Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.
Pathological conditions resulting from abnormal anabolism or catabolism of lipids in the body.
Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)
A polypeptide hormone (84 amino acid residues) secreted by the PARATHYROID GLANDS which performs the essential role of maintaining intracellular CALCIUM levels in the body. Parathyroid hormone increases intracellular calcium by promoting the release of CALCIUM from BONE, increases the intestinal absorption of calcium, increases the renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and increases the renal excretion of phosphates.
Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)
Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.
Pathological conditions in which the BLOOD GLUCOSE cannot be maintained within the normal range, such as in HYPOGLYCEMIA and HYPERGLYCEMIA. Etiology of these disorders varies. Plasma glucose concentration is critical to survival for it is the predominant fuel for the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.
Inorganic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.

Effects of partial and total colectomy on mineral and acid-base homoeostasis in the rat: magnesium deficiency, hyperphosphaturia and osteopathy, in the presence of high serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D but normal parathyroid hormone. (1/41)

The effects of colectomy on acid-base status, extra-osseous and bone minerals, calciotropic hormones and bone morphology have not yet been studied. To rectify this, groups of normally fed male rats were subjected to distal (n=11), proximal (n=12) or total (n=12) colectomy. Sham-operated rats (n=12) served as controls. At 112 (+/-2) days after colectomy the following changes were noted: (1) weight gain was delayed; (2) faecal excretion of calcium and phosphorus was normal, whereas that of magnesium was increased; (3) intestinal calcium secretion and absorption of calcium and phosphorus were normal, but magnesium absorption was decreased; (4) urinary excretion of magnesium was also decreased, that of phosphorus was increased, and that of pyridinium and deoxypyridinium tended to be high; (5) the serum levels of ionized magnesium, total calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone were normal, while that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was markedly elevated; and (6) bone magnesium and phosphorus content were decreased, but bone calcium was normal, and thus the bone calcium/phosphorus ratio was high. These abnormalities were associated with moderate metabolic acidosis, as reflected by high urinary ammonium, low citrate and low total CO(2), but normal blood gases. Significant structural abnormalities of bone were not detectable, but trabecular bone tended to show rarefication. Distal colectomy had the least effect, whereas proximal and total colectomies had a distinct effect, on these parameters. It is concluded that colectomy in the rat causes: (1) a syndrome of magnesium deficiency of intestinal origin, compensated metabolic acidosis, urinary phosphorus loss, and high circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, with the degree depending on the extent of surgical resection; and (2) brittle bones, a feature characteristic of low bone magnesium and more generalized magnesium deficiency. The mechanisms leading to this syndrome are unknown, but altered tissue levels of magnesium and phosphorus may play a key role.  (+info)

Calcium acetate versus calcium carbonate in the control of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. (2/41)

CONTEXT: Hyperphosphatemia has an important role in the development of bone and mineral abnormalities in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). OBJECTIVE: To compare the phosphorus binding power and the hypercalcemic effect of calcium acetate and calcium carbonate in hemodialysis patients. TYPE OF STUDY: Crossover, randomized, double-blind study. PLACE: A private hospital dialysis center. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-two patients who were undergoing regular hemodialysis three times a week ([Ca++] dialysate = 3.5 mEq/L). PROCEDURES: Half of the patients were started on 5.6 g/day of calcium acetate and, after a 2 week washout period, received 6.2 g/day of calcium carbonate. The other half followed an inverse protocol. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Clinical interviews were conducted 3 times a week to monitor for side effects. Determinations of serum urea, calcium, phosphorus, hematocrit, Kt/V and blood gas analysis were obtained before and after each treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients completed the study. A significant increase in calcium plasma levels was only observed after treatment with calcium carbonate [9.34 mg/dl (SD 0.91) vs. 9.91 mg/dl (SD 0.79), P < 0.01]. The drop in phosphorus levels was substantial and significant for both salts [5.64 mg/dl (SD 1.54) vs. 4.60 mg/dl (SD 1.32), P < 0.01 and 5.89 mg/dl (SD 1.71) vs. 4.56 mg/dl (SD 1.57), P < 0.01, for calcium acetate and calcium carbonate respectively]. The percentage reduction in serum phosphorus (at the end of the study) per milliequivalent of salt administered per day tended to be higher with calcium acetate but statistical significance was not found. CONCLUSION: Calcium acetate can be a good alternative to calcium carbonate in the handling of hyperphosphatemia in ESRD patients. When calcium acetate is used, control of hyperphosphatemia can be achieved with a lower administration of calcium, perhaps with a lower risk of hypercalcemia.  (+info)

Management of hyperphosphataemia of chronic kidney disease: lessons from the past and future directions. (3/41)

A historical look at research in hyperphosphataemia of chronic kidney disease over the last 40 years shows remarkable advances in our understanding of this abnormality and in the technology used to manage it. Phosphate binders, which have become a mainstay in the management of hyperphosphataemia, have evolved from the early use of aluminium gels to calcium salts, to novel, non-absorbed, aluminium-free, calcium-free agents such as sevelamer hydrochloride, and to magnesium-, iron-, and lanthanum-based compounds. With recent advances, clinical management of this complication of chronic renal disease is evolving from adequate care to optimal care, such that new standards in phosphorous management are being set, and various parameters of patient care are being integrated to optimize outcomes and minimize side effects. This paper provides a historical view of the clinical management of hyperphosphataemia, and looks to advances in treatment that are changing the course of renal bone disease management.  (+info)

A prospective study of combination therapy for hyperphosphataemia with calcium-containing phosphate binders and sevelamer in hypercalcaemic haemodialysis patients. (4/41)

INTRODUCTION: Hyperphosphataemia is predictive of death, in haemodialysis (HD) patients. Sevelamer is a mineral-free phosphate binder not limited by the hypercalcaemia often encountered when utilizing calcium-containing phosphate binders. Highly positive calcium balance is associated with ectopic calcification and potentially accelerated vascular disease. Unfortunately, exclusive use of sevelamer entails a large cost differential, limiting its use in many centres. We report on a strategy of partial replacement of calcium with sevelamer for the management of hyperphosphataemia in hypercalcaemic chronic HD patients. METHODS: We identified 23 HD patients with serum calcium >2.6 mmol/l. Dietary phosphate and calcium intake were assessed and baseline serum calcium, phosphate and 1alpha calcidol and elemental calcium dose recorded. Fifty per cent of this initial calcium dose was exchanged for sevelamer. Vitamin D doses were left unchanged. If serum calcium was still >2.6 mmol/l after 4 weeks a further 50% of calcium was exchanged. If serum phosphate was >2 mmol/l the sevelamer dose was increased by 25%. The patients were followed up for a further 4 weeks. RESULTS: Seven patients complained of gastrointestinal intolerance of sevelamer. Serum calcium fell from a mean value of 2.8+/-0.04 (2.64-3.54) mmol/l to 2.56+/-0.03 (2.4-2.9) mmol/l, P<0.0005. The hypercalcaemic percentage of patients fell from 100 to 26%. Mean serum phosphate was not significantly changed, 1.59+/-0.1 (0.57-2.6) mmol/l to 1.63+/-0.11 (0.55-2.68) mmol/l, 17-22% of patients having serum phosphate >2 mmol/l. Serum intact parathyroid hormone increased from 166+/-47 (12-933) ng/l to 276+/-104 (20-1013) ng/l, P=0.02. Mean sevelamer dose was 2.77+/-0.36 (0-5.6) g per day. Elemental calcium dose fell from 2.05+/-0.23 (0.5-4.5) g to 1.03+/-0.1 (0.5-2.5) g, P<0.0001. CONCLUSION: A regimen based on the combination of sevelamer and calcium is capable of effectively managing hyperphosphataemia, without hypercalcaemia, in the majority of hypercalcaemic HD patients. Such a minimally calcaemic approach might reduce the financial burden of sevelamer therapy, and enable a wider range of patients to be treated.  (+info)

Hyperphosphataemia as a cardiovascular risk factor -- how to manage the problem. (5/41)

Hyperphosphataemia is a frequent and important cardiovascular risk factor in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). High phosphate levels may influence vascular calcifications by two separate mechanisms: by worsening secondary hyperparathyroidism, which in turn facilitates calcification, and by promoting calcium phosphate deposition in pre-formed endothelial plaques and in the arterial wall. Recent studies have shown that hyperphosphataemia induces the proliferation and differentiation of endothelial vascular cells into osteoblast-like cells, promoting vascular calcification. High phosphate levels also increase the risk of mortality in patients with CKD. To reduce the negative impact of high phosphate, serum phosphate levels should be <5 mg/dl and serum calcium <10 mg/dl. This allows the calcium x phosphate product to be maintained at < or =50 mg(2)/dl(2), reducing the risk of vascular, valvular, and extraskeletal calcification. A multiple-factor approach can be used to reduce serum phosphate: (i). decrease bone resorption by maintaining adequate serum parathyroid hormone levels; (ii). reduce phosphorous intake in the diet, (iii). use phosphate binders efficiently; and (iv). avoid under-dialysis. The patient's diet should be high in nutrition but with the lowest possible phosphorous content. Doses of phosphate binders should be tailored to individual dietary habits and must be taken during meals in a dose proportional to the phosphorous content of the meal. Because of the risk of increased extraskeletal calcification, calcium-containing phosphate-binder intake should not exceed 2-3 g/day. Sevelamer hydrochloride, a non-calcium and non-aluminium phosphate binder with a potency similar to that of calcium salts has shown beneficial effects on lipid profiles. Better control of serum phosphate is achieved in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis than in those on haemodialysis. Removal of phosphate is directly correlated with duration and frequency of dialysis sessions. Thus, it is advisable not to reduce the duration of dialysis sessions to <4 h three times per week.  (+info)

Decreased absorption of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus by humans due to increased fiber and phosphorus consumption as wheat bread. (6/41)

During a 20 day period of high fiber consumption in the form of bread made partly from wheaten wholemeal, two men developed negative balances of calcium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus due to increased fecal excretion of each element. The fecal losses correlated closely with fecal dry matter and phosphorus. Fecal dry matter, in turn, was directly proportional to fecal fiber excretion. Balances of nitrogen remained positive. Mineral elements were well-utilized by the same subjects during a 20-day period of white bread consumption.  (+info)

Molecular targets of hyperphosphataemia in chronic renal failure. (7/41)

Dietary phosphate restriction can prevent or retard the progress of chronic renal failure (CRF) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The klotho gene is involved in the development of a syndrome resembling human ageing, and klotho mutant mice show abnormal calcium/vitamin D metabolism, developing hyperphosphataemia and vascular calcification. Phosphate retention rescues the phenotype of klotho mice. The level of expression of klotho RNA was greatly reduced in the kidneys of all CRF patients. Dietary P(i) restriction induced klotho expression, which enhances the beneficial effect of P(i) restriction in patients with CRF and/or on haemodialysis.  (+info)

Hyperphosphataemia and treatment with sevelamer in haemodialysis patients. (8/41)

More than 60% of patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD) have a serum phosphate level above 5.5 mg/dl (1.75 mmol/l), which recently has been recommended as an appropriate target in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Preventing hyperphosphataemia and elevated Ca x P product not only ameliorates the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone disease, but also appears to reduce cardio-vascular morbidity and mortality from vascular calcifications. Dietary phosphate restriction and the administration of aluminium and calcium salts have been the principal means of phosphate control over the last decade. Unfortunately, the protean disturbances of toxic aluminium accumulation in the body virtually eliminated aluminium from clinical practice. Calcium-based therapy, although well tolerated, results in frequent hypercalcaemia when administered concurrently with vitamin D analogues, despite a decrease in the concentration of dialysate calcium. Sevelamer (Renagel((R))) has been a novel, non-absorbable calcium- and aluminium-free synthetic polymer. In initial studies, sevelamer reduced serum phosphate, Ca x P product and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in a manner comparable with calcium acetate therapy. However, the effect on PTH levels may prove to be inconsistent. It seems somewhat less effective in binding phosphate than aluminium, although no direct comparisons have been made. In a recent study, it attenuated the progression of vascular calcification in HD patients. It also binds bile acids, resulting in substantially lower low-density lipo-protein cholesterol levels. The major obstacle to its current use is a substantial increase in the cost associated with sevelamer therapy.  (+info)

Phosphorus metabolism disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the body's ability to properly regulate the levels and utilization of phosphorus. Phosphorus is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in many biological processes, including energy production, bone formation, and nerve function.

Disorders of phosphorus metabolism can result from genetic defects, kidney dysfunction, vitamin D deficiency, or other medical conditions. These disorders can lead to abnormal levels of phosphorus in the blood, which can cause a range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, bone pain, seizures, and respiratory failure.

Examples of phosphorus metabolism disorders include:

1. Hypophosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by low levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by various factors, such as malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, and kidney dysfunction.
2. Hyperphosphatemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of phosphorus in the blood. It can be caused by kidney failure, tumor lysis syndrome, and certain medications.
3. Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets: This is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to regulate vitamin D and phosphorus metabolism. It can lead to weakened bones and skeletal deformities.
4. Oncogenic osteomalacia: This is a rare condition that occurs when tumors produce substances that interfere with phosphorus metabolism, leading to bone pain and weakness.

Treatment for phosphorus metabolism disorders depends on the underlying cause of the disorder and may include dietary changes, supplements, medications, or surgery.

Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is required by every cell in the body for normal functioning. It is a key component of several important biomolecules, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of energy for cells, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), which are the genetic materials in cells.

Phosphorus is also a major constituent of bones and teeth, where it combines with calcium to provide strength and structure. In addition, phosphorus plays a critical role in various metabolic processes, including energy production, nerve impulse transmission, and pH regulation.

The medical definition of phosphorus refers to the chemical element with the atomic number 15 and the symbol P. It is a highly reactive non-metal that exists in several forms, including white phosphorus, red phosphorus, and black phosphorus. In the body, phosphorus is primarily found in the form of organic compounds, such as phospholipids, phosphoproteins, and nucleic acids.

Abnormal levels of phosphorus in the body can lead to various health problems. For example, high levels of phosphorus (hyperphosphatemia) can occur in patients with kidney disease or those who consume large amounts of phosphorus-rich foods, and can contribute to the development of calcification of soft tissues and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, low levels of phosphorus (hypophosphatemia) can occur in patients with malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or alcoholism, and can lead to muscle weakness, bone pain, and an increased risk of infection.

Lipid metabolism disorders are a group of conditions that result from abnormalities in the breakdown, transport, or storage of lipids (fats) in the body. These disorders can lead to an accumulation of lipids in various tissues and organs, causing them to function improperly.

There are several types of lipid metabolism disorders, including:

1. Hyperlipidemias: These are conditions characterized by high levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood. They can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis.
2. Hypercholesterolemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, in the blood. It can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
3. Hypocholesterolemias: These are conditions characterized by low levels of cholesterol in the blood. Some of these disorders may be associated with an increased risk of cancer and neurological disorders.
4. Hypertriglyceridemias: These are conditions characterized by high levels of triglycerides in the blood. They can increase the risk of pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease.
5. Lipodystrophies: These are conditions characterized by abnormalities in the distribution of body fat, which can lead to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and high levels of triglycerides.
6. Disorders of fatty acid oxidation: These are conditions that affect the body's ability to break down fatty acids for energy, leading to muscle weakness, liver dysfunction, and in some cases, life-threatening neurological complications.

Lipid metabolism disorders can be inherited or acquired, and their symptoms and severity can vary widely depending on the specific disorder and the individual's overall health status. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medications, and dietary modifications to help manage lipid levels and prevent complications.

Calcium metabolism disorders refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the body's ability to properly regulate the levels of calcium in the blood and tissues. Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a critical role in many bodily functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, nerve function, and blood clotting.

There are several types of calcium metabolism disorders, including:

1. Hypocalcemia: This is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by various factors such as vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and certain medications. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, spasms, and tingling sensations in the fingers and toes.
2. Hypercalcemia: This is a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood. It can be caused by various factors such as hyperparathyroidism, cancer, and certain medications. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, confusion, and kidney stones.
3. Osteoporosis: This is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones due to low calcium levels in the bones. It can be caused by various factors such as aging, menopause, vitamin D deficiency, and certain medications. Symptoms may include bone fractures and loss of height.
4. Paget's disease: This is a condition characterized by abnormal bone growth and deformities due to disordered calcium metabolism. It can be caused by various factors such as genetics, age, and certain medications. Symptoms may include bone pain, fractures, and deformities.

Treatment for calcium metabolism disorders depends on the underlying cause of the condition. It may involve supplements, medication, dietary changes, or surgery. Proper diagnosis and management are essential to prevent complications such as kidney stones, bone fractures, and neurological damage.

Metabolic diseases are a group of disorders caused by abnormal chemical reactions in your body's cells. These reactions are part of a complex process called metabolism, where your body converts the food you eat into energy.

There are several types of metabolic diseases, but they most commonly result from:

1. Your body not producing enough of certain enzymes that are needed to convert food into energy.
2. Your body producing too much of certain substances or toxins, often due to a genetic disorder.

Examples of metabolic diseases include phenylketonuria (PKU), diabetes, and gout. PKU is a rare condition where the body cannot break down an amino acid called phenylalanine, which can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. Diabetes is a common disorder that occurs when your body doesn't produce enough insulin or can't properly use the insulin it produces, leading to high blood sugar levels. Gout is a type of arthritis that results from too much uric acid in the body, which can form crystals in the joints and cause pain and inflammation.

Metabolic diseases can be inherited or acquired through environmental factors such as diet or lifestyle choices. Many metabolic diseases can be managed with proper medical care, including medication, dietary changes, and lifestyle modifications.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a polypeptide hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels in the body. It is produced and secreted by the parathyroid glands, which are four small endocrine glands located on the back surface of the thyroid gland.

The primary function of PTH is to maintain normal calcium levels in the blood by increasing calcium absorption from the gut, mobilizing calcium from bones, and decreasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. PTH also increases phosphate excretion by the kidneys, which helps to lower serum phosphate levels.

In addition to its role in calcium and phosphate homeostasis, PTH has been shown to have anabolic effects on bone tissue, stimulating bone formation and preventing bone loss. However, chronic elevations in PTH levels can lead to excessive bone resorption and osteoporosis.

Overall, Parathyroid Hormone is a critical hormone that helps maintain mineral homeostasis and supports healthy bone metabolism.

Iron metabolism disorders are a group of medical conditions that affect the body's ability to absorb, transport, store, or utilize iron properly. Iron is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including oxygen transportation and energy production. However, imbalances in iron levels can lead to several health issues.

There are two main types of iron metabolism disorders:

1. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA): This condition occurs when the body lacks adequate iron to produce sufficient amounts of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Causes of IDA may include inadequate dietary iron intake, blood loss, or impaired iron absorption due to conditions like celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease.
2. Hemochromatosis: This is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in various organs, including the liver, heart, and pancreas. Over time, this excess iron can lead to organ damage and diseases such as cirrhosis, heart failure, diabetes, and arthritis. Hemochromatosis is typically caused by mutations in the HFE gene, which regulates iron absorption in the intestines.

Other iron metabolism disorders include:

* Anemia of chronic disease (ACD): A type of anemia that occurs in individuals with chronic inflammation or infection, where iron is not efficiently used for hemoglobin production due to altered regulation.
* Sideroblastic anemias: These are rare disorders characterized by the abnormal formation of ringed sideroblasts (immature red blood cells containing iron-laden mitochondria) in the bone marrow, leading to anemia and other symptoms.
* Iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA): A rare inherited disorder caused by mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene, resulting in impaired regulation of hepcidin, a hormone that controls iron absorption and distribution in the body. This leads to both iron deficiency and iron overload.

Proper diagnosis and management of iron metabolism disorders are essential to prevent complications and maintain overall health. Treatment options may include dietary modifications, iron supplementation, phlebotomy (bloodletting), or chelation therapy, depending on the specific disorder and its severity.

Phosphates, in a medical context, refer to the salts or esters of phosphoric acid. Phosphates play crucial roles in various biological processes within the human body. They are essential components of bones and teeth, where they combine with calcium to form hydroxyapatite crystals. Phosphates also participate in energy transfer reactions as phosphate groups attached to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Additionally, they contribute to buffer systems that help maintain normal pH levels in the body.

Abnormal levels of phosphates in the blood can indicate certain medical conditions. High phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia) may be associated with kidney dysfunction, hyperparathyroidism, or excessive intake of phosphate-containing products. Low phosphate levels (hypophosphatemia) might result from malnutrition, vitamin D deficiency, or certain diseases affecting the small intestine or kidneys. Both hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia can have significant impacts on various organ systems and may require medical intervention.

Glucose metabolism disorders are a group of conditions that result from abnormalities in the body's ability to produce, store, or use glucose, which is a simple sugar that serves as the primary source of energy for the body's cells. These disorders can be categorized into two main types: those caused by insufficient insulin production (such as type 1 diabetes) and those caused by impaired insulin action (such as type 2 diabetes).

In healthy individuals, glucose is absorbed from food during digestion and enters the bloodstream. The pancreas responds to this increase in blood glucose levels by releasing insulin, a hormone that signals cells throughout the body to take up glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy production or storage.

Glucose metabolism disorders can disrupt this process at various stages, leading to high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) or low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). Some common examples of these disorders include:

1. Diabetes Mellitus: A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production, impaired insulin action, or both. Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells that produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin secretion.
2. Gestational Diabetes: A form of high blood glucose that develops during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that impair insulin action.
3. Prediabetes: A condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be classified as diabetes.
4. Hypoglycemia: Abnormally low blood glucose levels, which can result from certain medications, hormonal deficiencies, or other medical conditions.
5. Glycogen Storage Diseases: A group of rare inherited metabolic disorders that affect the body's ability to store and break down glycogen, a complex carbohydrate that serves as an energy reserve in muscles and the liver.
6. Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): A group of monogenic forms of diabetes caused by mutations in specific genes involved in insulin secretion or action.
7. Glucose Galactose Malabsorption: An inherited disorder that impairs the absorption of glucose and galactose, leading to severe diarrhea, dehydration, and high blood glucose levels.
8. Fructose Intolerance: A condition where the body cannot metabolize fructose properly due to a deficiency in the enzyme aldolase B, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, and high blood glucose levels.

Calcium is an essential mineral that is vital for various physiological processes in the human body. The medical definition of calcium is as follows:

Calcium (Ca2+) is a crucial cation and the most abundant mineral in the human body, with approximately 99% of it found in bones and teeth. It plays a vital role in maintaining structural integrity, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, hormonal secretion, blood coagulation, and enzyme activation.

Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated through the interplay of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D. Dietary calcium intake, absorption, and excretion are also critical factors in maintaining optimal calcium levels in the body.

Hypocalcemia refers to low serum calcium levels, while hypercalcemia indicates high serum calcium levels. Both conditions can have detrimental effects on various organ systems and require medical intervention to correct.

Dietary Phosphorus is a mineral that is an essential nutrient for human health. It is required for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, including bones and teeth. Phosphorus is also necessary for the production of energy, the formation of DNA and RNA, and the regulation of various physiological processes.

In the diet, phosphorus is primarily found in protein-containing foods such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, legumes, and nuts. It can also be found in processed foods that contain additives such as phosphoric acid, which is used to enhance flavor or as a preservative.

The recommended daily intake of phosphorus for adults is 700 milligrams (mg) per day. However, it's important to note that excessive intake of phosphorus, particularly from supplements and fortified foods, can lead to health problems such as kidney damage and calcification of soft tissues. Therefore, it's recommended to obtain phosphorus primarily from whole foods rather than supplements.

Phosphorus compounds refer to chemical substances that contain phosphorus (P) combined with one or more other elements. Phosphorus can form a variety of compounds due to its ability to exist in several oxidation states, most commonly +3 and +5.

In biological systems, phosphorus is an essential element for life, playing crucial roles in energy transfer, metabolism, and structural components of cells. Some common examples of phosphorus compounds include:

1. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4): A weak triprotic acid that forms salts called phosphates when combined with metal ions or basic radicals.
2. Phosphates (PO4^3-): The salt or ester form of phosphoric acid, widely found in nature and essential for various biological processes such as bone formation, energy metabolism, and nucleic acid synthesis.
3. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5): A pungent, white crystalline solid used in organic chemistry as a chlorinating agent.
4. Phosphorus trichloride (PCl3): A colorless liquid with a suffocating odor, used in the production of various chemical compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
5. Dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO4): A calcium salt of phosphoric acid, commonly found in mineral supplements and used as a dietary supplement for animals and humans.
6. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): A high-energy molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells, playing a critical role in metabolic processes such as muscle contraction and biosynthesis.

Phosphorus compounds have numerous applications across various industries, including agriculture, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and chemical manufacturing.

"Association of Level Oo GFR with Bone Disease And Disorders of Calcium And Phosphorus Metabolism". NKF K/DOQI Guidelines. ... Osteitis fibrosa cystica (/ˌɒstiˈaɪtɪs faɪˈbroʊsə ˈsɪstɪkə/ OSS-tee-EYE-tis fy-BROH-sə SIS-tik-ə) is a skeletal disorder ... Disorders such as familial hyperparathyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN Type 1) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw ... MEN Type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common hereditary form of hyperparathyroidism, affecting about 95% of ...
Lui S, Chu H (1943). "Studies in calcium and phosphorus metabolism with special reference to pathogenesis and effects of ... CKD-MBD is defined as a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination ... It is one measure of the skeletal component of the systemic disorder of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD- ... of the following: 1) abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus, PTH, or vitamin D metabolism; 2) abnormalities in bone turnover, ...
Changes in mineral and bone metabolism that may cause 1) abnormalities of calcium, phosphorus (phosphate), parathyroid hormone ... CKD-mineral and bone disorders have been associated with poor outcomes. Metabolic acidosis may result from decreased capacity ... or vitamin D metabolism; 2) abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, linear growth, or strength (kidney ...
... metabolism disorders Malabsorption syndromes Metabolic syndrome X Inborn error of metabolism Mitochondrial diseases Phosphorus ... Disorders of calcium metabolism DNA repair-deficiency disorders Glucose metabolism disorders Hyperlactatemia Iron metabolism ... Hur, Kyu Yeon; Lee, Myung-Shik (2015-06-01). "Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorders". Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. 39 (3): ... Metabolic disorder screening can be done in newborns via blood, skin, or hearing tests. Metabolic disorders can be treatable by ...
His research interests broadened to include the study of clinical disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, vitamin D ... In 1956 he was appointed Professor of Human Metabolism at UCH. In 1954 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal College of ... From 1946, his career focused on several inborn errors of metabolism. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British ... Charles Enrique Dent, CBE, FRCP, FRS (25 August 1911 - 19 September 1976) was a British professor of human metabolism at ...
... phosphorus (phosphate), parathyroid hormone, or vitamin D metabolism Abnormalities in bone turnover, mineralization, volume, ... It represents a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD manifested by either one or a combination of the ... Numerous cohort studies have shown associations between disorders of mineral metabolism and fractures, cardiovascular disease, ... The principal conclusion was that the term CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) should now be used to describe the broader ...
... stenosis or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy abnormal calcium-phosphorus metabolism Chronic kidney disease/ESRD genetic disorders ...
Fukumoto S (2008). "Physiological regulation and disorders of phosphate metabolism--pivotal role of fibroblast growth factor 23 ... "Fibroblast growth factor 23 impairs phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism in vivo and suppresses 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha- ... Endocrinology and Metabolism. 285 (1): E1-9. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00016.2003. PMID 12791601. Fukagawa M, Nii-Kono T, Kazama JJ ( ... FGF23 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family which participates in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism and ...
The Significance to Clinical Medicine of Studies in Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism 1931 MacDonald Critchley, The neurology ... "The Coulstonian Lectures ON SOME DISORDERS OF THE BLOOD AND BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS IN EARLY LIFE". The Lancet. 163 (4210): 1253- ... "Goulstonian Lectures ON SOME WASTING DISORDERS OF EARLY INFANCY". The Lancet. 203 (5251): 793-800. 1924. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736 ... 1909 Alfred E. Russell, Some Disorders of the Cerebral Circulation and Their Clinical Manifestations[citation needed] 1910 ...
... metabolism such as hyperphosphatemia are included in the definition of the new chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder ... Isakova T, Gutiérrez OM, Chang Y, Shah A, Tamez H, Smith K, Thadhani R, Wolf M (February 2009). "Phosphorus binders and ... As a consequence of the decreased dietary phosphate absorption, serum phosphorus concentrations are reduced. The chewability of ... iron-based phosphate binder used for the control of serum phosphorus levels in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on ...
... bone development that is usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.[ ... Skeletal disorders, All stub articles, Musculoskeletal disease stubs). ...
... use disorder is one of the causes of fatty liver due to production of toxic metabolites like aldehydes during metabolism of ... phosphorus, mushroom poisoning) Other celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, HIV, hepatitis C (especially genotype 3), and ... Defects in fatty acid metabolism are responsible for pathogenesis of FLD, which may be due to imbalance in energy consumption ... Reddy JK, Rao MS (May 2006). "Lipid metabolism and liver inflammation. II. Fatty liver disease and fatty acid oxidation". ...
Clinically, phosphorus NMR excels because it detects all metabolites playing key roles in tissue energy metabolism and can ... Several causes of this include ischemia, hypoxia, mitochondrial disorders, and some types of tumors. Myo-inositol: with its ... 102-104 in vivo 19F MRS can be used to monitor the uptake and metabolism of drugs, study the metabolism of anesthetic, ... It has also been used to study the metabolism of other organs such as muscles. In the case of muscles, NMR is used to measure ...
Memory disorder may be permanent. In patients suspected of WE, thiamine treatment should be started immediately. Blood should ... Lipid metabolism, necessary for myelin production. Amino acid modification. Probably linked to the production of taurine, of ... Other supplements may also be needed, including: cobalamin, ascorbic acid, folic acid, nicotinamide, zinc, phosphorus ( ... If glucose is given, such as in people with an alcohol use disorder who are also hypoglycaemic, thiamine must be given ...
In veterinary practice, rickets, osteodystrophy and mineral metabolism disorders are diagnosed using an ultrasound ... Rickets may be diagnosed with the help of: Blood tests: Serum calcium may show low levels of calcium, serum phosphorus may be ... Diagnosis is generally based on blood tests finding a low calcium, low phosphorus, and a high alkaline phosphatase together ... Cochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders Group) (April 2020). "Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium ...
Drugs that may interact with paricalcitol include: Ketoconazole, as it may interfere with paricalcitol's metabolism in the ... of breath Nose bleed Cough Rectal haemhorrhage Colitis Gastritis Indigestion Difficulty swallowing Gastrointestinal disorder ... calcium and phosphorus levels. ...
Ishihara H, Massaro DJ, Heath EC (1968). "The metabolism of L-fucose. 3. The enzymatic synthesis of beta-L-fucose 1-phosphate ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups ( ... "Pathogenic Variants in Fucokinase Cause a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation". American Journal of Human Genetics. 103 (6): ... Fucokinase is commonly abbreviated as fuc-K. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism. Fucokinase is the ...
Restricting phosphorus has been proven to decrease the progression of CKD. This is because phosphorus can be deposited into ... "Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism". Journal of Animal ... Deficiencies result in disorders of the skin and poor immune functioning. When zinc is supplemented in diets, skin scaliness ... This difference in metabolism is due to very low levels of activity of the enzyme B-carotene 15, 15' dioxygenase in feline ...
... s are also increasingly used in medicine to treat disorders associated with bone formation and calcium metabolism. ... Some bacteria use phosphonates as a phosphorus source for growth. Aminophosphonates can also be used as sole nitrogen source by ... Wiemer, AJ; Hohl, RJ; Wiemer, DF (June 2009). "The intermediate enzymes of isoprenoid metabolism as anticancer targets". Anti- ... Phosphonates feature tetrahedral phosphorus centers. They are structurally closely related to (and often prepared from) ...
Insufficient nutritional quantities or faulty metabolism of vitamin D or phosphorus Renal tubular acidosis Malnutrition during ... Protrusio acetabuli, a hip joint disorder Prevention of osteomalacia rests on having an adequate intake of vitamin D and ... Osteomalacia is a disease characterized by the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to ... The impairment of bone metabolism causes inadequate bone mineralization. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and ...
Disorders of the Parathyroid Gland and Calcium Homeostasis". In Longo DL, Kasper DL, Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Loscalzo ... Calcitonin lowers blood calcium and phosphorus mainly through its inhibition of osteoclasts. Osteoblasts do not have calcitonin ... The hormone participates in calcium (Ca2+) metabolism. In many ways, calcitonin counteracts parathyroid hormone (PTH) and ... Calcitonin has clinically been used for metabolic bone disorders for more than 50 years. Salmon calcitonin is used for the ...
Imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels can result in various skeletal complications. Excess phosphorus can produce lesions ... Vitamins such as A and D also have crucial roles in bone development and maintenance by regulating bone and calcium metabolism ... Musculoskeletal disorders are debilitating conditions that are often associated with genetic makeup, malnutrition, and stress- ... Furthermore, the ratio of calcium and phosphorus must be balanced and at a recommended ratio of 1.2:1 to ensure proper bone ...
Thus, this disorder most often occurs in females. While phosphate diabetes is typically inherited through X-linked dominant ... In addition, increased levels of FGF23 would affect vitamin D metabolism and inhibit the action of vitamin D. Vitamin D needs ... "Phosphorus in diet". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 2023-04-13. Viktorovich VV ... Phosphate diabetes that results from mutations in the PHEX gene is an X-linked dominant disorder, where the mutated gene is ...
Phosphorus can reduce elemental iodine to hydroiodic acid, which is a reagent effective for reducing ephedrine or ... Wu T, Liu GJ, Li P, Clar C (2002). Wu T (ed.). "Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders". The Cochrane Database ... Felig P, Frohman LA (2001). "Endemic Goiter". Endocrinology & metabolism. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-022001-0. " ... The simplest organoiodine compounds, alkyl iodides, may be synthesised by the reaction of alcohols with phosphorus triiodide; ...
Arthritis is a disorder of the joints. It involves inflammation of one or more joints. When affected by arthritis, the joint or ... The bone matrix can store calcium and is involved in calcium metabolism, and bone marrow can store iron in ferritin and is ... Hydroxyapatite is in turn composed of 39.8% of calcium, 41.4% of oxygen, 18.5% of phosphorus, and 0.2% of hydrogen by mass. ... There are many classified skeletal disorders. One of the most common is osteoporosis. Also common is scoliosis, a side-to-side ...
Potassium and phosphorus are important macronutrients for crops but are often deficient in the field. Very little is known ... In eukaryotic cells, AMPK serves as a key cellular energy sensor and a master regulator of metabolism to maintain energy ... When balanced improperly, obesity and its accompanying disorders can result. Zagorski, Nick. "Nutrient Sensing, Signaling, & ... Metabolism, and Cell Growth Control" (PDF). Molecular Cell. 49 (3): 379-387. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2013.01.019. PMC 3587157. ...
Sulfur and phosphorus are required for all life. Phosphorus almost exclusively exists as phosphate and its various esters. ... The metabolism of mercury- and arsenic-containing compounds involves cobalamin-based enzymes. Biomineralization is the process ... Lithium carbonate has been used to treat the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Gold antiarthritic drugs, e.g. auranofin have ... Physiology Cofactor Iron metabolism Stephen J. Lippard, Jeremy M. Berg, Principles of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University ...
"Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison Between DSM-IV and DSM-5". November 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2015. Schuckit, MA (27 November ... Alcohol is a by-product of yeast metabolism and is toxic to the yeast in higher concentrations; typical brewing yeast cannot ... phosphorus, biotin, chromium and B vitamins. Beer is sometimes referred to as "liquid bread", though beer is not a meal in ... Alcoholism, also known as "alcohol use disorder", is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in problems. It was ...
... disease 275.2 Disorders of magnesium metabolism Hypermagnesemia Hypomagnesemia 275.3 Disorders of phosphorus metabolism ... transport and metabolism 271.9 Unspecified disorder of carbohydrate transport and metabolism 272 Disorders of lipoid metabolism ... 275 Disorders of mineral metabolism 275.0 Disorders of iron metabolism Aceruloplasminemia Hemochromatosis 275.1 Disorders of ... Pick disease Sea-blue histiocyte syndrome 272.8 Other disorders of lipoid metabolism 273 Disorders of plasma protein metabolism ...
O'Brien RD (2013-10-22). Toxic Phosphorus Esters: Chemistry, Metabolism, and Biological Effects. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4832-7093 ... "An open label trial of donepezil for enhancement of rapid eye movement sleep in young children with autism spectrum disorders ... "Cholinesterase inhibitors as adjunctive therapy in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a review and meta- ...
The phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood. ... The phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood. ... Disorders of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balance. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds ... Klemm KM, Klein MJ, Zhang Y. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henrys Clinical ...
Disorder of phosphorus metabolism, unspecified E83.31 Familial hypophosphatemia E83.32 Hereditary vitamin D-dependent rickets ( ... Other specified disorders of bone density and structure, right upper arm M85.822 Other specified disorders of bone density and ... Other specified disorders of bone density and structure, right lower leg M85.862 Other specified disorders of bone density and ... Other specified disorders of bone density and structure, right shoulder M85.812 Other specified disorders of bone density and ...
Disorder of purine and pyrimidine metabolism, unspecified. E83.3. Disorders of phosphorus metabolism and phosphatases. ... Disorders of gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas in diseases classified elsewhere. K92.9. Disease of digestive system, ...
electrolyte metabolism (calcium, potassium, phosphorus). *water metabolism. Intracellular accumulations (eg, pigments, fats, ... Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance disorders. * *fluid volume and electrolyte/ion disorders: fluid volume disorders; ... Adverse effects of drugs on multisystem disorders: drug-induced electrolyte abnormalities and acid base-disorders (eg, ... Neoplasms and related disorders. *paraneoplastic syndromes: endocrine (eg, SIADH, Cushing syndrome, hypercalcemia of malignancy ...
Peripheral Nerve Disorders. *Peripheral Vascular Disease (PAD, PVD). *Phlebitis and Thrombophlebitis. *Phosphorus Metabolism ...
In a study of potassium disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ... the criteria for headache related to hemodialysis on the basis ofthe International Classification of Headache Disorders 2nd ...
Several diseases can result in disorders of bone mineralization in children, including rickets, renal diseases (renal ... Levels of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D may be normal but inadequately low for the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone ... Which lab findings are characteristic of disorders of bone mineralization?. What is the role of vitamin D metabolism in the ... Disorders of bone mineralization. Diseases that can cause disorders of bone mineralization in children include rickets, renal ...
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ... Alzheimers diseaseAnemiaArthritisAsthmaAutismBipolar disorder ... disordersHeart healthTransgender healthHepatitis CType 2 diabetesInflammationVaccinations and immunizationsLung cancerWeight ... disordersHeart healthTransgender healthHepatitis CType 2 diabetesInflammationVaccinations and immunizationsLung cancerWeight ... disordersStrokeTransgender healthType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesUlcerative colitisVaccinations and immunizationsWeight ...
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ... Alzheimers diseaseAnemiaArthritisAsthmaAutismBipolar disorder ... disordersHeart healthTransgender healthHepatitis CType 2 diabetesInflammationVaccinations and immunizationsLung cancerWeight ... disordersHeart healthTransgender healthHepatitis CType 2 diabetesInflammationVaccinations and immunizationsLung cancerWeight ... disordersStrokeTransgender healthType 1 diabetesType 2 diabetesUlcerative colitisVaccinations and immunizationsWeight ...
Disorders of Phosphorus I: Phosphorus Metabolism and Hyperphosphatemia. Alison R. Gaynor and Lilian Cornejo. Chapter 10. ... Disorders of Calcium I: Calcium Metabolism and Hypercalcemia. Lilian Cornejo and Alison R. Gaynor. Chapter 8.. Disorders of ... Disorders of Phosphorus II: Hypophosphatemia. Alison R. Gaynor and Lilian Cornejo. Chapter 11.. Disorders of Magnesium I: ... Magnesium Metabolism and Hypermagnesemia. Alison R. Gaynor and Lilian Cornejo. Chapter 12.. Disorders of Magnesium II: ...
Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Averys diseases of the Newborn. 9th edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1998. ... Disorders of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1990 Dec. 37(6):1441-65. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Primary immunodeficiency disorder: DiGeorge syndrome is the most important immunodeficiency disorder to be aware of that is ... Calcium metabolism and function. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. Of the bodys total calcium, 99% is stored ...
Peripheral Nerve Disorders. *Phlebitis and Thrombophlebitis. *Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders. *Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis). * ...
Metabolism; Blood-tests; Blood-samples; Organo-phosphorus-pesticides; Salivary-gland-disorders; Salivary-glands; ... Insecticides; Laboratory-animals; Animal-studies; Metabolism; Models; Pharmacodynamics; Biodynamics; Biochemical-analysis; ... Cerebrovascular-system-disorders; Cerebrovascular-system; Brain-electrical-activity; Brain-function; Chemical-hypersensitivity ...
"Association of Level Oo GFR with Bone Disease And Disorders of Calcium And Phosphorus Metabolism". NKF K/DOQI Guidelines. ... Osteitis fibrosa cystica (/ˌɒstiˈaɪtɪs faɪˈbroʊsə ˈsɪstɪkə/ OSS-tee-EYE-tis fy-BROH-sə SIS-tik-ə) is a skeletal disorder ... Disorders such as familial hyperparathyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN Type 1) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw ... MEN Type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common hereditary form of hyperparathyroidism, affecting about 95% of ...
Calcium and Phosphorus *Disorders of Phosphorus, Calcium, and Vitamin D *Nutrition and Metabolism *Fluid and Electrolyte ... Renal Manifestations of Metabolic Disorders *Infectious Diseases and the Kidney *Nephrotoxins. Urinary Tract Disorders. * ... Tubular Disorders of Electrolyte Regulation *Renal Tubular Acidosis *Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus *Cystinosis and Fanconi ... Endocrine and Growth Disorders in Chronic Renal Failure *Renal Osteodystrophy *Peritoneal Dialysis *Hemodialysis * ...
Phosphorus-deprived young animals grow slowly, develop rickets Rickets in Animals Rickets is a disorder affecting the skeleton ... Other potential effects of hypophosphatemia include neurologic signs presumably related to the altered energy metabolism, ... The most common cause of chronic phosphorus deficiency is inadequate feed intake or inadequate phosphorus content in the diet ... Phosphorus depletion is not readily diagnosed in living animals. Sustained phosphorus deprivation induces pronounced ...
Osteopenia is a decrease in the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the bone. This can cause bones to be weak and brittle. It ... Koves IH, Ness KD, Nip A S-Y, Salehi P. Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In: Gleason CA, Juul SE, eds. Averys ... Abrams SA, Tiosano D. Disorders of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium metabolism in the neonate. In: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, ... Osteopenia is a decrease in the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the bone. This can cause bones to be weak and brittle. It ...
Other Metabolic Disorders And Immunity Disorders 270-279 > Disorders of lipoid metabolism 272- ... metabolism (acquired) (congenital) (see also Disorder, metabolism) 277.9. *. with*. abortion - see Abortion, by type, with ... metabolism NEC 277.9. *. with*. abortion - see Abortion, by type, with metabolic disorder ... Home > 2012 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Codes > Endocrine, Nutritional And Metabolic Diseases, And Immunity Disorders 240-279 > ...
Categories: Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
Phosphorus overview for health professionals. Research health effects, dosing, sources, deficiency symptoms, side effects, and ... People with genetic phosphate regulation disorders. Rare genetic disorders of phosphorus metabolism include X-linked ... Home , Health Information , Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets , Phosphorus , Phosphorus - Health Professional. Phosphorus. Fact ... Phosphorus is available in dietary supplements containing only phosphorus, supplements containing phosphorus in combination ...
Abnormalities in bone metabolism can result in bone disorders and imbalance of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. ... Bone metabolism is affected by factors such as nutrition, exercise, medical illnesses and medications, as well as hormones ... of Endocrinology focuses on the evaluation and care of patients with conditions that affect bone and mineral metabolism. Some ...
Detection of 17O-tagged phosphate by 31P MRS: A method with potential for in vivo studies of phosphorus metabolism. Magnetic ... Journal of Affective Disorders 2019, 253, 224-231. * Necus J, Smith FE, Thelwall PE, Flowers CJ, Sinha N, Taylor PN, Blamire AM ... Bipolar Disorders 2019, 23(1), 41-48. * Scott J, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Strawbridge R, Young A, Resche-Rigon M, Etain B, Andreassen ... In vivo MR studies of glycine and glutathione metabolism in a rat mammary tumor. NMR in Biomedicine 2012, 25(2), 271-278. ...
CKD is frequently associated with disorders of bone and mineral metabolism including abnormal metabolism of calcium, phosphorus ... The abnormalities of bone and mineral metabolism in CKD are part of a broader systemic disorder referred to as CKD-mineral and ... Dietary and serum phosphorus regulate fibroblast growth factor 23 expression and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D metabolism in mice. ... MINERAL METABOLISM: Edited by Aline Martin and Tamara Isakova. Safety of SGLT2i with regard to bone and mineral metabolism in ...
Disorders of mineral metabolism (hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism) are potentially ... For determining associations among disorders of mineral metabolism, mortality, and morbidity in hemodialysis patients, data … ... After adjustment for case mix and laboratory variables, serum phosphorus concentrations ,5.0 mg/dl were associated with an ... Disorders of mineral metabolism are independently associated with mortality and morbidity associated with cardiovascular ...
Overview of Disorders of Phosphate Concentration - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the ... Phosphorus is one of the most abundant elements in the human body. Most phosphorus in the body is complexed with oxygen as ... Phosphate is also involved in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism. Red blood cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) plays a ... usually as a result of alcohol use disorder Alcohol Use Disorder and Rehabilitation Alcohol use disorder involves a pattern of ...
Historically, vitamin D had been linked to skeletal disease including calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism,1 2 osteoporosis ... cognitive disorders (n=4), metabolic disorders (n=4), neonatal/infant/child related outcomes (n=4), skeletal diseases (n=3), ... cognitive disorders, infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, neonatal/infant/child related outcomes, pregnancy related ... Optimal vitamin D intake/concentration may not be the same for all outcomes.137 In addition, the absorption/metabolism of ...
Disorders of vitamin D metabolism or motion result in faulty bone mineralization and clinical options including intestinal ... malabsorption of calcium, hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, elevated renal clearance of phosphorus, and ... When medications are a ences within the prevalence of any anxiousness disorder (492), and a part of the remedy plan, the person ... Factors to Consider in Assessing Suicide Risk пїЅdouble depressionпїЅ (dysthymic disorder and major deLifetime history, nature ...
2008). Disorders involvingcalcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. DOI:. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2486454/. ... 2012). Nutrition and metabolism insports, exercise and health. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.. ... Phosphorus is the second most plentiful mineral in your body. Your body needs phosphorus for many functions, such as filtering ... Phosphate deficiency is more common in those with celiac disease, Crohns disease, kidney issues, alcohol use disorder, and ...
  • Cite this: Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: The Importance of Measuring Serum Phosphorus Level - Medscape - Oct 01, 2007. (medscape.com)
  • The combination of high phosphorus intakes with low calcium intakes increases serum PTH levels, but evidence is mixed on whether the increased hormone levels decrease bone mineral density [ 2 , 4-6 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Although phosphorus status is not typically assessed, phosphate can be measured in both serum and plasma [ 10 ]. (nih.gov)
  • However, plasma and serum phosphate levels do not necessarily reflect whole-body phosphorus content [ 1 , 11 ]. (nih.gov)
  • The mineral and bone disorders may occur when the kidneys fail to maintain serum calcium and phosphorus levels. (nih.gov)
  • The kidneys activate vitamin D [1,25(OH) 2 D or calcitriol] and maintain serum calcium and phosphorus levels. (nih.gov)
  • Nine out of the 14 patients (64.29%) in the treatment group achieved the K/DOQI serum phosphorus goal. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorus and calcium are interrelated because hormones, such as vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), regulate the metabolism of both minerals. (nih.gov)
  • 3. Have a known or suspected disorder of mineral metabolism, as demonstrated by any one of the following: laboratory measurement above or below the reference values for either blood or urine calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, parathyroid hormone or vitamin D, or other measures of mineral metabolism, and/or a medical or family history consistent with or suggestive of a disorder of mineral metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • The interrelationships among vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are altered in CKD and complex in nature. (nih.gov)
  • There are three osteomalacia syndromes associated with renal phosphate wasting and abnormal vitamin D metabolism: TIO, ADHR and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). (medscape.com)
  • Kidney, liver, and certain bone diseases can cause abnormal phosphorus levels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your body can use this fuel right away, or it can store the energy in your body tissues, such as your liver, muscles and body fat.a metabolic disorder occurs when abnormal chemical reactions in your body disrupt this process. (icd9data.com)
  • Non-traditional risk factors for CVD include albuminuria, anemia and abnormal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. (nih.gov)
  • There is an association between abnormal lactate response to exercise, reflecting impaired muscle energy metabolism, and the presence of enterovirus sequences in muscle in a proportion of CFS patients. (bmj.com)
  • The phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Disorders of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balance. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Many different types of foods contain phosphorus, mainly in the form of phosphates and phosphate esters [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Most phosphorus in the body is complexed with oxygen as phosphate. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Phosphate is also involved in aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Phosphate depletion can occur in various disorders and normally results in conservation of phosphate by the kidneys. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Low levels of phosphate in the blood (hypophosphatemia) can lead to abnormalities in bone metabolism. (uchicago.edu)
  • Jones suffered from tumor-induced osteomalacia, a disorder caused by a benign tumor that produces the hormone FGF23, which affects the metabolism of phosphorus and vitamin D and ultimately bone strength. (nih.gov)
  • Doctors suspected an underlying skeletal disorder, and when her blood phosphorus level came back low, they thought of tumor-induced osteomalacia. (nih.gov)
  • Why choose Johns Hopkins for treatment of thyroid disorders? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Accurate treatment of thyroid disorders often requires collaborating with different areas and specialties, including the Johns Hopkins Thyroid Tumor Center . (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Our thyroid team is made up of world-class endocrinologists, specialists and researchers, including the director of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, the current chair of the Subspecialty Board for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and a recipient of the American Thyroid Association's Distinguished Service Award. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • The medical specialists in the Thyroid Tumor Center offer comprehensive treatment for all of your thyroid disorder-related needs. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Along with providing patient care, we also perform clinical and molecular biology research into the causes, effects and treatment of thyroid disorders such as molecular markers of thyroid cancer and clinical studies of patients with hyperparathyroidism. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • It secretes thyroid hormones that play an essential role in regulating metabolism. (nutriwins.com)
  • Decreased PTH levels lead to low calcium levels and high phosphorus levels in the blood. (nih.gov)
  • In CKD, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia occur due to loss of renal function, deficit of active vitamin D, and imbalance in the maintenance of the calcium-phosphorus product. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Parturient paresis in pregnant and lactating ewes and does is a disturbance of metabolism characterized by acute-onset hypocalcemia and rapid development of hyperexcitability and ataxia, progressing to depression, recumbency, coma, and death. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • The kidneys, bones, and intestines regulate phosphorus homeostasis, which requires maintenance of urinary losses at equivalent levels to net phosphorus absorption and ensuring that equal amounts of phosphorus are deposited and resorbed from bone [ 1 , 7 , 8 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Several hormones, including estrogen and adrenaline, also affect phosphorus homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • MEN Type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder and the most common hereditary form of hyperparathyroidism, affecting about 95% of genetic cases of OFC, and also tends to affect younger patients than other forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] This disorder is more common in patients with tetraplegia than it is in persons with paraplegia. (medscape.com)
  • The objective of the HiLo trial is to determine whether the current practice of normalizing phosphorus significantly reduces morbidity and mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. (nih.gov)
  • The Department of Nephrology at Medeor Hospital, Abu Dhabi, provides exceptional care and service for patients with kidney diseases and disorders, treating both adults and children. (medeor.ae)
  • Levels of calcium, phosphorus and intact PTH (PTHi) should be determined in all patients with CKD in which the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. (alliedacademies.org)
  • 5 ]. These measures should be even more frequent in renal transplant patients or in any patient with CKD who is being treated for disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The drug effectively relieves spasmodic conditions, and is also taken during the rehabilitation period by patients who have had cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, trauma and nervous disorders. (abchealthonline.com)
  • To detect and characterise enterovirus RNA in skeletal muscle from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and to compare efficiency of muscle energy metabolism in enterovirus positive and negative CFS patients. (bmj.com)
  • They have published numerous articles and textbook chapters based on their research in metabolic bone disorders and enjoy working with patients to individually tailor effective diet, lifestyle and treatment regimens to improve skeletal health. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Since 2008, he has been engaged in disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease (predialysis, dialysis stages and after kidney transplantation) in the National Research Center of Endocrinology. (mknc.ru)
  • From 2011 to 2013, she studied hormonal and metabolic disorders (phosphorus-calcium, carbohydrate, lipid, purine metabolism) in patients with urolithiasis at the Research Institute of Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health of the I. M. Sechenov Moscow State Medical University. (mknc.ru)
  • Phosphorus is a mineral the body needs to build strong bones and teeth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Phosphorus, an essential mineral, is naturally present in many foods and available as a dietary supplement. (nih.gov)
  • The study population will include participants with known or suspected bone disease and/or with a known or suspected disorder of mineral metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Mineral and bone disorders are important complications of this disease, which can result in numerous consequences, such as bone pain, skeletal deformities, bone fractures, vascular calcification, cardiovascular disease and even death [ 3 , 4 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Hereditary forms of hypophosphatemic rickets may be due to abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism or recognition, or due to a decrease in tubular reabsorption of phosphorus in the kidneys. (uchicago.edu)
  • Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glycemia. (mknc.ru)
  • Provides support for healthy glucose metabolism. (306fitness.com)
  • 2.5 mg/dL (0.81 mmol/L). Causes include alcohol use disorder, burns, starvation, and diuretic use. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Osteitis fibrosa cystica (/ˌɒstiˈaɪtɪs faɪˈbroÊŠsÉ™ ˈsɪstɪkÉ™/ OSS-tee-EYE-tis fy-BROH-sÉ™ SIS-tik-É™) is a skeletal disorder resulting in a loss of bone mass, a weakening of the bones as their calcified supporting structures are replaced with fibrous tissue (peritrabecular fibrosis), and the formation of cyst-like brown tumors in and around the bone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder, characterized by reduced bone mass, deterioration of bone structure, increased bone fragility, and increased fracture risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several osteoporosis-risk factors have been confirmed in the US and western Europe, but in El Salvador there are neither reliable epidemiological statistics about this skeletal disorder nor studies addressing osteoporosis-risk factors in women. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lead by Dr. Roberto Salvatori, the Johns Hopkins Pituitary Tumor Center is a world-class, multidisciplinary center of experts, diagnosing and treating all types of pituitary disorders, including pituitary tumors, adenomas, craniopharyngiomas, Rathke's cleft cysts and pituitary gland disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Disorders such as familial hyperparathyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN Type 1) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome can, if left unchecked, result in OFC. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pediatric Endocrine Disorders , since its very first edition in 2001, has firmly established its place as a core learning resource for postgraduate students and trainees in pediatric endocrinology as well as endocrinology. (orientblackswan.com)
  • Our doctors understand metabolic bone disorders, and they have years of clinical expertise in endocrinology, metabolic bone disorders, osteoporosis, vitamin D deficiency, and calcium and phosphorus disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior esta revisión buscó plasmar el estado del arte y los conceptos más recientes sobre el uso de Calcio en la osteoporosis así como establecer si el riesgo cardiovascular atribuido a este agente es real. (juanncorpas.edu.co)
  • Imprinting disorders (IDs) are a group of congenital diseases characterised by overlapping clinical features affecting growth, development and metabolism, and common molecular disturbances, affecting genomically imprinted chromosomal regions and genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BENEFITS -:Amla Candy is a good source of vitamin C, iron and minerals, it helps to boost immunity, regulates metabolism, helps in hyperacidity, eye ailments, skin diseases, anemia and blood-related disorders. (indianshopy.com)
  • The Johns Hopkins Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism provides innovative diagnosis and treatment options for a range of endocrinology-related disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Consult a healthcare practitioner prior to use if you have a liver disorder, cardiovascular disease, kidney disorder and/or diabetes. (306fitness.com)
  • Because human intestines lack the phytase enzyme, much phosphorus in this form is unavailable for absorption [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorus undergoes passive absorption in the small intestine, although some is absorbed by active transport [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (nih.gov)
  • Helps in the absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus. (306fitness.com)
  • Amla is rich in minerals and vitamins such as carotene, phosphorus, calcium, iron, and vitamin B complex hence, it is a powerful antioxidant. (indianshopy.com)
  • Why choose Johns Hopkins for treatment of an adrenal disorder? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Essential to receiving the right care for your adrenal disorder is connecting with a doctor who understands your needs, is compassionate and is skilled at treating your particular illness. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Our doctors are experienced in providing personalized care for adrenal disorders, including those disorders that aren't necessarily treated by other doctors. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Accurate diagnosis of adrenal disease can be challenging, and our doctors believe that comprehensive, collaborative approaches to treating adrenal disorders lead to the best outcomes. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Although little is known about the metabolism of the substituted aromatic herbicides dicamba and pendimethalin in humans or surrogate animals, they are of low acute toxicity tomammalsand not previously known to be carcinogenic. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, hypophosphatasia, a condition caused by deficient activity of tissue-nonspecific isozyme of alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP), may have rickets as a characteristic in the neonatal, infantile and childhood forms of the disorder. (uchicago.edu)
  • Hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder of calcium metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • They are also rich in magnesium, iron, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc.2.Rich in Amino AcidsMoringa leaves are rich in amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. (dongyuanbiotech.com)
  • PTH regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the blood through its direct effects on the kidney and bone, where the body stores most of its calcium. (nih.gov)
  • Dr. Adrian Dobs is an active investigator in the field of male and female sex hormone disorders. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Intake recommendations for phosphorus and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [ 12 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Also, in accordance with the instructions, Magnesium is effective in dietary programs for weight loss and normalization of metabolism. (abchealthonline.com)
  • Most grains also contain minimal calcium but additionally have high levels of phosphorus, causing an inverse calcium:phosphorus ratio, increasing dietary risk. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • PTH maintains normal blood levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium through its actions on the bone and kidney. (nih.gov)
  • Dr. Anaba works at Practice in Alexandria, LA with other offices in Centerville, OH, Longview, TX and Covington, GA. They frequently treat conditions like Tobacco Use Disorder along with other conditions at varying frequencies. (healthline.com)
  • An imbalance between calcium and phosphorus can indicate and issue with skeletal and cardiovascular in nature (Sun et al. (sunshinehealthandnutrition.com.au)
  • An imbalance between magnesium and calcium can indicate an issue with blood sugar regulation (Barbagallo, 2015), metabolic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular disorders (Afonso et al. (sunshinehealthandnutrition.com.au)
  • Bone metabolism disorder is a ubiquitous complication of end-stage renal disease that is characterized by elevated phosphorus, low calcium, and elevated PTH. (nih.gov)
  • In adults, the disorder usually is a complication of neck surgery. (nih.gov)
  • Metabolism is the process your body uses to get or make energy from the food you eat. (icd9data.com)
  • Phosphorus is one of the most abundant elements in the human body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It hydrates our body and corrects metabolism. (planetayurveda.com)