Proteus
Proteus mirabilis
Proteus vulgaris
Proteus Syndrome
Identification of protease and rpoN-associated genes of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis by negative selection in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. (1/238)
Proteus mirabilis, a motile gram-negative bacterium, is a principal cause of urinary tract infections in patients with functional or anatomical abnormalities of the urinary tract or those with urinary catheters in place. Thus far, virulence factors including urease, flagella, haemolysin, various fimbriae, IgA protease and a deaminase have been characterized based on the phenotypic traits conferred by these proteins. In this study, an attempt was made to identify new virulence genes of P. mirabilis that may not have identifiable phenotypes using the recently described technique of signature-tagged mutagenesis. A pool of chromosomal transposon mutants was made through conjugation and kanamycin/tetracycline selection; random insertion was confirmed by Southern blotting of chromosomal DNA isolated from 16 mutants using the aphA gene as a probe. From the total pool, 2.3% (9/397) auxotrophic mutants and 3.5% (14/397) swarming mutants were identified by screening on minimal salts agar and Luria agar plates, respectively. Thirty per cent of the mutants, found to have either no tag or an unamplifiable tag, were removed from the input pool. Then 10(7) c.f.u. from a 96-mutant pool (approximately 10(5) c.f.u. of each mutant) were used as an input pool to transurethrally inoculate seven CBA mice. After 2 d infection, bacteria were recovered from the bladders and kidneys and yielded about 10(5) c.f.u. as an output pool. Dot blot analysis showed that two of the 96 mutants, designated B2 and B5, could not be hybridized by signature tags amplified from the bladder output pool. Interrupted genes from these two mutants were cloned and sequenced. The interrupted gene in B2 predicts a polypeptide of 37.3 kDa that shares amino acid similarity with a putative protease or collagenase precursor. The gene in B5 predicts a polypeptide of 32.6 kDa that is very similar to that encoded by ORF284 of the rpoN operon controlling expression of nitrogen-regulated genes from several bacterial species. The virulence of the two mutants was tested further by co-challenging CBA mice with each mutant and the parental strain. After 1 week of infection, the B2 and B5 mutants were recovered in numbers 100-fold and 1000-fold less than the parental strain, respectively. Using an in vitro assay, it was shown that the B2 mutant had significantly less (P = 0.0001) extracellular protease activity than the wild-type strain. These findings demonstrate that signature-tagged mutagenesis is a viable approach to identify bacterial genes associated with the ability to infect the urinary tract. (+info)Requirement of MrpH for mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbria-mediated hemagglutination by Proteus mirabilis. (2/238)
Two new genes, mrpH and mrpJ, were identified downstream of mrpG in the mrp gene cluster encoding mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Since the predicted MrpH has 30% amino acid sequence identity to PapG, the Galalpha(1-4)Gal-binding adhesin of Escherichia coli P fimbriae, we hypothesized that mrpH encodes the functional MR/P hemagglutinin. MR/P fimbriae, expressed in E. coli DH5alpha, conferred on bacteria both the ability to cause mannose-resistant hemagglutination and the ability to aggregate to form pellicles on the broth surface. Both a DeltamrpH mutant expressed in E. coli DH5alpha and an isogenic mrpH::aphA mutant of P. mirabilis were unable to produce normal MR/P fimbriae efficiently, suggesting that MrpH was involved in fimbrial assembly. Amino acid residue substitution of the N-terminal cysteine residues (C66S and C128S) of MrpH abolished the receptor-binding activity (hemagglutinating ability) of MrpH but allowed normal fimbrial assembly, supporting the notion that MrpH was the functional MR/P hemagglutinin. Immunogold electron microscopy of P. mirabilis HI4320 revealed that MrpH was located at the tip of MR/P fimbriae, also consistent with its role in receptor binding. The isogenic mrpH::aphA mutant of HI4320 was less able to colonize the urine, bladder, and kidneys in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection (P < 0.01), and therefore MR/P fimbriae contribute significantly to bacterial colonization in mice. While there are similarities between P. mirabilis MR/P and E. coli P fimbriae, there are more notable differences: (i) synthesis of the MrpH adhesin is required to initiate fimbrial assembly, (ii) MR/P fimbriae confer an aggregation phenotype, (iii) site-directed mutation of specific residues can abolish receptor binding but allows fimbrial assembly, and (iv) mutation of the adhesin gene abolishes virulence in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. (+info)Growth, cellular differentiation and virulence factor expression by Proteus mirabilis in vitro and in vivo. (3/238)
A uropathogenic strain of Proteus mirabilis was grown in vitro in human and mouse urine and brain-heart infusion broth (BHIB) and in vivo in subcutaneous open chambers (SOC) in mice, intraperitoneal diffusion chambers (IPC) in rats and by ascending urinary tract infection in mice in order to compare growth pattern, cellular differentiation and expression of virulence factors. Although the growth rate was slower in vivo than in vitro, the extent of growth was similar after 24 h. PR mirabilis differentiated into filamentous swarmer cells in all in-vitro culture conditions, but no filamentous cells were observed in either of the in-vivo chamber models. Transurethrally infected mice showed a rapid release or loss of filamentous cells and these could not be seen in kidney or bladder homogenates 7 days after infection. Bacteria showed increasing haemagglutination titres for fresh and tanned red blood cells after subculturing in BHIB, but bacteria grown in vivo did not show haemagglutination. An increasing resistance to normal serum was found when bacteria were grown in vivo. Significant haemolytic activity was detected with bacteria grown in BHIB and IPC, but almost no activity was found when bacteria had grown in urine. These findings improve the understanding of the role of P. mirabilis uropathogenic virulence factors in vivo. (+info)Investigation of the types and characteristics of the proteolytic enzymes formed by diverse strains of Proteus species. (4/238)
Many diverse clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis (48 strains), P. penneri (25), P. vulgaris biogroup 2 (48) and P. vulgaris biogroup 3 (21) from man were examined for their ability to produce proteolytic enzymes and the nature and characteristics of the proteases were studied. All the P. penneri isolates, most (94-90%) of the P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris biogroup 2 isolates, but only 71% of the P. vulgaris biogroup 3 isolates, secreted proteolytic enzymes. These were detected most readily at pH 8 with gelatin as substrate. A strong correlation was found between the ability of a strain to form swarming growth and its ability to secrete proteases. Non-swarming isolates invariably appeared to be non-proteolytic. However, some isolates, particularly of P. vulgaris biogroup 3, were non-proteolytic even when they formed swarming growth. Analysis of the secreted enzymes of the different Proteus spp. on polyacrylamide-gelatin gels under various constraints of pH and other factors showed that they were all EDTA-sensitive metalloproteinases. Analysis of the kinetics of production of the proteases revealed the formation of an additional protease of undefined type and function that was cell-associated and formed before the others were secreted. The secreted protease was subsequently modified to two isoforms whose mass (53-46 kDa) varied with the Proteus spp. and the strain. There was no evidence that the secreted proteases of strains of Proteus spp. were of types other than metalloproteinases. (+info)Structures of the O-specific polysaccharides and a serological cross-reactivity of the lipopolysaccharides of Proteus mirabilis O24 and O29. (5/238)
Strains of Proteus mirabilis belonging to serogroups O24 and O29 are frequent in clinical specimens. Anti-P. mirabilis O24 serum cross-reacted with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of P. mirabilis O29 and vice versa. The structures of the O-specific polysaccharides (OPSs, O-antigens) of both LPSs were established using sugar analysis and one- and two-dimensional 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and found to be different. SDS-PAGE and Western immunoblotting suggested that the serological cross-reactivity of the LPSs is due to a common epitope(s) on the core-lipid A moiety, rather than on the OPS. Therefore, the epitope specificity and the structures of the O-antigens studied are unique among Proteus serogroups. (+info)Serum immunoglobulin response and protection from homologous challenge by Proteus mirabilis in a mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection. (6/238)
We tested the hypothesis that experimental Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection in mice would protect against homologous bladder rechallenge. Despite production of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM (median titers of 1:320 and 1:80, respectively), vaccinated (infected and antibiotic-cured) mice did not show a decrease in mortality upon rechallenge; the survivors experienced only modest protection from infection (mean log(10) number of CFU of P. mirabilis Nal(r) HI4320 per milliliter or gram in vaccinated mice versus sham-vaccinated mice: urine, 100-fold less [3.5 versus 5.5; P = 0.13]; bladder, 100-fold less [3.1 versus 5.1; P = 0.066]; kidneys, 40-fold less [2.7 versus 4.3; P = 0.016]). Western blots using protein from the wild-type strain and isogenic mutants demonstrated antibody responses to MR/P and PMF fimbriae and flagella. There was no correlation between serum IgG or IgM levels and protection from mortality or infection. There was a trend toward elevated serum IgA titers and protection from subsequent challenge (P >/= 0.09), although only a few mice developed significant serum IgA levels. We conclude that prior infection with P. mirabilis does not protect significantly against homologous challenge. (+info)Problems related to determination of MICs of oximino-type expanded-spectrum cephems for Proteus vulgaris. (7/238)
During in vitro susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Proteus vulgaris, we noted that the MICs of several expanded-spectrum cephems were much higher in the broth microdilution method than in the agar dilution method (termed the MIC gap phenomenon). Here we investigated the mechanism of the MIC gap phenomenon. Cephems with the MIC gap phenomenon were of the oximino type, such as cefotaxime, cefteram, and cefpodoxime, which serve as good substrates for inducible class A beta-lactamase (CumA) enzymes produced by P. vulgaris; this finding suggests a relationship between the MIC gap phenomenon and CumA. Since peptidoglycan recycling shares a system common to that inducing CumA, we analyzed the mechanism of the MIC gap phenomenon using P. vulgaris B317 and isogenic mutants with mutations in the peptidoglycan recycling and beta-lactamase induction systems. The MIC gap phenomenon was observed in the parent strain B317 but not in B317G (cumG-defective mutant; defective peptidoglycan recycling) and B317R (cumR-defective mutant; defective CumA transcriptional regulator). No beta-lactamase activity was detected in B317G and B317R. beta-Lactamase activity and the MIC gap phenomenon were restored in B317G/pMD301 (strain transcomplemented by a cloned cumG gene) and B317R/pMD501 (strain transcomplemented by a cloned cumR gene). MICs determined by the agar dilution method increased when lower agar concentrations were used. Our results indicated that the mechanism of the MIC gap phenomenon is related to peptidoglycan recycling and CumA induction systems. However, it remains unclear how beta-lactamase induction of P. vulgaris is suppressed on agar plates. (+info)Evaluation of the discriminatory powers of the Dienes test and ribotyping as typing methods for Proteus mirabilis. (8/238)
A total of 63 clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis collected over a 19-month period were typed by the Dienes test and ribotyping. Ribotyping was performed using the fully automated RiboPrinter Microbial Characterization System (Qualicon, Wilmington, Del.). Isolates that were indistinguishable by the Dienes test and/or ribotyping were characterized further by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of the isolates represented unique strains as judged by the Dienes test and ribotyping. Forty isolates represented 40 different ribotypes and Dienes types. The remaining 23 isolates were grouped into 13 Dienes types, 12 ribotypes, and 14 PFGE types. The index of discrimination was 0.980 for the Dienes test, 0.979 for ribotyping, and 0.992 for PFGE. Both the Dienes test and ribotyping are useful methods for identifying individual strains of P. mirabilis. The Dienes test is simple, inexpensive, and easy to perform. It can be performed in virtually any laboratory and should be used in the initial epidemiologic characterization of P. mirabilis isolates. (+info)Proteus infections are caused by the bacterium Proteus mirabilis or other Proteus species. These bacteria are gram-negative, opportunistic pathogens that can cause various types of infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, and bacteremia (bloodstream infections). Proteus infections are often associated with complicated UTIs, catheter-associated UTIs, and healthcare-associated infections. They can be difficult to treat due to their ability to produce enzymes that inactivate certain antibiotics and form biofilms.
Proteus infections can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, fatigue, and discomfort in the affected area. In UTIs, patients may experience symptoms like burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine. Wound infections caused by Proteus can lead to delayed healing, increased pain, and pus formation. Bacteremia can cause sepsis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Treatment for Proteus infections typically involves antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or carbapenems. The choice of antibiotic depends on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the patient's overall health status and any underlying medical conditions. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain abscesses or remove infected devices like catheters.
'Proteus' doesn't have a specific medical definition itself, but it is related to a syndrome in medicine. Proteus syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the overgrowth of various tissues and organs in the body. The name "Proteus" comes from the Greek god Proteus, who could change his form at will, reflecting the diverse and ever-changing nature of this condition's symptoms.
People with Proteus syndrome experience asymmetric overgrowth of bones, skin, and other tissues, leading to abnormalities in body shape and function. The disorder can also affect blood vessels, causing benign tumors called hamartomas to develop. Additionally, individuals with Proteus syndrome are at an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
The genetic mutation responsible for Proteus syndrome is found in the AKT1 gene, which plays a crucial role in cell growth and division. This disorder is typically not inherited but instead arises spontaneously as a new mutation in the affected individual. Early diagnosis and management of Proteus syndrome can help improve patients' quality of life and reduce complications associated with the condition.
Proteus mirabilis is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil and water. In humans, P. mirabilis can be part of the normal gut flora but can also cause opportunistic infections, particularly in the urinary tract. It is known for its ability to produce urease, which can lead to the formation of urinary stones and blockages.
P. mirabilis infections are often associated with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or urinary catheterization. Symptoms of a P. mirabilis infection may include fever, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and pain or burning during urination. Treatment typically involves antibiotics that are effective against Gram-negative bacteria, although resistance to certain antibiotics is not uncommon in P. mirabilis isolates.
Proteus vulgaris is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in soil, water, and the human digestive tract. They are named after the Greek god Proteus, who could change his shape at will, as these bacteria are known for their ability to undergo various morphological changes.
Proteus vulgaris is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and can cause opportunistic infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions. They can cause a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, wound infections, pneumonia, and bacteremia (bloodstream infections).
Proteus vulgaris is also known for its ability to produce urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This can lead to the formation of urinary stones and contribute to the development of chronic urinary tract infections. Additionally, Proteus vulgaris can form biofilms, which can make it difficult to eradicate the bacteria from infected sites.
In a medical context, identifying Proteus vulgaris is important for determining appropriate antibiotic therapy and managing infections caused by this organism.
Proteus Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive overgrowth of skin, bones, muscles, and other tissues. It is caused by a mutation in the AKT1 gene, which regulates cell growth and division. The disorder is named after the Greek sea-god Proteus, who could change his shape at will, as people with this condition often have highly variable and asymmetric features.
The symptoms of Proteus Syndrome can vary widely from person to person, but may include:
1. Overgrowth of skin, which can lead to the formation of thickened, rough, or irregular areas of skin (known as "cerebriform" skin) and deep creases or folds.
2. Asymmetric overgrowth of bones, muscles, and other tissues, leading to differences in size and shape between the two sides of the body.
3. The formation of benign tumors (such as lipomas and lymphangiomas) and abnormal blood vessels.
4. Abnormalities of the brain, eyes, and other organs.
5. Increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
Proteus Syndrome is typically diagnosed based on a combination of clinical features, medical imaging, and genetic testing. There is no cure for the disorder, but treatment is focused on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve surgery to remove tumors or correct bone deformities, physical therapy to improve mobility and strength, and medications to control pain and other symptoms.
"Proteus penneri" is a gram-negative bacterium that is commonly found in the environment, including water and soil. It is a species within the genus Proteus, which are known for their ability to swarm and form spreading colonies on agar media. "Proteus penneri" is closely related to another species, "Proteus mirabilis," and was previously considered to be part of the same species.
"Proteus penneri" can cause a variety of infections in humans, including urinary tract infections, wound infections, and bacteremia (bloodstream infections). It is often resistant to multiple antibiotics, which can make treatment challenging. Proper identification of the organism through laboratory testing is important for guiding appropriate therapy.
It's worth noting that medical definitions can vary depending on the source and context, so it may be helpful to consult a reliable medical or scientific reference for more detailed information.
Proteus mirabilis
Morganellaceae
Proteus vulgaris
Proteus penneri
Sanjay Gupta
Complication (medicine)
Lactobacillus vaccine
Backhousia myrtifolia
Eagle effect
Proteus (Marvel Comics)
Urease
Proteus (bacterium)
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis
Frank Zappa
Frank Zappa in popular culture
Morganella morganii
Urinary tract infection
Green nail syndrome
Hyperammonemia
Proteus (disambiguation)
Sultamicillin
List of MeSH codes (C01)
Providencia rettgeri
Coliform bacteria
Nalidixic acid
Cefixime
Anal gland
Gram-negative toe web infection
Treatment of infections after exposure to ionizing radiation
Meralluride
Proteus Infections: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Pages that link to "Proteus infection medical therapy" - wikidoc
Serotyping and the Dienes reaction on Proteus mirabilis from hospital infections | Journal of Clinical Pathology
A small-molecular inhibitor against Proteus mirabilis urease to treat catheter-associated urinary tract infections - Lancaster...
Proteus Infections: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Proteus Infections | Colorado PROFILES
proteus mirabilis skin infection. Archives - Viral On The Web Now
Proteus mirabilis - Wikipedia
THE EFFECT OF VERNONIA AMYGDALENA EXTRACT ON PROTEUS INDUCED URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN ADULT WISTAR ALBINO RATS.
Klebsiella Infections Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
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Enhanced Identification of Postoperative Infections among Outpatients - Volume 10, Number 11-November 2004 - Emerging...
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Pathogens | Free Full-Text | Microbial Biofilms in Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis: Etiology, Pathogenicity, and...
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Treat and Prevent UTIs Without Drugs - Chris Kresser
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Ammonia blood test
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Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
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Self-organization of swimmers drives long-range fluid transport in bacterial colonies | Nature Communications
Pseudomonas5
- Patients with recurrent infections, those with structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, those who have had urethral instrumentation, and those whose infections were acquired in the hospital have an increased frequency of infection caused by Proteus and other organisms (eg, Klebsiella, Enterobacter , Pseudomonas, enterococci , staphylococci ). (medscape.com)
- Enterobacteriaceae (of which Proteus is a member) and Pseudomonas species are the microorganisms most commonly responsible for gram-negative bacteremia. (medscape.com)
- Most common Escherichia coli is generally the causative agent for the chronic pyelonephritis and other bacteria that are associated with kidney infection are proteus, streptococcus faecalis, pseudomonas and staphylococcus aures. (clickpress.com)
- E. coli (food poisoning), Staphylococcus (staph infections), proteus (bladder infection), Enterobacter (hospital-acquired infections), Pseudomonas (urinary tract infections). (rethinkingcancer.org)
- Treatment of carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CP-CRPA) infections is challenging because of antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
UTIs13
- Most UTIs are not serious, but some can lead to serious problems, particularly with upper urinary tract infections. (eprojecttopics.com)
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most important causes of morbidity and health care spending affecting persons of all ages. (mdpi.com)
- Bacterial biofilms play an important role in UTIs, responsible for persistent infections leading to recurrences and relapses. (mdpi.com)
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are infections anywhere along the urinary tract, including the bladder and kidneys, are the second most common type of infection in the United States. (chriskresser.com)
- While I personally have never had a UTI, my patients have told me how symptoms like pain, burning, nausea, and even bloody urine can be debilitating, and for those who get chronic UTIs, the fear of infection can be enough to prevent engagement in any activities that could trigger one. (chriskresser.com)
- So, while drugs may be an easy fix for the short term, in the long run, you will continue to be susceptible to UTIs, and these infections may be worse than if you had never taken a course of antibiotics in the first place! (chriskresser.com)
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of morbidity, especially in young women. (nih.gov)
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are defined as two episodes of acute bacterial cystitis, along with associated symptoms within the last six months or three episodes within the last year. (nih.gov)
- Likewise, Proteus mirabilis is one of the leading causes of nosocomial Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and is associated with urinary catheter blockage. (dissertation.com)
- Other postpartum infections include (1) postsurgical wound infections, (2) perineal cellulitis, (3) mastitis, (4) respiratory complications from anesthesia, (5) retained products of conception, (6) urinary tract infections (UTIs), and (7) septic pelvic phlebitis. (medscape.com)
- Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys ( pyelonephritis), and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder ( cystitis), urethra. (msdmanuals.com)
- Kidney infections belong to the family of infections of the urinary system called urinary tract infections ( UTIs ). (emedicinehealth.com)
- In humans, it causes urinary tract infections , or UTIs for short. (osmosis.org)
Bacterial infections12
- Bacterial enzymes are employed as targets for small molecular intervention in human bacterial infections. (lancs.ac.uk)
- Bacterial infections of the foot. (japmaonline.org)
- Felix d'Herelle first coined the term "bacteriophage" ( 4 ), literally meaning "bacterium eater," and began using phages to treat bacterial infections in human patients ( Fig. 1 ). (asm.org)
- An important concept in the evaluation of data regarding transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections (TTBIs) is the definition of a case. (medscape.com)
- Trimethoprim is a prescription medication used to treat bacterial infections. (rxwiki.com)
- Objective: Neonatal bacterial infections are a leading cause of mortality in developing countries, including Benin. (scirp.org)
- This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and bacteriological aspects of neonatal bacterial infections and their outcomes in the neonatal care unit of the Borgou Regional University Teaching Hospital (CHUD-Borgou). (scirp.org)
- Results: Neonatal bacterial infections accounted for 63.75% of admissions. (scirp.org)
- Place of birth (p -3 ), age of the newborn at admission (p = 0.003) and maternal history of infectious diseases during pregnancy (p = 0.02) were factors associated with neonatal bacterial infections. (scirp.org)
- Conclusion: This study identified the main pathogens responsible for neonatal bacterial infections and their level of sensitivity to antibiotics. (scirp.org)
- It also determined the different factors associated with neonatal bacterial infections that should be considered in newborn care. (scirp.org)
- The aim of this research work was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and etiological aspects of neonatal bacterial infections and their outcomes. (scirp.org)
Escherichia7
- Proteus organisms are implicated as serious causes of infections in humans, along with Escherichia, Klebsiella , Enterobacter , and Serratia species. (medscape.com)
- Proteus species are most commonly found in the human intestinal tract as part of normal human intestinal flora, along with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, of which E coli is the predominant resident. (medscape.com)
- Upper respiratory infections, tonsillitis and bronchopneumonia due to hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pasteurella spp. (nih.gov)
- Urinary Tract Infections due to Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. (nih.gov)
- On September 22, the Florida Department of Health received notification of Escherichia coli , Enterococcus faecalis, and Proteus mirabilis joint infections in four patients who had received injections of these same products at an orthopedic clinic during February 15-August 30, 2018, also for other than hematopoietic or immunologic reconstitution. (cdc.gov)
- The most common pathogens are Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli . (msdmanuals.com)
- . Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene were found in a urine sample from a person in Pennsylvania with no recent travel outside of the United States who presented to a clinic with a urinary tract infection. (cdc.gov)
Enterobacter2
- On September 17, 2018, the Texas Department of State Health Services received notification of Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii bloodstream infections in three patients who had received injections or infusions of non-FDA-approved umbilical cord blood-derived stem cell products processed by Genetech, Inc., and distributed by Liveyon, LLC, for other than hematopoietic or immunologic reconstitution at an outpatient clinic on September 12. (cdc.gov)
- Resistance to ampicillin is also seen in enterobacter, citrobacter, s2242atia, indole-positive proteus species, and other hospital-acquired gram negative infections. (standardofcare.com)
Staphylococcus3
- Staphylococcus epidermidis is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections associated with implanted medical devices. (dissertation.com)
- Most often, the etiologic organisms associated with perineal cellulitis and episiotomy site infections are Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species and gram-negative organisms, as in endometritis. (medscape.com)
- Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species are the most commonly isolated organisms in patients with pyogenic vertebral infections. (wheelessonline.com)
Catheter-associated8
- Urease is a metalloenzyme known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and virulence of catheter-associated Proteus mirabilis infection. (lancs.ac.uk)
- Proteus mirabilis is most frequently associated with infections of the urinary tract, especially in complicated or catheter-associated urinary tract infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Although not all catheter-associated urinary tract infections can be prevented, it is believed that a large number could be avoided by the proper management of the indwelling catheter. (cdc.gov)
- Adoption of the closed method of urinary drainage has markedly reduced the risk of acquiring a catheter-associated infection, but the risk is still substantial. (cdc.gov)
- Host factors which appear to increase the risk of acquiring catheter-associated urinary tract infections include advanced age, debilitation, and the postpartum state (7,8). (cdc.gov)
- Catheter-associated urinary tract infections are generally assumed to be benign. (cdc.gov)
- The natural history of catheter associated urinary tract infections has been largely unstudied. (cdc.gov)
- Proteus mirabilis is a biofilm-forming bacterium and one of the most common causes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). (mysciencework.com)
Organisms10
- Proteus organisms also induce apoptosis and epithelial cell desquamation. (medscape.com)
- A large number of serotypes were recognized but no difference was found between the serotype of organisms infecting the urinary tract and those from other infections. (bmj.com)
- By serology and the Dienes test 61% of the organisms isolated from the urine and faeces of a single patient were identical, indicating that infection arose from the intestine. (bmj.com)
- One of the common organisms that cause urinary tract infections is Proteus mirabilis which is a gram negative bacterium. (eprojecttopics.com)
- Patients with these infections have similar presentations to those with infections caused by other organisms. (medscape.com)
- Recurrent urinary tract infections are usually new infections with different bacterial organisms. (nih.gov)
- While in vitro studies have demonstrated the susceptibility of most strains of the following organisms, clinical efficacy for infections other than those included in the INDICATIONS AND USAGE section has not been demonstrated. (nih.gov)
- Gram-positive organisms, for example, Streptococcus pyogenes and S. aureus , historically were major causes of morbidity and mortality following penetrating trauma in the pre-antibiotic era and remain initial pathogens for many infection types. (medscape.com)
- Effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci, and has demonstrated activity against Gram-negative organisms such as H. influenzae, coliforms and Proteus spp. (standardofcare.com)
- Infection usually is caused by bacterial organisms, but can also be due to viral or fungal organisms. (wheelessonline.com)
Nosocomial7
- However, Proteus species are not the most common cause of nosocomial infections. (medscape.com)
- Common klebsiellae infections in humans include (1) community-acquired pneumonia, (2) UTI, (3) nosocomial infection, (4) rhinoscleroma and ozena, (5) chronic genital ulcerative disease, and (6) colonization. (medscape.com)
- Other nosocomial infections in which klebsiellae may also be implicated include cholangitis, meningitis, endocarditis, and bacterial endophthalmitis. (medscape.com)
- Differentiating nosocomial colonization from infection presents a formidable challenge in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
- The extrapolated infection rates of 2.8% for breast procedures and 3.1% for cesarean section were similar to those reported by the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance program but differ in representing predominantly outpatient infections. (cdc.gov)
- The urinary tract is the most common site of nosocomial infection, accounting for more than 40% of the total number reported by acute-care hospitals and affecting an estimated 600,000 patients per year (1). (cdc.gov)
- The rapid spread of multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis represents a severe threat to management of nosocomial infections. (mysciencework.com)
Urinary tract36
- Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infections to affect humans. (eprojecttopics.com)
- Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a cause of significant discomfort, acute and long-term morbidity, and loss of productivity, resulting in over 7 million office visits with an estimated 1 million episodes annually of UTI-related illness requiring hospitalizations. (eprojecttopics.com)
- Most of these infections -- 66% to 86% -- follow instrumentation of the urinary tract, mainly urinary catheterization (2). (cdc.gov)
- The risk of acquiring a urinary tract infection depends on the method and duration of catheterization, the quality of catheter care, and host susceptibility. (cdc.gov)
- Describe the etiology of recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
- Review the presentation of a patient with recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
- Summarize the management considerations for patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
- Explain the importance of improving care coordination among the interprofessional team to enhance the delivery of care for patients affected by recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
- The cost of treating urinary tract infections in the United States alone is about 3.5 billion dollars a year. (nih.gov)
- Anatomical defects that lead to stasis, obstruction, urinary reflux all result in an increased predisposition to recurrent urinary tract infections. (nih.gov)
- Recurrent urinary tract infections may be commonly seen in sexually active women without any identifiable structural abnormality or another predisposing condition. (nih.gov)
- Older men can often develop urinary tract infections due to outflow obstruction or neurogenic bladder resulting in urinary stasis and an increased risk of recurrent infection. (nih.gov)
- Approximately one in three women suffers an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) before the age of 24. (nih.gov)
- ABSTRACT Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem in pregnant woman. (who.int)
- Chronic pyelonephritis is a serious case of pyelonephritis which is a bacterial urinary tract infection of the kidneys. (clickpress.com)
- Previously the boy had Proteus urinary tract infection (UTI) treated with oral antibiotics in the community but no further investigations. (bmj.com)
- The presence of urinary tract infections and having a significant intravesical prostatic extension (BPH) are the clinical signs that are most closely associated with the development of bladder calculi. (statpearls.com)
- Closely related to amoxicillin, and both are used to treat urinary tract infections, otitis media, H. influenzae infection, salmonellosis, and Listeria meningitis. (standardofcare.com)
- Cefaclor is a prescription medication used to treat certain infections of the ears, throat, lungs, skin, and urinary tract. (rxwiki.com)
- In general, the infection of the urethra, bladder, and prostate is known as a lower urinary tract infection . (emedicinehealth.com)
- When the infection ascends to involve the kidneys, then it is called an upper urinary tract infection . (emedicinehealth.com)
- Urinary tract infections are very common and may affect 40% of women and 10% of men in their lifetime. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Urinary tract infections are also common in children and may be difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are not easily recognizable. (emedicinehealth.com)
- In children, urinary tract infections may be seen more frequently in boys less than 1 year of age and girls less than 4 years of age. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Kidney and urinary tract infections may be caused by bacteria invading the urine , which is normally a sterile body fluid. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Because of the shorter length of the urethra in women, urinary tract infections are more common in women compared to men. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Some factors may predispose certain people to urinary tract infections. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Sexual intercourse may increase the risk of urinary tract infections in women. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Pregnant women may be at higher risk for developing urinary tract infections. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Approximately 10% of pregnant women may develop kidney and urinary tract infections during their pregnancy . (emedicinehealth.com)
- Kidney stones are another factor that may increase the likelihood of urinary tract infection. (emedicinehealth.com)
- This obstruction may act as a focus of infection in the urinary system, leading to urinary tract infections. (emedicinehealth.com)
- The most common sources are urinary tract infections and the transient bacteremia caused by genitourinary procedures. (wheelessonline.com)
- Plasmid-mediated multiple antibiotic resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. (medscirev.com)
- Urinary levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in children with urinary tract infections to age 2. (medscirev.com)
- Urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity for both mother and baby. (who.int)
Mirabilis causes 902
- P mirabilis causes 90% of Proteus infections and can be considered a community-acquired infection. (medscape.com)
- P. mirabilis causes 90% of all Proteus infections in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Coli2
- Long-term use of antibiotics can also lead to antibiotic resistance in strains of bacteria like E. coli in the gut, and a UTI caused by these bacteria will be even more challenging to eliminate and can cause more serious issues like a kidney or bladder infection. (chriskresser.com)
- Gram-negative sepsis caused by E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella sp. (nih.gov)
Pneumonia1
- Proteus species can also cause wound infections, sepsis, and pneumonia, mostly in hospitalized patients. (wikipedia.org)
Antimicrobial4
- We searched claims and pharmacy data during the 60 days after surgery for previously published diagnosis codes, procedure codes, and antimicrobial agent dispensing suggestive of infection ( 21 ). (cdc.gov)
- Trials optimizing timing of antibiotic administration with regard to known antimicrobial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties (e.g., prolonging infusion times of β-lactams to reduce bacterial resistance) should also assist in improving outcomes in penetrating traumatic infections, which are increasingly antibiotic resistant. (medscape.com)
- In this study, the application of biofield energy treatment has considerably altered the phenotype and genotype of the microbes and thereby changed in Antimicrobial susceptibility of Proteus vulgaris. (slideserve.com)
- In particular, treating infections caused by staphylococci with acquired antimicrobial resistance is problematic, as their treatment is more difficult. (mysciencework.com)
Strains5
- The serotype of 320 strains of Proteus mirabilis from clinical material was determined. (bmj.com)
- Most groups of serologically identical strains could, by the Dienes test, be further divided into a number of subtypes indicating that the strains were different and that cross infection had not been responsible for their spread. (bmj.com)
- Cefpodoxime proxetil is indicated for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate infections caused by Susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the conditions listed below. (globalrph.com)
- Acute, uncomplicated ano-rectal infections in women due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including penicillinase-producing strains). (globalrph.com)
- Among the enterobacteria, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, and two Salmonella strains were lysed by the phages. (cdc.gov)
Bronchitis1
- A hot tea made with cloves, bay leaves, cinnamon and majoram helps relieve bronchitis, asthma, coughs, as well as the tendency to infection. (rethinkingcancer.org)
Candida3
- Augmented enterocyte damage during Candida albicans and Proteus mirabilis coinfection. (mpg.de)
- Less noticeable activity was recorded against Candida albicans and Proteus vulgaris. (siberianpinenutoil.org)
- Cette etude menee en 1997 en milieu hospitalier senegalais se propose d'identifier les differentes especes de Candida isoles chez 60 sujets vivant avec le VIH et porteurs de Candidose oropharyngee. (bvsalud.org)
Pyelonephritis3
- Chronic pyelonephritis is continuing pyogenic infection of the kidney that occurs almost exclusively in patients with major anatomic abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
- Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is an unusual variant that appears to represent an abnormal inflammatory response to infection. (msdmanuals.com)
- Infection of the kidney(s) is also known as pyelonephritis. (emedicinehealth.com)
Virulence2
- The swarming capability of Proteus mirabilis is important because it is implicated in the pathogenesis of the bacteria and the swarming capability is associated with the bacteria's ability to express virulence factors Proteus mirabilis has a very characteristic bulls-eye appearance on an agar plate due to the regular periodic cycling between the vegetative and swarming state of the cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Ok, now Proteus mirabilis has a number of virulence factors, that are like assault weaponry that help it attack and destroy the host cells, and evade the immune system . (osmosis.org)
Enterococcus1
- Gastrointestinal Infections due to Enterococcus spp. (nih.gov)
Kidney9
- The bacterium can be found throughout the stones, and these bacteria lurking in the kidney stones can reinitiate infection after antibiotic treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- Recurrent or long-lasting kidney infections (chronic) can cause permanent damage, and some sudden kidney infections (acute) can be life-threatening, particularly if septicemia (bacteria entering the bloodstream) occurs (McIntosh, 2017). (eprojecttopics.com)
- Common symptoms of a kidney infection are nausea, fatigue, and dull lower back pain. (emedicinehealth.com)
- In chronic (long-standing) kidney infections, the symptoms may be milder, but more long-lasting. (emedicinehealth.com)
- The most important test in diagnosing kidney infection is a urinalysis (UA). (emedicinehealth.com)
- The most important component of the treatment of kidney infection is the prompt administration of antibiotics . (emedicinehealth.com)
- Rarely, serious complications from a kidney infection occur. (emedicinehealth.com)
- What are Symptoms and Signs of Kidney Infections in Men and Women? (emedicinehealth.com)
- Kidney infection may be facilitated by the introduction of bacteria from outside (vagina) to the urinary system through the urethra. (emedicinehealth.com)
Chronic5
- Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infection. (medscape.com)
- Zymox Otic highly effective in the management of acute and chronic otitis due to bacterial, fungal or yeast infections without antibiotics. (entirelypets.com)
- Lithostat (acetohydroxamic acid) tablets are a urease inhibitor indicated as adjunctive therapy in patients with chronic urea -splitting urinary infection. (rxlist.com)
- Understanding the physiology of these structured microbial communities is not only essential to the treatment of chronic infections, but also important to industrial applications, such as bioremediation, anti-biofouling and food hygiene. (nature.com)
- Liver diseases associated with chronic Cryptosporidium infection often develops. (lu.se)
Treatment of infections2
- Cite this: Prophylaxis and Treatment of Infections Associated with Penetrating Traumatic Injury - Medscape - Jan 01, 2011. (medscape.com)
- Other recommendations include treatment of infections with antibacterials, antifungals, and antivirals, intravenous gamma-globulin infusion, irradiation of all blood products. (lu.se)
Multidrug-resistant2
- While multidrug-resistant infections are clearly on the rise, the cause remains unclear. (medscape.com)
- The mcr-1 gene makes bacteria resistant to the antibiotic colistin, which is used as a last-resort drug to treat patients with infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology2
- Epidemiology and pathogenesis of HIV infection. (japmaonline.org)
- We describe the epidemiology and clinical course observed in the reported infections. (bvsalud.org)
Gram5
- Proteus species are part of the Enterobacteriaceae family of gram-negative bacilli. (medscape.com)
- Proteus species possess an extracytoplasmic outer membrane, a feature shared with other gram-negative bacteria. (medscape.com)
- Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
- Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacillus which belongs to a family of bacteria called the Enterobacteriaceae. (osmosis.org)
- Now, Proteus mirabilis has a thin peptidoglycan layer, so it doesn't retain the crystal violet dye during Gram staining. (osmosis.org)
Vulgaris9
- P mirabilis and P vulgaris account for most clinical Proteus isolates. (medscape.com)
- Proteus vulgaris and Proteus penneri are easily isolated from individuals in long-term care facilities and hospitals and from patients with underlying diseases or compromised immune systems. (medscape.com)
- ISSN: 2376-7359 (Online) Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Proteus vulgaris After Biofield Treatment Mahendra Kumar Trivedi1, Alice Branton1, Dahryn Trivedi1, Gopal Nayak1, Sambhu Charan Mondal2, Snehasis Jana2, * 1Trivedi Global Inc., Henderson, USA 2Trivedi Science Research Laboratory Pvt. (slideserve.com)
- Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Proteus vulgaris After Biofield Treatment. (slideserve.com)
- doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20150306.12 Abstract: Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) is widespread in nature, mainly found in flora of human gastrointestinal tract. (slideserve.com)
- Proteus vulgaris). (slideserve.com)
- 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified sample in this experiment was Proteus vulgaris after biofield treatment. (slideserve.com)
- Ureido-penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, imipenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are the drugs of choice to treat P. vulgaris associate infections but it possess high level of resistance against penicillin and other antibiotics[4]. (slideserve.com)
- Proteus vulgaris is an bacterium that induces intestinal infections. (siberianpinenutoil.org)
Clinical1
- We describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox virus infection in cisgender (cis) and transgender (trans) women and non-binary individuals assigned female sex at birth to improve identification and understanding of risk factors. (bvsalud.org)
Etiology1
- Local spread of colonized bacteria is the most common etiology for postpartum infection following vaginal delivery. (medscape.com)
Abscesses1
- Prevalence of Proteus mirabilis in skin abscesses of the axilla. (ucdenver.edu)
Bacteria called1
- Others, however, say the culprits are a bacteria called Proteus, which live in animal feces and soil meaning they are picked up on the dog's paws. (dailymail.co.uk)
Hauseri1
- However, the nearest homolog genus-species was found to be Proteus hauseri. (slideserve.com)
Species3
- The attachment of Proteus species to uroepithelial cells initiates several events in the mucosal endothelial cells, including secretion of interleukin 6 and interleukin 8. (medscape.com)
- Kalra A, Cooley C, Tsigrelis C. Treatment of endocarditis due to Proteus species: a literature review. (ucdenver.edu)
- This pattern can be used to distinguish Proteus mirabilis from other species of swarming bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Antibiotics4
- Furthermore, antibiotics do very little to prevent the infection from happening in the first place. (chriskresser.com)
- Enzymes are naturally occurring proteins that are highly effective against bacterial, fungal and yeast ear infections, so it's an excellent alternative to antibiotics. (entirelypets.com)
- The consequence of this situation is an excessive diagnosis of neonatal infection and the over-prescription of antibiotics. (scirp.org)
- This bacteria can be identified in a urine culture, and the treatment of its infections involves antibiotics like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , fluoroquinolones, and cephalosporins. (osmosis.org)
Patients with urinary infection1
- Proteus mirabilis was isolated from the faeces of 84·5% of 84 patients with urinary infection and from none of 20 normal controls. (bmj.com)
Susceptibility1
- The children have extreme susceptibility to bacterial, viral, and fungal infections in the first year of life and usually results in death by age of four. (lu.se)
Motility2
- Proteus mirabilis can migrate across the surface of solid media or devices using a type of cooperative group motility called swarming. (wikipedia.org)
- First, Proteus mirabilis has flagella, which are lash-like appendages that comes out from the cell body , and confer the bacteria its motility. (osmosis.org)
Urease1
- Long-term treatment with AHA may be warranted to maintain urease inhibition as long as urea-splitting infection is present. (rxlist.com)
Recurrent infections2
Prevalence2
- 5,14 That prevalence of this infection increases with age is possibly due to a number of factors: the increasing age of the population, increasing number of patients on renal replacement therapy, increasing number of patients with immunosuppressive medications and increasing rates of bacteremia due to intravascular devices and other forms of instrumentation. (wheelessonline.com)
- The prevalence of HIV co-infection in the cohort was high. (bvsalud.org)
Commonly3
- Uncomplicated infections occur most commonly in otherwise healthy women when uropathogenic bacteria ascend from the perineum into the bladder and overcome host innate immunity. (eprojecttopics.com)
- The most commonly used methods for surgical site infection (SSI) surveillance are labor intensive, susceptible to variability, and relatively insensitive to SSI after hospital discharge ( 1 - 17 ). (cdc.gov)
- Such infections commonly originate from elsewhere in the body and spread to the spine and its musculoskeletal components. (wheelessonline.com)
Antibiotic resistant1
- CDC is issuing this HAN notice as a reminder to U.S. healthcare facilities about recommendations to prevent antibiotic resistant infections and alert them to additional recommendations for detecting and reporting bacteria with the mcr-1 gene. (cdc.gov)
20223
- BACKGROUND: Between May and November, 2022, global outbreaks of human monkeypox virus infection have been reported in more than 78 000 people worldwide, predominantly in men who have sex with men. (bvsalud.org)
- FINDINGS: Collaborators reported data for a total of 136 individuals with monkeypox virus infection who presented between May 11 and Oct 4, 2022, across 15 countries. (bvsalud.org)
- A health care-associated infections team from the Idaho Division of Public Health visited hospital A during March 21-22, 2022, to discuss the cluster investigation with hospital A staff members and to collect environmental samples. (cdc.gov)
Pathogenesis1
- A prospective trial is not feasible in military patients owing to dangerous conditions of injury but a trial examining infection pathogenesis and bacterial pathogen-specific outcomes by evaluating host immune response using modern genomic and proteomic molecular techniques would provide valuable information and could be carried out at a large academic trauma center. (medscape.com)
Gonorrhoeae2
- The efficacy of cefpodoxime in treating male patients with rectal infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae has not been established. (globalrph.com)
- Data do not support the use of cefpodoxime proxetil in the treatment of pharyngeal infections due to N. gonorrhoeae in men or women. (globalrph.com)