus.gov)
- Therefore, the investigation of effective treatment for orchitis plays a vital role in the therapy of male infertility. (hindawi.com)
- 15,16] While there is a theoretical risk for temporary sterility or subfertility from oligospermia, azoospermia, or asthenospermia among men with mumps orchitis,[15] no studies have assessed risk for permanent infertility. (cdc.gov)
- However, can orchitis be sure to affect infertility? (diureticspill.com)
Developing a testicular tumor1
- Despite some anecdotal reports, little evidence supports an increased likelihood of developing a testicular tumor after an episode of orchitis. (medscape.com)
Mumps virus2
- Also, mumps virus is responsible for accounting for most of the cases of isolated orchitis. (buybakson.com)
- Out of the viruses, mumps virus is the most common cause of orchitis in the world. (epainassist.com)
Antibiotic1
- Symptoms of isolated orchitis usually resolve spontaneously in approximately 3-10 days, whereas epididymitis will usually resolve in a similar time frame after initiation of antibiotic treatment. (medscape.com)
Develops1
- Orchitis most often develops 4 to 6 days after the mumps begins. (medlineplus.gov)
Bacteria and viruses1
- According to modern medicine, orchitis is usually caused by bacteria and viruses. (drleetcmclinic.com)
Treatment13
- Mumps orchitis has no effective treatment, and the outcome can vary. (medlineplus.gov)
- Treatment and management for orchitis can vary depending on the exact cause. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Most people who experience orchitis receive outpatient treatment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Therefore, methane exerts therapeutic effects on acute orchitis and might be a new and convenient strategy for the treatment of inflammation-related testicular diseases. (hindawi.com)
- Hence, treatment strategies for orchitis should focus on the balance of inflammatory cytokines, removal of oxidative and apoptotic injury, and regulation of the PK2/PKR1 pathway. (hindawi.com)
- The usual treatment for orchitis is pain relief and rest. (andrology.org)
- How long does orchitis treatment last? (yourdoctortips.com)
- How long is the treatment for orchitis? (yourdoctortips.com)
- Orchitis treatment is influenced by a number of variables. (yourdoctortips.com)
- In the case of sexually transmitted orchitis and epididymitis, the patient should avoid sexual intercourse until the completion of treatment of orchitis. (yourdoctortips.com)
- Treatment depends on the cause of orchitis. (alike.health)
- Patients with localized orchitis may take azithromycin for treatment at ordinary times, the drug has a very good effect on anti-inflammation and the patients must pay attention to rest, not too frequent sex, and the scrotum can be pulled up when pain is present to get certain relief. (diureticspill.com)
- Therefore, in the treatment of orchitis, TCM mainly follows the principles of clearing heat and promoting dampness, promoting Qi and blood circulation. (drleetcmclinic.com)
Sexually transmitted3
- The rate of sexually transmitted orchitis or epididymitis is higher in men ages 19 to 35. (medlineplus.gov)
- Bacteria that can cause sexually transmitted infections can also cause orchitis in sexually active males. (buybakson.com)
- Sexually transmitted orchitis and epididymitis can be prevented by using a condom during sexual intercourse. (yourdoctortips.com)
Males1
- Pubertal and postpubertal males who have not received mumps vaccination are more susceptible to the virus and have a high risk of mumps orchitis. (medscape.com)
Brucellosis1
- orchitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Brucellosis in Humans and Animals World Health Organization Publication number WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.7 [1][page needed] Simons MP, Aufenacker T, Bay-Nielsen M, et al. (wikipedia.org)
Meningitis1
- reported that among cases of mumps, previous mumps measles rubella (MMR) vaccination offered considerable protection against orchitis, meningitis, and hospitalization ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)