Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.
A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).
Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR.
Abnormal placentation in which all or parts of the PLACENTA are attached directly to the MYOMETRIUM due to a complete or partial absence of DECIDUA. It is associated with POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE because of the failure of placental separation.
A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).
The threadlike, vascular projections of the chorion. Chorionic villi may be free or embedded within the DECIDUA forming the site for exchange of substances between fetal and maternal blood (PLACENTA).
Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.
Proteins produced by organs of the mother or the PLACENTA during PREGNANCY. These proteins may be pregnancy-specific (present only during pregnancy) or pregnancy-associated (present during pregnancy or under other conditions such as hormone therapy or certain malignancies.)
The development of the PLACENTA, a highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and FETUS. The process begins at FERTILIZATION, through the development of CYTOTROPHOBLASTS and SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS, the formation of CHORIONIC VILLI, to the progressive increase in BLOOD VESSELS to support the growing fetus.
The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.
The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.
The thin layers of tissue that surround the developing embryo. There are four extra-embryonic membranes commonly found in VERTEBRATES, such as REPTILES; BIRDS; and MAMMALS. They are the YOLK SAC, the ALLANTOIS, the AMNION, and the CHORION. These membranes provide protection and means to transport nutrients and wastes.
The outermost extra-embryonic membrane surrounding the developing embryo. In REPTILES and BIRDS, it adheres to the shell and allows exchange of gases between the egg and its environment. In MAMMALS, the chorion evolves into the fetal contribution of the PLACENTA.
The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.
The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The beginning third of a human PREGNANCY, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (MENSTRUATION) through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation.
A polypeptide hormone of approximately 25 kDa that is produced by the SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS of the PLACENTA, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both GROWTH HORMONE and PROLACTIN activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an insulin antagonist.
The hormone-responsive glandular layer of ENDOMETRIUM that sloughs off at each menstrual flow (decidua menstrualis) or at the termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the thickest part of the decidua forms the maternal portion of the PLACENTA, thus named decidua placentalis. The thin portion of the decidua covering the rest of the embryo is the decidua capsularis.
An absence or reduced level of Antithrombin III leading to an increased risk for thrombosis.
A plasma alpha 2 glycoprotein that accounts for the major antithrombin activity of normal plasma and also inhibits several other enzymes. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.
An autosomal dominant disorder showing decreased levels of plasma protein S antigen or activity, associated with venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. PROTEIN S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein that inhibits blood clotting by serving as a cofactor for activated PROTEIN C (also a vitamin K-dependent protein), and the clinical manifestations of its deficiency are virtually identical to those of protein C deficiency. Treatment with heparin for acute thrombotic processes is usually followed by maintenance administration of coumarin drugs for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1511; Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology, 9th ed, p1523)
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.
An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN.
Endogenous factors and drugs that directly inhibit the action of THROMBIN, usually by blocking its enzymatic activity. They are distinguished from INDIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS, such as HEPARIN, which act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of antithrombins.

Focal aneurysmal dilatation of subchorionic vessels simulating chorioangioma. (1/362)

Subchorionic vascular aneurysms of the placenta are rare lesions and may present confusion with chorioangioma or focal mesenchymal dysplasia on sonography. To our knowledge, the findings of placental aneurysms have not been reported in the ultrasound literature. We present a case with detailed sonographic evaluation, including spectral and color Doppler and pathological analysis, that was mistaken for chorioangioma prenatally. Knowledge of this benign entity may allow the sonologist to recommend conservative management in similar cases.  (+info)

Immunity to placental malaria. I. Elevated production of interferon-gamma by placental blood mononuclear cells is associated with protection in an area with high transmission of malaria. (2/362)

In areas in which malaria is holoendemic, primigravidae and secundigravidae, compared with multigravidae, are highly susceptible to placental malaria (PM). The nature of gravidity-dependent immune protection against PM was investigated by measuring in vitro production of cytokines by placental intervillous blood mononuclear cells (IVBMC). The results demonstrated that interferon (IFN)-gamma may be a critical factor in protection against PM: production of this cytokine by PM-negative multigravid IVBMC was elevated compared with PM-negative primigravid and secundigravid and PM-positive multigravid cells. Low IFN-gamma responsiveness to malarial antigen stimulation, most evident in the latter group, was balanced by increased interleukin (IL)-4 production, suggesting that counter-regulation of these two cytokines may be a crucial determinant in susceptibility to PM. A counter-regulatory relationship between IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was also observed in response to malarial antigen stimulation. These data suggest that elevated production of IFN-gamma, as part of a carefully regulated cytokine network, is important in the control of PM.  (+info)

The factor V Leiden mutation in Japanese couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion. (3/362)

Thrombosis of placental vessels can be a major cause of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, a single point mutation in the factor V gene, is the most common genetic predisposition to thrombosis in European countries and the United States. However, even among Caucasian populations, the association between the FVL mutation and RSA is still controversial. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of the FVL mutation in Japanese women who have experienced RSA and to clarify the contribution of the FVL mutation to recurrent miscarriages. A total of 52 Japanese women with a history of three or more consecutive idiopathic first trimester miscarriages and 41 of their male partners were studied. The control group consisted of 55 parous women without obstetric complications. Peripheral blood cell DNA was examined for the presence of the FVL alleles by polymerase chain reaction with Mnl I restriction fragment length polymorphisms. None of the 52 women with RSA and the 41 partners carried the mutation. We also found no subject carrying the FVL alleles in the control group. These results suggest that the FVL alleles are not concentrated in women with RSA at least to clinically significant levels and that there is no apparent association between the FVL mutation and RSA in our Japanese population.  (+info)

Maternal serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and -3 and fetal growth. (4/362)

This was a prospective observational study of maternal insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and -3 and fetal growth in 141 pregnant women after 24 weeks gestation who were scanned and venesected fortnightly. Cases (birthweight <5th centile) were sub-divided into those with growth restriction due to placental dysfunction (n = 25) and normal small (n = 27) and there were 89 normally grown controls. Maternal binding protein-3 was measured by radioimmunoassay and the overall pattern of the binding proteins and their proteolytic modifications were assessed by Western ligand blotting and immunoblotting followed by densitometric analysis. In controls, there was no correlation between binding protein-3 and birthweight, and binding protein-3 was elevated in the normal small but not the placental dysfunction group. Complete proteolysis of the 40 kDa doublet of binding protein-3 was observed in all pregnancies. Maternal serum binding protein-2 concentrations were unchanged in normal pregnancy compared to non-pregnant controls but elevated in the growth-restricted group and in all pregnancies binding protein-2 was predominantly present as a 14 kDa proteolysed fragment. These results suggest that compensatory changes in binding protein-2 and -3 or their proteolysis do not increase bioavailability and so do not confound the low maternal insulin-like growth factor-I in growth restricted pregnancies.  (+info)

Pathophysiology and treatment of fetal anemia due to placental chorioangioma. (5/362)

Placental chorioangiomas occur in 1% of pregnancies. Large chorioangiomas may cause serious complications such as fetal anemia, hydrops and fetal death. In this case report, a pregnancy complicated by a large placental chorioangioma is described. Severe fetal anemia without the occurrence of hydrops fetalis was suspected using ultrasound and Doppler examinations. Successful intrauterine blood transfusion was performed, with an unusually large amount of blood needed to obtain an adequate rise in fetal hematocrit. Two weeks later, at 32 weeks, the infant was born in good condition. In pregnancies with large chorioangiomas, we advise regular ultrasound and Doppler examinations, with the aim of detecting fetal anemia before hydrops develops. When anemia is suspected, fetal blood sampling is indicated and intrauterine transfusion therapy may be beneficial to preserve fetal health until maturity is reached.  (+info)

The role of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 phosphoisoforms in pregnancies with impaired placental function identified by doppler ultrasound. (6/362)

This study was performed to investigate the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of trophoblast invasion and impaired placentation in human pregnancy. The role of total and non-phosphorylated IGFBP-1 in women with fetal growth restriction and in high risk pregnancies identified by uterine artery Doppler ultrasound screening was examined. This was a prospective study of women booked for antenatal care having second trimester anomaly scans and Doppler screening between 22-26 weeks gestation. Women were divided into three groups and compared: normal uterine artery Doppler and normal fetal growth (control group, n = 10); abnormal Doppler and normal fetal growth [bilateral uterine artery notches (BN; n = 16); abnormal Doppler and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; n = 8)]. Maternal serum was collected, stored and assayed simultaneously for total and non-phosphorylated IGFBP-1. There was elevated total and non-phosphorylated IGFBP-1 (mean 44.99 +/- 12.19 and 29.61 +/- 10.38 microg/l respectively) in the IUGR group compared with controls (mean 17.96 +/- 3.24 and 12.18 +/- 1.55 microg/l, P < 0.05). This finding suggests that the various IGFBP-1 isoforms, the degree of phosphorylation and the ratios of these different forms locally may be important during trophoblast invasion and may be implicated in clinical manifestations of impaired placentation later in the second trimester.  (+info)

The metabolic effect of antenatal corticosteroid therapy. (7/362)

The use of antenatal dexamethasone to mature the fetal lung in pregnancies likely to deliver before 34 weeks is almost universal. It reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn and results in an overall improvement in neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although considered to be generally safe, there are concerns about adverse maternal and fetal effects. In a series of studies, we have found that antenatal dexamethasone administration is associated with reduced placental hormone production and maternal bone formation, impaired glucose tolerance and altered function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this article, we have compared our data with other reports in the human and reviewed the relevant animal data. We conclude that further studies on the long-term effects of antenatal dexamethasone therapy in the human are warranted with particular emphasis on the long-term effects on the fetus.  (+info)

Effects of massive doses of ergocalciferol plus cholesterol on pregnant rats and their offspring. (8/362)

Ergocalciferol (320,000 or 480,000 IU/kg) plus cholesterol (60 mg/kg) in olive oil solution was administered daily on 1, 2, or 4 consecutive days to pregnant rats from 9,10, 14, or 18 of gestation. The control animals received only olive oil. Disseminated lesions of metastic calcinosis were found in various tissues, in the coronary arteries and myocardium, in the media of the abnormal aorta, in the lung and pleura, in the gastoinstestinal tract, and in the kidney. This is in contrast to the atherosclerosis described in nonpregnant rats fed a similiar diet. A significant decline in maternal weight as well as a high rate of morbidity and mortality was observed. In mothers killed on day 22 of pregnancy, fetal and placental growths appeared significantly retarded suggesting a direct effect of the steroid or its more active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, on the fetus or the trophoblastic tissue. Fetal bone lesionsassociated with a generalized retardation of ossification, placental edema, or calcification accompanied by a loss of the normal structure of the placenta and degenerative manifestation at this level were observed. Moreover, we noted a striking alteration of the fetal face in 33-39% of experimental fetuses, called by us carnival fetuses.  (+info)

Placental diseases, also known as placental pathologies, refer to a group of conditions that affect the development and function of the placenta during pregnancy. The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus while removing waste products.

Placental diseases can have serious consequences for both the mother and the fetus, including preterm labor, growth restriction, stillbirth, and long-term health problems for the child. Some common placental diseases include:

1. Placental abruption: This occurs when the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, causing bleeding and potentially harming the fetus.
2. Placental previa: This is a condition where the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus, covering the cervix. It can cause bleeding and may require cesarean delivery.
3. Preeclampsia: This is a pregnancy-related disorder characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Placental dysfunction is thought to play a role in its development.
4. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): This occurs when the fetus does not grow properly due to poor placental function, leading to low birth weight and potential health problems.
5. Chorioamnionitis: This is an infection of the membranes surrounding the fetus, which can lead to preterm labor and other complications.
6. Placental infarction: This occurs when a portion of the placenta dies due to a lack of blood flow, which can lead to growth restriction or stillbirth.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of placental diseases are essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the fetus.

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing baby through the umbilical cord. It also removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's side of the placenta contains many tiny blood vessels that connect to the baby's circulatory system. This allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the mother's and baby's blood. After the baby is born, the placenta is usually expelled from the uterus in a process called afterbirth.

Placenta previa is a medical condition that occurs during pregnancy where the placenta partially or fully covers the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the birth canal. This condition can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, and it may lead to other complications such as preterm labor and delivery. Placenta previa is typically diagnosed through an ultrasound exam and managed with close monitoring, bed rest, and sometimes cesarean delivery.

Placenta accreta is a medical condition where the placenta grows too deeply into the uterine wall, beyond the normal depth. In a healthy pregnancy, the placenta attaches to the uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus through the umbilical cord. However, in placenta accreta, the placental tissue invades the muscle of the uterus, which can cause complications during childbirth.

There are three types of placenta accreta:

1. Placenta Accreta: The placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall but does not penetrate the uterine muscle.
2. Placenta Increta: The placenta grows into and partially penetrates the uterine muscle.
3. Placenta Percreta: The placenta fully penetrates the uterine muscle and can grow into nearby organs, such as the bladder or bowel.

Placenta accreta is a serious condition that can cause severe bleeding during childbirth, which may require an emergency hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) to control the bleeding. It is more common in women who have had previous cesarean sections or other uterine surgeries.

Retained placenta is a medical condition that occurs when all or part of the placenta remains in the uterus after delivery, instead of being expelled naturally. Normally, the placenta separates from the uterine wall and is delivered within 30 minutes of childbirth. However, if the placenta is not completely delivered, it can lead to complications such as infection, heavy bleeding, and in rare cases, infertility or even death.

Retained placenta can be caused by various factors, including a weakened uterine muscle tone, an abnormally attached placenta, or a retained portion of the membranes. Treatment for retained placenta typically involves manual removal of the remaining tissue by a healthcare professional, often under anesthesia. In some cases, medication may be used to help promote contraction of the uterus and expulsion of the placenta.

It is important to seek medical attention promptly if a retained placenta is suspected, as timely treatment can help prevent potentially serious complications.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

Trophoblasts are specialized cells that make up the outer layer of a blastocyst, which is a hollow ball of cells that forms in the earliest stages of embryonic development. In humans, this process occurs about 5-6 days after fertilization. The blastocyst consists of an inner cell mass (which will eventually become the embryo) and an outer layer of trophoblasts.

Trophoblasts play a crucial role in implantation, which is the process by which the blastocyst attaches to and invades the lining of the uterus. Once implanted, the trophoblasts differentiate into two main layers: the cytotrophoblasts (which are closer to the inner cell mass) and the syncytiotrophoblasts (which form a multinucleated layer that is in direct contact with the maternal tissues).

The cytotrophoblasts proliferate and fuse to form the syncytiotrophoblasts, which have several important functions. They secrete enzymes that help to degrade and remodel the extracellular matrix of the uterine lining, allowing the blastocyst to implant more deeply. They also form a barrier between the maternal and fetal tissues, helping to protect the developing embryo from the mother's immune system.

Additionally, trophoblasts are responsible for the formation of the placenta, which provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes waste products. The syncytiotrophoblasts in particular play a key role in this process by secreting hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which helps to maintain pregnancy, and by forming blood vessels that allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste between the mother and fetus.

Abnormalities in trophoblast development or function can lead to a variety of pregnancy-related complications, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and gestational trophoblastic diseases such as hydatidiform moles and choriocarcinomas.

Chorionic villi are finger-like projections of the chorion, which is the outermost extraembryonic membrane in a developing embryo. These structures are composed of both fetal and maternal tissues and play a crucial role in the early stages of pregnancy by providing a site for exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus.

Chorionic villi contain fetal blood vessels that are surrounded by stromal cells, trophoblasts, and connective tissue. They are formed during the process of implantation, when the fertilized egg attaches to the uterine wall. The chorionic villi continue to grow and multiply as the placenta develops, eventually forming a highly vascular and specialized organ that supports fetal growth and development throughout pregnancy.

One important function of chorionic villi is to serve as the site for the production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that can be detected in the mother's blood and urine during early pregnancy. This hormone plays a critical role in maintaining pregnancy by signaling the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone, which helps to prevent menstruation and support fetal growth.

Abnormalities in chorionic villi can lead to various pregnancy complications, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, or intrauterine growth restriction. For this reason, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a diagnostic procedure that may be performed during early pregnancy to obtain fetal cells for genetic testing and diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities or other genetic disorders.

Maternal-fetal exchange, also known as maternal-fetal transport or placental transfer, refers to the physiological process by which various substances are exchanged between the mother and fetus through the placenta. This exchange includes the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream to the fetal bloodstream, as well as the removal of waste products and carbon dioxide from the fetal bloodstream to the mother's bloodstream.

The process occurs via passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport mechanisms across the placental barrier, which is composed of fetal capillary endothelial cells, the extracellular matrix, and the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. The maternal-fetal exchange is crucial for the growth, development, and survival of the fetus throughout pregnancy.

"Pregnancy proteins" is not a standard medical term, but it may refer to specific proteins that are produced or have increased levels during pregnancy. Two common pregnancy-related proteins are:

1. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): A hormone produced by the placenta shortly after fertilization. It is often detected in urine or blood tests to confirm pregnancy. Its primary function is to maintain the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone and estrogen during early pregnancy until the placenta takes over these functions.

2. Pregnancy-Specific beta-1 Glycoprotein (SP1): A protein produced by the placental trophoblasts during pregnancy. Its function is not well understood, but it may play a role in implantation, placentation, and protection against the mother's immune system. SP1 levels increase throughout pregnancy and are used as a marker for fetal growth and well-being.

These proteins have clinical significance in monitoring pregnancy progression, detecting potential complications, and diagnosing certain pregnancy-related conditions.

Placentation is the process by which the placenta, an organ that provides nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus and removes waste products, is formed and develops during pregnancy. It involves the attachment of the fertilized egg (embryo) to the uterine wall and the development of specialized structures that facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the mother and the fetus.

In humans, placentation begins when the embryo implants into the endometrium, or the lining of the uterus, about 6-10 days after fertilization. The outer layer of the embryo, called the trophoblast, invades the endometrial tissue and forms a structure called the placenta.

The placenta consists of both maternal and fetal tissues. The fetal portion of the placenta is derived from the chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections that develop on the surface of the embryo and increase the surface area for exchange. The maternal portion of the placenta is made up of modified endometrial tissue called decidua.

The placenta grows and develops throughout pregnancy, providing a vital connection between the mother and fetus. Proper placentation is essential for a healthy pregnancy and fetal development. Abnormalities in placentation can lead to complications such as preeclampsia, preterm labor, and intrauterine growth restriction.

A fetus is the developing offspring in a mammal, from the end of the embryonic period (approximately 8 weeks after fertilization in humans) until birth. In humans, the fetal stage of development starts from the eleventh week of pregnancy and continues until childbirth, which is termed as full-term pregnancy at around 37 to 40 weeks of gestation. During this time, the organ systems become fully developed and the body grows in size. The fetus is surrounded by the amniotic fluid within the amniotic sac and is connected to the placenta via the umbilical cord, through which it receives nutrients and oxygen from the mother. Regular prenatal care is essential during this period to monitor the growth and development of the fetus and ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.

Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder, typically characterized by the onset of high blood pressure (hypertension) and damage to organs, such as the kidneys, after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is often accompanied by proteinuria, which is the presence of excess protein in the urine. Pre-eclampsia can lead to serious complications for both the mother and the baby if left untreated or unmanaged.

The exact causes of pre-eclampsia are not fully understood, but it is believed that placental issues, genetic factors, and immune system problems may contribute to its development. Risk factors include first-time pregnancies, history of pre-eclampsia in previous pregnancies, chronic hypertension, obesity, older age (35 or older), and assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies.

Pre-eclampsia can progress to a more severe form called eclampsia, which is characterized by the onset of seizures. HELLP syndrome, another severe complication, involves hemolysis (breaking down of red blood cells), elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.

Early detection and management of pre-eclampsia are crucial to prevent severe complications. Regular prenatal care, including frequent blood pressure checks and urine tests, can help identify early signs of the condition. Treatment typically involves close monitoring, medication to lower blood pressure, corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity, and, in some cases, delivery of the baby if the mother's or baby's health is at risk.

Gestational age is the length of time that has passed since the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) in pregnant women. It is the standard unit used to estimate the age of a pregnancy and is typically expressed in weeks. This measure is used because the exact date of conception is often not known, but the start of the last menstrual period is usually easier to recall.

It's important to note that since ovulation typically occurs around two weeks after the start of the LMP, gestational age is approximately two weeks longer than fetal age, which is the actual time elapsed since conception. Medical professionals use both gestational and fetal age to track the development and growth of the fetus during pregnancy.

Extraembryonic membranes are specialized structures that form around the developing embryo in utero and provide vital support and protection during fetal development. There are three main extraembryonic membranes: the amnion, the chorion, and the allantois.

The amnion is the innermost membrane that surrounds the embryo itself, forming a fluid-filled sac known as the amniotic cavity. This sac provides a protective cushion for the developing embryo and helps to regulate its temperature and moisture levels.

The chorion is the outermost of the extraembryonic membranes, and it forms the boundary between the developing fetus and the mother's uterine wall. The chorion contains blood vessels that exchange nutrients and waste products with the mother's circulation, allowing for the growth and development of the fetus.

The allantois is a small membranous sac that arises from the developing fetal gut and eventually becomes part of the umbilical cord. It serves as a reservoir for fetal urine and helps to exchange waste products between the fetal and maternal circulations.

Together, these extraembryonic membranes play a critical role in supporting fetal development and ensuring a healthy pregnancy.

The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane that surrounds the developing conceptus (the embryo or fetus and its supporting structures). It forms early in pregnancy as an extraembryonic structure, meaning it arises from cells that will not become part of the actual body of the developing organism. The chorion plays a crucial role in pregnancy by contributing to the formation of the placenta, which provides nutrients and oxygen to the growing embryo/fetus and removes waste products.

One of the most important functions of the chorion is to produce human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone that signals the presence of pregnancy and maintains the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that produces progesterone during early pregnancy. Progesterone is essential for preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining the pregnancy.

The chorion consists of two layers: an inner cytotrophoblast layer and an outer syncytiotrophoblast layer. The cytotrophoblast layer is made up of individual cells, while the syncytiotrophoblast layer is a multinucleated mass of fused cytotrophoblast cells. These layers interact with the maternal endometrium (the lining of the uterus) to form the placenta and facilitate exchange between the mother and the developing fetus.

In summary, the chorion is a vital extraembryonic structure in pregnancy that contributes to the formation of the placenta, produces hCG, and interacts with the maternal endometrium to support fetal development.

The third trimester of pregnancy is the final stage of pregnancy that lasts from week 29 until birth, which typically occurs around the 40th week. During this period, the fetus continues to grow and mature, gaining weight rapidly. The mother's body also prepares for childbirth by dilating the cervix and producing milk in preparation for breastfeeding. Regular prenatal care is crucial during this time to monitor the health of both the mother and the developing fetus, as well as to prepare for delivery.

"Animal pregnancy" is not a term that is typically used in medical definitions. However, in biological terms, animal pregnancy refers to the condition where a fertilized egg (or eggs) implants and develops inside the reproductive tract of a female animal, leading to the birth of offspring (live young).

The specific details of animal pregnancy can vary widely between different species, with some animals exhibiting phenomena such as placental development, gestation periods, and hormonal changes that are similar to human pregnancy, while others may have very different reproductive strategies.

It's worth noting that the study of animal pregnancy and reproduction is an important area of biological research, as it can provide insights into fundamental mechanisms of embryonic development, genetics, and evolution.

The first trimester of pregnancy is defined as the period of gestational development that extends from conception (fertilization of the egg by sperm) to the end of the 13th week. This critical phase marks significant transformations in both the mother's body and the growing embryo/fetus.

During the first trimester, the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining (implantation), initiating a series of complex interactions leading to the formation of the placenta - an organ essential for providing nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus while removing waste products. Simultaneously, the embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation, giving rise to various organs and systems. By the end of the first trimester, most major structures are present, although they continue to mature and grow throughout pregnancy.

The mother may experience several physiological changes during this time, including:
- Morning sickness (nausea and vomiting)
- Fatigue
- Breast tenderness
- Frequent urination
- Food aversions or cravings
- Mood swings

Additionally, hormonal shifts can cause various symptoms and prepare the body for potential changes in lactation, posture, and pelvic alignment as pregnancy progresses. Regular prenatal care is crucial during this period to monitor both maternal and fetal wellbeing, identify any potential complications early on, and provide appropriate guidance and support throughout the pregnancy.

Placental lactogen is a hormone produced by the placenta during pregnancy in humans and some other mammals. It is similar in structure to human growth hormone and prolactin, and has both growth-promoting and lactogenic (milk-producing) properties. Placental lactogen plays an important role in regulating maternal metabolism during pregnancy, promoting the growth and development of the fetus, and preparing the mother's body for lactation after birth. It helps to stimulate the growth of the mammary glands and the production of milk by increasing the availability of nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in the mother's bloodstream. Placental lactogen also helps to regulate the mother's insulin sensitivity, which can affect her energy levels and the growth of the fetus.

The decidua is a specialized type of tissue that lines the uterus during pregnancy. It forms after the implantation of a fertilized egg (embryo) into the uterine lining, and it plays an important role in supporting the growth and development of the embryo and fetus.

The decidua is composed of several layers, including the decidual capsularis, which surrounds the embryo, and the decidual parietalis, which lines the rest of the uterus. The tissue is rich in blood vessels and contains a variety of immune cells that help to protect the developing fetus from infection.

During pregnancy, the decidua produces various hormones and growth factors that support the growth of the placenta, which provides nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. After the birth of the baby, the decidua is shed along with the placenta in a process called childbirth or parturition.

It's worth noting that abnormalities in the decidua can contribute to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, preterm labor, and miscarriage.

Antithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to regulate blood clotting. ATIII is a protein produced in the liver that inhibits the activity of thrombin and other coagulation factors, preventing excessive clot formation.

People with ATIII deficiency have lower than normal levels of this protein, which can lead to an increased risk of developing abnormal blood clots (thrombosis) in veins, particularly deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). These clots can cause serious complications, including damage to the affected veins, organ damage, and even death.

ATIII deficiency can be classified into two types: type I and type II. Type I is characterized by a quantitative decrease in ATIII levels, while type II is characterized by a qualitative defect that results in reduced functional activity of the protein.

The condition is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a person has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene mutation from an affected parent. However, some cases may occur spontaneously due to new mutations in the ATIII gene. Treatment for ATIII deficiency typically involves anticoagulation therapy with medications such as heparin or warfarin to prevent blood clots from forming.

Antithrombin III is a protein that inhibits the formation of blood clots (thrombi) in the body. It does this by inactivating several enzymes involved in coagulation, including thrombin and factor Xa. Antithrombin III is produced naturally by the liver and is also available as a medication for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It works by binding to and neutralizing excess clotting factors in the bloodstream, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation.

Protein S deficiency is a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to coagulate blood properly. Protein S is a naturally occurring protein in the blood that helps regulate the clotting process by deactivating clotting factors when they are no longer needed. When Protein S levels are too low, it can lead to an increased risk of abnormal blood clots forming within blood vessels, a condition known as thrombophilia.

There are three types of Protein S deficiency: Type I (quantitative deficiency), Type II (qualitative deficiency), and Type III (dysfunctional protein). These types refer to the amount or function of Protein S in the blood. In Type I, there is a decrease in both free and total Protein S levels. In Type II, there is a decrease in functional Protein S despite normal total Protein S levels. In Type III, there is a decrease in free Protein S with normal total Protein S levels.

Protein S deficiency can be inherited or acquired. Inherited forms of the disorder are caused by genetic mutations and are usually present from birth. Acquired forms of Protein S deficiency can develop later in life due to certain medical conditions, such as liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, or the use of certain medications that affect blood clotting.

Symptoms of Protein S deficiency may include recurrent blood clots, usually in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism), skin discoloration, pain, and swelling in the affected area. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as chronic leg ulcers, pulmonary hypertension, or damage to the heart or lungs.

Diagnosis of Protein S deficiency typically involves blood tests to measure Protein S levels and function. Treatment may include anticoagulant medications to prevent blood clots from forming or growing larger. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking can also help reduce the risk of blood clots in people with Protein S deficiency.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a clot forms in an artery, it can cut off the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues served by that artery, leading to damage or tissue death. If a thrombus forms in the heart, it can cause a heart attack. If a thrombus breaks off and travels through the bloodstream, it can lodge in a smaller vessel, causing blockage and potentially leading to damage in the organ that the vessel supplies. This is known as an embolism.

Thrombosis can occur due to various factors such as injury to the blood vessel wall, abnormalities in blood flow, or changes in the composition of the blood. Certain medical conditions, medications, and lifestyle factors can increase the risk of thrombosis. Treatment typically involves anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy to dissolve or prevent further growth of the clot, as well as addressing any underlying causes.

Thrombin is a serine protease enzyme that plays a crucial role in the coagulation cascade, which is a complex series of biochemical reactions that leads to the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) to prevent excessive bleeding during an injury. Thrombin is formed from its precursor protein, prothrombin, through a process called activation, which involves cleavage by another enzyme called factor Xa.

Once activated, thrombin converts fibrinogen, a soluble plasma protein, into fibrin, an insoluble protein that forms the structural framework of a blood clot. Thrombin also activates other components of the coagulation cascade, such as factor XIII, which crosslinks and stabilizes the fibrin network, and platelets, which contribute to the formation and growth of the clot.

Thrombin has several regulatory mechanisms that control its activity, including feedback inhibition by antithrombin III, a plasma protein that inactivates thrombin and other serine proteases, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), which inhibits the activation of factor Xa, thereby preventing further thrombin formation.

Overall, thrombin is an essential enzyme in hemostasis, the process that maintains the balance between bleeding and clotting in the body. However, excessive or uncontrolled thrombin activity can lead to pathological conditions such as thrombosis, atherosclerosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Antithrombins are substances that prevent the formation or promote the dissolution of blood clots (thrombi). They include:

1. Anticoagulants: These are medications that reduce the ability of the blood to clot. Examples include heparin, warfarin, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran.
2. Thrombolytic agents: These are medications that break down existing blood clots. Examples include alteplase, reteplase, and tenecteplase.
3. Fibrinolytics: These are a type of thrombolytic agent that specifically target fibrin, a protein involved in the formation of blood clots.
4. Natural anticoagulants: These are substances produced by the body to regulate blood clotting. Examples include antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S.

Antithrombins are used in the prevention and treatment of various thromboembolic disorders, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), stroke, and myocardial infarction (heart attack). It is important to note that while antithrombins can help prevent or dissolve blood clots, they also increase the risk of bleeding, so their use must be carefully monitored.

2002). "Chapter 23: Diseases of the Placenta". Blaustein's Pathology of the Female Genital Tract (Fifth ed.). pp. 1136-7. Khor ... A clinical suspicion for antithrombin deficiency can be made in patients with: 1. recurrent venous thromboembolic disease, 2. ... liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, asparaginase deficiency, oral contraception/estrogens. Genetic testing for abnormalities of ...
Thornburg, Kent L.; Marshall, Nicole (2015-10-01). "The placenta is the center of the chronic disease universe". American ... determine their risk for acquiring chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis later in life. ... This field of research is known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). He was a friend and collaborator of ... The placenta". American Journal of Human Biology. 22 (4): 512-516. doi:10.1002/ajhb.21041. ISSN 1520-6300. PMID 20309992. S2CID ...
Mares can transmit the disease to their foals via the placenta. The risk of transmitting the disease is greatest when an ... Acute: The acute form is a sudden onset of the disease at full-force. Symptoms include high fever, anemia (due to the breakdown ... Reuse of syringes and needles is a risk factor for transfer of the disease. Currently in the United States, all horses that ... Such a horse can still pass on the disease. According to most veterinarians, horses diagnosed EIA positive usually do not show ...
... in turn leading to placental disease. Abruptio placentae Placenta accreta Placenta increta Placenta percreta Placentitis ... A placental disease is any disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta. Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment ... chronic renal disease, collagen vascular disease, thrombophilia, and cardiovascular disease increase the risk of developing ... Women who endured placental disease within the first pregnancy has an increased risk of the disease progressing within future ...
This finding has implications in the future treatment of vascular disease in the placenta. In adults, netrin has been ... Placenta. 32 (8): 546-53. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2011.04.003. PMID 21570114. Petit, Audrey; Sellers, Drew L.; Liebl, Daniel J ... Recently, netrin has been implicated in angiogenesis in the placenta, making it vital to the survival of the fetus. ... Another important line of current research targets netrin as a treatment for various diseases, including cancer, myocardial ...
"High activity of fatty acid oxidation enzymes in human placenta: implications for fetal-maternal disease". Journal of Inherited ... liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. A few cases specific to ... It causes a wide range of clinical disorders, ranging from lethal neonatal disease to adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. ... Metabolic Disease. 26 (4): 385-92. doi:10.1023/A:1025163204165. PMID 12971426. S2CID 12128475. Portal: Biology (Articles with ...
If a mother is infected with a disease, the placenta cannot always filter out the pathogens. Viruses such as rubella, chicken ... Centers for Disease Control (2018). "Pregnancy Complications". Centers for Disease Control. "About Teenage Pregnancy". Centers ... Bacterial or parasitic diseases may also be passed on to the fetus, and include chlamydia, syphilis, tuberculosis, malaria, and ... Maternal drug use occurs when drugs ingested by the pregnant woman are metabolized in the placenta and then transmitted to the ...
Gynecological pathology, including diseases of the female genital tract and the placenta Anatomic pathology Cytopathology " ... This includes neoplastic diseases of the vulva, vagina, cervix, endometrium, fallopian tube, uterus, and ovary, as well as non- ... Gynecologic pathology is the medical pathology subspecialty dealing with the study and diagnosis of disease involving the ... neoplastic diseases of these structures. In the United States, gynecologic pathology training typically involves obtaining a ...
It is a rare disease, with an incidence of 1 in 1200 placentas. Women with cardiac problems, disorders of circulation, monosomy ... Breus mole is reported to be found in the placentas of macerated stillborn foetuses, indicating that massive subchorionic ... Benirschke K, Peter Kaufmann P (2013-06-29). Pathology of the Human Placenta. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 243. ISBN ...
"Placental involvement in glycogen storage disease type IV". Placenta. 29 (4): 378-81. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.01.005. PMID ... In this disease, abnormal glycogen can build up in neurons leading to a spectrum of problems. Specifically, some disease ... At least three mutations in the GBE1 gene have been found to cause another disease called adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD ... Mutations in this gene are associated with glycogen storage disease type IV (also known as Andersen's disease) in newborns and ...
These often include heart disease, renal disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, placenta previa, placenta abruption, antepartum ... Oregon was noted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as having the second-highest rate of home births in the ... The study results were confirmed by analyzing birth certificate files from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ... "Home Births in the United States, 1990-2009". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January 2012. Retrieved 2014-01-25. " ...
... the case of absorption of the placenta), 1829 - Traité des Maladies de l'utérus et des annexes (Diseases of the uterus), 1833 ... the cause of miscarriages and diseases of the placenta and uterus. Radcliffe stated that she 'was undertaking surgical ... Observations et reflexions sur les cas d'absorption de placenta ( ...
... is thought to result from an abnormal placenta, the removal of which ends the disease in most cases. During ... Associated adult diseases of the fetus due to IUGR include, but are not limited to, coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 ... Abnormal development of the placenta leads to poor placental perfusion. The placenta of women with pre-eclampsia is abnormal ... Pre-eclampsia can mimic and be confused with many other diseases, including chronic hypertension, chronic renal disease, ...
"Normal Structure and Function of the Placenta". Pathobiology of Human Disease. pp. 2308-2321. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386456- ... On the outer side, the amniotic sac is connected to the yolk sac, the allantois, and via the umbilical cord, the placenta. The ... Once the baby is pushed out of the mother's uterus, the umbilical cord, placenta, and amniotic sac are pushed out in the after ... The amniotic sac opened during afterbirth examination Placenta with attached fetal membranes (ruptured at the margin at the ...
Maternal IgG antibodies cross the placenta, giving the fetus passive immunity against those diseases for which the mother has ... The fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Blood from the placenta is ... The placenta functions as a maternal-fetal barrier against the transmission of microbes. When this is insufficient, mother-to- ... Some of the blood moves from the aorta through the internal iliac arteries to the umbilical arteries and re-enters the placenta ...
... cell-free fetal DNA in the maternal circulation as an indication of placental health and disease". Placenta. 35 Suppl (Suppl): ... Cystic fibrosis Fragile X syndrome Blood disorders such as sickle cell disease Tay-Sachs disease Spinal muscular atrophy ... If a genetic disease is detected, there is often no treatment that can help the fetus until it is born. However, in the US, ... Most, but not all, of these diseases follow Mendelian inheritance patterns. Fragile X syndrome is related to expansion of ...
"Malaria in Pregnancy Interacts with and Alters the Angiogenic Profiles of the Placenta". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 9 (6 ... and an elevated ratio of angiopoietin-2/angiopoietin-1 in the placenta. This suggests that angiopoietin levels could be ...
Currently mastitis and other diseases (in particular ketosis, milk fever, and retained placenta) are included in the breeding ... This update placed slightly more emphasis on udder conformation and resistance to diseases other than mastitis. There will ...
Wright C, Sibley CP (2011). "Placental Transfer in Health and Disease". In Kay H, Nelson M, Yuping W (eds.). The Placenta: From ... The placenta (PL: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the ... Look up placenta in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The placenta-specific proteome at the Human Protein Atlas The Placenta, ... The classical plural is placentae, but the form placentas is more common in modern English. The placenta has evolved ...
Beef cattle rarely have disease unless they have a predisposing factor such as retained placenta or difficult parturition. ... The severity of disease is categorized by the signs of health: Grade 1 metritis: An abnormally enlarged uterus and a purulent ... These diseases in cattle are caused by bacteria and occasionally viruses. The most common bacteria that cause postpartum ... However, uterine disease is common in dairy cattle - particularly high-milk-yield cows such as Holstein-Friesian cows. ...
Pre-eclampsia, involving oxygen deprivation and death of trophoblastic cells that make up most of the placenta, is a disease ... Genetic changes which alter disease risk; Epigenetic changes which alter disease risk of not only the child but also that of ... Alcohol passes through the placenta on being ingested by the mother during her pregnancy, and makes its way to the baby in ... Due to this, the baby may experience an increased risk of neurological or psychiatric diseases later in life. Cortisol (and ...
... and placenta. For instance (52.29.6) "To treat Gudu (disease caused by noxious agents produced by various parasites), no matter ... "cadaver vector disease", "consumptive and infectious disease", "corpse [evil] transmission" shīzhù 尸疰 "cadaver fixation disease ... Wash a Ziheche/placenta hominis/dried human placenta and cut it into slices. Dry the slices in the sun and grind them into ... Bāoyīshuǐ 胞衣水, translated as "old liquefied placenta" and "fluid of human placenta", was traditionally processed in two ways. ...
... hemolytic disease, damage to the placenta, and inhibition of the growth and development of the fetus. Risk factors for pre- ... Assisted reproductive technology Hypertensive disease of pregnancy Sexually transmitted diseases Pearson H (2002). " ... The placenta also plays an important part in protecting the embryo for the immune attack from the mother's system. Secretory ... Rh disease, or Rh isoimmunization, occurs when the maternal immune system develops antibodies that recognizes fetal red blood ...
... a problem with the fetus a problem with the placenta a tumor or liver disease in the woman a normally elevated AFP in the fetus ... In Wilms tumor AFP is rarely elevated, but when it is elevated it may serve as a marker of disease progression or recurrence. ... These categories are open neural tube defect, open abdominal wall defect, and skin disease or other failure of the interior or ... levels of AFP may be elevated in serum from patients with chronic disease; for example, research has indicated that AFP is not ...
Placental disease Marcorelles, P. (Mar 2010). "[Placenta and preeclampsia: relationships between anatomical lesions and ... A placental infarction results from the interruption of blood supply to a part of the placenta, causing its cells to die. Small ...
These drugs also cross the placenta and are secreted in breast milk. Lugol's iodine may be used to block hormone synthesis ... Less commonly, it has been known as Parry disease, Begbie disease, Flajan disease, Flajani-Basedow syndrome, and Marsh disease ... Graves' disease occurs in about 0.5% of people. Graves' disease data has shown that the lifetime risk for women is around 3% ... Since Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease that appears suddenly, often later in life, a viral or bacterial infection may ...
"A Study of Ophthalmia in the New-Born: With Nine Charts" The American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children ... Tallant, Alice Weld (1917). "The Pros and Cons of Accouchement Forcé in Placenta Previa". The American Journal of Obstetrics ... "The Pros and Cons of Accouchement Forcé in Placenta Previa" (1917) A Text-book of Obstetrical Nursing (1922) "A Study of the ... and Diseases of Women and Children. 76: 46-50. Tallant, Alice Weld (July 1923). "A Study of the Results in Face Presentations ...
Veterinary transmission also occurs through vertical transmission through the placenta, blood transfusion and organ transplants ... Chagas disease is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Chagas disease occurs in two stages: an acute stage, which ... Centers for Disease Control Chagas information from the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative Chagas disease information for ... Chagas disease, Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites of the skin, Insect-borne diseases, Protozoal diseases, Tropical ...
... which thereby may pass through the human placenta, providing immune protection to the fetus against infectious diseases. One ... Other examples of insufficient immune tolerance in pregnancy are Rh disease and pre-eclampsia: Rh disease is caused by the ... Still, the placenta does allow maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) to pass to the fetus to protect it against infections. However, ... "Placenta 'fools body's defences'". BBC News. 2007-11-10. Page 31 to 32 in: Maternal-Fetal Medicine : Principles and Practice. ...
The placenta may be abnormal with non-specific inflammation on histology. Umbilical cord anomalies have occasionally been ... The disease manifests in many forms, making the diagnosis difficult, but the most common features of this disease involve the ... There is no specific test for the disease, though now that the gene that causes the disease is known, that may change.[citation ... The finding that other diseases are related and a better understanding of where the disease comes from may lead to more ...
Intact Mycobacterium leprae Isolated from Placenta of a Pregnant Woman, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019;25(8):1604- ... Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae in susceptible persons. The disease affects the skin and ... Intact Mycobacterium leprae Isolated from Placenta of a Pregnant Woman, China. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25(8), 1604-1607. ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ...
The placenta has a critical role shaping the health of the fetus. Placenta-associated pregnancy complications, such as ... are all associated with aberrant patterns of DNA methylation and expression which are only now being linked to disease risk ... Recently, the placenta, a tissue with a unique hypomethylated methylome, has been shown to possess great inter-individual ... Recently, the placenta, a tissue with a unique hypomethylated methylome, has been shown to possess great inter-individual ...
PRMEDICA brings the best and most effective Placenta Stem Cell Therapy in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico for the treatment of several ... thalassemia and sickle cell disease like the bone marrow or the umbilical cord stem cells. Other diseases that Placenta Stem ... Which Diseases can be Treated with Placenta Stem Cells?. It is highly likely that placental stem cells can be used to treat ... Thus, by using Placenta Stem Cell Treatments, PRMEDICA successfully treats several diseases and achieve a high level of success ...
Gestational trophoblastic disease encompasses several disease processes that originate in the placenta. These include complete ... Gestational trophoblastic disease encompasses several disease processes that originate in the placenta. These include complete ... Genomic imprinting in gestational trophoblastic disease--a review. Placenta. 2003 Apr. 24 Suppl A:S111-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Fallahian M. Familial gestational trophoblastic disease. Placenta. 2003 Aug. 24(7):797-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Bacterial Diseases of the Fetus and Placenta Associated with Fetal Loss in the Mare. ... CHAPTER 24 Bacterial Diseases of the Fetus and Placenta Associated with Fetal Loss in the Mare ... Comments Off on Bacterial Diseases of the Fetus and Placenta Associated with Fetal Loss in the Mare ... The lesions in the body of the placenta are focally extensive, irregular, and very demarcated from adjacent normal chorionic ...
Retained placenta is common among mothers with sickle cell disease, and the lack of association with known risk factors ... Retained placenta in homozygous sickle cell disease.. Simms-Stewart, Donnette; Thame, Minerva; Hemans-Keen, Aleith; Hambleton, ... To document an increased prevalence of retained placenta in mothers with homozygous sickle cell disease. METHODS:. A ... Retained placenta was defined by an interval of at least 30 minutes. Duration and details of the third stage of delivery were ...
Preeclampsia is a disease of the placenta. When the placenta is severely affected, subtle hypoperfusion of the fetus can occur ... such as renal parenchymal disease (eg, polycystic kidneys, glomerular or interstitial disease), renal vascular disease (eg, ... What is the Impact of Ischemic Heart Disease on Maternal Morbidity and Mortality? 0.25 CME / CE / ABIM MOC Credits Clinical ... The diseased placenta can also affect the fetus via decreased uteroplacental blood flow. This decrease in perfusion can ...
2002). "Chapter 23: Diseases of the Placenta". Blausteins Pathology of the Female Genital Tract (Fifth ed.). pp. 1136-7. Khor ... A clinical suspicion for antithrombin deficiency can be made in patients with: 1. recurrent venous thromboembolic disease, 2. ... liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, asparaginase deficiency, oral contraception/estrogens. Genetic testing for abnormalities of ...
Placenta / blood supply * Placenta Diseases / physiopathology * Placentation * Pregnancy * Pregnancy Outcome* * Pregnancy, High ...
Categories: Placenta Diseases Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 5 ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ...
The placenta connects the fetus (unborn baby) to the mothers uterus. It allows the baby to get nutrients, blood, and oxygen ... The placenta connects the fetus (unborn baby) to the mothers uterus. It allows the baby to get nutrients, blood, and oxygen ... Keeping high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes under control. *Not using tobacco, alcohol, or cocaine ... Placenta abruptio (also called placental abruption) is when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before the ...
CCN3 Signaling Is Differently Regulated in Placental Diseases Preeclampsia and Abnormally Invasive Placenta. Duan L, et al. ... CCN3 Signaling Is Differently Regulated in Placental Diseases Preeclampsia and Abnormally Invasive Placenta. Title: CCN3 ... Two-marker association tests yield new disease associations for coronary artery disease and hypertension.. EBI GWAS Catalog. ... CCN3 is dynamically regulated by treatment and disease state in multiple sclerosis. Naughton M, et al. J Neuroinflammation, ...
Therapeutic potential of placenta-derived stem cells for liver diseases: current status and perspectives. Miki T, Grubbs B. ...
Personalized doctor-backed cord blood bank that freezes umbilical cord and placentas stem cells for future disease treatment ... Necessary processing is carried out, and cord blood, cord tissue, and placenta stem cells are stored in a liquid nitrogen. For ... At Anja, were working to ensure that all parents have an equitable experience and that their umbilical cords and placentas ... but cord tissue and placenta stem cells have also been used within studies and clinical trials to treat acquired hearing loss, ...
CCN3 Signaling is differently regulated in placental diseases preeclampsia and abnormally invasive placenta. Front Endocrinol ( ... SRC-2 Coactivator: a role in human metabolic evolution and disease. Mol Med. (2020) 26(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s10020-020-00168-0 ... Dysregulated BMP2 in the placenta may contribute to early-onset preeclampsia by regulating human trophoblast expression of ... placenta accreta, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and pre-term birth (13). Therefore, identifying new molecular signals ...
The placenta. Among middle aged men and women in Preston, blood pressure fell with increasing birth weight, as expected.30 At ... Programming by early nutrition in man. In: Bock GR, Whelan J eds.The childhood environment and adult disease. Chichester: John ... Ischaemic heart disease and low birthweight: a test of the fetal origins hypothesis from the Swedish Twin Registry.Lancet1994; ... They were also more likely to develop non-fatal coronary heart disease.28 These associations do not depend on the way in which ...
Pathologic examination of the placenta or amniotic cord using specific fluorescent antitreponemal antibody staining. ... Severe Disease Intravenous (IV) therapy should be provided for patients with severe disease or complications necessitating ... 1993 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines SUGGESTED CITATION: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 ... More than one of these diseases may be present among at least 3%-10% of patients with genital ulcers. Each disease has been ...
The recommended treatment for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby and placenta to prevent the disease from progressing. Your ... Placenta previa is a rare pregnancy complication that occurs if the placenta attaches to the bottom part of a womans uterine ... Some women have a low-lying placenta in early pregnancy, however. A doctor will monitor the condition. But often the placenta ... The placenta grows and produces the pregnancy hormone hCG, but there is no fetus inside. A partial molar pregnancy occurs when ...
Thornburg KL, OTierney PF, Louey S: Review: the placenta is a programming agent for cardiovascular disease. Placenta 2010;31: ... van der Merwe JL, Hall DR, Wright C, Schubert P, Grove D: Are early and late preeclampsia distinct subclasses of the disease - ... It is now apparent from studies into pregnancy-induced preeclampsia that both the severity of the disease and the birth ... Painter RC, Roseboom TJ, Bleker OP: Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine and disease in later life: an overview. Reprod ...
Potential risk indicators of retained placenta and other diseases in multiparous cows.. J Dairy Sci. 97(7):4151-65. ...
Potential risk indicators of retained placenta and other diseases in multiparous cows.. J Dairy Sci. 97(7):4151-65. ...
Hypothesis: Placentas cause more autoimmune diseases in females. *Hypothesis: Placentas cause more autoimmune diseases in ... Placentas cause more autoimmune diseases in females - July 2019 Multiple Sclerosis - walking and self-care problems associated ... Placentas cause more autoimmune diseases in females - July 2019Multiple Sclerosis - walking and self-care problems associated ... Women appear to be at increased risk of other autoimmune diseases - has Autoimmune ratio also changed? ...
Developmental Health is organized into collaborative research teams focused on uncovering the origins of cardiovascular disease ... This groups goal is to better understand how the growth of the placenta affects fetal development and long-term disease risk. ... Many disease conditions-including obesity, arthritis and heart disease-- are affected by an ongoing inflammation even when ... ability to respond to disease states later in the childs life and will lead to cardiovascular disease. ...
Anterior Placenta. 2022. Web. my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23306-anterior-placenta ... Some women, especially if they have a front-facing placenta, dont feel any foetal movement (13) until theyre more than 22 ...
Using category 641 as an example: @641.1 Hemorr from placent prev 641.10 Placenta prev hem-unspec 641.11 Placenta prev hem- ... 3 digit disease code and 2 digit procedure code 2 4 digit disease code and 3 digit procedure code 3 5 digit disease code and 4 ... Structure of Disease Codes Disease codes in ICD-9-CM may be three, four, or five digits in length. The basic structure is three ... This symbol appears with three digit disease codes that have fourth-digit subdivisions and with four digit disease codes that ...
A disease of the placenta occurring in monochorionic or monoamniotic identical twins. One twin gets more of the blood supply ... Fraternal twins always have their own sacs and placentas, though the placentas can fuse and give the appearance of being one. ... Fraternal twins always have their own sacs and placentas, though the placentas can fuse and give the appearance of being one. ... Identical twins can have separate placentas and sacs, shared placenta and chorion but separate amnions (monochorionic, ...
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Placenta: A Literature Review  Gesaka, Samwel R; Obimbo, Moses M; Wanyoro, Anthony (Elsevier ... Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Placenta: A Literature Review  Gesaka, Samwel R; Obimbo, Moses M; Wanyoro, Anthony (Elsevier ... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) virus has been ... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) virus has been ...
Uses a sampling of placenta cells to detect birth defects, genetic diseases and other problems. ... Tests several blood markers in the mother for risk of certain genetic diseases and birth defects. ... including tests to identify any risk of genetic diseases or birth defects. ...
Characterization of the placenta in the newborn with congenital heart disease: distinctions based on type of cardiac ... Ho D, Rychik J. : "The Placenta in Congenital Heart Disease" in Paediatric Cardiology Elsevier Publishing. Anderson RH, Baker ... "The maternal fetal environment and the placenta in congenital heart disease", "Heart Failure in the fetus: conditions that ... He is the author of a book entitled Fetal Cardiovascular Imaging: A Disease-Based Approach, which is considered one of the ...
  • After delivery, we collected fresh samples from the patient, including breast milk, umbilical cord, umbilical cord blood, and placenta, as well as nasal mucosa swab and serum specimens from the patient, her newborn, and her elder daughter for bacterial and serologic analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • It is highly likely that placental stem cells can be used to treat several chronic blood-related disorders like luekemia, thalassemia and sickle cell disease like the bone marrow or the umbilical cord stem cells. (placidway.com)
  • Personalized doctor-backed cord blood bank that freezes umbilical cord and placenta's stem cells for future disease treatment purposes. (prnewswire.com)
  • A tiny vial no larger than the palm of his hand, he told the group, contains roughly 10 million live stem cells, harvested from the placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord or amnion, the membrane that surrounds the fetus in the womb. (truthdig.com)
  • Nests of Trypanosoma cruzi amastigote s were found in the placenta and umbilical cord of three of them (20 percent). (bvsalud.org)
  • If she's pregnant with an RhD-positive baby, the antibodies can lead to rhesus disease when they cross the placenta and start attacking the baby's red blood cells . (jpost.com)
  • The main disease occurs when susceptible pregnant animals become infected with the virus, which can cross the placenta infecting and causing disease in the developing foetus. (gov.scot)
  • Placenta-associated pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, are all associated with aberrant patterns of DNA methylation and expression which are only now being linked to disease risk later in life. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many pregnancy complications are linked to placenta function and birth outcomes can have a large effect on later disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
  • A hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy) is a gestational trophoblastic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Pemphigoid gestationis is a pregnancy-associated autoimmune disease. (medscape.com)
  • During your pregnancy, the placenta responsibly nourishes your child with almost everything that it needs to develop. (healthsdigest.com)
  • 2007. In utero imaging of the placenta: Importance for diseases of pregnancy. (vasaprevia.com)
  • Besides serving as a receptor for the virus, ACE2 plays a key role in establishing blood flow in the placenta and in the cardiovascular adaptations that occur during pregnancy. (eurekalert.org)
  • During pregnancy the placenta also has several important endocrine functions, producing important hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The placenta is a temporary organ that presents a natural barrier between mother and fetus during the entire pregnancy. (nature.com)
  • Studies of calcium transfer across the placenta have been reviewed because of the physiological and nutritional importance of this mineral during pregnancy, especially in order to better understand its contribution to development of the fetal skeleton. (scirp.org)
  • Wooding, F.B.P., Morgan, G., Jones, G.V. and Care, A.D. (1996) Calcium transport and the localization of calbidin- D9K in the ruminant placenta during the second half of pregnancy. (scirp.org)
  • Whether Mycobacterium leprae transmits from placenta to fetus remains unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • The placenta has a critical role shaping the health of the fetus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The placenta is important for mediating the connection between mother and fetus, both able to respond to the environment itself and controlling the environment of the fetus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The placenta connects the fetus (unborn baby) to the mother's uterus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The placenta is the lifeline of a fetus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This research team is determined to find the mechanisms in the fetus that lead to adult cardiovascular disease. (ohsu.edu)
  • It affected the structure and function of the placenta more markedly for male fetuses, reducing its ability to support the growth of the fetus. (glamsham.com)
  • In order to prevent rejection of the fetus, the placenta expresses an intricate pattern of major histocompatibility complex molecules, immunizing the mother against the foreign fetal tissue [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our finding that BC particles accumulate on the fetal side of the placenta suggests that ambient particulates could be transported towards the fetus and represents a potential mechanism explaining the detrimental health effects of pollution from early life onwards. (nature.com)
  • Once again, the use of different animal models as rodents, rabbit, sheep and bovine have demonstrate different mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta and contribute to better understand its effects in both fetus and mother during the gestation. (scirp.org)
  • Pregnant women with the disease can transmit it through the placenta to the fetus or at birth to the neonate. (cdc.gov)
  • Particle transfer across the placenta has been suggested but to date, no direct evidence in real-life, human context exists. (nature.com)
  • Recently, the placenta, a tissue with a unique hypomethylated methylome, has been shown to possess great inter-individual variability, which we highlight as a promising target tissue for studying MEs and mixed environmental exposures. (frontiersin.org)
  • Necessary processing is carried out, and cord blood, cord tissue, and placenta stem cells are stored in a liquid nitrogen. (prnewswire.com)
  • And even in mice , this would be extremely difficult: "The placenta as part of the embryo fuses to the maternal tissue after implantation, and the blood vessels permeate each other, making it difficult to separate the cells for analysis," says Raha Weigert, who is a researcher in Meissner's lab. (mpg.de)
  • Similar to cord tissue or cord blood banking, placenta banking is all about accumulating cells from the placenta after birth. (healthsdigest.com)
  • And the usage of placenta tissue has been quite common since the 1940s. (healthsdigest.com)
  • The human placenta is a difficult tissue to work with using proteomic technology since it contains large amounts of lipids and glycogen. (hindawi.com)
  • Placenta abruptio (also called placental abruption) is when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before the baby is born. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In a small number of pregnancies, the placenta detaches (pulls itself from the wall of the uterus) too early. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Placental abruption occurs when the placenta completely or partially separates from the uterus before a baby is born. (healthline.com)
  • Reiswig, J.D., Frazer, G.S. and Inpanbutr, N. (1995) Calbindin-D9k expression in the pregnant cow uterus and placenta. (scirp.org)
  • These protocols rely on the quality of stem cells used to treat different types of diseases at PRMEDICA in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. (placidway.com)
  • The clinic uses MSCs or Mesenchymal Stem Cells from neonatal sources like Placenta that includes a heterogeneous population of multipotent progenitor cells that are inclusive of biological properties making them perfect for cell therapy. (placidway.com)
  • Which Diseases can be Treated with Placenta Stem Cells? (placidway.com)
  • What are the Benefits of Placenta Stem Cells? (placidway.com)
  • Therefore, the team decided to study cell cultures of cells from mice, specifically the trophoblast stem cells, which would later develop into the placenta. (mpg.de)
  • Retrospective studies of the survivors of famines, such as those exposed to the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944-45, have linked exposures around conception to later disease outcomes, some of which correlate with DNA methylation changes at certain genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review will summarise current knowledge on the effect of early environmental exposure on later disease risk, especially where this may be mediated by DNA methylation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
  • SUGGESTED CITATION: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Established in 2008, the Abnormal Placentation Program has cared for hundreds of women with uterine and placental disorders, including placenta accreta, a condition in which the placenta attaches too deeply to the uterine wall. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Learn more about care for placenta accreta . (brighamandwomens.org)
  • To document an increased prevalence of retained placenta in mothers with homozygous sickle cell disease . (bvsalud.org)
  • When using these guidelines, consideration should be given to the disease prevalence and to other characteristics of the practice setting. (cdc.gov)
  • The rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence worldwide is alarming. (ac.ke)
  • As a consequence, there has also been a marked increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes all over the world and this chronic metabolic disease is now considered as a coronary heart disease risk equivalent. (researchgate.net)
  • In most pregnancies, the placenta stays attached to the upper part of the uterine wall. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sometimes the blood that collects when the placenta detaches stays between the placenta and uterine wall, so you may not have bleeding from your vagina. (medlineplus.gov)
  • First-stage duration was similar in maternal genotypes (sickle cell 470 minutes [median] compared with normal hemoglobin 335 minutes [median]), but in sickle cell disease , the second stage was slightly delayed (sickle cell 16 minutes compared with normal hemoglobin 15 minutes) and the third stage (sickle cell 7 minutes compared with normal hemoglobin 6 minutes). (bvsalud.org)
  • Retained placenta is common among mothers with sickle cell disease , and the lack of association with known risk factors suggests that maternal sickle cell disease may be a risk factor . (bvsalud.org)
  • During fetal development, maternal under-nutrition and over-nutrition are associated with an elevated risk of chronic diseases later in life. (ohsu.edu)
  • Thus, the overall objective of this group includes defining how abnormalities in maternal nutrition and metabolism affect critical developmental processes that lead to later disease. (ohsu.edu)
  • Until now there has been limited understanding of how the placenta is altered by advanced maternal age. (glamsham.com)
  • The study found that advanced maternal age reduced the efficiency of the placenta of both male and female foetuses. (glamsham.com)
  • The researchers were unable to ascertain whether the symptoms resulted from premature delivery due to maternal COVID-19 or were directly caused by the disease. (eurekalert.org)
  • Sweiry, J.H. and Yudi-levich, D.L. (1984) Asymmetric calcium influx and efflux at maternal and fetal sides of the guinea-pig placenta: Kinetics and specificity. (scirp.org)
  • 2008. Ultrasound of the placenta: A systematic approach. (vasaprevia.com)
  • This is evidence that, unlike in ordinary body cells, methylating enzymes are constantly active in the placenta - which is unusual in our classical understanding of epigenetics," says Weigert. (mpg.de)
  • A retrospective review (January 1, 1992, to December 31, 2005) at the University Hospital of the West Indies revealed 174 singleton deliveries in women with sickle cell disease who were matched by delivery date and age 11 with 174 mothers with normal hemoglobin phenotype . (bvsalud.org)
  • Retained placenta occurred in 20 mothers (17.9%) with sickle cell (interval 30-340 minutes) compared with four among the women in the control group (3.0%, 30-107 minutes). (bvsalud.org)
  • London, Nov 30 (IANS) Changes occur in the placenta in mothers over age 35 leading to a greater likelihood of poor health in their male offspring and now, scientists have found in animal studies that placenta changes could put male child of older mothers at heart problems in later life. (glamsham.com)
  • We now know that growth, as well as gene expression in the placenta is affected in older mothers in a manner that partially depends on sex: changes in the placentas of male fetuses are generally detrimental. (glamsham.com)
  • Other research groups have found viral particles in different parts of the placenta, which in mothers with the disease shows signs of inflammation and lesions consistent with vascular malperfusion (impaired blood flow in veins and arteries). (eurekalert.org)
  • BC is identified in all screened placentae, with an average (SD) particle count of 0.95 × 10 4 (0.66 × 10 4 ) and 2.09 × 10 4 (0.9 × 10 4 ) particles per mm 3 for low and high exposed mothers, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Here, we postulate that BC particles are able to translocate from the mothers' lungs to the placenta. (nature.com)
  • The study is performed on a subset of term placentae from mothers enrolled within the ENVIR ON AGE birth cohort study and on preterm placentae from spontaneous terminated pregnancies. (nature.com)
  • This includes studies of germ cell development and epigenetic effects that persist following fertilization, the uterine environment during implantation, as well as placental and organ formation and function and related development of chronic diseases after birth. (ohsu.edu)
  • Surgical gross room techniques for the evaluation of tumor resections, explant organs, organs removed for non-neoplastic disease, skin specimens, bone specimens, open lung biopsies, endomyocardial biopsies, rectal suction biopsies. (case.edu)
  • As a matter of fact, of all mammalian organs the placenta shows the greatest variation in terms of anatomy. (hindawi.com)
  • Appropriately, the question arises in which distant organs, such as the placenta, the particles originating from the systemic circulation might deposit. (nature.com)
  • Gestational trophoblastic disease encompasses several disease processes that originate in the placenta. (medscape.com)
  • Almost all women with malignant gestational trophoblastic disease can be cured with preservation of reproductive function. (medscape.com)
  • Retained placenta in homozygous sickle cell disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Apart from a weak association with combined oxytocin and misoprostol , there were no significant associations with known risk factors or with hematologic indices within sickle cell disease . (bvsalud.org)
  • CCN3 Signaling Is Differently Regulated in Placental Diseases Preeclampsia and Abnormally Invasive Placenta. (nih.gov)
  • Brocnhopulmonary Displasia This is the version of CLD (chronic lung disease) most often found in preemies who have been ventilated for a lengthy period of time. (twinslist.org)
  • Intermittent vaso-occlusive crises may be superimposed, or chronic low-level pain may be the only expression of the disease. (medscape.com)
  • Fetal development is a critical window of exposure-related susceptibility because the etiology of diseases in adulthood may have a fetal origin and may be attributed to adverse effects of in utero environmental exposures. (nature.com)
  • This is why we suspect that this could explain the biological parallels between tumors and the placenta. (mpg.de)
  • Interpretation of pediatric clinical pathology tests including, metabolic disease screens, hemoglobin electrophoresis, flow cytometry of leukemia-lymphoma, cytogenetics of congenital anomalies and pediatric tumors, granulocyte function studies, pediatric blood transfusion. (case.edu)
  • The group speculates that the environment in the womb will hamper the cells' ability to respond to disease states later in the child's life and will lead to cardiovascular disease. (ohsu.edu)
  • According to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, environmental exposures in early life affects later life risk. (frontiersin.org)
  • The fetal origins hypothesis states that fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation, which leads to disproportionate fetal growth, programmes later coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • The programming of blood pressure, insulin responses to glucose, cholesterol metabolism, blood coagulation, and hormonal settings are all areas of active research.The BMJ's recent editorial on the fetal origins hypothesis stated that it rests only on the "very general" proposition that fetal undernutrition causes coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • The hypothesis states that coronary heart disease is associated with specific patterns of disproportionate fetal growth that result from fetal undernutrition in middle to late gestation. (bmj.com)
  • This causality concept is known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease or Barker hypothesis 1 . (nature.com)
  • Autopsy techniques for older child with particular reference to congenital heart disease, malignancy, metabolic disease, infection. (case.edu)
  • The Center for Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Genetics offers compassionate, comprehensive assessment and treatment of inherited conditions and a wide range of fetal disease including twin-twin transfusion syndrome, fetal airway obstruction, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (brighamandwomens.org)
  • Deficiency can result from genetic predisposition or from acquired causes such as: acute thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, asparaginase deficiency, oral contraception/estrogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common form of SCD found in North America is homozygous HbS disease (HbSS), an autosomal recessive disorder first described by Herrick in 1910. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately half the individuals with homozygous HbS disease experience vaso-occlusive crises. (medscape.com)
  • Renal diseases: nephrotic syndrome, other glomerular diseases, cystic disease. (case.edu)
  • Your physician will run multiple tests to check on your baby's health before delivery, including tests to identify any risk of genetic diseases or birth defects. (lexmed.com)
  • Tests several blood markers in the mother for risk of certain genetic diseases and birth defects. (lexmed.com)
  • Uses a sampling of placenta cells to detect birth defects, genetic diseases and other problems. (lexmed.com)
  • Clinical features of Mycobacterium leprae infection in pregnant woman and pathologic characteristics of a biopsy and placenta samples, China, December 2017. (cdc.gov)
  • Spectrum of gluten-sensitive enteropathy in first-degree relatives of patients with coeliac disease: clinical relevance of lymphocytic enteritis. (bioind.com)
  • When applied to clinical placenta samples apolipoprotein A1 was found to be accumulated in the preeclamptic placenta, where it may either have a nutritional effect or act as a modifier of signal transduction. (hindawi.com)
  • Archives of Disease in Childhood, 67, 874-878. (scirp.org)
  • Smith, C.H. and Moe, A.J. (1992) Nutrient transport pathways across the epithelium of the placenta. (scirp.org)
  • Husain, S.M. and Mughal, M.Z. (1992) Mineral transport across the placenta. (scirp.org)
  • A stem-cell derived human embryo model showing blue cells (embryo), yellow cells (yolk sac) and pink cells (placenta). (planer.com)
  • These particles have the potential to be used to understand pathological processes long before disease appears. (ohsu.edu)
  • Here we report the presence of black carbon (BC) particles as part of combustion-derived particulate matter in human placentae using white-light generation under femtosecond pulsed illumination. (nature.com)
  • The 2011 NFPA Injury Report informs that there were over 11,000 exposures to communicable diseases during the reporting period . (iaff.org)
  • He serves on the editorial board of numerous national and international journals, and is a frequent lecturer and presenter at national and international pediatric cardiac conferences on complex cardiovascular disease in both fetal and pediatric patients. (chop.edu)
  • and an increased incidence of postpartum diseases such as metritis, retained placenta, ketosis, displaced abomasum, and fatty liver. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Apart from the fact that ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is abundant in the placenta, the researchers found that the incidence of severe COVID-19 among pregnant women could be due to inhibition of the enzyme's action by the viral infection. (eurekalert.org)
  • The disease affects the skin and peripheral nerves and, in later stages, can cause irreversible disability. (cdc.gov)
  • This group's goal is to better understand how the growth of the placenta affects fetal development and long-term disease risk. (ohsu.edu)
  • Furthermore, pregnant women with the disease are more susceptible to pre-eclampsia and premature delivery," said Nayara Azinheira Nobrega Cruz , first author of the article. (eurekalert.org)
  • For each disease the symptoms, prevention and transmission methods and treatment options are discussed so that IAFF members can protect themselves in the workplace. (iaff.org)
  • This region of BPAG2 is also an immunodominant epitope in bullous pemphigoid, a closely related autoimmune blistering disease. (medscape.com)
  • The placenta usually contains placental cells and amnion , which can be employed in a wide range of therapies. (healthsdigest.com)
  • In the U.S., 27 states have made infectious diseases a presumptive illness for fire fighters and emergency medical providers. (iaff.org)
  • This webpage offers basic information about common infectious diseases that can affect the health and safety of IAFF members and their family members. (iaff.org)
  • This program is intended to support the provisions of the IAFF Executive Board policy on infectious diseases. (iaff.org)
  • The policy has been updated by the IAFF due to current concern regarding the risk of transmission of HIV, hepatitis C, and other infectious diseases to emergency response personnel. (iaff.org)
  • Placenta also exerts excellent effects on immune responses as it interacts with both adaptive and innate immune cells. (placidway.com)
  • 9] BP180 is expressed on both amniotic epithelial cells of the placenta and keratinocytes at the dermoepidermal junction. (medscape.com)
  • In the cells of the placenta however, these markings are randomly scattered throughout the entire genome. (mpg.de)
  • For unknown reasons, the genome of the placenta is less methylated than the DNA of normal body cells, as Meissner's research group discovered in 2017. (mpg.de)
  • Z. Aberman, Adherent cells from placenta and use of same in disease treatment . (bioind.com)
  • According to a research module, placenta cells have excellent anti-inflammatory as well as healing properties. (healthsdigest.com)
  • The usage of placenta cells is, in essence, a proven therapy. (healthsdigest.com)
  • Contrary to popular belief, the placenta cells can be beneficial for the whole family. (healthsdigest.com)
  • Can The Parents Use The Placenta Cells? (healthsdigest.com)
  • As mentioned before, the placenta cells are non-immunogenic. (healthsdigest.com)
  • In addition to it, the placenta cells can also protect you from pathogen and microorganism-related infections. (healthsdigest.com)
  • Even if one does not decide to keep placenta cells for their own family, donating cord blood is another option to help others in need . (healthsdigest.com)
  • Immune cells probably infected by the virus have also been found in the placenta. (eurekalert.org)
  • 304 disease terms (MeSH) has been reported with F2 gene. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies in humans have shown that men and women whose birth weights were at the lower end of the normal range, who were thin or short at birth, or who were small in relation to placental size have increased rates of coronary heart disease. (bmj.com)
  • The early epidemiological studies that pointed to the possible importance of programming in coronary heart disease were based on the simple strategy of examining men and women in middle and late life whose body measurements at birth were recorded. (bmj.com)
  • This is because the placenta, or the amniotic membrane, is non-immunogenic. (healthsdigest.com)
  • What is the Cost of Placenta Stem Cell Treatment at PRMEDICA, Cabo San Lucas, Mexico? (placidway.com)
  • CCN3 is dynamically regulated by treatment and disease state in multiple sclerosis. (nih.gov)
  • These guidelines for the treatment of patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were developed by staff members of CDC after consultation with a group of invited experts who met in Atlanta on January 19-21, 1993. (cdc.gov)
  • As the Director of the Fetal Heart Program and the Fontan Rehabilitation, Wellness, Activity and Resilience Development (FORWARD) Program at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Dr. Rychik specializes in the early detection and long-term treatment of complex forms of heart disease and developmental abnormalities. (chop.edu)
  • Pemphigoid gestationis is a self-limited disease and the primary goal of treatment is symptom management. (medscape.com)
  • Because pemphigoid gestationis is an uncommon disease, referral to immunodermatologists with expertise in the treatment of patients with severe or persistent disease may be appropriate. (medscape.com)
  • This includes the development of diagnostic tests and the creation of novel vaccines with the ultimate aim of reducing livestock mortality and morbidity and/or reducing the cost of treatment and control of diseases. (gov.scot)
  • Treatment for PE is symptomatic, and removal of the placenta is the only curative treatment, suggesting that the placenta is a key in the development of PE. (hindawi.com)
  • Without treatment, a third of infected people develop tertiary disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Potential risk indicators of retained placenta and other diseases in multiparous cows. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Women appear to be at increased risk of other autoimmune diseases - has Autoimmune ratio also changed? (vitamindwiki.com)
  • Their lifetime risk of other autoimmune conditions, especially Graves disease, is increased. (medscape.com)
  • The fire department must establish procedures for the evaluation of work limitations for employees with an infectious disease who in the course of performing their duties demonstrate evidence of functional impairment or inability to adhere to standard infection control practices or who present an excessive risk of infection to patients or fire department members. (iaff.org)
  • Based on the findings of studies conducted to date on infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women and the role of ACE2 in the placenta, it can be concluded that pregnant women run a higher risk of developing the severe form of COVID-19 than non-pregnant women. (eurekalert.org)
  • However, because it's also a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, it increases risk to the placenta in pregnant patients with COVID-19, because the organ becomes a target for the virus, alongside the lungs, kidneys and heart. (eurekalert.org)
  • For example, he developed the unique CHOP Scoring System for Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, a potentially fatal condition where twins sharing a placenta experience uneven blood flow. (chop.edu)
  • The placenta transports nutrients and oxygen from mother to foetus, secretes signalling factors into the mother so she supports foetal development, and is the main protective barrier for the foetus against toxins, bacteria, and hormones - such as stress hormones - in the mother's blood. (glamsham.com)
  • Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (cdc.gov)
  • The human placenta is unique among species. (hindawi.com)
  • This disease, this stage of disease, is more frequently diagnosed by the paleopathologist in ancient human bones because the bones are affected by typical lesions on cranium and on the long bones. (cdc.gov)
  • Mortality is higher among pregnant women with the disease, and Brazil has one of the world's highest rates of mortality from COVID-19 among pregnant women. (eurekalert.org)
  • Anatomopathological studies were performed in 15 placentas of pregnant women who were seropositive for Chagas' disease. (bvsalud.org)