Piper betle
Piper nigrum
Piperaceae
Kava
Plant Extracts
Benzodioxoles
Black Pepper
Oils, Volatile
Chlorella vulgaris
Psidium
Piper
Dioxolanes
Lignans
Gnetum
Plant Leaves
Liriodendron
Drimys
Condiments
Tocotrienols
Herb-Drug Interactions
Lacquer
Perylene
Aromatherapy
Spices
Alkaloids
Angiosperms
Piperidones
Areca
Polyunsaturated Alkamides
Bony Callus
Plants, Medicinal
Methanol
New megastigmane glycoside and aromadendrane derivative from the aerial part of Piper elongatum. (1/71)
A new megastigmane glycoside, called pipeloside A, and a new aromadendrane type sesquiterpenoid, pipelol A, were isolated from the MeOH extract of the aerial part of Piper elongatum VAHL. along with a known megastigmane glycoside, byzantionoside B. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. (+info)Genetic diversity in natural populations of Piper cernuum. (2/71)
Piper cernuum is a native plant of the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest. This work studies the distribution of allozyme diversity in P. cernuum natural populations in order to establish a strategy for sustainable management and conservation. Leaf samples were collected in two Brazilian states. High divergences among populations (F(SR) = 0.380) and low divergences among regions (F(RT) = -0.069) and among gaps of the same population (F(GT) = 0.062) were found. No association between the geographical variation and the genetic distance was detected. An excess of heterozygotes was detected in the populations (F(IS) = -0.170), suggesting selection in favor of heterozygotes. The results, and the fact that the species depends on constant gap formation for maintenance of its dynamism, suggest that the founder effect is largely responsible for the structuring of populations. For sustainable management, the maintenance of plants/reproductive branches in the gaps is of major importance. The genotypes produced in these gaps are responsible for the establishment of new gaps and are the foundation for new populations, maintaining the dynamics of allele movement. (+info)Giardiasis: pathophysiology and management. (3/71)
Giardia, a common human parasite, can cause significant morbidity; however, natural medicine has great potential to influence the course of Giardia infection. The most beneficial way to treat giardiasis naturally may be through a combination approach, utilizing both nutritional interventions and phytotherapeutic agents. Nutritional intervention aims to reduce the acute symptoms of Giardia and help clear the infection. This can best be achieved by consuming a whole-food based, high-fiber, diet that is low in fat, lactose, and refined sugars. Additionally, ingestion of probiotics and wheat germ assists in parasite clearance. Numerous medicinal herbs show promise in the treatment of giardiasis. Berberine-containing herbs, garlic, and the Ayurvedic formulation Pippali rasayana currently have the most clinical evidence supporting their use. Blending the nutritional interventions and phytotherapeutic agents outlined in this article can minimize Giardia symptomatology and aid clearance of the parasite, without significant ill effects. As such, this therapeutic strategy should be considered the first-line approach. Antibiotic use may best be reserved for cases that fail to respond to initial treatment with natural measures. (+info)Neolignans from Piper futokadsura and their inhibition of nitric oxide production. (4/71)
From a MeOH extract of the aerial part of Piper futokadsura, the tetrahydrofuran lignans, futokadsurin A [(7S,8S,7'S,8'R)-3,4,3'-trimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-7,7'-epoxylignan], futokadsurin B [(7R,8R,7'R,8'S)-3,4-dimethoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-7,7'-epoxylignan], and futokadsurin C [(7R,8R,7'S,8'S)-3,4-methylenedioxy-3',4'-dimethoxy-7,7'-epoxylignan] were isolated, together with nine known neolignans. In addition, L-tryptophan, pellitorine, phytol, elemicin, and 1,2,4-trimethoxyphenyl-5-aldehyde were isolated. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. These lignans inhibited nitric oxide production by a murine macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7), which was activated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. (+info)Piperine from the fruits of Piper longum with inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase and antidepressant-like activity. (5/71)
A bioassay-guided isolation of the ethanol extract from the fruits of Piper longum yielded a known piperidine alkaloid, piperine, as a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Piperine showed an inhibitory effect against MAO-A (IC50 value: 20.9 microM) and MAO-B (IC50 value: 7.0 microM). Kinetic analyses by a Lineweaver-Burk plot clearly indicated that piperine competitively inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B with Ki values of 19.0+/-0.9 microM and 3.19+/-0.5 microM, respectively. The inhibition by piperine was found to be reversible by dialysis of the incubation mixture. In addition, the immobility times in the tail suspension test were significantly reduced by piperine, similar to that of the reference antidepressant fluoxetine, without accompanying changes in ambulation when assessed in an open-field. These results suggest that piperine possesses potent antidepressant-like properties that are mediated in part through the inhibition of MAO activity, and therefore represent a promising pharmacotherapeutic candidate as an antidepressant agent. (+info)Evaluation of antifungal activity of Piper solmsianum C. DC. var. solmsianum (Piperaceae). (6/71)
We have studied the crude methanolic extract (CME), some fractions (hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate) and four pure compounds: eupomatenoid-3 (1), eupomatenoid-5 (2), conocarpan (3) and orientin (4), from Piper solmsianum, for possible antifungal activity against 12 pathogenic fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined and the experiments showed that the CME exhibited antifungal action against all the dermatophytes tested, with MIC values of between 20 microg/ml to 60 microg/ml. Similar activity also was verified for the hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. However, the starting material (CME), and all the fractions, did not exert inhibitory effect against hyaline hyphomycetes and were only discretely active against the zigomycetes and yeasts. Compounds 2, 3 and 4 also exhibited pronounced activity against all the dermatophytes tested (MIC< or =1 to 9 microg/ml) with potency as high as the standard antifungal drug (ketoconazole). Compound 3 also exhibited activity against all the yeasts tested. In conclusion, the antifungal activity of P. solmsianum seems to be related mainly to the presence of compounds 2, 3 (neolignans) and 4 (flavonoid), however it was verified that another active compound, as yet unidentified, exists in the plant. (+info)Alteration of pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline following oral administration of Piper longum in hens. (7/71)
The pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered oxytetracycline (10 mg/kg body weight) was studied 7 days post oral treatment of Piper longum (15 mg equivalent/kg) in White Leghorn hens (2-2.8 kg). On the day 8, oxytetracycline (OTC) was administered orally and blood samples were collected from the wing vein in heparinised vials for plasma separation at 0 (pre-treatment), 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 minutes post OTC administration. Plasma OTC concentrations were determined by microbial assay technique using Bacillus cereus var. mycoides (ATCC 11778) as test organism. The plasma levels of OTC against time were adequately described by one compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic data revealed that P.longum treated animals had significantly higher area under curve (AUC), area under the first moment of plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUMC) and mean residential time (MRT). Prior treatment of P.longum significantly reduced elimination rate constant(beta)and increased elimination half life (t(1/2beta)). The total body clearance (Cl(B)) reduced by 21%whereas total duration of pharmacological effect (t(d)) increased by 29%. The treatment with P. longum reduced loading and maintenance dose by 33.3 and 39%, respectively. (+info)Effect of piperine on the epididymis of adult male rats. (8/71)
AIM: To study the effect of piperine on the epididymal antioxidant system of adult male rats. METHODS: Adult male rats were orally administered piperine at doses of 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight each day for 30 consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the rats were weighed and killed with ether and the epididymis was dissected from the bodies. Sperm collected from the cauda region of the epididymis was used for the assessment of its count, motility and viability. Caput, corpus and cauda regions of the epididymis were separated and homogenized separately to obtain 10 % homogenates. The supernatants were used for the assays of sialic acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide generation. RESULTS: Body weight of the piperine-treated rats remained unchanged. The weights of the caput, corpus and cauda regions of the epididymis significantly decreased at dose of 100 mg/kg. Epididymal sperm count and motility decreased at 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, and sperm viability decreased significantly at 100 mg/kg. Sialic acid levels in the epididymis decreased significantly at 100 mg/kg while significant decrease in the cauda region alone was observed at 10 mg/kg. A significant decline in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, along with an increase in hydrogen peroxide generation and lipid peroxidation were observed at 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: Piperine caused a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and sialic acid levels in the epididymis and thereby increased reactive oxygen species levels that could damage the epididymal environment and sperm function. (+info)'Piper betle' is not a medical term, but a botanical name for a plant also known as the betel vine or betel pepper. It is commonly found in Southeast Asian countries and is used in various traditional medicinal practices. The leaves of this plant are often chewed along with other substances like tobacco and slaked lime for their mild stimulant and psychoactive effects.
In a medical context, 'Piper betle' may be mentioned in relation to its potential pharmacological properties or possible health benefits/risks associated with its use. However, it is not considered a standard medical treatment or therapy.
'Piper nigrum' is not a medical term, but it is a botanical name. It refers to the black pepper plant, which is native to South India and Southeast Asia. The fruit of the plant, known as peppercorns, is used as a spice and has various medicinal properties.
Black pepper contains piperine, an alkaloid that gives it its pungent flavor and may have several health benefits, such as improving digestion, reducing inflammation, and enhancing bioavailability of nutrients in other foods when consumed together. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and establish appropriate dosages for medical use.
Piperaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category in botany, referring to the Pepper family of flowering plants. However, I can provide some general information about it.
Piperaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes around 3,600 species distributed across 55 genera. The family is particularly diverse in tropical regions, and many of its members are economically important as spices, ornamentals, and medicinal plants.
One of the most well-known members of Piperaceae is Piper nigrum, which produces black pepper, one of the most commonly used spices worldwide. Another member of the family is Piper methysticum, also known as kava, a plant native to the Pacific Islands that has been traditionally used for medicinal and ceremonial purposes.
While Piperaceae is not a medical term itself, some of its members have medicinal properties and are used in various traditional medicine systems. For example, black pepper has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for its anti-inflammatory and digestive properties, while kava has been used to treat anxiety and insomnia. However, it's important to note that the scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and more research is needed to confirm their safety and efficacy.
Kava, also known as kava-kava, is a plant (Piper methysticum) that is native to the Pacific Islands. The root of the kava plant is used to make a drink that has been traditionally used in cultural and social gatherings for its relaxing effects. It can be consumed in various forms such as tea, capsules, or extracts.
In modern medicine, kava is sometimes used as a dietary supplement for anxiety, insomnia, and stress. However, its use as a medicinal product is controversial due to concerns about potential liver toxicity. The FDA has issued warnings about the risk of severe liver injury associated with kava-containing products. Therefore, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional before taking kava or any other dietary supplement.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Eugenol is defined in medical terms as a phenolic compound that is the main active component of oil of cloves, which is derived from the clove tree (Syzygium aromaticum). It has been used in dentistry for its analgesic and antibacterial properties. In addition, eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, and as a local antiseptic and anesthetic in medical applications. It's also used in some mouthwashes and toothpastes. However, it can cause allergic reactions in some people, so its use should be monitored carefully.
Benzodioxoles are chemical compounds that consist of a benzene ring (a six-carbon cyclic structure with alternating double bonds) linked to two oxide groups through methane bridges. They can be found naturally in some plants, such as nutmeg and tea, but they are also synthesized for use in various pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs.
In the medical field, benzodioxoles are used in the synthesis of certain drugs, including some antimicrobials, antihelmintics (drugs that treat parasitic worm infections), and muscle relaxants. However, they are perhaps best known for their use as a structural component in certain illicit drugs, such as ecstasy (MDMA) and related substances.
It's important to note that while benzodioxoles themselves may have some medical uses, many of the drugs that contain this structure can be dangerous when used improperly or without medical supervision.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Peperomia" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants in the family Piperaceae, commonly known as radiator plants or baby rubber plants. These plants are popular as houseplants due to their attractive foliage and ease of care. If you have any questions about a specific medical concern or condition, I would be happy to try to help with that instead.
Black pepper is the dried fruit (seed) of the plant Piper nigrum, which belongs to the family Piperaceae. It is a widely used spice in various cuisines around the world due to its pungent and sharp flavor. The chemical compound piperine present in black pepper gives it its unique taste and aroma.
In a medical or nutritional context, black pepper may also be referred to for its potential health benefits. For instance, black pepper has been found to enhance the bioavailability of certain nutrients and compounds, making them easier for the body to absorb. Additionally, it contains antioxidants that can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. However, more research is needed to fully understand the extent of its medicinal properties.
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are a type of organic compound that are naturally produced in plants. They are called "volatile" because they evaporate quickly at room temperature due to their high vapor pressure. These oils are composed of complex mixtures of various compounds, including terpenes, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols. They are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of many plants and are often used in perfumes, flavors, and aromatherapy. In a medical context, volatile oils may have therapeutic properties and be used in certain medications or treatments, but it's important to note that they can also cause adverse reactions if not used properly.
Chlorella vulgaris is a species of freshwater microalga that is commonly used in health supplements, skincare products, and agricultural applications due to its high nutritional value and rapid growth rate. It contains various nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and pigments like chlorophyll.
In the medical field, Chlorella vulgaris has been studied for its potential health benefits, including:
1. Detoxification: Chlorella vulgaris is known to have a strong ability to bind to heavy metals and other toxins, making it useful in detoxification therapies.
2. Immune system support: Some studies suggest that Chlorella vulgaris may help boost the immune system by increasing the activity of natural killer cells and enhancing the production of antibodies.
3. Anti-inflammatory effects: Chlorella vulgaris contains various bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids and phenolic acids, that exhibit anti-inflammatory properties.
4. Antioxidant activity: The high content of chlorophyll, carotenoids, and other antioxidants in Chlorella vulgaris may help protect cells from oxidative damage.
5. Cardiovascular health: Some research indicates that Chlorella vulgaris may help lower blood pressure, reduce serum cholesterol levels, and improve lipid metabolism, which could contribute to better cardiovascular health.
6. Anti-cancer properties: Preliminary studies suggest that Chlorella vulgaris may have potential anti-cancer effects by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death). However, more research is needed in this area to confirm its efficacy and safety.
It's important to note that while Chlorella vulgaris has shown promise in various health applications, further research is required to fully understand its benefits and potential risks. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement or therapy.
"Psidium" is a scientific name for a genus of plants that include several species of tropical trees and shrubs, the most well-known of which is "Psidium guajava," or the common guava. These plants are native to Central and South America and are now grown in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
The fruits of these plants are also commonly referred to as "guavas" and are popular for their sweet, tangy flavor and high nutritional content. They are rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber, and antioxidants, making them a valuable addition to a healthy diet.
In medical or scientific contexts, the term "Psidium" may be used to refer specifically to the genus of plants or more broadly to any plant or fruit within that genus.
"Piper" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants in the family Piperaceae, which includes black pepper and many other species. In some cases, "piper" may refer to piperazine, a class of medications used to treat various conditions such as intestinal worm infections and symptoms of mental disorders. However, it's not a commonly used medical term.
Dioxolanes are a class of organic compounds that contain a five-membered ring consisting of two carbon atoms, one oxygen atom, and two adjacent oxygen or sulfur atoms. The general structure of dioxolane is C2O2S2 or C2O3. These compounds are often used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds due to their high reactivity and ability to act as protecting groups for carbonyl functionalities. Dioxolanes can also be found naturally in some foods and plants.
Lignans are a type of plant compound that have antioxidant and estrogen properties. They are found in various plants such as seeds, grains, fruits, and vegetables. Once consumed, some lignans can be converted by intestinal bacteria into enterolactone and enterodiol, which can have weak estrogenic or anti-estrogenic effects in the body. These compounds have been studied for their potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of cancer and heart disease. However, more research is needed to fully understand their effects and potential health benefits.
"Gnetum" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of plants in the family Gnetaceae. These plants are not commonly referred to as "Gnetum" in a medical context, but rather by the specific names of their edible species, such as Gnetum gnemon (called "Melinjo" in Indonesian) and Gnetum Africanum (called "Okazi" or "Ukazi" in West Africa).
The leaves, seeds, and stems of some Gnetum species are used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support their medicinal uses. Therefore, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before using any plant-based remedies for medical purposes.
I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.
Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.
While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.
"Liriodendron" is the botanical name for a genus of trees that includes two species, commonly known as tulip poplar or tulip tree (L. tulipifera) and yellow poplar or white tulip tree (L. chinense). These trees are not true poplars, but are part of the magnolia family (Magnoliaceae). They are native to North America and China respectively, and are named for their distinctive tulip-shaped flowers.
In a medical context, "Liriodendron" is not commonly used as it does not have any specific medical relevance or application. However, various parts of the tree, such as its bark and leaves, have been traditionally used in herbal medicine for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and sedative properties. It's important to note that the use of Liriodendron in herbal medicine is not well-studied and its safety and efficacy are not established by scientific research.
'Drimys' is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs that belong to the family Winteraceae. This genus includes several species, some of which are known for their medicinal properties. For instance, the bark of Drimys winteri (also known as "winter's bark") has been used traditionally in folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and expectorant properties. However, it is important to note that the use of these plants should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as they can also have potential side effects or interact with other medications.
Condiments are typically tangy or flavorful substances that are used to add taste and flavor to food. They can be in the form of sauces, pastes, spreads, or powders. Examples include ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, soy sauce, vinegar, hot sauce, salt, pepper, and herbs & spices. Some condiments can also provide additional benefits such as added nutrients or potential health properties. However, it's important to note that some condiments can also be high in sugar, sodium, or unhealthy fats, so they should be used in moderation as part of a balanced diet.
Tocotrienols are a subtype of tocopherols, which are both forms of vitamin E. Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that plays a role in the protection of cell membranes from oxidative damage.
Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols in their chemical structure, specifically in the side chain attached to the chroman ring. Tocotrienols have an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain, while tocopherols have a saturated phytyl tail. This structural difference affects their bioavailability and distribution in the body, with tocotrienols being more readily absorbed and distributed to tissues than tocopherols.
Tocotrienols have been found to have potential health benefits, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol-lowering effects. They are found in various plant-based foods such as cereal grains, nuts, and vegetable oils, particularly palm oil, rice bran oil, and annatto seeds.
Hydrastis is the genus name for Hydrastis canadensis, also known as goldenseal. It is a perennial herb native to North America, and its roots and rhizomes have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. The active compounds in goldenseal include alkaloids such as hydrastine, berberine, and canadine, which are believed to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties.
However, it is important to note that the use of Hydrastis and its preparations as a medicine should be under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as there may be potential risks and interactions with other medications. Additionally, overharvesting of goldenseal in the wild has led to concerns about its sustainability, so it is recommended to use cultivated sources instead.
Phytotherapy is the use of extracts of natural origin, especially plants or plant parts, for therapeutic purposes. It is also known as herbal medicine and is a traditional practice in many cultures. The active compounds in these plant extracts are believed to have various medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, or sedative effects. Practitioners of phytotherapy may use the whole plant, dried parts, or concentrated extracts to prepare teas, capsules, tinctures, or ointments for therapeutic use. It is important to note that the effectiveness and safety of phytotherapy are not always supported by scientific evidence, and it should be used with caution and preferably under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
Herb-drug interactions (HDIs) refer to the pharmacological or clinical consequences that occur when a patient takes a herbal product concurrently with a prescribed medication. These interactions can result in various outcomes, such as decreased, increased, or altered drug effects due to changes in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion of the drug.
Herbs may contain various bioactive compounds that can interact with drugs and affect their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. For example, some herbs may induce or inhibit drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes, leading to altered drug metabolism and potentially increased or decreased drug concentrations in the body.
Similarly, herbs can also affect drug transporters, such as P-glycoprotein, which can further alter drug absorption, distribution, and excretion. Moreover, some herbs may have pharmacodynamic interactions with drugs, leading to additive or synergistic effects, or antagonism of the drug's therapeutic action.
Therefore, healthcare providers should be aware of potential HDIs when prescribing medications to patients who use herbal products and consider monitoring their patients' medication responses closely. Patients should also be advised to inform their healthcare providers about any herbal products they are taking, including dosage and frequency of use.
I must clarify that "lacquer" does not have a specific medical definition. The term "lacquer" is commonly used in dermatology to describe a type of scale found on the skin, but it is not a formal medical term with a widely accepted definition. It's essential to provide more context or specify the field when seeking definitions to ensure accurate and helpful information.
Perylene is not a medical term, but a chemical compound. It is an organic compound that is classified as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). PAHs are formed from the incomplete combustion of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances.
In medicine, perylene may be used in research and diagnostic settings to study cellular processes and diseases. For example, perylene derivatives have been used as fluorescent probes to investigate the structure and function of lipid membranes, DNA, and proteins. However, perylene itself is not a medical treatment or therapy.
Aromatherapy is defined as the use of essential oils from plants for therapeutic purposes. The essential oils are typically extracted through steam distillation or cold pressing, and they can be used in a variety of ways, including inhalation, topical application, or oral consumption. Aromatherapy is believed to promote physical and psychological well-being by engaging the smell receptors in the nose, which then send messages to the limbic system in the brain, which is responsible for emotions and memories. Some people use aromatherapy to help manage stress, improve sleep, or alleviate symptoms of various health conditions. However, it's important to note that while some studies suggest that aromatherapy may have certain health benefits, more research is needed to fully understand its effects and safety.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "spices" is not a term that has a medical definition. Spices are typically defined in the context of food and cooking as dried parts of plants (such as seeds, bark, or roots) used to add flavor or aroma to dishes. If you have any questions related to nutrition or dietary habits and their potential impact on health, I would be happy to try to help with those!
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Angiosperms, also known as flowering plants, are a group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek words "angeion," meaning "case" or "capsule," and "sperma," meaning "seed." This group includes the majority of plant species, with over 300,000 known species.
Angiosperms are characterized by their reproductive structures, which consist of flowers. The flower contains male and female reproductive organs, including stamens (which produce pollen) and carpels (which contain the ovules). After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed, while the ovary matures into a fruit, which provides protection and nutrition for the developing embryo.
Angiosperms are further divided into two main groups: monocots and eudicots. Monocots have one cotyledon or embryonic leaf, while eudicots have two. Examples of monocots include grasses, lilies, and orchids, while examples of eudicots include roses, sunflowers, and legumes.
Angiosperms are ecologically and economically important, providing food, shelter, and other resources for many organisms, including humans. They have evolved a wide range of adaptations to different environments, from the desert to the ocean floor, making them one of the most diverse and successful groups of plants on Earth.
Piperidones are not a medical term per se, but rather a chemical classification. They refer to organic compounds that contain a piperidine ring, which is a six-membered saturated heterocyclic ring with five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Specifically, piperidones have a ketone group (a carbonyl functional group, >C=O) attached to one of the carbon atoms in the piperidine ring.
In a medical context, certain piperidone derivatives are used as pharmaceutical agents, particularly in the field of neurology and psychiatry. For instance, some antipsychotic drugs like pipotiazine and paliperidone belong to this class. These medications act as dopamine receptor antagonists and are employed in the treatment of conditions such as schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders.
It is important to note that while piperidones as a chemical class may include various compounds, only specific derivatives have been developed and approved for medical use as pharmaceutical drugs.
Aerial parts of plants refer to the above-ground portions of a plant, including leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. These parts are often used in medicine, either in their entirety or as isolated extracts, to take advantage of their medicinal properties. The specific components of aerial parts that are used in medicine can vary depending on the plant species and the desired therapeutic effects. For example, the leaves of some plants may contain active compounds that have anti-inflammatory or analgesic properties, while the flowers of others may be rich in antioxidants or compounds with sedative effects. In general, aerial parts of plants are used in herbal medicine to treat a wide range of conditions, including respiratory, digestive, and nervous system disorders, as well as skin conditions and infections.
"Areca" is the term used to refer to the Areca catechu plant, which is also known as the betel nut palm. The areca nut, which is the seed of the fruit produced by this plant, is commonly chewed with betel leaf for its mild stimulant effects. It contains a number of alkaloids, including arecoline, which has psychoactive properties. Chewing areca nut is a popular habit in many parts of Asia and the Pacific Islands, despite evidence that it can have negative health effects, such as increasing the risk of oral cancer.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyunsaturated Alkamides" is not a widely recognized medical term or concept. It seems to be a combination of two different terms: "polyunsaturated" which relates to fatty acid chemistry, and "alkamides" which are a type of compound found in certain plants.
1. Polyunsaturated: This term refers to fatty acids that have multiple double bonds in their carbon chain. These fatty acids are essential to the human diet and are commonly found in foods like fish, nuts, and seeds. They are often referred to as Omega-3 or Omega-6 fatty acids.
2. Alkamides: These are a type of compound found in some plants, including Echinacea species. They have been studied for their potential biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Without more context, it's difficult to provide a precise definition or medical interpretation of "Polyunsaturated Alkamides." If you have more information about how these terms are being used together, I'd be happy to try to provide a more specific answer.
Bony callus is a medical term that refers to the specialized tissue that forms in response to a bone fracture. It is a crucial part of the natural healing process, as it helps to stabilize and protect the broken bone while it mends.
When a bone is fractured, the body responds by initiating an inflammatory response, which triggers the production of various cells and signaling molecules that promote healing. As part of this process, specialized cells called osteoblasts begin to produce new bone tissue at the site of the fracture. This tissue is initially soft and pliable, allowing it to bridge the gap between the broken ends of the bone.
Over time, this soft callus gradually hardens and calcifies, forming a bony callus that helps to stabilize the fracture and provide additional support as the bone heals. The bony callus is typically composed of a mixture of woven bone (which is less organized than normal bone) and more structured lamellar bone (which is similar in structure to normal bone).
As the bone continues to heal, the bony callus may be gradually remodeled and reshaped by osteoclasts, which are specialized cells that break down and remove excess or unwanted bone tissue. This process helps to restore the bone's original shape and strength, allowing it to function normally again.
It is worth noting that excessive bony callus formation can sometimes lead to complications, such as stiffness, pain, or decreased range of motion in the affected limb. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove or reduce the size of the bony callus and promote proper healing.
Medicinal plants are defined as those plants that contain naturally occurring chemical compounds which can be used for therapeutic purposes, either directly or indirectly. These plants have been used for centuries in various traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, and Native American medicine, to prevent or treat various health conditions.
Medicinal plants contain a wide variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, among others. These compounds have been found to possess various pharmacological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Medicinal plants can be used in various forms, including whole plant material, extracts, essential oils, and isolated compounds. They can be administered through different routes, such as oral, topical, or respiratory, depending on the desired therapeutic effect.
It is important to note that while medicinal plants have been used safely and effectively for centuries, they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Some medicinal plants can interact with prescription medications or have adverse effects if used inappropriately.
Medical definitions generally do not include plant oils as a specific term. However, in a biological or biochemical context, plant oils, also known as vegetable oils, are defined as lipid extracts derived from various parts of plants such as seeds, fruits, and leaves. They mainly consist of triglycerides, which are esters of glycerol and three fatty acids. The composition of fatty acids can vary between different plant sources, leading to a range of physical and chemical properties that make plant oils useful for various applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Some common examples of plant oils include olive oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, and jojoba oil.
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a volatile, colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive odor similar to that of ethanol (drinking alcohol). It is used in various industrial applications such as the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and other chemicals. In the medical field, methanol is considered a toxic alcohol that can cause severe intoxication and metabolic disturbances when ingested or improperly consumed. Methanol poisoning can lead to neurological symptoms, blindness, and even death if not treated promptly and effectively.
Piperidines are not a medical term per se, but they are a class of organic compounds that have important applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Medically relevant piperidines include various drugs such as some antihistamines, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants.
A piperidine is a heterocyclic amine with a six-membered ring containing five carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. The structure can be described as a cyclic secondary amine. Piperidines are found in some natural alkaloids, such as those derived from the pepper plant (Piper nigrum), which gives piperidines their name.
In a medical context, it is more common to encounter specific drugs that belong to the class of piperidines rather than the term itself.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "New Jersey" is not a medical term or concept. It is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help!
Piper
Piper zarumanum
Piper Niven
George Piper
Herald Piper
Pat Piper
Chris Piper
Roddy Piper
Piper, Iowa
Piper brachystylum
Piper azuaiense
Piper seychellarum
Piper (plant)
Luke Piper
Piper oilfield
Four piper
Piper chimborazoense
Piper mestonii
Piper platylobum
Goon Piper
Cliff Piper
Lloyd Piper
Piper supernum
Christina Piper
Piper's Pool
Piper abalienatum
Piper Ritter
Piper fungiforme
Piper darienense
Piper interruptum
Piper - Wikipedia
Piper zarumanum - Wikipedia
Piper - Chrome Web Store
Billie Piper videos - Dailymotion
Marcella Piper-Terry | ScienceBlogs
Piper McDaniel - Mother Jones
Bill Piper | Truthout
PIPER Definition & Usage Examples | Dictionary.com
John Piper | Desiring God
Little Fuzzy - H. Beam Piper - Google Books
DLA Piper
Piper Turbo Arrow - AOPA
DLA Piper
Piper | Aircraft Spruce
News Briefs - The Piper - Carnegie Mellon University
Urban Dictionary: pay the piper
Piper Perabo Engaged to Stephen Kay
Photo of Piper Seneca (N34KG) - FlightAware
BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Billie Piper to return to Dr Who
Roddy Piper's, the 'Reconciler' Movie to Be Released Next Week
Adrian Piper | Frieze
Piper Jaffray Sees Gold Rush In Cloud Software | InformationWeek
Pied Piper Foundation | Charity Navigator Profile
Tagged With: Piper | Animation World Network
Piper DW[au] - Search Results - PubMed
Obey by Piper Scott - Audiobook - Audible.com
Sentimental Journey: Back to Piper's Birthplace - AVweb
Jessica Piper | IES Abroad
20171
- Academy Award-winning short film 'Piper,' Oscar-nominated 'Pear Cider and Cigarettes,' Theodore Ushev's 'Blind Vaysha,' and more to be spotlighted at FMX 2017. (awn.com)
Billie Piper1
- Actress Billie Piper is to return to Doctor Who, the BBC has confirmed. (bbc.co.uk)
20192
- Good morning, and welcome to the Piper Jaffray Companies conference call to discuss the financial results for the first quarter of 2019. (nasdaq.com)
- And we would like to thank you for joining the call to discuss Piper Jaffray's results for the first quarter of 2019. (nasdaq.com)
20212
- Data protection supervisory authorities across Europe have issued a total of nearly EUR1.1 billion (USD1.2 / GBP0.9 billion) in fines since 28 January 2021, according to international law firm DLA Piper. (dlapiper.com)
- As of 2021, Piper Rockel is worth around 300,000 US dollars. (guanabee.com)
Nigrum4
- Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Piper nigrum ( black pepper ) leaf extract on on the growth performance, proximate composition, hematological parameters , and immune response of Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average weight of 22.14 ± 0.98g. (bvsalud.org)
- Thus, it had been concluded that Piper nigrum , a medicinal plant , can also be used to enhance the growth performance and immune response of Labeo rohita as attractive alternatives against antibiotics and vaccines and has shown no negative side effects on fish health as well as on its environment . (bvsalud.org)
- Resumo Um estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito do extrato da folha de Piper nigrum ( pimenta-do-reino ) sobre o desempenho de crescimento , composição centesimal , parâmetros hematológicos e resposta imune de alevinos de Labeo rohita com peso médio de 22,14 ± 0,98g. (bvsalud.org)
- Assim, concluiu-se que Piper nigrum , uma planta medicinal, também pode ser usado para melhorar o desempenho de crescimento e resposta imunológica de Labeo rohita como alternativas atraentes contra antibióticos e vacinas e não mostrou efeitos colaterais negativos na saúde dos peixes , bem como sobre seu ambiente . (bvsalud.org)
Perabo2
- Piper Perabo is engaged to wed her show's "Covert Affairs" Director Stephen Kay, who was previously linked to Eva Longoria, and according to several reports, Perabo is already busily. (webpronews.com)
- While celeb-watchers wish Piper Perabo and Stephen Kay the best in starting a life together, they are also wondering: Will Piper keep her new brunette locks for her wedding or turn back to the familiar blonde? (webpronews.com)
Search1
- Simply enter the organization's name (Pied Piper Foundation) or EIN (853845600) in the 'Search Term' field. (charitynavigator.org)
Aircraft6
- T he 16th Annual Piper Fly-in, known as 'Sentimental Journey,' took place last week at the birthplace of thousands of Piper aircraft - Lock Haven, Pa. (avweb.com)
- Volunteer John Buchan, one of over 200 volunteers - many of whom are former Piper employees - who make the Sentimental Journey happen, said the bad weather greatly reduced the number of aircraft attending this year. (avweb.com)
- Although the fly-in is open to any and all types of planes, the majority of aircraft attending the fly-in are classic Pipers such as Cubs, Vagabonds and Pacers - airplanes with basic instrumentation designed for fair-weather flying. (avweb.com)
- Piper Aircraft is debuting its M600 at EBACE and announced today that its flagship single-engined turboprop has secured long-awaited European certification. (flightglobal.com)
- Following EU approval in March allowing commercial air transport operations with single-engined turbine aircraft at night and in instrument meteorological conditions (SE-IMC), Piper can also now promote the M600 for the first time to the region's charter operators. (flightglobal.com)
- M600 validation has come about mid-way through a three-month European tour, in which the Pratt & Whitney PT6A-42A-powered aircraft has performed 55 demonstration flights for customers in six cities, Piper says. (flightglobal.com)
Pilots3
- In spite of off-and-on rain throughout the four-day event, over 135 planes managed to arrive at the W.T. Piper Memorial Airport (LHV) from June 20-23, while another 500 or so pilots and Piper aficionados drove to Lock Haven so as not to miss the planes and surrounding activities. (avweb.com)
- And when the rains came and closed the lush grass runway that was the center of flying activities, pilots could visit the nearby Piper Aviation Museum to learn the history of various Piper models from the fabric-and-tube Cubs to the all-metal Cheyennes. (avweb.com)
- To travel from one office to another, Leposavic pilots his own Piper Meridian turboprop with Tucker as his 'co-pilot. (medscape.com)
Glance1
- As they came up Peter piper cast one glance upon them, then hid his face and shuddered. (dictionary.com)
Rats1
- Based on the story of the Pied Piper , who removed the rats from a town, and when not paid, he took their children instead! (urbandictionary.com)
Airplanes2
- And so it is with admittedly more pedestrian airplanes, like the Piper Turbo Arrow. (aopa.org)
- The heavy rains that soaked the fly-in grounds on Saturday reminded some of the locals of the great flood of June 23, 1972, when the nearby Susquehanna River overflowed its banks and enveloped not only the airport but also the Piper factory, destroying dozens of just-completed airplanes and numerous others in various stages of construction. (avweb.com)
Relationship2
- Unsolicited e-mails and information sent to DLA Piper or the independent DLA Piper Relationship firms will not be considered confidential, may be disclosed to others, may not receive a response, and do not create a lawyer-client relationship with DLA Piper or any of the DLA Piper Relationship firms. (dlapiper.com)
- While the couple have not been the most forward about their relationship Piper has alluded to their closeness in the past. (webpronews.com)
Closely1
- These studies were developed in discussion with both Hussey and the Chapter of Chichester Cathedral, and Piper worked closely with the highly skilled weavers in the French town of Felleton in order to realise their vision. (pallant.org.uk)
Year4
- Piper left Doctor Who last year, when Rose was transported into a parallel universe. (bbc.co.uk)
- Piper Jaffray authors Mark Murphy and Brian Schwartz add in an IDC projection that IT software budgets will grow 4.7% a year over the next five years and conclude that actual rate of cloud spending will go up at a 23.9% compound annual growth rate. (informationweek.com)
- Each year, the Piper faithful make the pilgrimage back to the place of their loved ones' birth, Lock Haven, Pa. (avweb.com)
- HARRISON - Christmas Angels come in all forms in Harrison and this year residents, young and old, gathered at the annual Christmas tree lighting ceremony on November 28 to watch as Santa sprinkled seven-year-old Piper Cleveland with his magic dust as she touched the tree to light it. (sunjournal.com)
Species3
- Piper zarumanum is a species of plant in the family Piperaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- Readers expecting an elegant study of the animal kingdom are in for a shock as zoologist Piper showcases legions of oft-overlooked species. (publishersweekly.com)
- Noting that familiar animals such mammals, birds, reptiles, and their relatives account for only "4 per cent of the roughly 1.5 million known animal species," Piper makes good on his titular promise in this impressive study, buoyed by page after page of breathtaking images. (publishersweekly.com)
CLOSE2
- Piper and her mother are very close. (guanabee.com)
- Yes, appears close to images of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (google.com)
Content1
- Piper Rockel is fond of uploading video content with a boyfriend tag. (guanabee.com)
Examples1
- They come to pay homage to the type, gaze upon all the other examples bearing William T.'s name, tour the Piper Aviation Museum and, well, just celebrate flight. (avweb.com)
Conference1
- Piper is ranked in the top 25 in Conference 1A for 1 stat, top 3 in 1A - North for 1 stat. (maxpreps.com)
Show2
- Speaking at the show this morning, Piper president and chief executive Simon Caldecott called EASA approval "a key milestone" for the M600. (flightglobal.com)
- Pied Piper, the Musical is the perfect show for a multi-age group. (pioneerdrama.com)
Years1
- He left the family many years ago when Piper Rockel was still very little. (guanabee.com)
Follow1
- The slap-happy characters range from Old Widow Whiskers, the wise rat who's too slow to follow the Piper, to a silly Dancing Tutor, who creates a new dance called 'Doing the Rat. (pioneerdrama.com)
Built1
- The museum is located in the engineering building next to the old Piper factory, where thousands of Pipers were built from 1937 until the factory permanently closed in 1984. (avweb.com)
Page1
- Investment advisor Piper Jaffray interviewed 100 CIOs and IT managers, then wrote up its conclusions in a 320-page report, neatly summarized by its title: 'The Future Is In the Cloud. (informationweek.com)
Time2
- Well, now it's time to pay the piper. (urbandictionary.com)
- In her essay, Piper wrote that Christmas means to her, "spending time with family and having fun with all and loving and sharing kindness. (sunjournal.com)
Site1
- Below are the current top twelve films that have been filed under the actress Piper Laurie in order of how many times each film has been viewed on site. (traileraddict.com)
Call1
- see call the tune (pay the piper). (dictionary.com)
Global3
- DLA Piper is a global law firm operating through various separate and distinct legal entities. (dlapiper.com)
- Kelsey Piper is a staff writer for Vox's Future Perfect, where she writes about global development, emerging technologies, and catastrophic risks with an effective altruism lens. (thebreakthrough.org)
- DLA Piper has a wealth of Food and Beverage expertise, gained through a strong track record of supporting global organisations and start-ups engaged in all aspects of the manufacturing, supply and sale of food and beverage products. (fdf.org.uk)
Dictionary1
- Look up Piper or piper in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. (wikipedia.org)
Grace1
- OITNB has so far neglected to grace Alex with a sibling, but piper has a brother who has figured prominently. (dictionary.com)
Blue1
- Piper has gorgeous blond hair and blue eyes. (guanabee.com)
John5
- John Piper is founder and teacher of desiringGod.org and chancellor of Bethlehem College & Seminary. (desiringgod.org)
- An appeal from John Piper to become a monthly partner by December 31. (desiringgod.org)
- John Piper will be speaking on "Calvin and the Supremacy of Christ in All Things. (desiringgod.org)
- In response to the cold, dark sacristy at Chichester, Hussey asked Henry Moore to suggest an artist who worked with a bold colour palette, and Moore recommended John Piper. (pallant.org.uk)
- Piper chose to represent the Holy Trinity through abstracted forms, for example the central triangle symbolising the Father and symbols of the Evangelists, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John on the outer panels of the tapestry. (pallant.org.uk)
Book2
- AWN celebrates Hollywood's biggest night out backstage at the 89th Academy Awards, gathering remarks from the Oscar-winning teams behind best animated feature 'Zootopia,' best animated short 'Piper,' and best visual effects for 'The Jungle Book. (awn.com)
- Oscar gold: Walt Disney Animation Studios' 'Zootopia' wins Best Animated Feature, Pixar's 'Piper' wins Best Animated Short, and Disney's live-action remake of 'The Jungle Book' wins Best Visual Effects at the 89th Academy Awards. (awn.com)
Check1
- On check with these keys, it is Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (google.com)