Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).
Failure of the UTERUS to contract with normal strength, duration, and intervals during childbirth (LABOR, OBSTETRIC). It is also called uterine atony.
Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce LABOR, OBSTETRIC at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage, and to assess fetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (ABORTIFACIENTS). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal hormone OXYTOCIN and certain prostaglandins and ergot alkaloids. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p1157)
The final period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the expulsion of the FETUS to the expulsion of the PLACENTA.
A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.
A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.
Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population.
Inflation of a balloon CATHETER within the uterine cavity to control UTERINE HEMORRHAGE.
Childbirth taking place in the home.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.
An incision of the posterior vaginal wall and a portion of the pudenda which enlarges the vaginal introitus to facilitate delivery and prevent lacerations.
A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
The practice of assisting women in childbirth.
An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.
Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.
A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.
Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR.
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.
Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.
The period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the complete dilatation of the CERVIX UTERI to the expulsion of the FETUS.
Abnormal placentation in which all or parts of the PLACENTA are attached directly to the MYOMETRIUM due to a complete or partial absence of DECIDUA. It is associated with POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE because of the failure of placental separation.
Special hospitals which provide care to women during pregnancy and parturition.
The use of embolizing agents to block the arterial blood supply to parts or all of the UTERUS. The procedures are done to control bleeding or to cause destruction of uterine tissues.
Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.
Bleeding from the vessels of the retina.
A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the Tibetan culture.
A condition when the SELLA TURCICA is not filled with pituitary tissue. The pituitary gland is either compressed, atrophied, or removed. There are two types: (1) primary empty sella is due a defect in the sella diaphragm leading to arachnoid herniation into the sellar space; (2) secondary empty sella is associated with the removal or treatment of PITUITARY NEOPLASMS.
A medical-surgical specialty concerned with management and care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium.
A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus.
The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).
A method of stopping internal bleeding or blood flow, or the closure of a wound or body cavity, achieved by applying pressure or introducing an absorbent liquid, gel, or tampon.
The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.
Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).
Artificially induced UTERINE CONTRACTION. Generally, LABOR, OBSTETRIC is induced with the intent to cause delivery of the fetus and termination of pregnancy.
The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Use of a balloon CATHETER to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.
Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.
Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.
The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.
Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.
The body region lying between the genital area and the ANUS on the surface of the trunk, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to this area that is inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM. The surface area is between the VULVA and the anus in the female, and between the SCROTUM and the anus in the male.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country located in South Asia and it does not have a medical definition. If you have any medical question or term that you would like me to define, please provide it and I will be happy to help.
A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.
Excision of the uterus.
A province of Canada on the Pacific coast. Its capital is Victoria. The name given in 1858 derives from the Columbia River which was named by the American captain Robert Gray for his ship Columbia which in turn was named for Columbus. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p178 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p81-2)
In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The flexible rope-like structure that connects a developing FETUS to the PLACENTA in mammals. The cord contains blood vessels which carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.

A strategy for reducing maternal mortality. (1/254)

A confidential system of enquiry into maternal mortality was introduced in Malaysia in 1991. The methods used and the findings obtained up to 1994 are reported below and an outline is given of the resulting recommendations and actions.  (+info)

The presentation and management of post-partum choriocarcinoma. (2/254)

Post-partum choriocarcinoma is a rare complication of pregnancy. We have analysed a series of nine consecutive patients presenting with choriocarcinoma after a full-term non-molar pregnancy. All patients were managed at the Supraregional Trophoblastic Disease Screening and Treatment Centre at Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield between 1987 and 1996. All presented with persistent primary or secondary post-partum haemorrhage. Treatment with multiagent chemotherapy (initially methotrexate, dactinomycin and etoposide) was successful in all cases. Early diagnosis is important because this rare condition is potentially curable with appropriate chemotherapy.  (+info)

Simultaneous occurrence of multiple neoplasms and hyperplasias in the adrenal and thyroid gland of the horse resembling multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome: case report and retrospective identification of additional cases. (3/254)

Neoplastic and hyperplastic disorders that affect multiple endocrine tissues in a single individual are well described in humans but less so in domestic animals. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) in humans is a genetically determined syndrome characterized by the appearance of benign or malignant proliferations within two or more endocrine glands. The primary endocrine tumors that are characteristic of MEN arise from cells that share the capacity for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation. Here we describe the case of a 22-year-old Thoroughbred mare that died during an unattended parturition and subsequently was presented for necropsy at the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. A C-cell (medullary) thyroid adenoma, pheochromocytoma, and multicentric bilateral nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal medulla were present, findings that are remarkably similar to those of human MEN syndrome. Mortality during pregnancy in women with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma is high (approximately 50%), typically because of hypertension and/or hemorrhage associated with catecholamine release from the tumor. Similarly, the mare in this report died of hemorrhage subsequent to parturition. A retrospective evaluation of endocrine tumors in horses that underwent necropsy at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 1987 to 1997 was undertaken to identify additional possible cases of MEN in horses. Data from this retrospective evaluation suggest that coexistence of hyperplasias and neoplasias of the thyroid and adrenal glands, similar to MEN syndrome of humans, also occurs with some frequency in the horse.  (+info)

Complicated third stage of labor: time to switch on the scanner. (4/254)

This Editorial chronicles the current experience in ultrasound usage during pathologic events occurring in the third stage of labor. Further improvement in the technology for carrying out clinical research will improve our knowledge so that more information can be gleaned from this modality to bestow optimal management for such potentially dangerous conditions. Awareness of the capabilities of sonography may provide the motivation for its use, and obstetricians are encouraged to scan the third stage of normal deliveries for better recognition of normal findings and improved assessment of abnormal ones. Although final decisions should be based mainly upon sound clinical judgement, we contend that complicated third stage of labor warrants turning on the scanner.  (+info)

Fetal complications of obstetric cholestasis. (5/254)

Among 56 pregnancies complicated by obstetric cholestasis five intrauterine deaths and one neonatal death occurred between 33 and 39 weeks, and a further six infants required urgent delivery for intrapartum asphyxia. Eighteen spontaneous premature deliveries occurred. Five mothers required specific treatment for unexplained postpartum haemorrhage. Cholestasis of pregnancy is therefore not a condition benign to the fetus, and it may contribute to increased maternal morbidity.  (+info)

The influence of drugs on the kinin-forming system in relation to pregnancy and parturition in the rat. (6/254)

The duration of normal gestation and parturition in the rat can be changed by treatment with drugs which alter the equilibrium of the kallikrein-kinin system. The kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin, when given from Days 19-22 of pregnancy prolongs gestation. Treatment with aprotinin from Days 20-22 of pregnancy prolongs the parturient process, as does a single dose given on the morning of Day 22. Kallikrein, when administered from Days 19-22 of pregnancy, results in a prolongation of gestation and abolishes the pre-parturient behaviour ('labour'). Parturition is prolonged and many fetuses are stillborn. Soya bean trypsin inhibitor when given from Days 19-22 of pregnancy delays and prolongs parturition; maternal haemorrhage occurs during birth and many fetuses are born dead or are abandoned at birth. It is suggested that the kallikrein-kinin system plays a functional role in the normal process of parturition in the rat.  (+info)

Use of methergine for the prevention of postoperative endometritis in non-elective cesarean section patients. (7/254)

OBJECTIVE: Methergine increases constriction of uterine musculature which may facilitate sloughing of endometrial debris, close uterine vessels, and prevent post-cesarean endometritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of methergine in preventing endometritis in patients undergoing non-elective cesarean section delivery. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing non-elective cesarean section were enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial of methergine (41) versus no methergine (39) administration during the postpartum period. The hospital records were abstracted after discharge to compare the postpartum course. RESULTS: There were no significant demographic differences between the two groups. The women receiving methergine had a significant reduction in the rate of postoperative endometritis (10% vs. 36%, P < 0.005). In addition, the mean postoperative hemoglobin was significantly higher in the methergine treated group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of methergine postpartum in women undergoing non-elective cesarean sections significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative endometritis and blood loss.  (+info)

A multicentre randomized controlled trial of oral misoprostol and i.m. syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labour. (8/254)

Postpartum haemorrhage accounts for nearly 28% of maternal mortality in developing countries. Syntometrine is an effective and commonly used oxytocic in preventing postpartum haemorrhage, but it requires a controlled storage environment and i.m. administration. Misoprostol is an orally active uterotonic agent. A total of 2058 patients having a singleton pregnancy, low risk for postpartum haemorrhage and vaginal delivery were randomized to receive either 1 ml syntometrine or 600 microgram misoprostol for the management of the third stage of labour. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean blood loss, the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and the fall in haemoglobin concentration. The need for additional oxytocic injection was significantly higher in the misoprostol group [relative risk (RR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.96], but that of manual removal of placenta was reduced (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.87). Shivering and transient pyrexia were more common in the misoprostol group. Oral misoprostol might be used in the management of the third stage, especially in situations where the use of syntometrine is contraindicated and facilities for storage and parenteral administration of oxytocics are limited.  (+info)

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a significant obstetrical complication defined as the loss of more than 500 milliliters of blood within the first 24 hours after childbirth, whether it occurs vaginally or through cesarean section. It can also be defined as a blood loss of more than 1000 mL in relation to the amount of blood lost during the procedure and the patient's baseline hematocrit level.

Postpartum hemorrhage is classified into two types: primary (early) PPH, which occurs within the first 24 hours after delivery, and secondary (late) PPH, which happens between 24 hours and 12 weeks postpartum. The most common causes of PPH are uterine atony, trauma to the genital tract, retained placental tissue, and coagulopathy.

Uterine atony is the inability of the uterus to contract effectively after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding. Trauma to the genital tract can occur during childbirth, causing lacerations or tears that may result in bleeding. Retained placental tissue refers to the remnants of the placenta left inside the uterus, which can cause infection and heavy bleeding. Coagulopathy is a condition where the blood has difficulty clotting, leading to uncontrolled bleeding.

Symptoms of PPH include excessive vaginal bleeding, low blood pressure, increased heart rate, decreased urine output, and signs of shock such as confusion, rapid breathing, and pale skin. Treatment for PPH includes uterotonics, manual removal of retained placental tissue, repair of genital tract lacerations, blood transfusions, and surgery if necessary.

Preventing PPH involves proper antenatal care, monitoring high-risk pregnancies, active management of the third stage of labor, and prompt recognition and treatment of any bleeding complications during or after delivery.

Uterine inertia is a medical condition that occurs during childbirth, specifically during the second stage of labor. It is defined as the failure of the uterus to contract efficiently and effectively during this stage, leading to prolonged or arrested labor. This can result in complications for both the mother and the baby, such as fetal distress, postpartum hemorrhage, and infection. Uterine inertia can be caused by various factors, including exhaustion of the uterus, drugs that interfere with muscle contractions, or abnormalities in the uterus itself. Treatment typically involves administering oxytocin to stimulate stronger contractions, assisted delivery methods such as forceps or vacuum extraction, or in some cases, cesarean section.

Oxytocics are a class of medications that stimulate the contraction of uterine smooth muscle. They are primarily used in obstetrics to induce or augment labor, and to control bleeding after childbirth. Oxytocin is the most commonly used oxytocic and is naturally produced by the posterior pituitary gland. Synthetic forms of oxytocin, such as Pitocin, are often used in medical settings to induce labor or reduce postpartum bleeding. Other medications with oxytocic properties include ergometrine and methylergometrine. It's important to note that the use of oxytocics should be monitored carefully as overuse can lead to excessive uterine contractions, which may compromise fetal oxygenation and increase the risk of uterine rupture.

The third stage of labor is the period between the delivery of the baby and the expulsion of the placenta. It is also known as the afterbirth stage. This stage is typically completed within 5-30 minutes, but can take up to an hour. During this stage, the uterus continues to contract, causing the separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. Once separated, the placenta is expelled from the body with the help of contractions and a strong push from the mother. It is important for medical professionals to monitor this stage closely to ensure that the entire placenta is expelled and to manage any potential complications, such as heavy bleeding.

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog used in obstetrics and gynecology to prevent and treat ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reduce the risk of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs long term, induce labor, manage postpartum hemorrhage, and cause abortion. It is also used off-label for cervical ripening before gynecologic surgery and to treat miscarriage.

In addition, Misoprostol has been found to be effective in reducing the risk of gastric ulcers and NSAID-induced dyspepsia (upper abdominal pain or discomfort) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory conditions who require long-term NSAID therapy.

It is important to note that Misoprostol should not be used during pregnancy unless under the supervision of a healthcare provider for specific medical indications, such as preventing or treating stomach ulcers in pregnant women taking NSAIDs or inducing labor. It can cause miscarriage and birth defects if taken during early pregnancy.

Retained placenta is a medical condition that occurs when all or part of the placenta remains in the uterus after delivery, instead of being expelled naturally. Normally, the placenta separates from the uterine wall and is delivered within 30 minutes of childbirth. However, if the placenta is not completely delivered, it can lead to complications such as infection, heavy bleeding, and in rare cases, infertility or even death.

Retained placenta can be caused by various factors, including a weakened uterine muscle tone, an abnormally attached placenta, or a retained portion of the membranes. Treatment for retained placenta typically involves manual removal of the remaining tissue by a healthcare professional, often under anesthesia. In some cases, medication may be used to help promote contraction of the uterus and expulsion of the placenta.

It is important to seek medical attention promptly if a retained placenta is suspected, as timely treatment can help prevent potentially serious complications.

Hemorrhage is defined in the medical context as an excessive loss of blood from the circulatory system, which can occur due to various reasons such as injury, surgery, or underlying health conditions that affect blood clotting or the integrity of blood vessels. The bleeding may be internal, external, visible, or concealed, and it can vary in severity from minor to life-threatening, depending on the location and extent of the bleeding. Hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment to prevent further blood loss, organ damage, and potential death.

A cerebral hemorrhage, also known as an intracranial hemorrhage or intracerebral hemorrhage, is a type of stroke that results from bleeding within the brain tissue. It occurs when a weakened blood vessel bursts and causes localized bleeding in the brain. This bleeding can increase pressure in the skull, damage nearby brain cells, and release toxic substances that further harm brain tissues.

Cerebral hemorrhages are often caused by chronic conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure) or cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which weakens the walls of blood vessels over time. Other potential causes include trauma, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, illicit drug use, and brain tumors. Symptoms may include sudden headache, weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision problems, loss of balance, and altered level of consciousness. Immediate medical attention is required to diagnose and manage cerebral hemorrhage through imaging techniques, supportive care, and possible surgical interventions.

"Delivery, Obstetric" is a medical term that refers to the process of giving birth to a baby. It involves the passage of the fetus through the mother's vagina or via Caesarean section (C-section), which is a surgical procedure.

The obstetric delivery process typically includes three stages:

1. The first stage begins with the onset of labor and ends when the cervix is fully dilated.
2. The second stage starts with full dilation of the cervix and ends with the birth of the baby.
3. The third stage involves the delivery of the placenta, which is the organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus during pregnancy.

Obstetric delivery requires careful monitoring and management by healthcare professionals to ensure the safety and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Various interventions and techniques may be used during the delivery process to facilitate a safe and successful outcome, including the use of medications, assisted delivery with forceps or vacuum extraction, and C-section.

Maternal mortality is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes."

This definition highlights that maternal mortality is a preventable death that occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or in the postpartum period, and it can be caused by various factors related to or worsened by the pregnancy or its management. The WHO also collects data on maternal deaths due to direct obstetric causes (such as hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, sepsis, and unsafe abortion) and indirect causes (such as malaria, anemia, and HIV/AIDS).

Maternal mortality is a significant public health issue worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Reducing maternal mortality is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations, with a target to reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.

Uterine balloon tamponade is a medical procedure used to control severe uterine bleeding, also known as hemorrhage. It involves the insertion of a specialized medical device called a tamponade into the uterus through the cervix. The tamponade typically has an attached syringe that allows for the inflation of a balloon at the tip of the device once it is placed inside the uterus.

Once inflated, the balloon exerts pressure against the inner walls of the uterus, helping to compress blood vessels and reduce bleeding. The tamponade may be left in place for up to 24 hours to allow for the formation of a blood clot and control of the hemorrhage. This procedure is often used as a temporary measure to stabilize the patient before more definitive treatment can be provided, such as surgery or medication. Uterine balloon tamponade is a valuable tool in managing postpartum hemorrhage, which can occur after childbirth, and other causes of uterine bleeding.

Home childbirth, also known as home birth, refers to the process of giving birth in a private residence, such as one's own home, rather than in a healthcare facility like a hospital or birth center. Home childbirth is typically attended by a midwife, who provides prenatal care, attends the birth, and offers postpartum care. In some cases, a doctor may also be present at a home birth. It's important to note that home birth is not legal in all countries or regions, and even where it is legal, it may not be covered by insurance. Home childbirth carries inherent risks and should only be considered after careful consultation with healthcare providers.

Pregnancy is a physiological state or condition where a fertilized egg (zygote) successfully implants and grows in the uterus of a woman, leading to the development of an embryo and finally a fetus. This process typically spans approximately 40 weeks, divided into three trimesters, and culminates in childbirth. Throughout this period, numerous hormonal and physical changes occur to support the growing offspring, including uterine enlargement, breast development, and various maternal adaptations to ensure the fetus's optimal growth and well-being.

A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a type of stroke that results from bleeding into the space surrounding the brain, specifically within the subarachnoid space which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This space is located between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater, two of the three layers that make up the meninges, the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord.

The bleeding typically originates from a ruptured aneurysm, a weakened area in the wall of a cerebral artery, or less commonly from arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or head trauma. The sudden influx of blood into the CSF-filled space can cause increased intracranial pressure, irritation to the brain, and vasospasms, leading to further ischemia and potential additional neurological damage.

Symptoms of a subarachnoid hemorrhage may include sudden onset of severe headache (often described as "the worst headache of my life"), neck stiffness, altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, and focal neurological deficits. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further complications and improve the chances of recovery.

Obstetric labor complications refer to any physical or physiological difficulties that arise during the process of childbirth (labor) and can pose risks to the health of the mother, baby, or both. These complications may result from various factors such as pre-existing medical conditions, fetal distress, prolonged labor, abnormal positioning of the fetus, or issues related to the size or weight of the baby.

Some examples of obstetric labor complications include:

1. Fetal distress: This occurs when the fetus is not receiving adequate oxygen supply or is in danger during labor. It can be caused by various factors such as umbilical cord compression, placental abruption, or maternal anemia.
2. Prolonged labor: When labor lasts for more than 20 hours in first-time mothers or more than 14 hours in subsequent pregnancies, it is considered prolonged labor. This can lead to fatigue, infection, and other complications for both the mother and baby.
3. Abnormal positioning of the fetus: Normally, the fetus should be positioned head-down (vertex) before delivery. However, if the fetus is in a breech or transverse position, it can lead to difficult labor and increased risk of complications during delivery.
4. Shoulder dystocia: This occurs when the baby's shoulders get stuck behind the mother's pubic bone during delivery, making it challenging to deliver the baby. It can cause injuries to both the mother and the baby.
5. Placental abruption: This is a serious complication where the placenta separates from the uterus before delivery, leading to bleeding and potential oxygen deprivation for the fetus.
6. Uterine rupture: A rare but life-threatening complication where the uterus tears during labor, causing severe bleeding and potentially endangering both the mother and baby's lives.
7. Preeclampsia/eclampsia: This is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder that can lead to complications such as seizures, organ failure, or even maternal death if left untreated.
8. Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
9. Infections: Maternal infections during pregnancy or childbirth can lead to complications for both the mother and baby, including preterm labor, low birth weight, and even fetal death.
10. Anesthesia complications: Adverse reactions to anesthesia during delivery can cause respiratory depression, allergic reactions, or other complications that may endanger the mother's life.

An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the perineum, the area between the vagina and the anus, during childbirth to widen the opening of the vagina and facilitate the delivery of the baby. It is typically performed when there is a risk of severe tearing or if the baby is showing signs of distress and needs to be delivered quickly. The incision is usually made with scissors or a scalpel, and it can be either midline (cut along the midline of the perineum) or mediolateral (cut diagonally from the vaginal opening toward the side of the buttocks). After delivery, the incision is stitched up.

Episiotomy was once a routine procedure during childbirth, but its use has become less common in recent years due to increasing evidence that it may not provide any significant benefits and can actually increase the risk of complications such as pain, infection, and difficulty with urination or bowel movements. Current guidelines recommend that episiotomies should only be performed when medically necessary and after informed consent from the mother.

Methylergonovine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called ergot alkaloids. It is primarily used to prevent and treat uterine bleeding after childbirth. Medically, it is defined as a semi-synthetic ergopeptide analog with oxytocic properties, which stimulates myometrial contractions and reduces postpartum hemorrhage.

Methylergonovine works by stimulating the smooth muscle of the uterus, causing it to contract. This helps to return the uterus to its pre-pregnancy size and also helps to control bleeding after childbirth. It is important to note that methylergonovine should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can have serious side effects if not used properly.

Midwifery is the health profession that involves providing care to childbearing individuals and their newborns during pregnancy, labor, birth, and postpartum period. Midwives offer a range of services including: conducting physical examinations, monitoring the health of the fetus and mother, providing education and counseling on pregnancy-related topics, managing common complaints and complications, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals when necessary. They promote normal childbirth and work to minimize technological interventions, while ensuring the safety and well-being of both the mother and baby. Midwifery is based on the principles of informed choice, continuity of care, and evidence-based practice.

Ergonovine is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called ergot alkaloids. It is derived from the ergot fungus and is used in medical settings as a uterotonic agent, which means it causes the uterus to contract. Ergonovine is often used after childbirth to help the uterus return to its normal size and reduce bleeding.

Ergonovine works by binding to specific receptors in the smooth muscle of the uterus, causing it to contract. It has a potent effect on the uterus and can also cause vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) in other parts of the body. This is why ergonovine is sometimes used to treat severe bleeding caused by conditions such as uterine fibroids or ectopic pregnancy.

Like other ergot alkaloids, ergonovine can have serious side effects if not used carefully. It should be administered under the close supervision of a healthcare provider and should not be used in women with certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Ergonovine can also interact with other medications, so it's important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before receiving this drug.

Sublingual administration refers to a route of delivering medication or other substances through placement under the tongue, allowing for rapid absorption into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes located there. This method can allow for quick onset of action and avoids first-pass metabolism in the liver that may occur with oral administration. Common examples of sublingual medications include nitroglycerin for angina pectoris and certain forms of hormone replacement therapy.

Oxytocin is a hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including social bonding, childbirth, and breastfeeding. During childbirth, oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions to facilitate labor and delivery. After giving birth, oxytocin continues to be released in large amounts during breastfeeding, promoting milk letdown and contributing to the development of the maternal-infant bond.

In social contexts, oxytocin has been referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle hormone," as it is involved in social bonding, trust, and attachment. It can be released during physical touch, such as hugging or cuddling, and may contribute to feelings of warmth and closeness between individuals.

In addition to its roles in childbirth, breastfeeding, and social bonding, oxytocin has been implicated in other physiological functions, including regulating blood pressure, reducing anxiety, and modulating pain perception.

Placenta previa is a medical condition that occurs during pregnancy where the placenta partially or fully covers the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the birth canal. This condition can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, and it may lead to other complications such as preterm labor and delivery. Placenta previa is typically diagnosed through an ultrasound exam and managed with close monitoring, bed rest, and sometimes cesarean delivery.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a type of stroke caused by bleeding within the brain or its surrounding tissues. It's a serious medical emergency that requires immediate attention and treatment. The bleeding can occur in various locations:

1. Epidural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater (the outermost protective covering of the brain) and the skull. This is often caused by trauma, such as a head injury.
2. Subdural hematoma: Bleeding between the dura mater and the brain's surface, which can also be caused by trauma.
3. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding in the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and surrounds the brain. This type of ICH is commonly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation.
4. Intraparenchymal hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain tissue itself, which can be caused by hypertension (high blood pressure), amyloid angiopathy, or trauma.
5. Intraventricular hemorrhage: Bleeding into the brain's ventricular system, which contains CSF and communicates with the subarachnoid space. This type of ICH is often seen in premature infants but can also be caused by head trauma or aneurysm rupture in adults.

Symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage may include sudden severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, confusion, seizures, weakness, numbness, or paralysis on one side of the body, vision changes, or difficulty speaking or understanding speech. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further brain damage and potential long-term disabilities or death.

A Cesarean section, often referred to as a C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby. It involves making an incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus to remove the baby. This procedure may be necessary when a vaginal delivery would put the mother or the baby at risk.

There are several reasons why a C-section might be recommended, including:

* The baby is in a breech position (feet first) or a transverse position (sideways) and cannot be turned to a normal head-down position.
* The baby is too large to safely pass through the mother's birth canal.
* The mother has a medical condition, such as heart disease or high blood pressure, that could make vaginal delivery risky.
* The mother has an infection, such as HIV or herpes, that could be passed to the baby during a vaginal delivery.
* The labor is not progressing and there are concerns about the health of the mother or the baby.

C-sections are generally safe for both the mother and the baby, but like any surgery, they do carry some risks. These can include infection, bleeding, blood clots, and injury to nearby organs. In addition, women who have a C-section are more likely to experience complications in future pregnancies, such as placenta previa or uterine rupture.

If you have questions about whether a C-section is necessary for your delivery, it's important to discuss your options with your healthcare provider.

The second stage of labor is the active phase of childbirth, during which the uterus continues to contract and the cervix fully dilates. This stage begins when the cervix is completely open (10 cm) and ends with the birth of the baby. During this stage, the mother typically experiences strong, regular contractions that help to push the baby down the birth canal.

The second stage of labor can be further divided into two phases: the latent phase and the pushing phase. The latent phase is the period between full dilation of the cervix and the beginning of active pushing. This phase can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours, depending on various factors such as the position of the baby, the mother's exhaustion, and whether it is the mother's first baby or not.

The pushing phase is the period during which the mother actively pushes the baby out of the birth canal. This phase typically lasts between 20 minutes to an hour, although it can be longer in some cases. The healthcare provider will guide the mother through this process, instructing her when and how to push. Once the baby's head emerges, the healthcare provider will continue to support the delivery of the baby's shoulders and body.

It is important for the mother to receive appropriate support and guidance during the second stage of labor to ensure a safe and successful delivery.

Placenta accreta is a medical condition where the placenta grows too deeply into the uterine wall, beyond the normal depth. In a healthy pregnancy, the placenta attaches to the uterus and provides oxygen and nutrients to the growing fetus through the umbilical cord. However, in placenta accreta, the placental tissue invades the muscle of the uterus, which can cause complications during childbirth.

There are three types of placenta accreta:

1. Placenta Accreta: The placenta attaches too deeply into the uterine wall but does not penetrate the uterine muscle.
2. Placenta Increta: The placenta grows into and partially penetrates the uterine muscle.
3. Placenta Percreta: The placenta fully penetrates the uterine muscle and can grow into nearby organs, such as the bladder or bowel.

Placenta accreta is a serious condition that can cause severe bleeding during childbirth, which may require an emergency hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) to control the bleeding. It is more common in women who have had previous cesarean sections or other uterine surgeries.

A maternity hospital, also known as a birthing center or maternity ward in a general hospital, is a healthcare institution specifically designed to provide care and services for women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. These facilities have specialized medical staff, equipment, and resources to manage both normal and high-risk pregnancies, deliveries, and newborn care.

Maternity hospitals offer various services, including:

1. Antenatal care: Regular check-ups during pregnancy to monitor the health of the mother and fetus, provide necessary vaccinations, screen for potential complications, and offer education on pregnancy, childbirth, and newborn care.
2. Intrapartum care: Monitoring and support during labor and delivery, including pain management options, epidural anesthesia, and assisted vaginal deliveries using forceps or vacuum extraction, if necessary.
3. Obstetric surgery: Access to cesarean sections (C-sections) and other surgical interventions in case of complications or emergencies during childbirth.
4. Neonatal care: Immediate care for newborns, including resuscitation, monitoring, and treatment for any medical conditions or abnormalities. Some maternity hospitals have specialized neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to provide advanced care for premature or critically ill newborns.
5. Postpartum care: Support and guidance for mothers during the recovery period after childbirth, including breastfeeding assistance, emotional support, and family planning counseling.
6. Education and counseling: Providing expectant parents with information on pregnancy, childbirth, parenting skills, and family planning. This may include prenatal classes, lactation consultations, and support groups.

Maternity hospitals prioritize the safety and well-being of both mother and baby, ensuring that they receive high-quality medical care and support throughout the childbearing process.

Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat certain conditions related to the uterus and uterine fibroids. The procedure involves blocking or reducing the blood flow to the fibroids, causing them to shrink and alleviating symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pain, and pressure.

During the procedure, an interventional radiologist makes a small incision in the groin area and inserts a catheter into the femoral artery. The catheter is then guided to the uterine arteries using fluoroscopic imaging. Once in place, tiny particles are injected through the catheter to block or reduce the blood flow to the fibroids. This process may be performed on one or both uterine arteries, depending on the location and size of the fibroids.

UAE is typically an outpatient procedure, and most women can return home the same day. Recovery time varies but is generally shorter than that of a hysterectomy, which is the surgical removal of the uterus. Potential risks associated with UAE include infection, bleeding, damage to nearby organs, and premature menopause in some cases. However, these complications are relatively rare.

Pregnancy complications refer to any health problems that arise during pregnancy which can put both the mother and the baby at risk. These complications may occur at any point during the pregnancy, from conception until childbirth. Some common pregnancy complications include:

1. Gestational diabetes: a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who did not have diabetes before becoming pregnant.
2. Preeclampsia: a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver or kidneys.
3. Placenta previa: a condition where the placenta covers the cervix, which can cause bleeding and may require delivery via cesarean section.
4. Preterm labor: when labor begins before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to premature birth and other complications.
5. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): a condition where the fetus does not grow at a normal rate inside the womb.
6. Multiple pregnancies: carrying more than one baby, such as twins or triplets, which can increase the risk of premature labor and other complications.
7. Rh incompatibility: a condition where the mother's blood type is different from the baby's, which can cause anemia and jaundice in the newborn.
8. Pregnancy loss: including miscarriage, stillbirth, or ectopic pregnancy, which can be emotionally devastating for the parents.

It is important to monitor pregnancy closely and seek medical attention promptly if any concerning symptoms arise. With proper care and management, many pregnancy complications can be treated effectively, reducing the risk of harm to both the mother and the baby.

A retinal hemorrhage is a type of bleeding that occurs in the blood vessels of the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. This condition can result from various underlying causes, including diabetes, high blood pressure, age-related macular degeneration, or trauma to the eye. Retinal hemorrhages can be categorized into different types based on their location and appearance, such as dot and blot hemorrhages, flame-shaped hemorrhages, or subhyaloid hemorrhages. Depending on the severity and cause of the hemorrhage, treatment options may vary from monitoring to laser therapy, medication, or even surgery. It is essential to consult an ophthalmologist for a proper evaluation and management plan if you suspect a retinal hemorrhage.

Tibetan traditional medicine, also known as Sowa Rigpa, is a form of traditional healing practiced in Tibet, Mongolia, Bhutan, India, Nepal, and parts of Russia for over 2500 years. It is a holistic medical system that combines spiritual, philosophical, and religious principles with an empirical understanding of the body, diseases, and natural remedies.

Tibetan traditional medicine recognizes three main energies or "nyespa" in the human body: lung (wind), tripa (bile), and peken (phlegm). These energies are responsible for maintaining balance and health in the body. Illness occurs when there is an imbalance or blockage of these energies, leading to physical or mental disorders.

The treatment methods used in Tibetan traditional medicine include a variety of therapies such as herbal remedies, dietary recommendations, lifestyle changes, external therapies (such as moxibustion, cupping, and acupuncture), and spiritual practices. The medicines are derived from natural sources such as plants, minerals, and animals.

The diagnosis in Tibetan traditional medicine is based on a detailed examination of the patient's pulse, urine, tongue, and physical appearance, as well as their medical history and lifestyle factors. This comprehensive approach allows practitioners to identify the underlying causes of illness and develop personalized treatment plans for each individual.

Empty Sella Syndrome is a condition characterized by the absence or near-absence of the pituitary gland in the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the skull that houses the pituitary gland. This can occur due to the herniation of the arachnoid membrane, which surrounds the brain and spinal cord, into the sella turcica, compressing or replacing the pituitary gland.

In some cases, Empty Sella Syndrome may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on imaging studies. However, in other cases, it can lead to hormonal imbalances due to the disruption of the pituitary gland's function. Symptoms may include headaches, vision changes, menstrual irregularities, fatigue, and decreased libido. Treatment typically involves addressing any underlying hormonal deficiencies with medication or hormone replacement therapy.

Obstetrics is a branch of medicine and surgery concerned with the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. It involves managing potential complications that may arise during any stage of pregnancy or delivery, as well as providing advice and guidance on prenatal care, labor and delivery, and postpartum care. Obstetricians are medical doctors who specialize in obstetrics and can provide a range of services including routine check-ups, ultrasounds, genetic testing, and other diagnostic procedures to monitor the health and development of the fetus. They also perform surgical procedures such as cesarean sections when necessary.

The uterine artery is a paired branch of the internal iliac (hip) artery that supplies blood to the uterus and vagina. It anastomoses (joins) with the ovarian artery to form a rich vascular network that nourishes the female reproductive organs. The right and left uterine arteries run along the sides of the uterus, where they divide into several branches to supply oxygenated blood and nutrients to the myometrium (uterine muscle), endometrium (lining), and cervix. These arteries undergo significant changes in size and structure during pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetus and placenta, making them crucial for maintaining a healthy pregnancy.

'Labor, Obstetric' refers to the physiological process that occurs during childbirth, leading to the expulsion of the fetus from the uterus. It is divided into three stages:

1. The first stage begins with the onset of regular contractions and cervical dilation and effacement (thinning and shortening) until full dilation is reached (approximately 10 cm). This stage can last from hours to days, particularly in nulliparous women (those who have not given birth before).
2. The second stage starts with complete cervical dilation and ends with the delivery of the baby. During this stage, the mother experiences strong contractions that help push the fetus down the birth canal. This stage typically lasts from 20 minutes to two hours but can take longer in some cases.
3. The third stage involves the delivery of the placenta (afterbirth) and membranes, which usually occurs within 15-30 minutes after the baby's birth. However, it can sometimes take up to an hour for the placenta to be expelled completely.

Obstetric labor is a complex process that requires careful monitoring and management by healthcare professionals to ensure the safety and well-being of both the mother and the baby.

Endotamponade is a medical term that refers to the use of an internal tamponade in ophthalmology, specifically in the treatment of certain eye conditions such as retinal detachment or severe ocular trauma.

In this procedure, a gas or liquid material is injected into the vitreous cavity (the space inside the eye between the lens and the retina) to help reattach the retina to the wall of the eye or to control bleeding inside the eye. The tamponading agent presses against the retina, holding it in place and preventing further fluid from accumulating under it, which can help promote healing and prevent further damage.

The choice of tamponade material depends on the specific condition being treated. For example, a gas bubble may be used for retinal detachment, while silicone oil may be used for more complex cases or where a longer-lasting tamponade is required. The gas or liquid is usually injected through a small incision in the eye and may be left in place for several weeks or months, depending on the individual case.

Overall, endotamponade is an important technique in the management of various retinal disorders and can help preserve vision and prevent blindness in certain cases.

Parturition is the process of giving birth, or the act of delivering newborn offspring. In medical terms, it refers to the expulsion of the products of conception (such as the fetus, placenta, and membranes) from the uterus of a pregnant woman during childbirth. This process is regulated by hormonal changes and involves complex interactions between the mother's body and the developing fetus. Parturition typically occurs after a full-term pregnancy, which is approximately 40 weeks in humans.

Eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by the onset of seizures or convulsions in a woman who has already developed preeclampsia, which is a condition marked by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the liver and kidneys. Eclampsia can occur before, during, or after delivery and is considered a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. It can pose significant risks to both the mother and the baby, including premature birth, fetal growth restriction, and even maternal and fetal death.

The exact causes of eclampsia are not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to problems with the placenta and abnormal blood vessel development in the uterus. Risk factors for developing eclampsia include preexisting medical conditions such as chronic hypertension or diabetes, a history of preeclampsia or eclampsia in previous pregnancies, multiple gestation (carrying more than one baby), and certain genetic factors.

Treatment for eclampsia typically involves delivering the baby as soon as possible to prevent further complications. In some cases, medication may be given to manage seizures and prevent their recurrence. Close monitoring of both the mother and the baby is essential to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Induced labor refers to the initiation of labor before it begins spontaneously, which is usually achieved through medical intervention. This process is initiated when there is a medically indicated reason to deliver the baby, such as maternal or fetal compromise, prolonged pregnancy, or reduced fetal movement. The most common methods used to induce labor include membrane stripping, prostaglandin administration, and oxytocin infusion. It's important to note that induced labor carries certain risks, including a higher chance of uterine hyperstimulation, infection, and the need for assisted vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Therefore, it should only be performed under the close supervision of a healthcare provider in a clinical setting.

The uterus, also known as the womb, is a hollow, muscular organ located in the female pelvic cavity, between the bladder and the rectum. It has a thick, middle layer called the myometrium, which is composed of smooth muscle tissue, and an inner lining called the endometrium, which provides a nurturing environment for the fertilized egg to develop into a fetus during pregnancy.

The uterus is where the baby grows and develops until it is ready for birth through the cervix, which is the lower, narrow part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. The uterus plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle as well, by shedding its lining each month if pregnancy does not occur.

Balloon occlusion is a medical procedure that involves the use of a small, deflated balloon at the end of a catheter, which can be inserted into a blood vessel or other tubular structure in the body. Once the balloon is in position, it is inflated with a fluid or gas to create a blockage or obstruction in the vessel. This can be used for various medical purposes, such as:

1. Controlling bleeding: By inflating the balloon in a blood vessel, doctors can temporarily stop the flow of blood to a specific area, allowing them to treat injuries or abnormalities that are causing excessive bleeding.
2. Vessel narrowing or blockage assessment: Balloon occlusion can be used to assess the severity of narrowing or blockages in blood vessels. By inflating the balloon and measuring the pressure differences upstream and downstream, doctors can determine the extent of the obstruction and plan appropriate treatment.
3. Embolization therapy: In some cases, balloon occlusion is used to deliver embolic agents (such as coils, particles, or glue) that block off blood flow to specific areas. This can be useful in treating conditions like tumors, arteriovenous malformations, or aneurysms.
4. Temporary vessel occlusion during surgery: During certain surgical procedures, it may be necessary to temporarily stop the flow of blood to a specific area. Balloon occlusion can be used to achieve this quickly and safely.
5. Assisting in the placement of stents or other devices: Balloon occlusion can help position and deploy stents or other medical devices by providing temporary support or blocking off blood flow during the procedure.

It is important to note that balloon occlusion procedures carry potential risks, such as vessel injury, infection, or embolism (the blockage of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign material). These risks should be carefully weighed against the benefits when considering this type of treatment.

Pregnancy outcome refers to the final result or status of a pregnancy, including both the health of the mother and the newborn baby. It can be categorized into various types such as:

1. Live birth: The delivery of one or more babies who show signs of life after separation from their mother.
2. Stillbirth: The delivery of a baby who has died in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
3. Miscarriage: The spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before the 20th week.
4. Abortion: The intentional termination of a pregnancy before the fetus can survive outside the uterus.
5. Ectopic pregnancy: A pregnancy that develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube, which is not viable and requires medical attention.
6. Preterm birth: The delivery of a baby before 37 weeks of gestation, which can lead to various health issues for the newborn.
7. Full-term birth: The delivery of a baby between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation.
8. Post-term pregnancy: The delivery of a baby after 42 weeks of gestation, which may increase the risk of complications for both mother and baby.

The pregnancy outcome is influenced by various factors such as maternal age, health status, lifestyle habits, genetic factors, and access to quality prenatal care.

Gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is a term used to describe any bleeding that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. The bleeding can range from mild to severe and can produce symptoms such as vomiting blood, passing black or tarry stools, or having low blood pressure.

GI hemorrhage can be classified as either upper or lower, depending on the location of the bleed. Upper GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs above the ligament of Treitz, which is a point in the small intestine where it becomes narrower and turns a corner. Common causes of upper GI hemorrhage include gastritis, ulcers, esophageal varices, and Mallory-Weiss tears.

Lower GI hemorrhage refers to bleeding that occurs below the ligament of Treitz. Common causes of lower GI hemorrhage include diverticulosis, colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and vascular abnormalities such as angiodysplasia.

The diagnosis of GI hemorrhage is often made based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as endoscopy, CT scan, or radionuclide scanning. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the bleeding and may include medications, endoscopic procedures, surgery, or a combination of these approaches.

Hypopituitarism is a medical condition characterized by deficient secretion of one or more hormones produced by the pituitary gland, a small endocrine gland located at the base of the brain. The pituitary gland controls several other endocrine glands in the body, including the thyroid, adrenals, and sex glands (ovaries and testes).

Hypopituitarism can result from damage to the pituitary gland due to various causes such as tumors, surgery, radiation therapy, trauma, or inflammation. In some cases, hypopituitarism may also be caused by a dysfunction of the hypothalamus, a region in the brain that regulates the pituitary gland's function.

The symptoms and signs of hypopituitarism depend on which hormones are deficient and can include fatigue, weakness, decreased appetite, weight loss, low blood pressure, decreased sex drive, infertility, irregular menstrual periods, intolerance to cold, constipation, thinning hair, dry skin, and depression.

Treatment of hypopituitarism typically involves hormone replacement therapy to restore the deficient hormones' normal levels. The type and dosage of hormones used will depend on which hormones are deficient and may require regular monitoring and adjustments over time.

In medical terms, sutures are specialized surgical threads made from various materials such as absorbable synthetic or natural fibers, or non-absorbable materials like nylon or silk. They are used to approximate and hold together the edges of a wound or incision in the skin or other tissues during the healing process. Sutures come in different sizes, types, and shapes, each designed for specific uses and techniques depending on the location and type of tissue being sutured. Properly placed sutures help to promote optimal healing, minimize scarring, and reduce the risk of infection or other complications.

A Vitreous Hemorrhage is a medical condition where there is bleeding into the vitreous cavity of the eye. The vitreous cavity is the space in the eye that is filled with a clear, gel-like substance called the vitreous humor. This substance helps to maintain the shape of the eye and transmit light to the retina.

When a vitreous hemorrhage occurs, blood cells from the bleeding mix with the vitreous humor, causing it to become cloudy or hazy. As a result, vision can become significantly impaired, ranging from mildly blurry to complete loss of vision depending on the severity of the bleed.

Vitreous hemorrhages can occur due to various reasons such as trauma, retinal tears or detachments, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and other eye conditions that affect the blood vessels in the eye. Treatment for vitreous hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause and may include observation, laser surgery, or vitrectomy (a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous humor and stop the bleeding).

A blood transfusion is a medical procedure in which blood or its components are transferred from one individual (donor) to another (recipient) through a vein. The donated blood can be fresh whole blood, packed red blood cells, platelets, plasma, or cryoprecipitate, depending on the recipient's needs. Blood transfusions are performed to replace lost blood due to severe bleeding, treat anemia, support patients undergoing major surgeries, or manage various medical conditions such as hemophilia, thalassemia, and leukemia. The donated blood must be carefully cross-matched with the recipient's blood type to minimize the risk of transfusion reactions.

Maternal health services refer to the preventative, diagnostic, and treatment-based healthcare services provided during pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal period. These services aim to ensure the best possible health outcomes for mothers throughout their reproductive years, including family planning, preconception care, antenatal care, delivery, postpartum care, and management of chronic conditions or complications that may arise during pregnancy and childbirth.

The World Health Organization (WHO) outlines several critical components of maternal health services:

1. Antenatal care: Regular check-ups to monitor the mother's and fetus's health, identify potential risks, provide essential interventions, and offer counseling on nutrition, breastfeeding, and birth preparedness.
2. Delivery care: Skilled attendance during childbirth, including normal vaginal delivery and assisted deliveries (forceps or vacuum extraction), and access to emergency obstetric care for complications such as hemorrhage, eclampsia, obstructed labor, and sepsis.
3. Postnatal care: Continuum of care for mothers and newborns during the first six weeks after childbirth, focusing on recovery, early detection and management of complications, immunization, family planning, and psychosocial support.
4. Family planning: Access to modern contraceptive methods, counseling on fertility awareness, and safe abortion services where legal, to enable women to plan their pregnancies and space their children according to their reproductive intentions.
5. Management of chronic conditions: Comprehensive care for pregnant women with pre-existing or pregnancy-induced medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and mental health disorders.
6. Preconception care: Identification and management of risk factors before conception to optimize maternal and fetal health outcomes.
7. Prevention and management of gender-based violence: Screening, counseling, and referral services for women experiencing intimate partner violence or sexual violence during pregnancy and childbirth.
8. Health promotion and education: Community-based interventions to raise awareness about the importance of maternal health, promote positive health behaviors, and reduce barriers to accessing healthcare services.

Maternal health services should be accessible, affordable, acceptable, and equitable for all women, regardless of their age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or geographical location. Adequate investment in maternal health infrastructure, human resources, and service delivery models is essential to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.

An eye hemorrhage, also known as subconjunctival hemorrhage, is a condition where there is bleeding in the eye, specifically under the conjunctiva which is the clear membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera). This membrane has tiny blood vessels that can rupture and cause blood to accumulate, leading to a visible red patch on the surface of the eye.

Eye hemorrhages are usually painless and harmless, and they often resolve on their own within 1-2 weeks without any treatment. However, if they occur frequently or are accompanied by other symptoms such as vision changes, pain, or sensitivity to light, it is important to seek medical attention as they could indicate a more serious underlying condition. Common causes of eye hemorrhages include trauma, high blood pressure, blood thinners, and aging.

The perineum is the region between the anus and the genitals. In anatomical terms, it refers to the diamond-shaped area located in the lower part of the pelvis and extends from the coccyx (tailbone) to the pubic symphysis, which is the joint in the front where the two pubic bones meet. This region contains various muscles that support the pelvic floor and contributes to maintaining urinary and fecal continence. The perineum can be further divided into two triangular regions: the urogenital triangle (anterior) and the anal triangle (posterior).

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Pakistan" is a country in South Asia and not a medical term or condition. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "France" is not a medical term or concept. France is the largest country in Western Europe and the third-largest in Europe after Russia and Ukraine. It has been a major player in world affairs for centuries, with a significant cultural and artistic influence. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those for you.

A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus (womb). Depending on the specific medical condition and necessity, a hysterectomy may also include the removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding tissues. There are different types of hysterectomies, including:

1. Total hysterectomy: The uterus and cervix are removed.
2. Supracervical (or subtotal) hysterectomy: Only the upper part of the uterus is removed, leaving the cervix intact.
3. Radical hysterectomy: This procedure involves removing the uterus, cervix, surrounding tissues, and the upper part of the vagina. It is typically performed in cases of cervical cancer.
4. Oophorectomy: The removal of one or both ovaries can be performed along with a hysterectomy depending on the patient's medical condition and age.
5. Salpingectomy: The removal of one or both fallopian tubes can also be performed along with a hysterectomy if needed.

The reasons for performing a hysterectomy may include but are not limited to: uterine fibroids, heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, adenomyosis, pelvic prolapse, cervical or uterine cancer, and chronic pelvic pain. The choice of the type of hysterectomy depends on the patient's medical condition, age, and personal preferences.

British Columbia is a province located on the west coast of Canada. It is not a medical term or concept. The province has a diverse geography, with mountains, forests, and coastal areas. Its largest city is Vancouver, and its capital is Victoria. The province is known for its natural beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities, as well as its vibrant cities and cultural attractions. It is home to a number of medical facilities and healthcare providers, and the provincial government plays a role in regulating and funding healthcare services within the province.

The postpartum period refers to the time frame immediately following childbirth, typically defined as the first 6-12 weeks. During this time, significant physical and emotional changes occur as the body recovers from pregnancy and delivery. Hormone levels fluctuate dramatically, leading to various symptoms such as mood swings, fatigue, and breast engorgement. The reproductive system also undergoes significant changes, with the uterus returning to its pre-pregnancy size and shape, and the cervix closing.

It is essential to monitor physical and emotional health during this period, as complications such as postpartum depression, infection, or difficulty breastfeeding may arise. Regular check-ups with healthcare providers are recommended to ensure a healthy recovery and address any concerns. Additionally, proper rest, nutrition, and support from family and friends can help facilitate a smooth transition into this new phase of life.

Therapeutic embolization is a medical procedure that involves intentionally blocking or obstructing blood vessels to stop excessive bleeding or block the flow of blood to a tumor or abnormal tissue. This is typically accomplished by injecting small particles, such as microspheres or coils, into the targeted blood vessel through a catheter, which is inserted into a larger blood vessel and guided to the desired location using imaging techniques like X-ray or CT scanning. The goal of therapeutic embolization is to reduce the size of a tumor, control bleeding, or block off abnormal blood vessels that are causing problems.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

The umbilical cord is a flexible, tube-like structure that connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the uterus during pregnancy. It arises from the abdomen of the fetus and transports essential nutrients, oxygen, and blood from the mother's circulation to the growing baby. Additionally, it carries waste products, such as carbon dioxide, from the fetus back to the placenta for elimination. The umbilical cord is primarily composed of two arteries (the umbilical arteries) and one vein (the umbilical vein), surrounded by a protective gelatinous substance called Wharton's jelly, and enclosed within a fibrous outer covering known as the umbilical cord coating. Following birth, the umbilical cord is clamped and cut, leaving behind the stump that eventually dries up and falls off, resulting in the baby's belly button.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Morbidity, in medical terms, refers to the state or condition of being diseased or unhealthy. It is used to describe the incidence or prevalence of a particular disease or health condition within a population, or the presence of multiple diseases or health conditions in an individual. Morbidity can also refer to the complications or symptoms associated with a disease or injury. In clinical settings, morbidity may be used to assess a patient's overall health status and their response to treatment.

... or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood ... "Overview of postpartum hemorrhage". Archived from the original on 2015-01-15. Peña-Martí, G; Comunián-Carrasco, G (17 October ... Weeks, A (January 2015). "The prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: what do we know, and where do we go to next ... Postpartum hemorrhage and the B-Lynch technique (Webarchive template wayback links, Articles with short description, Short ...
Within maternal deaths due to haemorrhage, two-thirds are caused by postpartum haemorrhage. The causes of postpartum ... Mathai M, Gülmezoglu AM, Hill S (2007). WHO recommendations for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PDF) (Report). Geneva ... Bienstock, Jessica L.; Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Hueppchen, Nancy A. (29 April 2021). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The New England ... Postpartum depression is different from the "baby blues". With postpartum depression, feelings of sadness and anxiety can be ...
Severe acute bleeding, such as caused by ectopic pregnancy and post-partum hemorrhage, leads to hypovolemia (the depletion of ... "Postpartum Hemorrhage". Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 20 (4): 266-273. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2017.10.007. ...
Andersen, H. Frank; Hopkins, Michael P. (2009). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The Global Library of Women's Medicine. doi:10.3843/ ... Symptoms include postpartum bleeding, abdominal pain, a mass in the vagina, and low blood pressure. Rarely inversion may occur ... Uterine inversion is often associated with significant postpartum bleeding. Traditionally it was thought that it presented with ...
... is a non-surgical method of treating refractory postpartum hemorrhage. Once postpartum hemorrhage has been identified and ... Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide In low-resource settings, timely access to surgical ... If bleeding has ceased, balloons are left in place for anywhere from 24-36 hours in order to control postpartum hemorrhage, or ... Johnson M, Theron G, De Villiers C, Smit N, De Villiers A, Koekemoer N. Postpartum haemorrhage managed with Ellavi UBT free ...
Asian and Hispanic women are at disparate risk of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony compared to other women. Black ... Black, Asian, and Pacific Islander women are at increased risk of hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage compared to white ... Black women are more likely to die from postpartum hemorrhage than women from other racial groups. Disparities in Black ... "Postpartum hemorrhage outcomes and race". American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 219 (2): 185.e1-185.e10. doi:10.1016/j. ...
... intrapartum hemorrhage, and post-partum hemorrhage. Failure to progress occurs when the labor process slows or stops entirely, ... Post-partum hemorrhage is defined by the loss of at least 1,000 mL of blood accompanied with symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 ... Post-partum hemorrhage is usually attributed to uterus atony, when the uterus fails to contract after delivering the baby. As a ... "How is postpartum hemorrhage prevented?". www.medscape.com. Archived from the original on 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2021-09-13. Ray ...
Postpartum hemorrhage, also known as PPH, is defined as a loss of 500 mL or greater of blood within 24 hours after giving birth ... The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is a loss of muscle tone in the uterus. Normally, the uterus will contract to ... Uterotonics are used both to induce labor and to reduce postpartum hemorrhage. Labor induction in the third trimester of ... Ergometrine is often used alongside oxytocin to treat postpartum hemorrhaging and has been found to more effective than the ...
Arora, Mala; Walavalkar, Rajalaxmi (2013). World Clinics: Obstetrics & Gynecology: Postpartum Hemorrhage. JP Medical Ltd. p. ... Mackeen, AD; Packard, RE; Ota, E; Speer, L (2 February 2015). "Antibiotic regimens for postpartum endometritis". The Cochrane ...
Lee, NK; Kim, S; Lee, JW; Sol, YL; Kim, CW; Hyun Sung, K; Jang, HJ; Suh, DS (April 2010). "Postpartum hemorrhage: Clinical and ... Post partum blood clot is more common, reported in up to 24% of postpartum patients, and tends to be more hypoechoic than ... The normal post partum uterus is usually less than 2 cm in thickness, and continues to involute on follow up scans to 7 mm or ... The presence of gas raises the possibility of post partum endometritis, though this can also be seen in up to 21% of normal ...
A randomised control trial of misoprostol use found a 38% reduction in maternal deaths due to post partum haemorrhage in ... Sanghvi H, Zulkarnain M, Chanpong G (2009). Blouse A, Lewison D (eds.). Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage at Home Birth: A ... Bradley SE, Prata N, Young-Lin N, Bishai DM (April 2007). "Cost-effectiveness of misoprostol to control postpartum hemorrhage ... Blum J, Alfirevic Z, Walraven G, Weeks A, Winikoff B (December 2007). "Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage with misoprostol". ...
Postpartum anemia is common after an episode of uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage. Severe anemia due to PPH may require ... Across the globe, postpartum hemorrhage is among the top five causes of maternal death. Recognition of the warning signs of ... In most cases of uterine atony-related postpartum hemorrhage, the amount of iron lost is not fully replaced by the transfused ... Wetta LA, Szychowski JM, Seals S, Mancuso MS, Biggio JR, Tita AT (2013). "Risk factors for uterine atony/postpartum hemorrhage ...
Smith JR (2022-04-01). "Postpartum Hemorrhage: Practice Essentials, Problem, Epidemiology". Medscape. Demisse GA, Sifer SD, ... Obstetrical hemorrhage may be due to a number of factors such as placenta previa, uterine rupture or tears, uterine atony, ... Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, ... "WHO Technical Consultation on Postpartum Care". World Health Organization. 2010. Retrieved 30 June 2020. Jones E, Taylor B, ...
... treatment and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage; postabortion care; prevention of cervical cancer. HIV and AIDS, including: ...
Dahlke, JD; Bhalwal, A; Chauhan, SP (June 2017). "Obstetric Emergencies: Shoulder Dystocia and Postpartum Hemorrhage". ... Complications for the mother may include vaginal or perineal tears, postpartum bleeding, or uterine rupture. Risk factors ... Postpartum bleeding (11%) Perineal lacerations that extend into the anal sphincter Pubic symphysis separation Neuropathy of ...
Atony of the uterus is a leading cause of post-partum hemorrhage, therefore uterine atony could induce Sheehan's syndrome. This ... The specific association with postpartum shock or hemorrhage was described in 1937 by the British pathologist Harold Leeming ... Schrager S, Sabo L (September 2001). "Sheehan syndrome: a rare complication of postpartum hemorrhage". The Journal of the ... According to Sheehan in 1939 approximately 41% of survivors of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and/or hypovolemic shock ...
Condoms used as uterine tamponades have also been effective in stopping post-partum hemorrhage. Some maternal deaths can be ... Shah, Monjri; Wright, Jason D. (April 2009). "Surgical intervention in the management of postpartum hemorrhage". Seminars in ... Adolescents have higher risks for postpartum hemorrhage, endometritis, operative vaginal delivery, episiotomy, low birth weight ... Injectable oxytocin can be used to prevent death due to postpartum bleeding. Additionally, postpartum infections can be treated ...
Maternal mortality is around 12%. Uterine hemorrhage can occur during the postpartum recovery. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are ... They may run the risk of dropping a baby due to weak connective tissue in arms and legs, falling, postpartum depression (more ...
"Treatment for primary postpartum haemorrhage." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2 (2014). Ker, Katharine, Phil Edwards, ... "WHO , WHO updates recommendation on intravenous tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage". WHO. Mudur, G.S ... their guidance from 2012 to recommend the use of tranexamic acid within three hours of birth when postpartum haemorrhage is ...
Sayeba Akhter and has since been supported by health workers worldwide as an effective method to stop post partum hemorrhage, ... In the uterus, balloon tamponade can alleviate or stop postpartum hemorrhage. Inflating a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in the ... Bakri Balloon Tamponade (BBT), designed for postpartum hemorrhage, is an effective life-saving balloon. A recent study ... A Bakri balloon is a balloon tamponade specifically constructed for uterine postpartum hemorrhage. ...
Jansen, A. J. G.; van Rhenen, D. J.; Steegers, E. a. P.; Duvekot, J. J. (October 2005). "Postpartum hemorrhage and transfusion ... Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage is multifactorial and includes medical management, surgical management along with blood ... Tunçalp, Ő; Souza, JP; Gűlmezoglu, M (Dec 2013). "New WHO recommendations on prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage ... Additional complications may include postpartum haemorrhage, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and infections. Iron deficiency ...
At the time she created the UBT, around 40% of maternal deaths in Bangladesh occurred due to postpartum haemorrhage. She ... "Use of a condom to control massive postpartum hemorrhage". MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine. 5 (3): 38. ISSN 1531-0132. ... saving mothers from suffering postpartum bleeding. The approach became known as Saeyba's Method, and has been taught to doctors ...
Sheehan, H. L. (14 May 1949). "Retained Placenta and Post-Partum Haemorrhage". Br Med J. 1 (4610): 849-851. doi:10.1136/bmj. ... This paper, rather than Sheehan's earlier papers on pituitary necrosis, led to the syndrome of post-partum pituitary necrosis ... with J. C. Davis: Post-partum hypopituitarism. Springfield, Illinois: C. C. Thomas. 1982. Sheehan's syndrome at Who Named It? " ... between concealed accidental haemorrhage and renal cortical necrosis and recognized that obstetrical shock and haemorrhage ...
Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain; it may also reduce the ... ISBN 978-0-7817-8807-6. WHO Guidelines for the Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage and Retained Placenta. World Health ... "Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD006431. doi: ...
... for the treatment of severe atonic postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery, and for removal of the placenta in patients ... "Prostaglandin E2 analogue sulprostone for treatment of atonic postpartum hemorrhage". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 118 (2 Pt 1): ...
Cause of one maternal death was due to Postpartum hemorrhage. The decrease of infant and maternal death rate for the year ...
None of the nurses knew how to treat postpartum hemorrhage. It's worth noting that the nurses are saying: "We don't know how to ... The family is helpless, and Fengxia dies from postpartum hemorrhage (severe blood loss). The point is made that the doctor ate ... However, Fengxia begins to hemorrhage, and the nurses panic, admitting that they do not know what to do. The family and nurses ...
Vivien begins to postpartum hemorrhage due to the larger child. Violet appears and urges her to let go and join her in the ...
For example, postpartum hemorrhaging is the leading cause of maternal death globally; however, 99% of postpartum hemorrhages ... Deaths due to postpartum hemorrhage disproportionately affect women in developing countries. For every woman who dies from ... This condition-medically referred to as postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)-causes one out of every four maternal deaths that occur ... For example, an NIH report states that Black women are two to three times more likely to die of hemorrhage or embolisms during ...
Postpartum hemorrhage Maternal death "Bakri® Postpartum Balloon with Rapid Instillation Components". Cook Medical Products. ... Xiao, C.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, N.; Sun, G. Q. (2023). "Bakri Balloon for Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Real-World 2016-2020 ... The device is used for the temporary control and reduction of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). According to the World Health ... The Bakri Balloon is a silicone, obstetrical balloon specifically designed to treat postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The device is ...
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality. All women who carry a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks ... encoded search term (Postpartum Hemorrhage) and Postpartum Hemorrhage What to Read Next on Medscape ... Postpartum Hemorrhage. Updated: Apr 01, 2022 * Author: John R Smith, MD, FACOG, FRCSC; Chief Editor: Ronald M Ramus, MD more... ... Postpartum hemorrhage in the developed world: whither misoprostol?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Aug 1. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Waiting for a patient to meet the postpartum hemorrhage criteria, particularly in resource-poor settings or with sudden ... Defining postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is problematic and has been historically difficult. ... encoded search term (Postpartum Hemorrhage in Emergency Medicine) and Postpartum Hemorrhage in Emergency Medicine What to Read ... USAID (United States Agency for International Development). Postpartum Hemorrhage Prevention. USAID Postpartum Hemorrhage ...
This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.. Edits to original content made by Denver Health. Copyright © EBSCO Information ...
Waiting for a patient to meet the postpartum hemorrhage criteria, particularly in resource-poor settings or with sudden ... Defining postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is problematic and has been historically difficult. ... encoded search term (Postpartum Hemorrhage in Emergency Medicine) and Postpartum Hemorrhage in Emergency Medicine What to Read ... USAID (United States Agency for International Development). Postpartum Hemorrhage Prevention. USAID Postpartum Hemorrhage ...
Before it happened to me, I had never heard the term "postpartum hemorrhage". That seemed like the kind of thing that happened ... Ive learned new information about how doctors treat Black women that has colored my birth and postpartum experience. Was the ...
by APFLI , Aug 20, 2014 , Studies - RU486 / Chemical Abortion / Maternal Mortality. Dr. Robert Walley is reducing maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa in ways that respect the dignity and rights of women. Every day about 800 women across the globe die from complications related to pregnancy or childbirth. In 2013, the total number of such deaths was ...
... known as postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) - than otherwise would have. ...
A Comprehensive Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage - free book at E-Books Directory. You can download the book or read it online ... A Comprehensive Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran (ed.) Publisher: Sapiens Publishing 2012. ISBN/ASIN ...
... are also associated with higher risks of postpartum hemorrhage. Beyond duration, oth … ... Duration of expulsive efforts was independently associated with postpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage. ... increase in the risk of postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 1.11 [1.02-1.21]) and severe postpartum hemorrhage (aOR = 1.14 [1.03-1.27 ... 20 minutes among postpartum hemorrhage and 23 minutes among severe postpartum hemorrhage (p,0.01). Duration of expulsive ...
Internationally known French obstetrician Odent shares the importance Oxytocin has on the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. ... Preventing Postpartum Haemorrhage. by Michel Odent , March 1, 2013 Internationally known French obstetrician Odent shares the ... importance Oxytocin has on the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. This post is only available to members. To purchase an ... Categories: Membership Content, Midwifery Today Articles Tags: Hemorrhage, Issue 105, Michel Odent ...
... for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery: the TRAAP2 trial, on Wednesday at SMFMs 2021 Virtual ... TXA for postpartum hemorrhage prevention after cesarean. January 27, 2021. Angie DeRosa ... "As you all know, postpartum hemorrhage is a major cause of maternal death and severe maternal morbidity," said Loïc Sentilhes, ... Loïc Sentilhes, MD, PHD, presented data on tranexamic acid (TXA) for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean ...
Webinar Presentation: Misoprostol for Postpartum Hemorrhage. Hosted by MSH, Gynuity Health Projects, and Jhpiego, this one-hour ... that have the potential to increase access to and use of misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the leading cause of ...
... postpartum haemorrhage - where bleeding after delivery is heavier than normal - affects approximately one in 20 mothers. ... Postpartum haemorrhage affects too many mothers. According to new patient information published by FIGO National Member Society ... When the rate of blood loss gives cause for concern, this is called postpartum haemorrhage and must be treated quickly.. The ... postpartum haemorrhage - where bleeding after delivery is heavier than normal - affects approximately one in 20 mothers.. Most ...
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) has been a leading cause of maternal deaths in Kerala for the better part of the last decade, ... Postpartum haemorrhage remains leading cause of maternal deaths in Kerala: Report According the National Health Portal of India ... The report noted that it was not "due to the classical postpartum depression." ... is the most common type of obstetric haemorrhage. ... haemorrhage mothers Health India Kerala Subscribe to Daily ...
... injuries and deaths could have been prevented if hospitals had put in place safety practices to address postpartum hemorrhage, ... What Causes Postpartum Hemorrhage?. The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is failure of the uterus to adequately ... How Is Postpartum Hemorrhage Treated?. Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage will vary depending upon the situation and severity ... If postpartum hemorrhage is not properly treated, it can cause the mothers blood pressure to drop dangerously, which can lead ...
... Leave Feedback. Note: This article was ... in emergency postpartum haemorrhage situations, when they have the knowledge and skill to do so. Midwives are not required to ... labour and the post-partum period and … the provision of care during normal pregnancy, labour and post-partum period." ... labour and the post-partum period". The authorized act is to be carried out only within the scope of midwifery practice that, ...
... and critical thinking in response to postpartum hemorrhage. This game, called "Escape Postpartum Hemorrhage," which is ... As part of a national effort to improve early acknowledgment and intervention to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), complicated by ... Identify areas of a focused postpartum assessment (BUBBLE HE) evaluate blood loss using Quantitative Blood Loss (QBL) identify ...
... have an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, the impact of other maternal ... Background - Women with inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) have an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, the ... Identifying the effect of inherited bleeding disorders on the development of postpartum hemorrhage: a population-based, ...
Postpartum Haemorrhage System tamponade single balloon catheter with rapid installation. *FCB16840 - Postpartum Haemorrhage ... Postpartum Haemorrhage System tamponade single balloon catheter with rapid installation. *FCB16840 - Postpartum Haemorrhage ... The supplier Cook UK Ltd has informed us of a supply issue with their Postpartum Haemorrhage System products. ... The supply issue with Postpartum Haemorrhage System products from Cook (UK) Ltd has resolved. ...
Positive predictive values for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage for FIBTEM A5 ≤12 mm was 22.5% (95% CI 14-33) and 50 ... Clinical value of early viscoelastometric point-of-care testing during postpartum hemorrhage for the prediction of severity of ... Predictive accuracy of both biomarkers for the progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage was measured by area under the ... Results: Of the 391 women included, 72 (18%) developed severe postpartum hemorrhage. Median (IQR) volume of blood loss at blood ...
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (bleeding from the genital tract after childbirth) is a major cause of maternal mortality and ... to reduce postpartum blood loss and associated morbidity and mortality. Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and ...
What uterotonic drugs are used for postpartum hemorrhage?. What uterotonic drugs are used for postpartum hemorrhage?. ... How should you manage postpartum hemorrhage?. Replacing lost blood and fluids is important in treating postpartum hemorrhage. ... How do doctors treat postpartum hemorrhage?. Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage may include: Medication (to stimulate uterine ... Postpartum hemorrhage can be quite serious.. Is oxytocin a uterotonic?. Oxytocin is the most widely used uterotonic drug. At ...
Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of obstetric death worldwide, and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) accounts for ~75% of ... Causes of increased risk of severe morbidity and mortality related to postpartum haemorrhage in black women in the USA are ... Recent data indicate that black women are at greater risk of severe morbidity and mortality from postpartum haemorrhage, both ... Recent data indicate that black women are at greater risk of severe morbidity and mortality from postpartum haemorrhage, both ...
This patient summary focuses on the use of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. *Oxytocin causes the uterus (womb) to ... Routes of Oxytocin Administration for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage After Vaginal Birth. Patient Guideline Summary. ... WHO recommendation on routes of oxytocin administration for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth. ... Hemorrhage (excessive bleeding) happens after birth in about one in 20 women. ...
"Postpartum hemorrhage most severely impacts people in low- and middle-income areas, who have limited access to high-quality ... Studies have shown that early diagnosis and treatment for postpartum hemorrhage is the best way to prevent deaths. The new ... They also hope to partner with investigators from countries with high mortality rates due to postpartum hemorrhage to test the ... Wearable optical device shows promise for detecting postpartum hemorrhage. Researchers use laser speckle imaging to provide ...
A Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Chapter 19: Overview of Misoprostol Studies in Postpartum Hemorrhage. ... A Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage: Chapter 19: Overview of Misoprostol Studies in Postpartum Hemorrhage ... Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) topic page, Maternal Health topic page, Misoprostol topic page ... Published in A Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage, Sapiens Publishing, October 2006, 184-190 ...
keywords = "intrauterine balloon tamponade, maternal mortality, peripartum hysterectomy, postpartum hemorrhage, propensity ... balloon tamponade may prove to be a suitable intervention of first choice in the management of persistent postpartum hemorrhage ... balloon tamponade may prove to be a suitable intervention of first choice in the management of persistent postpartum hemorrhage ... balloon tamponade may prove to be a suitable intervention of first choice in the management of persistent postpartum hemorrhage ...
Ghana topic page, Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) topic page, VSI Publication topic page, VSI Operations Research topic page ... Distribution of Misoprostol at Antenatal Care Visits for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Ghana. ... Distribution of Misoprostol at Antenatal Care Visits for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Ghana ... project of the VSI/Ghana Health Service pilot program in Ghana to address maternal deaths due to postpartum hemorrhage. The ...
  • At 46 per cent, atonic PPH - "failure of the uterus to contract following delivery" leading to excessive bleeding - is the most common type of obstetric haemorrhage. (org.in)
  • An estimated 2.9 percent of women who give birth in the U.S. will suffer from postpartum hemorrhage (defined by the World Health Organization as a blood loss of 500 ml or more within 24 hours after birth, while severe PPH is defined as a blood loss of 1000 ml or more within the same timeframe), according to the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses . (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • Obstetric haemorrhage is the leading cause of obstetric death worldwide, and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) accounts for ~75% of these. (bmj.com)
  • Key interventions included training of nursing and medical staff in obstetric emergencies, ensuring that guidelines and standard operating protocols were easily available, reorganising care to ensure adequate monitoring of women postpartum and ensuring that essential equipment was available and functioning. (sun.ac.za)
  • During this lecture with Dr Mahmoud Aljubeh we will discuss the main points of postpartum hemorrhage as one of the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and a main cause of obstetric hemorrhage. (pharmcourse.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage is an obstetric emergency that is the leading and the most preventable cause of maternal death that occurs on the day of birth . (bvsalud.org)
  • Rapid recognition of PPH and identification of hemorrhage etiology is essential to reduce mortality and morbidity. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment depends on etiology of the hemorrhage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is failure of the uterus to adequately contract after a mother gives birth. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage may include: Medication (to stimulate uterine contractions) Manual massage of the uterus (to stimulate contractions) Removal of placental pieces that remain in the uterus. (searchandrestore.com)
  • Methergine and pitocin are agents that are used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. (rnpedia.com)
  • Some risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage are: Placental abruption, placenta previa, overdistended uterus, high blood pressure disorder pregnancy, multiple baby pregnancy, having previous births, prolonged labor, use of forcep assisted delivery, infection and obesity. (janitri.in)
  • If the uterus has retained placental fragments , it can also cause massive bleeding postpartum. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage occurs when the uterus does not contract as expected. (thrivingsupermama.com)
  • The nurse is caring for a client at risk for postpartum hemorrhage. (nclex.me)
  • Some women are at more risk for postpartum hemorrhage as compared to others. (janitri.in)
  • A game-based learning tool was developed to enhance nursing students' knowledge retention, use of teamwork, and critical thinking in response to postpartum hemorrhage. (qsen.org)
  • By monitoring blood flow in the wrist, our device can detect peripheral vasoconstriction as it occurs in response to postpartum hemorrhage before the patient starts to show symptoms. (optica.org)
  • A Comprehensive Textbook of Postpartum Hemorrhage by Sabaratnam Arulkumaran (ed. (e-booksdirectory.com)
  • Tranexamic acid for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • WHO Recommendations on Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage and the WOMAN Trial. (europeanjournalofmidwifery.eu)
  • Over the research period in Niger, an estimated 1,417 fewer women died from bleeding after childbirth - known as postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) - than otherwise would have. (bbc.com)
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage: Should I Worry About Losing Too Much Blood from Childbirth? (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • Many of those injuries and deaths could have been prevented if hospitals had put in place safety practices to address postpartum hemorrhage , which is excessive bleeding following childbirth. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • Positive predictive values for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage for FIBTEM A5 ≤12 mm was 22.5% (95% CI 14-33) and 50% (95% CI 25-75) for fibrinogen ≤2 g/L. Conclusions: The predictive value of FIBTEM A5 compared to fibrinogen concentrations measured between 800 and 1500 ml of blood loss following childbirth was poor to discriminate between women with and without progression towards severe postpartum hemorrhage. (eur.nl)
  • Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) (bleeding from the genital tract after childbirth) is a major cause of maternal mortality and disability, particularly in under-resourced areas. (afar.info)
  • WASHINGTON - Researchers have developed a wearable optical device for early detection of hemorrhage during labor or after childbirth. (optica.org)
  • Labor and delivery complications during childbirth can include premature labor, fetal distress, failure to progress, cord prolapse, shoulder dystocia, and postpartum hemorrhage. (familyeducation.com)
  • This is the case with postpartum hemorrhage, a scary situation involving substantial blood loss after childbirth. (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • Meanwhile, according to the WHO (World Health Organization) , severe bleeding after childbirth is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, where about 14 million women per year experience postpartum hemorrhage and about 70,000 maternal deaths globally. (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • Health workers are taught to use WHO's Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum and Newborn Care: A guide for essential practice - and particularly the sections concerned with newborn care - that provides up-to-date evidence-based information and management of babies with a range of needs in the initial newborn period. (who.int)
  • Pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum and newborn care: a guide for essential practice (3rd edition) (PCPNC), has been updated to include recommendations from recently approved WHO guidelines relevant to maternal and perinatal health. (who.int)
  • As you all know, postpartum hemorrhage is a major cause of maternal death and severe maternal morbidity," said Loïc Sentilhes, MD, of the Bordeaux University Hospital, France, presenting on behalf of the French Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie (GROG). (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • To determine the effectiveness of uterine massage after birth and before or after delivery of the placenta, or both, to reduce postpartum blood loss and associated morbidity and mortality. (afar.info)
  • Recent data indicate that black women are at greater risk of severe morbidity and mortality from postpartum haemorrhage, both before and after adjusting for comorbidity. (bmj.com)
  • Causes of increased risk of severe morbidity and mortality related to postpartum haemorrhage in black women in the USA are poorly understood and warrant further research. (bmj.com)
  • Our hope is that this work will lead to a device that will enable prevention of morbidity and mortality caused by postpartum hemorrhage, ensuring new moms make it home safely with their babies," said the paper's first author Francesca Bonetta-Misteli. (optica.org)
  • Background: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading direct cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. (sun.ac.za)
  • An effective reduction of the morbidity and the mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage can be accomplished by a proper fluid resuscitation 2 , 3 . (europeanjournalofmidwifery.eu)
  • The treatment of postpartum hemorrhage in a timely fashion is crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality . (bvsalud.org)
  • To determine the effectiveness of sustained uterine massage started before delivery of the placenta in reducing postpartum hemorrhage. (researchgate.net)
  • Demographic characteristics, delivery times of the baby and placenta, duration of uterine massage, amount of postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemoglobin values of both groups were recorded. (researchgate.net)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage also occurs when small pieces of the placenta remain attached to the uterine wall after the placenta is expelled. (feldmanshepherd.com)
  • It involves four stages of labour: the shortening and opening of the cervix during the first stage, descent and birth of the baby during the second, the delivery of the placenta during the third, and the recovery of the mother and infant during the fourth stage, which is referred to as the postpartum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Medications used to control postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) are in the category of uterotonic drugs. (medscape.com)
  • This patient summary focuses on the use of oxytocin to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • But here's the good news: something as simple and beautiful as skin-to-skin contact with your newborn can work wonders to prevent postpartum hemorrhage naturally. (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • Saving Mother's Lives: Initiative promotes proven strategy for preventing postpartum hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • PATH: Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • Available at http://www.path.org/projects/preventing_postpartum_hemorrhage.php . (medscape.com)
  • Duration of expulsive efforts was significantly, positively, and linearly associated with both postpartum hemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage. (nih.gov)
  • FIBTEM) with amplitude of clot firmness at 5 min (A5) as an early point-of-care parameter for predicting progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage, and compare its predictive value with that of fibrinogen. (eur.nl)
  • Predictive accuracy of both biomarkers for the progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage was measured by area under the receiver operating curves (AUC). (eur.nl)
  • Severe postpartum hemorrhage was defined as a composite endpoint of (1) total blood loss >2000 ml, (2) transfusion of ≥4 packed cells, and/or (3) need for an invasive intervention to cease bleeding. (eur.nl)
  • Results: Of the 391 women included, 72 (18%) developed severe postpartum hemorrhage. (eur.nl)
  • The AUC for progression to severe postpartum hemorrhage was 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-0.61) for FIBTEM A5 and 0.58 (95% CI 0.50-0.65) for fibrinogen. (eur.nl)
  • Routine oxytocin injected directly into the bloodstream, rather than into the muscle, after birth results in fewer people suffering severe bleeding (postpartum haemorrhage). (searchandrestore.com)
  • Because of peripheral vasoconstriction, vital signs can remain unchanged until there is very severe blood loss, meaning that in many instances we cannot use vital signs to detect postpartum hemorrhage before it becomes severe," said O'Brien. (optica.org)
  • High-fidelity simulations (drills) of acute, severe hemorrhage improve team performance and communication for treatment of PPH. (medscape.com)
  • Severe pre-eclampsia and post-partum hemorrhage were the most common causes of admission (40.2% and 23.8% respectively). (who.int)
  • Interventions to shorten the duration of this stage, such as oxytocin, forceps, and episiotomy, are also associated with higher risks of postpartum hemorrhage. (nih.gov)
  • Internationally known French obstetrician Odent shares the importance Oxytocin has on the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. (midwiferytoday.com)
  • This patient summary means to discuss key recommendations from the World Health Organization for oxytocin administration for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • WHO recommendation on routes of oxytocin administration for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • They then conducted a hemorrhage and resuscitation study in a swine animal model. (optica.org)
  • In this CritCases blog - a collaboration between STARS Air Ambulance Service, Mike Betzner and EM Cases, Dr. James Brokenshire presents a case of acute unstable Uterine Inversion and discusses key therapeutic maneuvers including the Johnson Maneuver, tocolytics and resuscitation of postpartum hemorrhage. (emergencymedicinecases.com)
  • The patient information gives advice on minimising the risks of postpartum haemorrhage and outlines measures that can be taken to stop the bleeding. (figo.org)
  • However, heavy bleeding might continue for more than a week, and when it happens is known as postpartum hemorrhage. (thrivingsupermama.com)
  • Sheehan's syndrome, also known as postpartum hypopituitarism reduces prolactin levels, resulting in agalactorrhea (absence of lactation) and a decrease in breast tissue. (surenapps.com)
  • The College Council has agreed that midwives have the legal authority to use uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) in emergency postpartum haemorrhage situations, when they have the knowledge and skill to do so. (cmo.on.ca)
  • Introduction: To compare the outcomes of women who were initially managed by intrauterine balloon tamponade or uterine artery embolization because of persistent postpartum hemorrhage demanding an immediate intervention to control bleeding. (vu.nl)
  • Material and methods: Propensity score-matched cohort study including women who had intrauterine balloon tamponade or uterine artery embolization as initial management strategy to control persistent postpartum hemorrhage, that is, refractory to first-line therapy combined with at least one uterotonic agent. (vu.nl)
  • Conclusions: No difference in the risk of peripartum hysterectomy and/or maternal death was observed between women who had intrauterine balloon tamponade and women who underwent uterine artery embolization as an initial management for persistent postpartum hemorrhage. (vu.nl)
  • Although this study was underpowered to demonstrate equivalence, our study design provides a framework for future research in which intrauterine balloon tamponade may prove to be a suitable intervention of first choice in the management of persistent postpartum hemorrhage. (vu.nl)
  • Studies to be considered with vaginal bleeding and decreasing red blood cell counts in the postpartum patient include ultrasonography (U/S), computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (medscape.com)
  • Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of uterine massage performed before placental delivery on the third stage of labor and postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery. (researchgate.net)
  • Bleeding of more than 500 mL in a normal vaginal delivery and more than 1000 mL in a cesarean birth qualifies for a postpartum hemorrhage. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Early postpartum hemorrhage, which is usually due to uterine atony, lacerations, or retained placental fragments, occurs in the first 24 hours after delivery. (rnpedia.com)
  • Late postpartum hemorrhage occurs after the first 24 hours after delivery and is generally caused by retained placental fragments or bleeding disorders. (rnpedia.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage occurs when a woman loses more than 500 mL of blood in a normal delivery and more than 1,000 mL of blood in a cesarean delivery within 24 hours. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Gynecology and Obstetrics: Post Partum Hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • Hosted by MSH, Gynuity Health Projects, and Jhpiego, this one-hour webinar shared innovations - interventions, technologies, and distribution approaches - that have the potential to increase access to and use of misoprostol for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), the leading cause of maternal death. (msh.org)
  • The results demonstrate that the distribution of misoprostol through antenatal care visits increased the number of women who received protection from postpartum hemorrhage and is a key opportunity to reach more mothers with safe motherhood messages and ultimately reduce maternal deaths. (berkeley.edu)
  • Post partum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide and a common cause of excessive blood loss during the early postpartum period. (surenapps.com)
  • As part of a national effort to improve early acknowledgment and intervention to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), complicated by the fact that nursing students and graduate nurses are held accountable for a tremendous amount of content and skills, meaningful and interactive teaching techniques are needed. (qsen.org)
  • Waiting for a patient to meet PPH criteria, particularly in resource-poor settings or in cases of sudden hemorrhage, may delay appropriate intervention. (medscape.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage is a significant and potentially life-threatening complication that requires prompt recognition, rapid intervention, and expert nursing care to ensure the well-being of the mother. (nurseslabs.com)
  • Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) has been a leading cause of maternal deaths in Kerala for the better part of the last decade, according to a report prepared by the Kerala Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. (org.in)
  • Hemorrhage (excessive bleeding) happens after birth in about one in 20 women. (guidelinecentral.com)
  • The chances of a postpartum hemorrhage occurring after a cesarean birth are higher than natural birth. (thrivingsupermama.com)
  • FCB86331 - Postpartum Haemorrhage System Balloon kit to stop Haemorrhaging after pregnancy. (supplychain.nhs.uk)
  • As rare as it is, postpartum hemorrhage usually happens within 1 day (24 hours after) of giving birth, but it can happen during the last stage of pregnancy or occur up to 12 weeks after having a baby. (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • In the U.S., about 1-5 in 100 women who have a baby experience postpartum hemorrhage, which is the fourth cause of maternal death (12%), according to the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System (CDC) . (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most common pregnancy complications and has a wide range of outcomes from anemia to death. (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • In countries with good quality health care, deaths from postpartum hemorrhage are extremely rare because effective preventive methods are available [3] . (researchgate.net)
  • Studies have shown that early diagnosis and treatment for postpartum hemorrhage is the best way to prevent deaths. (optica.org)
  • This brief summarizes the final results from a collaborative project of the VSI/Ghana Health Service pilot program in Ghana to address maternal deaths due to postpartum hemorrhage. (berkeley.edu)
  • Global y, there were 289 000 ma- A prospective study was carried out in visits, delivery by caesarean section and ternal deaths in 2013 with more than the maternal ICU of El Shatby Univer- postpartum haemorrhage. (who.int)
  • In the management of postpartum hemorrhage, midwives have to assess and intervene early or during the hemorrhage, initiating emergency treatment, calling for help, providing help, so the mother regains her strength and complications are prevented. (europeanjournalofmidwifery.eu)
  • The work of midwives is essential during a postpartum hemorrhage episode, since they should recognise, prevent and treat the problem. (europeanjournalofmidwifery.eu)
  • Hence, it is imperative to have a standardized evaluation strategy for accurate assessment of blood loss, adequate classification of hemorrhage , and timely initiated interventions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Prophylactic uterotonics are widely recommended to prevent atonic hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
  • Francois KE, Foley MR. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Antepartum, delivery, and postpartum hospitalizations were evaluated separately and reported in 4-year increments. (cdc.gov)
  • antepartum and postpartum hospitalizations with VTE increased by 17% and 47%, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • 2. Assist the client and family to deal with physical and emotional stresses of postpartum complications . (rnpedia.com)
  • Miller S, Lester F, Hensleigh P. Prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage: new advances for low-resource settings. (medscape.com)
  • Used for prevention and treatment of postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage caused by uterine atony or subinvolution. (rnpedia.com)
  • Important developments from trauma and emergency medicine around massive hemorrhage protocols are newly implemented for PPH, and the evidence base for PPH medical management is expanding, with clinical trials ongoing. (medscape.com)
  • Beyond duration, other aspects of the management of active second stage should be evaluated as some might allow it to last longer with a minimal increase in postpartum hemorrhage risk. (nih.gov)
  • The objective of this book is to bring together within a single volume the most up to date information about the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of postpartum hemmorrhage. (berkeley.edu)
  • Anderson JM, Etches D. Prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. (sinaiem.org)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage: Medical and minimally invasive management. (sinaiem.org)
  • This lecture will stress on the role of the involved caregiver in prediction of postpartum hemorhage, how to prevent and decrease the consequences of such cases, and the management of significant postpartum hemorrhage. (pharmcourse.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: Assess the quality of healthcare across African countries based on health providers' clinical knowledge, their clinic attendance and drug availability, with a focus on seven conditions accounting for a large share of child and maternal mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhoea, pneumonia, diabetes, neonatal asphyxia and postpartum haemorrhage. (lu.se)
  • Loïc Sentilhes, MD, PHD, presented data on tranexamic acid (TXA) for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery: the TRAAP2 trial, on Wednesday at SMFM's 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • According to new patient information published by FIGO National Member Society the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), postpartum haemorrhage - where bleeding after delivery is heavier than normal - affects approximately one in 20 mothers. (figo.org)
  • Most of the time, postpartum hemorrhage happens in the delivery room during the delivery or right after the baby is born. (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • Early postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss of 500 mL or more during the first 24 hours after delivery. (surenapps.com)
  • The accurate assessment of blood loss during delivery and the postpartum period remains a major challenge. (bvsalud.org)
  • In 2017, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) updated the definition of postpartum hemorrhage as a cumulative blood loss greater than or equal to 1000 ml (0.27 gallons or almost 5 cups of tea! (transitionsofmotherhood.com)
  • If enough pressure was not executed on the bleeding vessels, postpartum hemorrhage will occur. (thrivingsupermama.com)