Podophyllum
Podophyllum peltatum
Rhizome
Podophyllin
Picrorhiza
Secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase purification, cloning, and functional expression. Implications for human health protection. (1/17)
Matairesinol is a central precursor in planta in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans, including that of the important antiviral and anticancer agent, podophyllotoxin. In this study, the approximately 32-kDa NAD-dependent secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the enantiospecific conversion of (-)-secoisolariciresinol into (-)-matairesinol in Forsythia intermedia, was purified >6,000-fold to apparent homogeneity. The 831-base pair cDNA clone encoding this 277-amino acid protein was next obtained from a library constructed from F. intermedia stem tissue, whose fully functional recombinant protein, produced by expression of this cDNA in Escherichia coli, catalyzed the same enantiospecific conversion via the corresponding lactol intermediate. A homologous secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase gene was also isolated from a Podophyllum peltatum rhizome cDNA library, whose 834-base pair cDNA clone encoded a 278-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of approximately 32 kDa. Expression of this protein in E. coli produced a fully functional recombinant protein that also catalyzed the enantiospecific conversion of (-)-secoisolariciresinol into (-)-matairesinol via the intermediary lactol. Various kinetic parameters were defined and established conversion of the intermediary lactol as being rate-limiting. With this overall enzymatic conversion now unambiguously defined, the entire biochemical pathway to the lignans, secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol, has been elucidated. Last, both secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol are metabolized in the gut of mammals, following digestion of high fiber dietary grains, seeds, and berries, into the so-called "mammalian" lignans, enterodiol and enterolactone, respectively; these in turn confer significant protection against the onset of breast and prostate cancers. (+info)Three new glycosides from Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying. (2/17)
Tow new aryltetralin-type lignan glycosides: methyl epipodophyllate 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and a new phenyl ethanol glycoside: phenyl ethanol 4-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), along with three known compounds: junipetriolosides (4), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl ethanol (5), and 4-hydroxy-phenyl ethanol (6) were isolated and identified from the n-butanol extract of the roots and rhizomes of Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.) Ying. The structures of the above were established by means of spectral data and chemical methods. (+info)New lignan glycosides from Chinese medicinal plant, Sinopodophillum emodi. (3/17)
Two new podophillotoxin glucosides, L-picropodophillotpxin 7'-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (2) and L-picropodophillotpxin 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from Chinese medicinal plant, Sinopodophillum emodi, together with 4 known compounds, podophillotoxin (1), podorhizol 4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), deoxypodophillotoxin (5), and dehydropodophillotoxin (6). The structures of 2 and 3 were finally determined by the extensive decouping and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments in NMR spectra and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. Compound 2 is the second example of podophillotoxin diglucoside, and both the first one and 2 were isolated from S. emodi. X-ray crystal structure analysis of 1, 5, and 6 was carried out. Compounds 1 and 5 showed the different conformations from those reported. (+info)No effect of a homeopathic preparation on neonatal calf diarrhoea in a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (4/17)
A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of a homeopathic treatment of neonatal calf diarrhoea was performed using 44 calves in 12 dairy herds. Calves with spontaneously derived diarrhoea were treated with either the homeopathic remedy Podophyllum (D30) (n = 24) or a placebo (n = 20). No clinically or statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was demonstrated. Calves treated with Podophyllum had an average of 3.1 days of diarrhoea compared with 2.9 days for the placebo group. Depression, inappetence and fever were presented equally in the 2 groups. These results support the widely held opinion that scientific proof for the efficacy of veterinary homeopathy is lacking. In the European Union this implies a considerable risk for animal welfare, since in some countries priority is given to homeopathic treatments in organic farming. (+info)The effect of podophyllotoxin, colchicine, urethane, and nitrogen mustard on the respiration of normal and suprarenalectomized rat lymphatic tissue. (5/17)
The injection of podophyllotoxin, colchicine, and a nitrogen mustard derivative, methyl-bis(beta-chloroethyl)amine, into normal animals causes a reduction of the respiration of the lymphatic tissues, spleen, and/or thymus. No effect was demonstrable on kidney, a representative tissue of non-lymphatic origin. The degree of inhibition was considerably less in suprarenalectomized animals, suggesting that the inhibition is mediated by the suprarenal gland. (+info)Crystal structures of apo-form and binary/ternary complexes of Podophyllum secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in formation of health-protecting and plant defense lignans. (6/17)
(-)-Matairesinol is a central biosynthetic intermediate to numerous 8-8'-lignans, including the antiviral agent podophyllotoxin in Podophyllum species and its semi-synthetic anticancer derivatives teniposide, etoposide, and Etopophos. It is formed by action of an enantiospecific secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase, an NAD(H)-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of (-)-secoisolariciresinol. Matairesinol is also a plant-derived precursor of the cancer-preventative "mammalian" lignan or "phytoestrogen" enterolactone, formed in the gut following ingestion of high fiber dietary foodstuffs, for example. Additionally, secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase is involved in pathways to important plant defense molecules, such as plicatic acid in the western red cedar (Thuja plicata) heartwood. To understand the molecular and enantiospecific basis of Podophyllum secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase, crystal structures of the apo-form and binary/ternary complexes were determined at 1.6, 2.8, and 2.0 angstrom resolution, respectively. The enzyme is a homotetramer, consisting of an alpha/beta single domain monomer containing seven parallel beta-strands flanked by eight alpha-helices on both sides. Its overall monomeric structure is similar to that of NAD(H)-dependent short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases, with a conserved Asp47 forming a hydrogen bond with both hydroxyl groups of the adenine ribose of NAD(H), and thus specificity toward NAD(H) instead of NADP(H). The highly conserved catalytic triad (Ser153, Tyr167, and Lys171) is adjacent to both NAD(+) and substrate molecules, where Tyr167 functions as a general base. Following analysis of high resolution structures of the apo-form and two complex forms, the molecular basis for both the enantio-specificity and the reaction mechanism of secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase is discussed and compared with that of pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase. (+info)Anti-inflammatory effects of Podophyllum hexandrum (RP-1) against lipopolysaccharides induced inflammation in mice. (7/17)
PURPOSE: Down-regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced hyper-inflammatory response by non-toxic pharmacological agents acquires paramount importance for countering bacterial sepsis. Anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum, a plant well documented in Ayurvedic literature for various therapeutic purposes, was investigated. METHODS: In vivo studies were performed on Balb/c mice pre-treated with supra-lethal dose of LPS endotoxin (E.coli 055:B5) with or without treatment with P. hexandrum extract (RP-1). Mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures were used to understand ex vivo effects of RP-1 on LPS generated nitric oxide (NO), secretion of IFN-gamma, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Griess assay and sandwich ELISA method were used to quantify inducible NO and cytokines respectively. RESULTS: Minimal dose of LPS that rendered 100% mortality to mice was found to be 450 microg/kg b.w. Administration of RP-1 (200 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) one hour before lethal LPS treatment (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) rendered maximum (78%) survival. Ex vivo study revealed that RP-1 (50 microg/ml) treatment to peritoneal macrophages inhibited LPS (5 microg/ml) induced nitrite generation to 37%, IFN-gamma secretion to 5%, IL-6 secretion to 50% and TNF-alpha secretion to 50 % of LPS treated control values. CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous extract of P. hexandrum. (+info)Characterization of two epimers, 4alpha and 4beta, of a novel podophyllotoxin-4-O-(D)-6-acetylglucopyranoside from Podophyllum hexandrum by LC-ESI-MS-MS. (8/17)
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection interfaced to electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is applied to identify the two epimers of a novel and minor constituent, podophyllotoxin-4-O-(D)-6-acetylglucopyraniside from high-altitude Podophyllum hexandrum for the first time. This is done by matching the structural information from the tandem MS data with the reported lignan markers. The results show that LC-MS-MS is the method of choice for fast detection and detailed chemical analysis of mixtures in the crude extracts of Podophyllum. The method can be employed in the absence of reference standards for the markers and is particularly useful in view of the scarcity of these rare chemical standards. (+info)Podophyllum is a botanical name that refers to a genus of plants in the family Berberidaceae. It's commonly known as Mayapple or American mandrake. The dried rhizome (underground stem) of Podophyllum peltatum, also known as Podophyllin, contains podophyllotoxin and other aryltetralin lignans, which have been used in medical preparations for their antineoplastic (anti-cancer) properties.
In modern medicine, podophyllotoxin is obtained through semi-synthesis and is used as a topical treatment for genital warts. It works by inhibiting the formation of microtubules, which are necessary for cell division, leading to the death of the infected cells.
Please note that Podophyllum products should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional due to their potential toxicity.
Podophyllum peltatum, also known as Mayapple or American mandrake, is a plant native to North America. It contains podophyllotoxin, a compound with medicinal properties. In traditional medicine, it has been used topically for the treatment of genital warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). However, its use is limited due to its toxicity and potential adverse effects if ingested or improperly applied. It's important to note that Podophyllum peltatum should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
A rhizome is not typically used as a medical term, but it is a term borrowed from botany that has been adopted in some areas of medicine, particularly in psychiatry and psychotherapy.
In its original botanical sense, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a plant that grows underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes. This growth pattern is contrasted with that of a root system, which grows downward, and a stem system, which grows upward.
In psychiatry and psychotherapy, the term "rhizome" has been used as a metaphor to describe a non-hierarchical and decentralized approach to understanding mental processes and subjectivity. The rhizome model emphasizes the complexity, multiplicity, and interconnectedness of these processes, and rejects simplistic or reductionist explanations that focus on a single cause or origin. Instead, it encourages a more holistic and dynamic view of mental life, one that is open to multiple perspectives and interpretations.
It's important to note that the use of the term "rhizome" in this context is metaphorical and not medical in the strict sense. It is a way of thinking about mental processes and subjectivity that has been influenced by poststructuralist and feminist theories, among others.
Podophyllin is not typically used in modern medicine due to its potential toxicity and the availability of safer and more effective alternatives. However, historically it was used as a topical medication for the treatment of certain skin conditions such as genital warts. It's derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum peltatum (May apple or American mandrake) and Podophyllum emodi (Himalayan mayapple).
The medical definition of Podophyllin, according to the 30th edition of Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, is: "A brownish-yellow, resinous extract from the rhizomes and roots of Podophyllum peltatum L. (Berberidaceae) or P. emodi Wall., containing podophyllotoxin and other aryltetralin lignans. It has been used topically as a caustic for treatment of condylomata acuminata, but its use is limited because of potential systemic toxicity."
It's crucial to note that Podophyllin should only be applied by healthcare professionals due to the risk of adverse effects and toxicity. The more common formulation now used is podophyllotoxin, which comes in a purified form and has a lower risk of systemic toxicity compared to Podophyllin.
Picrorhiza is a genus of plants belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. In a medical context, Picrorhiza kurroa is the species most commonly referred to as Picrorhiza. It is a traditional Ayurvedic medicinal plant native to the Himalayan region. The roots and rhizomes of this plant are used in various Ayurvedic formulations for their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. They have been traditionally used to treat liver disorders, asthma, chronic indigestion, and skin diseases. However, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies for medicinal purposes.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
Podophyllum
Podophyllum peltatum
Podophyllum delavayi
Podophyllum pleianthum
Podophyllum resin
Anthurium podophyllum
Syngonium podophyllum
Plant sources of anti-cancer agents
Podophyllotoxin
Sinopodophyllum
List of Anthurium species
List of leaf vegetables
Drug discovery
Lois Clark
Ranzania japonica
Dysosma versipellis
Thalamiflorae
Alexander Dickson (botanist)
Northeastern coastal forests
Northeastern interior dry-mesic oak forest
Jeffersonia
Syngonium
Berberidaceae
Native American ethnobotany
William T. Stearn
Berry (botany)
Puran Singh
Secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase
Etoposide
Epimedium
Podophyllum - Wikipedia
Podophyllum - FineGardening
Podophyllum versipelle | Chinese Mayapple
Mayapple - Podophyllum peltatum | Prairie Nursery
Podophyllum peltatum 30c | Boiron USA
Syngonium podophyllum
Brief Note Herbivory on May Apple Podophyllum Peltatum (Berberidaceae)
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PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM 15C MD - ehealthland.com
Podophyllum - Wikipedia
Podophyllum difforme | Edulis
PODOPHYLLUM peltatum - Mayapple
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Podophylli Indici Rhizoma, I.C.A., Indian Podophyllum Rhizome. | Henriette's Herbal Homepage
Podophyllum 6c - LewisNaturalStore.com
Syngonium podophyllum 'Panda' - Steve's Leaves
Podophyllin hexandrum Emodi Podophyllum Resin
Peltatum6
- Some sources transferred all but Podophyllum peltatum to other genera, such as Dysosma and Sinopodophyllum. (wikipedia.org)
- Podophyllum peltatum L. Podophyllum pleianthum Hance Podophyllum sinense (H.L.Li) Christenh. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike our native Podophyllum peltatum, Podophyllum versipelle ssp. (plantdelights.com)
- PODOPHYLLUM peltatum - Umbrella like leaves emerge in spring from rhizomes forming dense mats in damp shade. (klynnurseries.com)
- A herbaceous member of the berberis family, from the north east of the United States, Podophyllum peltatum emerges in spring with its leaves folded downwards around a pale, fleshy stem. (ox.ac.uk)
- 2000. The American mayapple revisited - Podophyllum peltatum - still a potential cash crop? (ox.ac.uk)
Mayapple2
- a mayapple that we predict will soon be elevated to species status as Podophyllum boreale. (plantdelights.com)
- Starfish Strain Chinese Mayapple These are the first offerings of the beautiful Podophyllum difforme here at the nursery, or at least the Starfish Strain. (soulesgarden.com)
Difforme1
- Podophyllum difforme Hemsl. (wikipedia.org)
Plants3
- As of October 2022[update], Plants of the World Online regarded these genera as synonyms of Podophyllum. (wikipedia.org)
- As of October 2022[update], Plants of the World Online accepted the following species: Podophyllum aurantiocaule Hand. (wikipedia.org)
- Syngonium podophyllum or shaded syngonium are hybrid plants from Mexican rain forests. (budsnblush.com)
Berberidaceae2
- Podophyllum is a genus of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native from Afghanistan to China, and from southeast Canada to the central and eastern United States. (wikipedia.org)
- [1] Ang Podophyllum sakop sa kabanay nga Berberidaceae . (wikipedia.org)
Syngonium Podophyllum Albo3
- De Syngonium Podophyllum Albo Variegata is een zeldzame Syngonium met prachtige witte bladeren. (stekjesenzo.nl)
- Syngonium Variegata in short, aka the Syngonium Podophyllum Albo Variegata, also called a variegated Arrowhead plant is an absolute jewel for every home. (leafnjoy.com)
- You are buying a healthy Syngonium Podophyllum Albo Variegata wet stick, cutting or a rooted plant. (leafnjoy.com)
Emodi5
- Indian podophyllum rhizome is obtained from Podophyllum Emodi , Wallich (N.O. Berberideae), a plant indigenous to Northern India. (henriettes-herb.com)
- Podophyllum emodi Wall. (botanicalillustrations.org)
- 817317 Podophyllum emodi Wall. (botanicalillustrations.org)
- Podophyllin Hexandrum or Emodi or Podophyllum Hexandrum is an API for genital warts, purgative. (himpharm.com)
- Podophyllin Hexandrum also called Podophyllin Emodi or Podophyllum resin BP which is a drastic but slow acting purgative, in large doses causing acute inflammation of the stomach and intestines with violent peristaltic contractions. (himpharm.com)
Hexandrum1
- Byng Podophyllum guangxiense (Y.S.Wang) J.M.H.Shaw Podophyllum hemsleyi J.M.H.Shaw & Stearn Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Podophyllum majoense Gagnep. (wikipedia.org)
Versipelle1
- syn: Dysosma versipellis) Podophyllum versipelle ssp. (plantdelights.com)
Ying1
- Byng Podophyllum trilobulum J.M.H.Shaw Podophyllum tsayuense (T.S.Ying) Christenh. (wikipedia.org)
Native1
- Native Americans used Podophyllum for a wide variety of medicinal purposes and as an insecticide (D. E. Moerman 1986). (wildflower.org)
Title2
- id":7153604690072,"title":"Syngonium podophyllum 'Batik'","handle":"syngonium-batik","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSyngonium podophyllum 'Batik'\u003c\/strong\u003e gets its name from an Indonesian method of dying cloth with wax. (stevesleaves.com)
- id":7757941276824,"title":"Syngonium podophyllum 'Panda'","handle":"syngonium-podophyllum-panda","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSyngonium podophyllum 'Panda'\u003c\/strong\u003e is an attractive arrowhead vine with leaves mottled with minty-green variegation. (stevesleaves.com)
Leaves4
- The exotic leaves of Podophyllum make it an excellent choice as a specimen plant or for a mass planting. (plantdelights.com)
- The generic name Podophyllum is a shortened version of Anapodophyllum , meaning 'leaves shaped like the foot of a duck', the individual segments having a vague resemblance to the shape of a webbed foot. (ox.ac.uk)
- Anthurium 'Podophyllum' is a beautiful and unique houseplant that is popular for its uniquely shaped leaves. (bwhplantco.com)
- Syngonium podophyllum 'Panda' is an attractive arrowhead vine with leaves mottled with minty-green variegation. (stevesleaves.com)
Active1
- It contains the active principles of podophyllum with some inert material. (himpharm.com)
Syngonium Podophyllum7
- syngonium podophyllum albo Youngplants is a comprehensive manufacturer and supplier of high-quality products and one-stop service. (youngplant.cn)
- For more details about our syngonium podophyllum albo and other products, just let us know.The unique design of Youngplants comes from our dedicated design team. (youngplant.cn)
- Syngonium podophyllum aurea variegata has beautiful dark green arrow shaped foliage with varied amounts of marbling and sectoral variegation of creamy to bright lemon yellow and lime green giving each leaf a unique pattern. (gabriellaplants.com)
- Syngonium podophyllum 'Pink Splash' has stunning pink variegated leaves! (tropicsathome.com)
- Easy growing Syngonium podophyllum . (tropicsathome.com)
- 2022. Изображение Syngonium podophyllum Schott // Плантариум. (plantarium.ru)
- 2022. Image of Syngonium podophyllum Schott // Plantarium. (plantarium.ru)
EMODI2
- Podophyllum emodi Wall. (botanicalillustrations.org)
- 817317 Podophyllum emodi Wall. (botanicalillustrations.org)
Delavayi2
- Byng Podophyllum delavayi Franch. (wikipedia.org)
- We are pleased to once again offer this dazzling hybrid mayapple, a vigorous hybrid of the Chinese Podophyllum delavayi. (plantdelights.com)
Pleianthum3
- aka: Dysosma pleiantha) Stunning is the only word to describe a mature specimen of the giant Chinese mayapple, Podophyllum pleianthum. (plantdelights.com)
- This deer-resistant, tropical-looking Podophyllum pleianthum also doesn't go dormant until fall, unlike our native species. (plantdelights.com)
- Podophyllum pleianthum prefers moist organic soils and good shade for best performance. (plantdelights.com)
Flowering plant1
- Podophyllum is a genus of flowering plant in the family Berberidaceae, native from Afghanistan to China, and from southeast Canada to the central and eastern United States. (wikipedia.org)
Spotty Dotty2
- Podophyllum 'Spotty Dotty' has been the holy grail of many shade gardeners, but supply has always outstripped demand. (plantdelights.com)
- Each 1.5' tall, fuzzy, red stalk of Podophyllum 'Spotty Dotty' is topped with two 18" wide tropical-looking leaves, heavily mottled with measles-like splotches that emerge purple and age to dark green. (plantdelights.com)
Podophyllotoxin2
Search1
- Your search for PODOPHYLLUM did not return any results. (nih.gov)
Topical1
- Avadhani et al [ 99 ] reported a patient who developed acute anterior uveitis within a couple of hours after the topical administration of podophyllum, a drug used for the treatment of warts. (medscape.com)
20231
- https://www.plantarium.ru/lang/en/page/image/id/744441.html (accessed on 1 Dec 2023). (plantarium.ru)
Leaf1
- Anthurium podophyllum is a gorgeous species with an intricate leaf shape. (tezulaplants.com)
Ingredient1
- Ba Jiao Lian has been implicated in a generalized toxicity marked by gastrointestinal, bone marrow, neurological and hepatic injury, which is believed to be due to podophyllum, a major ingredient in the herb. (nih.gov)
Https1
- Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/podophyllum. (merriam-webster.com)
Months1
- The uveitis recurred when the patient again used podophyllum 2 months later. (medscape.com)