Piperaceae
Piper
Piper betle
Methylene Chloride
Oils, Volatile
XopC and XopJ, two novel type III effector proteins from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. (1/18)
Pathogenicity of the gram-negative plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria depends on a type III secretion (TTS) system which translocates bacterial effector proteins into the plant cell. Previous transcriptome analysis identified a genome-wide regulon of putative virulence genes that are coexpressed with the TTS system. In this study, we characterized two of these genes, xopC and xopJ. Both genes encode Xanthomonas outer proteins (Xops) that were shown to be secreted by the TTS system. In addition, type III-dependent translocation of both proteins into the plant cell was demonstrated using the AvrBs3 effector domain as a reporter. XopJ belongs to the AvrRxv/YopJ family of effector proteins from plant and animal pathogenic bacteria. By contrast, XopC does not share significant homology to proteins in the database. Sequence analysis revealed that the xopC locus contains several features that are reminiscent of pathogenicity islands. Interestingly, the xopC region is flanked by 62-bp inverted repeats that are also associated with members of the Xanthomonas avrBs3 effector family. Besides xopC, a second gene of the locus, designated hpaJ, was shown to be coexpressed with the TTS system. hpaJ encodes a protein with similarity to transglycosylases and to the Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola protein HopPmaG. HpaJ secretion and translocation by the X. campestris pv. vesicatoria TTS system was not detectable, which is consistent with its predicted Sec signal and a putative function as transglycosylase in the bacterial periplasm. (+info)Antibacterial activity of extracts and neolignans from Piper regnellii (Miq.) C. DC. var. pallescens (C. DC.) Yunck. (2/18)
The evaluation of the activity of the aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Piper regnellii was tested against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The aqueous extract displayed a weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1000 micrograms/ml. The ethyl acetate extract presented a good activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC and MBC at 15.62 micrograms/ml. In contrast to the relative low MICs for gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria were not inhibited by the extracts at concentrations < or = 1000 mg/ml. The ethyl acetate extract was fractionated on silica gel into nine fractions. The hexane and chloroform fractions were active against S. aureus (MIC at 3.9 micrograms/ml) and B. subtilis (MIC at 3.9 and 7.8 micrograms/ml, respectively). Using bioactivity-directed fractionation, the hexane fraction was rechromatographed to yield the antimicrobial compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 identified as eupomatenoid-6, eupomatenoid-5, eupomatenoid-3, and conocarpan, respectively. The pure compounds 1 and 2 showed a good activity against S. aureus with MIC of 1.56 micrograms/ml and 3.12 micrograms/ml, respectively. Both compounds presented MIC of 3.12 micrograms/ml against B. subtilis. The pure compound 6 named as conocarpan was quite active against S. aureus and B. subtilis with MIC of 6.25 micrograms/ml. The antibacterial properties of P. regnellii justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds, contaminated through bacteria infections. (+info)(+)-Bornyl piperate, a new monoterpene ester from Piper aff. pedicellatum roots. (3/18)
A new monoterpene ester, (+)-bornyl piperate was isolated from the underground roots of Piper aff. pedicellatum and its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and confirmed by X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a=7.3232(4) A, b=11.4705(7) A, c=23.2520(14) A, V=1943.6(2) A(3). This compound showed an antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H(37)Ra strain) with the minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) of 25 microg/ml. (+info)Pungent qualities of sanshool-related compounds evaluated by a sensory test and activation of rat TRPV1. (4/18)
The detection threshold and taste characteristics of sanshools were examined by sensory evaluation, after isolating four sanshools (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-), and two hydroxy sanshools (alpha- and beta-) from the pericarp of Japanese pepper. The Scoville unit (SU) values of the four sanshools were in the range of 80,000-110,000, while those of hydroxy sanshools were 3-5 fold lower than corresponding sanshools. The pungent qualities of each sanshool were different. Burning and tingling were predominantly perceived and lasted for the longest time with alpha-sanshool. Burning and fresh for gamma-sanshool, and tingling and numbing for hydroxy alpha-sanshool were perceived. Tests on the activation of rat TRPV1 were also performed. All of them were weak agonists. Among them, gamma-sanshool was the most potent agonist, although its EC50 value of 5.3 microM was 230 fold higher than that of capsaicin. These results indicate that it would be difficult to explain the pungent quality of each sanshool simply in terms of TRPV1 activation. (+info)Quantitative analysis of sanshool compounds in Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.) and their pungent characteristics. (5/18)
The distributions of each sanshool in the Japanese pepper plant grown in various regions and the change in composition of sanshools during maturation of the fruit were investigated. The degree of pungency, defined as the amount of a sanshool/the threshold value, was calculated, and the pungent qualities of the products were evaluated and compared. The degree of pungency and amount of a sanshool showed a positive correlation. In young leaves and flowers, the degree of pungency was less than that in the fruits, the main compound being alpha-sanshool, while the two hydroxy sanshools were detected only in trace amounts. The main compound in fruits was hydroxy alpha-sanshool, whose threshold value was higher than that of alpha-sanshool. It is concluded that the pungency of Japanese pepper should be evaluated not only by the threshold values, but also by the pungent qualities, the composition of sanshools, and the usage of each product of Japanese pepper. (+info)From forgotten taxon to a missing link? The position of the genus Verhuellia (piperaceae) revealed by molecules. (6/18)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The species-poor and little-studied genus Verhuellia has often been treated as a synonym of the genus Peperomia, downplaying its significance in the relationships and evolutionary aspects in Piperaceae and Piperales. The lack of knowledge concerning Verhuellia is largely due to its restricted distribution, poorly known collection localities, limited availability in herbaria and absence in botanical gardens and lack of material suitable for molecular phylogenetic studies until recently. Because Verhuellia has some of the most reduced flowers in Piperales, the reconstruction of floral evolution which shows strong trends towards reduction in all lineages needs to be revised. METHODS: Verhuellia is included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Piperales (trnT-trnL-trnF and trnK/matK), based on nearly 6000 aligned characters and more than 1400 potentially parsimony-informative sites which were partly generated for the present study. Character states for stamen and carpel number are mapped on the combined molecular tree to reconstruct the ancestral states. KEY RESULTS: The genus Peperomia is generally considered to have the most reduced flowers in Piperales but this study shows that this is only partially true. Verhuellia, with almost equally reduced flowers, is not part of or sister to Peperomia as expected, but is revealed as sister to all other Piperaceae in all analyses, putting character evolution in this family and in the perianthless Piperales in a different light. A robust phylogenetic analysis including all relevant taxa is presented as a framework for inferring patterns and processes of evolution in Piperales and Piperaceae. CONCLUSIONS: Verhuellia is a further example of how a molecular phylogenetic study can elucidate the relationships of an unplaced taxon. When more material becomes available, it will be possible to investigate character evolution in Piperales more thoroughly and to answer some evolutionary questions concerning Piperaceae. (+info)Dose-dependent in vitro inhibition of rabbit corneal matrix metalloproteinases by an extract of Pothomorphe umbellata after alkali injury. (7/18)
The in vitro ability of Pothomorphe umbellata ethanolic crude extract to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in normal cornea and in cornea after alkali injury was demonstrated. Corneas of albino rabbits were injured with 1 N NaOH for 20 s. After 48 h the corneas were excised, homogenized and analyzed for MMP-9 (92 kDa), pro-MMP-2 (72 kDa) and MMP-2 (67 kDa) activity by gelatin zymography. The activity was also measured in untreated corneas. After electrophoresis of 20 microg protein, gels were incubated with 50, 100, or 250 microg/mL lyophilized hydroethanolic (1:1) root crude extract of P. umbellata standardized for 4-nerolidylcatechol (7.09%). The activity of the enzymes was compared with that of untreated gel. At 48 h after injury, the activity of all MMPs was increased compared with untreated eyes. When the gels were incubated with P. umbellata extract the activity of MMP-2, pro-MMP-2 and MMP-9 decreased in a dose-dependent manner. MMP-9 activity decreased by approximately 50% after incubation with 50 microg/mL and was completely abolished at 100 and 250 microg/mL of the extract. After incubation with 50 microg/mL the activity of pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 also decreased by 50%. The activity of pro-MMP-2 was almost completely abolished after incubation with 250 microg/mL of the extract. For MMP-2 the incubation with 100 or 250 microg/mL of the extract of P. umbellata promoted a 10-fold decrease in activity. In conclusion, P. umbellata root crude extract can be useful as an alternative therapy to control MMP activity after corneal injury. (+info)Cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity of dichloromethane extract and its fractions from Pothomorphe umbellata. (8/18)
The cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane crude extract (DCE), obtained from the aerial parts of Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq (Piperaceae), was evaluated against nine human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, NCI-ADR/RES, OVCAR-3, PC-3, HT-29, NCI-H460, 786-O, UACC-62, K-562). The DCE presented antiproliferative activity with good potency against all cell lines at low concentrations (between 4.0 and 9.5 microg/mL) and with selectivity (1.55 microg/mL) for the leukemia cell line (K-652). DCE (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg, ip) was also evaluated in the Ehrlich ascites tumor model. Both the survival number and the life span of the animals that died increased by at least 45 and 50%, respectively (8 animals per group), demonstrating P. umbellata extract potential anticancer activity. The results of the in vivo antitumor activity prompted the fractionation of the crude extract. The crude extract was submitted to dry column chromatography with dichloromethane-methanol (99:1). The column effluent fractions were extracted with methanol, dried under vacuum yielding fractions FR1 (less polar), FR2 (medium polarity), and FR3 (polar), which were analyzed for their growth inhibition or cytotoxic properties by a 48-h sulforhodamine B cell viability assay by measuring the total protein content. FR1 demonstrated high potency and cytotoxicity, a result compatible with the high toxicity of oxalic acid; FR2, containing 4-nerolidylcathecol, presented the lowest cytotoxic activity compared to the other two fractions but with selectivity for prostate cancer cell line; FR3, containing a mixture of steroids described in the literature as possessing various biological activities, also presented potent anticancer in vitro activity. These results suggest that P. umbellata DCE in vivo antitumor activity may be a consequence of the activity of different active principles. (+info)Piperaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category in botany, referring to the Pepper family of flowering plants. However, I can provide some general information about it.
Piperaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes around 3,600 species distributed across 55 genera. The family is particularly diverse in tropical regions, and many of its members are economically important as spices, ornamentals, and medicinal plants.
One of the most well-known members of Piperaceae is Piper nigrum, which produces black pepper, one of the most commonly used spices worldwide. Another member of the family is Piper methysticum, also known as kava, a plant native to the Pacific Islands that has been traditionally used for medicinal and ceremonial purposes.
While Piperaceae is not a medical term itself, some of its members have medicinal properties and are used in various traditional medicine systems. For example, black pepper has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for its anti-inflammatory and digestive properties, while kava has been used to treat anxiety and insomnia. However, it's important to note that the scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited, and more research is needed to confirm their safety and efficacy.
"Piper" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants in the family Piperaceae, which includes black pepper and many other species. In some cases, "piper" may refer to piperazine, a class of medications used to treat various conditions such as intestinal worm infections and symptoms of mental disorders. However, it's not a commonly used medical term.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Peperomia" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants in the family Piperaceae, commonly known as radiator plants or baby rubber plants. These plants are popular as houseplants due to their attractive foliage and ease of care. If you have any questions about a specific medical concern or condition, I would be happy to try to help with that instead.
'Piper betle' is not a medical term, but a botanical name for a plant also known as the betel vine or betel pepper. It is commonly found in Southeast Asian countries and is used in various traditional medicinal practices. The leaves of this plant are often chewed along with other substances like tobacco and slaked lime for their mild stimulant and psychoactive effects.
In a medical context, 'Piper betle' may be mentioned in relation to its potential pharmacological properties or possible health benefits/risks associated with its use. However, it is not considered a standard medical treatment or therapy.
Methylene chloride, also known as dichloromethane, is an organic compound with the formula CH2Cl2. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a mild sweet aroma. In terms of medical definitions, methylene chloride is not typically included due to its primarily industrial uses. However, it is important to note that exposure to high levels of methylene chloride can cause harmful health effects, including irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; headaches; dizziness; and, at very high concentrations, unconsciousness and death. Chronic exposure to methylene chloride has been linked to liver toxicity, and it is considered a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
Volatile oils, also known as essential oils, are a type of organic compound that are naturally produced in plants. They are called "volatile" because they evaporate quickly at room temperature due to their high vapor pressure. These oils are composed of complex mixtures of various compounds, including terpenes, terpenoids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and alcohols. They are responsible for the characteristic aroma and flavor of many plants and are often used in perfumes, flavors, and aromatherapy. In a medical context, volatile oils may have therapeutic properties and be used in certain medications or treatments, but it's important to note that they can also cause adverse reactions if not used properly.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Piperaceae
Piper marginatum
List of early-diverging flowering plant families
Betel
Kava
Piper sylvaticum
Black titi monkey
Piper salicinum
Lindley system
APG IV system
Reveal system
Pearl body
Piper guahamense
Tongan Kava Ceremony-Taumafa Kava
Manekia
Papilio hectorides
Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
Betel nut chewing
Peperomia vellarimalica
Papilio thoas
Peperomia
APG III system
Piper kadsura
Kaeng khae
Nils Johan Andersson
Consul (butterfly)
Heliodinidae
Piper retrofractum
Amaro Macedo
Geogenanthus poeppigii
Piperaceae - Wikipedia
Piperales, Piperaceae, Peperomiaceae, Saururaceae - Friedrich A. Lohmueller photo gallery flowers and Plants - Blumen und...
Flora of the Guianas, Series A: 24: 7. Hernandiaceae, 8. Chloranthaceae, 9. Piperaceae | NHBS Academic & Professional Books
Biocidal effects of Piper hispidinervum (Piperaceae) essential oil and synergism among its main components. - Colorado Potato...
Histochemical observations in Piper malgassicum (Piperaceae) with a special focus on the epidermis
pepper family - Encyclopedia of Life
Piper sylvaticum {Piperaceae} Pahari Pipul, Mountain Long Pepper
Hebe (Koromiko) - Piperaceae - Native Plants - Wairoa Community Ngahere Nursery
Peperomia nitida 'Variegata', Piperaceae (hanging) (0.3m) - IM Garden Mart
Medicinal Use of Pepper - Piper Nigrum (Piperaceae) | Herbs and Remedies
Registration Dossier - ECHA
PDF) A Review on Therapeutic Potential of Piper nigrum L. (Black Pepper): The King of Spices
Piperales
HYPOGLYCEMIC, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF PEPEROMEA PELLUCIDA (L.) HBK (PIPERACEAE) | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF...
Geneva Herbaria Catalogue
Piper nigrum Black Pepper PFAF Plant Database
Geneva Herbaria Catalogue
Effect of ethanolic extracts from Piperaceae leaves on the reduction of skin necrosis and wound healing in an animal model of...
Biosphoto : Agence Photographique spécialisée dans la Nature et l'Environnement
The extraordinary journey of Peperomia subgenus Tildenia (Piperaceae): Insights into diversification and colonization patterns...
Piper aequale | University of Michigan Herbarium Catalog Collection | University of Michigan Library Digital Collections
NParks | Piper betle
Colección de plantas vasculares de Brasil del Herbario 'Jaime Andrés Rodríguez'. LEB-Brasil
SciELO - Acta Botanica Brasilica, Volume: 17, Issue: 3, Published: 2003
Peperomia tetraphylla</i>...
8 of Our Favorite Herbs for Stress* and Mild, Occasional Anxiety*
Cubeba lanata | International Plant Names Index
Peperomia macgregorii | International Plant Names Index
Piper9
- The name Piperaceae is likely to be derived from the Sanskrit term pippali, Sanskrit: पिप्पली which is originated from Tamil word thippàli,Tamil: திப்பிலி which mean hot sensation on top of tongue and it's belong to pepper family which was used to describe long peppers (like those of Piper longum). (wikipedia.org)
- Biocidal effects of Piper hispidinervum (Piperaceae) essential oil and synergism among its main components. (potatobeetle.org)
- Essential Oil of Piper nigrum L. (Family: Piperaceae). (europa.eu)
- Piper nigrum L. (Family Piperaceae) is a well known spice considered as ''The King of spices'' among various spices. (researchgate.net)
- Piper nigrum (family Piperaceae) is a valuable m edicinal plant. (researchgate.net)
- A synopsis of Thai Piper (Piperaceae). (nparks.gov.sg)
- Piper retrofractum is an economically and medicinally important species in the genus Piper (Piperaceae). (thieme-connect.com)
- The Betel Pepper ( Piper betel - Family Piperaceae) is cultivated for its spicy leaves. (innvista.com)
- The piperine content in various parts of Piper longum (Piperaceae) plant, and its variation with maturity in the berries were studied by HPLC analysis. (who.int)
Peperomia1
- Peperomia nitida 'Variegata', Piperaceae (hanging) (0.3m) is backordered and will ship as soon as it is back in stock. (imgardenmart.com)
Species2
- Fascicle 24 covers the families Hernandiaceae (3 genera and 24 species in the Neotropics), Chloranthaceae (1 genus and 44 species in the Neotropics), and Piperaceae (2 genera and 88 species specifically in the Guianas). (nhbs.com)
- To assess the effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of three species of plants from the Piperaceae family on reducing necrosis and enhancing wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries . (bvsalud.org)
Family3
- The Piperaceae (/ˌpɪpəˈreɪʃiː/), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. (wikipedia.org)
- Numerous members of the Piperaceae family are used in the traditional medicinal systems of indigenous population for a wide variety of illnesses. (wikipedia.org)
- Piperaceae (Pepper Family) is a family of plants . (eol.org)
Lauraceae1
- besides the lauraceae and piperaceae, the illiciaceae is another natural source of safrole. (erowid.org)
Herbs1
- Members of the Piperaceae may be small trees, shrubs, or herbs. (wikipedia.org)
Black1
- and Piperaceae, which includes black pepper. (iflscience.com)
Leaves1
- Effect of ethanolic extracts from Piperaceae leaves on the reduction of skin necrosis and wound healing in an animal model of degloving injuries. (bvsalud.org)
Genus1
- Chili peppers are completely unrelated to the Piperaceae genus, which Black pepper is from. (wikipedia.org)
Known as the pepper family2
- The Piperaceae (/ˌpɪpəˈreɪʃiː/), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. (wikipedia.org)
- Piperaceae is commonly known as the pepper family. (myplantin.com)
Flora1
- Flora of North America - Piperaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Plant Family1
- Peperomias are part of the Piperaceae plant family which contains a number of delightful and popular houseplants. (ngb.org)