Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System
Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration
Limbic Encephalitis
Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular
Endocrine Glands
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Recurrence of adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma. (1/57)
Conn's syndrome (adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma) and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia are the most common causes of primary aldosteronism. The treatment of choice for patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma is unilateral total adrenalectomy. Recurrence after adequate surgery is exceptional. We present a patient with recurrence of an aldosterone-producing adenoma in the right adrenal gland 9 years after adenomectomy of a aldosterone-producing adenoma in the same adrenal gland. We conclude that adenomectomy is not an adequate therapy for patients with adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma. (+info)The differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from the hypercalcemia of malignancy. (2/57)
The presence of hypercalcemia in patients with known cancers may be due to the cancers themselves, or to co-existing primary hyperparathyroidism. The differentiation of primary hyperparathyroidism from the hypercalcemia of malignancy is important since the relief of distressing symptoms and prevention of hypercalcemic crises and renal failure can be accomplished relatively easily by parathyroid surgery in the former condition, and only with difficulty, at times, with fluids and drugs in the latter condition. The histories of three recent patients are presented, which demonstrate the difficulties inherent in the differentiation of these conditions. These patients were ultimately found at operation to have primary hyperparathyroidism in addition to malignancies of the cervix, adrenal gland and kidney. In our experience the following have been helpful in establishing a diagnosis; history of hypercalcemia prior to development of cancer, the type of cancer itself, the effect of cancer therapy on the hypercalcemia, and selective venous sampling with radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone. (+info)Guanosine nucleotides inhibit different syndromes of PTHrP excess caused by human cancers in vivo. (3/57)
There are two well-described syndromes caused by tumor production of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), namely osteolytic bone disease associated with breast cancer and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) that occurs with or without bone metastasis. Both syndromes have been shown experimentally to be inhibited by neutralizing antibodies to PTHrP. In a search for small-molecule inhibitors of PTHrP production or effects, we have identified guanine-nucleotide analogs as compounds that inhibit PTHrP expression by human tumor cells associated with these syndromes. We show in nude athymic murine models that these compounds reduce PTHrP-mediated osteolytic lesions associated with metastatic human breast-cancer cells as well as the degree of hypercalcemia caused by excessive PTHrP production by a squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. These results suggest that the PTHrP gene promoter may be a suitable target for treating the skeletal effects of malignancy. (+info)Ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma of the vomerosphenoidal junction. (4/57)
OBJECTIVE: We describe an unusual case of ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma arising from the vomerosphenoidal junction. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 52-Year-old man with a long-standing history of hyperthyroidism was referred to the University Hospital in September 2001 because of increasingly disabling symptoms of nasal obstruction. For the past 18 Years the patient had complained of palpitations, hypertension, weight loss, and nervousness. A presumptive diagnosis of Graves' disease was made. Treatment with methimazole was begun, but the patient was lost to follow-up. On admission, physical examination revealed signs of hyperthyroidism and a large diffuse goiter. Tests of thyroid function showed inappropriate secretion of TSH with hyperthyroidism. Both a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma and resistance to thyroid hormone could be taken into account. There was no evidence of pituitary tumour by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but a large space-occupying lesion involving the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx was incidentally discovered. INTERVENTATION AND TECHNIQUE: Using an endoscopic endonasal approach, the tumour was removed en bloc together with the sphenoid floor, sphenoid rostrum, bony septum, and part of the soft palate mucosa. Histological features and immunophenotype were those of a TSH-secreting tumour. CONCLUSION: Although exceedingly rare, ectopic TSH-secreting pituitary tumour should be borne in mind in cases of inappropriate secretion of TSH with hyperthyroidism and no evidence of pituitary tumour by computed tomography and/or MRI when a mass located along the migration path of the Rathke's pouch is demonstrated by radiological examination. To our knowledge, this is only the second reported case in the literature. (+info)Symptomatic epidural lipomatosis in ectopic Cushing's syndrome. (5/57)
We report a case of spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) caused by ectopic Cushing's syndrome and give a review of the literature. The most common cause of SEL is prolonged therapy with glucocorticoids, only a very few cases are related to endogenous Cushing's syndrome. The pathophysiological mechanism is not clear but there is a possible role for the autonomic nervous system in the stimulation of growth of epidural fat. Severe neurological symptoms which indicate myelopathy and radiculopathy can occur, but there is often a delay in diagnosis because the non-specific initial symptoms are not recognized. The epidural fat is mostly located in the thoracic and lumbar region. Magnetic resonance imaging can establish the diagnosis rapidly. In patients with severe neurological symptoms, surgical decompression of the myelum and removal of the epidural fat is the treatment of choice. Most patients have partial or complete recovery of neurological deficits after surgical treatment or after discontinuing glucocorticoid therapy; mild cases can also be treated conservatively. Routine imaging for the detection of epidural-located lipomatosis in patients at risk is probably useful. (+info)[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography imaging of thymic carcinoid tumor presenting with recurrent Cushing's syndrome. (6/57)
We report a case of a young woman with Cushing's syndrome (CS), in whom although endocrine investigations and negative pituitary imaging were suggestive of ectopic ACTH secretion, the results of inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) sampling after coricotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation were suggestive of pituitary ACTH hypersecretion. (111)In-labelled octreotide and high-resolution computer tomography (CT) revealed a lesion possibly responsible for the ACTH source in the thymus. Thymectomy confirmed concomitant ectopic CRH and probable ACTH production by a thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma. After an 8-year remission period the patient developed a clinical and biochemical relapse. A high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax showed a 2-cm nodule in the thymic bed, which was positive on a [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) scan. However, a repeated thymectomy did not result in remission. A repeat [(18)F]FDG PET study showed persistent disease in the thymic bed and also uptake in the adrenals. The patient underwent bilateral adrenalectomy, which resulted in clinical remission. A further [(18)F]FDG PET scan 8 months later showed no progression of the thymic tumor and confirmed complete excision of the adrenals. This is a rare case of concomitant CRH and ACTH secretion from a thymic carcinoid tumor; the case illustrates the usefulness of functional imaging with [(18)F]FDG PET in the diagnosis, management and follow-up of neuroendocrine tumors. (+info)Mixed endocrine pancreatic tumors producing several peptide hormones. (7/57)
Twenty-four endocrine pancreatic tumors were examined immunohistochemically for insulin, glucagon, gastrin and ACTH. In seven of these tumors, more than one peptide-hormone-containing cell type was observed. These seven tumors were also examined with conventional staining methods for the presence of A1, A2, and B cells. The results showed that these staining methods do not always distinguish between the different hormone-producing cell types of endocrine pancreatic tumors. In spite of the fact that several types of hormone-secreting cells were found in the tumors, the case histories described symptoms characteristic of hypersecretion of only one of the hormones. The hormone of the predominating cell type could not always explain the clinical symptoms. Our results indicate the endocrine pancreatic tumors often are multihormonal. Therefore, it would seem advisable to screen serum from all insuloma patients for a variety of peptide hormones. (+info)ACTH-secreting 'apudoma' of gallbladder. (8/57)
The case of a 44-year-old woman is reported. The diagnosis after the appropriate tests and laparotomy was ACTH-secreting 'apudoma' of the gallbladder. This is a rare tumour and this case is believed to be the first reported of an ectopic hormone producing tumour from this side. (+info)Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes refer to a group of hormonal and related disorders that occur as remote effects of cancer. They are caused by substances (like hormones, peptides, or antibodies) produced by the tumor, which may be benign or malignant, and can affect various organs and systems in the body. These syndromes can occur before the cancer is diagnosed, making them an important consideration for early detection and treatment of the underlying malignancy.
Examples of paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes include:
1. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH): This occurs when a tumor, often small cell lung cancer, produces antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive water retention and low sodium levels in the blood.
2. Cushing's Syndrome: Excessive production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by a tumor, often a small cell lung cancer or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, can lead to increased cortisol levels and symptoms such as weight gain, muscle weakness, and mood changes.
3. Ectopic Production of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide (PTHrP): This occurs when a tumor, often a squamous cell carcinoma, produces PTHrP, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood and symptoms such as bone pain, kidney stones, and confusion.
4. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy: Excessive production of calcitriol (active vitamin D) by a tumor, often a lymphoma or myeloma, can lead to increased calcium levels in the blood and symptoms such as bone pain, kidney stones, and confusion.
5. Carcinoid Syndrome: This occurs when a neuroendocrine tumor, often in the gastrointestinal tract, produces serotonin and other substances, leading to symptoms such as flushing, diarrhea, and heart problems.
It is important to note that these syndromes can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, so a thorough evaluation is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis.
Paraneoplastic syndromes refer to a group of rare disorders that are caused by an abnormal immune system response to a cancerous (malignant) tumor. These syndromes are characterized by symptoms or signs that do not result directly from the growth of the tumor itself, but rather from substances produced by the tumor or the body's immune system in response to the tumor.
Paraneoplastic syndromes can affect various organs and systems in the body, including the nervous system, endocrine system, skin, and joints. Examples of paraneoplastic syndromes include Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), which affects nerve function and causes muscle weakness; cerebellar degeneration, which can cause difficulty with coordination and balance; and dermatomyositis, which is an inflammatory condition that affects the skin and muscles.
Paraneoplastic syndromes can occur in association with a variety of different types of cancer, including lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lymphoma. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cancer, as well as managing the symptoms of the paraneoplastic syndrome.
Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system are a group of rare disorders that occur in some individuals with cancer. These syndromes are caused by an immune system response to the cancer tumor, which can lead to the damage or destruction of nerve cells. The immune system produces antibodies and/or activated immune cells that attack the neural tissue, leading to neurological symptoms.
Paraneoplastic syndromes can affect any part of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscles. Symptoms vary depending on the specific syndrome and the location of the affected nerve tissue. Some common neurological symptoms include muscle weakness, numbness or tingling, seizures, memory loss, confusion, difficulty speaking or swallowing, visual disturbances, and coordination problems.
Paraneoplastic syndromes are often associated with specific types of cancer, such as small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lymphoma. Diagnosis can be challenging because the symptoms may precede the discovery of the underlying cancer. A combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies, laboratory tests, and sometimes a brain biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cancer with surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Immunosuppressive therapies may also be used to manage the immune response that is causing the neurological symptoms. While treatment can help alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, paraneoplastic syndromes are often difficult to cure completely.
Paraneoplastic polyneuropathy is a rare neurological disorder that can occur in some individuals with cancer. It's caused by the immune system producing antibodies or cells that attack the nervous system (neurons, nerve axons, or myelin sheath) as a response to the presence of a tumor or cancer in the body.
The term "polyneuropathy" refers to damage or dysfunction affecting multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. This can lead to various symptoms such as numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and pain, typically starting in the hands and feet and progressing upwards.
In paraneoplastic polyneuropathy, these symptoms are related to the immune system's response to the cancer rather than direct invasion of the nerves by the tumor itself. The specific type of polyneuropathy can vary between individuals, and it may present as sensorimotor polyneuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, or a combination of both.
Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cancer are crucial for managing paraneoplastic polyneuropathy. Immunotherapy, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin may be used to help control the immune response and alleviate symptoms.
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive damage to the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for coordinating muscle movements. It is considered a paraneoplastic syndrome, which means it is caused by an abnormal immune system response to a cancerous tumor (neoplasm) located elsewhere in the body.
In PCD, antibodies produced by the immune system to fight the tumor mistakenly attack proteins in the cerebellum that are similar to those found in the tumor. This leads to inflammation and degeneration of the Purkinje cells, a type of neuron critical for maintaining balance and coordinating movements.
PCD can present with symptoms such as unsteady gait, loss of coordination, slurred speech, nystagmus (involuntary eye movement), and tremors. These symptoms often develop rapidly, over the course of days to weeks, and may progress even after the tumor has been removed or treated.
PCD is associated with several types of cancers, including small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and others. Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cancer are essential to slowing down the progression of PCD and improving outcomes.
A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.
For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.
Limbic encephalitis is a rare type of inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects the limbic system, which is a part of the brain involved in emotions, behavior, memory, and sense of smell. It is characterized by inflammation of the limbic system, leading to symptoms such as memory loss, confusion, seizures, changes in behavior and mood, and problems with autonomic functions.
Limbic encephalitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral infections, cancer, or autoimmune disorders. In some cases, the cause may remain unknown. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies (such as MRI), and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment usually involves immunosuppressive therapy to reduce inflammation, as well as addressing any underlying causes if they can be identified.
It is important to note that limbic encephalitis is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention and treatment. If you or someone else experiences symptoms such as sudden confusion, memory loss, or seizures, it is essential to seek medical care immediately.
Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that occur in some individuals with cancer. These syndromes are caused by substances produced by the tumor or the body's immune response to the tumor, which can affect distant organs and cause various symptoms.
Ocular paraneoplastic syndromes refer to a subset of these disorders that specifically affect the eyes. They are caused by an abnormal immune response directed against antigens shared by both the tumor and the nervous tissue of the eye. This results in damage to the nerve cells and can lead to various visual symptoms, such as:
1. Visual loss or blurring
2. Double vision (diplopia)
3. Light sensitivity (photophobia)
4. Abnormalities in pupil size or reactivity
5. Jerky eye movements (nystagmus)
6. Loss of peripheral vision (visual field defects)
7. Impaired color vision
8. Deterioration of the optic nerve (optic neuropathy)
Some examples of ocular paraneoplastic syndromes include:
1. Paraneoplastic retinopathy: A condition characterized by damage to the light-sensitive cells in the retina, leading to visual loss and other visual disturbances.
2. Paraneoplastic optic neuropathy: Damage to the optic nerve that can result in visual loss and visual field defects.
3. Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR): A condition characterized by progressive vision loss, night blindness, and abnormalities in the electroretinogram (ERG), a test used to assess retinal function.
4. Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR): Similar to CAR but specifically associated with melanoma, this condition can cause visual loss, night blindness, and abnormal ERG results.
5. Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by rapid, involuntary eye movements (opsoclonus) and muscle jerks (myoclonus), which can be associated with various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and ovarian cancer.
It is important to note that these conditions are relatively rare but can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cancer can help improve outcomes for patients with ocular paraneoplastic syndromes.
Endocrine glands are ductless glands in the human body that release hormones directly into the bloodstream, which then carry the hormones to various tissues and organs in the body. These glands play a crucial role in regulating many of the body's functions, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.
Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pineal gland, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Each of these glands produces specific hormones that have unique effects on various target tissues in the body.
The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to regulate many bodily functions through a complex network of feedback mechanisms. Disorders of the endocrine system can result in a wide range of symptoms and health problems, including diabetes, thyroid disease, growth disorders, and sexual dysfunction.
Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigability. It is caused by the presence of antibodies against voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) in the neuromuscular junction, which disrupts the normal transmission of signals between nerves and muscles.
The symptoms of LEMS include proximal muscle weakness, which may affect the legs more than the arms, and autonomic dysfunction such as dry mouth and constipation. The weakness tends to improve with exercise but worsens after periods of rest. In some cases, LEMS can be associated with cancer, particularly small cell lung cancer.
Diagnosis of LEMS typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, electromyography (EMG) studies, and blood tests to detect VGCC antibodies. Treatment may include medications such as pyridostigmine, which improves neuromuscular transmission, or intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange, which help to reduce the immune response. In cases where LEMS is associated with cancer, treatment of the underlying malignancy can also improve muscle strength and function.
The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and organs that produce, store, and secrete hormones. It plays a crucial role in regulating various functions and processes in the body, including metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood.
The major endocrine glands include:
1. Pituitary gland: located at the base of the brain, it is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls other glands' functions. It produces and releases several hormones that regulate growth, development, and reproduction.
2. Thyroid gland: located in the neck, it produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
3. Parathyroid glands: located near the thyroid gland, they produce parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels in the blood.
4. Adrenal glands: located on top of the kidneys, they produce hormones that regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure.
5. Pancreas: located in the abdomen, it produces hormones such as insulin and glucagon that regulate blood sugar levels.
6. Sex glands (ovaries and testes): they produce sex hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone that regulate sexual development and reproduction.
7. Pineal gland: located in the brain, it produces melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles.
The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis or balance in the body's internal environment. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they bind to specific receptors and elicit a response. Disorders of the endocrine system can result from overproduction or underproduction of hormones, leading to various health problems such as diabetes, thyroid disorders, growth disorders, and sexual dysfunction.
Cancer
Ectopic hormone
Paraneoplastic syndrome
List of MeSH codes (C04)
The great imitator
Kidney cancer
Cancer signs and symptoms
Psychosis
Grant Liddle
Tripe palms
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Hormonal therapy (oncology)
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Oncogenic osteomalacia
Myopathy
Fibroblast growth factor 23
Carcinoid syndrome
Acanthosis nigricans
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
List of syndromes
Carcinoid
Cushing's syndrome
POEMS syndrome
Hypertrichosis
Medulloblastoma
Index of oncology articles
Interleukin 6
Ovarian cancer
Parathyroid hormone
Voltage-gated calcium channel
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Tumors14
- Carcinoid Syndrome Carcinoid syndrome develops in some people with carcinoid tumors and is characterized by cutaneous flushing, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. (msdmanuals.com)
- Paraneoplastic syndromes is the term used to refer to the disorders that accompany benign or malignant tumors but are not directly related to mass effects or invasion. (mhmedical.com)
- Tumors of neuroendocrine origin, such as small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoids, produce a wide array of peptide hormones and are common causes of paraneoplastic syndromes. (mhmedical.com)
- A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). (wakehealth.edu)
- Paraneoplastic syndromes occur in about 8% of all malignant tumors. (bvsalud.org)
- Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome is related to abnormalities on chromosome 11p15 and characterized by multiple craniofacial anomalies, abdominal wall defects, and tumors of the genitourinary tract, liver, adrenal gland, and central nervous system among other abnormalities. (abdominalkey.com)
- Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) include all tumors derived from the diffuse endocrine system. (springeropen.com)
- Occasionally, like neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, small cell cancer of the cervix can present with paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the endocrine (hormonal) and/or nervous systems such as hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels), neurologic disorders, Cushing's syndrome, and SIADH [11]. (damncancer.com)
- What Is Paraneoplastic Syndrome & Can Benign Tumors Cause It? (epainassist.com)
- Endocrine pancreatic tumors with glucagon hypersecretion: A retrospective study of 23 cases during 20 years. (asean-endocrinejournal.org)
- A group of autosomal dominant diseases characterized by the combined occurrence of tumors involving two or more ENDOCRINE GLANDS that secrete PEPTIDE HORMONES or AMINES. (childrensmercy.org)
- Hypoglycemia may be seen at the end of life from decreased gluconeogenesis from liver failure or from a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with tumors that secrete insulin-like growth factors (3). (mypcnow.org)
- Renal syndrome is characterized by hypokalemic nephropathy, and it occurs in 50% of individuals with ACTH secreting tumors of the lung. (targetwoman.com)
- von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, or von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by visceral cysts and benign tumors in multiple organ systems that have subsequent potential for malignant change. (medscape.com)
Hematologic2
- The most common endocrinologic and hematologic syndromes associated with underlying neoplasia will be discussed here. (mhmedical.com)
- Hematologic syndromes are related to anemia, thrombocytosis , disseminated intravascular coagulation, and leukemoid reactions from several types of cancers. (targetwoman.com)
SIADH2
- The most common endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes in people with SCLC are SIADH and Ectopic Cushing syndrome. (healthline.com)
- the most common of these are the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and the syndrome of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) production. (medscape.com)
Neurologic syndromes3
- An estimated 3-5% of people with SCLC also have neurologic syndromes. (healthline.com)
- Moreover, autoimmune phenomena may lead to various neurologic syndromes, such as Lambert-Eaton syndrome . (medscape.com)
- Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are a group of conditions that affect the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves and/or muscles) and usually occur in individuals who already have cancer. (epainassist.com)
Cerebellar degeneration1
- Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration causes gait difficulties, dizziness, nausea and diplopia. (targetwoman.com)
Hypercalcemia2
- In this short synopsis, the main clinical and laboratory characteristics of the most important paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes are presented including humoral hypercalcemia, the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, ectopic ACTH syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
- SCLC is a neuroendocrine carcinoma that exhibits aggressive behavior, rapid growth, early spread to distant sites, exquisite sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation, and frequent association with distinct paraneoplastic syndromes , including hypercalcemia, Eaton-lambert syndrome, syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone, and many others. (medscape.com)
Neurological3
- These syndromes can form when your immune system attacks healthy neurological cells. (healthline.com)
- The majority of cases are sporadic, but hereditary forms are also known, namely, familiar hyperaldosteronism types I-IV and primary aldosteronism with seizures and neurological abnormalities syndrome. (bvsalud.org)
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Postpolio Syndrome (PPS)) present with progressive neurological deterioration typically attributed to their underlying diseases rather than surgical spinal pathology. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Cushing3
- Ectopic Cushing syndrome occurs in 1-5% of cases. (healthline.com)
- Cushing Syndrome - A noncancerous benign tumor of the pituitary gland occurs due to abnormally high levels of cortisol. (epainassist.com)
- from a malignant carcinoid syndrome to Cushing syndrome . (targetwoman.com)
Disorders7
- Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare disorders that are triggered by an altered immune system response to a neoplasm. (medscape.com)
- The signs, symptoms, and metabolic alterations associated with paraneoplastic disorders may be overlooked in the context of a malignancy and its treatment. (mhmedical.com)
- Symptomatic and severe combined immunodeficiency disorders, later, as affected by hemophilia a with the down syndrome are the essentials of diagnosis & typical features firm, freely movable, called a positive or present, decreased, increased n, normal or only minimally elevated. (elastizell.com)
- Denys-Drash syndrome, due to mutations of the WT1 gene, is also associated with a congenital nephropathy and disorders of sexual development. (abdominalkey.com)
- Calcium-containing renal stones, which affect 7% of adults, may be associated with endocrine and metabolic disorders that include primary hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis, hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Endocrine syndromes resemble common endocrine disorders. (targetwoman.com)
- Neurologic or neuromuscular syndromes relate to cancers and such disorders affect 6% of all patients with cancer. (targetwoman.com)
Cutaneous2
- Necrolytic migratory erythema: A cutaneous clue to glucagonoma syndrome. (asean-endocrinejournal.org)
- Cutaneous syndromes are manifested by itching and flushes, alopecia, or hypertrichosis. (targetwoman.com)
Occur6
- In a broad sense, these syndromes are collections of symptoms that result from substances produced by the tumor, and they occur remotely from the tumor itself. (medscape.com)
- Paraneoplastic syndromes are symptoms that occur at sites distant from a tumor or its metastasis. (msdmanuals.com)
- The syndrome can occur spontaneously or as a paraneoplastic syndrome. (medicinelearners.com)
- However, since antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase as well as against amphiphysin also occur in other diseases, the usefulness of this test in clarifying stiff-man syndrome is often questioned. (medicinelearners.com)
- These are clinical syndromes produced by tumor although they occur remotely from the tumor itself. (targetwoman.com)
- Paraneoplastic syndromes occur typically among middle-aged to older patients. (targetwoman.com)
Musculoskeletal1
- The common symptoms may be endocrine, neuromuscular or musculoskeletal. (epainassist.com)
Autoimmune6
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare autoimmune condition that causes miscommunication between your nerves and muscles. (healthline.com)
- between cancer and associated paraneoplastic syndrome, endocrine dysfunction (or total lack of function, since my thyroid was removed in 2012), nerve damage, autoimmune inflammatory issues and arthritis, and every other damn thing wrong with me. (blogspot.com)
- RESULTS: Twenty-five (44.6%) patients had a Definite NMDAR-Ab encephalitis (eight ovarian teratomas, one Hodgkin's lymphoma), 18 (32.1%) a Possible NMDAR-Ab encephalitis and 13 (23.2%) an Unlikely autoimmune syndrome. (ox.ac.uk)
- Stiff Man Syndrome (SMS) is a rare autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and endocrine glands. (medicinelearners.com)
- It is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and endocrine glands. (medicinelearners.com)
- The cause of stiff man syndrome is an autoimmune process affecting the nervous system and endocrine glands. (medicinelearners.com)
Middle-aged1
- Paraneoplastic syndromes tend to develop in middle-aged or older adults. (healthline.com)
Diagnosis7
- When a patient without a known cancer presents with one of the "typical" paraneoplastic syndromes, a diagnosis of cancer should be considered and investigated. (medscape.com)
- Recent medical advances have improved the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of paraneoplastic syndromes. (freebookcentre.net)
- Topics covered includes: chronic fatigue syndrome or myalgic encephalomyelitis, Methodology, Making a diagnosis of CFS or ME, Management, People with severe CFS or ME. (freebookcentre.net)
- Delayed diagnosis of glucagonoma syndrome. (asean-endocrinejournal.org)
- The glucagonoma syndrome: Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. (asean-endocrinejournal.org)
- The diagnosis of paraneoplastic dermatomyositis was made owing to progressive muscle weakness and elevation of muscle enzymes associated with the typical rash of the face and hands. (biomedcentral.com)
- The overall objective of the guidelines is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of the full spectrum of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and SJS-TEN overlap in adults during the acute phase of the disease. (medscape.com)
Limbic encephalitis1
- Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is characterized by depression, seizures, irritability and short term memory loss and neurologic symptoms rapidly resemble dementia . (targetwoman.com)
Hormones5
- Other paraneoplastic syndromes are caused by cancer cells releasing hormones or other substances. (healthline.com)
- When these cells become cancerous, they can overproduce hormones or other biologically active substances that lead to the development of endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. (healthline.com)
- Paraneoplastic syndrome makes you have symptoms of diseases you don't have, because it causes your body to not make some hormones, and make too much of others. (blogspot.com)
- Many hormones are produced at low levels from a wide array of tissues in addition to the classic endocrine source. (mhmedical.com)
- This syndrome can be due to a number of causes, including hormones or biologically active products, made by tumor, which blocks normal hormone, autoimmunity, immune-complex production and immune suppression. (targetwoman.com)
Cancers1
- The causes of the paraneoplastic syndromes associated with underlying cancers are not well known. (medscape.com)
Diseases4
- Two very rare diseases, paraneoplastic hypoglycemia and tumor-induced osteomalatia are also briefly presented. (bvsalud.org)
- In a nutshell, it is a clinical syndrome that involves non-metastatic systemic effects usually accompanied by malignant diseases. (epainassist.com)
- This is why stiff man syndrome often occurs with other hormone-related diseases. (medicinelearners.com)
- Finally, stiff man syndrome is often associated with endocrine diseases such as type 1 diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases (overactive and underactive). (medicinelearners.com)
Nervous2
- [ 7 ] The first report of a paraneoplastic syndrome has been attributed to a French physician, M. Auchè, who described peripheral nervous system involvement in cancer patients in 1890. (medscape.com)
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus- A rare neuroinflammatory disorder of paraneoplastic, parainfectious or idiopathic origin that affects the nervous system. (epainassist.com)
Glands1
- They are classified by the endocrine glands involved and the degree of aggressiveness. (childrensmercy.org)
Antibodies4
- Many paraneoplastic syndromes are triggered by an abnormal immune response where antibodies or a type of white blood cell called T cells attack and damage healthy cells. (healthline.com)
- Unfortunately, in some cases these antibodies cross-react with normal tissues and destroy them, which may result in a paraneoplastic disorder. (medscape.com)
- In addition to inhibiting GABA, paraneoplastic SMS also produces antibodies against the enzyme amphiphysin. (medicinelearners.com)
- In the case of paraneoplastic SMS, antibodies against the enzyme amphiphysin also appear. (medicinelearners.com)
Gastrointestinal1
- Watery diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance, leads to asthenia, confusion and exhaustion, all characteristic of gastrointestinal syndromes. (targetwoman.com)
Carcinoid2
- [ 6 ] to the malignant carcinoid syndrome . (medscape.com)
- For patient education information, see the Cancer Center , as well as Lung Cancer , Lymphoma , and Carcinoid Syndrome . (medscape.com)
Neoplasia7
- This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1. (wakehealth.edu)
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (types 1 and 2b). (mhmedical.com)
- Cervical metastases of glucagonoma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: Report of a case. (asean-endocrinejournal.org)
- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" by people in this website by year, and whether "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
- Pituitary adenoma in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1: a cohort study. (uliege.be)
Idiopathic1
- Finally, some paraneoplastic syndromes are idiopathic. (medscape.com)
Clinical6
- They are defined as clinical syndromes involving nonmetastatic systemic effects that accompany malignant disease. (medscape.com)
- Consequently, atypical clinical manifestations in a patient with cancer should prompt consideration of a paraneoplastic syndrome. (mhmedical.com)
- The glucagonoma syndrome: Clinical and pathologic features in 21 patients. (asean-endocrinejournal.org)
- The glucagonoma syndrome and necrolytic migratory erythema: A clinical review. (asean-endocrinejournal.org)
- Due to the complexity of this syndrome, its clinical presentations may vary greatly. (targetwoman.com)
- SJS, TEN and SJS-TEN overlap (see section 'What are the recognized clinical phenotypes in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis? (medscape.com)
Tissues1
- Mastocytosis and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Mastocytosis is mast cell proliferation with infiltration of skin or other tissues and organs. (msdmanuals.com)
Renal2
- Mutations leading to haploinsufficiency of the dual zinc finger transcription factor GATA3 result in the hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome which is an autosomal dominant disorder. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
- Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare, acquired paraneoplastic disorder characterized by a renal phosphate leak leading to hypophosphatemia and deranged bone turnover. (hindawi.com)
Dysfunction1
- Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a condition characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia with manifestations of organ system involvement or dysfunction directly related to eosinophilia in the. (msdmanuals.com)
Cancer13
- Paraneoplastic syndromes are groups of certain signs and symptoms that develop in some people with cancer. (healthline.com)
- SCLC is the type of cancer most associated with the development of paraneoplastic syndromes. (healthline.com)
- The term paraneoplastic syndrome has been used since the 1940s to describe groups of signs and symptoms that develop in some people with cancer. (healthline.com)
- These syndromes are estimated to develop in 1-7.4% of people with cancer. (healthline.com)
- Symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes can precede (come before) symptoms of cancer. (healthline.com)
- Paraneoplastic syndromes may be the first or most prominent manifestation of a cancer. (medscape.com)
- In a patient who is already receiving treatment for cancer, the onset of a paraneoplastic syndrome may be an indication of relapse. (medscape.com)
- especially endocrine cancer with paraneoplastic syndrome. (blogspot.com)
- Endocrine cancer does that already even without the paraneoplastic syndrome. (blogspot.com)
- Up to 20% of cancer patients experience paraneoplastic syndromes, but often these syndromes are unrecognized. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lung carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that often leads to paraneoplastic syndrome. (epainassist.com)
- Common symptoms of lung cancer include difficulty breathing , hemoptysis , chronic coughing , chest pain , weakness and wasting , difficulty speaking , and symptoms related to paraneoplastic syndromes . (wikidoc.org)
- While paraneoplastic stiff man syndrome is the result of cancer, classic SMS occurs spontaneously. (medicinelearners.com)
Pathophysiology1
- The pathophysiology of paraneoplastic syndromes is complex and intriguing. (medscape.com)
Disorder1
- Paraneoplastic syndrome is defined as a rare disorder triggered by a response to neoplasm of an immune system that is altered. (targetwoman.com)
Malignancy1
- Myasthenia gravis is a common Paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with thymoma, a malignancy arising from epithelial cells of the thymus. (targetwoman.com)
Common3
- Careful studies of the prevalence of paraneoplastic syndromes indicate that they are more common than is generally appreciated. (mhmedical.com)
- A prothrombin time pt generally is the most common paraneoplastic endocrine syndrome. (elastizell.com)
- Transient hypocalcaemia is common complication of parathyroidectomy but rarely potentially life threatening hungry bone syndrome (HBS) can develop. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Immune system1
- Some paraneoplastic syndromes develop when your immune system overreacts to a tumor and mounts a strong attack against it. (healthline.com)
Encephalomyelitis2
- The guideline covers care provided by healthcare professionals who have direct contact with and make decisions about the care of people with chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. (freebookcentre.net)
- In addition to classic SMS, there is also stiff leg syndrome (SLS) with stiffening of the leg muscles, progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus (PERM) and paraneoplastic SMS. (medicinelearners.com)
Condition characterized2
- Sweet's Syndrome - A rare skin condition characterized by fever and the sudden onset of a rash, fever and elevated blood cell count. (epainassist.com)
- Stiff Man Syndrome is a very rare condition characterized by gradual stiffening of the muscles. (medicinelearners.com)
Somatostatin1
- The paraneoplastic syndrome is driven by a small somatostatin receptor (sstr)-positive tumor that produces phosphatonins. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Disease4
- In the case of a paraneoplastic syndrome, the disease can also begin in the arm muscles. (medicinelearners.com)
- For some time now, the disease has also been referred to by the neutral term stiff-person syndrome. (medicinelearners.com)
- Stiff Man Syndrome is an insidious disease that causes serious physical and mental complications as the disease progresses. (medicinelearners.com)
- Few patients with neurodegenerative syndromes (MS, ALS, PPS) and reported "significant" spondyloitic spinal disease interpreted on MR/CT studies required surgery. (surgicalneurologyint.com)