Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.
Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.
Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.
A non-invasive imaging method that uses computed tomographic data combined with specialized imaging software to examine the colon.
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.
A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.
Linear polymers in which orthophosphate residues are linked with energy-rich phosphoanhydride bonds. They are found in plants, animals, and microorganisms.
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.
A hereditary disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations involving CHROMOSOME 19. It is characterized by the presence of INTESTINAL POLYPS, consistently in the JEJUNUM, and mucocutaneous pigmentation with MELANIN spots of the lips, buccal MUCOSA, and digits.
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).
The growth of INTESTINAL POLYPS. Growth processes include neoplastic (ADENOMA and CARCINOMA) and non-neoplastic (hyperplastic, mucosal, inflammatory, and other polyps).
Neoplasms composed of fibrous and epithelial tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in fibrous tissue or epithelium.
Tumor suppressor genes located in the 5q21 region on the long arm of human chromosome 5. The mutation of these genes is associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI) and GARDNER SYNDROME, as well as some sporadic colorectal cancers.
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.
Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.
The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.
Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.
A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the sigmoid flexure.
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.
The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the uterus.
A class in the phylum CNIDARIA which alternates between polyp and medusa forms during their life cycle. There are over 2700 species in five orders.
Specially designed endoscopes for visualizing the interior surface of the colon.
Pathological processes involving the STOMACH.
Pathological processes that tend eventually to become malignant. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.
A group of enzymes that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group onto a phosphate group acceptor. EC 2.7.4.
A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.
A phylum of radially symmetrical invertebrates characterized by possession of stinging cells called nematocysts. It includes the classes ANTHOZOA; CUBOZOA; HYDROZOA, and SCYPHOZOA. Members carry CNIDARIAN VENOMS.
The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.
Air-filled spaces located within the bones around the NASAL CAVITY. They are extensions of the nasal cavity and lined by the ciliated NASAL MUCOSA. Each sinus is named for the cranial bone in which it is located, such as the ETHMOID SINUS; the FRONTAL SINUS; the MAXILLARY SINUS; and the SPHENOID SINUS.
The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the TRANSVERSE COLON. It passes cephalad from the cecum to the caudal surface of the right lobe of the LIVER where it bends sharply to the left, forming the right colic flexure.
Tumors or cancer of the DUODENUM.
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.
Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.
A variant of ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI caused by mutation in the APC gene (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. It is characterized by not only the presence of multiple colonic polyposis but also extracolonic ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; the EYE; the SKIN; the SKULL; and the FACIAL BONES; as well as malignancy in organs other than the GI tract.
A solution or compound that is introduced into the RECTUM with the purpose of cleansing the COLON or for diagnostic procedures.
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.
An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.
Computer systems or networks designed to provide radiographic interpretive information.

Differential diagnosis of small polypoid lesions of the gallbladder: the value of endoscopic ultrasonography. (1/439)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in making a differential diagnosis of small (< or =20 mm) polypoid lesions of the gallbladder. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Differential diagnosis of these lesions is often difficult using conventional imaging modalities. METHODS: The findings of EUS and transabdominal ultrasonography were retrospectively analyzed in 65 surgical cases of small polypoid lesions (cholesterol polyp in 40, adenomyomatosis in 9, adenoma in 4, and adenocarcinoma in 12). RESULTS: Polypoid lesions exceeding 10 mm suggested malignancy. EUS showed a tiny echogenic spot or an aggregation of echogenic spots with or without echopenic areas in 95% of patients with cholesterol polyps. EUS showed multiple microcysts or comet tail artifact in all adenomyomatosis cases. Adenomas and adenocarcinomas were not associated with the echogenic spots, microcysts, or artifacts. Among adenomas and adenocarcinomas, all sessile lesions were adenocarcinomas. EUS differentiated among polypoid lesions more precisely than ultrasonography (97% vs. 71%). CONCLUSIONS: A tiny echogenic spot or an aggregation of echogenic spots and multiple microcysts or comet tail artifact is pathognomonic for cholesterol polyp and adenomyomatosis, respectively. Polypoid lesions without these findings indicate adenoma or adenocarcinoma on EUS. Routine use of EUS is recommended for differential diagnosis of polypoid gallbladder lesions when ultrasonography shows no signs indicative of either cholesterol polyp or adenomyomatosis.  (+info)

Benign expansile lesions of the sphenoid sinus: differentiation from normal asymmetry of the lateral recesses. (2/439)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is a wide range of normal variation is sphenoid sinus development, especially in the size of the lateral recesses. The purpose of this study was to determine imaging characteristics that may help differentiate between opacification of a developmentally asymmetric lateral recess and a true expansile lesion of the sphenoid sinus. METHODS: Coronal CT was performed in seven patients with expansile or erosive benign lesions of the sphenoid sinus, and results were compared to a control population of 72 subjects with unopacified sphenoid sinuses. The degree of asymmetry of lateral recess development was assessed with particular attention to the separation of vidian's canal and the foramen rotundum (vidian-rotundum distance). The images were also examined for evidence of: erosion, defined as loss of the normal thin bony margin on at least two contiguous sections; apparent thinning of the sinus wall, defined as a focal apparent decrease in thickness again on at least two contiguous sections; and for vidian's canal or foramen rotundum rim erosion or flattening. RESULTS: Of the seven patients with expansile lesions, vidian's canal margin erosion was present in seven, unequivocal sinus expansion in three, wall erosion in three, wall thinning in three, erosion of the foramen rotundum in two, and flattening in the foramen rotundum in four. Forty-one of the 72 controls had lateral recess formation, 28 of which were asymmetric. The distance between vidian's canal and the foramen rotundum (vidian-rotundum distance) relied on the presence or absence of pneumatization, with a significantly larger distance in the presence of greater wing pneumatization. Examination of 24 controls revealed apparent thinning of the sinus wall, typically at the carotid groove, but no flattening, thinning, or erosion of the vidian canal or of the foramen rotundum. CONCLUSION: Examination of controls and patients with expansile or erosive lesions of the sphenoid sinus revealed side-to-side asymmetry in the development of the sinus and lateral recess, making subtle expansion difficult to assess. Furthermore, variability in the vidian-rotundum distance correlated with degree of pneumatization, and did not necessarily reflect expansion. Thus, in the absence of gross sinus wall erosion, flattening or erosion of the rims of vidian's canal or the foramen rotundum provides the most specific evidence of an expansile or erosive process within the sinus.  (+info)

Dysregulation of beta-catenin is common in canine sporadic colorectal tumors. (3/439)

Human colorectal tumorigenesis is often initiated by APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) or beta-catenin (CTNNB1) mutations, which result in dysregulation of beta-catenin expression, followed by alterations in E-cadherin and/or p53. We examined 32 canine intestinal tumors for expression and intracellular distribution of beta-catenin, E-cadherin, and p53 using immunohistochemistry. beta-Catenin in normal mucosal epithelial cells was restricted to lateral cell membranes, but 13/13 (100%) colorectal adenomas had intense cytoplasmic and/or nuclear reactivity. Three of six (50%) colorectal carcinomas, 2/13 (15%) small intestinal carcinomas, and dysplastic cells in 1/2 focal hyperplastic lesions in the small intestine had a similar pattern of staining; remaining tumors had normal membranous beta-catenin reactivity. There was a correlation (P = 0.007) between abnormal beta-catenin and E-cadherin staining with 11/13 (85%) colorectal adenomas, 3/6 (50%) colorectal carcinomas, and 3/13 (23%) small intestinal carcinomas showing decreased membranous reactivity compared with normal mucosal epithelium. E-cadherin staining was reduced more often in adenomas than in carcinomas (P = 0.04). There were two patterns of nuclear p53 staining: > 60% of nuclei in 2/26 (8%) carcinomas (one colorectal, one small intestinal) were strongly labeled, whereas three colorectal adenomas and one small intestinal carcinoma had fainter staining in 10-20% of cells. Dysregulation of beta-catenin appears to be as important in canine colorectal tumorigenesis as it is in the human disease and could be due to analogous mutations. Malignant progression in canine intestinal tumors does not appear to be dependent on loss of E-cadherin or beta-catenin expression or strongly associated with overexpression of nuclear CMI antibody-reactivity p53.  (+info)

Heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein gene expression is up-regulated in human colorectal carcinoma and correlated with differentiation status and metastasis. (4/439)

We applied a subtractive hybridization strategy to obtain genes that are differentially expressed in colorectal carcinoma. Heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein (HIP) was shown to be up-regulated in colorectal carcinoma. A study of 53 patients with documented colorectal carcinoma showed that 70% of the tumors had HIP tumor-to-normal ratios (expression in tumor tissue compared to expression in normal mucosa) of >2. In six patients with concomitant polyps, HIP expression in the polyps was similar to the carcinoma, showing that up-regulation of HIP may be an early event in tumorigenesis. A significant inverse correlation between HIP levels and the presence of distant metastasis (Duke's stage D) was noted. Similarly, HIP expression was also related to differentiation status in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. HIP expression was lower in the poorly differentiated COLO 205 cell line compared to the well-differentiated HT-29 cell line. The correlation was further strengthened by studies in COLO 205 cells that were induced to differentiate with herbimycin A treatment. HIP expression was significantly higher when the cells were induced to differentiate. Withdrawal of herbimycin A resulted in a reversal of morphological changes associated with differentiation and an associated decrease in HIP expression. These studies indicate that HIP is an important molecule for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. The up-regulation of HIP may be an early event in tumorigenesis, and its increased expression may facilitate growth and local invasion. A lower expression of HIP in tumors results in decreased cell adhesion, favoring metastasis. HIP is a candidate marker of abnormal cell growth in the colon and a prognostic marker for colorectal carcinoma.  (+info)

The value of sonohysterography combined with cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity in predicting histological diagnosis. (5/439)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy of sonohysterography combined with cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity in predicting histological diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study was conducted comparing sonohysterography combined with endometrial washings for cytology with histological evaluation after surgical procedures. Of 152 patients referred for sonohysterography, 87 were premenopausal and 65 were postmenopausal. Some of the injected fluid was aspirated for cytological analysis. Sixty-one patients (40%) underwent surgical hysteroscopy and eight (5%) had dilatation and curettage as a result of the sonohysterographic findings. Histological diagnoses were compared with the sonohysterographic and cytological findings. RESULTS: In 99 (65%) patients, sonohysterography demonstrated endometrial polypoid lesions. Only 54 endometrial cavitary lesions were confirmed pathologically. Epithelial cells with atypia were more often found in patients without (five of 53) than in those with (two of 99) an endometrial polyp (p < 0.05). Only one out of nine cases of histological diagnosis of hyperplasia was predicted cytologically. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of cytological analysis of the fluid retrieved from the endometrial cavity during sonohysterography did not contribute to the prediction of benign histological diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia.  (+info)

Endometrial pathology in postmenopausal tamoxifen treatment: comparison between gynaecologically symptomatic and asymptomatic breast cancer patients. (6/439)

AIMS: To evaluate whether endometrial pathology is more likely to be diagnosed in gynaecologically symptomatic rather than in gynaecologically asymptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer patients with tamoxifen treatment; and to evaluate the possible influence of various clinical factors on the incidence of endometrial pathology. METHODS: Endometrial histological findings, transvaginal ultrasonographic endometrial thickness, demographic characteristics, health habits, and risk factors for endometrial cancer were compared between 14 gynaecologically symptomatic (group I) and 224 gynaecologically asymptomatic (group II) postmenopausal breast cancer patients with tamoxifen treatment. RESULTS: Overall, 28.6% of the study population had endometrial pathology. The incidence of overall positive endometrial histological findings was significantly higher in group I than in group II (92.9% v 24.6%, p < 0.0001). Atrophic endometrium was more common in group II than in group I (75.3% v 7.1%, p < 0.0001). Most other endometrial pathology was significantly more common in group I than in group II (endometrial hyperplasia, 35.7% v 5.6%, p < 0.0001; endometrial polyps, 35.7% v 13.4%, p < 0.0111; endometrial carcinoma, 21.5% v 0.9%, p < 0.0001). Endometrial pathology appeared considerably later in the gynaecologically asymptomatic patients than in gynaecologically symptomatic patients (p = 0.0002). Vaginal bleeding or spotting occurred exclusively in group I. The incidence of endometrial pathology in the entire study population was consistent with that reported elsewhere, and higher than that reported for healthy postmenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial pathology is more likely to be diagnosed in gynaecologically symptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer patients with tamoxifen treatment, and after a shorter duration of time, than in gynaecologically asymptomatic patients.  (+info)

The effect of endometrial polyps on outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. (7/439)

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate the effect of endometrial polyps on pregnancy outcome in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. METHODS: Endometrial polyps less than 2 cm in diameter were suspected by transvaginal ultrasound before oocyte recovery in 83 patients. Forty-nine women (Group I) had standard IVF-embryo transfer, while in 34 women (Group II) hysteroscopy and polypectomy were performed immediately following oocyte retrieval, the suitable embryos were all frozen, and the replacement cycle took place a few months later. RESULTS: Of the 32 hysteroscopies, a polyp was diagnosed in 24 cases (75%) and polypoid endometrium in another 5 patients (15.6%). An endometrial polyp was confirmed by histopathological examination in 14 women (58.3%). The pregnancy rate in group I was similar to the general pregnancy rate of our unit over the same period (22.4 vs 23.4%) but the miscarriage rate was higher (27.3 vs 10.7%, P = 0.08). In Group II, the pregnancy and miscarriage rates were similar to those of the frozen embryo cycles at Bourn Hall (30.4 and 14.3 vs 22.3 and 12.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Small endometrial polyps, less than 2 cm, do not decrease the pregnancy rate, but there is a trend toward increased pregnancy loss. A policy of oocyte retrieval, polypectomy, freezing the embryos, and replacing them in the future might increase the "take-home baby" rate.  (+info)

Characterisation of a subtype of colorectal cancer combining features of the suppressor and mild mutator pathways. (8/439)

BACKGROUND: 10% of sporadic colorectal cancers are characterised by a low level of microsatellite instability (MSI-L). These are not thought to differ substantially from microsatelite-stable (MSS) cancers, but MSI-L and MSS cancers are distinguished clinicopathologically and in their spectrum of genetic alterations from cancers showing high level microsatellite instability (MSI-H). AIMS: To study the distribution of molecular alterations in a series of colorectal cancers stratified by DNA microsatellite instability. METHODS: A subset of an unselected series of colorectal cancers was grouped by the finding of DNA MSI at 0 loci (MSS) (n = 51), 1-2 loci (MSI-L) (n = 38) and 3-6 loci (MSI-H) (n = 25). The frequency of K-ras mutation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 5q, 17p and 18q, and patterns of p53 and beta catenin immunohistochemistry was determined in the three groups. RESULTS: MSI-H cancers had a low frequency of K-ras mutation (7%), LOH on chromosomes 5q (0%), 17p (0%) and 18q (12.5%), and a normal pattern of immunostaining for p53 and beta catenin. MSI-L cancers differed from MSS cancers in terms of a higher frequency of K-ras mutation (54% v 27%) (p = 0.01) and lower frequency of 5q LOH (23% v 48%) (p = 0.047). Whereas aberrant beta catenin expression and 5q LOH were concordant (both present or both absent) in 57% of MSS cancers, concordance was observed in only 20% of MSI-L cancers (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MSI-L colorectal cancers are distinct from both MSI-H and MSS cancers. This subset combines features of the suppressor and mutator pathways, may be more dependent on K-ras than on the APC gene in the early stages of neoplastic evolution, and a proportion may be related histogenetically to the serrated (hyperplastic) polyp.  (+info)

A polyp is a general term for a small growth that protrudes from a mucous membrane, such as the lining of the nose or the digestive tract. Polyps can vary in size and shape, but they are usually cherry-sized or smaller and have a stalk or a broad base. They are often benign (noncancerous), but some types of polyps, especially those in the colon, can become cancerous over time.

In the digestive tract, polyps can form in the colon, rectum, stomach, or small intestine. Colorectal polyps are the most common type and are usually found during routine colonoscopies. There are several types of colorectal polyps, including:

* Adenomatous polyps (adenomas): These polyps can become cancerous over time and are the most likely to turn into cancer.
* Hyperplastic polyps: These polyps are usually small and benign, but some types may have a higher risk of becoming cancerous.
* Inflammatory polyps: These polyps are caused by chronic inflammation in the digestive tract, such as from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Polyps can also form in other parts of the body, including the nose, sinuses, ears, and uterus. In most cases, polyps are benign and do not cause any symptoms. However, if they become large enough, they may cause problems such as bleeding, obstruction, or discomfort. Treatment typically involves removing the polyp through a surgical procedure.

Colonic polyps are abnormal growths that protrude from the inner wall of the colon (large intestine). They can vary in size, shape, and number. Most colonic polyps are benign, meaning they are not cancerous. However, some types of polyps, such as adenomas, have a higher risk of becoming cancerous over time if left untreated.

Colonic polyps often do not cause any symptoms, especially if they are small. Larger polyps may lead to symptoms like rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, or iron deficiency anemia. The exact cause of colonic polyps is not known, but factors such as age, family history, and certain medical conditions (like inflammatory bowel disease) can increase the risk of developing them.

Regular screening exams, such as colonoscopies, are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 to detect and remove polyps before they become cancerous. If you have a family history of colonic polyps or colorectal cancer, your doctor may recommend earlier or more frequent screenings.

Nasal polyps are benign (noncancerous) growths that originate from the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses. They most often occur in the area where the sinuses open into the nasal cavity. Small nasal polyps may not cause any problems. But if they grow large enough, they can block your nasal passages and lead to breathing issues, frequent infections and loss of smell.

Nasal polyps are associated with chronic inflammation due to conditions such as asthma, allergic rhinitis or chronic sinusitis. Treatment typically includes medication to reduce the size of the polyps or surgery to remove them. Even after successful treatment, nasal polyps often return.

Adenomatous polyps, also known as adenomas, are benign (noncancerous) growths that develop in the lining of the glandular tissue of certain organs, most commonly occurring in the colon and rectum. These polyps are composed of abnormal glandular cells that can grow excessively and form a mass.

Adenomatous polyps can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. They may be flat or have a stalk (pedunculated). While adenomas are generally benign, they can potentially undergo malignant transformation and develop into colorectal cancer over time if left untreated. The risk of malignancy increases with the size of the polyp and the presence of certain histological features, such as dysplasia (abnormal cell growth).

Regular screening for adenomatous polyps is essential to detect and remove them early, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer. Screening methods include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and stool-based tests.

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the large intestine, also known as the colon and rectum. It is performed using a flexible tube with a tiny camera on the end, called a colonoscope, which is inserted into the rectum and gently guided through the entire length of the colon.

The procedure allows doctors to visually inspect the lining of the colon for any abnormalities such as polyps, ulcers, inflammation, or cancer. If any polyps are found during the procedure, they can be removed immediately using special tools passed through the colonoscope. Colonoscopy is an important tool in the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.

Patients are usually given a sedative to help them relax during the procedure, which is typically performed on an outpatient basis in a hospital or clinic setting. The entire procedure usually takes about 30-60 minutes to complete, although patients should plan to spend several hours at the medical facility for preparation and recovery.

Computed tomographic colonography (CTC), also known as virtual colonoscopy, is a medical imaging technique that uses computed tomography (CT) scans to produce detailed images of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. In CTC, specialized software creates two- and three-dimensional images of the colon's inner surface, allowing healthcare providers to examine the colon for polyps, tumors, and other abnormalities.

During a CTC procedure, patients are usually given a mild laxative and asked to follow a clear liquid diet beforehand to clean out the colon. A small tube is inserted into the rectum to inflate the colon with air or carbon dioxide, making it easier to visualize any abnormalities. The patient lies on their back and then their stomach while the CT scanner takes multiple images of the abdomen and pelvis from different angles.

CTC has several advantages over traditional colonoscopy, including less invasiveness, lower risk of complications, faster recovery time, and the ability to examine the entire colon without missing any areas. However, if polyps or other abnormalities are detected during a CTC, a follow-up diagnostic colonoscopy may be necessary for removal or further evaluation.

It is important to note that CTC does not replace traditional colonoscopy as a screening tool for colorectal cancer. While it has similar accuracy in detecting large polyps and cancers, its ability to detect smaller polyps is less reliable compared to optical colonoscopy. Therefore, guidelines recommend using CTC as an alternative option for individuals who cannot or do not wish to undergo traditional colonoscopy, or as a supplemental screening tool for those at higher risk of colorectal cancer.

An adenoma is a benign (noncancerous) tumor that develops from glandular epithelial cells. These types of cells are responsible for producing and releasing fluids, such as hormones or digestive enzymes, into the surrounding tissues. Adenomas can occur in various organs and glands throughout the body, including the thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, and digestive systems.

Depending on their location, adenomas may cause different symptoms or remain asymptomatic. Some common examples of adenomas include:

1. Colorectal adenoma (also known as a polyp): These growths occur in the lining of the colon or rectum and can develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated. Regular screenings, such as colonoscopies, are essential for early detection and removal of these polyps.
2. Thyroid adenoma: This type of adenoma affects the thyroid gland and may result in an overproduction or underproduction of hormones, leading to conditions like hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) or hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).
3. Pituitary adenoma: These growths occur in the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain and controls various hormonal functions. Depending on their size and location, pituitary adenomas can cause vision problems, headaches, or hormonal imbalances that affect growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
4. Liver adenoma: These rare benign tumors develop in the liver and may not cause any symptoms unless they become large enough to press on surrounding organs or structures. In some cases, liver adenomas can rupture and cause internal bleeding.
5. Adrenal adenoma: These growths occur in the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys and produce hormones that regulate stress responses, metabolism, and blood pressure. Most adrenal adenomas are nonfunctioning, meaning they do not secrete excess hormones. However, functioning adrenal adenomas can lead to conditions like Cushing's syndrome or Conn's syndrome, depending on the type of hormone being overproduced.

It is essential to monitor and manage benign tumors like adenomas to prevent potential complications, such as rupture, bleeding, or hormonal imbalances. Treatment options may include surveillance with imaging studies, medication to manage hormonal issues, or surgical removal of the tumor in certain cases.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of numerous adenomatous polyps in the colon and rectum. APC is caused by mutations in the APC gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene that helps regulate cell growth and division. When the APC gene is mutated, it can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and the development of polyps, which can eventually become cancerous.

Individuals with APC typically develop hundreds to thousands of polyps in their colon and rectum, usually beginning in adolescence or early adulthood. If left untreated, APC can lead to colorectal cancer in nearly all affected individuals by the age of 40.

APC is an autosomal dominant disorder, which means that a person has a 50% chance of inheriting the mutated gene from an affected parent. However, some cases of APC may also occur spontaneously due to new mutations in the APC gene. Treatment for APC typically involves surgical removal of the colon and rectum (colectomy) to prevent the development of colorectal cancer. Regular surveillance with colonoscopy is also recommended to monitor for the development of new polyps.

Polyphosphates are compounds consisting of many phosphate groups linked together in the form of chains or rings. They are often used in various medical and healthcare applications, such as:

* Dental care products: Polyphosphates can help prevent the formation of dental plaque and calculus by binding to calcium ions in saliva and inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause tooth decay.
* Nutritional supplements: Polyphosphates are sometimes used as a source of phosphorus in nutritional supplements, particularly for people who have kidney disease or other medical conditions that require them to limit their intake of phosphorus from food sources.
* Medical devices: Polyphosphates may be used in the manufacture of medical devices, such as contact lenses and catheters, to improve their biocompatibility and resistance to bacterial growth.

It's worth noting that while polyphosphates have various medical uses, they can also be found in many non-medical products, such as food additives, water treatment chemicals, and cleaning agents.

Colorectal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the colon or rectum, which can be benign or malignant. These growths can arise from the inner lining (mucosa) of the colon or rectum and can take various forms such as polyps, adenomas, or carcinomas.

Benign neoplasms, such as hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps, are not cancerous but may need to be removed to prevent the development of malignant tumors. Adenomas, on the other hand, are precancerous lesions that can develop into colorectal cancer if left untreated.

Colorectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm that arises from the uncontrolled growth and division of cells in the colon or rectum. It is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and can spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system.

Regular screening for colorectal neoplasms is recommended for individuals over the age of 50, as early detection and removal of precancerous lesions can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of benign tumors called hamartomas in the gastrointestinal tract and pigmented macules on the skin and mucous membranes. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the STK11/LKB1 gene, which is involved in regulating cell growth and division.

Individuals with PJS have an increased risk of developing various types of cancer, including gastrointestinal tract cancers, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. The diagnosis of PJS is typically made based on the presence of characteristic clinical features, such as multiple pigmented macules on the skin and mucous membranes, and a history of benign gastrointestinal tumors or family history of PJS.

Management of PJS involves regular surveillance for gastrointestinal tumors and cancer screening, as well as genetic counseling and testing for family members who may be at risk. Treatment options depend on the location and size of the tumors and may include endoscopic removal or surgery.

Sinusitis, also known as rhinosinusitis, is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, which are air-filled cavities located within the skull near the nose. The inflammation can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections, as well as allergies, structural issues, or autoimmune disorders.

In sinusitis, the mucous membranes lining the sinuses become swollen and may produce excess mucus, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, thick green or yellow nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, reduced sense of smell, cough, fatigue, and fever.

Sinusitis can be classified into acute (lasting less than 4 weeks), subacute (lasting 4-12 weeks), chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks), or recurrent (multiple episodes within a year). Treatment options depend on the underlying cause and severity of symptoms, and may include antibiotics, nasal corticosteroids, decongestants, saline irrigation, and in some cases, surgery.

Hyperplasia is a medical term that refers to an abnormal increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, leading to an enlargement of the affected area. It's a response to various stimuli such as hormones, chronic irritation, or inflammation. Hyperplasia can be physiological, like the growth of breast tissue during pregnancy, or pathological, like in the case of benign or malignant tumors. The process is generally reversible if the stimulus is removed. It's important to note that hyperplasia itself is not cancerous, but some forms of hyperplasia can increase the risk of developing cancer over time.

Colonic neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the large intestine, also known as the colon. These growths can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The two most common types of colonic neoplasms are adenomas and carcinomas.

Adenomas are benign tumors that can develop into cancer over time if left untreated. They are often found during routine colonoscopies and can be removed during the procedure.

Carcinomas, on the other hand, are malignant tumors that invade surrounding tissues and can spread to other parts of the body. Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and colonic neoplasms are a significant risk factor for developing this type of cancer.

Regular screenings for colonic neoplasms are recommended for individuals over the age of 50 or those with a family history of colorectal cancer or other risk factors. Early detection and removal of colonic neoplasms can significantly reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Rectal diseases refer to conditions that affect the structure or function of the rectum, which is the lower end of the large intestine, just above the anus. The rectum serves as a storage area for stool before it is eliminated from the body. Some common rectal diseases include:

1. Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause pain, itching, bleeding, and discomfort.
2. Rectal cancer: Abnormal growth of cells in the rectum that can invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body.
3. Anal fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus that can cause pain, bleeding, and itching.
4. Rectal prolapse: A condition where the rectum slips outside the anus, causing discomfort, fecal incontinence, and other symptoms.
5. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A group of chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the digestive tract, including the rectum, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
6. Rectal abscess: A collection of pus in the rectum caused by an infection, which can cause pain, swelling, and fever.
7. Fistula-in-ano: An abnormal connection between the rectum and the skin around the anus, which can cause drainage of pus or stool.
8. Rectal foreign bodies: Objects that are accidentally or intentionally inserted into the rectum and can cause injury, infection, or obstruction.

These are just a few examples of rectal diseases, and there are many other conditions that can affect the rectum. If you experience any symptoms related to the rectum, it is important to seek medical attention from a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Intestinal polyposis is a condition characterized by the presence of multiple polyps in the inner lining (mucosa) of the intestines. These polyps are abnormal growths that protrude from the intestinal wall and can vary in size, number, and type. Some common types of polyps include adenomatous, hyperplastic, and inflammatory polyps.

Intestinal polyposis can occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (colon). The condition can be inherited or acquired, and it is often associated with various genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, juvenile polyposis syndrome, and Lynch syndrome.

Depending on the type, size, and number of polyps, intestinal polyposis can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer and other gastrointestinal malignancies. Regular surveillance, monitoring, and removal of polyps are essential for managing this condition and preventing complications.

Fibroepithelial neoplasms are benign (non-cancerous) growths that consist of both fibrous and epithelial tissue. These types of neoplasms can occur in various parts of the body, but they are most commonly found in the skin and mucous membranes. A well-known example of a fibroepithelial neoplasm is a skin tag (acrochordon). Other examples include fibroma, papilloma, and neurofibroma.

Fibroepithelial neoplasms are typically slow-growing and cause little to no discomfort or symptoms. However, they may be removed for cosmetic reasons or if they become irritated, inflamed, or start to bleed. In rare cases, a fibroepithelial neoplasm can undergo malignant transformation and develop into cancer. It is essential to have any new or changing growths evaluated by a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate course of action.

APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) gene is a tumor suppressor gene that provides instructions for making a protein called adenomatous polyposis coli. This protein plays a crucial role in regulating the growth and division of cells in the colon and rectum. Specifically, it helps to maintain the stability of the cell's genetic material (DNA) by controlling the process of beta-catenin degradation.

When the APC gene is mutated or altered, it can lead to an accumulation of beta-catenin in the cell, which can result in uncontrolled cell growth and division. This can ultimately lead to the development of colon polyps, which are benign growths that can become cancerous over time if left untreated.

Mutations in the APC gene are associated with several inherited cancer syndromes, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and attenuated FAP (AFAP). These conditions are characterized by the development of numerous colon polyps at a young age, which can increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Rhinitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the nasal passages, leading to symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, congestion, and postnasal drip. It can be caused by various factors, including allergies (such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander), infections (viral or bacterial), environmental irritants (such as smoke or pollution), and hormonal changes. Depending on the cause, rhinitis can be classified as allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, infectious rhinitis, or hormonal rhinitis. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause but may include medications such as antihistamines, decongestants, nasal sprays, and immunotherapy (allergy shots).

Uterine diseases refer to a range of medical conditions that affect the uterus, which is the reproductive organ in females where fetal development occurs. These diseases can be categorized into structural abnormalities, infectious diseases, and functional disorders. Here are some examples:

1. Structural abnormalities: These include congenital malformations such as septate uterus or bicornuate uterus, as well as acquired conditions like endometrial polyps, fibroids (benign tumors of the muscular wall), and adenomyosis (where the endometrial tissue grows into the muscular wall).

2. Infectious diseases: The uterus can be affected by various infections, including bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic agents. Examples include pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tuberculosis, and candidiasis.

3. Functional disorders: These are conditions that affect the normal functioning of the uterus without any apparent structural abnormalities or infections. Examples include dysmenorrhea (painful periods), menorrhagia (heavy periods), and endometriosis (where the endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus).

4. Malignant diseases: Uterine cancer, including endometrial cancer and cervical cancer, are significant health concerns for women.

5. Other conditions: Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility can also be considered as uterine diseases since they involve the abnormal functioning or structural issues of the uterus.

The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a part of the digestive system in humans and other vertebrates. It is an organ that eliminates waste from the body and is located between the small intestine and the rectum. The main function of the colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food, forming and storing feces until they are eliminated through the anus.

The colon is divided into several regions, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The walls of the colon contain a layer of muscle that helps to move waste material through the organ by a process called peristalsis.

The inner surface of the colon is lined with mucous membrane, which secretes mucus to lubricate the passage of feces. The colon also contains a large population of bacteria, known as the gut microbiota, which play an important role in digestion and immunity.

Endoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the use of an endoscope, which is a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, to examine the interior of a body cavity or organ. The endoscope is inserted through a natural opening in the body, such as the mouth or anus, or through a small incision. The images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor, allowing the physician to visualize the internal structures and detect any abnormalities, such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors. Endoscopy can also be used for diagnostic purposes, such as taking tissue samples for biopsy, or for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps or performing minimally invasive surgeries.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Hydra" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. Hydra is a genus of small, simple aquatic animals, belonging to the class Hydrozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. They are named after the multi-headed creature from Greek mythology due to their ability to regenerate lost body parts.

If you're looking for a medical term related to hydra, one possibility could be "Hydralazine," which is a medication used to treat high blood pressure. It works by relaxing the muscle in the walls of blood vessels, causing them to widen and the blood to flow more easily.

I hope this information is helpful! If you have any other questions or need clarification on a different topic, please let me know.

Sigmoidoscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a sigmoidoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, into the rectum and lower colon (sigmoid colon) to examine these areas for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, polyps, or cancer. The procedure typically allows for the detection of issues in the sigmoid colon and rectum, and can help diagnose conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulosis, or colorectal cancer.

There are two types of sigmoidoscopy: flexible sigmoidoscopy and rigid sigmoidoscopy. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is more commonly performed because it provides a better view of the lower colon and is less uncomfortable for the patient. Rigid sigmoidoscopy, on the other hand, uses a solid, inflexible tube and is typically used in specific situations such as the removal of foreign objects or certain types of polyps.

During the procedure, patients are usually positioned on their left side with their knees drawn up to their chest. The sigmoidoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and advanced through the lower colon while the doctor examines the lining for any abnormalities. Air may be introduced through the scope to help expand the colon and provide a better view. If polyps or other abnormal tissues are found, they can often be removed during the procedure for further examination and testing.

Sigmoidoscopy is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated procedure. Some patients may experience mild discomfort, bloating, or cramping during or after the exam, but these symptoms typically resolve on their own within a few hours.

Rectal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissues of the rectum, which can be benign or malignant. They are characterized by uncontrolled cell division and can invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). The most common type of rectal neoplasm is rectal cancer, which often begins as a small polyp or growth in the lining of the rectum. Other types of rectal neoplasms include adenomas, carcinoids, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Regular screenings are recommended for early detection and treatment of rectal neoplasms.

Nasal mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the nasal cavity. It is a delicate, moist, and specialized tissue that contains various types of cells including epithelial cells, goblet cells, and glands. The primary function of the nasal mucosa is to warm, humidify, and filter incoming air before it reaches the lungs.

The nasal mucosa produces mucus, which traps dust, allergens, and microorganisms, preventing them from entering the respiratory system. The cilia, tiny hair-like structures on the surface of the epithelial cells, help move the mucus towards the back of the throat, where it can be swallowed or expelled.

The nasal mucosa also contains a rich supply of blood vessels and immune cells that help protect against infections and inflammation. It plays an essential role in the body's defense system by producing antibodies, secreting antimicrobial substances, and initiating local immune responses.

Hysteroscopy is a diagnostic procedure that allows healthcare professionals to examine the interior of the uterus (hyster(o)- and -scopy from Greek "womb" + "examination"). It is performed using a hysteroscope, which is a thin, lighted tube with a camera attached to its end. The hysteroscope is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus, enabling the visualization of the uterine cavity and the detection of any abnormalities, such as polyps, fibroids, or structural issues like a septum.

Hysteroscopy can be performed in a doctor's office or an outpatient surgical center under local, regional, or general anesthesia depending on the situation and patient comfort. The procedure may also be used for minor surgical interventions, such as removing polyps or fibroids, or to assist with other procedures like laparoscopy.

In summary, hysteroscopy is a medical examination of the uterine cavity using a thin, lighted tube called a hysteroscope, which can aid in diagnosing and treating various conditions affecting the uterus.

Hydrozoa is a class of predominantly marine, simple aquatic animals in the phylum Cnidaria. They are characterized by having a polyp form, which is typically colonial and sessile, and a medusa form, which is usually free-swimming and solitary. The polyp stage is often modular, with individual polyps being connected by stolons to form colonies. Hydrozoans have specialized cells called cnidocytes that contain stinging organelles called nematocysts, which they use for capturing prey and defense. Some well-known examples of hydrozoans include the Portuguese man o' war (Physalia physalis) and fire corals (Millepora spp.).

A colonoscope is a medical device that is used in a procedure called colonoscopy to examine the interior lining of the large intestine, also known as the colon and rectum. It is a long, thin, flexible tube with a lighted end and a camera that allows the doctor to view the inside of the colon on a video monitor. The colonoscope can also have channels that allow for the insertion of tools to take biopsies or remove polyps. Regular colonoscopies are recommended as a screening method for colorectal cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in many countries.

Stomach diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the stomach, a muscular sac located in the upper part of the abdomen and is responsible for storing and digesting food. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, indigestion, loss of appetite, and bloating. Some common stomach diseases include:

1. Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining that can cause pain, irritation, and ulcers.
2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): A condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn and damage to the esophageal lining.
3. Peptic ulcers: Open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach or duodenum, often caused by bacterial infections or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
4. Stomach cancer: Abnormal growth of cancerous cells in the stomach, which can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated.
5. Gastroparesis: A condition where the stomach muscles are weakened or paralyzed, leading to difficulty digesting food and emptying the stomach.
6. Functional dyspepsia: A chronic disorder characterized by symptoms such as pain, bloating, and fullness in the upper abdomen, without any identifiable cause.
7. Eosinophilic esophagitis: A condition where eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, accumulate in the esophagus, causing inflammation and difficulty swallowing.
8. Stomal stenosis: Narrowing of the opening between the stomach and small intestine, often caused by scar tissue or surgical complications.
9. Hiatal hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the chest cavity, causing symptoms such as heartburn and difficulty swallowing.

These are just a few examples of stomach diseases, and there are many other conditions that can affect the stomach. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing these conditions and preventing complications.

A precancerous condition, also known as a premalignant condition, is a state of abnormal cellular growth and development that has a higher-than-normal potential to progress into cancer. These conditions are characterized by the presence of certain anomalies in the cells, such as dysplasia (abnormal changes in cell shape or size), which can indicate an increased risk for malignant transformation.

It is important to note that not all precancerous conditions will eventually develop into cancer, and some may even regress on their own. However, individuals with precancerous conditions are often at a higher risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. Regular monitoring and appropriate medical interventions, if necessary, can help manage this risk and potentially prevent or detect cancer at an early stage when it is more treatable.

Examples of precancerous conditions include:

1. Dysplasia in the cervix (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or CIN)
2. Atypical ductal hyperplasia or lobular hyperplasia in the breast
3. Actinic keratosis on the skin
4. Leukoplakia in the mouth
5. Barrett's esophagus in the digestive tract

Regular medical check-ups, screenings, and lifestyle modifications are crucial for individuals with precancerous conditions to monitor their health and reduce the risk of cancer development.

Gallbladder diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the function and structure of the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. The primary role of the gallbladder is to store, concentrate, and release bile into the small intestine to aid in digesting fats. Gallbladder diseases can be chronic or acute and may cause various symptoms, discomfort, or complications if left untreated. Here are some common gallbladder diseases with brief definitions:

1. Cholelithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the gallbladder. Gallstones are small, hard deposits made of cholesterol, bilirubin, or a combination of both, which can vary in size from tiny grains to several centimeters.
2. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by obstruction of the cystic duct (the tube connecting the gallbladder and the common bile duct) due to a gallstone. This condition can be acute or chronic and may cause abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
3. Choledocholithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the common bile duct, which can lead to obstruction, jaundice, and potential infection of the biliary system (cholangitis).
4. Acalculous gallbladder disease: Gallbladder dysfunction or inflammation without the presence of gallstones. This condition is often seen in critically ill patients and can lead to similar symptoms as cholecystitis.
5. Gallbladder polyps: Small growths attached to the inner wall of the gallbladder. While most polyps are benign, some may have malignant potential, especially if they are larger than 1 cm in size or associated with certain risk factors.
6. Gallbladder cancer: A rare form of cancer that originates in the gallbladder tissue. It is often asymptomatic in its early stages and can be challenging to diagnose. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, jaundice, or a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if experiencing symptoms related to gallbladder disease for proper diagnosis and treatment.

A hamartoma is a benign tumor-like growth that is composed of an unusual mixture of cells and tissues that are normally found in the affected area. These growths can occur anywhere in the body, but they are most commonly found in the skin, lungs, and brain. Hamartomas are typically slow growing and do not spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). They are usually harmless, but in some cases, they may cause symptoms or complications depending on their size and location. In general, hamartomas do not require treatment unless they are causing problems.

Cnidaria is a phylum of aquatic animals that includes jellyfish, sea anemones, hydra, and corals. They are characterized by the presence of specialized stinging cells called cnidocytes, which they use for defense and capturing prey. Cnidarians have a simple body organization with two basic forms: polyps, which are typically cylindrical and attached to a substrate; and medusae, which are free-swimming and bell-shaped. Some species can exist in both forms during their life cycle.

Cnidarians have no true organs or organ systems, but they do have a unique tissue arrangement with two main layers: an outer epidermis and an inner gastrodermis, separated by a jelly-like mesoglea. They have a digestive cavity called the coelenteron, where they absorb nutrients after capturing and digesting prey. Cnidarians reproduce both sexually and asexually, with some species exhibiting complex life cycles involving multiple forms and reproductive strategies.

The rectum is the lower end of the digestive tract, located between the sigmoid colon and the anus. It serves as a storage area for feces before they are eliminated from the body. The rectum is about 12 cm long in adults and is surrounded by layers of muscle that help control defecation. The mucous membrane lining the rectum allows for the detection of stool, which triggers the reflex to have a bowel movement.

Paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities in the skull that surround the nasal cavity. There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses, including the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinuses. These sinuses help to warm, humidify, and filter the air we breathe. They also contribute to our voice resonance and provide a slight cushioning effect for the skull. The openings of the paranasal sinuses lead directly into the nasal cavity, allowing mucus produced in the sinuses to drain into the nose. Infections or inflammation of the paranasal sinuses can result in conditions such as sinusitis.

The ascending colon is the first part of the large intestine, which is the portion of the digestive system that follows the small intestine. It is called "ascending" because it travels upward from the right side of the abdomen toward the underside of the liver. The primary function of the ascending colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food and prepare waste for elimination.

Duodenal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine that receives digestive secretions from the pancreas and bile duct. These growths can be benign or malignant (cancerous).

Benign neoplasms include adenomas, leiomyomas, lipomas, and hamartomas. They are usually slow-growing and do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bleeding, or obstruction of the intestine.

Malignant neoplasms include adenocarcinomas, neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids), lymphomas, and sarcomas. They are more aggressive and can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, anemia, or bowel obstruction.

The diagnosis of duodenal neoplasms is usually made through imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI, or endoscopy with biopsy. Treatment depends on the type and stage of the tumor and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these modalities.

The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestines, which comes into direct contact with digested food and microbes. It is a specialized epithelial tissue that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune defense. The intestinal mucosa is composed of several cell types, including absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells, and immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

The surface of the intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are joined together by tight junctions to form a protective barrier against harmful substances and microorganisms. This barrier also allows for the selective absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The intestinal mucosa also contains numerous lymphoid follicles, known as Peyer's patches, which are involved in immune surveillance and defense against pathogens.

In addition to its role in absorption and immunity, the intestinal mucosa is also capable of producing hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.

Intestinal neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissues of the intestines, which can be benign or malignant. These growths are called neoplasms and they result from uncontrolled cell division. In the case of intestinal neoplasms, these growths occur in the small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, or appendix.

Benign intestinal neoplasms are not cancerous and often do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body. However, they can still cause problems if they grow large enough to obstruct the intestines or cause bleeding. Common types of benign intestinal neoplasms include polyps, leiomyomas, and lipomas.

Malignant intestinal neoplasms, on the other hand, are cancerous and can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body. The most common type of malignant intestinal neoplasm is adenocarcinoma, which arises from the glandular cells lining the inside of the intestines. Other types of malignant intestinal neoplasms include lymphomas, sarcomas, and carcinoid tumors.

Symptoms of intestinal neoplasms can vary depending on their size, location, and type. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, weight loss, and fatigue. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.

Laryngeal diseases refer to conditions that affect the structure and function of the larynx, also known as the voice box. The larynx is a complex structure composed of cartilages, muscles, membranes, and mucous glands that play essential roles in breathing, swallowing, and vocalization.

Laryngeal diseases can be categorized into several types based on their causes and manifestations. Some common laryngeal diseases include:

1. Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx that can cause hoarseness, throat pain, coughing, and difficulty swallowing. Acute laryngitis is often caused by viral infections or irritants, while chronic laryngitis may result from prolonged exposure to smoke, chemicals, or acid reflux.
2. Vocal cord lesions: Abnormal growths on the vocal cords, such as polyps, nodules, or cysts, that can affect voice quality and cause hoarseness, breathiness, or pain. These lesions are often caused by overuse, misuse, or trauma to the vocal cords.
3. Laryngeal cancer: Malignant tumors that develop in the larynx and can invade surrounding structures, such as the throat, neck, and chest. Laryngeal cancer is often associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
4. Laryngeal stenosis: Narrowing of the airway due to scarring or thickening of the tissues in the larynx. This condition can cause difficulty breathing, wheezing, and coughing, especially during physical activity or sleep.
5. Reinke's edema: Swelling of the vocal cords caused by fluid accumulation in the mucous membrane that covers them. Reinke's edema is often associated with smoking and can cause hoarseness, low voice, and difficulty projecting the voice.
6. Laryngeal papillomatosis: A rare condition characterized by the growth of benign tumors (papillomas) in the larynx, usually caused by HPV infection. These tumors can recur and may require repeated surgeries to remove them.
7. Vocal cord paralysis: Inability of one or both vocal cords to move due to nerve damage or other medical conditions. This condition can cause hoarseness, breathiness, and difficulty speaking or swallowing.

These are some of the common laryngeal disorders that can affect a person's voice, breathing, and swallowing functions. Proper diagnosis and treatment by an otolaryngologist (ear, nose, and throat specialist) are essential to manage these conditions effectively and prevent complications.

Gardner Syndrome is a rare inherited condition associated with a mutation in the APC gene, which also causes Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). This syndrome is characterized by the development of multiple benign tumors called adenomas in the colon and rectum. Additionally, individuals with Gardner Syndrome often develop various types of non-cancerous growths outside the gastrointestinal tract, such as osteomas (benign bone tumors), dental abnormalities, and epidermoid cysts on the skin.

Individuals with this syndrome have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer at a young age, typically before 40 years old, if not monitored and treated appropriately. Other cancers that may develop in association with Gardner Syndrome include duodenal cancer, thyroid cancer, brain tumors (particularly cerebellar medulloblastomas), and adrenal gland tumors.

Regular surveillance through colonoscopies and other diagnostic tests is crucial for early detection and management of potential malignancies in individuals with Gardner Syndrome.

An enema is a medical procedure in which liquid is introduced into the lower part of the large intestine, specifically the sigmoid colon or rectum, through the anus using a special device called an enema kit. The liquid used can be plain water, saline solution, or a medicated solution, and it is typically retained for a short period of time before being expelled.

The purpose of an enema may vary, but it is often used to relieve constipation, prepare the bowel for medical procedures such as colonoscopy, or administer medications or nutrients that cannot be taken by mouth. Enemas can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as to stimulate the immune system or promote relaxation.

It is important to follow proper instructions when administering an enema to avoid injury or discomfort. Possible side effects of enemas may include cramping, bloating, nausea, or electrolyte imbalances. If you have any health concerns or conditions that may be affected by an enema, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before using one.

Colonic diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the colon, also known as the large intestine or large bowel. The colon is the final segment of the digestive system, responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes, and storing and eliminating waste products.

Some common colonic diseases include:

1. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): This includes conditions such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, which cause inflammation and irritation in the lining of the digestive tract.
2. Diverticular disease: This occurs when small pouches called diverticula form in the walls of the colon, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements.
3. Colorectal cancer: This is a type of cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, often starting as benign polyps that grow and become malignant over time.
4. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): This is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel movements, but without any underlying structural or inflammatory causes.
5. Constipation: This is a common condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stools, or both.
6. Infectious colitis: This occurs when the colon becomes infected with bacteria, viruses, or parasites, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

Treatment for colonic diseases varies depending on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include medications, lifestyle changes, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Gastroscopy is a medical procedure that involves the insertion of a gastroscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end, through the mouth and into the digestive tract. The gastroscope allows the doctor to visually examine the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine) for any abnormalities such as inflammation, ulcers, or tumors.

The procedure is usually performed under sedation to minimize discomfort, and it typically takes only a few minutes to complete. Gastroscopy can help diagnose various conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, stomach ulcers, and Barrett's esophagus. It can also be used to take tissue samples for biopsy or to treat certain conditions, such as bleeding or the removal of polyps.

A villous adenoma is a type of polyp (a growth that protrudes from the lining of an organ) found in the colon or rectum. It is named for its appearance under a microscope, which reveals finger-like projections called "villi" on the surface of the polyp.

Villous adenomas are typically larger than other types of polyps and can be several centimeters in size. They are also more likely to be cancerous or precancerous, meaning that they have the potential to develop into colon or rectal cancer over time.

Because of this increased risk, it is important for villous adenomas to be removed surgically if they are found during a colonoscopy or other diagnostic procedure. Regular follow-up colonoscopies may also be recommended to monitor for the development of new polyps or recurrence of previous ones.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows direct visualization of the inner lining of the digestive tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), and sometimes the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). This procedure is performed using an endoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip. The endoscope is inserted through the mouth for upper endoscopy or through the rectum for lower endoscopy (colonoscopy), and the images captured by the camera are transmitted to a monitor for the physician to view.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, such as inflammation, ulcers, tumors, polyps, or bleeding in the digestive tract. It can also be used for therapeutic purposes, such as removing polyps, taking tissue samples (biopsies), treating bleeding, and performing other interventions to manage certain digestive diseases.

There are different types of gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, including:

1. Upper Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy or EGD): This procedure examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
2. Colonoscopy: This procedure examines the colon and rectum.
3. Sigmoidoscopy: A limited examination of the lower part of the colon (sigmoid colon) using a shorter endoscope.
4. Enteroscopy: An examination of the small intestine, which can be performed using various techniques, such as push enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy, or double-balloon enteroscopy.
5. Capsule Endoscopy: A procedure that involves swallowing a small capsule containing a camera, which captures images of the digestive tract as it passes through.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is generally considered safe when performed by experienced medical professionals. However, like any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, perforation, or adverse reactions to sedatives used during the procedure. Patients should discuss these risks with their healthcare provider before undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Computer-assisted radiographic image interpretation is the use of computer algorithms and software to assist and enhance the interpretation and analysis of medical images produced by radiography, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans. The computer-assisted system can help identify and highlight certain features or anomalies in the image, such as tumors, fractures, or other abnormalities, which may be difficult for the human eye to detect. This technology can improve the accuracy and speed of diagnosis, and may also reduce the risk of human error. It's important to note that the final interpretation and diagnosis is always made by a qualified healthcare professional, such as a radiologist, who takes into account the computer-assisted analysis in conjunction with their clinical expertise and knowledge.

Look up polyp in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Polyp may refer to: Polyp (zoology) Polyp (medicine) Polyp (cartoonist) This ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Polyp. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change ...
A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumour on the surface of the cervical canal. They can cause irregular menstrual ... If the polyp is infected, an antibiotic may be prescribed. 99% of cervical polyps will remain benign and 1% will at some point ... Cervical polyps can be removed using ring forceps. They can also be removed by tying surgical string around the polyp and ... Cervical polyps are unlikely to regrow. Cervical polyps are most common in women who have had children and perimenopausal women ...
True polyps are abnormal accumulations of mucous membrane tissue that would normally be shed by the body. Most polyps do not ... Gallbladder polyp types by relative incidence. Photograph of a 6 mm large hyperplastic polyp of the gallbladder. Histopathology ... These cholesterol polyps account for most benign gallbladder polyps[citation needed]. Adenomyomatosis describes a diseased ... Most small polyps (less than 1 cm) are not cancerous and may remain unchanged for years. However, when small polyps occur with ...
An otic polyp is a benign proliferation of chronic inflammatory cells associated with granulation tissue, in response to a ...
A hyperplastic polyp is a type of colorectal polyp. Most hyperplastic polyps are found in the distal colon and rectum. They ... Such polyps have been termed "inverted hyperplastic polyps". They appear to be restricted to the sigmoid colon and rectum. The ... 5 serrated lesions/polyps proximal to the rectum, all ≥ 5 mm in size, with two lesions ≥10 mm >20 serrated lesions/polyps of ... The two main types of hyperplastic polyps are microvesicular mucin-rich type and goblet cell-rich type. A mucin-poor type with ...
Polyp (formerly P. J. Polyp) is the pen name of the cartoonist Paul Fitzgerald, who is based in the UK. Much of his work, ... Polyp (4 September 2009). Speechless: World History Without Words. New Internationalist. Polyp; Seán Michael Wilson; Benjamin ... ISBN 978-1-78026-475-2. "Hire Polyp". www.polyp.org.uk. "Big Bad World". www.goodreads.com. "Speechless novel launched". ... Polyp (2002). Big Bad World: Cartoon Molotovs in the Face of Corporate Rule.Big Bad World: Cartoon Molotovs in the Face of ...
A colorectal polyp is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum. Untreated colorectal polyps can ... The polyps often bleeds and may cause obstruction that would require surgery. Any polyps larger than 1.5 cm needs removal and ... Juvenile polyps are hamartomatous polyps that often become evident before twenty years of age, but can also be seen in adults. ... "Overview of colon polyps". UpToDate. This topic last updated: Dec 10, 2018. Robert V Rouse (2010-01-31). "Hyperplastic Polyp of ...
Juvenile polyps are a type of polyp found in the colon. While juvenile polyps are typically found in children, they may be ... Juvenile polyps occur in about 2 percent of children. In contrast to other types of colon polyps, juvenile polyps are not ... Juvenile polyps are a type of hamartomatous polyps, which consist of a disorganized mass of tissue. They occur in about two ... Compared with sporadic polyps, polyps that occur in juvenile polyposis syndrome tend to have more of a frond-like (resembling a ...
... of all nasal polyps. However, antrochoanal polyps are more common in children comprising one-third of all polyps in this ... On examination, a polyp will appear as a visible mass in the nostril. Some polyps may be seen with anterior rhinoscopy (looking ... Long-term, nasal polyps can cause destruction of the nasal bones and broadening of the nose. As polyps grow larger, they ... Polyps which are sessile in the beginning become pedunculated due to gravity. In people with nasal polyps due to aspirin or ...
A polyp in zoology is one of two forms found in the phylum Cnidaria, the other being the medusa. Polyps are roughly cylindrical ... The cubozoan polyp then eventually metamorphoses directly into a Medusa. The body of the polyp may be roughly compared in a ... In those scyphozoans that have the larval planula metamorphose into a polyp, the polyp, also called a "scyphistoma," grows ... the individual may be either a polyp or a medusa, with most species undergoing a life cycle with both a polyp stage and a ...
Polyps that are pedunculated (with a stalk) are usually less dangerous than sessile polyps (flat polyps). Sessile polyps have a ... Small blood vessels may be present in polyps, particularly large ones. A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp or tumor on ... "Polyps in the colon (large bowel)". Retrieved 2010-04-13. "Colonic Polyps". Retrieved 2010-04-13. "Management of Colonic Polyps ... An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a polyp or lesion in the lining of the uterus (endometrium) that takes up space within ...
... is a 2009 graphic novel by American cartoonist David Mazzucchelli. The title character, Asterios Polyp, is a ... "Some Thoughts on Asterios Polyp". scottmccloud.com Asterios Polyp at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original) (Video) ... Asterios Polyp grew out of a story idea that would have filled the entire fourth issue of Rubber Blanket. It was published as a ... 2010 Harvey Award winners, www.comicsbeat.com, 30 August 2010 Asterios Polyp at the Grand Comics Database Shaw, Dash. "TCJ 300 ...
... recurrence of endometrial polyps is frequent. Untreated, small polyps may regress on their own. Endometrial polyps usually ... An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a mass in the inner lining of the uterus. They may have a large flat base (sessile) or ... The effects of polyp removal on fertility has not been studied. Endometrial polyps are usually benign although some may be ... Pedunculated polyps are more common than sessile ones. Polyps can be surgically removed using curettage with or without ...
Pulp polyps usually show no radiographic apical lesions, however in long standing polyps or in those with extensive pulp ... To differentiate from a polyp of gingival origin, the pulp polyp may be lifted from the walls of the cavity with an excavator ... A pulp polyp may be found in an open carious lesion (tooth cavity), a fractured tooth, or within a cavity with a missing dental ... A pulp polyp, also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis, is a "productive" (i.e., growing) inflammation of dental pulp in ...
... (IFP) is a benign abnormal growth of tissue projecting into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract ... Kolodziejczyk, P.; Yao, T.; Tsuneyoshi, M. (Nov 1993). "Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach. A special reference to an ... The endoscopic differential diagnosis includes other benign, pre-malignant and malignant gastrointestinal polyps. High mag. ... and molecular genetic features of inflammatory fibroid polyps (Vanek's tumors)". Virchows Arch. 456 (5): 491-7. doi:10.1007/ ...
A fundic gland polyp is a type of polyp, found in the fundus of the stomach. Fundic gland polyps are found in 0.8 to 1.9% of ... "Stomach Polyps - Fundic gland polyp". PathologyOutlines.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Topic ... Fundic gland polyp with dysplasia (center), compared to normal mucosa (at right). Naziheh Assarzadegan, M.D., Raul S. Gonzalez ... "Gastric polyps". UpToDate.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Literature review current through: Sep ...
... by Steve Massa at National Film Registry The Sex Life of the Polyp at IMDb The Sex Life of the Polyp is available for free ... The Sex Life of the Polyp is a 1928 short film written and performed by Robert Benchley, based on a routine he first did in ... New York City: W. W. Norton, 1997) ISBN 0-393-03833-5 The Sex Life of the Polyp essay [1] ... documents a dim-witted doctor attempting to discuss the sex life of a polyp to a women's club. This was the second of ...
Tos M, Larsen PL, Larsen K, Cayé-Thomasen P (2000). "Nasal Polyps". In Stamm AC, Draf W (eds.). Micro-endoscopic Surgery of the ... Antro-choanal polyp (benign non neoplastic growth) Rhinosporidiosis (as bleeding point is here too) Malignancy-nasopharyngeal ...
The oral disc of each polyp is broad and has a fringe of tentacles. The polyps can close up and be retracted into the ... The polyps are partially embedded in a cushiony mat of coenenchyme which grows across the rock surface, and which incorporates ... "Aquarium Invertebrates: Zoanthids: Polyps As Cute As A Button". Advanced Aquarist. Pomacanthus Publications. Retrieved 2 August ... ISBN 978-1-4629-0502-7. "Moon Polyps". Animal-World. Retrieved 2 August 2017. Sprung, Julian. " ...
Coral are able to reproduce asexually when one polyp undergoes budding to produce another clonal polyp. A technique called ... Coral polyps have a mutualistic relationship with single-celled algae referred to as zooxanthellae. These algae live in the ... Gorgonian polyps. Photographed in the reef aquarium of aquarist Mike Giangrasso., 2006-08-03, retrieved 2023-03-01 "How Coral ... Once mature, the new polyp colonies can be transferred to damaged reefs. Land-based nurseries, on the other hand, grow coral ...
1990). "The National Polyp Study. Patient and polyp characteristics associated with high-grade dysplasia in colorectal adenomas ... Mauer, K.; Waye, J. D.; Lewis, B. S.; Szporn, A. H. (2008). "The Hairy Polyp: A Benign Teratoma of the Colon". Endoscopy. 21 (3 ... Waye, J. D.; Lewis, B. S.; Atchison, M. A.; Talbott, M. (1988). "The lost polyp: A guide to retrieval during colonoscopy". ... 20: 74-7. Lewis, BS; Waye, JD; Khilnani, MT; Biller, HF (1988). "Fibrovascular polyp of the esophagus". The Mount Sinai Journal ...
Polyps carry filamentous tentacles. This jellyfish feed on various planktonic crustaceans: Cirripedia nauplii, adult Copepods ...
These protect the polyps. Obelia longissima has a wide distribution. It occurs in the Atlantic Ocean as far north as the New ... The polyps of Obelia longissima resemble tiny sea anemones and have a ring of small tentacles which they spread in the current ... The central mouth of each polyp connects to a digestive cavity which is continuous throughout the stem. The diet consists of ...
The POLYPS and PRISM modules could draw maps on a variety of vector display devices. PROTEUS - editing, projections, ... POLYPS - planar choropleth maps; PRISM - raised 3d prism maps. The Laboratory distributed software, and later data, at cost, ...
"Overview of colon polyps". UpToDate. This topic last updated: Dec 10, 2018. :Fleming M, Ravula S, Tatishchev SF, Wang HL ( ... Cancer - Histopathologic image of colonic carcinoid Precancer - Tubular adenoma (left of image), a type of colonic polyp and a ... Gross appearance of a colectomy specimen containing two adenomatous polyps (the brownish oval tumors above the labels, attached ...
... caused by a nasal polyp may be treated by steroidal treatment or removal of the polyp. One experiment, where two people ... Anosmia can also be caused by nasal polyps. These polyps are found in people with allergies, histories of sinusitis, and family ... Ta NH (January 2019). "Will we ever cure nasal polyps?". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 101 (1): 35-39. ... Individuals with cystic fibrosis often develop nasal polyps.[citation needed] Amiodarone is a drug used in the treatment of ...
Rather, they are polyps. The size of oral mucoceles vary from 1 mm to several centimeters and they usually are slightly ...
They treat chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps by reopening the sinus passageways. Ethmoidectomy treats ethmoid sinusitis ... "Nasal polyps and rhinosinusitis". Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 40 (6): 380-384. doi:10.2500/aap.2019.40.4252. ISSN 1539-6304 ... for example nasal polyps, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and chronic rhinosinusitis. It encompasses several types of ...
Polyps have branching tentacles. Color is pale greenish-grey or pink (in rare instances) with lighter tentacle tips. Euphyllia ...
Biology Bullitin, 38, 9 Ivanova-Zazas, O.M. (1975). Class Anthozoa, Coral Polyps. Comparative Embryology of Invertebrates: ... is a simple and straightforward process involving the fertilisation of an egg which evolves into a planula further to a polyp ... Family Phelliidae Family Sagartiidae Family Sagartiomorphidae Family Spongiactinidae Sea Anemones are solitary hexacoral polyps ...
Look up polyp in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Polyp may refer to: Polyp (zoology) Polyp (medicine) Polyp (cartoonist) This ... disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Polyp. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change ...
Nasal polyps are soft, sac-like growths on the lining of the nose or sinuses. ... Nasal polyps are soft, sac-like growths on the lining of the nose or sinuses. ... They cant treat polyps or sinus infections caused by a virus. If medicines dont work, or you have very large polyps, you may ... Large polyps can block your sinuses or nasal airway.. Nasal polyps are not cancer. They seem to grow due to long-term swelling ...
Most colon polyps are harmless, though some can become cancerous. A doctor can diagnose colon polyps with a series of exams. ... Learn how they treat colon polyps and how to prevent them here. ... Colon polyps are common, especially in those over 50 years of ... Malignant polyps. Malignant polyps are polyps that contain cancerous cells. The best treatment for these polyps will depend on ... Most colon polyps are harmless, though some types can become cancerous. Polyp removal is the best way to treat colon polyps and ...
Call 832-826-7500 to make an appointment with a BCM Ob/Gyn specializing in endometrial polyps.... ... Endometrial polyps are small, soft growths on the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). Also known as uterine polyps, ... Tests that may be run to determine the presence of polyps include:. *Pelvic exam (in some cases endometrial polyps may be seen ... Treatment options for endometrial polyps include:. Watch and wait approach. If the polyps are small and not causing symptoms, ...
However, because colonic polyps are highly prevalent in the general population (especially with increasing age), they confer an ... Colonic polyps are slow-growing overgrowths of the colonic mucosa that carry a small risk (< 1%) of becoming malignant. ... Hyperplastic polyps. Hyperplastic polyps comprise about 90% of all polyps and are benign protrusions. They are usually less ... Two other types of benign polyps are hamartomatous polyps, consisting of a mixture of normal tissues, and inflammatory polyps, ...
Learn what to do if you have polyps. ... Polyps are usually abnormal, benign growths of tissue in any ... of polyp-type structures in the gallbladder.. Risks for bladder polyps. You may have a higher risk of bladder polyps if you are ... Here are some of the reasons specific polyps may occur.. Colon polyps. Colon polyps happen. when changes occur in the mucous ... have already had cervical polyps in the past. Risks for nasal polyps. Nasal polyps are more likely to develop in people who ...
... Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Apr;39(4):e80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.11.072. Epub 2011 ...
... non-pedunculated colorectal polyps but recurrence is higher. Selection of lesion is key to choosing procedure, experts say. ... Guidelines note that polyps of 10 mm or less should be removed by the cold snare technique, while those larger than 10 mm ... "However, recent data suggest cold snare might be beneficial in larger polyps of over 20 mm too, finding that there were no ... Cite this: Cold vs Hot Snare of Large Polyps: Less Adverse Events But More Recurrence - Medscape - Oct 18, 2023. ...
However, when Penn researchers looked at human nasal polyps, the number of SCCs lining the polyp tissue was massively increased ... "Source of molecule linked to nasal polyps, asthma attacks." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com. /. releases. /. 2018. /. 05. / ... Source of molecule linked to nasal polyps, asthma attacks. Study could lead to development of new treatments for common sinus ... "Rather, we want to control the excessive concentrations found in polyps in a targeted way, perhaps with a nasal spray," Cohen ...
Learn about the difference between nasal polyps and sinusitis, whether nasal polyps can cause sinus infection, and treatment ... While nasal polyp surgery can provide relief from your symptoms, its possible for polyps to grow back. And you may still need ... Nasal polyps can cause pressure, congestion, and loss of smell. Medication and surgery can both be used to treat them. ... Nasal polyps can cause a sinus infection by blocking how mucus flows between your sinuses and your throat. ...
Nasal polyps are the most common tumors of the nasal cavity. ... Fast Five Quiz: Nasal Polyps * Fast Five Quiz: Nasal Polyp ... Nasal polyps are the most common tumors of the nasal cavity. Approximately 30% of patients with nasal polyps test positive for ... With increased growth, polyps can cause bony destruction because they can exert pressure on bone. Polyps may cause destruction ... In addition, polyps can sometimes arise from inflammation caused by malignant or premalignant nasal lesions. These polyps can ...
BOSTON, Aug. 22, 2010 - The first measurements of healthful antioxidant levels in commercial bottled tea beverages has concluded that health-conscious consumers may not be getting what they pay for: healthful doses of those antioxidants, or "poylphenols," that may ward off a range of diseases.. Scientists reported here today at the 240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) that many of the increasingly popular beverages included in their study, beverages that account for $1 billion in annual sales in the United States alone, contain fewer polyphenols than a single cup of home-brewed green or black tea. Some contain such small amounts that consumers would have to drink 20 bottles to get the polyphenols present in one cup of tea. "Consumers understand very well the concept of the health benefits from drinking tea or consuming other tea products," said Shiming Li, Ph.D., who reported on the new study with Professor Chi-Tang Ho and his colleagues. "However, there is a huge gap ...
The pulp polyp, also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis or proliferative pulpitis, is an uncommon and specific type of ... encoded search term (Pulp Polyp) and Pulp Polyp What to Read Next on Medscape ... Pulp polyp involving the permanent second mandibular molar in a young adult with multiple carious teeth. View Media Gallery ... Pulp polyps involving the primary, first, and second mandibular molars in a young child with extensive dental caries. View ...
... For our previous paper, Where are the polyps? we investigated many types of substrates for the presence of ... When settled, the planula can develop in a polyp or a cyst (depending on species). Polyps look like tiny sea anemones which is ... Van Walraven, L.; van Bleijswijk, J.; van der Veer, H.W. (2020). Here are the polyps: in situ observations of jellyfish polyps ... When conditions improve, a polyp emerges from the podocyst which can release tiny jellyfish into the water. Polyps and ...
The first step in diagnosing colon polyps and colon cancer is a good evaluation. ... Early detection of colon polyps is important since most colon cancer develops slowly from colon polyps. ... Early detection of colon polyps is important since most colon cancer develops slowly from colon polyps. The first step in ... Your doctor may also do a biopsy and remove any polyps found inside your colon. During a biopsy, a small amount of the tissue ...
Colorectal polyps often have no symptoms. When symptoms are present, they can include blood in stool, diarrhea, constipation, ... Colorectal polyps are irregular tissue growths that protrude from mucous membranes on the lining of the large intestine (colon ... The types of polyps that may become cancerous include adenomatous polyps (adenomas), hyperplastic polyps, and sessile-serrated ... Are Colon Polyps Cancerous? *How Long Does It Take for Precancerous Polyps to Turn into Cancer? ...
Antral hyperplastic polyp: A rare cause of gastric outlet obstruction. Int J Surg Case Rep 2014;5:287-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr. ... Portal hypertensive polyp - what is in a name? Indian J Gastroenterol 2013;32:163-4. DOI: 10.1007/s12664-013-0331-4. DOI: ... Portal hypertensive polyps: Distinct entity. Indian J Gastroenterol 2013;32:195-9. DOI: 10.1007/s12664-013-0324-3. [ Links ]. ... Portal hypertensive polyps (PHP) are a recent entity, described in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension, portal venous ...
We will premiere the animated short film Coral Reefs: Polyps in Peril starring ocean advocate Céline Cousteau. Artwork and ... We will premiere the animated short film "Coral Reefs: Polyps in Peril" starring ocean advocate Céline Cousteau. ...
X. New Internationalist is a lifeline for activists, campaigners and readers who value independent journalism. It is free to read online - please support us so we can keep it that way.. Support us » Support us » Support us » ...
Explore colon cancer and colon polyps screening options. ... aided detection of polyps to help the physician identify polyps ... If polyps are detected, your doctor may remove them during the procedure and take samples for biopsies.6 Polyps can be hard to ... Small amounts of blood can be in the stool when polyps or cancers start to form.6 Using a special kit, it can either be ... Colon cancer and colon polyps screening options. Early screening is a way you can protect yourself against colon cancer.3 Some ...
The US presidents doctor says a polyp removed from Joe Bidens colon last week was a benign slow-growing but potentially pre- ... Most colon polyps are harmless, according to Mayos website, but some colon polyps can develop into colon cancer over time. ... The polyp removed from US President Joe Bidens colon last week was a benign slow-growing but potentially pre-cancerous lesion ... The Mayo Clinic defines a colon polyp as a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon. ...
Focused Neoplastic Polyps with stained slides of pathology. ... Peutz-Jeghers polyps), inflammatory polyps and mucosal polyps. ... Non-neoplastic group includes hyperplastic polyps, hamartomatous polyps (juvenile polyps, ... Neoplastic Polyps Introduction: A gastrointestinal polyp is any discrete mass of tissue protruding into the lumen. They can ... Neoplastic Polyps. High Quality Pathology Images of Gastrointestinal: Large Bowel of Neoplastic Polyps. ...
Two benign colonic polyps were removed in 1998 and 1999, while Bush was governor of Texas 1. Bush underwent follow-up ... The Saturday procedure lasted from 7:09 to 7:29 a.m. No polyps were found, no abnormalities were found. 2 Bush woke up two ...
Complete information about Nasal Polyps, including signs and symptoms; conditions that suggest it; recommendations. ... Nasal Polyps are more common in adults than in children.. Polyps are seen with greater frequency in people with asthma, ... Nasal Polyps: Overview. Nasal polyps are the most common benign growths in the nasal cavity. There are many unanswered ... The polyps are smooth, gelatinous, semi-translucent, pear-shaped, and pink to white in color. The polyps originate near the ...
Focally malignant adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android ... Focally malignant adenomatous polyps of the colon and rectum.. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1970 Jul; 131(1):103-14.SG ... Focally Malignant Adenomatous Polyps of the Colon and Rectum. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1970;131(1):103-14. PubMed PMID: 5419954. ... CarcinomaColonic NeoplasmsDiagnosis, DifferentialDiagnostic ErrorsHumansIntestinal PolypsPrognosisRectal NeoplasmsSigmoid ...
California Golden gorgonian polyps. Muricea californica photograph. Photograph #03483 by Phillip Colla / Oceanlight.com. ... California Golden gorgonian polyps. San Clemente Island, USA. Species: California golden gorgonian, Muricea californica. ... Animal > Marine Invertebrate > Marine Invertebrate Anatomy > Polyp. *Location > Oceans > Pacific > California (USA) / Baja ... polyp, san clemente island, sea fan, soft coral, underwater, usa, wildlife ...
Tag archive for Hyperplastic Polyps. Want more amazing articles related to Hyperplastic Polyps? Please subscribe below well ...
Dr Laissues video beautifully captures the polyp of a coral as it slowly emerges in low light. Corals are made up of hundreds ... Staghorn coral polyp (Acropora muricata) emerging in low light. The coral tissue is green, the photosynthetic algae are magenta ... of polyps. Although corals are animals, they also contain photosynthetic algae (visible as small dots in the video) which live ...
A Nasal Polyp is a mass of tissue that abnormally projects out from the membrane covering the sinuses and the inside of the ... nose (nasal mucosa). Such polyps are associated with chronic sinus allergies and Asthma. They are also seen in some patients ...
... Blastomussa wellsi If you would like to be among the first to know when this is available, please ...
  • Nasal polyps are soft, sac-like growths on the lining of the nose or sinuses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When doctors detect polyps early, there is a better chance that they can completely remove the growths without complications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Endometrial polyps are small, soft growths on the lining of the uterus (the endometrium). (bcm.edu)
  • Polyps are tissue growths that most often look like small, flat bumps or tiny mushroom-like stalks. (healthline.com)
  • Nasal polyps refer to growths that line the nasal passageways. (healthline.com)
  • Colorectal polyps are irregular tissue growths that protrude from mucous membranes on the lining of the large intestine (colon) or rectum. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Nasal polyps are the most common benign growths in the nasal cavity. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Surgery may be necessary if medication does not shrink or eliminate the polyps, or if there is suspicion of cancerous growths. (sgh.com.sg)
  • Nasal polyps are fleshy growths inside your nose. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The tube has a camera that can find polyps, or growths that might become cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • The cells can develop benign tumors or growths called polyps. (cdc.gov)
  • Different types of polyps carry different risk factors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Research suggests you may have a higher chance of developing certain types of polyps if you have some genetic changes or a family history of syndromes caused by genetic features. (healthline.com)
  • The types of polyps that may become cancerous include adenomatous polyps (adenomas), hyperplastic polyps, and sessile-serrated and traditional-serrated polyps. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • There are a few different types of polyps, some of which have the potential to become cancerous. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • These are the types of polyps that are sought during a flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • There are two main types of polyps: hyperplastic (minimal cancer potential) and adenomatous (approximately 90% of colon and rectal cancers arise from adenomas). (cdc.gov)
  • Most uterine polyps are noncancerous (benign). (bcm.edu)
  • This is why they can become cancerous, even though most polyps are benign. (healthline.com)
  • The polyp removed from US President Joe Biden's colon last week was a benign slow-growing but potentially pre-cancerous lesion that required no further action, his doctor says in a follow-up memo. (perthnow.com.au)
  • Two benign colonic polyps were removed in 1998 and 1999, while Bush was governor of Texas 1 . (doctorzebra.com)
  • Hyperplastic polyps are benign and do not indicate any future problems with colon cancer , whereas adenomatous polyps are precancerous and, if left in place, can eventually develop into colon cancer. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Nasal polyps (NP) are benign swellings of the mucosal lining of the paranasal sinuses. (bmj.com)
  • In those that received an EMR, 149 patients were found to have benign polyps, and six had cancer. (mdanderson.org)
  • Together, this is known as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRwNP). (healthline.com)
  • Sanofi and Regeneron have unveiled top-line data showing that two late-stage studies of Dupixent in adults with inadequately-controlled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) met all their primary and secondary endpoints. (pharmatimes.com)
  • Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is strongly associated with asthma. (bmj.com)
  • They are invariably associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with the presentation correctly labelled as chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). (bmj.com)
  • Physiological consequences associated with eosinophil-driven remodeling include impaired lung function and reduced bronchodilator reversibility in asthma, and obstructed airflow in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. (lu.se)
  • This review provides an overview of tissue remodeling in both health and airway disease with a particular focus on eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, as well as the role of eosinophils in these processes and the implications for therapeutic interventions. (lu.se)
  • Adenomas, or adenomatous polyps, are not cancerous but they may become cancerous in the future. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Studies indicate that the majority of large adenomatous polyps in women will be missed by using flexible sigmoidoscopy alone. (medscape.com)
  • In the case of multiple intestinal polyps associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), colon resection remains the only feasible option (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • Pathological study described gastric hyperplastic polyps with edema, vascular congestion and smooth muscle hyperplasia without dysplasia or adenomatous changes ( Fig. 2 ). (isciii.es)
  • Colon polyps come in two forms, namely hyperplastic and adenomatous. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • A colon polyp usually is removed if it is adenomatous and larger than 1 cm (0.39 in. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • It is estimated that during one year's time, 1 out of every 400 adenomatous polyps will become cancerous. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • However, because colonic polyps are highly prevalent in the general population (especially with increasing age), they confer an important predisposition to colon cancer and are therefore removed when detected. (medscape.com)
  • Most patients with colonic polyps are asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • chronic bleeding from colonic polyps may cause iron deficiency anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Occult blood in stools (detected by guaiac and antibody-based tests) may be found in a minority of patients with colonic polyps. (medscape.com)
  • A stool occult blood test can detect a proportion (20%-40%) of colonic polyps that are larger than 10 mm in diameter, but this test also suggests the presence of other causes of gastrointestinal blood loss. (medscape.com)
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a good screening test for colonic polyps and is the only procedure or imaging modality to be validated by studies that document a decrease in colorectal cancer mortality. (medscape.com)
  • Colonoscopy is the preferred test to detect colonic polyps, obtain biopsies, and/or perform endoscopic resection. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] Sensitivities for large colonic polyps in the 80%-90% range have been reported. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical resection may be advocated for large, sessile polyps that are difficult to remove endoscopically or for advanced colonic polyps that recur despite adequate initial endoscopic treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with isolated colonic polyps are usually asymptomatic but can experience overt or occult colonic bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • Colonic polyps can occur as part of inherited polyposis syndromes in which their number is greater and the risk for malignant progression is much higher compared to the risk associated with isolated colonic polyps. (medscape.com)
  • Read more about colonic polyps and colon cancer. (healthline.com)
  • Colonic polyps are subdivided into two major groups: non-neoplastic and neoplastic . (webpathology.com)
  • Colorectal polyps, which are polyps in the colon or rectum, are estimated to occur in at least 30 percent of adults who are 50 years old or more in the United States. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Colorectal polyps also occur in children with an estimated 6 percent affected, rising to 12 percent in those who experience intestinal bleeding. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When it occurs in the rectum, people get colorectal polyps. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • COPENHAGEN - Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR) is safer than hot snare (HS)-EMR for the removal of large, non-pedunculated colorectal polyps, but the general recurrence rate after cold snare is higher, the first data from a prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trial (RCT) show. (medscape.com)
  • We hypothesized the superiority of cold snare in comparison with hot snare for the resection of non-pedunculated colorectal polyps of, or greater than, 20 mm," he said. (medscape.com)
  • Colorectal polyps often have no symptoms. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • In addition to a physical examination, colorectal polyps are often diagnosed during screening to check for colon or rectal cancer . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What Is the Treatment for Colorectal Polyps? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Treatment for colorectal polyps involves removing them. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • How Do You Prevent Colorectal Polyps? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • It's not always possible to prevent colorectal polyps, but healthy lifestyle changes may help reduce the risk of developing some types of polys. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Furthermore, treating these cells in a petri dish with the inflammatory molecule Interleukin-13 (IL-13), which has been implicated in driving nasal polyp formation and asthma, stimulated expansion of the SCCs and increased production of IL-25. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A curettage may also be performed - scraping of the uterus to remove the polyps - guided by a hysteroscope. (bcm.edu)
  • Surgery to remove the polyps and infected material is recommended if the medical treatment is not successful. (diagnose-me.com)
  • The surgery is usually performed under general anaesthesia and involves the use of a scope inserted into the nose to help the surgeon as he guides small instruments into the nostril and sinus cavities to remove the polyps, and clear any obstruction which may prevent the flow of secretions from the sinuses. (sgh.com.sg)
  • Malignant polyps are polyps that contain cancerous cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In addition, polyps can sometimes arise from inflammation caused by malignant or premalignant nasal lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Because it takes such a long time for a polyp to become cancerous, colorectal cancer can often be prevented if precancerous polyps (such as adenomas) are detected and removed before they become cancerous ( malignant ). (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Hamartomatous polyps in syndromic settings can show germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes and carry malignant potential. (webpathology.com)
  • Serrated adenomas , which are related to hyperplastic polyps, have malignant potential and are now considered neoplastic. (webpathology.com)
  • In a prospective intervention study of colorectal adenomas, and intermediary stage in colorectal carcinogenesis, 116 polyp-bearing patients received a placebo-controlled daily mixture of beta-carotene 15 mg, vitamin C 150 mg, vitamin E 75 mg, selenium 101 microg, and calcium (1.6 g daily) as carbonate for a period of 3 years with annual colonoscopic follow-up to test if the mixture was able to reduce polyp growth or recurrence. (nih.gov)
  • This talk will describe a study that measured plasma concentrations of the most abundant oxysterols from blood collected at the time of an initial polypectomy to estimate associations with the recurrence of these lesions using data and biospecimens from the Vitamin D/Calcium Polyp Prevention Study clinical trial. (harvard.edu)
  • After surgery, your doctor may recommend the use of nasal steroids to prevent the recurrence of polyps as well as nasal washes to prevent the accumulation of dried mucus or crusting in the nose. (sgh.com.sg)
  • What is chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps? (healthline.com)
  • Over time, chronic rhinosinusitis increases your risk of developing nasal polyps. (healthline.com)
  • Research suggests that about 20 percent of people with chronic rhinosinusitis have nasal polyps. (healthline.com)
  • Nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis frequently occur together. (healthline.com)
  • These target both chronic rhinosinusitis and polyps, and they're considered safe to use in the long term. (healthline.com)
  • Chronic inflammation causes a reactive hyperplasia of the intranasal mucosal membrane, which results in the formation of polyps. (medscape.com)
  • The pulp polyp, also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis or proliferative pulpitis, is an uncommon and specific type of inflammatory hyperplasia that is associated with a nonvital tooth. (medscape.com)
  • Polyps are seen with greater frequency in people with asthma , allergic rhinitis ( hay fever ), vasomotor rhinitis (may be caused by emotional upset or sexual arousal), and certain kinds of drug use, chronic sinus infections, and cystic fibrosis . (diagnose-me.com)
  • Such polyps are associated with chronic sinus allergies and Asthma . (ecureme.com)
  • CRSwNP is a chronic disease in which Type 2 or allergic inflammation causes polyps that obstruct the sinus and nasal passages, leading to severe congestion, nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, and reduced sense of smell and taste. (pharmatimes.com)
  • Polyps are a common concomitant of chronic sinusitis (as well as allergy). (cdlsusa.org)
  • This remedy killed off my chronic sinus infection and started shrinking the polyps as a result. (earthclinic.com)
  • This distinguishes the presentation from chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), which is covered in a separate topic. (bmj.com)
  • About 2/3 of colon polyps are adenomas, which are polyps that may become cancerous. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Neoplastic polyps show epithelial dysplasia by definition and include adenomas and carcinomas . (webpathology.com)
  • Small polyps may not cause any problems. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If you have small polyps, you may not have any symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 2009, the NCCRT convened a workshop to develop an evidence and expert opinion guideline on the management of small polyps. (nccrt.org)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The rectum just above the dentate line is a particularly difficult area to identify potentially precancerous or cancerous polyps at colonoscopy because this location is visualized only with the colonoscope in an awkward, retroflexed position and small polyps at this location can be mistaken for the much more common lesion of internal hemorrhoids. (medscape.com)
  • What Are Endometrial Polyps? (bcm.edu)
  • Also known as uterine polyps, endometrial polyps can irritate the surrounding tissue and cause spotting or vaginal bleeding. (bcm.edu)
  • While the exact cause of endometrial polyps isn't known, they form when there is an overgrowth of tissue in the lining of the uterus. (bcm.edu)
  • What Are the Symptoms of Endometrial Polyps? (bcm.edu)
  • Endometrial polyps often cause no symptoms. (bcm.edu)
  • What Are the Risk Factors for Endometrial Polyps? (bcm.edu)
  • How Are Endometrial Polyps Diagnosed? (bcm.edu)
  • How Are Endometrial Polyps Treated? (bcm.edu)
  • Endometrial polyps can be removed during hysteroscopy , a procedure that uses a tiny telescope (hysteroscope) and thin surgical instruments to view and treat areas inside the uterus. (bcm.edu)
  • Up to 13 percent of endometrial polyps, which occur in the uterus, can also become cancerous. (healthline.com)
  • Endometrial polyps develop in the uterus. (healthline.com)
  • Electric acupuncture has also shown some positive results in the treatment of nasal polyps. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Multiple chemical mediators have been identified in nasal polyps but their significance has not been completely elucidated. (medscape.com)
  • Approximately 30% of patients with nasal polyps test positive for environmental allergies. (medscape.com)
  • The colonoscopy is the gold standard for early detection and treatment of colon polyps. (nationaljewish.org)
  • 6 If a precancerous polyp or abnormality is found, a colonoscopy is recommended to examine the entire colon and rectum, and to remove or biopsy any polyps detected. (medtronic.com)
  • A GI Genius™ colonoscopy allows for computer-aided detection of polyps to help the physician identify polyps using enhanced visualization. (medtronic.com)
  • The GI Genius™ colonoscopy increases the physician's potential for finding precancerous polyps during colonoscopy - and may reduce their risk of missing it, too. (medtronic.com)
  • 10 In addition to scheduling their first screening appointment, adults may want to inquire about precancerous polyp detection rate and ask if their doctor is using GI Genius™ colonoscopy. (medtronic.com)
  • The EMR procedure is a delicate colonoscopy technique performed with an endoscope to remove polyps, while avoiding the need to make surgical incisions in the abdominal wall. (mdanderson.org)
  • A diminutive rectal polyp amidst internal hemorrhoids, detected by rectal retroflexion during colonoscopy, was shown to harbor invasive rectal adenocarcinoma by colonoscopic biopsy. (medscape.com)
  • Initially this lesion had appeared to be a relatively innocuous prominent anorectal mucosal fold and was recognized as a diminutive polyp only after careful rectal retroflexion during colonoscopy. (medscape.com)
  • This report emphasizes that lesions just above the anorectal junction with atypical endoscopic features for internal hemorrhoids should be carefully examined at rectal retroflexion and that polyps or suspicious lesions amidst internal hemorrhoids identified during colonoscopy should be snared or at least biopsied, even if small. (medscape.com)
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer or precancerous polyps detected at colonoscopy is important to improve disease prognosis and provides the rationale for colonoscopy to screen for colon cancer or precancerous polyps when patients are asymptomatic and the lesions are correspondingly less advanced. (medscape.com)
  • NHCRCSP decided colonoscopy was best because polyps can be removed during the test, stopping cancer from happening later. (cdc.gov)
  • Pulp polyps are usually asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
  • Some authors recommend a similar management to that of hyperplastic polyps with endoscopic follow-up of asymptomatic, avoiding the complications of polypectomy (2,4). (isciii.es)
  • Pulp polyps tend to be asymptomatic and are not associated with any significant morbidity or mortality except for gross caries destruction with premature tooth loss in many cases. (medscape.com)
  • In patients with a solitary or a few pedunculated or sessile polyps, colonoscopic removal can be performed concurrently with the search for other lesions. (medscape.com)
  • These lesions are similar to hyperplastic polyps, but with subepithelial vascular alterations histological features. (isciii.es)
  • It is important to distinguish nasal polyps from neoplastic lesions, particularly if symptoms are unilateral. (bmj.com)
  • Complex colon polyps are large or often flat lesions thought too difficult to remove endoscopically based on size or location. (mdanderson.org)
  • Reactive gingival lesions that extend into a large carious lesion of an adjacent tooth may resemble a pulp polyp. (medscape.com)
  • You can't prevent nasal polyps. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To prevent nasal polyps from coming back, doctors may have you keep using a corticosteroid nasal spray. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The polyps can occur alone or in groups. (bcm.edu)
  • Here are some of the reasons specific polyps may occur. (healthline.com)
  • Colon polyps happen when changes occur in the mucous lining of the colon. (healthline.com)
  • They may also recommend a full medical workup to look for other health conditions that often occur with nasal polyps. (healthline.com)
  • Why do sinus infections and nasal polyps occur so often for their children/adults with CdLS? (cdlsusa.org)
  • We can measure levels of IL-25 in the mucus, so it's possible this can be an indicator of who will develop conditions like polyps or asthma," said the study's lead author Michael Kohanski, MD, PhD, a Rhinology Fellow at Penn. (sciencedaily.com)
  • With these data, Dupixent has now been shown to address this inflammation across the complete airway, which manifests in the upper respiratory tract as polyps and congestion, and in the lower airway as asthma," said George Yancopoulos, president and chief scientific officer of Regeneron. (pharmatimes.com)
  • In rare cases a hysterectomy (surgery to remove the uterus) may be recommended to remove cancerous cells or numerous polyps. (bcm.edu)
  • Hyperplastic polyps, or inflammatory polyps, are usually harmless and not a cause for concern with a low malignancy potential . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Non-neoplastic group includes hyperplastic polyps, hamartomatous polyps (juvenile polyps, Peutz-Jeghers polyps), inflammatory polyps and mucosal polyps . (webpathology.com)
  • Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could act to prevent the development of polyps in the colon, which are precursors to most colorectal cancers. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • It was found that nearly 80% of patients with sporadic colon polyps, the type that can develop into common colon cancer, had their polyps disappear or shrink after taking sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), for one year. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Polyp tissue comprises a mixture of loose connective tissue, edema, inflammatory cells (mostly eosinophils), glandular cells, and capillaries. (bmj.com)
  • The findings, published in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy , show that endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is safe and effective for those with complex polyps and could allow more patients to avoid surgery and its associated risks and costs. (mdanderson.org)
  • Tip-in endoscopic mucosal resection for large colorectal sessile polyps. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast to most cases of irreversible pulpitis, the pulp polyp is usually an incidental finding that occasionally mimics reactive and neoplastic diseases of the gingiva and adjacent periodontium. (medscape.com)
  • Endoscopy in an office setting can sometimes be helpful in the diagnosis and evaluation of nasal polyps. (medscape.com)
  • Nasal masses that do not have the classic appearance of nasal polyps (translucent to gray, fleshy and pedunculated) or that do not respond to conservative medical treatment should be biopsied for confirmatory diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • The polyps and tissue can be studied closely to help determine your diagnosis and the best treatment. (nationaljewish.org)
  • People with a prior colon polyp have as much as a 50% chance of developing more colon polyps within three years of their diagnosis. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Diagnosis and appropriate correction of intrauterine anomalies are considered et d'Application en Chirurgie essential in order to increase chances of conception. (who.int)
  • The prevalence of nasal polyps is increased in children with cystic fibrosis and persons with known aspirin hypersensitivity. (medscape.com)
  • Your doctor can help determine if the growth is a polyp by performing a biopsy . (healthline.com)
  • Your doctor may also do a biopsy and remove any polyps found inside your colon. (nationaljewish.org)
  • A tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken of the colorectal polyp to determine if it is cancerous. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Diagnostic accuracy of forceps biopsy versus polypectomy for gastric polyps: A prospective multicentre study. (isciii.es)
  • The colonic mucosa is studded with innumerable sessile and small pedunculated polyps, which involve the entire length of the specimen. (medscape.com)
  • Usually in both sides of the nose, polyps are essentially outgrowths of the nasal mucosa. (diagnose-me.com)
  • A Nasal Polyp is a mass of tissue that abnormally projects out from the membrane covering the sinuses and the inside of the nose (nasal mucosa). (ecureme.com)
  • Pulp polyps involving the primary, first, and second mandibular molars in a young child with extensive dental caries. (medscape.com)
  • The possible role of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction has been hypothesized because of an increased presence and concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) within the pulp polyps when compared with healthy pulpal tissues. (medscape.com)
  • Neurohistology of human dental pulp polyps. (medscape.com)
  • The growth of epithelium, melanocytes, and Langerhans cells on human and experimental dental pulp polyps. (medscape.com)
  • Pulp polyps are reportedly uncommon in the United States, and no epidemiologic studies specifically document the frequency of this entity. (medscape.com)
  • Pulp polyps are uncommon in countries with routine access to dental care, but they are encountered more frequently in developing countries. (medscape.com)
  • In a Brazilian clinical study of traumatized primary teeth, the occurrence of pulp polyps was 2.3% in young children. (medscape.com)
  • Uses an x-ray and contrast dye injected into the uterus to detect polyps. (bcm.edu)
  • But like gastric polyps, they can develop into cancer. (healthline.com)
  • Gastric polyps in patients with portal hypertension. (isciii.es)
  • This study examined treatment outcomes of tip-in and conventional EMR for large colorectal sessile polyps of ≥ 20 mm. (bvsalud.org)
  • Subjects included those with large colorectal sessile polyps of ≥ 20 mm, excluding pedunculated-type polyps , who underwent endoscopic resection between January 2010 and January 2019. (bvsalud.org)
  • This technique is a potential endoscopic treatment alternative for large colorectal sessile polyps of ≥ 20 mm. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is believed to take about 10 years for an adenoma ( precancerous polyp) to turn into cancer . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • 7 Studies show higher precancerous polyp detection, also known as adenoma detection rate (ADR) equate to a decreased risk in development of colorectal cancer. (medtronic.com)
  • Nasal polyps are not cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most colon or bowel polyps are harmless, but some can develop into cancer . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The best treatment for these polyps will depend on the severity of the cancer and a person's overall health. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Polyps grow through rapidly dividing cells, which is similar to how cancer cells grow. (healthline.com)
  • Early detection of colon polyps is important since most colon cancer develops slowly from colon polyps. (nationaljewish.org)
  • The first step in diagnosing colon polyps and colon cancer is a good evaluation. (nationaljewish.org)
  • How Long Does It Take for Precancerous Polyps to Turn into Cancer? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Most colon polyps are harmless, according to Mayo's website, but some colon polyps can develop into colon cancer over time. (perthnow.com.au)
  • The best prevention for colon cancer is regular screening for and removal of polyps,' the clinic advises. (perthnow.com.au)
  • Early removal of the polyp results in a significant decrease in the chances that a patient will develop colon cancer. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • A small number of people with inherited polyp syndromes are at much higher risk than the average person of having polyps and developing colon cancer . (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Although many people will develop colon polyps in their lifetime, most polyps will not develop into cancer. (digitalnaturopath.com)
  • Using the latest advances in endoscopic resection techniques, more than 75 percent of patients with complex colon polyps could avoid surgery for their polyp removal, according to new research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. (mdanderson.org)
  • This case report also illustrates how easily an early cancer in a diminutive colonic polyp can be missed when in difficult areas of colonoscopic inspection, such as behind a colonic fold or immediately above the anus. (medscape.com)
  • This study adds to the prior literature by documenting with endoscopic photographs how deceptively innocuous a diminutive cancer can appear amidst hemorrhoids at colonoscopic retroflexion and the need for careful retroflexion to differentiate a small polyp from adjacent hemorrhoids. (medscape.com)
  • This case illustrates how easily an early cancer in a diminutive colonic polyp can be missed when in difficult areas of colonoscopic inspection. (medscape.com)
  • Most colon polyps are noncancerous and do not often cause symptoms until they are in their later stages. (healthline.com)
  • Nasal polyps can grow anywhere on the lining of the nose or the sinuses. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Removing polyps with surgery often makes it easier to breathe through your nose. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The polyps originate near the ethmoid sinuses (located at the top of the nose on both sides of the nasal cavity) and grow into the open areas of the nasal cavity. (diagnose-me.com)
  • If your nasal polyps are swollen or inflamed due to infection etc, a temprorary relief to this is to crush ICE force it up your nose compacting the polyps :-) I had one the size of a marble in my right nostril for last 2/3 weeks Ice has reduced it considerably. (earthclinic.com)
  • Doctors can tell if you have nasal polyps by looking inside your nose. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the corticosteroid treatments don't work, or the polyps are severely blocking your nose, doctors may do surgery to take out the polyps. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Patients with solitary polyps frequently present with only symptoms of nasal obstruction, which may change with a shift in position. (medscape.com)
  • Minimally invasive approach that uses a tiny telescope (hysteroscope) to examine the uterine lining for polyps. (bcm.edu)
  • Uterine polyps can recur, requiring additional treatment. (bcm.edu)
  • Abnormal uterine findings were de Recherche et d'Application en identified in 95.8% of patients attending hysteroscopy at GESHRTH. (who.int)
  • Distal rectal polyps can be detected by digital rectal examination. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] The current report of invasive adenocarcinoma in a diminutive polyp identified by rectal retroflexion and located just above the dentate line amidst hemorrhoids, illustrates and emphasizes the importance of biopsying suspicious polyps identified by rectal retroflexion despite the small polyp size, the presence of adjacent hemorrhoids, and the difficulty of biopsying in rectal retroflexion. (medscape.com)
  • A colon polyp is a small growth of tissue that projects from the lining of a section of the large intestine known as the colon. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • They can't treat polyps or sinus infections caused by a virus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nasal polyps are often a contributing factor to complicated bacterial sinus infections. (diagnose-me.com)
  • Nasal polyps are often triggered by inflammation, possibly due to a fungal or bacterial infection or an allergic reaction. (healthline.com)