A syndrome characterized by chronic, well-established DIARRHEA (greater than one month in duration) without an identified infectious cause after thorough evaluation, in an HIV-positive individual. It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. HIV enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only after other forms of diarrheal illness have been ruled out. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, pp1607-8; Haubrich et al., Bockus Gastroenterology, 5th ed, p1155)
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.
Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.
Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are characterized by the gastrointestinal loss of serum proteins, including SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; and at times LYMPHOCYTES. Severe condition can result in HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA or LYMPHOPENIA. Protein-losing enteropathies are associated with a number of diseases including INTESTINAL LYMPHANGIECTASIS; WHIPPLE'S DISEASE; and NEOPLASMS of the SMALL INTESTINE.
The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.
Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.
Dilatation of the intestinal lymphatic system usually caused by an obstruction in the intestinal wall. It may be congenital or acquired and is characterized by DIARRHEA; HYPOPROTEINEMIA; peripheral and/or abdominal EDEMA; and PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHIES.
A transient dilatation of the lymphatic vessels.
A condition in which total serum protein level is below the normal range. Hypoproteinemia can be caused by protein malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract, EDEMA, or PROTEINURIA.
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Staphylococcal toxoid refers to a bacterial toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus that has been chemically modified to lose its toxicity, while retaining its antigenicity, used in the production of vaccines to induce immunity against Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Reversal of protein losing enteropathy with prednisone in adults with modified fontan operations: long term palliation or bridge to cardiac transplantation? (1/137)

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE), defined as severe loss of serum protein into the intestine, occurs in 4-13% of patients after the Fontan procedure and carries a dismal prognosis with a five year survival between 46% and 59%. Chronically raised systemic venous pressure is thought to be responsible for the development of PLE in these patients, with perhaps superimposed immunological or inflammatory factors. The success rate of contemporary medical, transcatheter, and surgical treatments attempting to reduce systemic venous pressure ranges from 19% to 40%. Prednisone treatment for PLE has been tried, with variable success rates reported in children. The effect of prednisone in adult patients with PLE after the Fontan procedure is largely unknown. Two cases of PLE in adults (a 39 year old woman and a 25 year old man) after modified Fontan procedure who responded dramatically to oral prednisone treatment are reported, suggesting that a trial of this "non-invasive" treatment should be considered as long term palliation or bridge to cardiac transplantation.  (+info)

Disseminated Langerhans' cell histiocytosis and massive protein-losing enteropathy. (2/137)

Symptomatic involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a prominent symptom in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is uncommon, occurring in less than 1 to 5% of all cases, even when the disease is in its disseminated form. Up to now, there have been reports of 18 cases of LCH with GI manifestations, including our 2 cases, with diarrhea (77.7%), protein-losing enteropathy (33.3%) and bloody stool being the most frequent findings. The authors present two patients with severe diarrhea and refractory hypoalbuminemia, and with the protein-losing enteropathy documented by Cr51-labeled albumin studies. A review of the literature indicated that the presence of GI symptoms is often associated with systemic disease as well as with poor prognosis, mainly under 2 years of age. Radioisotopes are useful for documenting protein loss in several diseases with high specificity and sensitivity, and their utilization in the cases reviewed here permitted diagnoses in 6 children, as well as improved therapeutic management.  (+info)

Parenteral nutrition in the management of a dog with lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis and severe protein-losing enteropathy. (3/137)

Management of lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis in a dog with whipworm infestation, hypoproteinemia, and ascites is described. Short-term parenteral nutrition hastened normalization of serum proteins, resolution of diarrhea, and weight gain. A description of the potential benefits, limitations, and possible complications of parenteral nutrition in refractory inflammatory bowel disease is given.  (+info)

Prevention and suppression by azathioprine of venom-induced protein-losing gastropathy in dogs. (4/137)

Irrigation of the dog's oxyntic glandular mucosa contained in a chronically prepared, vagally denervated, separated pouch of the dog's stomach with a solution (0.5 mg ml-1) of lyophilized venom of the hooded cobra (Naja naja) increases the permeability of the mucosa. If irrigation with venom solution is repeated at weekly intervals, the mucosa responds with increasing plasma-shedding which reaches a peak of 1-2 ml min-1 from roughly 60 cm2 of mucosa in 4-6 weeks. Plasma shedding in response to irrigation with venom gradually declines, leaving a permanent residual response of different magnitude in different dogs. Giving naive dogs the immunosuppressant azathioprine by mouth in a dose of 5 mg kg-1 day-1, beginning 1 week before the first irrigation with venom solution and continuing for 4 weeks, postpones the plasma-shedding response until the sixth or seventh week of venom irrigation. The plasma-shedding response is wholly or partially suppressed by further administration of azathioprine by mouth in a dose of 3.3 mg kg-1 day-1. These data support the hypothesis that the plasma-shedding response to repeated venom irrigation involves the immune system of the stomach.  (+info)

99mTc-human serum albumin scans in children with protein-losing enteropathy. (5/137)

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) can be diagnosed scintigraphically using 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA) scans. METHODS: To evaluate the usefulness of this method in detecting enteric protein loss, we retrospectively reviewed the 99mTc-HSA scans of 18 children presenting consecutively with PLE. RESULTS: Enteric 99mTc-HSA uptake was noted in 12 patients (8 boys, 4 girls) with a mean age of 7.4 y. Early dynamic images showed abdominal uptake that was most likely in the small bowel in 91% of the scans. Delayed images showed abnormal accumulation that was localized in the colon in 73% and in the small bowel in 27% of the scans. A 4-mo follow-up scan obtained in 3 patients showed reduced HSA uptake after a high-protein, low-fat, medium-chain triglyceride oil-based diet and fat-soluble vitamins. Mean serum albumin, total protein, gammaglobulin, and calcium levels were significantly decreased. Ten patients (from 4 families) were diagnosed to have primary intestinal lymphangectasia. One patient had active Salmonella enterocolitis, and 1 had giardiosis. 99mTc-HSA was normal in the remaining 6 patients (3 boys, 3 girls) with a mean age of 3.5 y (range, 2-5 y). Mean serum albumin, total protein, gammaglobulin, and calcium levels were less decreased than those of the first group. Five of these patients had primary intestinal lymphangactesia (associated with infantile systemic hyalinosis in 1 patient). The remaining patient had normal duodenal biopsy, and the cause of protein loss remained unknown. CONCLUSION: The 99mTc-HSA scan is useful in the evaluation of children with PLE, especially those with severe hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia, presumably reflecting a high rate of protein loss.  (+info)

Protein-losing enteropathy is associated with peritoneal functional abnormalities in peritoneal dialysis patients. (6/137)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between acquired peritoneal transport disorders and the presence of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), and their contribution to the protein malnutrition in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 31 clinically stable PD patients that received a fat overload diet for 3 days. We measured intestinal absorption of fecal fat (normal < 6 g/24-hour stool) and nitrogen (normal < 2 g/24-hr stool), intestinal protein permeability [fecal clearance of alpha1-antitrypsin (Calpha1AT) (normal < 12 mL/24-hr stool)], and nutritional markers [normalized protein nitrogen appearance (nPNA), half-life medium-term proteins, and body mass index]. Peritoneal solute transport was measured by mass transfer coefficient (MTC), and water transport by peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) capacity. To define protein maldigestion it was necessary to find high fecal nitrogen values with normal Calpha1AT; PLE was defined when both values were elevated. RESULTS: High fecal nitrogen (mean 2.1+/-1 g/24-hr stool) and fat (mean 5.8+/-3.6 g/24-hr stool) were found in 15 patients; 6 patients had high Calpha1AT levels (PLE). These 6 patients showed a worse nutritional status: lower albumin (3.57+/-0.57 g/dL vs 3.98+/-0.38 g/dL, p < 0.05) and transferrin (243+/-70 mg/dL vs 272+/-44.3 mg/dL, p < 0.05), as well as lower triglycerides (131.3+/-31.7 mg/dL vs 187+/-116 mg/dL, p< 0.05). Higher urea MTCs were found in 10 patients, normal in 7, and lower in 14. Higher creatinine MTCs were found in 8 patients, normal in 15, and lower in 8. Normal peritoneal UF capacity was found in 25 and lower in 6 patients. These 6 patients showed higher urea and creatinine MTCs and Calpha1AT. A positive linear correlation between Calpha1AT, urea MTC (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), and creatinine MTC (r = 0.46, p < 0.01) was found. A similar situation occurred between Calpha1AT, fecal fat (r = 0.45, p < 0.05), and fecal nitrogen (r = 0.43, p < 0.05). Thirteen patients with previous history of peritonitis showed higher Calpha1AT than those without peritonitis (10.2+/-8 mL/24-hr stool vs 5.2+/-4.4 mL/24-hr stool, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We confirm that protein and fat malabsorption, maldigestion, and PLE are present in some PD patients. Higher fecal Calpha1AT is associated with malnutrition and poorer showings of the viability markers of peritoneal membrane function.  (+info)

Reduced heparan sulfate accumulation in enterocytes contributes to protein-losing enteropathy in a congenital disorder of glycosylation. (7/137)

Intestinal biopsy in a boy with gastroenteritis-induced protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) showed loss of heparan sulfate (HS) and syndecan-1 core protein from the basolateral surface of the enterocytes, which improved after PLE subsided. Isoelectric focusing analysis of serum transferrin indicated a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) and subsequent analysis showed three point mutations in the ALG6 gene encoding an alpha1,3-glucosyltransferase needed for the addition of the first glucose to the dolichol-linked oligosaccharide. The maternal mutation, C998T, causing an A333V substitution, has been shown to cause CDG-Ic, whereas the two paternal mutations, T391C (Y131H) and C924A (S308R) have not previously been reported. The mutations were tested for their ability to rescue faulty N:-linked glycosylation of carboxypeptidase Y in an ALG6-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Normal human ALG6 rescues glycosylation and A333V partially rescues, whereas the combined paternal mutations (Y131H and S308R) are ineffective. Underglycosylation resulting from each of these mutations is much more severe in rapidly dividing yeast. Similarly, incomplete protein glycosylation in the patient is most severe in rapidly dividing enterocytes during gastroenteritis-induced stress. Incomplete N:-linked glycosylation of an HS core protein and/or other biosynthetic enzymes may explain the selective localized loss of HS and PLE.  (+info)

Surgical management of Menetrier's disease with protein-losing gastropathy. (8/137)

Three patients with Menetrier's disease and protein-losing gastropathy who were studied during a 12 year period have been presented. The characteristic findings which differentiate them from patients with hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy, including the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are: 1) hypertrophy of gastric mucosa with giant rugal folds involving the fundus, cardia and body of the stomach but sparing the antrum; 2) muscosal hypertrophy consisting of gastric mjcus-secreting cells while parietal cells and chief cells are diminished in number and may be absent from many microscopic sections; 3) gastric secretion of large volume containing excess mucus, low to absent hydrochloric acid and protein concentration 5 or 6 times normal (1.7 mg/ml); 4) hypoalbuminemia and hypoglobulinemia due to loss of serum proteins fron gastric mucosa into the gastric lumen; 5) rare association with gastric ulcer. Unlike the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome none of our patients had duodenal ucler or multiple endocrine adenomatosis or a family history of these conditions. We have found no authenticated reports in the literature which document a relationship of Menetrier's disease ( as defined above) with multiple endocrine adenomatosis. Menetrier's disease with protein-losing gastropathy is a potentially lethal disorder of unknown cause with no specific treatment. Resection of the site of gastric protein losses as first done by Waugh is logical and effective. One of our three patients died in hospital before gastrectomy was done. Two others have done well for 11 months and 12 years, respectively, after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy and Hunt-Lawrence jejunal pouch.  (+info)

HIV enteropathy is a term used to describe intestinal damage and dysfunction that can occur in people with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection. It is thought to be caused by the direct effects of the virus on the cells lining the intestine, as well as by the immune response to the virus.

The main features of HIV enteropathy include increased permeability of the intestinal lining (which can lead to the leakage of bacteria and other particles into the bloodstream), inflammation, and malabsorption of nutrients. This can result in a range of symptoms, such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and malnutrition.

It's important to note that HIV enteropathy is not the same as opportunistic infections (OIs) of the gastrointestinal tract, which can also occur in people with HIV/AIDS. OIs are caused by other infectious agents (such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites) that take advantage of the weakened immune system in advanced HIV disease.

The diagnosis of HIV enteropathy is often one of exclusion, meaning that other potential causes of gastrointestinal symptoms must be ruled out first. Treatment typically involves addressing any underlying opportunistic infections or other conditions, as well as providing supportive care to manage symptoms and optimize nutritional status. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is also a critical component of treatment, as it can help to restore immune function and reduce intestinal damage caused by the virus.

Intestinal diseases refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the function or structure of the small intestine, large intestine (colon), or both. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. They can be caused by infections, inflammation, genetic disorders, or other factors. Some examples of intestinal diseases include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), celiac disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and intestinal infections. The specific medical definition may vary depending on the context and the specific condition being referred to.

Enteritis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the small intestine. The small intestine is responsible for digesting and absorbing nutrients from food, so inflammation in this area can interfere with these processes and lead to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Enteritis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or viral infections, parasites, autoimmune disorders, medications, and exposure to toxins. In some cases, the cause of enteritis may be unknown. Treatment for enteritis depends on the underlying cause, but may include antibiotics, antiparasitic drugs, anti-inflammatory medications, or supportive care such as fluid replacement therapy.

Celiac disease is a genetic autoimmune disorder in which the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, leads to damage in the small intestine. In people with celiac disease, their immune system reacts to gluten by attacking the lining of the small intestine, leading to inflammation and destruction of the villi - finger-like projections that help absorb nutrients from food.

This damage can result in various symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, fatigue, anemia, and malnutrition. Over time, if left untreated, celiac disease can lead to serious health complications, including osteoporosis, infertility, neurological disorders, and even certain types of cancer.

The only treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, which involves avoiding all foods, beverages, and products that contain gluten. With proper management, individuals with celiac disease can lead healthy lives and prevent further intestinal damage and related health complications.

Protein-losing enteropathies (PLE) refer to a group of conditions characterized by excessive loss of proteins from the gastrointestinal tract into the intestinal lumen and ultimately into the stool. This results in hypoproteinemia, which is a decrease in the concentration of proteins in the bloodstream, particularly albumin.

The protein loss can occur due to various reasons such as increased permeability of the intestinal mucosa, lymphatic obstruction, or inflammatory processes affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Common causes of PLE include conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal lymphangiectasia, celiac disease, Whipple's disease, and menetrier's disease.

Symptoms of PLE may include edema, ascites, weight loss, diarrhea, and fatigue. The diagnosis of PLE typically involves measuring the concentration of proteins in the stool, as well as other diagnostic tests to determine the underlying cause. Treatment of PLE depends on the underlying cause and may involve dietary modifications, medications, or surgical interventions.

The jejunum is the middle section of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum. It is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption that occurs in the small intestine, particularly carbohydrates, proteins, and some fats. The jejunum is characterized by its smooth muscle structure, which allows it to contract and mix food with digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients through its extensive network of finger-like projections called villi.

The jejunum is also lined with microvilli, which further increase the surface area available for absorption. Additionally, the jejunum contains numerous lymphatic vessels called lacteals, which help to absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins into the bloodstream. Overall, the jejunum plays a critical role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food.

The intestinal mucosa is the innermost layer of the intestines, which comes into direct contact with digested food and microbes. It is a specialized epithelial tissue that plays crucial roles in nutrient absorption, barrier function, and immune defense. The intestinal mucosa is composed of several cell types, including absorptive enterocytes, mucus-secreting goblet cells, hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells, and immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages.

The surface of the intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, which are joined together by tight junctions to form a protective barrier against harmful substances and microorganisms. This barrier also allows for the selective absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The intestinal mucosa also contains numerous lymphoid follicles, known as Peyer's patches, which are involved in immune surveillance and defense against pathogens.

In addition to its role in absorption and immunity, the intestinal mucosa is also capable of producing hormones that regulate digestion and metabolism. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa can lead to various gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.

Intestinal lymphangiectasis is a rare condition characterized by the dilation and dysfunction of the lacteals (lymphatic vessels) within the intestinal villi. This results in the leakage of lymphatic fluid into the gastrointestinal lumen, leading to chronic protein loss, malabsorption of nutrients, and various other complications.

The condition can be primary (congenital), which is usually caused by genetic mutations affecting lymphatic development, or secondary, resulting from acquired conditions that obstruct or damage the intestinal lymphatics. Secondary intestinal lymphangiectasis may occur due to various causes such as abdominal surgeries, radiation therapy, inflammatory bowel disease, or tumors compressing the lymphatic vessels.

Symptoms of intestinal lymphangiectasis include diarrhea, steatorrhea (fatty stools), weight loss, edema (swelling), and hypoproteinemia (low protein levels in the blood). The diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques like lymphangiography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize the dilated lymphatic vessels. Treatment often focuses on dietary modifications, such as a low-fat, high-protein, and medium-chain triglyceride diet, along with managing any underlying conditions contributing to the development of the disease. In some cases, medications or surgical interventions may be necessary to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.

Lymphangiectasis is a medical condition characterized by the dilation and abnormal expansion of lymphatic vessels, which are responsible for transporting lymph fluid throughout the body. These dilated lymphatic vessels can be found in various tissues and organs, including the intestines, lungs, or other parts of the body.

In the case of intestinal lymphangiectasis (also known as Waldmann's disease), the lymphatic vessels in the small intestine become enlarged, leading to impaired absorption of nutrients and lymph fluid. This can result in protein-losing enteropathy, malnutrition, diarrhea, and edema (swelling) due to the loss of proteins and lymphatic fluids into the gastrointestinal tract.

Pulmonary lymphangiectasis is a rare congenital disorder where the lymphatic vessels in the lungs are abnormally developed and dilated, causing respiratory distress, recurrent lung infections, and chylous effusions (accumulation of milky lymph fluid in the pleural space surrounding the lungs).

Treatment for lymphangiectasis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. It may involve dietary modifications, medications to manage symptoms, or surgical interventions in some cases.

Hypoproteinemia is a medical condition characterized by abnormally low levels of protein, particularly albumin, in the blood. This can occur due to various reasons such as malnutrition, liver disease, kidney disease, or gastrointestinal disorders that affect protein absorption. It can lead to edema (swelling), especially in the legs and abdomen, and other complications. It's important to note that while albumin is the most abundant protein in blood serum, other proteins such as immunoglobulins and enzymes can also be affected in hypoproteinemia.

Malabsorption syndromes refer to a group of disorders in which the small intestine is unable to properly absorb nutrients from food, leading to various gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. This can result from a variety of underlying conditions, including:

1. Mucosal damage: Conditions such as celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or bacterial overgrowth that cause damage to the lining of the small intestine, impairing nutrient absorption.
2. Pancreatic insufficiency: A lack of digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas can lead to poor breakdown and absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Examples include chronic pancreatitis or cystic fibrosis.
3. Bile acid deficiency: Insufficient bile acids, which are necessary for fat emulsification and absorption, can result in steatorrhea (fatty stools) and malabsorption. This may occur due to liver dysfunction, gallbladder removal, or ileal resection.
4. Motility disorders: Abnormalities in small intestine motility can affect nutrient absorption, as seen in conditions like gastroparesis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, or scleroderma.
5. Structural abnormalities: Congenital or acquired structural defects of the small intestine, such as short bowel syndrome, may lead to malabsorption.
6. Infections: Certain bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections can cause transient malabsorption by damaging the intestinal mucosa or altering gut flora.

Symptoms of malabsorption syndromes may include diarrhea, steatorrhea, bloating, abdominal cramps, weight loss, and nutrient deficiencies. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, radiologic imaging, and sometimes endoscopic procedures to identify the underlying cause. Treatment is focused on addressing the specific etiology and providing supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Staphylococcal toxoid is a modified form of a toxin produced by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium, which has been made less toxic through chemical treatment or irradiation. It is used in vaccines to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against staphylococcal infections. The toxoid induces the production of antibodies that recognize and neutralize the harmful effects of the original toxin, without causing the adverse reactions associated with the live toxin. This type of vaccine is used to prevent diseases such as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome.

Steiner, Jörg M. (2003). "Protein-Losing Enteropathies in Dogs". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small ... Willard, Michael (2005). "Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Dogs and Cats". Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World ... It is considered to be a chronic form of protein-losing enteropathy. Chronic diarrhea is almost always seen with ... "Protein-losing Enteropathy Caused by Intestinal or Colonic Lymphangiectasia Complicated by Sporadic Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A ...
Allenspach, K.; Wieland, B.; Gröne, A.; Gaschen, F. (2007). "Chronic Enteropathies in Dogs: Evaluation of Risk Factors for ... Protein losing enteropathy is a syndrome of blood proteins being lost excessively via the gastrointestinal tract. It may be ... "Protein-losing Enteropathy. PLE information. What is PLE? , Patient". Patient. Retrieved 2016-02-19. "Protein-Losing ... Children who have congenital glycosylation defects usually have protein losing enteropathy. The diagnosis of protein losing ...
Severe protein deficiency Nephrotic syndrome Protein-losing enteropathies Capillary leak syndrome In Hb Barts, the high oxygen ...
... protein-losing enteropathies MeSH C06.405.469.860 - rectal diseases MeSH C06.405.469.860.101 - anus diseases MeSH C06.405. ...
... protein malabsorption and protein-losing enteropathies. A genetic condition or a side effect from taking sulphonamides (a ... Ulcerative colitis Liver cirrhosis Psychogenic stresses Onychophagia Trauma injury Occupational trauma Zinc deficiency Protein ...
The proliferating lymphocytes in NKCE and LG express CD56 and CD7 proteins on their cell surface membrane, CD3γ protein in ... These cells are located primarily in the lamina propria, i.e. loose connective tissue lying just below the epithelium lining ... Since these first descriptions, several case series and case reports have been published on these enteropathies. The two NK ... This pattern of protein expression identifies these cells as NK cells that, because of their expression of the cytotoxic ...
Diarrhea is characterized as the condition of passing of three or more loose or watery bowel movements within a day sometimes ... Glucose-galactose malabsorption, a genetic disorder caused by changes in a protein critical for the transport of glucose and ... Sherman PM, Mitchell DJ, Cutz E (January 2004). "Neonatal enteropathies: defining the causes of protracted diarrhea of infancy ... The other classification of chronic diarrhea, congenital diarrheas and enteropathies (CODEs), are rare diagnoses of exclusion. ...
Other mammals usually lose the ability to digest lactose after weaning. Lactose intolerance is the ancestral state of all ... Lactose intolerance is distinct from milk allergy, an immune response to cow's milk proteins. They may be distinguished in ... Physicians should investigate the presence of undiagnosed coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, or other enteropathies when ... Wilson J (December 2005). "Milk Intolerance: Lactose Intolerance and Cow's Milk Protein Allergy". Newborn and Infant Nursing ...
Intestinal lymphangiectasia is one of the most important protein-losing enteropathies in dogs. Affected animals suffer from ... Excessive loss of plasma or enteric protein into the gastrointestinal tract is referred to as a state of protein-losing ... Excessive loss of plasma or enteric protein into the gastrointestinal tract is referred to as a state of protein-losing ... of PLE usually distinguishes the hypoalbuminemia of protein-losing nephropathy and liver disease. Concurrent ...
CE for veterinary professionals, by veterinary professionals on clinical and non-clinical topics! Join this free webinar brought to you by Hills Pet Nutrition
Steiner, Jörg M. (2003). "Protein-Losing Enteropathies in Dogs". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small ... Willard, Michael (2005). "Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Dogs and Cats". Proceedings of the 30th World Congress of the World ... It is considered to be a chronic form of protein-losing enteropathy. Chronic diarrhea is almost always seen with ... "Protein-losing Enteropathy Caused by Intestinal or Colonic Lymphangiectasia Complicated by Sporadic Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A ...
We report on the case of a 25-year-old male with a protein losing enteropathy (PLE) in the context of the CMUSE syndrome. At a ... Protein-Losing Enteropathies / complications * Skin / pathology * Ulcer / complications ...
Complete blood count and plasma chemistry; protein losing enteropathies. Fecal/gastric cytology, culture and sensitivity. Fecal ... Common in older iguanas, especially with high protein diets (e.g., dog/cat foods) or over-supplementation with vit D3. Complete ... Diagnostics: History and complete physical exam are extremely important; may have been fed high-protein diets or chronically ...
Acute diarrhea is defined as the abrupt onset of 3 or more loose stools per day. The augmented water content in the stools ( ... Serum albumin levels: Low in protein-losing enteropathies from enteroinvasive intestinal infections (eg, Salmonella spp, ... Acute diarrhea is defined as the abrupt onset of 3 or more loose stools per day and lasts no longer than 14 days; chronic or ... Acute diarrhea is defined as the abrupt onset of 3 or more loose stools per day. The augmented water content in the stools ( ...
Protein-Losing Exudative Enteropathies Exudative Enteropathy Protein Losing Enteropathies Protein Losing Enteropathy Protein- ... Protein-Losing Enteropathies Entry term(s). Enteropathies, Exudative Enteropathies, Protein-Losing Enteropathy, Exudative ... Enteropathies, Exudative. Enteropathies, Protein-Losing. Enteropathy, Exudative. Enteropathy, Protein-Losing. Exudative ... Protein-Losing Enteropathies - Preferred Concept UI. M0017886. Scope note. Pathological conditions in the INTESTINES that are ...
Protein-losing enteropathies may result from tumor mass inflammation, particularly with lymphomas. ... Anti-Hu antibodies, directed against RNA binding proteins, may be present in the serum and spinal fluid. MRI may disclose areas ... Deep tendon reflexes are reduced or lost. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding an incremental response to repetitive nerve ...
"Protein Losing Enteropathies.". "We definitely plan on doing it again," Joy said. "There were more specialists than we had room ...
Various species and tags of Complement C5 proteins. Minimal Batch-to-Batch Variation. Bulks in stock. ... Myasthenia Gravis; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Protein-Losing Enteropathies. Details Cemdisiran. ALN-62643; ALN-CC5; AD-62643. ... Recombinant Proteins. GMP-grade Proteins Cell Therapy Targets Immune Checkpoints Cytokine Targets Other Proteins ViruStop: ... Target Proteins Fc Proteins Antibody Screening Tools CellInsight Companion Diagnostics Services Nucleic Acid Removal Residual ...
Protein-losing enteropathies: In these conditions, albumin and globulins are often lost concurrently, thereby maintaining a ... We often see hypocholesterolemia and low total iron binding capacity in protein-losing enteropathies. Hypocholesterolemia is a ... In protein-losing nephropathy, including that due to nephrotic syndrome, albumin is lost, but globulin levels are usually ... Loss: The most common cause of low albumin and low globulins (non-selective protein loss) are protein-losing enteropathy and ...
Protein-Losing Enteropathies 82% * Oxygen 79% * Fontan Procedure 73% * Pressure 72% 1 Scopus citations ...
Protein-Losing Enteropathies 14% 381 Scopus citations * Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Young Adults with Marfan ...
... and PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHIES. ...
Protein Losing Enteropathy After Fontan Operation: Glimpses of Clarity Through the Lifting Fog. Rychik, J., Dodds, K. M., ... Quantitative measurement of C-reactive protein in acute otitis media. Komoroski, E. M., Van Hare, G., Shurin, P. A., Vahey, J. ...
Diagnostic approach to protein-losing enteropathies. 74. Medical Management of Large (Ascending) Colon Colic ...
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Medicine & Life Sciences 100% * Gastrointestinal Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences 28% ... title = "Protein-losing enteropathy: Case illustrations and clinical review",. abstract = "Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is ... N2 - Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a rare syndrome of gastrointestinal protein loss that may complicate a variety of ... AB - Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a rare syndrome of gastrointestinal protein loss that may complicate a variety of ...
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Medicine & Life Sciences 25% * Magnesium Deficiency Medicine & Life Sciences 24% ... Evidence shows that GVHD-DT is often associated with malnutrition, protein losing enteropathy, magnesium derangements, and ... Evidence shows that GVHD-DT is often associated with malnutrition, protein losing enteropathy, magnesium derangements, and ... Evidence shows that GVHD-DT is often associated with malnutrition, protein losing enteropathy, magnesium derangements, and ...
Protein-Losing Enteropathies Medicine & Life Sciences 17% * Cardiac Arrhythmias Medicine & Life Sciences 9% ... The condition of 2 patients with protein-losing enteropathy improved within 30 days. Conclusions: Conversion of a failing ... The condition of 2 patients with protein-losing enteropathy improved within 30 days. Conclusions: Conversion of a failing ... The condition of 2 patients with protein-losing enteropathy improved within 30 days. Conclusions: Conversion of a failing ...
... protein-losing enteropathies (diseases of the intestine); and the nephrotic syndrome, in which the damaged kidneys leak large ... protein-losing enteropathies, and the nephrotic syndrome. *Both Alpha and Beta Globulin decreases occur with hepatic ... Plasma protein Electrophoresis (EPH) *This is a process used in the separation of proteins and nucleic acids; it is used to ... Hypoproteinemia: an abnormally low level of protein in the blood. Birds that are chronically infected lose the inflammatory ...
Classify works on protein-losing enteropathies in WI 418.. [WD 205] [This number not used] ...
Gastrointestinal loss occurs in protein-losing enteropathies and intestinal lymphangiectasia. Increased catabolism occurs in ... With the advent of serum protein electrophoresis, the globulins were considered to be comprised of 3 major fractions, alpha ... In general, IgG1 is the major component of the response to protein antigens (eg, antitetanus and antidiphtheria antibodies). ... Chouksey AK, Berger M. Assessment of protein antibody response in patients with suspected immune deficiency. Ann Allergy Asthma ...
The 2 major types of protein present in the serum are albumin and the globulin proteins. ... inexpensive method of separating proteins based on their net charge, size, and shape. ... Malnutrition, cachexia, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathies, severe burns. Alpha-1 ... The 2 major types of protein present in the serum are albumin and the globulin proteins. Albumin is the major protein component ...
In addition to this classification, dogs with loss of protein across the gut are grouped as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). ... In addition to this classification, dogs with loss of protein across the gut are grouped as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). ... when compared to dogs affected by CEs without loss of proteins. The areas under ROC curves for circulating 2-AG (0.91; 95% ... Chronic enteropathies (CEs) in dogs, according to the treatment response to consecutive trials, are classified as food- ...
... inexpensive method of separating proteins based on their net charge… ... Malnutrition, cachexia, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathies, severe burns. Alpha-1 ... Abnormal Protein Band 1, Actin (Smooth muscle) Antibody (IgG), Albumin (via Protein electrophoresis), Alpha-1-Globulin, Serum, ... Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) is an easy, inexpensive method of separating proteins based on their net charge, size, and ...
Protein-losing enteropathies include coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal lymphangiectasia. Protein loss ... Causes of secondary antibody deficiencies include protein losing states - such as nephrotic syndrome - and protein-losing ... Conditions causing protein loss through the gastrointestinal tract, such as protein-losing enteropathy, or through the renal ... Protein-losing enteropathy after fontan operation: investigations into possible pathophysiologic mechanisms. Ann Thorac Surg ...
Albumin levels ≤2.0-2.5 g/dL may be the cause of edema (eg, nephrotic syndrome, protein-losing enteropathies). ... protein-losing enteropathies (including Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis), peptic ulcer, thyroid disease, burns, severe ... Absolute lymphocyte counts ,1500/mm3 may also be seen with protein malnutrition.2 In severe malnutrition, albumin has been ... Twenty-four hour urine collection to measure protein loss is helpful in work-up of some patients with hypoalbuminemia. Other ...
... although such levels may occur in protein-losing enteropathies or nephrotic syndrome. † Genetic panels for primary ... Its easy to lose hope when youve tried everything but still cant get rid of the infections. In some cases, bone marrow or ... You may also experience other symptoms, such … AD-HIES is characterized by abnormally high levels of an immune system protein ... SAP is also called SH2 domain protein 1A [SH2D1A], or DSHP. Recurrent sinus infections, pneumonia, and bronchitis are common ...
  • Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome caused by a variety of gastrointestinal diseases causing the enteric loss of albumin and globulin. (vin.com)
  • Protein-losing enteropathy is uncommon in cats, and most cats with PLE are diagnosed with intestinal lymphoma or severe IBD. (vin.com)
  • It is considered to be a chronic form of protein-losing enteropathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Dog breeds commonly affected by lymphangiectasia and/or protein-losing enteropathy include the Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier, Norwegian Lundehund, Basenji, and Yorkshire Terrier. (wikipedia.org)
  • The objective of this study was to investigate if surgical and interventional procedures in patients with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and/or plastic bronchitis (PB) and a failing Fontan circulation can postpone or avoid HTX. (nih.gov)
  • The authors describe the case of fatal cumulative toxicities in a 58-year-old AIDS-free, HIV-infected patient, who successively developed under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): severe lipodystrophy, complicated osteoporosis, complicated non-cirrhotic portal hypertension of the liver (with ascites, portal thrombosis, oesophageal varices and protein-losing enteropathy) due to nodular regenerative hyperplasia. (nih.gov)
  • BACKGROUND: Fecal alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor (alpha(1)-PI) clearance is a reliable, noninvasive marker for protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) in human beings. (tamu.edu)
  • Upper endoscopy was performed for possible protein-losing enteropathy and the appearance of gastric and duodenal mucosa was found to be normal. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Chronic diarrhea is almost always seen with lymphangiectasia, but most other signs are linked to low blood protein levels (hypoproteinemia), which causes low oncotic pressure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Often there is an association with hypoproteinemia (low protein levels) caused by an excessive loss of protein into the gut. (petplace.com)
  • Inadequate protein intake will contribute to hypoproteinemia. (petplace.com)
  • Serum albumin and total protein should be carefully evaluated in all patients with a history of weight loss, anorexia, vomiting or diarrhoea. (vin.com)
  • This disease is characterized by lymphatic vessel dilation, chronic diarrhea and loss of proteins such as serum albumin and globulin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein-losing nephropathy can be easily eliminated from the differential list by performing a urinalysis and determining the urine protein: creatinine ratio if the animal is proteinuric. (vin.com)
  • Albumin is a transport protein and it may be useful in severe jaundice in hemolytic disease of the newborn. (nih.gov)
  • Humans typically lose only small amounts of iron in urine, feces, the gastrointestinal tract, and skin. (nih.gov)
  • Vets often treat protein-losing enteropathies (i.e. conditions where the dog loses protein through the GI tract) such as intestinal lymphangectasia in dogs (i.e. dilated lymphatic vessels in the GI tract) with a low fat, highly digestible diet in addition to medication. (toegrips.com)
  • Some dogs with the conditions listed may need a hydrolyzed protein diet (i.e. one where the protein is broken up into tiny pieces the immune system shouldn't react to) or a higher fiber diet. (toegrips.com)
  • All six individuals we report share a phenotype of ectodermal anomalies and mild features suggestive of a RASopathy, reminiscent of patients with Noonan syndrome-like disorder with loose anagen hair. (bvsalud.org)
  • An assay for measurement of this protein in the dog has been developed and validated and may be useful for the investigation of gastrointestinal disease in this species. (tamu.edu)
  • The 2 major types of protein present in the serum are albumin and the globulin proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Protein losing kidney disorders need to be considered in hypoproteinemic patients: Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of a part of the kidney) or amyloidosis, which is the deposition or collection of a type of protein in organs and tissues that compromise their normal function. (petplace.com)
  • Inclusion of low-fat kangaroo and low-fat sweet potato results in a nutritionally complete, novel protein diet that is one of the lowest fat therapeutic diets available. (eliminationdietsolutions.com)
  • [ 5 ] Plasma cell disorders are typically associated with the presence of an M-protein (see Table 2 below). (medscape.com)
  • Iron is an essential component of hemoglobin, an erythrocyte (red blood cell) protein that transfers oxygen from the lungs to the tissues [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Hookworms) which may contribute to the loss of protein. (vin.com)
  • Rupture of the lymphatics causes protein loss into the intestines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blood loss for any reason will decrease the protein level. (petplace.com)
  • Hypocalcemia (low calcium) is also seen due to poor absorption of vitamin D and calcium, and secondary to low protein binding of calcium. (wikipedia.org)
  • A diet very low in fat and high in high quality protein is essential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transferrin is the main protein in blood that binds to iron and transports it throughout the body. (nih.gov)
  • [ 1 ] Globulins make up a much smaller fraction of the total serum protein but represent the primary focus of interpretation of serum protein electrophoresis. (medscape.com)
  • Various disease states or conditions alter the pattern of proteins in electrophoresis (see Table 1 below). (medscape.com)
  • Albumin is the major protein component of serum and represents the largest peak that lies closest to the positive electrode. (medscape.com)
  • A dense narrow band that is composed of a single class of immunoglobulins secreted by an abnormally expanded clone of plasma cells is known as M-protein (paraprotein, monoclonal protein, or M-component). (medscape.com)
  • As a component of myoglobin, another protein that provides oxygen, iron supports muscle metabolism and healthy connective tissue [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
  • The challenges of the day may loose changed in the aid of Environmental Thousands in glittering natural problems and educational children in Behaviour to remove the Issuevol order. (superquadri.com.br)