A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE originating from the savanna of eastern Africa. It is widely grown for livestock forage.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Young shoots are eaten in Asian foods while the stiff mature stems are used for construction of many things. The common name of bamboo is also used for other genera of Poaceae including Phyllostachys, SASA, and Dendrocalamus.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The grain is used for FOOD and for ANIMAL FEED. This should not be confused with KAFFIR LIME or with KEFIR milk product.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is used for forage.
The process of germ cell development in plants, from the primordial PLANT GERM CELLS to the mature haploid PLANT GAMETES.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE that contains the Poa p Ia allergen and allergen C KBGP.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The seed is one of the EDIBLE GRAINS used in millet cereals and in feed for birds and livestock (ANIMAL FEED). It contains diosgenin (SAPONINS).
The genetic complement of CHLOROPLASTS as represented in their DNA.
A plant family of the order Typhales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons) that contains a single genus, Typha, that grows worldwide.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of CHLOROPLASTS.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.
Common member of the Gramineae family used as cattle FODDER. It harbors several fungi and other parasites toxic to livestock and people and produces allergenic compounds, especially in its pollen. The most commonly seen varieties are L. perenne, L. multiflorum, and L. rigidum.
The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.
The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.
Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.
A plant genus in the family POACEAE. Brachypodium distachyon is a model species for functional genomics studies.
The genetic complement of PLASTIDS as represented in their DNA.
The functional hereditary units of PLANTS.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Folin is the water-soluble extract from Sasa albomarginata. Sasa kurinensis is an ingredient of Sho-ju-sen, a Japanese herbal medicine.
The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.
Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. Finger millet or raggee (E. coracana) is an important food grain in southern Asia and parts of Africa.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The seed is one of the millets used in EDIBLE GRAIN. It contains vitexin. The common name of buffelgrass is also used for CENCHRUS.
Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.
A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.
Asexual reproduction resulting in the formation of viable seeds from FLOWERS without fertlization (i.e. use of POLLEN). Progeny plants produced from apomictic seeds are perfect clones of the parent.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The small pointed seeds are grown for hay in North America and western Europe and important as food in China and other Asian countries.
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The name is similar to Broom or Scotch Broom (CYTISUS) or Butcher's Broom (RUSCUS) or Desert Broom (BACCHARIS) or Spanish Broom (SPARTIUM).
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
The anamorphic form of the fungus EPICHLOE. Many Neotyphodium species produce ERGOT ALKALOIDS.
A cluster of FLOWERS (as opposed to a solitary flower) arranged on a main stem of a plant.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of wheatgrass is also used for other plants in the family.
A plant growing in a location where it is not wanted, often competing with cultivated plants.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Geographic variety, population, or race, within a species, that is genetically adapted to a particular habitat. An ecotype typically exhibits phenotypic differences but is capable of interbreeding with other ecotypes.
Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)
A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.
Self-replicating cytoplasmic organelles of plant and algal cells that contain pigments and may synthesize and accumulate various substances. PLASTID GENOMES are used in phylogenetic studies.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.
Non-native organisms brought into a region, habitat, or ECOSYSTEM by human activity.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
An endosymbiont that is either a bacterium or fungus living part of its life in a plant. Endophytes can benefit host plants by preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing them.
A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).
Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.
The presence of two or more genetic loci on the same chromosome. Extensions of this original definition refer to the similarity in content and organization between chromosomes, of different species for example.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The common name of fescue is also used with some other grasses.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The reproductive organs of plants.
Root-like underground horizontal stem of plants that produces shoots above and roots below. Distinguished from true roots which don't have buds and nodes. Similar to true roots in being underground and thickened by storage deposits.
The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.
The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.
Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in plants.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Technique that utilizes low-stringency polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with single primers of arbitrary sequence to generate strain-specific arrays of anonymous DNA fragments. RAPD technique may be used to determine taxonomic identity, assess kinship relationships, analyze mixed genome samples, and create specific probes.
Plant cell inclusion bodies that contain the photosynthetic pigment CHLOROPHYLL, which is associated with the membrane of THYLAKOIDS. Chloroplasts occur in cells of leaves and young stems of plants. They are also found in some forms of PHYTOPLANKTON such as HAPTOPHYTA; DINOFLAGELLATES; DIATOMS; and CRYPTOPHYTA.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).
The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

A taxonomic study of bacteria isolated from grasses: a proposed new species Pseudomonas graminis sp. nov. (1/2130)

The taxonomic position of a yellow-pigmented group of bacteria, isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses was investigated. Results obtained from restriction analysis of amplified 16S rDNA with seven endonucleases (CfoI, HaeIII, AluI, HinfI, MspI, Sau3A and ScrFI) showed identical restriction patterns for each enzyme of all isolates studied, which suggests that all strains belong to the same species. The grass isolates displayed the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas. They were Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped with polar flagella. Isolates were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and unable to oxidize or ferment glucose with the production of acid. The isolates did not reduce nitrate to nitrite but were able to utilize a wide range of compounds individually as a sole carbon source, with preference being given to the utilization of monosaccharides. The disaccharides tested were not utilized as substrates. The DNA base compositions of the tested strains ranged from 60 to 61 mol% G+C. The major isoprenoid quinone of each was ubiquinone Q-9 and hydroxy fatty acids were represented by 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid and 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid. Comparison of 16S rDNA sequences showed that the bacteria were members of the genus Pseudomonas, with similarity values between 91.5 and 97.7%. DNA-DNA hybridization studies with closely related neighbours revealed a low level of homology (< 27%), indicating that the isolates represent an individual species. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses a new species, Pseudomonas graminis sp. nov. (type strain DSM 11363T), is proposed.  (+info)

Evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass shown by reverse transcriptase domain analysis. (2/2130)

The evolutionary dynamics of Ty1-copia group retrotransposons in grass were examined by reverse transcriptase (RT) domain analysis. Twenty-three rice RT sequences were newly determined for this report. Phylogenetic analysis of 177 RT sequences, mostly derived from wheat, rice, and, maize, showed four distinct families, which were designated G1, G2, G3, and G4. Three of these families have elements obtained from distantly related species, indicative of origins prior to the radiation of grass species. Results of Southern hybridization and detailed comparisons between the wheat and rice sequences indicated that each of the families had undergone a distinct pattern of evolution. Multiple families appear to have evolved in parallel in a host species. Analyses of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions suggested that there is a low percentage of elements carrying functional RT domains in the G4 family, indicating that the production of new G4 elements has been controlled by a small number of elements carrying functional RT domains.  (+info)

Identification of Epichloe endophytes in planta by a microsatellite-based PCR fingerprinting assay with automated analysis. (3/2130)

Epichloe endophytes are a group of filamentous fungi that include both sexual (Epichloe) and asexual (Neotyphodium) species. As a group they are genetically diverse and form both antagonistic and mutualistic associations with temperate grasses. We report here on the development of a microsatellite-based PCR system for fingerprinting this group of fungi with template isolated from either culture or infected plant material. M13mp19 partial genomic libraries were constructed for size-fractionated genomic DNA from two endophyte strains. These libraries were screened with a mixture of DIG-labeled dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat probes. Positive clones were sequenced, and nine unique microsatellite loci were identified. An additional microsatellite was serendipitously identified in the 3' untranscribed region of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase gene from N. lolii Lp19. Primers were designed for each locus and a panel of endophytes, from different taxonomic groupings, was screened to determine the degree of polymorphism. On the basis of these results a multiplex assay was developed for strain identification with fluorescently labeled primers for five of these loci. Using this system the size of the products amplified can be precisely determined by automated analysis, and an allele profile for each strain can be readily generated. The assay was shown to resolve endophyte groupings to the level of known isozyme phenotype groupings. In a blind test the assay was used successfully to identify a set of endophytes in planta. A reference database of allele sizes has been established for the panel of endophytes examined, and this will be expanded as new strains are analyzed.  (+info)

Postweaning performance of calves from Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue or common bermudagrass. (4/2130)

Data from 403 Polled Hereford-sired calves from Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows were used to evaluate the effects of preweaning forage environment on postweaning performance. Calves were spring-born in 1991 to 1994 and managed on either endophyte-infected tall fescue (E+) or common bermudagrass (BG) during the preweaning phase. After weaning, calves were shipped to the Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK and stratified to one of two winter stocker treatments by breed and preweaning forage; stocker treatments were winter wheat pasture (WW) or native range plus supplemental CP (NR). Each stocker treatment was terminated in March, calves grazed cool-season grasses, and calves were then moved to a feedlot phase in June. In the feedlot phase, calves were fed to approximately 10 mm fat over the 12th rib and averaged approximately 115 d on feed. When finished, calves were weighed and shipped to Amarillo, TX for slaughter. Averaged over calf breed group, calves from E+ gained faster during the stocker phase (P<.10), had lighter starting and finished weights on feed (P< .01), lighter carcass weights (P<.01), and smaller longissimus muscle areas (P<.05) than calves from BG. Calves from E+ were similar to calves from BG in feedlot ADG, percentage kidney, heart, and pelvic fat, fat thickness over 12th rib, yield grade, marbling score, and dressing percentage. Maternal heterosis was larger in calves from E+ for starting weight on feed (P<.01), finished weight (P<.10), and carcass weight (P<.16). These data suggest that few carryover effects from tall fescue preweaning environments exist, other than lighter, but acceptable, weights through slaughter. These data further suggest that the tolerance to E+ in calves from reciprocal-cross cows, expressed in weaning weights, moderated postweaning weight differences between E+ and BG compared to similar comparisons in calves from purebred cows.  (+info)

The mechanism of rhythmic ethylene production in sorghum. The role of phytochrome B and simulated shading. (5/2130)

Mutant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) deficient in functional phytochrome B exhibits reduced photoperiodic sensitivity and constitutively expresses a shade-avoidance phenotype. Under relatively bright, high red:far-red light, ethylene production by seedlings of wild-type and phytochrome B-mutant cultivars progresses through cycles in a circadian rhythm; however, the phytochrome B mutant produces ethylene peaks with approximately 10 times the amplitude of the wild type. Time-course northern blots show that the mutant's abundance of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase mRNA SbACO2 is cyclic and is commensurate with ethylene production, and that ACC oxidase activity follows the same pattern. Both SbACO2 abundance and ACC oxidase activity in the wild-type plant are very low under this regimen. ACC levels in the two cultivars did not demonstrate fluctuations coincident with the ethylene produced. Simulated shading caused the wild-type plant to mimic the phenotype of the mutant and to produce high amplitude rhythms of ethylene evolution. The circadian feature of the ethylene cycle is conditionally present in the mutant and absent in the wild-type plant under simulated shading. SbACO2 abundance in both cultivars demonstrates a high-amplitude diurnal cycle under these conditions; however, ACC oxidase activity, although elevated, does not exhibit a clear rhythm correlated with ethylene production. ACC levels in both cultivars show fluctuations corresponding to the ethylene rhythm previously observed. It appears that at least two separate mechanisms may be involved in generating high-amplitude ethylene rhythms in sorghum, one in response to the loss of phytochrome B function and another in response to shading.  (+info)

Quantifying the risks of TB infection to cattle posed by badger excreta. (6/2130)

Despite strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that the main route of TB transmission from badgers to cattle is via contaminated badger excreta, it is unclear whether the associated risks are high enough to account for the prevalence of the disease in south-west England. To decide whether this was a viable route of transmission, cattle contact with badger excreta was investigated using a deterministic approach to quantify the risks to cattle posed by badger excreta. Levels of investigative and grazing contacts between cattle and badger urine and faeces could each account for the disease prevalence in south-west England. An infection probability of 3.7 x 10(-4) per bite from pasture contaminated with badger urine infected with Mycobacterium bovis could account for the prevalence of TB in cattle in south-west England. Infection probabilities of 6.9 x 10(-7) per investigation and 1.1 x 10(-7) per bite from badger latrines could each account for the prevalence of TB in cattle in the south-west. When considering only the high risk areas of south-west England these bounds fell by a factor of eight. However, badger excreta may still constitute a high level of risk to cattle. The levels of cattle contact with badger excreta are far higher than previously thought, suggesting that it is the probability of infection per given contact with infected badger excreta which has the greater influence on the probability of transmission and not the level of contact. The infection probability per cattle contact with infected badger excreta is in all likelihood extremely low.  (+info)

Fractionation of fiber and crude protein in fresh forages during the spring growth. (7/2130)

The composition of the fiber and CP of alfalfa, bromegrass, and endophyte-free and -infected tall fescue forages was compared during the spring growth from vegetative to reproductive stages. Forages were sampled from April 27 to June 6 in 1994, and from April 27 to June 11 in 1995, with 11 and 12 harvest dates, respectively. Total dietary fiber (TDF) was fractionated into insoluble and soluble fiber (SF). The CP of the forages was fractionated into nonprotein N (A), soluble CP (B1), insoluble CP that was soluble in neutral detergent (B2), CP insoluble in neutral detergent but soluble in acid detergent (B3), and CP insoluble in acid detergent (C). Effects of year, forage species, and harvest dates (day as a covariable) were included in the model. Across harvest dates, alfalfa (A) had lower (P < .01) TDF and higher (P < .01) SF concentrations than grasses (GR) (A: 49.9 and 14.4% and GR: 60.4 and 4.5% [OM basis] for TDF and SF, respectively). Alfalfa had higher (P < .01) CP (20.6% DM) than GR (15.3%). The rate of decrease in CP (% DM) across days was higher (P < .01) for bromegrass (-.4%/d) than for the other forages (-.29%/d). Fraction A (% of CP) was not different (P = .24) among forages (22.5%), but B1 was higher (P < .01) in A (17.1%) than in GR (13.2%). The B2 fraction (% of CP) was higher (P < .01) in A compared with GR (51.6 vs 45.9%, respectively). Alfalfa had lower (P < .01) B3 (3.0% of CP) than bromegrass (18.6%) and tall fescue (13.2%). Fraction C was not different (P = .23) among forages (3.8%). Fractions A, B1, and C (% of CP) did not change (P > .05) across days for all forages. Fraction B2 (% of CP) decreased across days in A (-.21%/d) but was not affected in GR. Fraction B3 (% of CP) increased (P < .05) in A (.1%/d), decreased in endophyte-infected tall fescue (-.20%/d), and did not change (P > .05) in the other forages. Crude protein and fiber composition were affected more by forage species than by maturity. The CP and NDF concentrations were more affected by maturity. Insoluble fractions but not soluble fractions of CP were affected by maturity.  (+info)

Molecular analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity in unimproved and improved upland grass pastures. (8/2130)

Bacterial community structure and diversity in rhizospheres in two types of grassland, distinguished by both plant species and fertilization regimen, were assessed by performing a 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis of DNAs extracted from triplicate soil plots. PCR products were cloned, and 45 to 48 clones from each of the six libraries were partially sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the resultant 275 clone sequences indicated that there was considerable variation in abundance in replicate unfertilized, unimproved soil samples and fertilized, improved soil samples but that there were no significant differences in the abundance of any phylogenetic group. Several clone sequences were identical in the 16S rDNA region analyzed, and the clones comprised eight pairs of duplicate clones and two sets of triplicate clones. Many clones were found to be most closely related to environmental clones obtained in other studies, although three clones were found to be identical to culturable species in databases. The clones were clustered into operational taxonomic units at a level of sequence similarity of >97% in order to quantify diversity. In all, 34 clusters containing two or more sequences were identified, and the largest group contained nine clones. A number of diversity, dominance, and evenness indices were calculated, and they all indicated that diversity was high, reflecting the low coverage of rDNA libraries achieved. Differences in diversity between sample types were not observed. Collector's curves, however, indicated that there were differences in the underlying community structures; in particular, there was reduced diversity of organisms of the alpha subdivision of the class Proteobacteria (alpha-proteobacteria) in improved soils.  (+info)

Poaceae is not a medical term but a taxonomic category, specifically the family name for grasses. In a broader sense, you might be asking for a medical context where knowledge of this plant family could be relevant. For instance, certain members of the Poaceae family can cause allergies or negative reactions in some people.

In a medical definition, Poaceae would be defined as:

The family of monocotyledonous plants that includes grasses, bamboo, and sedges. These plants are characterized by narrow leaves with parallel veins, jointed stems (called "nodes" and "internodes"), and flowers arranged in spikelets. Some members of this family are important food sources for humans and animals, such as rice, wheat, corn, barley, oats, and sorghum. Other members can cause negative reactions, like skin irritation or allergies, due to their silica-based defense structures called phytoliths.

Brachiaria is a genus of tropical and subtropical grasses that are native to Africa, but have since been introduced and naturalized in many other parts of the world. They are important pasture grasses for grazing livestock, particularly in areas with low soil fertility and high temperatures. Some species of Brachiaria have also been found to have potential as cover crops and for erosion control.

There is no medical definition of 'Brachiaria' as it is a term used in botany and agriculture, not medicine.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Bambusa" is not a medical term. It is actually the name of a genus of tropical grasses known as bamboos, which are native to Asia and other parts of the world. The plants in this genus are characterized by their woody stems, which can grow very tall and strong, and are often used for various purposes such as construction materials, food, and ornamental plants.

If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help you with those instead!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Sorghum" is not a medical term. It is actually the name of a genus of various grasses, one species of which is cultivated as a cereal crop. Sorghum is primarily used for food, animal feed, and the production of biofuel. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help with those instead!

"Paspalum" is not a medical term. It is a genus of plants, also known as "darnel grasses," which includes several species of warm-season annual and perennial grasses that are native to tropical and temperate regions around the world. Some Paspalum species are used for turfgrass, forage, or erosion control, while others can be invasive weeds in certain areas. There is no direct medical relevance of "Paspalum" as a genus of plants.

Gametogenesis in plants refers to the process of formation and development of gametes or sex cells (male: sperm and female: egg) through meiotic cell division. This process occurs within specialized reproductive organs called anthers (in male gametophyte) and ovules (in female gametophyte).

In the case of male gametogenesis, also known as microsporogenesis, diploid microspore mother cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid microspores. These microspores further develop into mature pollen grains through a process called pollen grain development or maturation.

Female gametogenesis, also known as megasporogenesis, involves the formation of megaspore mother cells within the ovule sac. The megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores. Only one of these megaspores survives and develops into a multicellular female gametophyte, also known as an embryo sac. This embryo sac contains several cells, including the egg cell, two synergids, three antipodal cells, and two polar nuclei.

These male and female gametes are involved in fertilization to form a zygote, which eventually develops into a new plant through the process of embryogenesis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poa" is not a medical term. It is a genus of grasses commonly known as meadow grass or bluegrass. If you have misspelled or are thinking of a different term, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Panicum" is not a medical term. It is the name of a genus of plants, including many types of grasses, commonly known as panicgrass or switchgrass. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer those for you!

A chloroplast genome is the entire genetic material that is present in the chloroplasts, which are organelles found in plant cells and some protists. The chloroplast genome is circular in shape and contains about 120-160 kilobases (kb) of DNA. It encodes for a small number of proteins, ribosomal RNAs, and transfer RNAs that are required for the function of the chloroplasts, particularly in photosynthesis. The chloroplast genome is usually inherited maternally, meaning it is passed down from the mother to her offspring.

The chloroplast genome is relatively simple compared to the nuclear genome, which contains many more genes and regulatory elements. However, most of the proteins required for chloroplast function are actually encoded in the nucleus and imported into the chloroplasts. The study of chloroplast genomes can provide insights into the evolutionary history of plants and their photosynthetic ancestors.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Typhaceae" is not a medical term. It is a taxonomic category in botany, specifically the name of a family of flowering plants that includes cattails and bulrushes. In modern classification systems, Typhaceae is often included within the broader family Typhaeaceae or combined with Sparganiaceae into the order Typhales.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare, please don't hesitate to ask!

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) refers to the genetic material present in the chloroplasts, which are organelles found in the cells of photosynthetic organisms such as plants, algae, and some bacteria. Chloroplasts are responsible for capturing sunlight energy and converting it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.

Chloroplast DNA is circular and contains a small number of genes compared to the nuclear genome. It encodes for some of the essential components required for chloroplast function, including proteins involved in photosynthesis, transcription, and translation. The majority of chloroplast proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and are imported into the chloroplast after being synthesized in the cytoplasm.

Chloroplast DNA is inherited maternally in most plants, meaning that it is passed down from the maternal parent to their offspring through the egg cell. This mode of inheritance has been used in plant breeding and genetic engineering to introduce desirable traits into crops.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material present in the cells of all living organisms, including plants. In plants, DNA is located in the nucleus of a cell, as well as in chloroplasts and mitochondria. Plant DNA contains the instructions for the development, growth, and function of the plant, and is passed down from one generation to the next through the process of reproduction.

The structure of DNA is a double helix, formed by two strands of nucleotides that are linked together by hydrogen bonds. Each nucleotide contains a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, forming the rungs of the ladder that make up the double helix.

The genetic information in DNA is encoded in the sequence of these nitrogenous bases. Large sequences of bases form genes, which provide the instructions for the production of proteins. The process of gene expression involves transcribing the DNA sequence into a complementary RNA molecule, which is then translated into a protein.

Plant DNA is similar to animal DNA in many ways, but there are also some differences. For example, plant DNA contains a higher proportion of repetitive sequences and transposable elements, which are mobile genetic elements that can move around the genome and cause mutations. Additionally, plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, which are not present in animal cells, and these structures contain their own DNA.

"Lolium" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. It is actually the genus name for a group of plants that are more commonly known as ryegrasses. These plants belong to the family Poaceae and include several species that are widely used as pasture, hay, or lawn grasses.

While not directly related to human health, these plants can have indirect effects on health, particularly in agricultural settings. For example, certain ryegrass species can host a parasitic nematode called "Haemonchus contortus," which can infect and cause disease in livestock that graze on the grass.

However, without further context, it's challenging to provide a specific medical definition for "Lolium." If you have more information or if this term is being used in a specific medical context, please provide those details so I can give a more accurate response.

Polyploidy is a condition in which a cell or an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes, unlike the typical diploid state where there are only two sets (one from each parent). Polyploidy can occur through various mechanisms such as errors during cell division, fusion of egg and sperm cells that have an abnormal number of chromosomes, or through the reproduction process in plants.

Polyploidy is common in the plant kingdom, where it often leads to larger size, increased biomass, and sometimes hybrid vigor. However, in animals, polyploidy is less common and usually occurs in only certain types of cells or tissues, as most animals require a specific number of chromosomes for normal development and reproduction. In humans, polyploidy is typically not compatible with life and can lead to developmental abnormalities and miscarriage.

A plant genome refers to the complete set of genetic material or DNA present in the cells of a plant. It contains all the hereditary information necessary for the development and functioning of the plant, including its structural and functional characteristics. The plant genome includes both coding regions that contain instructions for producing proteins and non-coding regions that have various regulatory functions.

The plant genome is composed of several types of DNA molecules, including chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus of the cell. Each chromosome contains one or more genes, which are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins or RNA molecules. Plants typically have multiple sets of chromosomes, with each set containing a complete copy of the genome.

The study of plant genomes is an active area of research in modern biology, with important applications in areas such as crop improvement, evolutionary biology, and medical research. Advances in DNA sequencing technologies have made it possible to determine the complete sequences of many plant genomes, providing valuable insights into their structure, function, and evolution.

Chromosomes in plants are thread-like structures that contain genetic material, DNA, and proteins. They are present in the nucleus of every cell and are inherited from the parent plants during sexual reproduction. Chromosomes come in pairs, with each pair consisting of one chromosome from each parent.

In plants, like in other organisms, chromosomes play a crucial role in inheritance, development, and reproduction. They carry genetic information that determines various traits and characteristics of the plant, such as its physical appearance, growth patterns, and resistance to diseases.

Plant chromosomes are typically much larger than those found in animals, making them easier to study under a microscope. The number of chromosomes varies among different plant species, ranging from as few as 2 in some ferns to over 1000 in certain varieties of wheat.

During cell division, the chromosomes replicate and then separate into two identical sets, ensuring that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information. This process is critical for the growth and development of the plant, as well as for the production of viable seeds and offspring.

'Brachypodium' is a genus of plants in the family Poaceae, also known as grasses. It includes several species of narrow-leafed cool-season grasses that are native to Europe, Asia, and Africa. One of the most commonly studied species is Brachypodium distachyon, which is often used as a model organism in plant research due to its small genome size, ease of cultivation, and short life cycle. The name 'Brachypodium' comes from the Greek words "brachys" meaning short and "podion" meaning little foot, referring to the short spikelets of these grasses.

A genome is the complete set of genetic material present within an organism. In eukaryotic cells, which include plants, animals, and other complex life forms, the genome is divided into several compartments, including the nucleus (where most of the genetic material is housed) and the plastids (which include chloroplasts in plant cells).

A plastid genome, also known as a plastome, is the genetic material found within a plastid. Plastids are organelles found in the cells of plants, algae, and some protists that are involved in various metabolic processes, including photosynthesis. The plastid genome is typically a circular molecule of DNA that contains genes encoding for proteins, ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA) that are necessary for the function and maintenance of the plastid.

The plastid genome is relatively small compared to the nuclear genome, typically ranging from 120-160 kilobases in length. The gene content and organization of plastid genomes are highly conserved across different plant species, making them useful tools for studying evolutionary relationships among plants. Additionally, because plastids are maternally inherited in many plant species, the plastid genome has been used to study patterns of maternal inheritance and hybridization in plants.

A gene in plants, like in other organisms, is a hereditary unit that carries genetic information from one generation to the next. It is a segment of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) that contains the instructions for the development and function of an organism. Genes in plants determine various traits such as flower color, plant height, resistance to diseases, and many others. They are responsible for encoding proteins and RNA molecules that play crucial roles in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants. Plant genes can be manipulated through traditional breeding methods or genetic engineering techniques to improve crop yield, enhance disease resistance, and increase nutritional value.

I am not aware of a medical definition for the term "sasa." It is possible that it could be a typographical error or a slang term. If you are referring to a specific medical condition, please provide more context or check the spelling so I can give you an accurate and helpful response.

Pollen, in a medical context, refers to the fine powder-like substance produced by the male reproductive organ of seed plants. It contains microscopic grains known as pollen grains, which are transported by various means such as wind, water, or insects to the female reproductive organ of the same or another plant species for fertilization.

Pollen can cause allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly during the spring and summer months when plants release large amounts of pollen into the air. These allergies, also known as hay fever or seasonal allergic rhinitis, can result in symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy eyes, and coughing.

It is important to note that while all pollen has the potential to cause allergic reactions, certain types of plants, such as ragweed, grasses, and trees, are more likely to trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals.

"Oryza sativa" is the scientific name for Asian rice, which is a species of grass and one of the most important food crops in the world. It is a staple food for more than half of the global population, providing a significant source of calories and carbohydrates. There are several varieties of Oryza sativa, including indica and japonica, which differ in their genetic makeup, growth habits, and grain characteristics.

Oryza sativa is an annual plant that grows to a height of 1-2 meters and produces long slender leaves and clusters of flowers at the top of the stem. The grains are enclosed within a tough husk, which must be removed before consumption. Rice is typically grown in flooded fields or paddies, which provide the necessary moisture for germination and growth.

Rice is an important source of nutrition for people around the world, particularly in developing countries where it may be one of the few reliable sources of food. It is rich in carbohydrates, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals, including thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, iron, and magnesium. However, rice can also be a significant source of arsenic, a toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the grain during growth.

In medical terms, Oryza sativa may be used as a component of nutritional interventions for individuals who are at risk of malnutrition or who have specific dietary needs. It may also be studied in clinical trials to evaluate its potential health benefits or risks.

"Eleusine" is the genus name for a group of plants that includes several species of grasses, some of which are known as "goosegrass." It does not have a specific medical definition, but certain species of Eleusine may have medicinal or therapeutic uses. For example, in traditional medicine, the leaves and seeds of some Eleusine species have been used to treat various conditions such as diarrhea, dysentery, and skin diseases. However, it is important to note that these uses have not been extensively studied or proven in clinical trials, so they should not be considered medical facts. Always consult with a healthcare provider for medical advice.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pennisetum" is not a medical term. It is the name of a genus of plants in the grass family, also known as fountain grasses or feather grasses. They are often used in ornamental landscaping. If you have any questions about a medical term or concept, I'd be happy to help clarify!

Angiosperms, also known as flowering plants, are a group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek words "angeion," meaning "case" or "capsule," and "sperma," meaning "seed." This group includes the majority of plant species, with over 300,000 known species.

Angiosperms are characterized by their reproductive structures, which consist of flowers. The flower contains male and female reproductive organs, including stamens (which produce pollen) and carpels (which contain the ovules). After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed, while the ovary matures into a fruit, which provides protection and nutrition for the developing embryo.

Angiosperms are further divided into two main groups: monocots and eudicots. Monocots have one cotyledon or embryonic leaf, while eudicots have two. Examples of monocots include grasses, lilies, and orchids, while examples of eudicots include roses, sunflowers, and legumes.

Angiosperms are ecologically and economically important, providing food, shelter, and other resources for many organisms, including humans. They have evolved a wide range of adaptations to different environments, from the desert to the ocean floor, making them one of the most diverse and successful groups of plants on Earth.

'Zea mays' is the biological name for corn or maize, which is not typically considered a medical term. However, corn or maize can have medical relevance in certain contexts. For example, cornstarch is sometimes used as a diluent for medications and is also a component of some skin products. Corn oil may be found in topical ointments and creams. In addition, some people may have allergic reactions to corn or corn-derived products. But generally speaking, 'Zea mays' itself does not have a specific medical definition.

Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction in plants that involves the development of a seed without fertilization. It occurs through various mechanisms, such as agamospermy or parthenogenesis, where the embryo develops from an unfertilized egg cell or other cells within the ovule. This process bypasses the formation of gametes and meiosis, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.

In agamospermy, the embryo sac develops without fertilization, and the chromosome number is maintained through mitotic divisions. In parthenogenesis, the egg cell develops into an embryo without being fertilized by a sperm cell. Apomixis can be advantageous for plant breeding as it allows for the rapid propagation of desirable traits and hybrids without the need for time-consuming and expensive traditional breeding methods. However, apomictic plants may also exhibit reduced genetic diversity, which can make them more susceptible to diseases and pests.

Setaria Plant, also known as "foxtail millet," does not have a specific medical definition. However, it is worth noting that certain species of the Setaria genus can cause human health issues. For instance, Setaria viridis (green foxtail) and Setaria italica (Italian foxtail) are weedy grasses that can produce bothersome symptoms if their awns (bristle-like appendages on the ear of the plant) become embedded in human skin. This occurrence is more common in agricultural or gardening settings where individuals come into direct contact with the plants. The awns can cause mechanical irritation, inflammation, and infection in some cases.

Nonetheless, Setaria plants are primarily known for their agricultural importance as cereal crops and animal feed rather than their medical significance.

Molecular evolution is the process of change in the DNA sequence or protein structure over time, driven by mechanisms such as mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection. It refers to the evolutionary study of changes in DNA, RNA, and proteins, and how these changes accumulate and lead to new species and diversity of life. Molecular evolution can be used to understand the history and relationships among different organisms, as well as the functional consequences of genetic changes.

'Bromus' is a genus of plants in the grass family, Poaceae. It includes several species of annual and perennial grasses that are commonly known as brome or cheatgrass. These plants are native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, but some have been introduced and naturalized in other parts of the world, including North America. Some Bromus species can be invasive and cause problems for native vegetation and wildlife habitats.

It's important to note that 'Bromus' is a taxonomic category (a genus) and not a medical term or concept. Therefore, it does not have a specific medical definition. However, if someone has an allergic reaction or other health issues related to exposure to Bromus grasses, then the symptoms and treatment would be similar to those of other allergies or plant-related health problems.

"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.

Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.

Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.

"Neotyphodium" is not a medical term, but rather it is a genus of fungi that belongs to the family Clavicipitaceae. These endophytic fungi form mutualistic symbiotic relationships with various grass species, including important forage and turfgrasses. They colonize the interior of grass leaves and stems without causing apparent harm to the host plant, while receiving nutrients in return. Some Neotyphodium species produce alkaloids, which can provide the host grass with resistance to insect pests and certain diseases. However, these alkaloids may have negative effects on livestock that graze on the infected grasses, causing various toxicities or neurological disorders.

Inflorescence is a term used in the field of botany, which includes the study of plants. However, I understand that you are asking for a medical definition. In the context of medicine, specifically in pathology, inflorescence may refer to the arrangement or growth pattern of lesions or neoplasms (abnormal growths) in a particular area of the body.

To provide a precise medical definition, I would need more context about how the term is being used. Nonetheless, based on the botanical definition, inflorescence refers to the cluster or arrangement of flowers on a stem or branch. It can take various forms, such as spikes, racemes, panicles, umbels, and corymbs, depending on the pattern in which flowers are arranged.

"Agropyron" is a genus of perennial grasses that are commonly known as wheatgrass or intermediate wheatgrass. These plants are native to Europe, Asia, and North America and are often used for forage, erosion control, and reclamation of disturbed lands. They have solid stems and narrow leaves, and produce spike-like flowers that contain the seeds. Some species of Agropyron are also grown as ornamental grasses in gardens and landscapes.

It is worth noting that "Agropyron" is a taxonomic genus that has been revised over time, and some species previously classified under this genus have now been moved to other genera, such as "Elymus" and "Pseudoroegneria". Therefore, it is important to consult the most recent taxonomic literature for accurate information on the classification of these plants.

I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. In the field of medicine, the term "weeds" is not typically used as a medical definition. The term "weeds" is commonly used to refer to unwanted plants that grow in a particular location, often in agricultural or gardening contexts.

If you are referring to plants that may have medicinal properties but are not typically cultivated and are instead found growing wild, they might be referred to as "wildcrafted herbs" or "weedy species," but there is no official medical definition for these terms either.

If you could provide more context or clarify your question, I would be happy to help further!

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

An ecotype is a population of a species that is adapted to specific environmental conditions and exhibits genetic differences from other populations of the same species that live in different environments. These genetic adaptations allow the ecotype to survive and reproduce more successfully in its particular habitat compared to other populations. The term "ecotype" was first introduced by botanist John Gregor Mendel in 1870 to describe the variation within plant species due to environmental factors.

Ecotypes can be found in various organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. They are often studied in ecology and evolutionary biology to understand how genetic differences arise and evolve in response to environmental pressures. Ecotypes can differ from each other in traits such as morphology, physiology, behavior, and life history strategies.

Examples of ecotypes include:

* Desert and coastal ecotypes of the lizard Uta stansburiana, which show differences in body size, limb length, and reproductive strategies due to adaptation to different habitats.
* Arctic and alpine ecotypes of the plant Arabis alpina, which have distinct flowering times and cold tolerance mechanisms that help them survive in their respective environments.
* Freshwater and marine ecotypes of the copepod Eurytemora affinis, which differ in body size, developmental rate, and salinity tolerance due to adaptation to different aquatic habitats.

It is important to note that the concept of ecotype is not always clearly defined or consistently applied in scientific research. Some researchers use it to describe any population that shows genetic differences related to environmental factors, while others reserve it for cases where there is strong evidence of local adaptation and reproductive isolation between populations.

I believe there may be a slight misunderstanding in your question. "Plant leaves" are not a medical term, but rather a general biological term referring to a specific organ found in plants.

Leaves are organs that are typically flat and broad, and they are the primary site of photosynthesis in most plants. They are usually green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which is essential for capturing sunlight and converting it into chemical energy through photosynthesis.

While leaves do not have a direct medical definition, understanding their structure and function can be important in various medical fields, such as pharmacognosy (the study of medicinal plants) or environmental health. For example, certain plant leaves may contain bioactive compounds that have therapeutic potential, while others may produce allergens or toxins that can impact human health.

"Triticum" is the genus name for a group of cereal grains that includes common wheat (T. aestivum), durum wheat (T. durum), and spelt (T. spelta). These grains are important sources of food for humans, providing carbohydrates, proteins, and various nutrients. They are used to make a variety of foods such as bread, pasta, and breakfast cereals. Triticum species are also known as "wheat" in layman's terms.

Plastids are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of plants and algae. They are responsible for various cellular functions, including photosynthesis, storage of starch, lipids, and proteins, and the production of pigments that give plants their color. The most common types of plastids are chloroplasts (which contain chlorophyll and are involved in photosynthesis), chromoplasts (which contain pigments such as carotenoids and are responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors of fruits and flowers), and leucoplasts (which do not contain pigments and serve mainly as storage organelles). Plastids have their own DNA and can replicate themselves within the cell.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hordeum" is not a medical term. It is actually the genus name for barley in botany. If you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to explain, please let me know!

In the context of medical and ecological health, an "introduced species" refers to a plant or animal population that has been intentionally or unintentionally introduced by human actions into a new environment, outside of their natural historical range, where they do not have any known native predecessors. These introductions can occur through various means such as accidental transportation in cargo, deliberate releases for purposes like biological control or pets, and escapes from cultivation.

Introduced species can become invasive if they adapt well to their new environment, reproduce rapidly, outcompete native species for resources, and disrupt local ecosystems. This can lead to significant ecological changes, loss of biodiversity, impacts on human health, and economic consequences. Some introduced species carry diseases or parasites that can affect humans, livestock, and wildlife in the new environment, posing potential public health concerns.

DNA Sequence Analysis is the systematic determination of the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. It is a critical component of modern molecular biology, genetics, and genetic engineering. The process involves determining the exact order of the four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - in a DNA molecule or fragment. This information is used in various applications such as identifying gene mutations, studying evolutionary relationships, developing molecular markers for breeding, and diagnosing genetic diseases.

The process of DNA Sequence Analysis typically involves several steps, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification (if necessary), purification, sequencing reaction, and electrophoresis. The resulting data is then analyzed using specialized software to determine the exact sequence of nucleotides.

In recent years, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, enabling the rapid and cost-effective sequencing of entire genomes. This has led to an explosion of genomic data and new insights into the genetic basis of many diseases and traits.

Endophytes are microorganisms, typically bacteria or fungi, that live inside the tissues of plants without causing any visible disease or harm to the plant. They can be found in almost all plant species and are known to exist in a mutualistic relationship with their host plants. Endophytes can provide various benefits to the plants such as growth promotion, increased resistance to pathogens, and protection against herbivores. Some endophytic fungi also produce bioactive compounds that have potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.

Microsatellite repeats, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), are repetitive DNA sequences made up of units of 1-6 base pairs that are repeated in a head-to-tail manner. These repeats are spread throughout the human genome and are highly polymorphic, meaning they can have different numbers of repeat units in different individuals.

Microsatellites are useful as genetic markers because of their high degree of variability. They are commonly used in forensic science to identify individuals, in genealogy to trace ancestry, and in medical research to study genetic diseases and disorders. Mutations in microsatellite repeats have been associated with various neurological conditions, including Huntington's disease and fragile X syndrome.

Gene duplication, in the context of genetics and genomics, refers to an event where a segment of DNA that contains a gene is copied, resulting in two identical copies of that gene. This can occur through various mechanisms such as unequal crossing over during meiosis, retrotransposition, or whole genome duplication. The duplicate genes are then passed on to the next generation.

Gene duplications can have several consequences. Often, one copy may continue to function normally while the other is free to mutate without affecting the organism's survival, potentially leading to new functions (neofunctionalization) or subfunctionalization where each copy takes on some of the original gene's roles.

Gene duplication plays a significant role in evolution by providing raw material for the creation of novel genes and genetic diversity. However, it can also lead to various genetic disorders if multiple copies of a gene become dysfunctional or if there are too many copies, leading to an overdose effect.

Synteny, in the context of genetics and genomics, refers to the presence of two or more genetic loci (regions) on the same chromosome, in the same relative order and orientation. This term is often used to describe conserved gene organization between different species, indicating a common ancestry.

It's important to note that synteny should not be confused with "colinearity," which refers to the conservation of gene content and order within a genome or between genomes of closely related species. Synteny is a broader concept that can also include conserved gene order across more distantly related species, even if some genes have been lost or gained in the process.

In medical research, synteny analysis can be useful for identifying conserved genetic elements and regulatory regions that may play important roles in disease susceptibility or other biological processes.

Genetic variation refers to the differences in DNA sequences among individuals and populations. These variations can result from mutations, genetic recombination, or gene flow between populations. Genetic variation is essential for evolution by providing the raw material upon which natural selection acts. It can occur within a single gene, between different genes, or at larger scales, such as differences in the number of chromosomes or entire sets of chromosomes. The study of genetic variation is crucial in understanding the genetic basis of diseases and traits, as well as the evolutionary history and relationships among species.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Festuca" is not a medical term. It is actually the genus name for a group of plants commonly known as fescue grasses. These grasses are often used in lawns, pastures, and meadows. If you have any questions about a medical term or concept, I would be happy to help if I can!

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "flowers" is not a term that has a medical definition. The term "flowers" is commonly used to refer to the reproductive structures of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are characterized by having both male and female reproductive organs or separate male and female flowers.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health conditions, I would be happy to try to help answer those for you!

A rhizome is not typically used as a medical term, but it is a term borrowed from botany that has been adopted in some areas of medicine, particularly in psychiatry and psychotherapy.

In its original botanical sense, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a plant that grows underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes. This growth pattern is contrasted with that of a root system, which grows downward, and a stem system, which grows upward.

In psychiatry and psychotherapy, the term "rhizome" has been used as a metaphor to describe a non-hierarchical and decentralized approach to understanding mental processes and subjectivity. The rhizome model emphasizes the complexity, multiplicity, and interconnectedness of these processes, and rejects simplistic or reductionist explanations that focus on a single cause or origin. Instead, it encourages a more holistic and dynamic view of mental life, one that is open to multiple perspectives and interpretations.

It's important to note that the use of the term "rhizome" in this context is metaphorical and not medical in the strict sense. It is a way of thinking about mental processes and subjectivity that has been influenced by poststructuralist and feminist theories, among others.

In medical terms, "seeds" are often referred to as a small amount of a substance, such as a radioactive material or drug, that is inserted into a tissue or placed inside a capsule for the purpose of treating a medical condition. This can include procedures like brachytherapy, where seeds containing radioactive materials are used in the treatment of cancer to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Similarly, in some forms of drug delivery, seeds containing medication can be used to gradually release the drug into the body over an extended period of time.

It's important to note that "seeds" have different meanings and applications depending on the medical context. In other cases, "seeds" may simply refer to small particles or structures found in the body, such as those present in the eye's retina.

Genetic hybridization is a biological process that involves the crossing of two individuals from different populations or species, which can lead to the creation of offspring with new combinations of genetic material. This occurs when the gametes (sex cells) from each parent combine during fertilization, resulting in a zygote with a unique genetic makeup.

In genetics, hybridization can also refer to the process of introducing new genetic material into an organism through various means, such as genetic engineering or selective breeding. This type of hybridization is often used in agriculture and biotechnology to create crops or animals with desirable traits, such as increased disease resistance or higher yields.

It's important to note that the term "hybrid" can refer to both crosses between different populations within a single species (intraspecific hybrids) and crosses between different species (interspecific hybrids). The latter is often more challenging, as significant genetic differences between the two parental species can lead to various reproductive barriers, making it difficult for the hybrid offspring to produce viable offspring of their own.

Genetic markers are specific segments of DNA that are used in genetic mapping and genotyping to identify specific genetic locations, diseases, or traits. They can be composed of short tandem repeats (STRs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), or variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs). These markers are useful in various fields such as genetic research, medical diagnostics, forensic science, and breeding programs. They can help to track inheritance patterns, identify genetic predispositions to diseases, and solve crimes by linking biological evidence to suspects or victims.

A genetic locus (plural: loci) is a specific location on a chromosome where a particular gene or DNA sequence is found. It is the precise position where a specific genetic element, such as a gene or marker, is located on a chromsomere. This location is defined in terms of its relationship to other genetic markers and features on the same chromosome. Genetic loci can be used in linkage and association studies to identify the inheritance patterns and potential relationships between genes and various traits or diseases.

Gene expression regulation in plants refers to the processes that control the production of proteins and RNA from the genes present in the plant's DNA. This regulation is crucial for normal growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli in plants. It can occur at various levels, including transcription (the first step in gene expression, where the DNA sequence is copied into RNA), RNA processing (such as alternative splicing, which generates different mRNA molecules from a single gene), translation (where the information in the mRNA is used to produce a protein), and post-translational modification (where proteins are chemically modified after they have been synthesized).

In plants, gene expression regulation can be influenced by various factors such as hormones, light, temperature, and stress. Plants use complex networks of transcription factors, chromatin remodeling complexes, and small RNAs to regulate gene expression in response to these signals. Understanding the mechanisms of gene expression regulation in plants is important for basic research, as well as for developing crops with improved traits such as increased yield, stress tolerance, and disease resistance.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "seasons" is not a term that has a medical definition. Seasons refer to the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn or fall, and winter) based on the position of the earth in its orbit around the sun. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer those!

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique is a type of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based method used in molecular biology for DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis. This technique utilizes random primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequences to amplify random segments of genomic DNA. The amplified products are then separated by electrophoresis, and the resulting banding patterns are analyzed.

In RAPD analysis, the randomly chosen primers bind to multiple sites in the genome, and the intervening regions between the primer binding sites are amplified. Since the primer binding sites can vary among individuals within a species or among different species, the resulting amplicons will also differ. These differences in amplicon size and pattern can be used to distinguish between individuals or populations at the DNA level.

RAPD is a relatively simple and cost-effective technique that does not require prior knowledge of the genome sequence. However, it has some limitations, such as low reproducibility and sensitivity to experimental conditions. Despite these limitations, RAPD remains a useful tool for genetic analysis in various fields, including forensics, plant breeding, and microbial identification.

Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in the cells of green plants, algae, and some protists. They are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, which is the process by which these organisms convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose.

Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy from the sun. They also contain a system of membranes and enzymes that convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through a series of chemical reactions known as the Calvin cycle. This process not only provides energy for the organism but also releases oxygen as a byproduct, which is essential for the survival of most life forms on Earth.

Chloroplasts are believed to have originated from ancient cyanobacteria that were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells and eventually became integrated into their host's cellular machinery through a process called endosymbiosis. Over time, chloroplasts evolved to become an essential component of plant and algal cells, contributing to their ability to carry out photosynthesis and thrive in a wide range of environments.

An "ecosystem" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, as it is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of ecology and environmental science. However, I can provide you with the general ecological definition of an ecosystem:

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment, including both biotic factors (plants, animals, microorganisms) and abiotic factors (climate, soil, water, and air). These interactions create a complex network of relationships that form the foundation of ecological processes, such as energy flow, nutrient cycling, and population dynamics.

While there is no direct medical definition for an ecosystem, understanding the principles of ecosystems can have important implications for human health. For example, healthy ecosystems can provide clean air and water, regulate climate, support food production, and offer opportunities for recreation and relaxation, all of which contribute to overall well-being. Conversely, degraded ecosystems can lead to increased exposure to environmental hazards, reduced access to natural resources, and heightened risks of infectious diseases. Therefore, maintaining the health and integrity of ecosystems is crucial for promoting human health and preventing disease.

A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.

An allergen is a substance that can cause an allergic reaction in some people. These substances are typically harmless to most people, but for those with allergies, the immune system mistakenly identifies them as threats and overreacts, leading to the release of histamines and other chemicals that cause symptoms such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, rashes, hives, and difficulty breathing. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, insect venom, and certain foods or medications. When a person comes into contact with an allergen, they may experience symptoms that range from mild to severe, depending on the individual's sensitivity to the substance and the amount of exposure.

Photosynthesis is not strictly a medical term, but it is a fundamental biological process with significant implications for medicine, particularly in understanding energy production in cells and the role of oxygen in sustaining life. Here's a general biological definition:

Photosynthesis is a process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy in the form of organic compounds, such as glucose (or sugar), using water and carbon dioxide. This process primarily takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in structures called thylakoids. The overall reaction can be summarized as:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

In this equation, carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the reactants, while glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) are the products. Photosynthesis has two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle). The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane and involve the conversion of light energy into ATP and NADPH, which are used to power the Calvin cycle. The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts and involves the synthesis of glucose from CO2 and water using the ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions.

Understanding photosynthesis is crucial for understanding various biological processes, including cellular respiration, plant metabolism, and the global carbon cycle. Additionally, research into artificial photosynthesis has potential applications in renewable energy production and environmental remediation.

... at the online Flora of Taiwan Poaceae at the online Flora of Pakistan Poaceae at the online Flora of Zimbabwe Poaceae ... ISBN 0-684-80164-7. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Poaceae. Wikispecies has information related to Poaceae. Wikimedia ... Poaceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Poaceae Classification from the online Catalogue of New World Grasses Poaceae ... Vegetative Key to Grasses Poaceae at The Plant List Learning about Grasses at The Story of the Poaceae "Grasses" . Encyclopædia ...
10 to 20 percent of species names change in Poaceae". Taxon. 61 (4): 735-746. doi:10.1002/tax.614003. Poaceae Barnhart. Plants ... The true grasses (Poaceae) are one of the largest plant families, with around 12,000 species and roughly 800 genera. They ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Poaceae, Lists of graminoids, Lists of plant ... "A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 53 (2): 117-137. doi ...
Poaceae (/poʊˈeɪsiaɪ/) or Gramineae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order ... The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as ... Some members of the Poaceae are used as building materials (bamboo, thatch, and straw); others can provide a source of biofuel ... With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, ...
The larval food plants of many species in this tribe are grasses, i.e. Poaceae. It is considered that the Satyrini diversified ...
F. R. Blattner (2004). "Phylogenetic analysis of Hordeum (Poaceae) as inferred by nuclear rDNA ITS sequences". Molecular ... F. R. Blattner (2006). "Multiple intercontinental dispersals shaped the distribution area of Hordeum (Poaceae)". New ... "Poaceae". In A. Güner; S. Aslan; T. Ekim; M. Vural; M. T. Babaç (eds.). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Istanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit ... Poaceae: Triticeae)". Breeding Science. 69 (5): 471-480. doi:10.1270/jsbbs.59.471. S. S. Jakob; A. Ihlow; F. R. Blattner (2007 ...
Poaceae). HAYATI Journal of Biosciences, 20(4), 163-170. doi:10.4308/hjb.20.4.163 Cuadrado, A., & Jouve, N. (2002). ...
2015). Poaceae. ISBN 978-3-319-15331-5. 14. Kadereit, Joachim W.; Bittrich, Volker, eds. (2016). Flowering Plants. Eudicots: ...
Also typically for the Poaceae, the fruit formed is a single seed fused to the pericarp called a caryopsis, although in R. ... As with most members of the Poaceae family, the fertile spikelets contain florets with two lodicules, fleshy scales which open ... 667) Proposal to conserve the species name Rottboellia exaltata L. f. (Poaceae). Taxon 31:564-565 Strahan, R. E., Griffin, J. L ... 23). Teerawatananon, A., Jacobs, S. W. L., & Hodkinson, T. R. (2010). Phylogenetics of Panicoideae (Poaceae) based on ...
Monocots: Poaceae. Elsevier. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15332-2. ISBN 978-3-319-15331-5. S2CID 30485589. Grotewold, E.; Chappell, J ... Welker, C.A.D.; Kellogg, E.A.; Prado, J. (2014). "Andropogoneae versus Sacchareae (Poaceae: Panicoideae): The end of a great ... Hodge, J.G.; Kellogg, E.A. (2014). "Patterns of Inflorescence Development of Three Prairie Grasses (Andropogoneae, Poaceae)". ... Poaceae: Paniceae) and its close relatives". American Journal of Botany. 101 (3): 539-557. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300428. ISSN 0002- ...
Poaceae). Taxon 50:1101-1106. (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with ' ... Sesleria caerulea, the blue moor-grass, is a species of perennial grass in the family Poaceae, native to Europe. Wikispecies ...
Cyperales > Poaceae > Nassella trichotoma Hackel ex Arech. Weeds Australia - Weeds of National Significance - Serrated Tussock ...
Poaceae. 93(3): 598-821. In B. E. Hammel, M. H. Grayum, C. Herrera Mora & N. Zamora Villalobos (eds.) Manual de Plantas de ... 1876) 475.. "Plant Name Details for 'Poaceae Jouvea E.Fourn". IPNI. Retrieved May 2, 2011. Paul M. Peterson; Robert D. Webster ... Poaceae genera, Dioecious plants, All stub articles, Chloridoideae stubs). ... Jesus Valdes-Reyna (1997). "Genera of New World Eragrostideae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to ...
The genus Bouteloua (Poaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 66:394. Herrera A., Y. et al. 2004. Revisión de Bouteloua Lag. (Poaceae ...
"Poaceae." Flora of the Northeast: A Manual of the Vascular Flora of New England and Adjacent New York. Amherst: University of ... "Poaceae Grass Family." Flora of the Great Plains. Lawrence, Kan.: University of Kansas, 1986. 1191-194. Print. Britton, ...
Poaceae. 93(3): 598-821. In B. E. Hammel, M. H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora Villalobos (eds.) Manual de Plantas de Costa ... A checklist of the basal grasses and bamboos in Brazil (Poaceae). Journal of the American Bamboo Society 18(1): 7-18. INBAR ( ... Poaceae): I. Subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pharoideae, Contributions from the United States ...
Poaceae. 93(3): 598-821. In B. E. Hammel, M. H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora Villalobos (eds.) Manual de Plantas de Costa ... Fisher, A. E., Clark, L. G., & Kelchner, S. A. (2014). Molecular Phylogeny Estimation of the Bamboo Genus Chusquea (Poaceae: ... Bolivia List of Poaceae genera Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Tropicos search for Platonia Pardo B., Oriana; ... Poaceae: Bambusoideae) and a revised infrageneric classification for Chusquea. Systematic Botany, 34(4), 673-683. Clark, L. G ...
Poaceae. 690-756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit ...
Poaceae. 690-756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit ... List of Poaceae genera Tropicos, search for Avena Thellung, Albert. 1911. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft ... Generic realignments in the grass tribe Aveneae (Poaceae). Schlechtendalia 19: 27-38 Bailey, L.H. & E.Z. Bailey. 1976. Hortus ... Poaceae genera, Grasses of Africa, Grasses of Asia, Grasses of Europe, Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus). ...
Poaceae (Gramineae). Fl. Ethiopia 7: i-xx, 1-420 The Plant List search for Tetrapogon Grassbase - The World Online Grass Flora ... Poaceae genera, All stub articles, Chloridoideae stubs). ...
Poaceae. Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas: una Sinopsis Florística 10: 7-236 [and index]. Nassella leucotricha. United States ... Distribution and diagnostic characters of Nassella (Poaceae: Stipeae). Taxon 50(2): 439-468 Espejo Serna, A., A. R. López- ...
Poaceae. Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas: una Sinopsis Florística 10: 7-236 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arthropogon. v t ... The establishment of the new genus Altoparadisium and a reevaluation of Arthropogon (Poaceae, Paniceae). Annals of the Missouri ... Poaceae genera, Bunchgrasses of North America, Bunchgrasses of South America, Flora of the Caribbean, Grasses of Brazil, All ... Altoparadisium scabrum List of Poaceae genera Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried Daniel 1829 Flora Brasiliensis seu ...
Poaceae. 690-756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit ... Monotypic Poaceae genera, All stub articles, Pooideae stubs). ...
Poaceae. Monocotiledóneas Mexicanas: una Sinopsis Florística 10: 7-236 [and index]. Ruiz-Sanchez, E., 2015. Parametric and non- ... A taxonomic revision of Otatea (Poaceae, Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) including four new species. Systematic Botany 36(2): 314-336 ...
parviglumis (Poaceae)". Sexual Plant Reproduction. 24 (3): 219-229. doi:10.1007/s00497-011-0164-1. PMID 21380710. S2CID 8045294 ... Poaceae genera, Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus, Andropogoneae). ...
Poaceae. 690-756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit ... Poa (πόα) is Greek for "fodder". Poa are members of the subfamily Pooideae of the family Poaceae. Bluegrass, which has green ... Revision of Poa L. (Poaceae, Pooideae, Poeae, Poinae) in Mexico: new records, re-evaluation of P. ruprechtii, and two new ... Revisión de las especies de Poa (Poaceae) del noroeste argentino. Kurtziana 28(1): 95-136 Dvorchak, Robert (June 13, 2007). " ...
Poaceae (Gramineae). Flora of Ethiopia 7: i-xx, 1-420 Altervista Flora Italiana, Logliarello tubercoloso, Castellia tuberculosa ... List of Poaceae genera Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Tropicos, Castellia Tineo Tineo, Vincenzo. 1846. ... Monotypic Poaceae genera, Flora of Asia, Flora of Africa, All stub articles, Pooideae stubs). ...
Poaceae. 1: 1-292. In M. G. L. Wanderly, G. J. Shepherd & A. M. Giulietti (eds.) Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo. ... Brazil, Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina List of Poaceae genera Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried Daniel ... Poaceae genera, Grasses of South America, Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, All stub articles, ...
Monocots: Poaceae. Springer. p. 93. ISBN 978-3-319-15332-2. Glover, Beverley (2014). Understanding Flowers and Flowering Second ...
Poaceae. 690-756. In A. Güner, S. Aslan, T. Ekim, M. Vural & M. T. Babaç (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi. Nezahat Gökyiğit ... Taxonomic studies in some annual genera of the Triticeae (Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 13: 481-493. v t e (Articles with short ... Monotypic Poaceae genera, Flora of temperate Asia, All stub articles, Pooideae stubs). ...
Poaceae (Gramineae). Flora of Ethiopia 7: i-xx, 1-420 Clayton, W.D. & S.A. Renvoize. 1982. Gramineae (Part 3). 451-898. In W. B ... List of Poaceae genera Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Pilger, Robert Knud Friedrich. 1902. Botanische ... Monotypic Poaceae genera, Flora of Africa, Taxa named by Robert Knud Friedrich Pilger, All stub articles, Panicoideae stubs). ...
Poaceae at the online Flora of Taiwan Poaceae at the online Flora of Pakistan Poaceae at the online Flora of Zimbabwe Poaceae ... ISBN 0-684-80164-7. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Poaceae. Wikispecies has information related to Poaceae. Wikimedia ... Poaceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Poaceae Classification from the online Catalogue of New World Grasses Poaceae ... Vegetative Key to Grasses Poaceae at The Plant List Learning about Grasses at The Story of the Poaceae "Grasses" . Encyclopædia ...
... Dataset GBIF Backbone Taxonomy Rank FAMILY Published in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22(1): 7. 1895 [15 Jan 1895] ... Poaceae Name. Synonyms. Aegilopaceae. Agrostidaceae. Alopecuraceae. Andropogonaceae. Anomochloaceae. Anthoxanthaceae. ... Poaceae. Common names. Grass in English. Grass in English. Græsfamilien in Danish. Süßgräser in German. graminées in French. ...
Poaceae-Cynodonteae Click on the thumbnails to view the plant pages. Bouteloua. curtipendula. Bouteloua. gracilis. Bouteloua. ...
Carmen Acedo and Felix Llamas "Two new brome-grasses (Bromus, Poaceae) from the Iberian Peninsula," Willdenowia 27(1/2), 47-55 ... C. Acedo 1995: Revisión taxonómica del género Bromus L. (Poaceae) en la Península Ibérica. - Memoria de Doctorado, Universidad ... R. P. Ellis 1976: A procedure for standardizing comparative leaf anatomy in the Poaceae I. The leaf-blade as viewed in ... H. Scholz 1987: Delimitation and classification of Bromus fasciculatus (Poaceae). - Pl. Syst. Evol. 155: 277-282. Google ...
Gramineae (Poaceae) in Flora of Taiwan*Interactive Keys by Xiangying Wen*Ornamental Plants From Russia And Adjacent States Of ...
POACEAE Tribe ANDROPOGONEAE Annual or perennial herbs. Leaf-blades usually flat and linear; ligule scarious or membranous, a ...
Species within checklist: Flora of Federal Protected Areas, Desert West ...
Annuals or perennials, culms erect or creeping at base; ligule a short fringe of hairs. Leaf blade linear with broad base and acute apex, flat or rolled. Inflorescence racemose-paniculate, composed of racemes, arranged on all sides of main axis; lower racemes often pedunculate; rachis of racemes keeled on abaxial side. Spikelets pedicelate, alternately arranged along keel, upper part of raceme solitary, middle part often paired, alternately arranged along keel, lower part of larger racemes often in short biseriate racemes, pedicels of a pair unequal, fused at base; spikelets articulate with widened apex of pedicel, oblong, dorsally compressed, 2-flowered, base of spikelet swollen, konb-like or cupuliform, usually reddish, bearing lower glume; lower glume small and veinless or absent; upper glume as long as spikelet, acute or mucronate or shortly awned, 5-veined; lower lemma as long as upper glume or slightly shorter, acute or mucronate, 5-venied; lower palea present or absent; stamens 3 or ...
... * Yang-Yi Li , Ying-Xia Lei , ... Zlaki SSSR (Poaceae URSS.). Nauka, Leningrad.Search in Google Scholar. Wang R R-C. & Jensen K B. 1994. Absence of the J genome ... Li Y, Lei Y, Chai G, Gao G, Deng J, Zhang Y, Tong S, Ding C, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Yang R. Phylogenetic analysis of Leymus (Poaceae ... Phylogenetic analysis of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. Bioch. Genet. 46: 605-619. ...
Paspalum longiflorum Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 15. 1786.. Perennials; culm stoloniferous, rooting at nodes, branching, internodes 1-2 cm long; flowering culm slender, ascending, 10-40 cm tall. Blade mostly 1-4 cm long, 3-5 mm wide, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; sheath pubescent, shorter than internode; ligule membranaceous, 1-1.5 mm long, more or less truncate, erose. Inflorescence in digitate racemes, racemes 2-4, 3-8 cm long, usually curving outward; rachis flat, broadly wing-margined. 0.5-0.8 mm wide; pedicel terete. Spikelet 1.2-1.5 mm long, ellipical, pale, minutely pubescent near margins; lower glume absent; upper glume and lower lemma about equal, elliptic-ovate, acute, 5-veined; lower lemma 5-7-veined, marginal veins often faint, with lines of hairs along margins and interveins spaces except inner-most 3; anther ca. 0.7 mm long.. TAIPEI: Fulung, Hsu 887; Kankou, Hsu 635. TAOYUAN: Yangmei, Hsu 707. MIAOLI: Chunan, Hsu 477. TAICHUNG: Hsinchuang, Hsu 605. NANTOU: Chungliao, Yamamoto & Suzuki ...
HEAR home > species info > plants > Panicum niihauense (Poaceae) (hints) Species description or overview Taxonomy & ...
INGREDIENTS IN THE POACEAE FAMILY View By: Dosha. Herbal Action. Biocharacteristics (energetics). Taste. System. Meal. Season. ... HERBS & SUPPLEMENTS IN THE POACEAE FAMILY View By: Dosha. Herbal Action. Biocharacteristics (energetics). Taste. System. ...
Genetic variability and population structure of the potential bioenergy crop Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) in Southwest China ...
The genus Anthoxanthum (vernal grasses, Poaceae) represents a taxonomically intricate polyploid complex with large phenotypic ...
List of all species in POACEAE plant family ... Species of Poaceae Family. Home « All available plants in ... Allergy information on plants in POACEAE family. ... POACEAE family Allergenicity Legend: Mild Allergen , Moderate ...
Duvall, M.R.; Doebley, J.F. 1990: Restriction site variation in the chloroplast genome of Sorghum (Poaceae) Systematic Botany ... Soreng, R.J. 1989: Cladistic analysis of chloroplast dna restriction site variation within poa poaceae American Journal of ... Soreng, R.J.; Davis, J.I.; Doyle, J.J. 1990: A phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast dna restriction site variation in poaceae ... Davis, J.I.; Soreng, R.J. 1993: Phylogenetic structure in the grass family (Poaceae) as inferred from chloroplast DNA ...
This study focused on phenological timing and spatial patterns in 30 Poaceae species flowering in spring in different types of ... Cebrino, J., García-Castaño, J.L., Domínguez-Vilches, E. et al. Spatio-temporal flowering patterns in Mediterranean Poaceae. A ... Prieto-Baena JC, Hidalgo PJ, Domínguez-Vilches E, Galán C (2003) Pollen production in the Poaceae family. Grana 42(3):153-159. ... This study focused on phenological timing and spatial patterns in 30 Poaceae species flowering in spring in different types of ...
Pre-emergence herbicidal activity against Poaceae (grass family) in tomato field assessed as number of weeds at 0.80 kg/ha ...
family: Poaceae. Identified 2004-06-01 by Steven J. Baskauf Refer to this permanent identifier for the image: http://bioimages. ...
Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Licence.. ...
Home / Poaceae 803. Diese Webseite verwendet Cookies, um die Bedienfreundlichkeit zu erhöhen. Weitere Informationenen finden ... Alopecurus Blatt Bluete flower Frucht fruit Grass family leaf Poaceae Same seed Suessgraeser ...
... Sample information. Sample ID. 11-101-1. Species. persica. Genus. Eremopoa. Family. POACEAE. Search. ...
Familia: Poaceae Subfamilia: Pooideae Tribus: Poeae Subtribus: Airinae. Genus: Avenella. Species: A. flexuosa - A. foliosa. ... A Revision of Deschampsia, Avenella, and Vahlodea (Poaceae, Poeae, Airinae) in South America. Annals of the Missouri Botanical ... Retrieved from "https://species.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avenella_(Poaceae)&oldid=9089174" ...
... Sample information. Sample ID. 11-99-1. Species. repens. Genus. Lepturus. Family. POACEAE. Search. ...
Distribution Policy According to the Decree no.458/2003 to the Act no.148/2003 on plant genetic resources in the Czech Republic users are allowed to order maximum of 30 generatively and 10 vegetatively propagated samples per year (our business year is from November until October). Shipments are processed in the order of acceptance. The average handling time is 10 working days. Plant germplasm is distributed to scientists, educators, producers and other bona fide research and education entities. Distribution of germplasm from National Plant Germplasm collections (NPG) to fulfil requests from individuals seeking free germplasm strictly for home use is generally considered as inappropriate use of limited resources and conflicts with Government policy of not competing with commercial enterprises. Requestors can be asked, in an appropriate manner, to justify the use of specific NPG instead of suitable commercially available germplasm Accessions listed in the Germplasm Resources Information Network ...
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All grasses or pastures are edible, even those found on the lawn of the courtyards of houses. You can get the most nutrients if you grind it first before eating it, or even make a juice with it! It is best to eat steps that have not been pruned or damaged by machines or animals. Never eat more than two handfuls of grass or grass at once because it can cause stomach pain ...
Poaceae Statistics. GNPAnnot Saccharum hybrid cultivar Statistics. Unique Name. Clone Name. Alias. Accession Number. Length (bp ...
  • With around 780 genera and around 12,000 species, the Poaceae is the fifth-largest plant family, following the Asteraceae, Orchidaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genomicand genetic relationships among species of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from 18S-26S ribosomal genes. (degruyter.com)
  • This study focused on phenological timing and spatial patterns in 30 Poaceae species flowering in spring in different types of plant cover (scrub, riverbank and pasture). (springer.com)
  • Aboulaich N, Bouziane H, Kadiri M, del Mar-Trigo M, Riadi H, Kazzaz M et al (2009) Pollen production in anemophilous species of the Poaceae family in Tetouan (NW Morocco). (springer.com)
  • Cebrino J, Galán C, Domínguez-Vilches E (2016) Aerobiological and phenological study of the main Poaceae species in Cordoba City (Spain) and the surrounding hills. (springer.com)
  • Five Poaceae species, Sorghum bicolor , Zea mays , Setaria italica , Panicum virgatum and Brachypodium distachyon , are included in the current release of PIGD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Fine fescues (Festuca L., Poaceae) are turfgrass species that perform well in low-input environments. (umn.edu)
  • Poaceae (/poʊˈeɪsiaɪ, -siːiː/) or Gramineae (/ɡrəˈmɪniaɪ/) is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus Anthoxanthum (vernal grasses, Poaceae) represents a taxonomically intricate polyploid complex with large phenotypic variation and poorly resolved evolutionary relationships. (muni.cz)
  • The rushes and sedges are related to the Poaceae, being members of the order Poales, but the seagrasses are members of order Alismatales. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flora van België, het Groothertogdom Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en de aangrenzende gebieden (pteridofyten en spermatofyten). (gbif.org)
  • This database, with a user-friendly web interface, provides access to a collection of intronless genes from five genome sequenced Poaceae, including Sorghum bicolor , Zea mays , Setaria italica , Panicum virgatum and Brachypodium distachyon . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phylogeny and taxonomic synopsis of PoasubgenusPseudopoa (including Eremopoa and Lindbergella ) (Poaceae, Poeae, Poinae). (bvsalud.org)
  • Step by step video & image solution for Inflorescence of family Poaceae is by Biology experts to help you in doubts & scoring excellent marks in Class 12 exams. (doubtnut.com)
  • The Poaceae are the most economically important plant family, providing staple foods from domesticated cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet as well as feed for meat-producing animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • C. Acedo 1995: Revisión taxonómica del género Bromus L. (Poaceae) en la Península Ibérica. (bioone.org)
  • In this study, we present the Poaceae Intronless Genes Database (PIGD), a user-friendly web interface to explore information on intronless genes from different plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PIGD provides a solid platform for the collection, integration and analysis of intronless genes in the Poaceae. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phylogenetic relationships between Hystrix and its closely related genera (Poaceae: Triticeae) based on nuclear Acc1, DMC1 and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • Poaceae) based on a single-copy nuclear gene encoding plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase. (degruyter.com)
  • Spatio-temporal flowering patterns in Mediterranean Poaceae. (springer.com)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • Caryopsis micromorphological survey of the genus Themeda (Poaceae) and" by YU ZHANG, XIAOYING HU et al. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • The front yard corn hills are in their second year of production this season, bearing corn/maize ( Zea mays of the family Poaceae), squash (Cucurbitaceae), and beans (Fabaceae or Leguminosae), a trio known as the three sisters . (brainripples.com)
  • Phylogenetic relationships in Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) revealed by nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • Phylogenetic analysis of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • A brief review of the literature on other insects visiting typically wind-pollinated flowers of Poaceae and Cyperaceae is provided. (castaneajournal.com)
  • 11 Flowers of Poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets. (wikipedia.org)