A cartilage-capped benign tumor that often appears as a stalk on the surface of bone. It is probably a developmental malformation rather than a true neoplasm and is usually found in the metaphysis of the distal femur, proximal tibia, or proximal humerus. Osteochondroma is the most common of benign bone tumors.
Hereditary disorder transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene and characterized by multiple exostoses (multiple osteochondromas) near the ends of long bones. The genetic abnormality results in a defect in the osteoclastic activity at the metaphyseal ends of the bone during the remodeling process in childhood or early adolescence. The metaphyses develop benign, bony outgrowths often capped by cartilage. A small number undergo neoplastic transformation.
A benign neoplasm derived from mesodermal cells that form cartilage. It may remain within the substance of a cartilage or bone (true chondroma or enchondroma) or may develop on the surface of a cartilage (ecchondroma or ecchondrosis). (Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)
Benign hypertrophy that projects outward from the surface of bone, often containing a cartilaginous component.
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.
Also called the shoulder blade, it is a flat triangular bone, a pair of which form the back part of the shoulder girdle.
Tumors or cancer of the MANDIBLE.
Spinal neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop within the spinal column, which can be benign or malignant, and originate from cells within the spinal structure or spread to the spine from other parts of the body (metastatic).
A condition marked by the presence of multiple osteochondromas. (Dorland, 27th ed)
In anatomy, 'axis' is a term used to describe a real or imaginary line around which something rotates or along which it aligns, such as the second cervical vertebra, also known as the axis bone, which provides the pivot point for the rotation of the head.
A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.
The first cervical vertebra.
Acute and chronic conditions characterized by external mechanical compression of the SPINAL CORD due to extramedullary neoplasm; EPIDURAL ABSCESS; SPINAL FRACTURES; bony deformities of the vertebral bodies; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations vary with the anatomic site of the lesion and may include localized pain, weakness, sensory loss, incontinence, and impotence.
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from a nucleoside diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.
Neoplasms composed of fatty tissue or connective tissue made up of fat cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in adipose tissue.
The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck.
A surgical procedure that entails removing all (laminectomy) or part (laminotomy) of selected vertebral lamina to relieve pressure on the SPINAL CORD and/or SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Vertebral lamina is the thin flattened posterior wall of vertebral arch that forms the vertebral foramen through which pass the spinal cord and nerve roots.

Osteochondroma of the first rib presenting as a prominent clavicle. A report of 2 cases. (1/94)

We describe and discuss two patients with osteochondromas of the first rib which presented as prominence of the medial end of the clavicle.  (+info)

Para-articular chondroma and osteochondroma of the infrapatellar fat pad: a report of three cases. (2/94)

We report three cases of para-articular chondroma and osteochondroma in the region of infrapatellar fat pad. All three lesions were resected and examined histologically. Two of them were primarily cartilaginous with a lobular pattern internally, and one uniformly osseous with peripheral cartilage. We conclude that these lesions are not the same. The former should be designated para-articular chondroma after Jaffe and the latter, osteochondroma.  (+info)

An extra-articular cause of locking knee. (3/94)

We report an uncommon case of locking of the knee in a 23-year-old girl. It was due to an osteochondroma at the medial aspect of the proximal tibia.  (+info)

EXT-mutation analysis and loss of heterozygosity in sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas and secondary chondrosarcomas. (4/94)

Osteochondromas occur as sporadic solitary lesions or as multiple lesions, characterizing the hereditary multiple exostoses syndrome (EXT). Approximately 15% of all chondrosarcomas arise within the cartilaginous cap of an osteochondroma. EXT is genetically heterogeneous, and two genes, EXT1 and EXT2, located on 8q24 and 11p11-p12, respectively, have been cloned. It is still unclear whether osteochondroma is a developmental disorder or a true neoplasm. Furthermore, it is unclear whether inactivation of both alleles of an EXT gene, according to the tumor-suppressor model, is required for osteochondroma development, or whether a single EXT germline mutation acts in a dominant negative way. We therefore studied loss of heterozygosity and DNA ploidy in eight sporadic and six hereditary osteochondromas. EXT1- and EXT2-mutation analysis was performed in a total of 34 sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas and secondary peripheral chondrosarcomas. We demonstrated osteochondroma to be a true neoplasm, since aneuploidy was found in 4 of 10 osteochondromas. Furthermore, LOH was almost exclusively found at the EXT1 locus in 5 of 14 osteochondromas. Four novel constitutional cDNA alterations were detected in exon 1 of EXT1. Two patients with multiple osteochondromas demonstrated a germline mutation combined with loss of the remaining wild-type allele in three osteochondromas, indicating that, in cartilaginous cells of the growth plate, inactivation of both copies of the EXT1 gene is required for osteochondroma formation in hereditary cases. In contrast, no somatic EXT1 cDNA alterations were found in sporadic osteochondromas. No mutations were found in the EXT2 gene.  (+info)

Osteochondroma with compression of the spinal cord. A report of two cases. (5/94)

We report two cases of vertebral osteochondroma. In one patient a solitary cervical lesion presented as entrapment neuropathy of the ulnar nerve and in the other as a thoracic tumour associated with hereditary multiple exostoses producing paraplegia. We highlight the importance of an adequate preoperative evaluation in such patients.  (+info)

Large bursa formation associated with osteochondroma of the scapula: a case report and review of the literature. (6/94)

Bursitis or large bursa formation associated with osteochondroma has rarely been reported. A 33-year-old male presented with upper back pain, a rapidly developing mass beside the lateral border of his right scapula and snapping elicited by movement of the scapula. Plain radiograms and CT revealed osteochondroma on the ventral surface of the scapula without any unmineralized component and a huge cystic lesion around the osteochondroma. Aspiration of the cystic lesion showed the presence of sero-sanguineous fluid. MRI following the aspiration showed a thin cartilaginous cap with distinct outer margin and no soft tissue mass around the cap. Pathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis of osteochondroma with the large bursa formation. Clinical examination 19 months postoperatively showed an uneventful clinical course.  (+info)

Solitary synovial osteochondroma of the knee. (7/94)

A very rare case of solitary osteochondroma of the knee is reported. The patient presented with a slowly growing retropatellar bony tumour of 4 years duration following a minor trauma. An excisional biopsy with a total patellectomy was performed as the patellar articular surface was unsalvageable. A 20 month follow up revealed no recurrence and a functional knee. A brief review of literature is also presented.  (+info)

Vascular complications of osteochondromas. (8/94)

PURPOSE: Osteochondromas are the most common benign tumor of the bone. They are sometimes responsible for vascular complications involving either veins or arteries, principally around the knee. METHODS: We report six cases of such complications. An extensive review of literature through a computerized research was performed. RESULTS: We found 97 cases that were previously reported in the English literature giving sufficient details and providing data on 103 cases for analysis. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of vascular complications of osteochondromas is recommended as an urgent procedure to avoid irreversible damages, such as arterial occlusion, embolism, or phlebitis. Prophylactic resection of osteochondromas in the vicinity of a vessel must be performed.  (+info)

Osteochondroma is a benign (noncancerous) bone tumor that typically develops during childhood or adolescent growth years. It usually forms near the end of long bones, such as those in the arms and legs, but can also occur in other bones. An osteochondroma may have a cartilage cap covering its surface.

This type of tumor often grows slowly and typically stops growing once the person has stopped growing. In many cases, an osteochondroma doesn't cause any symptoms and doesn't require treatment. However, if it continues to grow or causes problems such as pain, restricted movement, or bone deformity, surgical removal may be necessary.

Most osteochondromas are solitary (occurring singly), but some people can develop multiple tumors, a condition known as multiple hereditary exostoses or diaphyseal aclasis. This genetic disorder is associated with a higher risk of developing sarcoma, a type of cancerous tumor that can arise from osteochondromas.

It's essential to have regular follow-ups with your healthcare provider if you have an osteochondroma to monitor its growth and any potential complications.

Multiple hereditary exostoses (MHE) is a genetic condition characterized by the growth of multiple benign tumors known as osteochondromas. These tumors typically develop at the ends of long bones near the growth plates and can cause various skeletal deformities, limitations in mobility, and other health issues.

MHE is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning that a child has a 50% chance of inheriting the condition if one parent has it. However, some cases may result from spontaneous mutations. The condition typically becomes apparent during childhood or adolescence and can affect both sexes equally.

The primary diagnostic feature of MHE is the presence of multiple osteochondromas, which are made up of bone and cartilage. These growths can cause a range of symptoms, including pain, swelling, decreased mobility, and an increased risk of fractures. In some cases, they may also lead to complications such as nerve compression or vascular damage.

Treatment for MHE typically involves surgical removal of the osteochondromas, particularly if they are causing significant symptoms or complications. Regular monitoring is also important to detect any new growths and assess their potential impact on health. In addition, physical therapy and other supportive measures may be recommended to help manage symptoms and maintain mobility.

A chondroma is a benign, slow-growing tumor that develops in the cartilage. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, including the joints, ribcage, and nose. Chondromas are most commonly found in the hands and feet.

Chondromas are typically small, measuring less than 2 centimeters in diameter, and they usually do not cause any symptoms. However, if a chondroma grows large enough to press on nearby nerves or blood vessels, it may cause pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area.

Chondromas are usually diagnosed through imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. If a chondroma is suspected based on these tests, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other types of tumors.

Treatment for chondromas typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. In most cases, this can be done using minimally invasive techniques that allow for quicker recovery times. After surgery, patients will need to follow up with their healthcare provider to ensure that the tumor has been completely removed and to monitor for any signs of recurrence.

Exostoses are benign (noncancerous) bone growths that develop on the surface of a bone, usually in response to repeated stress or friction. They are often small and smooth, but can become larger and more irregular over time. In some cases, they may cause pain or discomfort, especially if they continue to grow and put pressure on nearby nerves, muscles, or other bones.

Exostoses can occur in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in the long bones of the arms and legs, as well as in the small bones of the feet. They may also develop in response to chronic irritation or injury, such as from jogging or playing sports that involve a lot of running or jumping.

In some cases, exostoses may be surgically removed if they cause persistent pain or other symptoms. However, in many cases, they do not require treatment and can be left alone. If you are concerned about any bone growths or other unusual symptoms, it is always best to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

Bone neoplasms are abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the bone. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign bone neoplasms do not spread to other parts of the body and are rarely a threat to life, although they may cause problems if they grow large enough to press on surrounding tissues or cause fractures. Malignant bone neoplasms, on the other hand, can invade and destroy nearby tissue and may spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body.

There are many different types of bone neoplasms, including:

1. Osteochondroma - a benign tumor that develops from cartilage and bone
2. Enchondroma - a benign tumor that forms in the cartilage that lines the inside of the bones
3. Chondrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from cartilage
4. Osteosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from bone cells
5. Ewing sarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops in the bones or soft tissues around the bones
6. Giant cell tumor of bone - a benign or occasionally malignant tumor that develops from bone tissue
7. Fibrosarcoma - a malignant tumor that develops from fibrous tissue in the bone

The symptoms of bone neoplasms vary depending on the type, size, and location of the tumor. They may include pain, swelling, stiffness, fractures, or limited mobility. Treatment options depend on the type and stage of the tumor but may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments.

The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone located in the upper back region of the human body. It serves as the site of attachment for various muscles that are involved in movements of the shoulder joint and arm. The scapula has several important features:

1. Three borders (anterior, lateral, and medial)
2. Three angles (superior, inferior, and lateral)
3. Spine of the scapula - a long, horizontal ridge that divides the scapula into two parts: supraspinous fossa (above the spine) and infraspinous fossa (below the spine)
4. Glenoid cavity - a shallow, concave surface on the lateral border that articulates with the humerus to form the shoulder joint
5. Acromion process - a bony projection at the top of the scapula that forms part of the shoulder joint and serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments
6. Coracoid process - a hook-like bony projection extending from the anterior border, which provides attachment for muscles and ligaments

Understanding the anatomy and function of the scapula is essential in diagnosing and treating various shoulder and upper back conditions.

Mandibular neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors that develop in the mandible, which is the lower jawbone. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms are typically slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body, while malignant neoplasms can invade surrounding tissues and may metastasize (spread) to distant sites.

Mandibular neoplasms can have various causes, including genetic mutations, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, and infection with certain viruses. The symptoms of mandibular neoplasms may include swelling or pain in the jaw, difficulty chewing or speaking, numbness in the lower lip or chin, loose teeth, and/or a lump or mass in the mouth or neck.

The diagnosis of mandibular neoplasms typically involves a thorough clinical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans, and sometimes a biopsy to confirm the type and extent of the tumor. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and location of the neoplasm, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for recurrence or metastasis.

Spinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors found within the spinal column, which can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). These tumors can originate in the spine itself, called primary spinal neoplasms, or they can spread to the spine from other parts of the body, known as secondary or metastatic spinal neoplasms. Spinal neoplasms can cause various symptoms, such as back pain, neurological deficits, and even paralysis, depending on their location and size. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent or minimize long-term complications and improve the patient's prognosis.

Osteochondromatosis is a benign (non-cancerous) condition where bone and cartilage grow outside the ends of bones, forming growths known as osteochondromas. These growths typically occur in areas where bones are growing actively, such as near the joints.

Osteochondromatosis can be hereditary or may develop sporadically. The hereditary form is called hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or multiple osteochondromas, and it affects several bones in the body. In contrast, the sporadic form typically affects only one bone or a small number of bones.

Osteochondromatosis can cause various symptoms depending on the location and size of the growths. Some people with this condition may not experience any symptoms at all. However, if the osteochondromas grow near joints, they can cause pain, stiffness, or limited mobility. In some cases, the growths may also compress nerves or blood vessels, leading to additional complications such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in the affected limbs.

It is important to note that while osteochondromatosis itself is not cancerous, there is a small risk that the osteochondromas may undergo malignant transformation and develop into chondrosarcoma, a type of bone cancer. Regular follow-up with an orthopedic specialist is recommended to monitor any changes in the growths over time.

In medical terms, "axis" is used to describe a line or lines along which a structure or body part can move or around which it is oriented. It is often used in anatomical context to refer to specific axes of movement or alignment for various parts of the body. For example:

* The axial skeleton, also known as the upright skeleton, includes the skull, vertebral column, and chest cage.
* In neurology, the term "axis" is used to describe the second cervical vertebra (C2), which is also called the axis because it serves as a pivot point for head movement.
* The term "longitudinal axis" is used to describe an imaginary line that runs from the head to the foot, passing through the center of the body.
* In imaging studies such as X-rays or MRIs, the term "axis" may be used to describe a specific orientation or alignment for the image.

Overall, the term "axis" is used in medicine to describe lines or planes that serve as reference points for movement, alignment, or orientation of various body structures and parts.

In medical terms, ribs are the long, curved bones that make up the ribcage in the human body. They articulate with the thoracic vertebrae posteriorly and connect to the sternum anteriorly via costal cartilages. There are 12 pairs of ribs in total, and they play a crucial role in protecting the lungs and heart, allowing room for expansion and contraction during breathing. Ribs also provide attachment points for various muscles involved in respiration and posture.

The Cervical Atlas, also known as C1 or the atlas vertebra, is the uppermost and most superior of the seven cervical vertebrae in the human spine. It plays a crucial role in supporting and facilitating the movement of the head, as it articulates with both the occipital bone (forming the joint called the atlanto-occipital joint) and the axis (or C2) vertebra (forming the atlantoaxial joint). The unique structure of the cervical atlas lacks a body, instead having an anterior and posterior arch with two lateral masses that form the facet joints for articulation with the axis. This arrangement allows for a wide range of motion in the neck, including flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation.

Spinal cord compression is a medical condition that refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which puts pressure on the spinal cord and the nerves that branch out from it. This can occur due to various reasons such as degenerative changes in the spine, herniated discs, bone spurs, tumors, or fractures. The compression can lead to a range of symptoms including pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, or loss of bladder and bowel control. In severe cases, it can cause paralysis. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and may include physical therapy, medication, surgery, or radiation therapy.

Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cartilaginous tissue, which is the flexible and smooth connective tissue found in various parts of the body such as the bones, ribs, and nose. It is characterized by the production of malignant cartilage cells that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body (metastasis).

Chondrosarcomas are typically slow-growing tumors but can be aggressive in some cases. They usually occur in adults over the age of 40, and men are more commonly affected than women. The most common sites for chondrosarcoma development include the bones of the pelvis, legs, and arms.

Treatment for chondrosarcoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, along with radiation therapy or chemotherapy in some cases. The prognosis for chondrosarcoma depends on several factors, including the size and location of the tumor, the grade of malignancy, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body.

N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAc transferases) are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in the post-translational modification of proteins by adding N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to specific amino acids in a protein sequence. These enzymes catalyze the transfer of GlcNAc from a donor molecule, typically UDP-GlcNAc, to acceptor proteins, which can be other glycoproteins or proteins without any prior glycosylation.

The addition of N-acetylglucosamine by these enzymes is an essential step in the formation of complex carbohydrate structures called N-linked glycans, which are attached to asparagine residues within the protein sequence. The process of adding GlcNAc can occur in different ways, leading to various types of N-glycan structures, such as oligomannose, hybrid, and complex types.

There are several classes of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GnTs) based on their substrate specificity and the type of glycosidic linkage they form:

1. GnT I (MGAT1): Transfers GlcNAc to the α1,6 position of the mannose residue in the chitobiose core of N-linked glycans, initiating the formation of complex-type structures.
2. GnT II (MGAT2): Adds a second GlcNAc residue to the β1,4 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of the chitobiose core, forming bi-antennary N-glycans.
3. GnT III (MGAT3): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,4 position of the mannose residue in the chitobiose core, creating a branching point for further glycosylation and leading to tri- or tetra-antennary N-glycans.
4. GnT IV (MGAT4): Adds GlcNAc to the β1,4 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming multi-branched complex-type structures.
5. GnT V (MGAT5): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the mannose residue in the chitobiose core, leading to hybrid and complex-type N-glycans with bisecting GlcNAc.
6. GnT VI (MGAT6): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
7. GnT VII (MGAT7): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
8. GnT VIII (MGAT8): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
9. GnT IX (MGAT9): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
10. GnT X (MGAT10): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
11. GnT XI (MGAT11): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
12. GnT XII (MGAT12): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
13. GnT XIII (MGAT13): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
14. GnT XIV (MGAT14): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
15. GnT XV (MGAT15): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
16. GnT XVI (MGAT16): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
17. GnT XVII (MGAT17): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
18. GnT XVIII (MGAT18): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
19. GnT XIX (MGAT19): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
20. GnT XX (MGAT20): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
21. GnT XXI (MGAT21): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
22. GnT XXII (MGAT22): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
23. GnT XXIII (MGAT23): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
24. GnT XXIV (MGAT24): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
25. GnT XXV (MGAT25): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
26. GnT XXVI (MGAT26): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
27. GnT XXVII (MGAT27): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
28. GnT XXVIII (MGAT28): Adds GlcNAc to the α1,3 position of the mannose residue at the non-reducing end of antennae, forming a-linked poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures.
29. GnT XXIX (MGAT29): Transfers GlcNAc to the β1,6 position of the N-acetylglucosamine residue in complex-type N-glycans, forming i-antigen structures.
30. GnT XXX (MG

Neoplasms in adipose tissue refer to abnormal and excessive growths of cells that form tumors within the fatty connective tissue. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign neoplasms, such as lipomas, are slow-growing and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant sites in the body (metastasis). An example of a malignant neoplasm in adipose tissue is liposarcoma. It's important to note that while some neoplasms may not cause any symptoms, others can cause pain, swelling or other uncomfortable sensations, and therefore should be evaluated by a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The mandibular condyle is a part of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the human body. It is a rounded eminence at the end of the mandible (lower jawbone) that articulates with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone in the skull, allowing for movements such as opening and closing the mouth, chewing, speaking, and swallowing. The mandibular condyle has both a fibrocartilaginous articular surface and a synovial joint capsule surrounding it, which provides protection and lubrication during these movements.

A laminectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the lamina, which is the back part of the vertebra that covers the spinal canal. This procedure is often performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves caused by conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or tumors. By removing the lamina, the surgeon can access the affected area and alleviate the compression on the spinal cord or nerves, thereby reducing pain, numbness, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms.

Laminectomy may be performed as a standalone procedure or in combination with other surgical techniques such as discectomy, foraminotomy, or spinal fusion. The specific approach and extent of the surgery will depend on the patient's individual condition and symptoms.

The majority of osteochondromas are symptomless and are found incidentally. Each individual with osteochondroma may experience ... Some of the clinical signs and symptoms of malignant osteochondroma are pain, swelling, and mass enlargement. Osteochondromas ... No treatment is necessary for Solitary osteochondromas that are asymptomatic. Treatments for solitary osteochondroma are ... Osteochondromas are benign lesions and do not affect life expectancy. Complete excision of osteochondroma is curative and the ...
... multiple osteochondromas at the pelvis multiple osteochondromas around the knee CT of osteochondroma in MO EL-Sobky, TA; Samir ... Hereditary multiple osteochondromas is the preferred term used by the World Health Organization. A noticeable lump in relation ... Intra-articular osteochondromas of the hip can induce limitation of range of motion, joint pain and acetabular dysplasia. ... Multiple osteochondromas causing deformity of the forearm (shortening of the Radius with secondary bowing of the Ulna). ...
"Osteochondroma : Bone Tumor Cancer : Tumors of the bone". www.tumorsurgery.org. (3) Sarcoma Surgeon and Orthopedic Oncologist. ... This condition is known as hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) or hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO). HME can also be ... "Novel mutation of EXT2 identified in a large family with multiple osteochondromas". Molecular Medicine Reports. 14 (5): 4687- ... in patients with sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas". Cancer. 82 (9): 1657-63. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980501)82:9. ...
There may be a history of enchondroma or osteochondroma. A small minority of secondary chondrosarcomas occur in people with ...
It is not possible to distinguish DEH from osteochondroma on the basis of histopathology alone. Special molecular tests of the ... histologically resembling osteochondroma. It is believed to affect the limb bud in early fetal life. The condition occurs ... Differential diagnosis of osteochondroma of talus and talus located dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, a diagnostic dilemma] ( ... a rare developmental disorder of bone mimicking osteochondroma of long bones". Human Pathology. 38 (8): 1265-72. doi:10.1016/j. ...
Osteochondromas are benign tumors located on the surface of bone near growth plates. These tumors also often in the hands and ... Using radiographic methods, osteochondromas can be seen at the metaphyses of the short tubular bones, such as those in the ... Osteochondromas are usually painless, and in many cases, they spontaneously regress after the first or second decade of life. ... The differential diagnosis includes hereditary multiple osteochondromas. This is a condition in which the long bones are ...
While many osteochondromas occur spontaneously, there are cases in which several osteochondromas can occur in the same ... Osteochondroma appears on X-ray as a projecting mass that often points away from joints. These tumors stop growing with the ... Osteochondromas form cartilage-capped projections of bone. Structures such as the marrow cavity and cortical bone of the ... Three common forms of benign bone tumors with are giant cell tumor of bone, osteochondroma, and enchondroma; other forms of ...
Diagnosis involves medical imaging to exclude other similar conditions, particularly osteochondroma. X-ray appearance may ...
... osteochondroma and mesothelioma. Nature by Tarlington and colleagues, provides epidemiological evidence that germline ...
... is a condition involving a proliferation of osteochondromas. Types include:[citation needed] Hereditary ...
Some benign tumors are not true neoplasms, but rather, represent hamartomas, namely the osteochondroma. The most common ... osteochondroma, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, giant cell tumor of bone and aneurysmal bone cyst.[citation needed] Malignant ...
"Validation of a New Multiple Osteochondromas Classification Through Switching Neural Networks". American Journal of Medical ...
Aged 10, Gil was diagnosed with osteochondroma and was told to give up from tennis. However, three years later he was fully ...
Neoplasms, both benign and malignant (cancerous), including chondroma, osteochondroma, multiple myeloma, osteosarcoma, Hodgkin ...
"Successful Removal of the Entire Upper Extremity for Osteochondroma". Medico.-Chirurgical Transactions, (1890):1978:81 "Modern ...
Metachondromatosis demonstrates autosomal-dominant transmission and presents with both multiple osteochondromas and ...
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), also called hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO), is a condition that is estimated to ... the term is considered synonymous with osteochondroma. Some sources consider the two terms to mean the same thing even without ... "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4 ...
"Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4 ...
"Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4 ...
"Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4 ...
Hereditary multiple exostoses of the forearm-also known as hereditary multiple osteochondromas-is another cause of hand and ... "Current paediatric orthopaedic practice in hereditary multiple osteochondromas of the forearm: a systematic review". SICOT-J. 4 ...
1999). "EXT-mutation analysis and loss of heterozygosity in sporadic and hereditary osteochondromas and secondary ...
... osteochondroma, osteoblastoma, enchondroma, giant-cell tumor of bone, and aneurysmal bone cyst. Cancer can arise in bone tissue ...
In addition to multiple osteochondromas and enlarged parietal foramina, affected individuals often have intellectual disability ... Other signs can include multiple mostly noncancerous benign bone tumours called osteochondromas (exostosis), developmental ...
This progresses to joint stiffness later in life when osteochondromas begin to develop, typically between infancy and mid- ...
HME features osteochondromas which are near the surface the bone whereas enchondromas featured in Ollier disease and Maffucci ...
... known as osteochondromas or exostoses, which develop primarily on the long bones of affected individuals from early childhood ...
A post-mortem examination revealed osteochondromas in the ribs, lymphoid atrophy, extensive periacinar necrosis of the liver, ...
Hemangioma Fibroma Lipoma Granular cell tumor Leiomyoma Angiomyofibroblastoma Aggressive angiomyxoma Teratoma Osteochondroma ...
... juvenile Osteochondritis dissecans Osteochondritis Osteochondrodysplasia thrombocytopenia hydrocephalus Osteochondroma ...
The majority of osteochondromas are symptomless and are found incidentally. Each individual with osteochondroma may experience ... Some of the clinical signs and symptoms of malignant osteochondroma are pain, swelling, and mass enlargement. Osteochondromas ... No treatment is necessary for Solitary osteochondromas that are asymptomatic. Treatments for solitary osteochondroma are ... Osteochondromas are benign lesions and do not affect life expectancy. Complete excision of osteochondroma is curative and the ...
Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor. The tumor is often diagnosed as an incidental finding. ... Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor. Osteochondromas account for 20-50% of benign bone tumors [2] and 9% of all ... Spinal osteochondromas can occur but are rare. [12] Most osteochondromas are diagnosed in patients younger than 20 years (see ... Osteochondroma is a hamartoma, and patients most commonly present in the second decade of life. Osteochondromas are located ...
A 23-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of right shoulder pain. Radiographs and computed tomography showed an exostosis on the inferior aspect of the distal clavicle. It was osteotomized...
This case study adds to the current understanding, incidence, occurrence, and treatment of rare osteochondromas occurring in ... Pathologic evaluation reported benign osteochondroma of the posterior talar process, and the patient subsequently had routine ... with bone sent for pathologic diagnosis of benign osteochondroma. The patient returned to normal baseline function with no pain ... Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that arise from divergent cartilage formation, most commonly in childhood versus ...
Osteochondromas are benign chondrogenic lesions derived from aberrant cartilage from the perichondral ring that may take the ... a malignant condition that results from malignant transformation of a solitary osteochondroma or MHE ... form of solitary osteochondroma, or Multiple Hereditary Exostosis. Patients typically present between the ages of 10 and 30 ...
This study supports application of a standardized measuring technique for improved distinction of benign osteochondromas from ... PurposeTo validate a technique for reproducible measurement of the osteochondroma cartilage cap with computed tomography (CT) ... Symptomatic osteochondromas: imaging features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;168(6):1507-1512. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar ... Scapular osteochondroma presenting with exostosis bursata. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 1993;52(2):55-58. Medline, Google Scholar ...
This flashcard is about osteochondroma. Learn medical terms with our smart flashcards. ...
Osteochondroma or exostosis is cartilage capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone and it is continuous with ... In multiple osteochondromas, the chance of malignant transformation is 0.9 to 5% of cases, so long term follow up is indicated. ... Osteochondroma is cartilage capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone, containing a marrow cavity that is ... Solitary osteochondroma is has a very good prognosis with , 0.25% of chances of conversion to the sarcomatous lesion. ...
Reumatología Clínica is the official publication of scientific Spanish Society of Rheumatology (SER) and the Mexican College of Rheumatology (CMR). Reumatología Clínica publishes original research papers, editorials, reviews, case reports and pictures. Published studies are primarily clinical and epidemiological research but also basic.. ...
Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor. The tumor is often diagnosed as an incidental finding. ... Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor. The tumor is often diagnosed as an incidental finding. Osteochondromas ... Solitary osteochondroma. Anteroposterior radiograph of a pedunculated osteochondroma of the distal femur. View Media Gallery ... Solitary osteochondroma. Lateral radiograph of a sessile osteochondroma of the distal femur. View Media Gallery ...
Most common in children and young adults, osteochondromas account for approximately 50% of all benign bone tumors. Most of the ... time, osteochondromas do not cause pain; however, discomfort can result if they irritate surrounding tissue. If osteochondromas ... Osteochondromas occur underneath the toenail when benign bone tumors form in that area, typically after injury. ... Osteochondromas. Osteochondromas occur underneath the toenail when benign bone tumors form in that area, typically after injury ...
In the case of osteochondroma though, the pain will persist or worsen if the cause is not properly identified. This is because ... or as part of the performance of everyday functional movements can be an indicator of osteochondroma, particularly when this ...
Osteochondromas can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened ... Hereditary multiple osteochondromas, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (OMIM#133700 for type I and #133701 for type ... Hereditary multiple osteochondromas, also known as hereditary multiple exostoses (OMIM#133700 for type I and #133701 for type ... Osteochondromas can be associated with a reduction in skeletal growth, bony deformity, restricted joint motion, shortened ...
We here with present a case of osteochondroma arising from the spinous process of L2, L3, L4 vertebrae (Rt. Side) in a 28 years ... OSTEOCHONDROMA ARISING FROM SPINOUS PROCESS OF L2, L3, L4 VERTEBRAE WITHOUT SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION: A RARE PRESENTATION. ... We here with present a case of osteochondroma arising from the spinous process of L2, L3, L4 vertebrae (Rt. Side) in a 28 years ... L4 suggesting the diagnosis of osteochondroma, a rare presentation without cord compression, and distinguishing the lesion from ...
To Learn More Call (203) 323-1171 or Visit Our Osteochondromas Page Today! ... Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that form in the bone beneath the toenail. Osteochrondromas account for about half of ... In some cases, osteochondromas may cause a deformity in the toenail or lead to an ingrown toenail. When problematic, ... osteochondromas may be removed surgically. However, they can recur after the procedure. ...
Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Body. Miyawaki, Takeshi; Kobayashi, Masahiro; Takeishi, Meisei; More ...
Osteochondroma (OC) is the most common benign tumor of the skeleton. However, patellar OC is very rare. Only five case reports ... Osteochondroma of the Rib: a rare radiological apeareance (7,965). *Unilateral Congenital Knee and Hip Dislocation with… (6,405 ... Introduction: Osteochondroma (OC) is the most common benign tumor of the skeleton. However, patellar OC is very rare. Only five ... Osteochondroma (OC) is the most common bone tumor, which constitutes 20-50% of all benign bone tumors [1]. WHO 2002 defined OC ...
Osteochondroma. The most frequent bone tumors, osteochondromas represent 20-50% of benign tumors and 10-15% of all bone tumors. ... Osteochondromas can present as solitary lesions, or as multiple lesions in the setting of hereditary multiple exostoses, an ... Osteochondroma-related pressure erosions in bony rings below the waist. Open Orthop J. 2015;9:520-524. ... Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic cor- relation. Radiographics. 2000;20(5):1407- ...
To Learn More Call (415) 731-6700 or Visit Our Osteochondromas Page Today! ... Osteochondromas are benign bone tumors that form in the bone beneath the toenail. Osteochrondromas account for about half of ... In some cases, osteochondromas may cause a deformity in the toenail or lead to an ingrown toenail. When problematic, ... osteochondromas may be removed surgically. However, they can recur after the procedure. ...
Abnormal scarring with keloid formation after osteochondroma excision in children with multiple hereditary exostoses. J Pediatr ... Abnormal scarring with keloid formation after osteochondroma excision in children with multiple hereditary exostoses.. ...
CONCLUSION: Although osteochondroma is a benign bone tumor that rarely arises in cranial and maxillofacial region, it should be ... PURPOSE: To report an uncommon case of osteochondroma affecting the mandibular condyle of a young patient and to illustrate the ... Computed tomography and scintigraphy exams for diagnosis and treatment planning of the condylar osteochondroma: a case report. ...
3D Printed Osteochondroma Erler-Zimmer. Retail Price $895.00 Todays Price Sale Price $815.00 ...
Along with her clinical practice, Dr. Luetmer is actively involved in mentoring Mayo PM&R Residents and Fellows as well as medical students. She is also involved in collaborative research with special interests in musculoskeletal and neuromuscular ultrasound and has presented at national and international conferences. Her goal is to optimize performance and function and to assist adults of all ages and abilities in returning to sport and activity.. ...
An isolated osteochondroma with underlying non-Hodgkins lymphoma of bone. Health and Medicine Reference Covering Thousands of ... An isolated osteochondroma with underlying non-Hodgkins lymphoma of bone. From Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 10/1/05 by ... Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumour. The risk of sarcomatous change in an isolated lesion is approximately 1 ... Osteochondroma represents a developmental dysplasia of a growth plate in the form of a cartilage capped bony projection from ...
osteochondroma. osteochondroma, solitary benign tumour that consists partly of cartilage and partly of bone. Osteochondromas ...
Hereditary multiple osteochondromas. *Hereditary myoclonus with progressive distal muscular atrophy, see Spinal muscular ... Hereditary multiple exostoses, see Hereditary multiple osteochondromas. * ...
Osteochondroma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma.. Pathology of soft tissues. Tumors. General features and ...
N2 - Involvement of osteochondromas in the spinal canal occurs in patients with multiple hereditary exostosis, but the exact ... AB - Involvement of osteochondromas in the spinal canal occurs in patients with multiple hereditary exostosis, but the exact ... Syringomyelia and vertebral osteochondromas in patients with multiple hereditary exostosis. Robert L. Thompson, Pooya ... Involvement of osteochondromas in the spinal canal occurs in patients with multiple hereditary exostosis, but the exact ...
Multiple osteochondromas: mutation update and description of the multiple osteochondromas mutation database (MOdb) ... Multiple osteochondromas (MO) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disease characterized by the formation of multiple cartilage- ... An overview of the reported variants is provided by the online Multiple Osteochondromas Mutation Database (http://medgen.ua.ac. ...
Osteochondromas account for 20%-50% of all benign bone lesions. These tumors may present as solitary non-hereditary lesions, ... Although the imaging features of osteochondromas are largely known, only a few papers in the literature have focused on their ... This paper aimed to illustrate the main complications of osteochondromas, suggest an image-based algorithm for management and ... Imaging of solitary and multiple osteochondromas: From head to toe - A review. ...

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