A plant family of the order Polygalales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida.

Capillary electrophoretic behaviors of pharmacologically active xanthones from Securidaca inappendiculata with beta-cyclodextrin as a buffer additive. (1/7)

The capillary electrophoretic (CE) behaviors of ten xanthones in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin (CD) are investigated, and apparent analyte-selector binding constants between beta-CD and the xanthones in the CE running buffer are calculated to elucidate the migration order. Also, the separation selectivity with beta-CD additive is compared with that of sulfated beta-CD additive. It is indicated that beta-CD can greatly change the separation selectivity of xanthones, and the electrophoretic behaviors of xanthones are rather different when using beta-CD from that when using sulfated beta-CD as an additive.  (+info)

Floral morphology and development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the species-poor relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae. (2/7)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Molecular phylogenies have suggested a new circumscription for Fabales to include Leguminosae, Quillajaceae, Surianaceae and Polygalaceae. However, recent attempts to reconstruct the interfamilial relationships of the order have resulted in several alternative hypotheses, including a sister relationship between Quillajaceae and Surianaceae, the two species-poor families of Fabales. Here, floral morphology and ontogeny of these two families are investigated to explore evidence of a potential relationship between them. Floral traits are discussed with respect to early radiation in the order. METHODS: Floral buds of representatives of Quillajaceae and Surianaceae were dissected and observed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: Quillajaceae and Surianaceae possess some common traits, such as inflorescence morphology and perianth initiation, but development and organization of their reproductive whorls differ. In Quillaja, initiation of the diplostemonous androecium is unidirectional, overlapping with the petal primordia. In contrast, Suriana is obdiplostemonous, and floral organ initiation is simultaneous. Independent initiation of five carpels is common to both Quillaja and Suriana, but subsequent development differs; the antesepalous carpels of Quillaja become fused proximally and exhibit two rows of ovules, and in Suriana the gynoecium is apocarpous, gynobasic, with antepetalous biovulate carpels. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the reproductive development and organization of Quillajaceae and Surianaceae cast doubt on their potential sister relationship. Instead, Quillaja resembles Leguminosae in some floral traits, a hypothesis not suggested by molecular-based phylogenies. Despite implicit associations of zygomorphy with species-rich clades and actinomorphy with species-poor families in Fabales, this correlation sometimes fails due to high variation in floral symmetry. Studies considering specific derived clades and reproductive biology could address more precise hypotheses of key innovation and differential diversification in the order.  (+info)

Floral morphology and development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the species-poor relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae. (3/7)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Molecular phylogenies have suggested a new circumscription for Fabales to include Leguminosae, Quillajaceae, Surianaceae and Polygalaceae. However, recent attempts to reconstruct the interfamilial relationships of the order have resulted in several alternative hypotheses, including a sister relationship between Quillajaceae and Surianaceae, the two species-poor families of Fabales. Here, floral morphology and ontogeny of these two families are investigated to explore evidence of a potential relationship between them. Floral traits are discussed with respect to early radiation in the order. METHODS: Floral buds of representatives of Quillajaceae and Surianaceae were dissected and observed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: Quillajaceae and Surianaceae possess some common traits, such as inflorescence morphology and perianth initiation, but development and organization of their reproductive whorls differ. In Quillaja, initiation of the diplostemonous androecium is unidirectional, overlapping with the petal primordia. In contrast, Suriana is obdiplostemonous, and floral organ initiation is simultaneous. Independent initiation of five carpels is common to both Quillaja and Suriana, but subsequent development differs; the antesepalous carpels of Quillaja become fused proximally and exhibit two rows of ovules, and in Suriana the gynoecium is apocarpous, gynobasic, with antepetalous biovulate carpels. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the reproductive development and organization of Quillajaceae and Surianaceae cast doubt on their potential sister relationship. Instead, Quillaja resembles Leguminosae in some floral traits, a hypothesis not suggested by molecular-based phylogenies. Despite implicit associations of zygomorphy with species-rich clades and actinomorphy with species-poor families in Fabales, this correlation sometimes fails due to high variation in floral symmetry. Studies considering specific derived clades and reproductive biology could address more precise hypotheses of key innovation and differential diversification in the order.  (+info)

Floral morphology and development in Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales), the species-poor relatives of Leguminosae and Polygalaceae. (4/7)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Molecular phylogenies have suggested a new circumscription for Fabales to include Leguminosae, Quillajaceae, Surianaceae and Polygalaceae. However, recent attempts to reconstruct the interfamilial relationships of the order have resulted in several alternative hypotheses, including a sister relationship between Quillajaceae and Surianaceae, the two species-poor families of Fabales. Here, floral morphology and ontogeny of these two families are investigated to explore evidence of a potential relationship between them. Floral traits are discussed with respect to early radiation in the order. METHODS: Floral buds of representatives of Quillajaceae and Surianaceae were dissected and observed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS: Quillajaceae and Surianaceae possess some common traits, such as inflorescence morphology and perianth initiation, but development and organization of their reproductive whorls differ. In Quillaja, initiation of the diplostemonous androecium is unidirectional, overlapping with the petal primordia. In contrast, Suriana is obdiplostemonous, and floral organ initiation is simultaneous. Independent initiation of five carpels is common to both Quillaja and Suriana, but subsequent development differs; the antesepalous carpels of Quillaja become fused proximally and exhibit two rows of ovules, and in Suriana the gynoecium is apocarpous, gynobasic, with antepetalous biovulate carpels. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the reproductive development and organization of Quillajaceae and Surianaceae cast doubt on their potential sister relationship. Instead, Quillaja resembles Leguminosae in some floral traits, a hypothesis not suggested by molecular-based phylogenies. Despite implicit associations of zygomorphy with species-rich clades and actinomorphy with species-poor families in Fabales, this correlation sometimes fails due to high variation in floral symmetry. Studies considering specific derived clades and reproductive biology could address more precise hypotheses of key innovation and differential diversification in the order.  (+info)

Effect of pollination on floral longevity and costs of delaying fertilization in the out-crossing Polygala vayredae Costa (Polygalaceae). (5/7)

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Evaluation of the sedative and anticonvulsant properties of three Cameroonian plants. (6/7)

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Antimicrobial activity of Carpolobia lutea extracts and fractions. (7/7)

Carpolobia lutea (G. Don) (Polygalaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant putative in traditional medicines against gonorrhea, gingivitis, infertility, antiulcer and malaria. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial, antifungal and antihelicobacter effects of extracts C. lutea leaf, stem and root. The extracts were examined using the disc-diffusion and Microplates of 96 wells containing Muller-Hinton methods against some bacterial strains: Eschericia coli (ATCC 25922), E. coli (ATCC10418), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphyllococus aureus (ATCC 6571), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8853) and four clinical isolates: one fungi (Candida albican) and three bacteria (Salmonella, Sheigella and staphylococcus aureus). The Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 19659) and the Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 18804) and Helicobacter pylori (ATCC 43504). Some of these extracts were found to be active against some tested strains but activity against H. pylori was >1000mg/ml and good fungistatic activity against C. albican. The MIC against C. albican is in the order n-HF > CHF > ETF= EAF.The order of potency of fraction was the ethanol root > n-HF leaf > ethanol fraction stem > chloroform fraction leaf = ethyl acetate fraction leaf. Polyphenols were demonstrated in ethanol fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, crude ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract, respectively. These polyphenols isolated may partly explain and support the use of C. lutea for the treatment of infectious diseases in traditional Ibibio medicine of Nigeria.  (+info)

Polygalaceae is not a medical term, but a taxonomic category in botany. It refers to a family of flowering plants commonly known as the milkwort family. The plants in this family are characterized by their small, typically bilateral flowers and often have a pair of large, leaf-like bracts at the base of the flower cluster. Some members of Polygalaceae have medicinal uses, such as the roots of Polygala senega, which have been used historically to induce vomiting and treat respiratory conditions. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before using any plant-based remedies for medical purposes.

"Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-04-14. "Polygalaceae". ... "Polygalaceae". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved July 16, 2020. Eriksen, Bente (1993). "Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae ... The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan ... The Polygalaceae comprise the following genera, with tribes based on various sources. Carpolobieae Eriksen Atroxima Stapf ...
Polygalaceae. Flora of New South Wales 112: 118 pp. 1961. Papilionaceae. Flora of New South Wales 101: 91 pp. (Oxalidaceae) ...
Polygalaceae". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 56 (1): 9-28. doi:10.2307/2395163. JSTOR 2395163. Davis, S.D.; Heywood ...
Polygalaceae. Pp. 455-539 in Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.), Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 10(3). Kluwer ... Polygalaceae. Pp. 498-538 in Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Thailand 7(3): 351-654. The Forest Herbarium, ... Polygalaceae. Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, Fasc. 34. 63 pp., 4 pl. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Muséum ... Xanthophyllum lanceatum is a tree in the Polygalaceae family. It grows across Southeast Asia from Sumatera to Bangladesh. The ...
... is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist ... 3: Polygalaceae. Leiden, The Netherlands: Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botanicus, Leiden University. pp. 493-539. ISBN 90-247-3736-2 ...
family POLYGALACEAE]". Global Plant Database. JSTOR. Retrieved July 9, 2020. "Muraltia heisteria (L.) DC". New South Wales ... Muraltia heisteria is a shrub in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) which is native to South Africa and is an emerging invasive ...
Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link, nom. cons. Rosales Bercht. & J.Presl Rosaceae Juss., nom. cons. Barbeyaceae Rendle, nom. cons. ...
Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link Quillajaceae D.Don Surianaceae Arn. Fagales Engl. Betulaceae Gray Casuarinaceae R.Br. Fagaceae ...
IPNI, Polygalaceae, Type. Kubitzki 2007, p. 5. POWO, Polygalaceae. Christenhusz, Fay & Chase 2017, pp. 261-262. Stearn 2002, p ...
... , synonym Balgoya pacifica, is a species of vine in the family Polygalaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia. ... Morat, P., & Van Der Meijden, R. (1991). Balgoya (Polygalaceae trib. Moutabeeae), a new genus from New Caledonia. Bulletin du ... Polygalaceae). Systematic Botany, 42(1), 54-62. (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Articles ... with 'species' microformats, Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items, Endemic flora of New Caledonia, Polygalaceae). ...
Polygalaceae family 2. Xanthophyllaceae family 3. Emblingiaceae superorder 7. Fabanae order 1. Fabales family 1. Mimosaceae ...
... is a species of plant in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae). It is endemic to rainforests and forest fringes ... "Atroxima afzeliana (Oliv.) Stapf [family Polygalaceae] on JSTOR". JSTOR Global Plants. Retrieved July 5, 2020. v t e (Articles ...
Polygalaceae] Root-bark Aqueous Extract." Inflammopharmacology 16.(4) (2008): 174-181 "Red List of South African Plants". Ndou ... Polygalaceae] Root-bark Aqueous Extract." Inflammopharmacology 16.(4) (2008): 174-181. Stevenson, Philip C., Thamara K. ...
Deighton (1948) Meliola baphiae-polygalaceae Hansf. & Deighton (1948) Meliola barleriae Srinivas. (1974) Meliola barringtoniae ...
Successionally, it is located within the Polygalaceae family, where the Polygalaceae has a presence of five genera and 86 ... Some members of the Polygalaceae family (families such as some Comesperma and Polygala) are known to emit distinctive odours ... Adema, F.A.C.B. (1966). "A review of the Herbaceous species of Polygala in Malesia (Polygalaceae)". Blumea: Biodiversity, ... Polygala linariifolia is a species of flowering plant in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae). It extends worldwide, including in ...
... is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. Its native range is Guinea, Western Central ... Articles with 'species' microformats, Polygalaceae, Fabales genera). ...
Polygalaceae: Muraltia mitior (Bergius) Levyns ex Fourc. Proteaceae: Leucadendron album (Thunb.) Fourc., Leucadendron laureolum ...
Miller, Norton G. (1971). "The Polygalaceae in the Southeastern United States". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 52 (2): 267- ...
... is a genus of shrubs, herbs and lianas in the family Polygalaceae. The genus is endemic to Australia. It was defined ... doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1968.tb00142.x. Eriksen, Bente (1993). "Floral anatomy and morphology in the Polygalaceae". Plant ...
... is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. Its native range is New Guinea. Species: Eriandra ... Articles with 'species' microformats, Polygalaceae, Fabales genera). ...
... is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. Its native range is Venezuela to Brazil and ... Articles with 'species' microformats, Polygalaceae, Fabales genera). ...
... is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. Its native range is Caribbean. Species: ... Articles with 'species' microformats, Polygalaceae, Fabales genera). ...
... is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. Its native range is Southern China to ... Articles with 'species' microformats, Polygalaceae, Fabales genera). ...
Polygalaceae, Fabales genera, All stub articles, Polygalaceae stubs). ... Gymnospora is a genus of plants in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) which is endemic to Brazil. It was first described as a ... Polygalaceae)". Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature. Missouri Botanical Garden. 22 (3): 304-306. doi:10.3417/2010113. ...
It belongs to the milkwort family of Polygalaceae. The thin, oval, mucronate leaves, 25-50 mm long and up to 13 mm wide, are ... Polygalaceae, South Africa)". South African Journal of Botany. 63 (5): 254-258. doi:10.1016/S0254-6299(15)30762-6. "Polygala ...
Polygalaceae, Fabales genera, All stub articles, Polygalaceae stubs). ... Carpolobia is a genus of plants in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae) that are native to Tropical Africa and Madagascar. It was ... Eriksen, Bente (1993). "Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 186 (1/ ...
... is a large genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Polygalaceae. They are commonly known as milkworts or ... 2013). The genus Polygala L.(Polygalaceae) in Southern Brazil. Hoehnea 40(1), 1-50. (Portuguese) Pastore, J. F. B. and T. B. ... 2008). A New Species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from Brazil. Novon 18(1), 90-93. "Polygala Tourn. ex L.", Plants of the World ... Abbott, J. Richard (2011). "Notes on the disintegration of Polygala (Polygalaceae), with four new genera for the Flora of North ...
Polygalaceae, All stub articles, Polygalaceae stubs, Flora of Baja California Sur, Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges, ... Pastore, J. F. B.; Abbott, J. R. (2012). "Taxonomic notes and new combinations for Asemeia (Polygalaceae)". Kew Bulletin. 67 (4 ...
Polygalaceae, Fabales genera, All stub articles, Polygalaceae stubs). ... Atroxima is a plant genus in the milkwort family (Polygalaceae). It is endemic to Western Tropical Africa. It was first ... Eriksen, Bente (1993). "Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae and its taxonomic implications". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 186 (1/ ...
arsatii is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. It grows as a tree or shrub. Xanthophyllum adenotus var. arsatii is endemic to ...
"Polygalaceae Hoffmanns. & Link". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-04-14. "Polygalaceae". ... "Polygalaceae". International Plant Names Index. Retrieved July 16, 2020. Eriksen, Bente (1993). "Phylogeny of the Polygalaceae ... The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan ... The Polygalaceae comprise the following genera, with tribes based on various sources. Carpolobieae Eriksen Atroxima Stapf ...
A systematic study of Polygala section Rhinotropis (Polygalaceae). Ph.D. Dissertation. Austin: The University of Texas at ... Tom Wendt "A New Species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from Tamaulipas, Mexico, with Notes on the Polygala nudata Complex," ... Tom Wendt "A New Species of Polygala (Polygalaceae) from Tamaulipas, Mexico, with Notes on the Polygala nudata Complex," ... A new variety of Polygala rimulicola (Polygalaceae) from Doña Ana County, New Mexico. Madroño 29: 19-21. Google Scholar ...
Polygalaceae) with these wildflower identification tools and a photo gallery with plants grouped according to families. ... Polygalaceae. Plants of the. Milkwort Family. Flowers of the Milkwort family look superficially like those of the Pea family, ...
Xanthophyllum velutinum commonly called Ansarapak. #Polygalaceae
This project was made possible in part by the Institute of Museum and Library Services [MG-70-19-0057-19 ...
Polygalaceae (Milkwort Family). USDA Symbol: POMA7. Image Information. Photographer: Anderson, Wynn. County: Otero. State: NM. ...
... Images for each species. This page displays all the living plant ... UK Flora: Utilities: Living plant images of Polygalaceae. https://www.ukflora.info/speciesdata/utilities/utility-display-living ...
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith ...
Polygalae japonicae herba is the dried aerial part of Polygala sibirica L. (syn: Polygala japonica Houtt., Polygalaceae). Based ...
34: Pendry, Colin A.: Polygalaceae. 2014. 8 col. pls. 63 p. gr8vo. Paper bd. ...
Polygalaceae genus Polygala species Polygala selaginoides Name. Synonyms. Polygala tristis Chodat. Senega selaginoides (A.W. ...
Familia: Polygalaceae. Tribus: Polygaleae. Genus: Asemeia. Species: Asemeia hebeclada. Varietas: Asemeia hebeclada var. ...
Polygalaceae. dicots. 1. 10717. Polygonaceae. dicots. 6. 10724. Portulacaceae. dicots. 3. 10728. Primulaceae. dicots. 6. ...
Seneca snakeroot belongs to the milkwort family (Polygalaceae).. Ginseng and Other Medicinal Plants , A. R. (Arthur Robert) ...
Credits (Polygalaceae). Authors. Eckhard von Raab-Straube (Berlin). Editorial assistance. Carolin Schenk (Berlin) ...
En la década de los años setenta se inicia la colección de plantas que actualmente constituye el Herbario "Jaime Andrés Rodríguez" -LEB- de la Universidad de León. Se ha dedicado expresamente a la memoria de quien impulsó su creación y fue el primer profesor de Botánica de esta institución. El Herbario de la Universidad de León alberga, en la actualidad, además de la colección de Brasil, aproximadamente, 110.000 pliegos de plantas, 9.000 muestras de líquenes, 4.300 de hongos y 25 ejemplares tipo de diatomeas ...
Polygalaceae - Kreuzblumengewächse 4 photos Malvaceae - Brachychiton 35 photos 2016 09 17 Cousins Cousinen Neefjes 4 photos ...
Informasjon hentet fra Bondens kulturmarksflora for Midt-Norge.
Polygalaceae. NT. Fiche…. Polygonum bellardii All., 1785. Polygonaceae. NT. Fiche…. Polygonum robertii Loisel., 1827. ...
Polygalaceae. herb. Tarawa. Prosopis spp.. mesquite, algaroba. Fabaceae. tree. Tarawa. Psidium guajava. guava; te kuawa, te ...
Home ,, Checklist: San Rafael State Park ,, Previous version of Key ,, Identification Key (new version): San Rafael State Park ...
Família/Family: Polygalaceae Grupo/Group: Dicotiledónea/Dicotyledon. Forma de vida/Life form: Hierba/Herb Duración de vida/ ...
Polygalaceae. Polygala gazensis. Polypodiaceae. Microsorum punctatum. Polypodiaceae. Microsorum scolopendria. Proteaceae. ...
Polygala hispida is a species of shrub in the family Polygalaceae. They have samaras. ...
The Milkwort family, Polygalaceae. Polygala calcarea to Polygala vulgaris. to The Mock-orange family, Hydrangeaceae. Hydrangea ...
family Polygalaceae *plant community canyonlands*photo category: Plant - annual/perennial MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PLANT. ...
Family: Polygalaceae (milkworts) *Polygala nana - Candyroot *Order: Primulales *Family: Myrsinaceae (myrsine) *Ardisia crenata ...
  • Polygala hispida is a species of shrub in the family Polygalaceae . (eol.org)
  • [2] Ang Polygala ruwenzoriensis sakop sa kahenera nga Polygala , ug kabanay nga Polygalaceae . (wikipedia.org)
  • Species of Polygalaceae contained within The Plant List belong to 27 plant genera. (bgflora.eu)
  • The Plant List includes 2,870 scientific plant names of species rank for the family Polygalaceae . (bgflora.eu)
  • Family Polygalaceae R. BR. (bgflora.eu)
  • The family Polygalaceae is in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants) . (bgflora.eu)
  • The Plant List includes a further 287 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the family Polygalaceae . (bgflora.eu)
  • The Polygalaceae comprise the following genera, with tribes based on various sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under the Cronquist classification system, Polygalaceae were treated in a separate order of their own, Polygalales. (wikipedia.org)
  • A list of all accepted and unassessed names in Polygalaceae is available in CSV format (Unicode UTF-8 encoding). (bgflora.eu)
  • The other families treated in the Fabales by the APG II classification were placed in separate orders by Cronquist, the Polygalaceae within its own order, the Polygalales , and the Quillajaceae and Surianaceae within the Rosales . (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus Plostaxis is in the family Polygalaceae in the major group Angiosperms (Flowering plants) . (theplantlist.org)
  • Background: Securidaca longepedunculata (Polygalaceae) is a savannah shrub commonly used by traditional medical practitioners in Nigeria. (edu.ng)
  • Under the Cronquist classification system, Polygalaceae were treated in a separate order of their own, Polygalales. (wikipedia.org)
  • Systematics of Monnina (Polygalaceae) (Ph.D.). Drexel University. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the families Fabaceae or legumes (including the subfamilies Caesalpinioideae , Mimosoideae , and Faboideae ), Quillajaceae , Polygalaceae or milkworts (including the families Diclidantheraceae , Moutabeaceae , and Xanthophyllaceae ), and Surianaceae . (wikipedia.org)
  • Polygalaceae] root-bark aqueous extract. (nih.gov)
  • List of lepidoptera species using Polygalaceae as larval foodplant. (lepidoptera.se)
  • About 13 Polygalaceae in Chile and 12 in our data base. (chileflora.com)