A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to generalized paresis and death. The disease, which is characterized by hypocalcemia, occurs at or shortly after parturition in cows and within weeks before or after parturition in ewes.
A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for PARALYSIS (severe or complete loss of motor function). In the older literature, paresis often referred specifically to paretic neurosyphilis (see NEUROSYPHILIS). "General paresis" and "general paralysis" may still carry that connotation. Bilateral lower extremity paresis is referred to as PARAPARESIS.

An epidemiologic study of disease in 32 registered Holstein dairy herds in British Columbia. (1/18)

Data recorded in a herd health management system were obtained from 32 registered Holstein dairy herds from British Columbia. Frequencies of disease were described, and the effect of herd, age, year, season, and the interrelationships between diseases within a lactation on the occurrence of disease were evaluated. Lactational incidence rates were computed for diseases with a short period of risk (ie, udder edema, milk fever, retained placenta, metritis, displaced abomasum, and ketosis), whereas for diseases with a longer period of risk (ie, cystic ovaries, mastitis and stable footrot), incidence densities were calculated. Overall, the disease incidence was low and showed an increase in frequency by year, which we attributed to more observing and complete recording by the owner, rather than an actual increase in disease incidence. Most diseases occurred early in lactation and their frequency increased with lactation number; the exception was udder edema, which occurred mainly during the first 2 lactations. An informal path model of disease interrelationships was made conditional on herd. Based on the results we inferred 2 independent pathways: one started by udder edema, and the other by milk fever. Udder edema was directly associated with mastitis occurrence from 0 to 30 d in lactation, metritis, and cystic ovaries. Mastitis from 0-30 d in lactation increased the risk of both mastitis from 31-150 d in lactation and cystic ovaries. Both of these increased the risk of late lactation mastitis. Milk fever was directly related with displaced abomasum, which increased the risk of footrot. In general, diseases that occurred in early lactation tended to increase the risk of other diseases later in lactation.  (+info)

Reduction in serum lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity prior to the occurrence of ketosis and milk fever in cows. (2/18)

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the enzyme responsible for production of cholesteryl esters in plasma. The LCAT activity is reduced in cows with fatty liver developed during the nonlactating stage and those with the fatty liver-related postparturient diseases such as ketosis. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether reduced LCAT activity during the nonlactating stage could be detected before the occurrence of postparturient diseases. Sera from 24 cows were collected at approximately 10-day intervals from -48 to +14 days from parturition. Of the 24 cows, 14 were apparently healthy, whereas 7 had ketosis and 3 had milk fever at around parturition. Of the 14 healthy cows, 7 had unaltered LCAT activity during the observation period, whereas 7 showed reduced activity from -20 to +14 days. Ketosis and milk fever occurred at from -3 to +10 days, but reductions of LCAT activity in diseased cows had already been observed from days -20 to 0. These results suggest that LCAT activity is virtually unaffected during the peripartum period at least in some healthy cows and also that the reduction in LCAT activity can be detected before the occurrence of ketosis and milk fever.  (+info)

Decreased concentration of serum apolipoprotein C-III in cows with fatty liver, ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, milk fever and retained placenta. (3/18)

Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a low molecular mass protein mainly distributed in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. In cows with postparturient diseases such as ketosis, concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids and apoA-I and the activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, which are mainly distributed in or functionally associated with HDL, are reduced. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the serum concentration of apoC-III was similarly decreased in the postparturient diseases. Compared with healthy controls, the apoC-III concentration was significantly (P<0.01) decreased in cows with fatty liver, ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, milk fever and retained placenta. Concentrations of apoC-III in the HDL fractions from diseased cows were also lower than in controls. Of the diseased cows, the decreased apoC-III concentration was particularly distinct in cows with milk fever. Increased nonesterified fatty acid and reduced free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and phospholipid concentrations were observed in cows with milk fever, as in the other diseased cows. The decrease in the apoC-III concentration is suggested to be closely associated with the postparturient disorders, in particular with milk fever.  (+info)

Concentrations of apolipoprotein C-III in healthy cows during the peripartum period and cows with milk fever. (4/18)

Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a low-molecular-mass protein mainly distributed in the high-density lipoprotein fraction in cattle serum. We have recently shown that the apoC-III concentration is decreased in cows with fatty liver, ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, retained placenta and milk fever. The decrease was most distinct in milk fever, thereby suggesting that apoC-III is particularly relevant to the development of milk fever and also that apoC-III is a candidate diagnostic marker for this disease. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the apoC-III concentration in healthy cows is altered during the peripartum period, to assess the usefulness of apoC-III as a marker for milk fever. ApoC-III concentrations in 17 cows were monitored during the peripartum period (-48 to +12 days from parturition). Of the 17 cows, 14 were apparently healthy during the period. The apoC-III concentrations in the 14 healthy cows were unaltered during the period from -48 to -21 days, but thereafter showed individual variations. Compared with values during the period from -48 to -21 days, the apoC-III concentration was increased (137%) in 5 cows during the period from +1 to +12 days, whereas it decreased (60.7%) in 9 cows. Three cows suffered from milk fever at -3 to +10 days. Decreased apoC-III concentrations in diseased cows (15 to 37% of controls) were more distinct than in the 9 healthy cows. The apoC-III concentration was correlated with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity in cows with milk fever, but not in healthy cows. Correlation analysis also indicated that apoC-III and apoB-100 concentrations were negatively correlated in 5 healthy cows with increased apoC-III concentrations, but positively in 9 healthy cows with decreased concentrations and cows with milk fever. Determination of the apoC-III concentration during the peripartum period is suggested to be helpful in diagnosing milk fever. The possible relevance of apoC-III and apoB-100 in the development of milk fever is also implied.  (+info)

Decreases in serum apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with milk fever and downer cows. (5/18)

Milk fever occurring during the peripartum period has been suggested to be caused by fatty liver developed during the non-lactating stage because diseased cows have increased serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and show hepatic lipidosis. In cows with fatty liver and related diseases such as ketosis, serum concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 and apoA-I are decreased. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations are similarly decreased in cows with milk fever. Apolipoprotein concentrations were also measured in cows with downer syndrome, which has been suggested to be related, at least in part, to milk fever. Compared with healthy cows during early lactation, apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations were decreased in cows with milk fever and also in downer cows. In cows with milk fever, the decreases in apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations were associated with increased NEFA and decreased cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations. However, in downer cows, serum lipid concentration changes were not as distinct as in cows with milk fever. These results, coupled with previous findings on the decreases in apoB-100 and apoA-I concentrations of cows with fatty liver-related diseases, suggest that fatty liver is involved in the development of milk fever and partly in that of downer cow syndrome.  (+info)

Relevance of apolipoproteins in the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases in dairy cows. (6/18)

Most metabolic diseases in dairy cows occur during the peripartum period and are suggested to be derived from fatty liver initially developed during the nonlactating stage. Fatty liver is induced by hepatic uptake of nonesterified fatty acids that are released in excess by adipose tissues attributable to negative energy balance. The fatty accumulation leads to impairment of lipoprotein metabolism in the liver, and the impairment in turn influences other metabolic pathways in extrahepatic tissues such as the steroid hormone production by the corpus luteum. Detailed understanding of the impaired lipoprotein metabolism is crucial for elucidation of the mechanistic bases of the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related peripartum diseases. This review summarizes results on evaluation of lipoprotein lipid and protein concentrations and enzyme activity in cows with fatty liver and those with ketosis, left displacement of the abomasum, milk fever, downer syndrome and retained placenta. Obtained data strongly suggest that decreases in serum concentrations of apolipoprotein B-100, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein C-III, a reduction in activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and induction of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A are intimately related to the development of fatty liver and fatty liver-related diseases. Moreover, determination of the apolipoprotein concentrations and enzyme activity during the peripartum period is useful for early diagnoses of these diseases.  (+info)

Milk fever control principles: a review. (7/18)

Three main preventive principles against milk fever were evaluated in this literature review, and the efficacy of each principle was estimated from the results of controlled investigations. Oral calcium drenching around calving apparently has a mean efficacy of 50%-60% in terms of milk fever prevention as well as prevention of milk fever relapse after intravenous treatment with calcium solutions. However, some drenches have been shown to cause lesions in the forestomacs. When using the DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference) principle, feeding rations with a negative DCAD (measured as (Na + K)-(Cl + S)) significantly reduce the milk fever incidence. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a mean RR between 0.19 and 0.35 when rations with a negative versus positive DCAD are compared. The main drawback from the DCAD principle is a palatability problem. The principle of feeding rations low in calcium is highly efficient in milk fever prevention provided the calcium intake in the dry period is kept below 20 g per day. Calculating the relative risk (RR) of developing milk fever from controlled experiments results in a very low mean RR (between 0 and 0.20) (daily calcium intake below versus above 20 g/d). The main problem in implementing the low-Ca principle is difficulties in formulating rations sufficiently low in calcium when using commonly available feeds. The use of large doses of vitamin D metabolites and analogues for milk fever prevention is controversial. Due to toxicity problems and an almost total lack of recent studies on the subject this principle is not described in detail. A few management related issues were discussed briefly, and the following conclusions were made: It is important to supply the periparturient cow with sufficient magnesium to fulfil its needs, and to prevent the dry cows from being too fat. Available information on the influence of carbohydrate intake, and on the effect of the length of the dry period and prepartum milking, is at present insufficient to include these factors in control programmes.  (+info)

Serum activities of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and bone specific alkaline phosphatase as indices of bone metabolism in the cow. (8/18)

The correlation between the serum hydroxyproline concentration and serum activity levels of TRAP and BALP was examined in 41 cows. The correlated coefficient (r) was 0.6391 for TRAP and 0.3147 for BALP, respectively. Judging from the significant correlation to the serum hydroxyproline concentration, serum TRAP activity is an index for bone metabolism in cows. Serum TRAP activity was therefore measured in 205 healthy cows (2-9 years old) in order to observe the changes in bone resorption with aging and milk production. TRAP levels differed slightly between group A (< or =4 yrs) and B (5 yrs< or =) at the same stage of lactation. The activity levels rose slightly at the height of lactation stage and during the dry stage.  (+info)

Parturient paresis, also known as Eclampsia or Puerperal eclampsia, is a serious condition that can occur during pregnancy or after childbirth. It is characterized by the onset of seizures (convulsions) and coma in a woman who has previously developed high blood pressure and proteinuria (protein in the urine) – a condition known as preeclampsia.

Eclampsia is considered a medical emergency, and it can lead to severe complications for both the mother and the baby if not promptly treated. The exact cause of eclampsia is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to problems with the blood vessels that supply the placenta.

Symptoms of eclampsia include high blood pressure, severe headaches, visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting, and sudden weight gain. If left untreated, eclampsia can lead to serious complications such as brain damage, stroke, kidney failure, and even death for the mother and the baby.

Treatment typically involves close monitoring of the mother and the baby, medication to control seizures and lower blood pressure, and delivery of the baby if necessary. In some cases, eclampsia may occur after the baby has been delivered, in which case it is known as postpartum eclampsia.

Paresis is a medical term that refers to a partial loss of voluntary muscle function. It is often described as muscle weakness, and it can affect one or several parts of the body. Paresis can be caused by various conditions, including nerve damage, stroke, spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, and infections like polio or botulism. The severity of paresis can range from mild to severe, depending on the underlying cause and the specific muscles involved. Treatment for paresis typically focuses on addressing the underlying condition causing it.

"Parturient Paresis in Cows - Metabolic Disorders". Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 2020-10-10. "Parturient Paresis in Sheep and ... "Parturient Paresis - an overview , ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2020-10-11. "Parturient Paresis in ... Milk fever, postparturient hypocalcemia, or parturient paresis is a disease, primarily in dairy cattle but also seen in beef ... Oetzel, G. R. (July 1988). "Parturient paresis and hypocalcemia in ruminant livestock". The Veterinary Clinics of North America ...
Learn about the veterinary topic of Parturient Paresis in Cows. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the ... Prevention of Parturient Paresis in Cows The prevention of parturient paresis has been historically approached by feeding low- ... Parturient paresis (milk fever, hypocalcemia, paresis puerperalis, parturient apoplexy) is a disease of adult dairy cows in ... Parturient Paresis in Cows (Milk Fever, Hypocalcemia, Paresis Puerperalis, Parturient Apoplexy). By ...
Learn about the veterinary topic of Parturient Paresis in Sheep and Goats. Find specific details on this topic and related ... Unlike parturient paresis in dairy cattle Parturient Paresis in Cows Parturient paresis (milk fever, hypocalcemia, paresis ... Etiology of Parturient Paresis in Sheep and Goats Parturient paresis is due to a decrease in calcium intake under conditions of ... Clinical Findings and Diagnosis of Parturient Paresis in Sheep and Goats *. Parturient paresis occurs more often around ...
"Parturient Paresis in Cows - Metabolic Disorders". Veterinary Manual. Retrieved 2020-10-10. "Parturient Paresis in Sheep and ... "Parturient Paresis - an overview , ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2020-10-11. "Parturient Paresis in ... Milk fever, postparturient hypocalcemia, or parturient paresis is a disease, primarily in dairy cattle but also seen in beef ... Oetzel, G. R. (July 1988). "Parturient paresis and hypocalcemia in ruminant livestock". The Veterinary Clinics of North America ...
Parturient paresis (milk fever)DR ANITA SEVAG. 1.1K. views•31. slides ...
For use as an aid in the treatment of hypocalcemia (parturient paresis, milk fever), hypomagnesemia (grass tetany), and other ...
Useful for everything from post-parturient paresis down cow and prolapsed uterus to surgery restraint generalized weakness ...
Parturient paresis Current Synonym true false 2163041010 Milk fever Current Synonym true false ...
Parturient Paresis Preferred Term Term UI T030482. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1975). ... Parturient Paresis Preferred Concept UI. M0015992. Scope Note. A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to ... Parturient Paresis. Tree Number(s). C22.695. Unique ID. D010319. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010319 ... A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to generalized paresis and death. The disease, which is characterized ...
Parturient Paresis Preferred Term Term UI T030482. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1975). ... Parturient Paresis Preferred Concept UI. M0015992. Scope Note. A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to ... Parturient Paresis. Tree Number(s). C22.695. Unique ID. D010319. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010319 ... A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to generalized paresis and death. The disease, which is characterized ...
Source]. 3. The disease is also called parturient paresis. The idea is simple, and gross. Dr. Catania is a board certified ...
Parturient Paresis. *Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants. *Pleuropneumonia, Contagious. *Primate Diseases. *Pseudorabies. *Pythiosis ...
Which one of the following diseases of cattle is known as Parturient paresis? ...
Effects of long-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite on incidence of parturient paresis and serum concentrations of ...
Dental Parturient Paresis Parturition Parvalbumins Parvoviridae Parvoviridae Infections Parvovirinae Parvovirus Parvovirus B19 ... Total Parenting Parents Paresis Paresthesia Pargyline Parietal Bone Parietal Cells, Gastric Parietal Lobe Parietaria Paris ...
Calcium borogluconate is for treatment of hypocalcemia also called parturient paresis and commonly called milk fever in cattle ... Calcium borogluconate is for treatment of hypocalcemia also called parturient paresis and commonly called milk fever in cattle ...
Parturient Paresis [C22.695] Parturient Paresis * Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants [C22.706] Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants ...
Parturient Paresis. *Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants. *Pleuropneumonia, Contagious. *Primate Diseases. *Pseudorabies. *Pythiosis ...
Parturient Paresis. *Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants. *Pleuropneumonia, Contagious. *Primate Diseases. *Pseudorabies. *Pythiosis ...
Parturient Paresis. *Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants. *Pleuropneumonia, Contagious. *Primate Diseases. *Pseudorabies. *Pythiosis ...
Parturient Paresis. *Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants. *Pleuropneumonia, Contagious. *Primate Diseases. *Pseudorabies. *Pythiosis ...
Parturient Paresis. *Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants. *Pleuropneumonia, Contagious. *Primate Diseases. *Pseudorabies. *Pythiosis ...
Milk Fever, Parturient paresis. *Opthalmia pink eye aansteeklike blindheid. *Polioencephalomalacia. Vit B1 deficiency ...
parturient paresis parturition passage passage kinetics passage rate passage time passive immunity ...
Dengue infection complicated by severe hemorrhage and vertical transmission in a parturient woman. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:248 ... On September 14, despite persistent lower extremity paresis, she left the hospital against medical advice. ...
... adverse reactions in parturient, fetus and neonate involve alterations of central nervous system, peripheral vascular tone and ... paresis of legs, or, in sedated patient, absent knee jerk) ...
This will be manifested within a few minutes by signs of spinal block (e.g., decreased sensation of the buttocks, paresis of ... Adverse reactions in the parturient, fetus and neonate involve alterations of the central nervous system, peripheral vascular ... Nervous System - tremor, Horners syndrome, paresis, dyskinesia, neuropathy, vertigo, coma, convulsion, hypokinesia, hypotonia ... the parturient should be maintained in the left lateral decubitus position if possible, or manual displacement of the uterus ...
  • Parturient paresis (milk fever, hypocalcemia, paresis puerperalis, parturient apoplexy) is a disease of adult dairy cows in which acute hypocalcemia causes acute to peracute, afebrile, flaccid paralysis of that occurs most commonly at or soon after parturition. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Hypocalcemia initially causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system, which typically progresses to decreased strength of muscle contractions and paresis. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Parturient paresis in pregnant and lactating ewes and does is a disturbance of metabolism characterized by acute-onset hypocalcemia and rapid development of hyperexcitability and ataxia, progressing to depression, recumbency, coma, and death. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Milk fever, postparturient hypocalcemia, or parturient paresis is a disease, primarily in dairy cattle but also seen in beef cattle and non-bovine domesticated animals, characterized by reduced blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia). (wikipedia.org)
  • For use as an aid in the treatment of hypocalcemia (parturient paresis, milk fever), hypomagnesemia (grass tetany), and other conditions associated with calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium deficiencies in cattle. (nih.gov)
  • The resultant decreased plasma calcium causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system and weakened muscle contractions, which result in both tetany and paresis. (wikipedia.org)
  • A disease of pregnant and lactating cows and ewes leading to generalized paresis and death. (nih.gov)
  • Most cases of parturient paresis occur between the onset of parturition and ~3 days after parturition. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Cows with parturient paresis have a more profound decrease in blood calcium concentration-typically below 5.5 mg/dL. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Parturient paresis is due to a decrease in calcium intake under conditions of increased calcium requirements, usually during late gestation. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The disease is also called parturient paresis. (vin.com)
  • On September 14, despite persistent lower extremity paresis, she left the hospital against medical advice. (cdc.gov)
  • Other than a left cranial nerve VI paresis, results of her neurologic examination were normal. (asahq.org)