Phaseolus
Fabaceae
Plants, Medicinal
Rhizobium tropici
Plant Lectins
Rhizobium
Plant Proteins
Plants
Lectins
Plants, Edible
Seeds
Gene Pool
Nitrogen Fixation
Symbiosis
Root Nodules, Plant
alpha-Amylases
Plant Roots
Zeatin
Plant Leaves
Leghemoglobin
Molecular Sequence Data
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
Trypsin Inhibitors
Polygalacturonase
Seed Storage Proteins
Herbaspirillum
Colletotrichum
Plant Root Nodulation
Ammonia-Lyases
Soybeans
Agricultural Inoculants
Globulins
Beetles
Hydroponics
Cotyledon
Amino Acid Sequence
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Ion channel-forming alamethicin is a potent elicitor of volatile biosynthesis and tendril coiling. Cross talk between jasmonate and salicylate signaling in lima bean. (1/396)
Alamethicin (ALA), a voltage-gated, ion channel-forming peptide mixture from Trichoderma viride, is a potent elicitor of the biosynthesis of volatile compounds in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus). Unlike elicitation with jasmonic acid or herbivore damage, the blend of substances emitted comprises only the two homoterpenes, 4,11-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene and 4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene, and methyl salicylate. Inhibition of octadecanoid signaling by aristolochic acid and phenidone as well as mass spectrometric analysis of endogenous jasmonate demonstrate that ALA induces the biosynthesis of volatile compounds principally via the octadecanoid-signaling pathway (20-fold increase of jasmonic acid). ALA also up-regulates salicylate biosynthesis, and the time course of the production of endogenous salicylate correlates well with the appearance of the methyl ester in the gas phase. The massive up-regulation of the SA-pathway (90-fold) interferes with steps in the biosynthetic pathway downstream of 12-oxophytodienoic acid and thereby reduces the pattern of emitted volatiles to compounds previously shown to be induced by early octadecanoids. ALA also induces tendril coiling in various species like Pisum, Lathyrus, and Bryonia, but the response appears to be independent from octadecanoid biosynthesis, because inhibitors of lipoxygenase and phospholipase A(2) do not prevent the coiling reaction. (+info)Cell biological changes of outer cortical root cells in early determinate nodulation. (2/396)
In the symbiosis of leguminous plants and Rhizobium bacteria, nodule primordia develop in the root cortex. This can be either in the inner cortex (indeterminate-type of nodulation) or outer cortex (determinate-type of nodulation), depending upon the host plant. We studied and compared early nodulation stages in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Lotus japonicus, both known as determinate-type nodulation plants. Special attention was paid to the occurrence of cytoplasmic bridges, the influence of rhizobial Nod factors (lipochitin oligosaccharides [LCOs]) on this phenomenon, and sensitivity of the nodulation process to ethylene. Our results show that i) both plant species form initially broad, matrix-rich infection threads; ii) cytoplasmic bridges occur in L. japonicus but not in bean; iii) formation of these bridges is induced by rhizobial LCOs; iv) formation of primordia starts in L. japonicus in the middle root cortex and in bean in the outer root cortex; and v) in the presence of the ethylene-biosynthesis inhibitor aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), nodulation of L. japonicus is stimulated when the roots are grown in the light, which is consistent with the role of cytoplasmic bridges during nodulation of L. japonicus. (+info)Two starch-branching-enzyme isoforms occur in different fractions of developing seeds of kidney bean. (3/396)
The nature and enzymic properties of starch-branching enzyme (SBE) are two of the dominant factors influencing the fine structure of starch. To understand the role of this enzyme's activity in the formation of starch in kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a study was undertaken to identify the major SBE sequences expressed during seed development and to characterize the enzymic properties of the coded recombinant enzymes. Two SBE cDNA species (designated pvsbe2 and pvsbe1) that displayed significant similarity (more than 70%) to other family A and B SBEs respectively were isolated. Northern blot analysis revealed that pvsbe1 and pvsbe2 were differentially expressed during seed development. pvsbe2 showed maximum steady-state transcript levels at the mid-stage of seed maturation, whereas pvsbe1 reached peak levels at a later stage. Western blot analysis with antisera raised against both recombinant proteins (rPvSBE1 and rPvSBE2) showed that these two SBEs were located in different amyloplast fractions of developing seeds of kidney bean. PvSBE2 was present in the soluble fraction, whereas PvSBE1 was associated with the starch granule fraction. The differences in location suggest that these two SBE isoenzymes have different roles in amylopectin synthesis in kidney bean seeds. rPvSBE1 and rPvSBE2 were purified from Escherichia coli and their kinetic properties were determined. The affinity of rPvSBE2 for amylose (K(m) 1.27 mg/ml) was lower than that of rPvSBE1 (0.46 mg/ml). The activity of rPvSBE2 was stimulated more than 3-fold in the presence of 0.3 M citrate, whereas rPvSBE1 activity was not affected. The implications of the enzymic properties and the distribution of SBEs and amylopectin structure are discussed. (+info)How the roots contribute to the ability of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to cope with chilling-induced water stress. (4/396)
Intact plants and stem-girdled plants of Phaseolus vulgaris grown hydroponically were exposed to 5 degrees C for up to 4 d; stem girdling was used to inhibit the phloem transport from the leaves to the roots. After initial water stress, stomatal closure and an amelioration of root water transport properties allowed the plants to rehydrate and regain turgor. Chilling augmented the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) content in leaves, roots and xylem sap. In intact plants stomatal closure and leaf ABA accumulation were preceded by a slight alkalinization of xylem sap, but they occurred earlier than any increase in xylem ABA concentration could be detected. Stem girdling did not affect the influence of chilling on plant water relations and leaf ABA content, but it reduced slightly the alkalinization of xylem sap and, principally, prevented the massive ABA accumulation in root tissues and the associated transport in the xylem that was observed in non-girdled plants. When the plants were defoliated just prior to chilling or after 10 h at 5 degrees C, root and xylem sap ABA concentration remained unchanged throughout the whole stress period. When the plants were chilled under conditions preventing the occurrence of leaf water deficit (i.e. at 100% relative humidity), there were no significant variations in endogenous ABA levels. The increase in root hydraulic conductance in chilled plants was a response neither to root ABA accretion, nor to some leaf-borne chemical signal transported downwards in the phloem, nor to low temperature per se, as indicated by the results of the experiments with defoliated or girdled plants and with plants chilled at 100% relative humidity. It was concluded that the root system contributed substantially to the bean's ability to cope with chilling-induced water stress, but not in an ABA-dependent manner. (+info)Canatoxin, a toxic protein from jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis), is a variant form of urease (EC 3.5.1.5): biological effects of urease independent of its ureolytic activity. (5/396)
Canatoxin is a toxic protein from Canavalia ensiformis seeds, lethal to mice (LD(50)=2 mg/kg) and insects. Further characterization of canatoxin showed that its main native form (184 kDa) is a non-covalently linked dimer of a 95 kDa polypeptide containing zinc and nickel. Partial sequencing of internal peptides indicated homology with urease (EC 3.5.1.5) from the same seed. Canatoxin has approx. 30% of urease's activity for urea, and K(m) of 2-7 mM. The proteins differ in their affinities for metal ions and were separated by affinity chromatography on a Zn(2+) matrix. Similar to canatoxin, urease activates blood platelets and interacts with glycoconjugates. In contrast with canatoxin, no lethality was seen in mice injected with urease (10 mg/kg). Pretreatment with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate irreversibly abolished the ureolytic activity of both proteins. On the other hand, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate-treated canatoxin was still lethal to mice, and both treated proteins were fully active in promoting platelet aggregation and binding to glycoconjugates. Taken together, our data indicate that canatoxin is a variant form of urease. Moreover, we show for the first time that these proteins display several biological effects that are unrelated to their enzymic activity for urea. (+info)Regional localization of suspensor mRNAs during early embryo development. (6/396)
We investigated gene activity within the giant embryos of the scarlet runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) to gain understanding of the processes by which the apical and basal cells become specified to follow different developmental pathways after division of the zygote. We identified two mRNAs, designated G564 and C541, that accumulate specifically within the suspensor of globular-stage embryos. G564 mRNA accumulates uniformly throughout the suspensor, whereas C541 mRNA accumulates to a higher level within the large basal cells of the suspensor that anchor the embryo to the surrounding seed tissue. Both G564 and C541 mRNAs begin to accumulate shortly after fertilization and are present within the two basal cells of embryos at the four-cell stage. In contrast, at the same stage, these mRNAs are not detectable within the two descendants of the apical cell. Nor are they detectable within cells of the embryo sac before fertilization, including the egg cell. We used a G564/beta-glucuronidase reporter gene to show that the G564 promoter is activated specifically within the basal region and suspensor of preglobular tobacco embryos. Analysis of the G564 promoter identified a sequence domain required for transcription within the suspensor that contains several copies of a conserved motif. These results show that derivatives of the apical and basal cells transcribe different genes as early as the four-cell stage of embryo development and suggest that the apical and basal cells are specified at the molecular level after division of the zygote. (+info)Sucrose phosphate synthase activity rises in correlation with high-rate cellulose synthesis in three heterotrophic systems. (7/396)
Based on work with cotton fibers, a particulate form of sucrose (Suc) synthase was proposed to support secondary wall cellulose synthesis by degrading Suc to fructose and UDP-glucose. The model proposed that UDP-glucose was then channeled to cellulose synthase in the plasma membrane, and it implies that Suc availability in cellulose sink cells would affect the rate of cellulose synthesis. Therefore, if cellulose sink cells could synthesize Suc and/or had the capacity to recycle the fructose released by Suc synthase back to Suc, cellulose synthesis might be supported. The capacity of cellulose sink cells to synthesize Suc was tested by analyzing the Suc phosphate synthase (SPS) activity of three heterotrophic systems with cellulose-rich secondary walls. SPS is a primary regulator of the Suc synthesis rate in leaves and some Suc-storing, heterotrophic organs, but its activity has not been previously correlated with cellulose synthesis. Two systems analyzed, cultured mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans L. var. Envy and etiolated hypocotyls of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), contained differentiating tracheary elements. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala SJ-1) fibers were also analyzed during primary and secondary wall synthesis. SPS activity rose in all three systems during periods of maximum cellulose deposition within secondary walls. The Z. elegans culture system was manipulated to establish a tight linkage between the timing of tracheary element differentiation and rising SPS activity and to show that SPS activity did not depend on the availability of starch for degradation. The significance of these findings in regard to directing metabolic flux toward cellulose will be discussed. (+info)Regulation of gene expression in response to oxygen in Rhizobium etli: role of FnrN in fixNOQP expression and in symbiotic nitrogen fixation. (8/396)
Previously, we reported finding duplicated fixNOQP operons in Rhizobium etli CFN42. One of these duplicated operons is located in the symbiotic plasmid (fixNOQPd), while the other is located in a cryptic plasmid (fixNOQPf). Although a novel FixL-FixKf regulatory cascade participates in microaerobic expression of both fixNOQP duplicated operons, we found that a mutation in fixL eliminates fixNOQPf expression but has only a moderate effect on expression of fixNOQPd. This suggests that there are differential regulatory controls. Interestingly, only the fixNOQPd operon was essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (L. Girard, S. Brom, A. Davalos, O. Lopez, M. Soberon, and D. Romero, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13:1283-1292, 2000). Searching for potential candidates responsible for the differential expression, we characterized two fnrN homologs (encoding transcriptional activators of the cyclic AMP receptor protein [CRP]-Fnr family) in R. etli CFN42. One of these genes (fnrNd) is located on the symbiotic plasmid, while the other (fnrNchr) is located on the chromosome. Analysis of the expression of the fnrN genes using transcriptional fusions with lacZ showed that the two fnrN genes are differentially regulated, since only fnrNd is expressed in microaerobic cultures of the wild-type strain while fnrNchr is negatively controlled by FixL. Mutagenesis of the two fnrN genes showed that both genes participate, in conjunction with FixL-FixKf, in the microaerobic induction of the fixNOQPd operon. Participation of these genes is also seen during the symbiotic process, in which mutations in fnrNd and fnrNchr, either singly or in combination, lead to reductions in nitrogen fixation. Therefore, R. etli employs a regulatory circuit for induction of the fixNOQPd operon that involves at least three transcriptional regulators of the CRP-Fnr family. This regulatory circuit may be important for ensuring optimal production of the cbb(3), terminal oxidase during symbiosis. (+info)"Phaseolus" is a term that refers to a genus of plants in the legume family Fabaceae, also known as the pea family. The most common and well-known species in this genus is "Phaseolus vulgaris," which is commonly called the common bean. This includes many familiar varieties such as kidney beans, black beans, navy beans, pinto beans, and green beans.
These plants are native to the Americas and have been cultivated for thousands of years for their edible seeds (beans) and pods (green beans). They are an important source of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals in many diets around the world.
It's worth noting that "Phaseolus" is a taxonomic term used in the scientific classification of plants, and it does not have a specific medical definition. However, the beans from these plants do have various health benefits and potential medicinal properties, such as being associated with reduced risk of heart disease, improved gut health, and better blood sugar control.
Fabaceae is the scientific name for a family of flowering plants commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family. This family includes a wide variety of plants that are important economically, agriculturally, and ecologically. Many members of Fabaceae have compound leaves and produce fruits that are legumes, which are long, thin pods that contain seeds. Some well-known examples of plants in this family include beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, clover, and alfalfa.
In addition to their importance as food crops, many Fabaceae species have the ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that live in nodules on their roots. This makes them valuable for improving soil fertility and is one reason why they are often used in crop rotation and as cover crops.
It's worth noting that Fabaceae is sometimes still referred to by its older scientific name, Leguminosae.
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
Rhizobium tropici is a gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-spore forming bacteria that belongs to the Rhizobiaceae family. It has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in a symbiotic relationship with certain leguminous plants, particularly beans and other tropical legumes. The bacterium infects the roots of these plants and forms nodules where it converts nitrogen gas into ammonia, which is then used by the plant for growth. Rhizobium tropici is known for its ability to survive in a wide range of temperatures and soil conditions, making it an important contributor to sustainable agriculture in tropical regions.
Plant lectins are proteins or glycoproteins that are abundantly found in various plant parts such as seeds, leaves, stems, and roots. They have the ability to bind specifically to carbohydrate structures present on cell membranes, known as glycoconjugates. This binding property of lectins is reversible and non-catalytic, meaning it does not involve any enzymatic activity.
Lectins play several roles in plants, including defense against predators, pathogens, and herbivores. They can agglutinate red blood cells, stimulate the immune system, and have been implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Some lectins also exhibit mitogenic activity, which means they can stimulate the proliferation of certain types of cells.
In the medical field, plant lectins have gained attention due to their potential therapeutic applications. For instance, some lectins have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties and are being investigated as potential cancer treatments. However, it is important to note that some lectins can be toxic or allergenic to humans and animals, so they must be used with caution.
Rhizobium is not a medical term, but rather a term used in microbiology and agriculture. It refers to a genus of gram-negative bacteria that can fix nitrogen from the atmosphere into ammonia, which can then be used by plants as a nutrient. These bacteria live in the root nodules of leguminous plants (such as beans, peas, and clover) and form a symbiotic relationship with them.
The host plant provides Rhizobium with carbon sources and a protected environment within the root nodule, while the bacteria provide the plant with fixed nitrogen. This mutualistic interaction plays a crucial role in maintaining soil fertility and promoting plant growth.
While Rhizobium itself is not directly related to human health or medicine, understanding its symbiotic relationship with plants can have implications for agricultural practices, sustainable farming, and global food security.
Rhizobium etli is a gram-negative, aerobic, motile, non-spore forming bacteria that belongs to the Rhizobiaceae family. It has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in a symbiotic relationship with certain leguminous plants, particularly common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). This bacterium infects the roots of these plants and forms nodules where it converts nitrogen gas into ammonia, a form that can be used by the plant for growth. The nitrogen-fixing ability of Rhizobium etli makes it an important bacteria in agriculture and environmental science.
"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.
Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.
Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.
I apologize for any confusion, but "plants" is not a term that has a medical definition. The term "plants" refers to a large and diverse group of organisms that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, which is the process of converting sunlight into chemical energy. Plants are typically characterized by having cells with cell walls containing cellulose, chloroplasts containing the pigment chlorophyll, and the ability to synthesize their own food through photosynthesis.
In a medical or biological context, you might be thinking of "plant-based" or "phytomedicine," which refer to the use of plants or plant extracts as a form of medicine or treatment. Phytomedicines have been used for thousands of years in many traditional systems of medicine, and some plant-derived compounds have been found to have therapeutic benefits in modern medicine as well. However, "plants" itself does not have a medical definition.
Lectins are a type of proteins that bind specifically to carbohydrates and have been found in various plant and animal sources. They play important roles in biological recognition events, such as cell-cell adhesion, and can also be involved in the immune response. Some lectins can agglutinate certain types of cells or precipitate glycoproteins, while others may have a more direct effect on cellular processes. In some cases, lectins from plants can cause adverse effects in humans if ingested, such as digestive discomfort or allergic reactions.
Edible plants are those that can be safely consumed by humans and other animals as a source of nutrition. They have various parts (such as fruits, vegetables, seeds, roots, stems, and leaves) that can be used for food after being harvested and prepared properly. Some edible plants have been cultivated and domesticated for agricultural purposes, while others are gathered from the wild. It is important to note that not all plants are safe to eat, and some may even be toxic or deadly if consumed. Proper identification and knowledge of preparation methods are crucial before consuming any plant material.
In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.
It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.
A gene pool refers to the total sum of genes contained within a population of interbreeding individuals of a species. It includes all the variations of genes, or alleles, that exist in that population. The concept of a gene pool is important in understanding genetic diversity and how traits are passed down from one generation to the next.
The size and diversity of a gene pool can have significant implications for the long-term survival and adaptability of a species. A larger and more diverse gene pool can provide a species with greater resistance to diseases, environmental changes, and other threats, as there is a wider variety of traits and genetic combinations available. On the other hand, a smaller or less diverse gene pool may make a species more susceptible to genetic disorders, reduced fitness, and extinction.
Geneticists and population biologists often study gene pools to understand the evolutionary history and dynamics of populations, as well as to inform conservation efforts for endangered species.
Nitrogen fixation is a process by which nitrogen gas (N2) in the air is converted into ammonia (NH3) or other chemically reactive forms, making it available to plants and other organisms for use as a nutrient. This process is essential for the nitrogen cycle and for the growth of many types of plants, as most plants cannot utilize nitrogen gas directly from the air.
In the medical field, nitrogen fixation is not a commonly used term. However, in the context of microbiology and infectious diseases, some bacteria are capable of fixing nitrogen and this ability can contribute to their pathogenicity. For example, certain species of bacteria that colonize the human body, such as those found in the gut or on the skin, may be able to fix nitrogen and use it for their own growth and survival. In some cases, these bacteria may also release fixed nitrogen into the environment, which can have implications for the ecology and health of the host and surrounding ecosystems.
In the context of medicine and biology, symbiosis is a type of close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms. Generally, one organism, called the symbiont, lives inside or on another organism, called the host. This interaction can be mutually beneficial (mutualistic), harmful to the host organism (parasitic), or have no effect on either organism (commensal).
Examples of mutualistic symbiotic relationships in humans include the bacteria that live in our gut and help us digest food, as well as the algae that live inside corals and provide them with nutrients. Parasitic symbioses, on the other hand, involve organisms like viruses or parasitic worms that live inside a host and cause harm to it.
It's worth noting that while the term "symbiosis" is often used in popular culture to refer to any close relationship between two organisms, in scientific contexts it has a more specific meaning related to long-term biological interactions.
Root nodules in plants refer to the specialized structures formed through the symbiotic relationship between certain leguminous plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, most commonly belonging to the genus Rhizobia. These nodules typically develop on the roots of the host plant, providing an ideal environment for the bacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a form that can be directly utilized by the plant for growth and development.
The formation of root nodules begins with the infection of the plant's root hair cells by Rhizobia bacteria. This interaction triggers a series of molecular signals leading to the differentiation of root cortical cells into nodule primordia, which eventually develop into mature nodules. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria reside within these nodules in membrane-bound compartments called symbiosomes, where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through an enzyme called nitrogenase.
The plant, in turn, provides the bacteria with carbon sources and other essential nutrients required for their growth and survival within the nodules. The fixed nitrogen is then transported from the root nodules to other parts of the plant, enhancing its overall nitrogen nutrition and promoting sustainable growth without the need for external nitrogen fertilizers.
In summary, root nodules in plants are essential structures formed through symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, allowing leguminous plants to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form while also benefiting the environment by reducing the reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizers.
Alpha-amylases are a type of enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars like maltose, maltotriose, and glucose. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in these complex carbohydrates, making them more easily digestible.
Alpha-amylases are produced by various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. In humans, alpha-amylases are primarily produced by the salivary glands and pancreas, and they play an essential role in the digestion of dietary carbohydrates.
Deficiency or malfunction of alpha-amylases can lead to various medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, and genetic disorders like congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency. On the other hand, excessive production of alpha-amylases can contribute to dental caries and other oral health issues.
A plant root is not a medical term per se, but it is a term from botany, which is the study of plants. However, I can certainly provide a definition for you.
Plant roots are the underground organs of a plant that typically grow downward into the soil. They serve several important functions, including:
1. Anchorage: Roots help to stabilize the plant and keep it upright in the ground.
2. Absorption: Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, which are essential for the plant's growth and development.
3. Conduction: Roots conduct water and nutrients up to the above-ground parts of the plant, such as the stem and leaves.
4. Vegetative reproduction: Some plants can reproduce vegetatively through their roots, producing new plants from root fragments or specialized structures called rhizomes or tubers.
Roots are composed of several different tissues, including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissue. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the root, which secretes a waxy substance called suberin that helps to prevent water loss. The cortex is the middle layer of the root, which contains cells that store carbohydrates and other nutrients. The endodermis is a thin layer of cells that surrounds the vascular tissue and regulates the movement of water and solutes into and out of the root. The vascular tissue consists of xylem and phloem, which transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Zeatin is not a medical term per se, but it is a significant compound in the field of plant biology and agriculture. It is a type of cytokinin, which is a class of hormones that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Specifically, zeatin is involved in cell division, differentiation, and delaying senescence (aging) in plants.
In a broader biological context, understanding the functions of phytohormones like zeatin can have implications for agricultural practices and crop management, which may indirectly impact human health through improved food production and quality.
I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.
Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.
Leghemoglobin is a type of protein known as a hemeprotein, found in the root nodules of leguminous plants (plants belonging to the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae). These root nodules are formed through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Rhizobia.
The primary function of leghemoglobin is to facilitate the process of nitrogen fixation by maintaining an optimal oxygen concentration within the root nodule cells, where the Rhizobia reside. By binding and releasing oxygen reversibly, leghemoglobin protects the nitrogen-fixing enzyme, nitrogenase, from being inactivated by excess oxygen. This ensures that the Rhizobia can effectively convert atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3), which is then utilized by the plant for its growth and development.
In summary, leghemoglobin is a crucial protein in the process of biological nitrogen fixation, allowing leguminous plants to grow without the need for added nitrogen fertilizers.
Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.
Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) is a enzyme that catalyzes the non-oxidative deamination of phenylalanine to trans-cinamic acid, releasing ammonia in the process. This reaction is a key step in the biosynthesis of various aromatic compounds in plants and microorganisms. In humans, PAL is not normally present, but its introduction through gene therapy has been studied as a potential treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU), a genetic disorder characterized by an inability to metabolize phenylalanine properly, leading to its accumulation in the body and potential neurological damage.
"Prosopis" is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. It includes several species of spiny trees and shrubs that are native to arid and semi-arid regions of America, Africa, and Asia. Some common names for Prosopis species include mesquite, algarrobo, and jand. These plants are known for their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, making them valuable for improving soil fertility in areas where they grow. They also produce seed pods that are a valuable food source for wildlife and humans in some regions. However, Prosopis species can also be invasive in some areas, outcompeting native vegetation and altering ecosystems.
Trypsin inhibitors are substances that inhibit the activity of trypsin, an enzyme that helps digest proteins in the small intestine. Trypsin inhibitors can be found in various foods such as soybeans, corn, and raw egg whites. In the case of soybeans, trypsin inhibitors are denatured and inactivated during cooking and processing.
In a medical context, trypsin inhibitors may be used therapeutically to regulate excessive trypsin activity in certain conditions such as pancreatitis, where there is inflammation of the pancreas leading to the release of activated digestive enzymes, including trypsin, into the pancreas and surrounding tissues. By inhibiting trypsin activity, these inhibitors can help reduce tissue damage and inflammation.
Polygalacturonase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glycosidic linkages in polygalacturonic acid, which is a major component of pectin in plant cell walls. This enzyme is involved in various processes such as fruit ripening, plant defense response, and pathogenesis by breaking down the pectin, leading to softening and breakdown of plant tissues. It is also used in industrial applications for fruit juice extraction, tea fermentation, and textile processing.
Seed storage proteins are a group of proteins that accumulate in the seeds of plants during their development and serve as a source of nitrogen, sulfur, and energy for the germinating embryo. They are typically rich in certain amino acids, such as proline, glutamine, and arginine, and are classified into several types based on their solubility properties.
The main types of seed storage proteins include:
1. Albumins: These are water-soluble proteins that are present in the embryo of the seed.
2. Globulins: These are salt-soluble proteins that are found in protein bodies within the seed's endosperm. They are further classified into two types, 11S and 7S globulins, based on their sedimentation coefficients.
3. Prolamins: These are alcohol-soluble proteins that are also found in the endosperm of seeds. They are rich in proline and glutamine and are often referred to as "storage proteins" because they constitute a significant portion of the seed's protein content. Examples include zein in corn, gliadin in wheat, and hordein in barley.
4. Glutelins: These are acid- or alkali-soluble proteins that are also found in the endosperm of seeds. They are typically insoluble in water, salt, and alcohol.
Seed storage proteins have important nutritional and agricultural significance. For example, they are a major source of protein for human consumption and animal feed, and their composition can affect the nutritional quality and processing properties of cereal grains and legumes. Additionally, seed storage proteins have been studied as potential allergens and as targets for genetic modification in crop plants to improve their nutritional value and yield.
"Herbaspirillum" is a genus of bacteria that are commonly found in the roots and stems of various plants. They are capable of fixing nitrogen, which can benefit the growth of the host plant. These bacteria are Gram-negative, motile rods that can be curved or spiraled in shape. They are facultative anaerobes, meaning they can grow with or without oxygen. Some species of Herbaspirillum have been associated with plant diseases, but their exact role in the disease process is not always clear. Further research is needed to fully understand the interactions between these bacteria and their host plants.
'Colletotrichum' is a genus of fungi that are known to cause various plant diseases, including anthracnose. These fungi are characterized by the production of specialized structures called acervuli, which produce conidia (asexual spores) in a slimy matrix. The conidia are often dispersed by rainwater and splashing, leading to the spread of the disease. Some species of Colletotrichum can also cause diseases in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
"Melilotus" is the genus name for a group of plants commonly known as sweet clover or melilot. These plants are part of the Fabaceae family, which includes legumes. While "Melilotus" itself is not a medical term, some of its species have been used in traditional medicine and may be mentioned in medical literature.
The two most common species are Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover) and Melilotus albus (white sweet clover). The plants contain coumarin derivatives, which can have anticoagulant properties. However, it is essential to note that consuming large amounts of these plants or their extracts can lead to adverse effects, including bleeding disorders.
In a medical context, "Melilotus" may be mentioned in relation to its potential medicinal uses, side effects, or interactions with other medications. Still, it is not considered a standard pharmaceutical drug or a widely accepted medical treatment. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any plant or herbal remedy for medicinal purposes.
Plant root nodulation is a type of symbiotic relationship between certain plants (mostly legumes) and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobia species. This process involves the formation of specialized structures called nodules on the roots of the host plant. The bacteria inhabit these nodules and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a form of nitrogen that plants can use for growth. In return, the plant provides the bacteria with carbon sources and a protected environment for growth. This mutualistic relationship helps improve soil fertility and promotes sustainable agriculture.
Ammonia-lyases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the removal of an amino group from a substrate, releasing ammonia in the process. These enzymes play important roles in various biological pathways, including the biosynthesis and degradation of various metabolites such as amino acids, carbohydrates, and aromatic compounds.
The reaction catalyzed by ammonia-lyases typically involves the conversion of an alkyl or aryl group to a carbon-carbon double bond through the elimination of an amine group. This reaction is often reversible, allowing the enzyme to also catalyze the addition of an amino group to a double bond.
Ammonia-lyases are classified based on the type of substrate they act upon and the mechanism of the reaction they catalyze. Some examples of ammonia-lyases include aspartate ammonia-lyase, which catalyzes the conversion of aspartate to fumarate, and tyrosine ammonia-lyase, which converts tyrosine to p-coumaric acid.
These enzymes are important in both plant and animal metabolism and have potential applications in biotechnology and industrial processes.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "soybeans" are not a medical term. They are a type of legume that is commonly used in agriculture and food production. The medical community might discuss soybeans in the context of nutrition or allergies, but there isn't a formal medical definition for this term.
Here's some general information: Soybeans, scientifically known as Glycine max, are native to East Asia and are now grown worldwide. They are a significant source of plant-based protein and oil. Soybeans contain various nutrients, including essential amino acids, fiber, B vitamins, and minerals like calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. They are used in various food products such as tofu, soy milk, tempeh, and miso. Additionally, soybeans are also used in the production of industrial products, including biodiesel, plastics, and inks. Some people may have allergic reactions to soybeans or soy products.
A plant disease is a disorder that affects the normal growth and development of plants, caused by pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or nematodes, as well as environmental factors like nutrient deficiencies, extreme temperatures, or physical damage. These diseases can cause various symptoms, including discoloration, wilting, stunted growth, necrosis, and reduced yield or productivity, which can have significant economic and ecological impacts.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material present in the cells of all living organisms, including plants. In plants, DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell, as well as in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Plant DNA contains the instructions for the development, growth, and function of the plant, and is passed down from one generation to the next through the process of reproduction.
The structure of DNA is a double helix, formed by two strands of nucleotides that are linked together by hydrogen bonds. Each nucleotide contains a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, forming the rungs of the ladder that make up the double helix.
The genetic information in DNA is encoded in the sequence of these nitrogenous bases. Large sequences of bases form genes, which provide the instructions for the production of proteins. The process of gene expression involves transcribing the DNA sequence into a complementary RNA molecule, which is then translated into a protein.
Plant DNA is similar to animal DNA in many ways, but there are also some differences. For example, plant DNA contains a higher proportion of repetitive sequences and transposable elements, which are mobile genetic elements that can move around the genome and cause mutations. Additionally, plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, which are not present in animal cells, and these structures contain their own DNA.
Agricultural inoculants are biological products that contain beneficial microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, which are applied to seeds, soil, or plant surfaces to enhance plant growth, increase yield, and improve resistance to pests and diseases. These microorganisms form a mutually beneficial relationship with the plants, known as symbiosis, in which they help the plants absorb nutrients from the soil, fix nitrogen, and produce phytohormones that promote root growth and development.
Examples of agricultural inoculants include Rhizobia bacteria, which form nodules on the roots of leguminous plants and convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia that can be used by the plant; mycorrhizal fungi, which colonize plant roots and help them absorb water and nutrients from the soil; and Trichoderma fungi, which protect plants from pathogens and promote growth.
Agricultural inoculants are considered an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides, as they improve crop productivity while reducing the negative impacts on the environment and human health.
Globulins are a type of protein found in blood plasma, which is the clear, yellowish fluid that circulates throughout the body inside blood vessels. They are one of the three main types of proteins in blood plasma, along with albumin and fibrinogen. Globulins play important roles in the immune system, helping to defend the body against infection and disease.
Globulins can be further divided into several subcategories based on their size, electrical charge, and other properties. Some of the major types of globulins include:
* Alpha-1 globulins
* Alpha-2 globulins
* Beta globulins
* Gamma globulins
Gamma globulins are also known as immunoglobulins or antibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system to help fight off infections and diseases. There are five main classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class of immunoglobulin has a different function in the body's defense mechanisms.
Abnormal levels of globulins can be indicative of various medical conditions, such as liver disease, kidney disease, or autoimmune disorders. Therefore, measuring the levels of different types of globulins in the blood is often used as a diagnostic tool to help identify and monitor these conditions.
"Beetles" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to insects belonging to the order Coleoptera, which is one of the largest orders in the class Insecta. Beetles are characterized by their hardened forewings, known as elytra, which protect their hind wings and body when not in use for flying.
There are many different species of beetles found all over the world, and some can have an impact on human health. For example, certain types of beetles, such as bed bugs and carpet beetles, can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some people. Other beetles, like the Colorado potato beetle, can damage crops and lead to economic losses for farmers. However, it is important to note that most beetles are not harmful to humans and play an essential role in ecosystems as decomposers and pollinators.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "hydroponics" is not a medical term. It is an agricultural technique and term. Hydroponics refers to the practice of growing plants in nutrient-rich water solutions, without soil. This method allows plants to obtain their necessary nutrients directly from the water, which is enriched with dissolved minerals. Common hydroponic systems include wick systems, deep water culture, nutrient film technique, ebb and flow system, aeroponics, and drip systems.
A gene in plants, like in other organisms, is a hereditary unit that carries genetic information from one generation to the next. It is a segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that contains the instructions for the development and function of an organism. Genes in plants determine various traits such as flower color, plant height, resistance to diseases, and many others. They are responsible for encoding proteins and RNA molecules that play crucial roles in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants. Plant genes can be manipulated through traditional breeding methods or genetic engineering techniques to improve crop yield, enhance disease resistance, and increase nutritional value.
A cotyledon is a seed leaf in plants, which is part of the embryo within the seed. Cotyledons are often referred to as "seed leaves" because they are the first leaves to emerge from the seed during germination and provide nutrients to the developing plant until it can produce its own food through photosynthesis.
In some plants, such as monocotyledons, there is only one cotyledon, while in other plants, such as dicotyledons, there are two cotyledons. The number of cotyledons is a characteristic that is used to classify different types of plants.
Cotyledons serve important functions during the early stages of plant growth, including providing energy and nutrients to the developing plant, protecting the embryo, and helping to anchor the seed in the soil. Once the plant has established its root system and begun to produce true leaves through photosynthesis, the cotyledons may wither or fall off, depending on the species.
An amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids in a protein or peptide molecule, formed by the linking of the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid to the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid through a peptide bond. The sequence is determined by the genetic code and is unique to each type of protein or peptide. It plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins.
'Rhizobium leguminosarum' is a species of bacteria that can form nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of certain leguminous plants, such as clover, peas, and beans. These bacteria have the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, a form of nitrogen that plants can use for growth. This process, known as biological nitrogen fixation, benefits both the bacteria and the host plant, as the plant provides carbon sources to the bacteria, while the bacteria provide fixed nitrogen to the plant. The formation of this symbiotic relationship is facilitated by a molecular signaling process between the bacterium and the plant.
It's important to note that 'Rhizobium leguminosarum' is not a medical term per se, but rather a term used in microbiology, botany, and agriculture.
Gene expression regulation in plants refers to the processes that control the production of proteins and RNA from the genes present in the plant's DNA. This regulation is crucial for normal growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli in plants. It can occur at various levels, including transcription (the first step in gene expression, where the DNA sequence is copied into RNA), RNA processing (such as alternative splicing, which generates different mRNA molecules from a single gene), translation (where the information in the mRNA is used to produce a protein), and post-translational modification (where proteins are chemically modified after they have been synthesized).
In plants, gene expression regulation can be influenced by various factors such as hormones, light, temperature, and stress. Plants use complex networks of transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and small RNAs to regulate gene expression in response to these signals. Understanding the mechanisms of gene expression regulation in plants is important for basic research, as well as for developing crops with improved traits such as increased yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance.
Phaseolus
Phaseolus dumosus
Phaseolus polystachios
Phaseolus rimbachii
Phaseolus ritensis
Phaseolus pauciflorus
Phaseolus trilobus
Phaseolus acutifolius
Phaseolus filiformis
Phaseolus maculatus
Phaseolus harmsianus
Phaseolus coccineus
Phaseolus angustissimus
Phaseolus rosei
Phaseolus vulgaris
Callosobruchus phaseoli
Xanthomonas phaseoli
Rhizobium phaseoli
Megachile phaseoli
Tylenchorhynchus phaseoli
List of leaf vegetables
Lima bean
George Hill (agronomist)
Flora of Malta
List of Bohol flora and fauna
List of trifoliate plants
Feijoada
Navy bean
List of sequenced plant genomes
Pernil Alto
Phaseolus - Wikipedia
Dragon Tongue - Bush Bean - Phaseolus vulgaris | Proven Winners
Phaseolus lunatus in Flora of Missouri @ efloras.org
Rattlesnake Pole Bean (65 days, Heirloom) Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris ( Buckskin Bush Bean ) : Backyard Gardener
Phaseolus vulgaris ( Matador Snap Bean ) - Backyard Gardener
Lectins: Phaseolus Vulgaris Leucoagglutinin (PHA-L), Unconjugated
Diversidade genética entre acessos cultivados de feijão comum (Phaseolus vulgaris...
SEINet Portal Network - Phaseolus angustissimus
Review: The potential of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a vehicle for iron biofortification
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli Kendrick et Snyder - 42145 | ATCC
Corticoamygdaloid and corticocortical projections of the rat temporal cortex: a Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin study
Phaseolus vulgaris L. G15932
Frontiers | Analysis of genes that are differentially expressed during the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-Phaseolus vulgaris...
Phaseolus vulgaris 'Provider' - Web page Navigation - Provider Bush Beans
Differential proteomic analysis of drought stress response in leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) | Nofima
Phaseolus Vulgaris In Al Mirfa, Phaseolus Vulgaris Manufacturers Suppliers Al Mirfa
In silico identification and characterisation of putative differentially expressed genes involved in common bean (Phaseolus...
Inheritance of Resistance to Fusarium solani f.sp. Phaseoli in Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Breeding Strategy to Transfer...
Phosphorus use efficiency in common bean (|i|Phaseolus vulgaris|/i| L.) as related to compatibility of association among...
Citations: Effect of Salt Stress on α-amylase Activity, Sugars Mobilization and Osmotic Potential of Phaseolus vulgaris L....
Phaseolus sordidus Salisb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
High-quality permanent draft genome sequence of Ensifer meliloti strain 4H41, an effective salt- and drought-tolerant...
Formulation of a highly effective inoculant for common bean based on an autochthonous elite strain of rhizobium leguminosarum...
AID 1087434 - Phytotoxicity against Phaseolus vulgaris (cranberry beans) assessed as plant height at 2232 g a.i./ha applied pre...
Pole Bean 'Neckar Queen' (Phaseolus vulgaris) | The Delicious | Vegetables | Beans - Samen & Saatgut
Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. extract (Common bean) | Natural Compounds | MedChemExpress
Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) | The Good-To-Know | Seeds A-Z | Seed catalog P - Samen & Saatgut
Phaseolus Similiaplex | Pascoe Natural Healthcare
Phaseolus vulgaris - Useful Tropical Plants
Fabaceae2
- Phaseolus (bean, wild bean) is a genus of herbaceous to woody annual and perennial vines in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mesoamerica. (wikipedia.org)
- Phaseolus vulgaris , known as common bean and French bean, in the family Fabaceae or Leguminosae , is a herbaceous annual plant whose pods can grow to 60 centimetres tall. (godmotherbooks.com)
Beans2
- Beans (Phaseolus ssp. (wikipedia.org)
- Phaseolus vulgaris is grown worldwide for its edible dry seeds or unripe fruit, both commonly called beans. (godmotherbooks.com)
Coccineus2
- Fasolea Phaseolus coccineus - 6 sem - 4 lei Fasolea Phaseolus coccineus cu Pastaia lunga, cu floare rosie. (gradinatahobby.ro)
- Fasolea Phaseolus coccineus este un soi rezistent care datorita florilor rosi se. (gradinatahobby.ro)
Genus3
- The modern understanding of Phaseolus indicates a genus endemic only to the New World. (wikipedia.org)
- Taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of the genus Phaseolus (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) in North America, Mexico and Central America. (wikipedia.org)
- See who else has plants in genus Phaseolus . (amazonaws.com)
Vigna3
- For example, older literature refers to the mung bean as Phaseolus aureus, whereas more modern sources classify it as Vigna radiata. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly, the snail bean Vigna caracalla was discovered in 1753 and in 1970 moved from Phaseolus to Vigna. (wikipedia.org)
- Cissé M., Doué G. G., Yao W. K., Zoué T. L. . Kinetics Approach on the Evolution of the Nutritive Properties, Antinutritonal Factors and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of DPPH during Germination of Two Local Legume Varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna unguiculata). (who.int)
Lunatus2
- Phaseolus lunatus Linn. (efloras.org)
- Phaseolus lunatus L. (asu.edu)
Word phaseolus1
- The Latin word phaseolus is often incorrectly glossed as 'kidney bean', a New World crop. (wikipedia.org)
Vulgaris Leucoagglutinin1
- The projections of the rat temporal cortex to the amygdala and cerebral cortex were studied using the sensitive anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. (nih.gov)
Seeds1
- Citations: Effect of Salt Stress on α-amylase Activity, Sugars Mobilization and Osmotic Potential of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seeds Var. (scialert.net)
Multiflorus2
- Gibberellin A1 is a growth-promoting acids isolated from immature seed of Phaseolus multiflorus. (medchemexpress.com)
- Phaseolus multiflorus Willd. (asu.edu)
Species3
- Phaseolus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including common swift, garden dart, ghost moth Hypercompe albicornis, H. icasia and the nutmeg. (wikipedia.org)
- Phaseolus species are characterized by being twining vines with tri-foliate leaves and flowers with a keel petal that is curled inward. (swbiodiversity.org)
- The tripartite symbiosis of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) 147 with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was assessed in sand culture by comparing the effects of three AMF species on the mycorrhizal root colonization, rhizobial nodulation, plant growth and phosphorus use efficiency for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. (ajol.info)
Legume1
- Ensifer meliloti 4H41 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). (doe.gov)
Differentially expressed2
- In this study, a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library approach was used for the identification of pathogen and plant genes that were differentially expressed during infection of the susceptible cultivar BRS Pérola of Phaseolus vulgaris L. A total of 979 unigenes (430 contigs and 549 singletons) were obtained and classified according to their functional categories. (frontiersin.org)
- In silico identification and characterisation of putative differentially expressed genes involved in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed development. (wallonie.be)
Common5
- Diversity analysis in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), based on morphological traits and molecular markers, has revealed the existence of two major gene pools, the Mesoamerican and Andean pools, which differ in several features, including the grain morphology and physiology. (usp.br)
- Differential proteomic analysis of drought stress response in leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. (nofima.no)
- See who else is growing Phaseolus vulgaris (Common garden bean) . (amazonaws.com)
- nov., a biological control bacterium isolated from the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop in Sinaloa, Mexico. (bvsalud.org)
- Strain FSQ1T was isolated from the rhizosphere of the common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crop sampled in a commercial field located in the Gabriel Leyva Solano community , which belongs to the Guasave municipality ( state of Sinaloa, Mexico ). (bvsalud.org)
Linn1
- Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. (medchemexpress.com)
Cucurbita1
- Zea mays, Cucurbita pepo, Phaseolus vulgaris). (cdc.gov)
Plants1
- Phaseolus L. Plants of the World Online. (wikipedia.org)
Extract1
- Silverline Chemicals is one of the prominent Phaseolus Vulgaris Manufacturers in India that extract Phaseolus Vulgaris from different parts of the plant, including leaves, bark, flowers, twigs, and fruits, by the process of steam/hydro distillation. (silverlinechemicals.com)
Family1
- Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin is the name ascribed to a family of lectins, each of which consists of four subunits. (vectorlabs.com)
Page1
- You can visit our Phaseolus vulgaris page or browse the pictures using the next and previous links. (amazonaws.com)
Origin1
- The generic name Phaseolus was introduced by Linnaeus in 1753, from the Latin phaseolus, a diminutive of phasēlus, in turn borrowed from Greek φάσηλος 'cowpea', of unknown origin. (wikipedia.org)
Health benefits1
- Here is the list of various health benefits of Phaseolus Vulgaris that makes it the choice of all. (silverlinechemicals.com)
Resources1
- Our manufacturing unit is equipped with excellent manufacturing resources that help us process and pack Phaseolus Vulgaris following hygienic practices. (silverlinechemicals.com)
Technology1
- Our Phaseolus Vulgaris is further packed conventionally using modern technology. (silverlinechemicals.com)
Black1
- Soyasaponin Af (Acetyl-soyasaponin A2) is a saponin isolated from Black bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed coats. (medchemexpress.com)