An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.
Maintenance of the hygienic state of the skin under optimal conditions of cleanliness and comfort. Effective in skin care are proper washing, bathing, cleansing, and the use of soaps, detergents, oils, etc. In various disease states, therapeutic and protective solutions and ointments are useful. The care of the skin is particularly important in various occupations, in exposure to sunlight, in neonates, and in PRESSURE ULCER.
A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.
Equipment on which one may lie and sleep, especially as used to care for the hospital patient.
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).
Evaluation of the nature and extent of nursing problems presented by a patient for the purpose of patient care planning.
Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.
Research carried out by nurses that uses interviews, data collection, observation, surveys, etc., to evaluate nursing, health, clinical, and nursing education programs and curricula, and which also demonstrates the value of such evaluation.
A skin ulcer is a breakdown of the skin's surface and underlying tissues, often caused by prolonged pressure, infection, or poor circulation, leading to a loss of continuity in the epidermis and dermis, potentially extending into deeper layers such as subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone.
Bleeding from a PEPTIC ULCER that can be located in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
The pressure due to the weight of fluid.
Material used for wrapping or binding any part of the body.
The hospital department which is responsible for the organization and administration of nursing activities.
Facilities which provide nursing supervision and limited medical care to persons who do not require hospitalization.
A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel for evaluating quality of nursing care.
Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.
Dressings comprised of a self-adhesive matrix to which hydrophilic absorbent particles are embedded. The particles consist of CELLULOSE derivatives; calcium ALGINATES; PECTINS; or GELS. The utility is based on providing a moist environment for WOUND HEALING.
Investigations into the problems of integrating research findings into nursing curricula, developing problem solving skills, finding approaches to clinical teaching, determining the level of practice by graduates from different basic preparations, etc.
Material, usually gauze or absorbent cotton, used to cover and protect wounds, to seal them from contact with air or bacteria. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Data recorded by nurses concerning the nursing care given to the patient, including judgment of the patient's progress.
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).
A raised flat surface on which a patient is placed during surgical procedures.
Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.
Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.
Research carried out by nurses in the clinical setting and designed to provide information that will help improve patient care. Other professional staff may also participate in the research.
A lesion in the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to infections by MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS. It was first reported in Uganda, Africa.
Techniques for measuring blood pressure.
The nursing specialty concerning care of children from birth to adolescence. It includes the clinical and psychological aspects of nursing care.
The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.
The removal of foreign material and devitalized or contaminated tissue from or adjacent to a traumatic or infected lesion until surrounding healthy tissue is exposed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Resinous substances which most commonly originate from trees. In addition to resins, they contain oils, cinnamic acid and BENZOIC ACID.
Extended care facilities which provide skilled nursing care or rehabilitation services for inpatients on a daily basis.
Educational programs designed to inform nurses of recent advances in their fields.
Either of two fleshy protuberances at the lower posterior section of the trunk or HIP in humans and primate on which a person or animal sits, consisting of gluteal MUSCLES and fat.
The application of a vacuum across the surface of a wound through a foam dressing cut to fit the wound. This removes wound exudates, reduces build-up of inflammatory mediators, and increases the flow of nutrients to the wound thus promoting healing.
Registered nurses who hold Master's degrees in nursing with an emphasis in clinical nursing and who function independently in coordinating plans for patient care.
Care over an extended period, usually for a chronic condition or disability, requiring periodic, intermittent, or continuous care.
The back (or posterior) of the FOOT in PRIMATES, found behind the ANKLE and distal to the TOES.
Geriatric long-term care facilities which provide supervision and assistance in activities of daily living with medical and nursing services when required.
Transducers that are activated by pressure changes, e.g., blood pressure.
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.
Chairs mounted on wheels and designed to be propelled by the occupant.
Method in which repeated blood pressure readings are made while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. It allows quantitative analysis of the high blood pressure load over time, can help distinguish between types of HYPERTENSION, and can assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy.
The expected function of a member of the nursing profession.
Devices used to support or align the foot structure, or to prevent or correct foot deformities.
Injuries of tissue other than bone. The concept is usually general and does not customarily refer to internal organs or viscera. It is meaningful with reference to regions or organs where soft tissue (muscle, fat, skin) should be differentiated from bones or bone tissue, as "soft tissue injuries of the hand".
The pressure at any point in an atmosphere due solely to the weight of the atmospheric gases above the point concerned.
Moving a patient into a specific position or POSTURE to facilitate examination, surgery, or for therapeutic purposes.
Personnel who provide nursing service to patients in a hospital.
Moving or repositioning patients within their beds, from bed to bed, bed to chair, or otherwise from one posture or surface to another.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.
The blood pressure in the VEINS. It is usually measured to assess the filling PRESSURE to the HEART VENTRICLE.
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Care given to patients by nursing service personnel.
Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.
The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
The blood pressure in the ARTERIES. It is commonly measured with a SPHYGMOMANOMETER on the upper arm which represents the arterial pressure in the BRACHIAL ARTERY.
The pressure within a CARDIAC VENTRICLE. Ventricular pressure waveforms can be measured in the beating heart by catheterization or estimated using imaging techniques (e.g., DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY). The information is useful in evaluating the function of the MYOCARDIUM; CARDIAC VALVES; and PERICARDIUM, particularly with simultaneous measurement of other (e.g., aortic or atrial) pressures.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.
Tongues of skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle, cut away from the underlying parts but often still attached at one end. They retain their own microvasculature which is also transferred to the new site. They are often used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighboring region.
Hospitals maintained by a university for the teaching of medical students, postgraduate training programs, and clinical research.
The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.
The application of industrial management practice to systematically maintain and improve organization-wide performance. Effectiveness and success are determined and assessed by quantitative quality measures.
One of three bones that make up the coxal bone of the pelvic girdle. In tetrapods, it is the part of the pelvis that projects backward on the ventral side, and in primates, it bears the weight of the sitting animal.
A four-year program in nursing education in a college or university leading to a B.S.N. (Bachelor of Science in Nursing). Graduates are eligible for state examination for licensure as RN (Registered Nurse).
The body region between (and flanking) the SACRUM and COCCYX.

Nursing home characteristics and the development of pressure sores and disruptive behaviour. (1/548)

OBJECTIVE: To determine how nursing home characteristics affect pressure sores and disruptive behaviour. METHOD: Residents (n = 5518, aged > or =60 years) were selected from 70 nursing homes in the National Health Care chain. Homes were classified as high- or low-risk based on incidence tertiles of pressure sores or disruptive behaviour (1989-90). Point-prevalence and cumulative incidence of pressure sores and disruptive behaviour were examined along with other functional and service variables. RESULTS: The overall incidence of pressure sores was 11.4% and the relative risk was 4.3 times greater in high- than low-risk homes; for disruptive behaviour, the incidence was 27% and the relative risk was 7.1 times greater in the high-risk group. At baseline, fewer subjects in homes with a high risk of pressure sores were white or in restraints, but more had received physician visits monthly and had had problems with transfers and eating. High-risk homes also had fewer beds and used less non-licensed nursing staff time. At follow-up (1987-90), 52% of homes in the low-risk group and 35% of those in the high-risk group had maintained their risk status; low-risk homes were more likely to have rehabilitation and maintenance activities. Having multiple clinical risk factors was associated with more pressure sores in high- (but not low-) risk homes, suggesting a care-burden threshold. By logistic regression, the best predictor of pressure sores was a home's prior (1987-88) incidence status. Interestingly, 67% of homes with a high risk of pressure sores were also high-risk for disruptive behaviour, while only 27% of homes with a low risk of pressure sores were high-risk for disruptive behaviour. A threshold effect was also observed between multiple risk factors and behaviour. More homes with a high risk of disruptive behaviour (68%) remained at risk over 4 years, and the best predictor of outcome was a home's previous morbidity level. CONCLUSION: Nursing-home characteristics may have a greater impact than clinical factors on pressure sores and disruptive behaviour in long-stay, institutionalized elders.  (+info)

Risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis): case-control study. (2/548)

OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for erysipelas of the leg (cellulitis). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: 7 hospital centres in France. SUBJECTS: 167 patients admitted to hospital for erysipelas of the leg and 294 controls. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, a disruption of the cutaneous barrier (leg ulcer, wound, fissurated toe-web intertrigo, pressure ulcer, or leg dermatosis) (odds ratio 23.8, 95% confidence interval 10.7 to 52.5), lymphoedema (71.2, 5.6 to 908), venous insufficiency (2.9, 1.0 to 8.7), leg oedema (2.5, 1.2 to 5.1) and being overweight (2.0, 1.1 to 3.7) were independently associated with erysipelas of the leg. No association was observed with diabetes, alcohol, or smoking. Population attributable risk for toe-web intertrigo was 61%. CONCLUSION: This first case-control study highlights the major role of local risk factors (mainly lymphoedema and site of entry) in erysipelas of the leg. From a public health perspective, detecting and treating toe-web intertrigo should be evaluated in the secondary prevention of erysipelas of the leg.  (+info)

Butorphanol tartrate acts to decrease sow activity, which could lead to reduced pig crushing. (3/548)

The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of an analgesic to sows immediately after farrowing would allow them to lie more restfully. Sows lying on their pigs, causing them to be "crushed," is a major cause of pig mortality. Most deaths due to crushing occur during the first 3 d postpartum. For modern, lean-type sows, farrowing crates are relatively hard and unforgiving, even though they may be equipped with plastic-coated, expanded metal flooring. Indeed, many sows develop pressure sores on their shoulders, and this may contribute to the sows' discomfort. These sores may cause a sow to change position frequently to alleviate pain, thus increasing its chances of crushing pigs. Sixteen production sows were assigned to either a control group (C, n = 8) with litter size 11.71+/-.78 or an experimental group (B, n = 8) with litter size 11.63+/-1.22. Pigs born to C and B sows weighed 1.60+/-.04 and 1.37+/-.04 kg, respectively. The C sows were given no treatment, whereas the B sows were administered an i.m. injection of butorphanol tartrate at a dose of .15 mg/kg BW every 6 h until 3 d after farrowing. Data were collected on all sows using time-lapse photography (1 frame/.4 s) for a 3-d duration upon the initiation of farrowing. To assess the degree of comfort of each sow, body position changes were recorded when sows switched between lying, sitting, and standing. Data were analyzed by 12-h periods using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney equations. During the 72-h period, B sows tended to perform fewer position changes than C sows (P = .10). Specifically, position changes were fewer for B sows from 48 to 72 h postpartum (P<.06). There were no differences in position changes between treatments from 0 to 48 h postpartum (P>.50). There was no difference in the rate of crushing between treatments (C = 5, B = 5). The butorphanol did not seem to affect pig activity or normal behaviors or to create adverse effects, such as diarrhea. Although the sows given butorphanol showed a reduced number of position changes, the dose was intermediate, and a higher dose may have a greater effect. If pig mortality can be decreased, an analgesic protocol that is simple to administer and readily available to producers can be developed. Alternatively, using of more pliable flooring or an increase in sow body fat may allow sows to lie more stationary.  (+info)

The Dutch pressure sore assessment score or the Norton scale for identifying at-risk nursing home patients? (4/548)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the usefulness of a Dutch pressure sore risk assessment scale--the Centraal Begeleidingsorgaan voor de Intercollegiale Toetsing (CBO; National Organization for Quality Assurance in Hospitals) score--in the detection of patients at risk of developing pressure sores after admission to a nursing home. As the Norton score is the standard method of risk assessment, we also investigated which score (Norton or CBO) has the stronger relationship to the development of pressure sores. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort design. PATIENTS: 220 nursing home patients, 80 men, 140 women, mean age 79 years (standard deviation 3). MEASURES: Admission assessments for the presence of pressure sores, CBO and Norton scores, preventive measures and demographic characteristics. We made observations every week for 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Presence or absence of pressure sores. MAIN RESULTS: 54 patients (25%) developed a pressure sore. A significant, nonlinear relationship was found between the CBO score on admission and the development of pressure ulcers for the first 2 weeks after admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only mobility (odds ratio = 3.6, P = 0.0001) and mental state (odds ratio = 2.0, P = 0.03) showed a significant relationship with the development of pressure ulcers. The CBO score was no better in risk assessment than the Norton score. CONCLUSIONS: The CBO score can be used for assessment of the risk of developing pressure ulcers in the first 2 weeks after admission to a nursing home, but is no better than the Norton score. Since the Norton score is easier to use, it is slightly preferable for use in this setting. However, neither score is a good indicator of patients at risk. Physicians should not depend solely on risk scores when prescribing preventive measures.  (+info)

The limits of pressure sore prevention. (5/548)

Pressure sore prevalence and incidence were assessed in 275 patients who were admitted to a well-staffed internal medicine ward during a 12-month study period or who were present on day 1. Pressure sore risk was assessed by use of the Braden scale and patients scoring 16 or less were provided with intensive preventive care. During the study period 5.1% (95% confidence interval 2.7-7.8) of 275 patients had pressure sores (prevalence) and 4.4% (1.9-6.9) developed sores (incidence). None of the 239 patients who were assessed as not being at risk developed a sore. 36 patients were assessed as being at risk at some time during the study and 12 of these developed sores despite receiving high-quality preventive care. The results suggest that not all pressure sores can be prevented in severely ill patients. We believe that the 4.4% incidence of sores in this study approaches the current limit of prevention.  (+info)

Sequential cytokine therapy for pressure ulcers: clinical and mechanistic response. (6/548)

OBJECTIVE: To compare the healing response of sequential topically applied cytokines to that of each cytokine alone and to a placebo in pressure ulcers, and to evaluate the molecular and cellular responses. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Because of a deficiency of cytokine growth factors in chronic wounds and the reversal of impaired healing in animal models, pressure ulcer trials have been performed with several exogenously applied growth factors. Because single-factor therapy has not been uniformly successful, combination or sequential cytokine therapy has been proposed. Laboratory data have suggested that sequential treatment with granulocyte-macrophage/colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) might augment the previously reported effect of bFGF alone. METHODS: A masked, randomized pressure ulcer trial was performed comparing sequential GM-CSF/bFGF therapy with that of each cytokine alone and with placebo during a 35-day period. The primary measure was wound volume decrease over time. Cytokine wound levels and mRNA levels were serially determined. Fibroblast-populated collagen lattices (FPCLs) were constructed from serial fibroblast biopsies. Cellular ultrastructure was evaluated by electron microscopy. Changes in ease of surgical closure and its relative cost were determined. RESULTS: Ulcers treated with cytokines had greater closure than those in placebo-treated patients. Patients treated with bFGF alone did the best, followed by the GM-CSF/bFGF group. Patients treated with GM-CSF or bFGF had higher levels of their respective cytokine after treatment. Patients with the greatest amount of healing showed higher levels of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on day 10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta1) on day 36. Message for the bFGF gene was upregulated after treatment with exogenous bFGF, suggesting autoinduction of the cytokine. FPCLs did not mimic the wound responses. Ultrastructure of wound biopsies showed response to bFGF. Treatment with any of the cytokines improved the wound by allowing easier wound closure. This was most marked for the bFGF-alone treatment, with a cost savings of $9,000 to $9,200. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with bFGF resulted in significantly greater healing than the other treatments in this trial. The clinical response appeared to be related to upregulation of the bFGF message and to increased levels of PDGF-AB, bFGF, and TGFbeta1 in the wounds and changes in ultrastructure. The resultant improvements could be correlated with cost savings.  (+info)

Pressure ulcers--randomised controlled trial comparing hydrocolloid and saline gauze dressings. (7/548)

An open comparative randomised study comparing the performance of hydrocolloid dressings (DuoDERM CGF) to saline gauze dressings in the treatment of pressure ulcers was done to evaluate the overall dressing performance, wound healing and cost effectiveness. Thirty-four subjects were enrolled at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur over a 643 days period. Inclusion criteria were Stage II or III pressure ulcers, at least 18 years of age and written informed consent. Only one pressure ulcer per subject was enrolled in the study. Patients with infected pressure ulcers, diabetes mellitus, an immuno-compromised status and known sensitivity to the study dressings were excluded. Subjects who met the enrollment criteria were randomised to one of the two dressing regimes. They were expected to participate in the study for a maximum of eight weeks or until the pressure ulcer healed, which ever occurred first. Overall subject age averaged 58 years and the mean duration of pressure ulcer existence was about 1 month. Twenty-one of the thirty-four ulcers enrolled were stage II and thirteen were stage III. The majority of the ulcers (88%) were located in the sacral area and seventeen subjects (50%) were incontinent. In the evaluation of dressing performance in terms of adherence to wound bed, exudate handling ability, overall comfort and pain during dressing removal; all favoured the hydrocolloid dressing by a statistically significant margin (p < 0.001). Subjects assigned the hydrocolloid dressing experienced a mean 34% reduction from their baseline surface area measurement compared to a mean 9% increase by subjects assigned gauze dressings. This was not statistically significant (p = 0.2318). In cost evaluation of the study products, there was no statistical significance in the total cost of wound management per subject. When only labour time and cost was evaluated, there was a statistically significant advantage towards hydrocolloid dressings.  (+info)

Pressure sores among malnourished necropsied adults--preliminary data. (8/548)

Pressure sores are common among bedridden, elderly, or malnourished patients, and may occur in terminal ill patients because of impaired mobility, fecal or urinary incontinence, and decreased healing capacity. The aim of this study was to compare frequency of pressure sores between malnourished and non-malnourished necropsied adults. METHOD: All (n = 201) adults (age >/= 18 years) autopsied between 1986 and 1996 at the Teaching Hospital of Triangulo Mineiro Medical School (Uberaba) were eligible for the study. Gender, race, weight, height and main diagnoses were recorded. Ninety-six cases were excluded because of probable body water retention (congestive heart failure, hepatic insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome) or pressure sores secondary to peripheral vascular ischemia. Body mass index (BMI) was used to define malnourished (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and non-malnourished (BMI > 18.5kg/m2) groups. RESULTS: Except for weight (42.5kg; range: 28-57 vs. 60; 36-134.5kg) and BMI (16.9; range: 12.4-18.5 vs. 22.7; range: 18.5-54.6kg/m2), respectively, there were no statistical differences among 43 malnourished and 62 non-malnourished cases in relation to age (54.9 +/- 20.4 vs. 52.9 +/- 17.9 years), percentage of white persons (74.4 vs. 64.5%), male gender (76.7 vs. 69.3%) and main diagnoses. Five malnourished (11. 6%) and 7 (11.5%) non-malnourished cases had pressure sores (p=0.89). CONCLUSION: Pressure sores were equally common findings in necropsied persons with protein-energy malnutrition, as assessed by body mass index.  (+info)

A pressure ulcer, also known as a pressure injury or bedsore, is defined by the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) as "localized damage to the skin and/or underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device." The damage can be caused by intense and/or prolonged pressure or shear forces, or a combination of both. Pressure ulcers are staged based on their severity, ranging from an initial reddening of the skin (Stage 1) to full-thickness tissue loss that extends down to muscle and bone (Stage 4). Unstageable pressure ulcers are those in which the base of the wound is covered by yellow, tan, green or brown tissue and the extent of tissue damage is not visible. Suspected deep tissue injury (Suspected DTI) describes intact skin or non-blanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence due to pressure and/or shear. The area may be preceded by tissue that is painful, firm, mushy, boggy, warmer or cooler as compared to adjacent tissue.

Skin care, in a medical context, refers to the practice of maintaining healthy skin through various hygienic, cosmetic, and therapeutic measures. This can include:

1. Cleansing: Using appropriate cleansers to remove dirt, sweat, and other impurities without stripping the skin of its natural oils.
2. Moisturizing: Applying creams or lotions to keep the skin hydrated and prevent dryness.
3. Sun Protection: Using sunscreens, hats, and protective clothing to shield the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays which can cause sunburn, premature aging, and skin cancer.
4. Skin Care Products: Using over-the-counter or prescription products to manage specific skin conditions like acne, eczema, psoriasis, or rosacea.
5. Regular Check-ups: Regularly examining the skin for any changes, growths, or abnormalities that may indicate a skin condition or disease.
6. Lifestyle Factors: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and avoiding habits like smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, which can negatively impact skin health.

It's important to note that while some general skincare advice applies to most people, individual skincare needs can vary greatly depending on factors like age, skin type (oily, dry, combination, sensitive), and specific skin conditions or concerns. Therefore, it's often beneficial to seek personalized advice from a dermatologist or other healthcare provider.

In medical terms, pressure is defined as the force applied per unit area on an object or body surface. It is often measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) in clinical settings. For example, blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries and is recorded as two numbers: systolic pressure (when the heart beats and pushes blood out) and diastolic pressure (when the heart rests between beats).

Pressure can also refer to the pressure exerted on a wound or incision to help control bleeding, or the pressure inside the skull or spinal canal. High or low pressure in different body systems can indicate various medical conditions and require appropriate treatment.

A stomach ulcer, also known as a gastric ulcer, is a sore that forms in the lining of the stomach. It's caused by a breakdown in the mucous layer that protects the stomach from digestive juices, allowing acid to come into contact with the stomach lining and cause an ulcer. The most common causes are bacterial infection (usually by Helicobacter pylori) and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Stomach ulcers may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, heartburn, and nausea. If left untreated, they can lead to more serious complications like internal bleeding, perforation, or obstruction.

A duodenal ulcer is a type of peptic ulcer that develops in the lining of the first part of the small intestine, called the duodenum. It is characterized by a break in the mucosal layer of the duodinal wall, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Duodenal ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between digestive acid and mucus production, which can be exacerbated by factors such as bacterial infection (commonly with Helicobacter pylori), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, smoking, and stress. Symptoms may include gnawing or burning abdominal pain, often occurring a few hours after meals or during the night, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Complications can be severe, including bleeding, perforation, and obstruction of the duodenum. Diagnosis typically involves endoscopy, and treatment may include antibiotics (if H. pylori infection is present), acid-suppressing medications, lifestyle modifications, and potentially surgery in severe cases.

In medical terms, "beds" generally refers to:

1. A piece of furniture for sleeping, typically consisting of a mattress on a frame with rails at the sides to prevent falling out. Hospital beds are specially designed to meet the needs of patients and may include features such as adjustable height, backrest, and side rails.

2. Inpatient capacity or number of available hospital beds for patient care. For example, "the hospital has 500 beds" means that there are 500 inpatient beds available for admitting patients.

3. Sometimes, it can also refer to the number of ICU (Intensive Care Unit) or CCU (Critical Care Unit) beds, which indicate the capacity of a hospital's critical care services.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is given as two figures:

1. Systolic pressure: This is the pressure when the heart pushes blood out into the arteries.
2. Diastolic pressure: This is the pressure when the heart rests between beats, allowing it to fill with blood.

Normal blood pressure for adults is typically around 120/80 mmHg, although this can vary slightly depending on age, sex, and other factors. High blood pressure (hypertension) is generally considered to be a reading of 130/80 mmHg or higher, while low blood pressure (hypotension) is usually defined as a reading below 90/60 mmHg. It's important to note that blood pressure can fluctuate throughout the day and may be affected by factors such as stress, physical activity, and medication use.

A peptic ulcer is a sore or erosion in the lining of your stomach and the first part of your small intestine (duodenum). The most common causes of peptic ulcers are bacterial infection and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen.

The symptoms of a peptic ulcer include abdominal pain, often in the upper middle part of your abdomen, which can be dull, sharp, or burning and may come and go for several days or weeks. Other symptoms can include bloating, burping, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Severe ulcers can cause bleeding in the digestive tract, which can lead to anemia, black stools, or vomit that looks like coffee grounds.

If left untreated, peptic ulcers can result in serious complications such as perforation (a hole through the wall of the stomach or duodenum), obstruction (blockage of the digestive tract), and bleeding. Treatment for peptic ulcers typically involves medications to reduce acid production, neutralize stomach acid, and kill the bacteria causing the infection. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

A nursing assessment is the process of collecting and analyzing data about a patient's health status, including their physical, psychological, social, cultural, and emotional needs. This information is used to identify actual or potential health problems, develop a plan of care, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Nursing assessments may include observing and documenting the patient's vital signs, appearance, behavior, mobility, nutrition, elimination, comfort level, cognitive status, and emotional well-being. They are typically conducted upon admission to a healthcare facility, during transitions of care, and on a regular basis throughout the course of treatment to ensure that the patient's needs are being met and that any changes in their condition are promptly identified and addressed.

A leg ulcer is a chronic wound that occurs on the lower extremities, typically on the inner or outer ankle. It's often caused by poor circulation, venous insufficiency, or diabetes. Leg ulcers can also result from injury, infection, or inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. These ulcers can be painful, and they may take a long time to heal, making them prone to infection. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and wound care are essential for healing leg ulcers and preventing complications.

Nursing Evaluation Research (NER) is a type of research that focuses on evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of nursing interventions, treatments, or care delivery models. The main goal of NER is to determine whether these interventions or models produce desired outcomes, improve patient care, and contribute to better health outcomes.

NER typically involves collecting and analyzing data related to nursing practices, such as patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and safety. This type of research can help nurses identify best practices, develop evidence-based guidelines, and make informed decisions about patient care. NER may also be used to evaluate the impact of changes in policy or practice on patient outcomes and healthcare delivery.

NER is an important area of study for nursing professionals, as it helps to advance the field of nursing and improve patient care. By conducting rigorous evaluations of nursing interventions and practices, nurses can contribute to the development of evidence-based care that leads to better health outcomes for patients.

A skin ulcer is a defined as a loss of continuity or disruption of the skin surface, often accompanied by inflammation and/or infection. These lesions can result from various causes including pressure, venous or arterial insufficiency, diabetes, and chronic dermatological conditions. Skin ulcers are typically characterized by their appearance, depth, location, and underlying cause. Common types of skin ulcers include pressure ulcers (also known as bedsores), venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. Proper evaluation, wound care, management of underlying conditions, and prevention strategies are crucial in the treatment of skin ulcers to promote healing and prevent complications.

Peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a medical condition characterized by bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract due to a peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, lower esophagus, or small intestine. They are usually caused by infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

When a peptic ulcer bleeds, it can cause symptoms such as vomiting blood or passing black, tarry stools. In severe cases, the bleeding can lead to shock, which is a life-threatening condition characterized by a rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and confusion. Peptic ulcer hemorrhage is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Treatment may include medications to reduce stomach acid, antibiotics to eliminate H. pylori infection, and endoscopic procedures to stop the bleeding. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair the ulcer or remove damaged tissue.

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. In medical terms, hydrostatic pressure is often discussed in relation to body fluids and tissues. For example, the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries (tiny blood vessels) is the force that drives the fluid out of the blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues. This helps to maintain the balance of fluids in the body. Additionally, abnormal increases in hydrostatic pressure can contribute to the development of edema (swelling) in the tissues.

A bandage is a medical dressing or covering applied to a wound, injury, or sore with the intention of promoting healing or preventing infection. Bandages can be made of a variety of materials such as gauze, cotton, elastic, or adhesive tape and come in different sizes and shapes to accommodate various body parts. They can also have additional features like fasteners, non-slip surfaces, or transparent windows for monitoring the condition of the wound.

Bandages serve several purposes, including:

1. Absorbing drainage or exudate from the wound
2. Protecting the wound from external contaminants and bacteria
3. Securing other medical devices such as catheters or splints in place
4. Reducing swelling or promoting immobilization of the affected area
5. Providing compression to control bleeding or prevent fluid accumulation
6. Relieving pain by reducing pressure on sensitive nerves or structures.

Proper application and care of bandages are essential for effective wound healing and prevention of complications such as infection or delayed recovery.

A "Hospital Nursing Service" is a department within a hospital that provides round-the-clock, comprehensive nursing care to patients. It is responsible for the assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of patient care, in collaboration with other healthcare professionals. The nursing service aims to promote, maintain, and restore patients' health, while ensuring their safety, comfort, and dignity.

The hospital nursing service is typically staffed by registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs) or vocational nurses (LVNs), and nursing assistants who work together as a team to deliver evidence-based, patient-centered care. They provide various nursing interventions, such as medication administration, wound care, pain management, patient education, and emotional support, among others.

The nursing service also plays a crucial role in coordinating care across different hospital departments, ensuring continuity of care and optimal use of resources. Additionally, hospital nurses are often involved in quality improvement initiatives, research, and professional development activities to enhance their knowledge and skills and improve patient outcomes.

A nursing home, also known as a skilled nursing facility, is a type of residential healthcare facility that provides round-the-clock care and assistance to individuals who require a high level of medical care and support with activities of daily living. Nursing homes are designed for people who cannot be cared for at home or in an assisted living facility due to their complex medical needs, mobility limitations, or cognitive impairments.

Nursing homes provide a range of services, including:

1. Skilled nursing care: Registered nurses and licensed practical nurses provide 24-hour medical care and monitoring for residents with chronic illnesses, disabilities, or those recovering from surgery or illness.
2. Rehabilitation services: Physical, occupational, and speech therapists help residents regain strength, mobility, and communication skills after an injury, illness, or surgery.
3. Personal care: Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) help residents with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, grooming, and using the bathroom.
4. Meals and nutrition: Nursing homes provide three meals a day, plus snacks, and accommodate special dietary needs.
5. Social activities: Recreational programs and social events are organized to help residents stay active and engaged with their peers.
6. Hospice care: Some nursing homes offer end-of-life care for residents who require palliative or comfort measures.
7. Secure environments: For residents with memory impairments, specialized units called memory care or Alzheimer's units provide a secure and structured environment to help maintain their safety and well-being.

When selecting a nursing home, it is essential to consider factors such as the quality of care, staff-to-resident ratio, cleanliness, and overall atmosphere to ensure the best possible experience for the resident.

A nursing audit is a systematic review and evaluation of nursing practice, care, and outcomes in relation to established standards, policies, and guidelines. It is a quality improvement process that aims to identify strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement in nursing care, with the goal of enhancing patient safety, outcomes, and overall healthcare delivery. Nursing audits can focus on various aspects of nursing practice, such as documentation, assessment, care planning, implementation, and evaluation. The findings from a nursing audit are typically used to inform education, policy development, and performance improvement initiatives.

Peptic ulcer perforation is a serious and sightful gastrointestinal complication characterized by the penetration or erosion of an acid-peptic ulcer through the full thickness of the stomach or duodenal wall, resulting in spillage of gastric or duodenal contents into the peritoneal cavity. This leads to chemical irritation and/or bacterial infection of the abdominal cavity, causing symptoms such as sudden severe abdominal pain, tenderness, rigidity, and potentially life-threatening sepsis if not promptly diagnosed and treated with surgical intervention, antibiotics, and supportive care.

Hydrocolloid bandages are a type of dressing used in wound care. They consist of an outer waterproof layer and an inner hydrophilic layer made of materials such as gelatin, pectin, or carboxymethylcellulose. When the bandage comes into contact with moisture from the wound, it forms a gel that helps to maintain a moist environment, which can promote healing.

Hydrocolloid bandages are useful for managing a variety of wound types, including partial-thickness burns, pressure ulcers, and diabetic foot ulcers. They can help to protect the wound from external contaminants, reduce pain and discomfort, and provide sustained release of medications such as analgesics or antibiotics.

One advantage of hydrocolloid bandages is that they can be left in place for several days at a time, which can reduce the frequency of dressing changes and minimize trauma to the wound bed. However, it's important to monitor the wound regularly to ensure that it is healing properly and to check for signs of infection or other complications.

Nursing Education Research (NER) is a specific field of research that focuses on the development, implementation, evaluation, and dissemination of theories, practices, and outcomes of nursing education. The primary goal of NER is to improve the quality and effectiveness of nursing education programs, teaching strategies, and learning environments to enhance the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of student nurses, as well as their preparedness for professional practice.

NER addresses various topics, including curriculum development and evaluation, instructional design and technology, faculty development, simulation and clinical education, interprofessional education, diversity and inclusivity, and educational outcomes assessment. The ultimate aim of NER is to advance the science of nursing education, inform evidence-based practices, and promote continuous quality improvement in nursing education to ultimately benefit patient care and health outcomes.

Occlusive dressings are specialized bandages or coverings that form a barrier over the skin, preventing air and moisture from passing through. They are designed to create a moist environment that promotes healing by increasing local blood flow, reducing wound desiccation, and encouraging the growth of new tissue. Occlusive dressings can also help to minimize pain, scarring, and the risk of infection in wounds. These dressings are often used for dry, necrotic, or hard-to-heal wounds, such as pressure ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, and burns. It is important to monitor the wound closely while using occlusive dressings, as they can sometimes lead to skin irritation or maceration if left in place for too long.

Nursing records are a type of healthcare documentation that contains detailed information about a patient's nursing care. These records may include assessments, diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes related to the patient's health status and needs. They are used by nurses to communicate with other members of the healthcare team, track the patient's progress, and ensure continuity of care. Nursing records may be kept in paper form or digitally, and they are subject to legal and ethical standards for confidentiality and privacy.

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) refer to damage to the spinal cord that results in a loss of function, such as mobility or feeling. This injury can be caused by direct trauma to the spine or by indirect damage resulting from disease or degeneration of surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels. The location and severity of the injury on the spinal cord will determine which parts of the body are affected and to what extent.

The effects of SCI can range from mild sensory changes to severe paralysis, including loss of motor function, autonomic dysfunction, and possible changes in sensation, strength, and reflexes below the level of injury. These injuries are typically classified as complete or incomplete, depending on whether there is any remaining function below the level of injury.

Immediate medical attention is crucial for spinal cord injuries to prevent further damage and improve the chances of recovery. Treatment usually involves immobilization of the spine, medications to reduce swelling and pressure, surgery to stabilize the spine, and rehabilitation to help regain lost function. Despite advances in treatment, SCI can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life and ability to perform daily activities.

An operating table, also known as an operating room table or surgical table, is a piece of medical equipment specifically designed and used for performing surgical procedures. These tables are typically sturdy, adjustable, and equipped with various accessories to help support and position the patient safely and comfortably during surgery. The design allows surgeons and other medical professionals to access the surgical site easily while maintaining the patient's stability and alignment.

Operating tables come in various types and configurations, depending on the nature of the surgical procedure. Some common features include:

1. Height adjustment: Operating tables can be raised or lowered to accommodate the surgeon's preference and ensure ergonomic working conditions.
2. Tabletop adjustments: The tabletop can be tilted, rotated, or sectioned into different parts to provide optimal access to the surgical site while maintaining patient comfort and safety.
3. Accessories: Operating tables often have attachments such as stirrups, leg supports, arm boards, and headrests to position and support different parts of the body during surgery.
4. Radiolucent materials: Some operating tables are made from radiolucent materials, allowing for easy X-ray imaging during surgery without having to move the patient.
5. Integration with medical equipment: Modern operating tables may have built-in features that allow for seamless integration with other medical devices, such as anesthesia machines and monitoring equipment.

Overall, operating tables are essential tools in the surgical setting, providing a stable, adjustable, and safe platform for performing various medical procedures.

'Bedding and linens' is a term that refers to the items used to cover, clean, and maintain beds and other furniture in medical and residential settings. These items include:

1. Sheets: These are flat pieces of cloth that are placed on top of the mattress and beneath the blankets or comforters. They come in various sizes (twin, full, queen, king) to fit different mattress sizes.
2. Blankets/Comforters: These are thicker, often quilted or filled, pieces of fabric that provide warmth and comfort to the user.
3. Pillows and pillowcases: Pillows are used to support the head and neck during sleep, while pillowcases are the removable covers that protect the pillows from dirt, sweat, and stains.
4. Mattress pads/protectors: These are additional layers placed between the mattress and the sheets to provide extra protection against spills, stains, or allergens.
5. Bed skirts: These are decorative pieces of fabric that cover the space between the box spring and the floor, hiding any storage area or providing a more finished look to the bed.
6. Towels and washcloths: While not directly related to the bed, these linens are often included in the 'bedding and linens' category as they share similar cleaning and maintenance requirements.

In medical settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, strict infection control protocols are followed for handling, washing, and storing bedding and linens to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process that occurs after tissue injury, aiming to restore the integrity and functionality of the damaged tissue. It involves a series of overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.

1. Hemostasis: This initial phase begins immediately after injury and involves the activation of the coagulation cascade to form a clot, which stabilizes the wound and prevents excessive blood loss.
2. Inflammation: Activated inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, infiltrate the wound site to eliminate pathogens, remove debris, and release growth factors that promote healing. This phase typically lasts for 2-5 days post-injury.
3. Proliferation: In this phase, various cell types, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes, proliferate and migrate to the wound site to synthesize extracellular matrix (ECM) components, form new blood vessels (angiogenesis), and re-epithelialize the wounded area. This phase can last up to several weeks depending on the size and severity of the wound.
4. Remodeling: The final phase of wound healing involves the maturation and realignment of collagen fibers, leading to the restoration of tensile strength in the healed tissue. This process can continue for months to years after injury, although the tissue may never fully regain its original structure and function.

It is important to note that wound healing can be compromised by several factors, including age, nutrition, comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, vascular disease), and infection, which can result in delayed healing or non-healing chronic wounds.

Clinical nursing research is a branch of scientific inquiry that focuses on the design, implementation, and evaluation of studies aimed at improving patient care and outcomes through the development of evidence-based practices within the nursing profession. This type of research is conducted in clinical settings such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities, and often involves collaboration between nurses, other healthcare professionals, and researchers from various disciplines.

The goals of clinical nursing research include:

1. Identifying patient care needs and priorities
2. Developing and testing innovative interventions to improve patient outcomes
3. Evaluating the effectiveness of current practices and treatments
4. Disseminating research findings to inform evidence-based practice
5. Advancing nursing knowledge and theory

Clinical nursing research can encompass a wide range of topics, including symptom management, patient safety, quality improvement, health promotion, and end-of-life care. The ultimate aim of this research is to improve the quality of care delivered to patients and their families, as well as to enhance the professional practice of nursing.

Buruli ulcer is a neglected tropical disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans. It mainly affects the skin and occasionally the bones and joints. The infection typically begins with a painless nodule or papule that may progress to a large, painful ulcer with undermined edges if left untreated. In severe cases, it can lead to permanent disfigurement and disability. Buruli ulcer is primarily found in rural areas of West and Central Africa, but also occurs in other parts of the world including Australia, Asia, and South America. It is transmitted through contact with contaminated water or soil, although the exact mode of transmission is not fully understood. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can cure the disease and prevent complications.

Blood pressure determination is the medical procedure to measure and assess the force or pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries during a heartbeat cycle. It is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic pressure (the higher number, representing the pressure when the heart beats and pushes blood out into the arteries) and diastolic pressure (the lower number, representing the pressure when the heart rests between beats). A normal blood pressure reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. High blood pressure (hypertension) is defined as a consistently elevated blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg or higher, while low blood pressure (hypotension) is defined as a consistently low blood pressure below 90/60 mmHg. Blood pressure determination is an important vital sign and helps to evaluate overall cardiovascular health and identify potential health risks.

Pediatric nursing is a specialized field of nursing that focuses on the care of children, infants, and adolescents. According to the Society of Pediatric Nurses, pediatric nursing encompasses "the holistic care of children and families in all settings to restore, promote, and maintain health and development."

Pediatric nurses work in a variety of healthcare settings, including hospitals, clinics, physician's offices, schools, and community health centers. They provide care for patients with a wide range of acute and chronic illnesses, as well as those who are healthy but require routine check-ups and immunizations.

Pediatric nurses must have a deep understanding of child development, growth, and family dynamics in order to provide appropriate and effective care. They must also be skilled in communication with children and their families, as well as able to work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to ensure the best possible outcomes for their patients.

In addition to providing direct patient care, pediatric nurses may also be involved in research, education, and advocacy efforts aimed at improving the health and well-being of children and adolescents.

Air pressure, also known as atmospheric pressure, is the force exerted by the weight of air in the atmosphere on a surface. It is measured in units such as pounds per square inch (psi), hectopascals (hPa), or inches of mercury (inHg). The standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined as 101,325 Pa (14.7 psi/1013 hPa/29.92 inHg). Changes in air pressure can be used to predict weather patterns and are an important factor in the study of aerodynamics and respiratory physiology.

Debridement is a medical procedure that involves the removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing process or prevent further infection. This can be done through various methods such as surgical debridement (removal of tissue using scalpel or scissors), mechanical debridement (use of wound irrigation or high-pressure water jet), autolytic debridement (using the body's own enzymes to break down and reabsorb dead tissue), and enzymatic debridement (application of topical enzymes to dissolve necrotic tissue). The goal of debridement is to promote healthy tissue growth, reduce the risk of infection, and improve overall wound healing.

Balsams are a type of resinous substance that is produced by trees and plants. They have been used historically in medicine for their therapeutic properties, particularly as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent. Some common balsams used in medicine include:

1. Canada Balsam (Abies balsamea): A resin obtained from the bark of the balsam fir tree, which has been used in medicine for its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also used as a cement or adhesive in microscopy.
2. Tolu Balsam (Myroxylon balsamum): A resin obtained from the bark of the tree Myroxylon balsamum, which is native to Central and South America. It has been used in medicine for its expectorant, antispasmodic, and analgesic properties.
3. Peru Balsam (Myroxylon pereirae): A resin obtained from the tree Myroxylon pereirae, which is native to Central America. It has been used in medicine for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties.
4. Benzoin Balsam (Styrax benzoin): A resin obtained from the tree Styrax benzoin, which is native to Southeast Asia. It has been used in medicine for its expectorant, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

It's important to note that balsams can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions in some people, so they should be used with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNFs) are healthcare facilities that provide round-the-clock skilled nursing care and medical supervision to individuals who require rehabilitation or long-term care. These facilities are designed for patients who need more medical attention and assistance with activities of daily living than can be provided at home or in an assisted living facility.

SNFs offer a wide range of services, including:

1. Skilled nursing care: Registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) provide 24-hour medical care and monitoring for patients with complex medical needs.
2. Rehabilitation services: Physical, occupational, and speech therapists work with patients to help them regain strength, mobility, and communication skills after an illness, injury, or surgery.
3. Medical management: SNFs have a team of healthcare professionals, such as physicians, nurse practitioners, and pharmacists, who collaborate to manage each patient's medical needs and develop individualized care plans.
4. Nutritional support: Registered dietitians assess patients' nutritional needs and provide specialized diets and feeding assistance when necessary.
5. Social services: Case managers and social workers help patients and their families navigate the healthcare system, coordinate discharge planning, and connect them with community resources.
6. Personal care: Certified nursing assistants (CNAs) provide assistance with activities of daily living, such as bathing, dressing, grooming, and using the bathroom.
7. Therapeutic recreation: Recreational therapists offer activities designed to improve patients' physical, cognitive, and emotional well-being.

SNFs may be standalone facilities or part of a larger healthcare system, such as a hospital or continuing care retirement community (CCRC). To qualify for Medicare coverage in an SNF, individuals must have a qualifying hospital stay of at least three days and need skilled nursing or rehabilitation services. Medicaid and private insurance may also cover the cost of care in Skilled Nursing Facilities.

Continuing nursing education (CNE) refers to the lifelong learning process that enables nurses to expand their knowledge and skills, update their practice, and improve patient outcomes. CNE programs are designed to meet the needs of practicing nurses and can include a variety of formats such as conferences, seminars, workshops, online courses, and self-study modules. These activities provide nurses with the opportunity to learn about new developments in nursing practice, research, and technology, and to earn continuing education credits or contact hours that are required for licensure renewal and professional certification. The goal of CNE is to promote excellence in nursing practice and to ensure that nurses have the knowledge and skills necessary to provide safe, high-quality care to their patients.

The buttocks are the rounded part of the lower back, above the hips. They are formed by the masses of muscle tissue (gluteal muscles) and fat that cover the coccyx and sacrum, which are the terminal parts of the vertebral column. The primary function of the gluteal muscles is to provide stability and strength for walking, running, and jumping movements.

In anatomical terms, the buttocks are also known as the natis or nates. Medical professionals may use these terms when discussing conditions or treatments related to this area of the body.

Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) is a medical treatment used to promote wound healing and prevent infection in acute or chronic wounds. It involves the application of controlled sub-atmospheric pressure to the surface of the wound, usually through the use of a vacuum-assisted device.

The negative pressure helps to remove excess fluid and infectious materials from the wound, while also promoting the growth of new tissue by increasing blood flow and stimulating cell proliferation. NPWT can be used in various types of wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, surgical wounds, and traumatic injuries.

The therapy is typically administered through a sealed dressing that covers the wound and is connected to a vacuum pump. The negative pressure is applied continuously or intermittently, depending on the specific needs of the patient and the type of wound being treated. NPWT has been shown to be effective in reducing wound size, promoting healing, and improving overall clinical outcomes in many patients with complex wounds.

A Nurse Clinician, also known as Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), is an advanced practice registered nurse who has completed a master's or doctoral degree in nursing with a focus on clinical expertise. They are experts in their specific clinical specialty area, such as pediatrics, gerontology, critical care, or oncology.

Nurse Clinicians demonstrate advanced levels of knowledge and skills in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of patients' health conditions. They provide direct patient care, consult with other healthcare professionals, coordinate care, and often serve in leadership and education roles within their healthcare organizations. Their work includes developing and implementing evidence-based practice guidelines, participating in quality improvement initiatives, and mentoring staff nurses.

Nurse Clinicians play a critical role in improving patient outcomes, enhancing the quality of care, and promoting cost-effective care delivery. They are licensed and regulated by their state's Board of Nursing and may hold national certification in their clinical specialty area.

Long-term care (LTC) is a term used to describe various medical and support services that are required by individuals who need assistance with activities of daily living (such as bathing, dressing, using the toilet) or who have chronic health conditions that require ongoing supervision and care. LTC can be provided in a variety of settings, including nursing homes, assisted living facilities, adult day care centers, and private homes.

The goal of LTC is to help individuals maintain their independence and quality of life for as long as possible, while also ensuring that they receive the necessary medical and support services to meet their needs. LTC can be provided on a short-term or long-term basis, depending on the individual's needs and circumstances.

LTC is often required by older adults who have physical or cognitive limitations, but it can also be needed by people of any age who have disabilities or chronic illnesses that require ongoing care. LTC services may include nursing care, therapy (such as occupational, physical, or speech therapy), personal care (such as help with bathing and dressing), and social activities.

LTC is typically not covered by traditional health insurance plans, but it may be covered by long-term care insurance policies, Medicaid, or other government programs. It's important to plan for LTC needs well in advance, as the cost of care can be significant and can have a major impact on an individual's financial resources.

In medical terms, "heel" generally refers to the posterior and largest part of the foot, specifically the calcaneus bone. The heel is the first part of the foot to make contact with the ground during walking or running, and it plays a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and absorbing shock during movement.

The term "heel" can also be used to describe a structure or device that is attached to the back of a shoe or boot to provide additional height, support, or protection to the wearer's heel. These types of heels are often worn for fashion purposes or to compensate for differences in leg length.

I couldn't find a specific medical definition for "Homes for the Aged," as it is more commonly referred to in social work or public health contexts. However, I can provide you with some related information:

"Homes for the Aged" are typically residential facilities designed to provide housing, support services, and care for older adults, often with lower levels of medical needs compared to nursing homes. These facilities might offer assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing, dressing, grooming, and managing medications. They can be an alternative to aging in place or moving in with family members.

In a broader public health context, "Homes for the Aged" may fall under the category of congregate housing or assisted living facilities. These settings aim to promote social interaction, autonomy, and independence while offering help with daily tasks and ensuring the safety of their residents.

It is essential to research and visit various facilities to ensure they meet individual needs, preferences, and healthcare requirements when considering Homes for the Aged for yourself or a loved one.

A pressure transducer is a device that converts a mechanical force or pressure exerted upon it into an electrical signal which can be measured and standardized. In medical terms, pressure transducers are often used to measure various bodily pressures such as blood pressure, intracranial pressure, or intraocular pressure. These transducers typically consist of a diaphragm that is deflected by the pressure being measured, which then generates an electrical signal proportional to the amount of deflection. This signal can be processed and displayed in various ways, such as on a monitor or within an electronic medical record system.

Hypertension is a medical term used to describe abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries, often defined as consistently having systolic blood pressure (the top number in a blood pressure reading) over 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) over 80 mmHg. It is also commonly referred to as high blood pressure.

Hypertension can be classified into two types: primary or essential hypertension, which has no identifiable cause and accounts for about 95% of cases, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by underlying medical conditions such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or use of certain medications.

If left untreated, hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart attack, stroke, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease. Therefore, it is important for individuals with hypertension to manage their condition through lifestyle modifications (such as healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management) and medication if necessary, under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and is typically measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). It's the measurement of the pressure exerted by the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and brain tissue within the confined space of the skull.

Normal ICP ranges from 5 to 15 mmHg in adults when lying down. Intracranial pressure may increase due to various reasons such as bleeding in the brain, swelling of the brain, increased production or decreased absorption of CSF, and brain tumors. Elevated ICP is a serious medical emergency that can lead to brain damage or even death if not promptly treated. Symptoms of high ICP may include severe headache, vomiting, altered consciousness, and visual changes.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the fluid pressure within the eye, specifically within the anterior chamber, which is the space between the cornea and the iris. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). The aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber, is constantly produced and drained, maintaining a balance that determines the IOP. Normal IOP ranges from 10-21 mmHg, with average values around 15-16 mmHg. Elevated IOP is a key risk factor for glaucoma, a group of eye conditions that can lead to optic nerve damage and vision loss if not treated promptly and effectively. Regular monitoring of IOP is essential in diagnosing and managing glaucoma and other ocular health issues.

A wheelchair is defined medically as a mobility aid with wheels, providing the user with increased independence and freedom of movement. It is designed to accommodate individuals who have difficulty walking or are unable to walk due to various reasons such as physical disabilities, illnesses, or injuries. Wheelchairs can be manually propelled by the user or others, or they can be power-driven (motorized). They come in different types and designs, including standard, lightweight, sports, pediatric, bariatric, and reclining wheelchairs, to cater to the diverse needs of users. Some wheelchairs are custom-made to ensure optimal comfort, safety, and functionality for the user.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a non-invasive method of measuring blood pressure at regular intervals over a 24-hour period or more. This is typically done using a portable device that is worn on a belt around the waist and connected to a cuff wrapped around the upper arm. The device automatically inflates the cuff and records blood pressure readings at preset intervals, usually every 15 to 30 minutes during the day and every 30 to 60 minutes during the night.

ABPM provides valuable information about blood pressure patterns over an extended period, including how it varies throughout the day and in response to daily activities, posture changes, and sleep. This can help healthcare providers diagnose and manage hypertension more effectively, as well as assess the effectiveness of antihypertensive medications. ABPM is also useful for identifying white coat hypertension, a condition where blood pressure readings are higher in a medical setting than in daily life.

Overall, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases.

A nurse's role is not a medical condition or diagnosis, but rather a professional occupation and set of responsibilities in the healthcare system. However, I can provide a general description of the role of a nurse in a medical context:

A nurse is a healthcare professional who provides care, support, and education to patients, families, and communities. Nurses work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, and community health centers. They collaborate with other healthcare professionals, such as physicians, social workers, and therapists, to provide comprehensive care to patients.

The specific duties of a nurse may vary depending on their role and specialty, but some common responsibilities include:

* Administering medications and treatments prescribed by doctors
* Monitoring patients' vital signs and overall health status
* Providing emotional support and education to patients and families
* Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to develop care plans
* Performing diagnostic tests and analyzing results
* Assisting with procedures and surgeries
* Supervising and training nursing assistants and other support staff.

Nurses play a critical role in the healthcare system, providing compassionate care and advocacy for patients and their families.

Foot orthoses, also known as orthotic devices or simply orthotics, are custom-made or prefabricated shoe inserts that are designed to support, align, correct, or accommodate various foot and ankle deformities or biomechanical issues. They can be made of different materials such as plastic, rubber, leather, or foam and are inserted into the shoes to provide extra cushioning, arch support, or realignment of the foot structure.

Custom-made foot orthoses are created based on a mold or a digital scan of the individual's foot, taking into account their specific needs and medical condition. These devices are typically prescribed by healthcare professionals such as podiatrists, orthopedic surgeons, or physical therapists to treat various conditions such as plantar fasciitis, flat feet, high arches, bunions, diabetic foot ulcers, or arthritis.

Foot orthoses can help improve foot function, reduce pain and discomfort, prevent further deformities, and enhance overall mobility and quality of life.

Soft tissue injuries refer to damages that occur in the body's connective tissues, such as ligaments, tendons, and muscles. These injuries can be caused by various events, including accidents, falls, or sports-related impacts. Common soft tissue injuries include sprains, strains, and contusions (bruises).

Sprains occur when the ligaments, which connect bones to each other, are stretched or torn. This usually happens in the joints like ankles, knees, or wrists. Strains, on the other hand, involve injuries to the muscles or tendons, often resulting from overuse or sudden excessive force. Contusions occur when blood vessels within the soft tissues get damaged due to a direct blow or impact, causing bleeding and subsequent bruising in the affected area.

Soft tissue injuries can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility. In some cases, these injuries may require medical treatment, including physical therapy, medication, or even surgery, depending on their severity and location. It is essential to seek proper medical attention for soft tissue injuries to ensure appropriate healing and prevent long-term complications or chronic pain.

Atmospheric pressure, also known as barometric pressure, is the force per unit area exerted by the Earth's atmosphere on objects. It is measured in units of force per unit area, such as pascals (Pa), pounds per square inch (psi), or, more commonly, millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined as 101,325 Pa (14.7 psi) or 760 mmHg (29.92 inches of mercury). Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude, as the weight of the air above becomes less. This decrease in pressure can affect various bodily functions, such as respiration and digestion, and may require adaptation for individuals living at high altitudes. Changes in atmospheric pressure can also be used to predict weather patterns, as low pressure systems are often associated with stormy or inclement weather.

Patient positioning in a medical context refers to the arrangement and placement of a patient's body in a specific posture or alignment on a hospital bed, examination table, or other medical device during medical procedures, surgeries, or diagnostic imaging examinations. The purpose of patient positioning is to optimize the patient's comfort, ensure their safety, facilitate access to the surgical site or area being examined, enhance the effectiveness of medical interventions, and improve the quality of medical images in diagnostic tests.

Proper patient positioning can help prevent complications such as pressure ulcers, nerve injuries, and respiratory difficulties. It may involve adjusting the height and angle of the bed, using pillows, blankets, or straps to support various parts of the body, and communicating with the patient to ensure they are comfortable and aware of what to expect during the procedure.

In surgical settings, patient positioning is carefully planned and executed by a team of healthcare professionals, including surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and surgical technicians, to optimize surgical outcomes and minimize risks. In diagnostic imaging examinations, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, patient positioning is critical for obtaining high-quality images that can aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

'Hospital Nursing Staff' refers to the group of healthcare professionals who are licensed and trained to provide nursing care to patients in a hospital setting. They work under the direction of a nurse manager or director and collaborate with an interdisciplinary team of healthcare providers, including physicians, therapists, social workers, and other support staff.

Hospital nursing staff can include registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs) or vocational nurses (LVNs), and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) such as nursing assistants, orderlies, and patient care technicians. Their responsibilities may vary depending on their role and the needs of the patients, but they typically include:

* Administering medications and treatments prescribed by physicians
* Monitoring patients' vital signs and overall condition
* Providing emotional support and education to patients and their families
* Assisting with activities of daily living such as bathing, dressing, and grooming
* Documenting patient care and progress in medical records
* Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to develop and implement individualized care plans.

Hospital nursing staff play a critical role in ensuring the safety, comfort, and well-being of hospitalized patients, and they are essential members of the healthcare team.

'Moving and lifting patients' is a term used in the medical field to refer to the process of safely transferring patients from one location or position to another. This can include tasks such as:

1. Transfers: Moving patients between surfaces, such as from a bed to a wheelchair, or from a wheelchair to a toilet.
2. Repositioning: Changing a patient's position in bed to prevent pressure sores, promote comfort, and facilitate breathing.
3. Ambulation: Assisting patients with walking or moving about in their environment.

Proper techniques are crucial in moving and lifting patients to prevent injury to both the patient and the caregiver. These techniques often involve the use of mechanical lifting devices, such as hoists or slide boards, and require proper body mechanics and communication between the caregiver and the patient.

Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.

Paraplegia is a medical condition characterized by partial or complete loss of motor function and sensation in the lower extremities, typically affecting both legs. This results from damage to the spinal cord, often due to trauma such as accidents, falls, or gunshot wounds, or from diseases like spina bifida, polio, or tumors. The specific area and extent of the injury on the spinal cord determine the severity and location of paralysis. Individuals with paraplegia may require assistive devices for mobility, such as wheelchairs, and may face various health challenges, including pressure sores, urinary tract infections, and chronic pain.

Venous pressure is the pressure exerted on the walls of a vein, which varies depending on several factors such as the volume and flow of blood within the vein, the contractile state of the surrounding muscles, and the position of the body. In clinical settings, venous pressure is often measured in the extremities (e.g., arms or legs) to assess the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

Central venous pressure (CVP) is a specific type of venous pressure that refers to the pressure within the large veins that enter the right atrium of the heart. CVP is an important indicator of right heart function and fluid status, as it reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump it forward. Normal CVP ranges from 0 to 8 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) in adults.

Elevated venous pressure can be caused by various conditions such as heart failure, obstruction of blood flow, or fluid overload, while low venous pressure may indicate dehydration or blood loss. Accurate measurement and interpretation of venous pressure require specialized equipment and knowledge, and are typically performed by healthcare professionals in a clinical setting.

A Severity of Illness Index is a measurement tool used in healthcare to assess the severity of a patient's condition and the risk of mortality or other adverse outcomes. These indices typically take into account various physiological and clinical variables, such as vital signs, laboratory values, and co-morbidities, to generate a score that reflects the patient's overall illness severity.

Examples of Severity of Illness Indices include the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) system, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS), and the Mortality Probability Model (MPM). These indices are often used in critical care settings to guide clinical decision-making, inform prognosis, and compare outcomes across different patient populations.

It is important to note that while these indices can provide valuable information about a patient's condition, they should not be used as the sole basis for clinical decision-making. Rather, they should be considered in conjunction with other factors, such as the patient's overall clinical presentation, treatment preferences, and goals of care.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

'Nursing care' is not a medical term, but rather a general term used to describe the overall process and services provided by registered nurses, licensed practical nurses, and other nursing professionals to promote, maintain, or restore the health of individuals, families, or communities. Nursing care involves various activities such as:

1. Assessment: Collecting and analyzing data related to the patient's physical, psychological, social, and emotional status to identify their healthcare needs.
2. Diagnosis: Identifying the patient's nursing diagnoses based on the assessment data.
3. Outcome identification: Determining the desired outcomes for the patient's health based on their diagnosis and individual needs.
4. Planning: Developing a plan of care that outlines the interventions, resources, and actions required to achieve the identified outcomes.
5. Implementation: Carrying out the planned interventions, including administering medications, providing wound care, educating patients and families, and collaborating with other healthcare professionals.
6. Evaluation: Monitoring and evaluating the patient's progress towards achieving the desired outcomes and modifying the plan of care as needed.

Nursing care is a critical component of the overall healthcare system and encompasses various nursing specialties such as pediatrics, gerontology, critical care, oncology, and mental health, among others.

Practice guidelines, also known as clinical practice guidelines, are systematically developed statements that aim to assist healthcare professionals and patients in making informed decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. They are based on a thorough evaluation of the available scientific evidence, consensus of expert opinion, and consideration of patient preferences. Practice guidelines can cover a wide range of topics, including diagnosis, management, prevention, and treatment options for various medical conditions. They are intended to improve the quality and consistency of care, reduce unnecessary variations in practice, and promote evidence-based medicine. However, they should not replace clinical judgment or individualized patient care.

Risk assessment in the medical context refers to the process of identifying, evaluating, and prioritizing risks to patients, healthcare workers, or the community related to healthcare delivery. It involves determining the likelihood and potential impact of adverse events or hazards, such as infectious diseases, medication errors, or medical devices failures, and implementing measures to mitigate or manage those risks. The goal of risk assessment is to promote safe and high-quality care by identifying areas for improvement and taking action to minimize harm.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Arterial pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries during its flow through them. It is usually measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two numbers: systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is the higher value, representing the pressure when the heart contracts and pushes blood into the arteries. Diastolic pressure is the lower value, representing the pressure when the heart relaxes and fills with blood. A normal resting blood pressure for adults is typically around 120/80 mmHg.

Ventricular pressure refers to the pressure within the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart. In the left ventricle, the pressure measures the force that the blood exerts on the walls as it is pumped out to the rest of the body. In the right ventricle, the pressure measures the force of the blood being pumped into the pulmonary artery and ultimately to the lungs for oxygenation.

Normally, the left ventricular pressure ranges from 8-12 mmHg at rest when the heart is relaxed (diastolic pressure) and can increase up to 120-140 mmHg during contraction (systolic pressure). The right ventricular pressure is lower than the left, with a normal diastolic pressure of 0-6 mmHg and a systolic pressure ranging from 15-30 mmHg.

Abnormal ventricular pressures can indicate various heart conditions, such as heart failure, hypertension, or valvular heart disease. Regular monitoring of ventricular pressure is essential in managing these conditions and ensuring proper heart function.

Medical Definition:

"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.

The term "diabetic foot" refers to a condition that affects the feet of people with diabetes, particularly when the disease is not well-controlled. It is characterized by a combination of nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation (peripheral artery disease) in the feet and lower legs.

Neuropathy can cause numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet, making it difficult for people with diabetes to feel injuries, cuts, blisters, or other foot problems. Poor circulation makes it harder for wounds to heal and increases the risk of infection.

Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetic neuropathy and can lead to serious infections, hospitalization, and even amputation if not treated promptly and effectively. Preventive care, including regular foot exams, proper footwear, and good blood glucose control, is essential for people with diabetes to prevent or manage diabetic foot problems.

A surgical flap is a specialized type of surgical procedure where a section of living tissue (including skin, fat, muscle, and/or blood vessels) is lifted from its original site and moved to another location, while still maintaining a blood supply through its attached pedicle. This technique allows the surgeon to cover and reconstruct defects or wounds that cannot be closed easily with simple suturing or stapling.

Surgical flaps can be classified based on their vascularity, type of tissue involved, or method of transfer. The choice of using a specific type of surgical flap depends on the location and size of the defect, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's expertise. Some common types of surgical flaps include:

1. Random-pattern flaps: These flaps are based on random blood vessels within the tissue and are typically used for smaller defects in areas with good vascularity, such as the face or scalp.
2. Axial pattern flaps: These flaps are designed based on a known major blood vessel and its branches, allowing them to cover larger defects or reach distant sites. Examples include the radial forearm flap and the anterolateral thigh flap.
3. Local flaps: These flaps involve tissue adjacent to the wound and can be further classified into advancement, rotation, transposition, and interpolation flaps based on their movement and orientation.
4. Distant flaps: These flaps are harvested from a distant site and then transferred to the defect after being tunneled beneath the skin or through a separate incision. Examples include the groin flap and the latissimus dorsi flap.
5. Free flaps: In these flaps, the tissue is completely detached from its original blood supply and then reattached at the new site using microvascular surgical techniques. This allows for greater flexibility in terms of reach and placement but requires specialized expertise and equipment.

Surgical flaps play a crucial role in reconstructive surgery, helping to restore form and function after trauma, tumor removal, or other conditions that result in tissue loss.

A "University Hospital" is a type of hospital that is often affiliated with a medical school or university. These hospitals serve as major teaching institutions where medical students, residents, and fellows receive their training and education. They are equipped with advanced medical technology and resources to provide specialized and tertiary care services. University hospitals also conduct research and clinical trials to advance medical knowledge and practices. Additionally, they often treat complex and rare cases and provide a wide range of medical services to the community.

Heart rate is the number of heartbeats per unit of time, often expressed as beats per minute (bpm). It can vary significantly depending on factors such as age, physical fitness, emotions, and overall health status. A resting heart rate between 60-100 bpm is generally considered normal for adults, but athletes and individuals with high levels of physical fitness may have a resting heart rate below 60 bpm due to their enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Monitoring heart rate can provide valuable insights into an individual's health status, exercise intensity, and response to various treatments or interventions.

Total Quality Management (TQM) is not a medical term per se, but rather a management approach that has been adopted in various industries, including healthcare. Here's a general definition:

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a customer-focused management framework that involves all employees in an organization in continuous improvement efforts to meet or exceed customer expectations. It is based on the principles of quality control, continuous process improvement, and customer satisfaction. TQM aims to create a culture where all members of the organization are responsible for quality, with the goal of providing defect-free products or services to customers consistently.

In healthcare, TQM can be used to improve patient care, reduce medical errors, increase efficiency, and enhance patient satisfaction. It involves the use of data-driven decision-making, process improvement techniques such as Lean and Six Sigma, and a focus on evidence-based practices. The ultimate goal of TQM in healthcare is to provide high-quality, safe, and cost-effective care to patients.

The ischium is a part of the pelvic bone, specifically the lower and posterior portion. It is one of the three bones that fuse together to form each half of the pelvis, along with the ilium (the upper and largest portion) and the pubis (anteriorly).

The ischium has a thick, robust structure because it supports our body weight when we sit. Its main parts include:

1. The ischial tuberosity (sitting bone): This is the roughened, weight-bearing portion where you typically feel discomfort after sitting for long periods.
2. The ischial spine: A thin bony projection that serves as an attachment point for various muscles and ligaments.
3. The ramus of the ischium: The slender, curved part that extends downwards and joins with the pubis to form the inferior (lower) portion of the pelvic ring called the obturator foramen.

Together with the other components of the pelvis, the ischium plays a crucial role in providing stability, supporting the lower limbs, and protecting internal organs.

"Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate" refers to a program of study that leads to a Bachelor's degree in the field of nursing. The curriculum typically includes coursework in topics such as anatomy and physiology, microbiology, chemistry, psychology, and social sciences, as well as clinical experiences in various healthcare settings.

The baccalaureate nursing program prepares graduates to provide safe, quality care to patients across the lifespan in a variety of settings. Graduates are eligible to take the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN) and become licensed as registered nurses (RNs).

Baccalaureate nursing education provides a strong foundation for graduate study in nursing, including advanced practice nursing, nursing education, and nursing leadership roles. It also promotes the development of critical thinking, leadership, communication, and evidence-based practice skills that are essential for success in the nursing profession.

The sacrococcygeal region is the lower part of the back where the spine ends, specifically referring to the area where the sacrum (a triangular bone at the base of the spine formed by the fusion of several vertebrae) meets the coccyx (also known as the tailbone). This region is located at the very bottom of the spine and is susceptible to injury or trauma due to its position and role in supporting the body's weight. It is also a common site for birth defects, particularly in newborns.

National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (U.S.), European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance) ( ... Independent Living (UK) National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure ... pressure ulcers and those with bedsores is the redistribution of pressure so that no pressure is applied to the pressure ulcer ... National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (U.S.), European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. ...
"Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment: The Braden Scale for Prediction Pressure Sore Risk." Health Services Advisory Group of ... a pressure ulcer while the lowest possible score of 6 points represents the severest risk for developing a pressure ulcer. The ... assess a patient's risk of developing a pressure ulcer. The Braden scale assesses a patient's risk of developing a pressure ... This combines for a possible total of 23 points, with a higher score meaning a lower risk of developing a pressure ulcer and ...
Drug induced ulcer. Pressure ulcer. Trauma. Idiopathic (i.e. unknown cause). Investigations used in the diagnosis of SRUS ... But only 20% of patients have a single ulcer whereas in other cases there may be multiple lesions. The size of the ulcers is ... Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome or SRUS is a chronic, benign disorder of the rectal mucosa (the lining of the rectum). It ... This can improve symptoms in up to 67% of cases and allow some degree of healing of the ulcer in about 30% of cases. Use of a ...
A very common and dangerous type of skin ulcer is caused by what are called pressure-sensitive sores, more commonly called bed ... Patients may feel pain on the skin around the ulcer, and fluid may ooze from the ulcer. In some cases, ulcers can bleed and, ... This stress in the blood circulation is transformed to a skin ulcer, commonly known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers. Ulcers ... Different types of discharges from ulcer are: Serous, usually seen in healing ulcer Purulent, seen in infected ulcer. Yellow ...
A similar condition involving elevated intracranial pressure is known as Cushing's ulcer.[citation needed] While emergency ... Cushing ulcer Pruitt, Basil A. Jr.; F.D. Foley & John A. Moncrief (October 1970). "Curling's ulcer: a clinical-pathology study ... Curling's ulcer is an acute gastric erosion resulting as a complication from severe burns when reduced plasma volume leads to ... June 1972). "Curling's ulcer in children: a 12-year review of 63 cases". Journal of Trauma. 12 (6): 490-6. doi:10.1097/00005373 ...
A Cushing ulcer, named after Harvey Cushing, is a gastric ulcer associated with elevated intracranial pressure. It is also ... As Cushing ulcers have a higher incidence of developing after shock, sepsis or trauma, diagnosis should include recent medical ... of Cushing ulcers is thought to be due to direct stimulation of vagal nuclei as a result of increased intracranial pressure. ... Both endoscopy and angiography can be used to locate the lesion or ulcer, though endoscopy is more commonly used as a first- ...
Lohi J, Sipponen A, Jokinen JJ (March 2010). "Local dressings for pressure ulcers: what is the best tool to apply in primary ... Compression therapy is used for venous leg ulcers and can decrease blood vessel diameter and pressure, which increases their ... A venous ulcer is typically shallow with irregular sloping edges whereas an arterial ulcer can be deep and has a 'punched out' ... Venous ulcers are typically 'wet' with a moderate to heavy exudate, whereas arterial ulcers are typically 'dry' and scabbed. ...
Adverse health effects include the formation of pressure ulcers, low back pain, and lumbar immobility and joint stiffness. ... Collins, F (2001). "Sitting: Pressure ulcer development". Nursing Standard. 15 (22): 54-8. doi:10.7748/ns2001.02.15.22.54.c2984 ... An ill-fitting seating system can increase tone, since any noxious stimuli, such as irritation or pressure, can trigger ... and also dynamic enough to help prevent painful and damaging shear and the prolonged adverse pressure of immobility. Hypotonia ...
Technology for Pressure Ulcer Prevention. Topics in Spinal Cord Injury. Spring 2006; 11(4): 30-41. Jan YK, Brienza DM, and ... pressure sore and ulcer prevention, soft tissue biomechanics, telerehabilitation technology and wheelchair technology. Kim, JB ...
"Pressure ulcers". BMJ Clinical Evidence. 2011. PMC 3217823. PMID 21524319. Cullum N, Petherick E (2008). "Pressure ulcers". BMJ ... Aziz Z, Flemming K (2015). "Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers" (PDF). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 (9): ... A 2015 review found that the evidence supporting the use of electrotherapy in healing pressure ulcers was of low quality, and a ... was effective in healing pressure ulcers. Earlier reviews found that, because of low-quality evidence, it was unclear whether ...
Venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, malignancy, infection, inflammation and stress are ... Chronic wounds such as venous leg ulcers, arterial ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, and malignant wounds can have ... Pressure ulcers are caused by unrelieved pressure or friction and shear in combination with pressure. The pain experienced with ... "National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel's updated pressure ulcer staging system". Advances in Skin & Wound Care. 20 (5): 269-274 ...
... the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (1996). Professor Bale is a fellow of the Royal College of Nursing. Bale, Sue; V. ...
Prior to this study, African-American nursing home residents with one pressure ulcer were likely to have multiple ulcers ... Pressure ulcers were dramatically reduced. In addition, using the animation, the nursing staff learned to identify early stage ... After the education, no one, white or black, had more than a single pressure ulcer. In 2004 Fox Learning Systems conducted a ... Ability, Incentives, and Management Feedback: Organizational Change to Reduce Pressure Ulcers in a Nursing Home], Journal of ...
1994): "Treatment of Pressure Ulcers". Clinical Practice Guideline, number 15. Publication 95-0652 of the Agency for Health ...
Ailments caused by pressure ulcers. No results of clinical trials have been published. Venalax is not approved by the FDA 2 ...
As of 2016 it is unclear if bed rest is useful for people in wheelchairs who have pressure ulcers. Bed rest may be sufficient ... Additionally, prolonged bed rest can lead to the formation of skin pressure ulcers. Even physical exercise in bed fails to ... "Bed rest for pressure ulcer healing in wheelchair users". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (10): CD011999. doi ... It is also not recommended for routine use in pregnant women with high blood pressure or to prevent miscarriage. Women pregnant ...
Bluestein D, Javaheri A (November 2008). "Pressure ulcers: prevention, evaluation, and management". American Family Physician. ... This constant pressure is often caused by a reflex mechanism to counteract the low arterial blood pressure exacerbated by ... As a result of pressure, coma blisters most commonly develop on pressure points such as the ankles, heels, knees, elbows, ... positioning the individual away from their wound to relieve any pressure on the site, and preventing the formation of pressure ...
In 2015 Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews found no evidence that EMT was useful in healing pressure ulcers or venous ... Aziz, Z.; Bell-Syer, S. E. (3 September 2015). "Electromagnetic therapy for treating pressure ulcers". The Cochrane Database of ... Aziz, Z.; Cullum, N. (2 July 2015). "Electromagnetic therapy for treating venous leg ulcers" (PDF). The Cochrane Database of ... "ulcers, headaches, burns, chronic pain, nerve disorders, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, gum infections, asthma, bronchitis, ...
"Bedsores (pressure ulcers) - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2018-03-12. Kawano, Lynn. "Police: Woman who ... A high rate of medical complications was reported, including pressure ulcers and urinary tract infections. In Roald Dahl's ... People with disabilities who are bedridden are at risk for developing pressure sores. Those who are bedridden are at risk in a ... and using items that can help reduce pressure, such as pillows or foam padding. One Indian study of care given to bedridden ...
A total Waterlow score ≥10 indicates risk for pressure ulcer. A high risk score is ≥15. A very high risk exists at scores ≥20. ... Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk Waterlow Score - Tool Evaluation: Melbourne Health "Waterlow Score Card". ... The Waterlow score (or Waterlow scale) gives an estimated risk for the development of a pressure sore in a given patient. The ...
May 2018). "Deferoxamine can prevent pressure ulcers and accelerate healing in aged mice". Wound Repair and Regeneration. 26 (3 ... January 2015). "Transdermal deferoxamine prevents pressure-induced diabetic ulcers". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... University, © Stanford; Stanford; California 94305 (2015-01-23). "Skin patch could help heal, prevent diabetic ulcers, study ...
May 2018). "Deferoxamine can prevent pressure ulcers and accelerate healing in aged mice". Wound Repair and Regeneration. 26 (3 ... January 2015). "Transdermal deferoxamine prevents pressure-induced diabetic ulcers". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... is a direct modulator of HIF-1α expression in the presence of normal oxygen pressure. siRNA (small interfering RNA) studies for ...
V.A.C. systems used for negative pressure wound therapy. Negative pressure wound therapy Pressure ulcer "Products". Acelity. ... pressure ulcers, chronic wounds and diabetic ulcers but also assistance with surgery. The therapeutic support systems developed ... The largest of these business units is dedicated to wound care primarily negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of ... KCI produced the first product developed specifically for negative pressure wound therapy. In 2013, the company employed 5,000 ...
Concern with use include: pain, agitation, and pressure ulcers. A systematic review found cervical collar related skin ulcers ... Ham, W; Schoonhoven, L; Schuurmans, MJ; Leenen, LP (April 2014). "Pressure ulcers from spinal immobilization in trauma patients ... A vacuum mattress and scoop board typically results in lower pressures. Studies with volunteers have found that using a hard ... from the devices in 7 to 38%. If a longboard is used, cushioning it is useful to decrease discomfort due to pressure. ...
MPPT has also been used on pressure ulcers, including chronic non-healing ulcers and was in a similar manner able to promote ... MPPT has also been used on diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers, including ulcers that were chronic and non-healing and ... The study included nine dehisced surgical wounds and one category 4 pressure ulcer. Standard-of-care for these types of wounds ... Venous Leg Ulcers, and Diabetic Foot Ulcers". Wounds: A Compendium of Clinical Research and Practice. 29 (8): 1-9. ISSN 1943- ...
Has stomach ulcer for being under pressure of doing well for his parents. Yasuharu Tajima Supposedly an ex-Triad goon, he ... Due to the pressure mounting on him on the divorce with his parents, he shoots himself in the head with his father's hunting ... Was responsible for pressuring Takashi to commit suicide. Met Iida again to provide information about Mie Tada (Tae Sato), aka ... Father of Takashi, who had killed himself over family pressure with the help of his friend, Aya Koike. Killed his ex-wife, ...
Forty-two patients with stage II-IV pressure ulcers for 4 or more weeks were allocated to 1 of 3 groups in order of recruitment ... Sakae K, Agata T, Kamide R, Yanagisawa H (2013). "Effects of L-carnosine and its zinc complex (Polaprezinc) on pressure ulcer ... Patients with stage II-IV pressure ulcers for ≥ 8 weeks received 150 mg/day polaprezinc (containing 116 mg L-carnosine and 34 ... Sakae K, Yanagisawa H (2014). "Oral treatment of pressure ulcers with polaprezinc (zinc L-carnosine complex): 8-week open-label ...
Mégie conducted thematic activities on the treatment of pressure ulcers. Throughout her career, she participated as an ...
Levine JM (March 1992). "Historical notes on pressure ulcers: the cure of Ambrose Paré". Decubitus. 5 (2): 23-4, 26. PMID ... thus exposing the dura mater in order to treat health problems related to intracranial pressure and other diseases.[citation ...
p.8. ISBN 0-7190-6737-5 Levine JM (March 1992). "Historical notes on pressure ulcers: the cure of Ambrose Paré". Decubitus. 5 ( ... Of ulcers. III. Of diseases of the anus. IV. Of the king's evil. V. Of wounds. VI. Of gun-shot wounds. VII. Of fractures and ... On Ulcers, On Fistulae, and On Hemorrhoids. Herophilus of Chalcedon and Erasistratus of Ceos were two great Alexandrians who ... hole is drilled or scraped into the skull for exposing the dura mater to treat health problems related to intracranial pressure ...
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (U.S.), European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance) ( ... Independent Living (UK) National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure ... pressure ulcers and those with bedsores is the redistribution of pressure so that no pressure is applied to the pressure ulcer ... National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (U.S.), European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. ...
... or pressure sores. They can form when your skin and soft tissue press against a harder surface, such as a chair or bed, for a ... or pressure sores. They can form when your skin and soft tissue press against a harder surface, such as a chair or bed, for a ... Pressure ulcers are also called bedsores, or pressure sores. They can form when your skin and soft tissue press against a ... Treatment of pressure ulcers: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(5 ...
Pressure sores, also called bedsores, tend to form in people who require help to change positions. Here, learn how to spot them ... Also known as pressure ulcers, these sores form due to lasting pressure on specific areas of the body. They can develop ... Treatment: Pressure ulcers (pressure sores). (2020).. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pressure-sores/treatment/. ... Pressure ulcers (Pressure sores). (2020).. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pressure-sores/. ...
encoded search term (Pressure Injuries (Pressure Ulcers) and Wound Care) and Pressure Injuries (Pressure Ulcers) and Wound Care ... The terms decubitus ulcer (from Latin decumbere, "to lie down"), pressure sore, and pressure ulcer have often been used ... National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels updated pressure ulcer staging system. Dermatol Nurs. 2007 Aug. 19(4):343-9; quiz 350 ... Pressure Ulcers: Prevalence, Incidence, and Implications for the Future. Washington, DC: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel ...
This guideline provides recommendation for the prevention, assessment, and management of pressure ulcers in adults and children ... Guidelines on the Prevention of Foot Ulcers in Persons With Diabetes (IWGDF 2023 Update) Jun 11, 2023 ... Recommendations on various interventions for the prevention of foot ulcers with corresponding rationale. ...
On-Time Pressure Ulcer Healing: Facilitator Training, AHRQs Safety Program for Nursing Homes. ... Ulcer Info. Ulcer Onset Date. Ulcer Site. Ulcer Days. Initial Ulcer Stage. Current Stage. Ulcer Origin. Ulcer Length (cm) x ... Ulcer Onset Date. Ulcer Site. Ulcer Days. Initial Ulcer Stage. Most Recent Assessed Ulcer Stage. Ulcer Origin. Ulcer Status. # ... Pressure Ulcer Count by Unit. Unit A. Month: January 2014 All Pressure Ulcers. # Ulcers Present on Admission (POA). # Ulcers In ...
Prevention of heel pressure ulcers among older patients - from ambulance care to hospital discharge: A multi-centre randomized ... Muntlin Athlin Å, Engström M, Gunningberg L, Bååth C. Heel pressure ulcer, prevention and predictors during the care delivery ... The aim was to study the incidence of pressure sores among patients over 70 years of age who are brought into hospital, with ... Sub-project 1: Heel protection for prevention of pressure sores - from ambulance to discharge, a randomized, controlled study ...
Pressure Ulcer Prevention Market Industry Share and Forecast till 2029 , Fortune Business Insights ... Pressure Ulcer Prevention Market Size, Share & COVID-19 Impact Analysis, By Product Type (Static Support Surfaces {Foam ... Mattresses, Gel Overlays, Alternating Pressure Pads, and Others}, Dynamic Support Surfaces {Alternating-air Mattresses, Low air ...
His research involves the prevention of pressure ulcers in critically ill trauma patients in the ICU.  This webinar will be ... The webinar will focus on the prevention of pressure ulcers in the ED, OR and ICU with evidence-based solutions for the heel, ... Mölnlycke Health Care US, a manufacturer of advanced wound care, will present a free webinar on pressure ulcer prevention on ... Brindle and Santamaria will examine risk factors associated with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers in departments like the OR ...
In conjunction with the annual Stop Pressure Ulcer Day (SPUD) in November - we will host another SPUD webinar. ... Whats new in pressure injury prevention and what are the impacts across care settings. Join us as we listen to a webinar led ... William Padula to mark the World Wide Pressure Injury Prevention Day. 20 November, 2019, 7:00 AM EST & 1:00 PM EST. ... Current: Whats new in pressure injury prevention and what are the impacts across care settings ...
Healing pressure ulcers with collagen or hydro-colloid: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. February 2003;51:147- ... The investigators enrolled nursing home patients with stage II to III pressure ulcers in a single-blind, randomized trial, in ... Effective wound healing and cost considerations dictate the dressing choice in the treatment of pressure ulcers. Graumlich and ... The authors conclude that no differences could be detected between collagen and hydrocolloid treatment of pressure ulcers in ...
Infected pressure ulcer A pressure ulcer on the back of a 65-year-old woman. Constant pressure on an area of skin causes it to ... Deep ulcer Close up of a pressure ulcer on the buttock of a patient. This deep ulcer has a well-defined margin. There is a ... Developing pressure ulcers Red and flakey skin on the heels of a patient that is developing pressure ulcers. Regular turning, ... Pressure ulcer prevention Nurse massaging a patient in a coma to stop pressure ulcers from developing. ...
Pressure Ulcers, Psoriasis, stainless steel, Surprises, Tap ... High Blood Pressure, Hot Little Hands, Immune System, Longevity ...
Pressure ulcers can weaken the skins ability to protect against environmental assaults like extremes of temperature and ... Pressure ulcers can weaken the skins ability to protect against environmental assaults like extremes of temperature and ... In this article, youll learn what causes pressure ulcers, how to determine whos most at risk for skin breakdown, what steps ... and which treatments work best to heal a pressure ulcer. ... Damage control: Preventing and treating pressure ulcers * Share ...
... are used to treat pressure ulcers. An evidence-based overview of dressings for pressure ulcers is needed to enable informed ... Pressure ulcers (pressure injuries or bed sores) are wounds that develop on bony parts of the body such as the heels, hips and ... Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure injuries and bed sores, are localised areas of injury to the skin or underlying tissues ... Treatments for pressure ulcers include dressings, antibiotics and antiseptics, and pressure-relieving mattresses or cushions. ...
Unit 1 - Introduction to pressure ulcers *identify and retain an overview of pressure ulcers; including what they are and where ... identify the warning signs and risk associated with vulnerability to pressure ulcers ...
Pressure Ulcer Devices Market - Scope of Report The latest publication by Persistence Market Research on the global pressure ... ulcer devices market evaluates the opportunities and current market landscape and provides detailed analysis and updates a ... Market Study on Pressure Ulcer Devices: Speciality Beds to Account for Nearly One-third Market Share. ... Figure 6 : Global Pressure Ulcer Devices Market (Product: Mattress Overlays, Pressure Relief Cushions, Alternating Pressure ...
Patients develop pressure ulcers during admissions to long-term or acute care settings, which can be costly. Learn more at ... Patient positioners stop pressure ulcers before they happen Patient positioners stop pressure ulcers before they happen. ... Avoid pressure ulcers with patient positioners. Hospitals and practices of every size cannot ignore the physical and financial ... While the severity of these incidents vary from stage I to IV, each pressure ulcer may cost upwards of $120,000 to treat. As ...
A discussion about health care staff accountability in the risk assessment and prevention of pressure ulcers in patients in ... It is the first place that I know of to track pressure ulcer data. She had a little red book where she recorded every pressure ... He had a pressure ulcer, which was noticed on admission at our facility. He had been in the critical care unit and was only on ... Introducing Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scales. As a matron all those years ago, before the introduction of intensive care ...
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Pressure ulcers (PUs) occur in various care settings in patients of different ages. Implications of pressure ulcers at the ... "Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers." BusinessEssay, 9 Dec. 2022, business-essay.com/hospital-acquired-pressure-ulcers/. ... 2022, December 9). Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers. https://business-essay.com/hospital-acquired-pressure-ulcers/ ... "Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers." December 9, 2022. https://business-essay.com/hospital-acquired-pressure-ulcers/. ...
The results of this study highlight an important knowledge deficit about pressure ulcer prevention. The PUKAT 2.0 knowledge ... Background: Pressure ulcers have a high impact on patients and their families. Profound and up-to-date knowledge among nurses ... Conclusion: The results of this study highlight an important knowledge deficit about pressure ulcer prevention. The PUKAT 2.0 ... Knowledge of nurses and nursing assistants about pressure ulcer prevention: A survey in 16 Belgian hospitals using the PUKAT ...
Resources: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. *Aug 01, 2018. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) continues ... In 2016, NPUAP adopted pressure injury as the preferred term over pressure ulcer, and Suspected Deep Tissue Pressure Injury was ... the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA), to incorporate new ... from illustrations of the different stages of pressure injuries to educational opportunities and news about pressure injuries ...
These strategies allow staff to intervene in a timely manner with at-risk residents to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers ... Staff use the meetings and reports to identify residents at high risk of developing pressure ulcers and adjust care plans ... AHRQ-Funded Program Helps Nursing Home Reduce Pressure Ulcers By 60 Percent Search All Impact Case Studies ... Internet Citation: AHRQ-Funded Program Helps Nursing Home Reduce Pressure Ulcers By 60 Percent. Content last reviewed October ...
encoded search term (Pressure Injuries (Pressure Ulcers) and Wound Care) and Pressure Injuries (Pressure Ulcers) and Wound Care ... National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels updated pressure ulcer staging system. Dermatol Nurs. 2007 Aug. 19(4):343-9; quiz 350 ... Pressure Ulcers: Prevalence, Incidence, and Implications for the Future. Washington, DC: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel ... Pressure-relieving devices consistently reduce pressure below capillary closing pressure; pressure-reducing devices keep ...
Pressure Ulcers Children v4 Download. Overview. Patient Information Leaflet for pressure ulcers children . ...
When the medical record reflects the individual has UWL and a pressure ulcer, then the focus of my review is to determine how ... Frequently I am asked to review medical records to determine if an individuals pressure ulcers failed to heal because of ... Discussion of alternative methods of nutrition and hydration when individual refuses adequate intake and pressure ulcers fail ... and pressure ulcers. After devoting 35 years as a consultant dietitian to nursing homes, I am well aware of the challenges ...
What are pressure ulcers? Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bed sores) are wounds to the skin and underlying ... Effects in treating pressure ulcers We found two reviews on pressure ulcer healing. From these, we included four studies (397 ... Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure injuries, pressure sores and bed sores) are localised injuries to the skin or ... pressure air surfaces may reduce pressure ulcer risk and are probably more cost-effective in preventing pressure ulcers. ...
The most significant postoperative mortality was found in those with serious pressure ulcer, such as pressure ulcer with local ... Surgical patients with pressure ulcer had approximately 1.83-fold risk (95% confidence interval 1.54-2.18) of 30-day ... Our findings suggest the urgency of preventing and managing preoperative pressure ulcer by a multidisciplinary medical team for ... With a propensity score matching procedure, 17391 surgical patients without pressure ulcer were selected for comparison. Eight ...
... the study included residents who were vulnerable to or already had pressure ulcers. In addition, four pressure ulcers healed ... An automatic repositioning system to prevent pressure ulcers: a case series. Knibbe, Nico E. LOCOmotion Research, Bennekom, the ... The Danish automated Vendlet V5s repositioning system is intended to reduce pressure ulcer risk in patients and work-related ... Automatic repositioning systems, Ergonomics, Musculoskeletal disorders, Pressure ulcer prevention, Repositioning, Skin ...
  • formerly the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel [NPUAP]) has stated that pressure injury the best term to use, given that open ulceration does not always occur. (medscape.com)
  • The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) continues to be the "authoritative voice for improved patient outcomes in pressure injury prevention. (mobilitymgmt.com)
  • National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel: Pressure ulcer prevalence, cost and risk assessment: consensus development conference statement. (japmaonline.org)
  • The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) defines a pressure ulcer as an area of unrelieved pressure over a defined area, usually over a bony prominence, resulting in ischemia, cell death, and tissue necrosis. (medscape.com)
  • Pressure ulcers, also known as pressure sores, bed sores or pressure injuries, are localised damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of usually long-term pressure, or pressure in combination with shear or friction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sores may recur if those with pressure ulcers do not follow recommended treatment or may instead develop seromas, hematomas, infections, or wound dehiscence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Paralyzed individuals are the most likely to have pressure sores recur. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some cases, complications from pressure sores can be life-threatening. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pressure ulcers are also called bedsores, or pressure sores. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Bedsores, or pressure sores, may develop if a person spends a long time in the same position. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Also known as pressure ulcers, these sores form due to lasting pressure on specific areas of the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Research from 2015 indicates that pressure sores affect 3 million people in the United States. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • While there is limited evidence that any specific diet can help treat pressure sores, protein supplementation may boost healing and reduce wound size. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Sub-project 1: Heel protection for prevention of pressure sores - from ambulance to discharge, a randomized, controlled study in four county councils. (hig.se)
  • The aim was to study the incidence of pressure sores among patients over 70 years of age who are brought into hospital, with and without heel protection, and the health-economic effects. (hig.se)
  • Prevention of pressure sores is easier than curing them. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • Frequent turning and scrupulous hygiene is necessary to help prevent the formation of pressure sores in bedridden people. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • Pressure ulcers (pressure injuries or bed sores) are wounds that develop on bony parts of the body such as the heels, hips and lower back. (cochrane.org)
  • Whether a patient needs to lie in a supine, prostrate or lateral position during his or her downtime, AliMed's line of patient positioners has everything physicians need to protect patients from pressure sores. (alimed.com)
  • Foam and gel positioners lift body parts off suffocating bedding to reduce four of the five main causes of sores - pressure, traction, friction and moisture. (alimed.com)
  • Hospitals and practices of every size cannot ignore the physical and financial tolls pressure sores take on their patients. (alimed.com)
  • His pursuit to develop a pressure relieving material, that would help prevent pressure sores in immobilized patients, has spurred a worldwide revolution in the pressure management industry. (actionproducts.com)
  • White Papers These studies prove that AKTON polymer works to reduce the development of pressure sores. (actionproducts.com)
  • Pressure ulcers (also known as pressure sores or bed sores) are wounds to the skin and underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure or rubbing. (cochrane.org)
  • What complications do pressure sores accompany? (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Complications of pressure sores include Infections like Cellulitis (a type of skin infection), Osteomyelitis (a type of bone infection), bacterial infection, Necrotizing fasciitis, Endocarditis (infection of the heart lining), Meningitis, Septic arthritis, Abscesses etc. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • In March 2004, tragedy struck a second time when Alvarez, who could not turn independently and needed assistance to get out of bed, developed bed sores (also called pressure sores, pressure ulcers and decubitus ulcers). (newyorkinjurycasesblog.com)
  • Pressure ulcers are also known as pressure sores, or bed sores. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • to treat existing pressure sores by cleaning them and by using antibiotics, improved nutrition and, in the most severe cases, surgery. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • The areas that are most at risk of developing pressure sores are the parts of the body that are not covered by a high level of body fat and are in direct contact with a supporting surface, such as a bed, or wheelchair. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • Up to 13% of patients develop pressure sores while being treated in an intensive care (Hunt, 1993). (researchomatic.com)
  • Problem: Last year federal centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced that they would no longer reimburse hospitals for treatment of new pressure sores in Medicare patients. (blablawriting.net)
  • The investigators enrolled nursing home patients with stage II to III pressure ulcers in a single-blind, randomized trial, in which participants received collagen or hydrocolloid dressings, continuing treatment for eight weeks. (aafp.org)
  • Pressure ulcers often occur in bedridden, elderly patients, especially those who are unconscious. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • Pressure ulcer treatment is a significant burden to patients, their carer(s) and healthcare systems worldwide. (cochrane.org)
  • Each year, as many as 3 million patients in the U.S. develop pressure ulcers during admissions to long-term or acute care settings. (alimed.com)
  • Effective pressure ulcer prevention strategies feature nursing staff who rotate patients at regular intervals, but workforce shortages and large patient populations may make this unrealistic. (alimed.com)
  • Even in the operating room, patients are at risk of developing pressure ulcers, and the unique body positions required during surgery can make it difficult for physicians to focus on both the procedure at hand and the constant threat of ulcers. (alimed.com)
  • It was due to the data she presented to the surgeons on heel ulcers that stopped them tightly securing the heel of patients undergoing pin and plate for fractured neck of femur. (woundsource.com)
  • For over 50 years, Action Products has designed and manufactured patient positioners and support surfaces that help protect your patients against pressure injuries. (actionproducts.com)
  • Pressure ulcers (PUs) occur in various care settings in patients of different ages. (business-essay.com)
  • Implications of pressure ulcers at the national level are severe as insidious complications of HAPUs affect 2.5 million patients annually (Pickham et al. (business-essay.com)
  • 2018). For some groups of patients, in particular, critically ill ones, application of standardized scales to identify the risk level of pressure ulcer showed poor performance prediction (Ranzani et al. (business-essay.com)
  • Pressure ulcers have a high impact on patients and their families. (nih.gov)
  • The NPUAP is seeking input from patients (or their caregivers and families) who have had a pressure injury or have taken steps to prevent one. (mobilitymgmt.com)
  • Because the complication rate after pressure injury reconstruction can be extremely high, patients who are poor surgical candidates in general should not undergo this procedure. (medscape.com)
  • Initial studies of electrotherapy seem promising, and topical application of the recombinant human growth factor becaplermin has been approved for use in patients with diabetic neuropathic ulcers of the lower extremity. (medscape.com)
  • For some individuals with pressure injuries, such as acutely hospitalized patients with a recoverable illness, aggressive treatment, as outlined in this article, is certainly indicated. (medscape.com)
  • The majority of the cases involve long-term care facilities and the patients are older adults who had unintended weight loss (UWL) and pressure ulcers. (woundsource.com)
  • The Danish automated Vendlet V5s repositioning system is intended to reduce pressure ulcer risk in patients and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in caregivers. (diva-portal.org)
  • Chronic nonhealing pressure ulcers of the heel in nursing homes are frequent occurrences among bedridden patients with lower-extremity contractures of varying degrees of severity. (japmaonline.org)
  • Pressure ulcer is a term used to refer to skin breakdown in an area that has been under prolonged pressure, most commonly seen in bedridden patients or in people who stay in one position too long without shifting their weight. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Bedsores occur in patients who are bedridden for a long period or suffer a prolonged pressure over an area of skin for a stretch of time. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Relationship between ulcer healing after hyperbaric oxygen therapy and transcutaneous oximetry, toe blood pressure and ankle-brachial index in patients with diabetes and chronic foot ulcers. (lu.se)
  • In patients exposed to the same pressure load and duration of surgery, individual intrinsic factors appear to play a larger role in development of a pressure ulcer than the tissue interface pressure. (mhmedical.com)
  • Therapy for pressure ulcers is generally empiric, based on anecdotal experience, or borrowed from the treatment of patients with acute wounds. (mhmedical.com)
  • Diabetic foot ulcers are relatively common in patients with diabetes, presenting in as many as 15% of such patients. (medgadget.com)
  • Conn Hastings, Medgadget: Please give us an overview of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and their consequences for patients. (medgadget.com)
  • A diabetic foot ulcer is an open sore or wound that occurs in approximately 15% of patients with diabetes and is commonly located on the bottom of the foot. (medgadget.com)
  • For example, in the UK, it's estimated that between 4%-10% of all patients admitted to hospital will develop at least one pressure ulcer. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • However, critically ill patients usually have multiple risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers (Peerless et al. (researchomatic.com)
  • 1999). The development of pressure ulcers entails a substantial morbidity of the critically ill and debilitated patients (Eachempati et al. (researchomatic.com)
  • 2002). Additionally, patients with fecal incontinence have more than 20 times the risk of pressure ulcers than continent patients. (researchomatic.com)
  • Therefore, measures focusing on the skin care of patients with incontinence are recommended to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers on sacrum and ischium (Lowery, 1995). (researchomatic.com)
  • some patients have preexisting conditions that predispose them to being candidate's for acquiring pressure ulcers outside the realm of the word "Neglect" Have you considered these patients being at risk for the development of a pressure ulcer and they also top the list of not being able to heal if a pressure ulcer was to develop. (blablawriting.net)
  • Dolphin Therapy: The most effective therapy surface for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in the most complex of patients? (medstrom.com)
  • This study evaluated current practice trends in surface utilization for patients at high risk for developing pressure ulcers. (hillrom.com.au)
  • Surface types used for high-risk patients were powered static air (28%), foam (21.7%), low air loss (16%), self-adjusting technology (8%), alternating pressure (5.2%), nonpowered static air (2.0%), and air-fluidized therapy (1.8%), demonstrating that high-risk patients were most often placed on surfaces that are inferior to specialty surfaces with regard to pressure ulcer development and breakdown. (hillrom.com.au)
  • citation needed] There are four mechanisms that contribute to pressure ulcer development: External (interface) pressure applied over an area of the body, especially over the bony prominences can result in obstruction of the blood capillaries, which deprives tissues of oxygen and nutrients, causing ischemia (deficiency of blood in a particular area), hypoxia (inadequate amount of oxygen available to the cells), edema, inflammation, and, finally, necrosis and ulcer formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to these bodily fluids can contribute to pressure ulcer development. (medstrom.com)
  • This webinar will be presented in conjunction with the annual Stop Pressure Ulcer Day to support global efforts to improve patient care. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The network meta-analysis evidence suggests that static (reactive) air overlays, alternating pressure air mattresses, and (reactive) gel pads used on operating tables may reduce pressure ulcer risk compared with foam mattresses. (cochrane.org)
  • Early detection of pressure ulcers is the key for effective ulcer management and for reducing subsequent treatment costs. (uky.edu)
  • We found nine studies published between 1994 and 2016 involving a total of 483 participants with pressure ulcers at Category/Stage II or above (open wounds). (cochrane.org)
  • In 2016, NPUAP adopted pressure injury as the preferred term over pressure ulcer, and Suspected Deep Tissue Pressure Injury was shortened to Deep Tissue Pressure Injury (DTI). (mobilitymgmt.com)
  • Provides the clinician with a comprehensive list of all residents currently in the facility who have at least one existing pressure ulcer during the report week. (ahrq.gov)
  • Clinicians need to carefully consider the lack of robust evidence in relation to the clinical and cost-effectiveness of foam dressings for treating pressure ulcers when making treatment decisions, particularly when considering the wound management properties that may be offered by each dressing type and the care context. (cochrane.org)
  • This guideline provides recommendation for the prevention, assessment, and management of pressure ulcers in adults and children in all settings. (apta.org)
  • Our long-term goal is to conduct extensive studies on statistically significant popUlations from multiple rehabilitation centers to translate and commercialize this innovative integrated system for the effective clinical management of pressure ulcers. (uky.edu)
  • In this article, you'll learn what causes pressure ulcers, how to determine who's most at risk for skin breakdown, what steps you can take to minimize the threat, and which treatments work best to heal a pressure ulcer. (nursingcenter.com)
  • With thorough and comprehensive medical management, many pressure injuries may heal completely without the need for surgical intervention. (medscape.com)
  • Frequently I am asked to review medical records to determine if an individual's pressure ulcers failed to heal because of inadequate or inappropriate nutritional care. (woundsource.com)
  • The network meta-analysis evidence suggests that more people with ulcers may heal completely using reactive air surfaces than foam surfaces. (cochrane.org)
  • The overview evidence suggests that, if the time needed to completely heal an ulcer is looked at, reactive air surfaces may improve the chances of pressure ulcers healing when compared with foam mattresses. (cochrane.org)
  • The majority of Stage I and Stage II pressure ulcers will heal within a few weeks just with conservative measures. (spinalcordinjuryzone.com)
  • Pressure ulcers occur due to pressure applied to soft tissue resulting in completely or partially obstructed blood flow to the soft tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ulcers due to external pressure occur over the sacrum and coccyx, followed by the trochanter and the calcaneus (heel). (wikipedia.org)
  • Pressure ulcers usually occur on the hips, backside, and heels. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • In addition, about 57-60% of all pressure ulcers occur within hospitals (Thomas, 2001). (researchomatic.com)
  • Pressure ulcers are also know as a decubitus ulcers or a bedsores, is an ulcerated area of skin caused by irritation and continuous pressure on a part of the body. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • Ulcer status, number of treatments. (ahrq.gov)
  • Treatments for pressure ulcers include dressings, antibiotics and antiseptics, and pressure-relieving mattresses or cushions. (cochrane.org)
  • However, not enough evidence is available to permit these treatments to be recommended for the treatment of pressure injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Current standard of care treatments for DFUs include offloading, or taking pressure off the wound, surgical debridement, dressings to facilitate a moist wound environment, vascular assessment, and infection and glycemic control. (medgadget.com)
  • There are many wound dressings available to treat pressure ulcers, which vary in cost and may have differing degrees of effectiveness. (cochrane.org)
  • We're going to be talking about pressure ulcers, diagnosing pressure ulcers, the different stages that pressure ulcers go through and some of the methods in which we diagnose and treat pressure ulcers. (schenkfirm.com)
  • People who are unable to move some or all of their body due to illness, paralysis or advanced age often develop pressure ulcers. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • People at risk of developing pressure ulcers include those with limited physical mobility such as people with spinal cord injuries, older people, or those ill in hospital. (cochrane.org)
  • Action Products, Inc., over the past 40 years has provided education on the importance of preventing pressure injuries. (actionproducts.com)
  • Every year, hospital facilities spend an estimated $26.8 billion dollars treating hospital acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs) and their related complications. (actionproducts.com)
  • The Load Bearing Capacity of the Akton® polymer helps prevent the development of pressure injuries. (actionproducts.com)
  • By creating Akton® viscoelastic polymer with the sole purpose of preventing and managing pressure injuries, it is a global leader in the industry. (actionproducts.com)
  • The NPUAP Web site ( www.npuap.org ) offers resources, from illustrations of the different stages of pressure injuries to educational opportunities and news about pressure injuries and wound care. (mobilitymgmt.com)
  • The Consumer Survey will provide critical information to inform the 2019 revision of Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline," NPUAP said in its announcement. (mobilitymgmt.com)
  • With more care being conducted in the home environment, education of the patient and caregiver in preventing and treating pressure injuries becomes increasingly important. (medscape.com)
  • As a final note, some consideration should be given to the ethics of treating pressure injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Pressure ulcers are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue and are most common on bony prominences caused by pressure. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Also known as pressure ulcers, bedsores are injuries that affect the skin as well as the layers underneath. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • So just want to bring awareness to the issue of pressure injuries, particularly in the nursing home setting. (schenkfirm.com)
  • Systematic literature reviews and evidence appraisals are well underway as the NPUAP works with its international partners, the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA), to incorporate new evidence into the third edition of our international guideline. (mobilitymgmt.com)
  • Designed for teaching and training with vacuum assisted closure and negative pressure wound therapy devices, this model features a large sacral Stage IV pressure ulcer* (NPUAP 2007 Pressure Ulcer Staging Guidelines), with eschar, subcutaneous fat, undermining, tunneling, slough, eschar and exposed bone (with osteomyelitis) and a Stage III pressure ulcer with subcutaneous fat and granulation tissue. (cpr-savers.com)
  • In addition to protecting against pressure ulcers, these patient positioners also promote access to the surgery site so physicians can complete procedures with fewer complications. (alimed.com)
  • 2018). Given the serious clinical complications of HAPUs and the tremendous burden they place on the healthcare system, pressure ulcer prevention care needs to be improved. (business-essay.com)
  • Those who do not have a proper support network and a pressure-release bed at home also are not good candidates for pressure injury reconstruction, because of the risk of recurrence or other complications. (medscape.com)
  • The ulcers often present with complications such as infection, which frequently result in hospitalization. (medgadget.com)
  • Of those who develop a foot ulcer, more than 5% will be hospitalized due to infection or other ulcer-related complications. (medgadget.com)
  • Moreover, pressure ulcers have been described as one of the most costly and physically debilitating complications in the 20th century (Burdette-Taylor and Kass, 2002 S.R. Burdette-Taylor and J. Kass, Heel ulcers in critical care unit: a major pressure problem, Critical Care Nursing 25 (2) (2002), pp. 41-53. (researchomatic.com)
  • He won the clinical research Manuscript of the Year award in 2013 from the Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing for his pioneering work on the use of foam dressings to prevent pressure ulcers and was recently awarded the 2013 Magnet Prize® for Exemplary Professional Practice in Nursing. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • To gain insight into the knowledge of nurses and nursing assistants about pressure ulcer prevention. (nih.gov)
  • 474 nurses and nursing assistants recruited at 29 wards in 16 hospitals completed individually the PUKAT 2.0, a valid and reliable questionnaire to measure nurses knowledge about pressure ulcer prevention. (nih.gov)
  • Schuyler Ridge Nursing Home, a 120-bed long-term care facility in New York, implemented an AHRQ-funded program that focuses on integrating health information technology into nursing homes to prevent pressure ulcers. (ahrq.gov)
  • The On-Time Program integrates clinical reports into nursing home workflow using health information technology to identify residents at risk for pressure ulcer development. (ahrq.gov)
  • Park-Lee E, Caffrey C: Pressure ulcers among nursing home residents: United States, 2004. (japmaonline.org)
  • Smith DM: Pressure ulcers in the nursing home. (japmaonline.org)
  • We performed a retrospective review of 57 nursing home residents who had chronic infected nonhealing pressure ulcers of the heel that we had treated over 12 years. (japmaonline.org)
  • Even with the best possible medical and nursing care, pressure ulcers can be difficult to prevent in particularly vulnerable people. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • In some cases, pressure ulcers present a minor inconvenience that can be treated with some simple nursing care. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • On this week's episode, nursing home abuse attorneys Rob Schenk and Will Smith welcome Martha Kelso @ MarthaRKelso of Wound Care Plus to discuss current methods of staging a pressure ulcer and the issues that come with each. (schenkfirm.com)
  • And for long-time listeners of this podcast, you'll know that Martha Kelso was our guest on the same topic back on Episode 118, where we talked about prevention of pressure ulcers in nursing homes , so we're welcoming Martha back this week. (schenkfirm.com)
  • The treatment and prevention of pressure ulcers consume large quantities of resources in terms of disposable equipment and nursing time (Defloor and Grypdonck, 2005). (researchomatic.com)
  • Image: The first page of a sample On-Time Pressure Ulcer Assessment form is shown. (ahrq.gov)
  • Image: The fifth page of a sample On-Time Pressure Ulcer Assessment form is shown. (ahrq.gov)
  • Complete information displays for each ulcer if the pressure ulcer assessment date is within 10 days of the prior report date. (ahrq.gov)
  • A great tool for training, competency testing, skills assessment, dressing techniques and use of negative pressure wound therapy devices! (cpr-savers.com)
  • Treatment options of unproven efficacy that are currently being studied include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, electrotherapy, growth factors , and negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT). (medscape.com)
  • It is widely believed that other factors can influence the tolerance of skin for pressure and shear, thereby increasing the risk of pressure ulcer development. (wikipedia.org)
  • This research study can support readers to know the demand for pressure ulcer devices products and the quantitative development opportunities during the study period. (bccresearch.com)
  • This makes skin vulnerable to damage and result in development of pressure ulcers. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Intrinsic factors leading to derangement in tissue perfusion may account for the development of a pressure ulcer, despite the provision of common prevention measures that include pressure reduction. (mhmedical.com)
  • Pressure ulcer development is a common, serious complication after spinal cord injury (SCI). (qxmd.com)
  • Given the health burden of long-term care for pressure ulcers, this translational technology project has the potential to Significantly advance our understanding of pressure ulcer development and treatment, ultimately leading to significant improvements in human heafth and substantial cost savings. (uky.edu)
  • Disease processes such as diabetes, heart disease, renal disease, dementia, and malnutrition also enter the equation because they affect both the development and healing of pressure ulcers. (blablawriting.net)
  • It occurs as a result of intense or prolonged pressure or pressure in combination with shear. (medscape.com)
  • Our products provide pressure relief and shear reduction in a variety of surgical settings including preoperative, perioperative and postoperative. (actionproducts.com)
  • However, external pressure or shear force is increasingly viewed as a necessary but insufficient cause for pressure ulcers. (mhmedical.com)
  • What are pressures and are they really preventable: The medical term Decubitus Ulcer, Decubitus mean's "lying down" simply implies only a single etiology for these lesions, yet their pathogenesis also includes, at least, friction, shear force, moisture, temperature elevation, sensory impairment and oxygen deprivation. (blablawriting.net)
  • Weekly Pressure Ulcer Treatment Summary Report. (ahrq.gov)
  • Treatment interventions are consistent with those cited in current International Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Treatment Guidelines. (ahrq.gov)
  • Effective wound healing and cost considerations dictate the dressing choice in the treatment of pressure ulcers. (aafp.org)
  • A cost analysis showed that the average cost per patient with stage II or III ulcers was $222.36 for hydrocolloid treatment and $627.56 for collagen treatment. (aafp.org)
  • The authors conclude that no differences could be detected between collagen and hydrocolloid treatment of pressure ulcers in treating stage II and III ulcers. (aafp.org)
  • So, while foam dressings can be safely used for the treatment for pressure ulcers, their effect on wound healing is not supported by scientific evidence. (cochrane.org)
  • Once a pressure injury (pressure ulcer) has developed, immediate treatment is required. (medscape.com)
  • We also wanted to find out what the best treatment options are for either preventing or healing pressure ulcers. (cochrane.org)
  • What are the treatment options for pressure ulcers? (spinalcordinjuryzone.com)
  • The study objective was to examine the efficacy of low-pressure pulsatile lavage treatment for stage III and IV pressure ulcers in people with SCI. (qxmd.com)
  • Daily low-pressure pulsatile lavage treatment with 1 L of normal saline at 11 psi of pressure was applied to the treatment group along with standard dressing changes. (qxmd.com)
  • Pulsatile lavage enhanced stage III and IV pelvic pressure ulcer healing rates in people with SCI relative to standard pressure ulcer treatment alone. (qxmd.com)
  • MiMedx , a medtech company based in Georgia, has developed EpiFix , an off-the-shelf allograft system for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. (medgadget.com)
  • This includes coverage by the largest U.S. commercial payor as a proven and medically necessary option in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. (medgadget.com)
  • This non-contact system will completely avoid tissue deformation and potential infections induced by probe-tissue contact This study will also integrate the non-contact system with an ES stimulator for treatment and therapeutic monitoring of pressure ulcers. (uky.edu)
  • Some mattresses, such as dynamic varieties or those made of static foam, help relieve pressure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What are the benefits and risks of beds, mattresses and overlays for preventing and treating pressure ulcers? (cochrane.org)
  • Static air mattresses or overlays, alternating pressure air mattresses or overlays, and gel pads used on operating tables may be better than foam mattresses for preventing pressure ulcers. (cochrane.org)
  • Compared with foam mattresses, alternating pressure air mattresses or overlays probably result in health benefits that outweigh their costs in preventing pressure ulcers. (cochrane.org)
  • Static air mattresses or overlays may be better than foam mattresses for ulcer healing, but may cost more. (cochrane.org)
  • There are many types of beds, mattresses and overlays specifically designed for people with pressure ulcers. (cochrane.org)
  • We searched for Cochrane Reviews that summarised the results of all available carefully designed studies (controlled trials) evaluating different beds, mattresses and overlays in preventing and treating pressure ulcers. (cochrane.org)
  • We found four reviews on the use of beds, mattresses and overlays for preventing pressure ulcers. (cochrane.org)
  • Support surfaces - special beds, pads, cushions and mattresses may all help reduce pressure on a sore, as well as protect likely areas from further breakdown. (spinalcordinjuryzone.com)
  • [ 1 ] According to the NPIAP, a pressure injury is localized damage to the skin and underlying soft tissue, usually over a bony prominence or related to a medical or other device. (medscape.com)
  • The webinar will focus on the prevention of pressure ulcers in the ED, OR and ICU with evidence-based solutions for the heel, sacrum and other bony prominences. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Frequency depended on the support surface in use, and a limited number of patient criteria (mobility in bed, presence of bony prominences/pressure points and presence of non-blanchable erythema). (diva-portal.org)
  • Prolonged pressure, especially in the bony areas of the body, limits the blood supply, causing tissue damage in the affected area. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Most pressure ulcers develop over bony prominences, most commonly the sacrum, heels, and trochanteric areas. (mhmedical.com)
  • The skills that healthcare professionals learn with this model can be used to obtain positive outcomes with a variety of chronic and acute wound types, such as other pressure ulcers, diabetic wounds, abdominal wounds, trauma wounds, flaps and grafts. (cpr-savers.com)
  • Although often prevented and treatable if detected early, pressure ulcers can be very difficult to prevent in critically ill people, frail elders, and individuals with impaired mobility such as wheelchair users (especially where spinal injury is involved). (wikipedia.org)
  • Evidence regarding reduction in ulcer size, patient satisfaction and pain is very uncertain. (cochrane.org)
  • The critical care unit had put on an adhesive foam dressing to protect the patient's sacral area and nursed him on a pressure reduction alternating, low air loss surface. (woundsource.com)
  • From these, we included 40 studies (12,517 people) in a network meta-analysis evaluating reduction of pressure ulcer risk. (cochrane.org)
  • Muntlin Athlin Ã…, Engström M, Gunningberg L, Bååth C. Heel pressure ulcer, prevention and predictors during the care delivery chain - When and where to take action? (hig.se)
  • My memory is that for one set of 10 hip surgeries, seven developed heel ulcers, all on the affected side). (woundsource.com)
  • This study evaluates the efficacy of limb salvage surgical procedures, partial calcanectomy, total calcanectomy, and excision of the entire calcaneus and talus, for heel ulcers. (japmaonline.org)
  • The given paper focuses on hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) that are associated with patient suffering and high costs of care and thus represent a serious subject of concern at both national and local levels. (business-essay.com)
  • To examine trends in primary pressure ulcer (PPU) hospitalization mortality , length of hospital stay (LOS), and inflation -adjusted charges (IAC) in the US from 2005 to 2014 by race / ethnicity . (bvsalud.org)
  • Comorbid conditions, especially immobility and decreased tissue perfusion, increase the risk of pressure ulcers. (mhmedical.com)
  • The aim of this review was to find out whether foam dressings (designed to absorb fluid from wounds whilst keeping them moist) have any advantages or disadvantages in healing pressure ulcers compared with other dressings (such as silicone foam dressings, hydrocolloid, hydrogel or basic wound dressings). (cochrane.org)
  • Foam dressings are designed to absorb fluid (exudate) that comes from some pressure ulcer wounds, and to maintain a moist environment. (cochrane.org)
  • Pressure ulcers can be stage I (blanchable hyperemia), stage II (extension of the ulcer through the epidermis), stage III (full-thickness skin loss with damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue), or stage IV (full-thickness wounds with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures). (mhmedical.com)
  • Facility-level data on residents' pressure ulcers, medically unexplained weight loss, and falls were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Long-Term Care Minimum Data Set. (cdc.gov)
  • Hospitals are still learning about it and trying to identify under what, if any, circumstances these pressure ulcers can be rescued. (blablawriting.net)
  • Close up of a pressure ulcer on the buttock of a patient. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • They started as Stage II in his feet and heels but then, over 11 days, he developed a Stage IV ulcer in his left buttock. (newyorkinjurycasesblog.com)
  • We wanted to find out how foam dressings affected pressure ulcer healing and recurrence rates. (cochrane.org)
  • The studies compared foam dressings with other types of dressings, however, there was no clear evidence to indicate foam dressings were more effective at healing pressure ulcers than other types of dressings, or more cost effective. (cochrane.org)
  • It is uncertain whether foam dressings are more clinically effective, more acceptable to users, or more cost effective compared to alternative dressings in treating pressure ulcers. (cochrane.org)
  • The network meta-analysis evidence suggests that reactive air surfaces may reduce the chances of developing new ulcers compared with foam surfaces. (cochrane.org)
  • Advanced sacral pressure ulcer shows effects of pressure, shearing, and moisture. (medscape.com)
  • These strategies allow staff to intervene in a timely manner with at-risk residents to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers. (ahrq.gov)
  • What does this all mean: Under the new payment plan, pressure ulcers present on admission will qualify for a higher reimbursement ONLY if the pressure of Stage III or IV ulcer is noted in the medical record within 2 days of inpatient admission. (blablawriting.net)
  • Nurse cutting away dead tissue from a pressure ulcer on an elderly patient. (clinicaladvisor.com)
  • Mechanical debridement - a high-pressure irrigation device removes devitalized tissue. (spinalcordinjuryzone.com)
  • These issues have inspired a different approach in the form of a human tissue-derived off-the-shelf graft that can be applied to an ulcer. (medgadget.com)
  • In a grade three pressure ulcer, skin loss occurs throughout the entire thickness of the skin and the underlying tissue is also damaged. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • Treat your skin gently to help prevent pressure ulcers. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Instead, patient positioning devices can prevent pressure ulcers from ever developing. (alimed.com)
  • Regularly moving your body and changing your position is one of the best ways to prevent pressure ulcers developing, and relieving pressure on grade one and grade two pressure ulcers. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • Part 2: How Do I Prevent Pressure Ulcers? (medstrom.com)
  • While the severity of these incidents vary from stage I to IV, each pressure ulcer may cost upwards of $120,000 to treat. (alimed.com)
  • The type of support used depends on the patient's mobility, their build, as well as the severity of the ulcer. (spinalcordinjuryzone.com)
  • Health professionals use a grading system to describe the severity of pressure ulcers. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • Pressure ulcers may develop when skin tissues begin to die due to diminished oxygen supply to areas under prolonged pressure. (healthproductsforyou.com)
  • Pressure ulcers are caused by pressure applied to susceptible tissues. (mhmedical.com)
  • Pressure ulcers are the visible evidence of pathologic changes in the blood supply to dermal tissues. (mhmedical.com)
  • The chief cause is attributed to pressure, or force per unit area, applied to susceptible tissues. (mhmedical.com)
  • The large size and depth of the Stage IV pressure ulcer, as well as the undermining and tunneling, make it ideal for practicing the proper dressing and preparation of a large wound for use with a negative pressure wound therapy device. (cpr-savers.com)
  • As the entire healthcare industry attempts to reign in unnecessary spending, pressure ulcers are a major financial drain that physicians must address to improve patient outcomes and increase savings. (alimed.com)
  • Trends and racial disparity in primary pressure ulcer hospitalizations outcomes in the US from 2005 to 2014. (bvsalud.org)
  • Even with an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the pathogenesis of pressure ulcers recognizes both the intrinsic factors (the individual's health) and extrinsic factors (mechanical influences) that contribute to pressure ulcer formation. (blablawriting.net)
  • The healing of pressure ulcers may be slowed by the age of the person, medical conditions (such as arteriosclerosis, diabetes or infection), smoking or medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • People diagnosed with pressure ulcers feel pain brought by skin lesions and experience a high risk of serious infection which may lead to severe consequences. (business-essay.com)
  • People with grade four pressure ulcers have a high risk of developing a life-threatening infection. (directhealthcaregroup.com)
  • None of the studies reported on participants' quality of life or pressure ulcer recurrence. (cochrane.org)
  • Incidence has been defined as measuring the number of persons developing new pressure ulcers during a period of time (EPUAP, 2002). (researchomatic.com)
  • New studies, RCTs and peer-reviewed articles reinforce the evidence that the Mepilex® line of dressings can aid in the prevention of pressure ulcers in an acute care setting. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Recommendations on various interventions for the prevention of foot ulcers with corresponding rationale. (apta.org)
  • Pressure ulcers most commonly develop in individuals who are not moving about, such as those who are on chronic bedrest or consistently use a wheelchair. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is problematic because of multiple comorbidities, chronic duration of pressure ulcers, and, frequently, the physician's relative unfamiliarity with options. (mhmedical.com)
  • Or, place a pillow under your calves to lift up your heels, another way to relieve pressure on your heels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It puts pressure on your heels. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Red and flakey skin on the heels of a patient that is developing pressure ulcers. (clinicaladvisor.com)