Polygonum cuspidatum
Polygonum
Emodin
Plant Extracts
Polygonaceae
Gnetum
Seasonal change in the balance between capacities of RuBP carboxylation and RuBP regeneration affects CO2 response of photosynthesis in Polygonum cuspidatum. (1/18)
The balance between the capacities of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) carboxylation (V(cmax)) and RuBP regeneration (expressed as the maximum electron transport rate, J(max)) determines the CO(2) dependence of the photosynthetic rate. As it has been suggested that this balance changes depending on the growth temperature, the hypothesis that the seasonal change in air temperature affects the balance and modulates the CO(2) response of photosynthesis was tested. V(cmax) and J(max) were determined in summer and autumn for young and old leaves of Polygonum cuspidatum grown at two CO(2) concentrations (370 and 700 micromol mol(-1)). Elevated CO(2) concentration tended to reduce both V(cmax) and J(max) without changing the J(max):V(cmax) ratio. The seasonal environment, on the other hand, altered the ratio such that the J(max):V(cmax) ratio was higher in autumn leaves than summer leaves. This alternation made the photosynthetic rate more dependent on CO(2) concentration in autumn. Therefore, when photosynthetic rates were compared at growth CO(2) concentration, the stimulation in photosynthetic rate was higher in young-autumn than in young-summer leaves. In old-autumn leaves, the stimulation of photosynthesis brought by a change in the J(max):V(cmax) ratio was partly offset by accelerated leaf senescence under elevated CO(2). Across the two seasons and the two CO(2) concentrations, V(cmax) was strongly correlated with Rubisco and J(max) with cytochrome f content. These results suggest that seasonal change in climate affects the relative amounts of photosynthetic proteins, which in turn affect the CO(2) response of photosynthesis. (+info)Applicability and limitations of optimal biomass allocation models: a test of two species from fertile and infertile habitats. (2/18)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The practical applicability of optimal biomass allocation models is not clear. Plants may have constraints in the plasticity of their root : leaf ratio that prevent them from regulating their root : leaf ratio in the optimal manner predicted by the models. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability and limitations of optimal biomass allocation models and to test the assumption that regulation of the root : leaf ratio enables maximization of the relative growth rate (RGR). METHODS: Polygonum cuspidatum from an infertile habitat and Chenopodium album from a fertile habitat were grown under a range of nitrogen availabilities. The biomass allocation, leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR), and leaf area ratio (LAR) of each species were compared with optimal values determined using an optimal biomass allocation model. KEY RESULTS: The root : leaf ratio of C. album was smaller than the optimal ratio in the low-nitrogen treatment, while it was almost optimal in the high-nitrogen treatment. In contrast, the root : leaf ratio of P. cuspidatum was close to the optimum under both high- and low-nitrogen conditions. Owing to the optimal regulation of the root : leaf ratio, C. album in the high-nitrogen treatment and P. cuspidatum in both treatments had LNC and RGR (with its two components, NAR and LAR) close to their optima. However, in the low-nitrogen treatment, the suboptimal root : leaf ratio of C. album led to a smaller LNC than the optimum, which in turn resulted in a smaller NAR than the optimum and RGR than the theoretical maximum RGR. CONCLUSIONS: The applicability of optimal biomass allocation models is fairly high, although constraints in the plasticity of biomass allocation could prevent optimal regulation of the root : leaf ratio in some species. The assumption that regulation of the root : leaf ratio enables maximization of RGR was supported. (+info)Differentiation of rhizoma et radix polygoni cuspidati from closely related herbs by HPLC fingerprinting. (3/18)
An HPLC-DAD fingerprinting profile of Rhizoma Et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati was established basing on the consistent chromatographic features of 24 authentic herb samples. The major types of chemical constituents, stilbenes and anthraquinones, were analyzed and included in the fingerprint. Eight common peaks of Polygonum Cuspidatum were identified by using HPLC-MS. The developed fingerprint was applied to differentiate Rhizoma Et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati from Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei. Although the three herbs belong to the family of Polygonaceae, the results indicated that these could be differentiated by using the established method. (+info)Antioxidant activity of extract from Polygonum cuspidatum. (4/18)
Numerous diseases are induced by free radicals via lipid peroxidation, protein peroxidation and DNA damage. It has been known that a variety of plant extracts have antioxidant activities to scavenge free radicals. Whether Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zuce has antioxidant activity is unknown. In this study, dried roots of Polygonum cuspidatum were extracted by ethanol and the extract was lyophilized. Free radical scavenging assays, superoxide radical scavenging assays, lipid peroxidation assays and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays were employed to study antioxidant activities. The results indicate that the IC50 value oi Polygonum cuspidatum extract is 110 microg/ml in free radical scavenging assays, 3.2 microg/ml in superoxide radical scavenging assays, and 8 microg/ml in lipid peroxidation assays, respectively. Furthermore, Polygonum cuspidatum extract has DNA protective effect in hydroxyl radical-induced DNA strand scission assays. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of extract is 641.1 +/- 42.6 mg/g and 62.3 +/- 6.0 mg/g. The results indicate that Polygonum cuspidatum extract clearly has antioxidant effects. (+info)Selective on-line extraction of trans-resveratrol and emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum using molecularly imprinted polymer. (5/18)
High-performance liquid chromatographic separation is performed to extract active components from the traditional Chinese medicine Polygonum cuspidatum using a trans-resveratrol imprinted polymer. Good separation and purification of trans-resveratrol and emodin from the Polygonum cuspidatum extract are achieved after condition optimization. The extraction recoveries are 83% and 99% for trans-resveratol and emodin, respectively. The results show that the molecularly imprinted polymer can be used as a selective extraction material for the extraction and purification of trans-resveratrol and emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum. (+info)An antiinflammatory and reactive oxygen species suppressive effects of an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum containing resveratrol. (6/18)
(+info)2-Methoxystypandrone represses RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by down-regulating formation of TRAF6-TAK1 signalling complexes. (7/18)
(+info)Efficient synthesis of natural polyphenolic stilbenes: resveratrol, piceatannol and oxyresveratrol. (8/18)
The practical synthesis of important natural polyphenolic stilbenes, including resveratrol, piceatannol and oxyresveratrol, through Perkin methodology is described. Starting from 3,5-dihydoxyacetophenone (1), the common intermediate 3,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid (3) can be obtained via methylation and Willgerodt-Kindler reaction. Perkin condensations between (3) and substituted phenylaldehydes 4 furnished E-2,3-diarylacrylic acids 5, followed by decarboxylation in Cu/quinoline giving stilbene intermediates 6 which bear the Z-configuration. Finally, through a simultaneous demethylation/isomerization process in AlI(3)/CH(3)CN system, the target compounds 7a-c can be obtained respectively in good to high overall yields. The synthetic method proved to be more concise, trans-specific, mild, economical and commonly applicable. (+info)'Polygonum cuspidatum' is the botanical name for a plant species more commonly known as Japanese knotweed. Although it has some traditional medicinal uses in its native range of East Asia, it is not typically referred to as a 'medical definition.' However, it's crucial to note that Japanese knotweed has become an invasive species in many parts of the world, including North America and Europe. Its rapid growth can cause significant damage to infrastructure and negatively impact native ecosystems.
In traditional East Asian medicine, extracts from 'Polygonum cuspidatum' have been used for various purposes, such as treating Lyme disease, skin issues, and inflammation. The plant contains resveratrol, a potent antioxidant that has gained attention in recent years for its potential health benefits. However, more research is needed to confirm these effects and establish safe and effective dosages.
In summary, 'Polygonum cuspidatum' or Japanese knotweed does not have a medical definition per se, but it is a plant species with some traditional medicinal uses and potential health benefits due to its resveratrol content. It is essential to be aware of its invasive nature if you come across this plant in non-native environments.
"Polygonum" is a genus of plants, also known as "knotweed," that belongs to the family Polygonaceae. It includes various species, some of which have been used in traditional medicine. However, it does not have a specific medical definition as it refers to a group of plants and not a particular medical condition or treatment. Some species of Polygonum have been studied for their potential medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. But, it is essential to note that further research is required to establish their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.
Emodin is a natural anthraquinone compound that can be found in various plants such as rhubarb, knotweed, and Japanese knotweed. It has been reported to have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential health benefits and to understand the mechanisms of action.
Emodin can also interact with certain drugs and may cause adverse effects, so it's important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any supplements containing emodin.
Stilbenes are a type of chemical compound that consists of a 1,2-diphenylethylene backbone. They are phenolic compounds and can be found in various plants, where they play a role in the defense against pathogens and stress conditions. Some stilbenes have been studied for their potential health benefits, including their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. One well-known example of a stilbene is resveratrol, which is found in the skin of grapes and in red wine.
It's important to note that while some stilbenes have been shown to have potential health benefits in laboratory studies, more research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness in humans. It's always a good idea to talk to a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
A plant extract is a preparation containing chemical constituents that have been extracted from a plant using a solvent. The resulting extract may contain a single compound or a mixture of several compounds, depending on the extraction process and the specific plant material used. These extracts are often used in various industries including pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and food and beverage, due to their potential therapeutic or beneficial properties. The composition of plant extracts can vary widely, and it is important to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy before use in any application.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polygonaceae" is not a medical term. It is a botanical term that refers to a family of flowering plants, also known as the buckwheat family. This family includes various genera such as Polygonum, Rumex, and Reynoutria, among others. Many members of this family are important sources of food, medicine, and ornamental plants.
"Gnetum" is a botanical term that refers to a genus of plants in the family Gnetaceae. These plants are not commonly referred to as "Gnetum" in a medical context, but rather by the specific names of their edible species, such as Gnetum gnemon (called "Melinjo" in Indonesian) and Gnetum Africanum (called "Okazi" or "Ukazi" in West Africa).
The leaves, seeds, and stems of some Gnetum species are used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support their medicinal uses. Therefore, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional before using any plant-based remedies for medical purposes.
Glucosides are chemical compounds that consist of a glycosidic bond between a sugar molecule (typically glucose) and another non-sugar molecule, which can be an alcohol, phenol, or steroid. They occur naturally in various plants and some microorganisms.
Glucosides are not medical terms per se, but they do have significance in pharmacology and toxicology because some of them may release the sugar portion upon hydrolysis, yielding aglycone, which can have physiological effects when ingested or absorbed into the body. Some glucosides are used as medications or dietary supplements due to their therapeutic properties, while others can be toxic if consumed in large quantities.