Psychotria
Cephaelis
Burkholderia
Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf galls of Psychotria (Rubiaceae, angiosperms) and proposal of 'Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii' sp. nov. (1/11)
This paper reports the identification of bacterial endosymbionts inhabiting the leaf galls of Psychotria kirkii. A phylogenetic approach was used to reveal the identity of these as yet uncultivable bacterial endophytes. Based on the analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, evolutionary trees were constructed that place the endosymbiont in the genus Burkholderia. Low levels of sequence identity and rather large evolutionary distances to the closest validly named relatives indicate that these symbiotic bacteria represent a novel species. Until cultivation is successful or until more phenotypic data become available the provisional name 'Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii' sp. nov. is proposed. (+info)'Candidatus Burkholderia calva' and 'Candidatus Burkholderia nigropunctata' as leaf gall endosymbionts of African Psychotria. (2/11)
Phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene analysis was used to assign the bacterial leaf-nodulating endosymbionts of two tropical African Psychotria species to the genus Burkholderia. The microsymbionts of the different Psychotria hosts were recognized as distinct and novel species of Burkholderia on the basis of relatively low intersequence similarities and sufficiently large evolutionary distances when compared with each other and their closest validly named neighbours. The obligate endosymbiotic nature of the bacteria prevented their in vitro cultivation and the deposition of type strains to culture collections. Therefore, the provisional status Candidatus is assigned to the bacterial partners of Psychotria calva and Psychotria nigropunctata, with the proposal of the names 'Candidatus Burkholderia calva' and 'Candidatus Burkholderia nigropunctata', respectively. (+info)Potential bird dispersers of Psychotria in a area of Atlantic forest on Ilha Grande, RJ, Southeastern Brazil: a biochemical analysis of the fruits. (3/11)
The present study assessed the fruiting pattern, bird foraging behavior, and sugar content of ripe fruits of two sympatric species of Rubiaceae (Psychotria brasiliensis and P. nuda). This study was carried out in an Atlantic forest area on Ilha Grande, RJ, between August 1998 and July 1999. Fruit production occurred year round, with a peak of mature P. brasiliensis fruits in December 1998 and another of P. nuda in February of 1999. Lipaugus lanioides (Cotingidae), Baryphtengus ruficapillus (Momotidae) and Saltator similis (Emberizidae) made the most frequent foraging visits to fruiting P. brasiliensis, so that L. lanioides and B. ruficapillus removed the fruits with sallying maneuvers while S. similis gleaned the fruits. Lipaugus lanioides was by far the most important consumer, and potentially the main disperser of P. brasiliensis. Birds of this genus are heavy frugivores in the tropical forests and are widely assumed to be important seed dispersers. The fruits were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively in relation to the amounts of sucrose and starch. Psychotria brasiliensis (the visited species) showed the smallest quantity of sucrose and the highest amount of starch. These findings suggest that what may influence the birds' choice of fruit is the proportion of starch in the Psychotria species studied here rather than the carbohydrate composition. (+info)Metabolic engineering of cell cultures versus whole plant complexity in production of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids: recent progress related to old dilemma. (4/11)
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large class of plant alkaloids with significant pharmacological interest. The sustained production of MIAs at high yields is an important goal in biotechnology. Intensive effort has been expended toward the isolation, cloning, characterization and transgenic modulation of genes involved in MIA biosynthesis and in the control of the expression of these biosynthesis-related genes. At the same time, considerable progress has been made in the detailed description of the subcellular-, cellular-, tissue- and organ-specific expressions of portions of the biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of MIAs, revealing a complex picture of the transport of biosynthetic intermediates among membrane compartments, cells and tissues. The identification of the particular environmental and ontogenetic requirements for maximum alkaloid yield in MIA-producing plants has been useful in improving the supply of bioactive molecules. The search for new bioactive MIAs, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, is continuously increasing the arsenal for therapeutic, industrially and agriculturally useful molecules. In this review we focus on recent progress in the production of MIAs in transgenic cell cultures and organs (with emphasis on Catharanthus roseus and Rauvolfia serpentina alkaloids), advances in the understanding of in planta spatial-temporal expression of MIA metabolic pathways, and on the identification of factors capable of modulating bioactive alkaloid accumulation in nontransgenic differentiated cultures and plants (with emphasis on new MIAs from Psychotria species). The combined use of metabolic engineering and physiological modulation in transgenic and wild-type plants, although not fully exploited to date, is likely to provide the sustainable and rational supply of bioactive MIAs needed for human well being. (+info)Integrated analysis of tropical trees growth: a multivariate approach. (5/11)
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: One of the problems analysing cause-effect relationships of growth and environmental factors is that a single factor could be correlated with other ones directly influencing growth. One attempt to understand tropical trees' growth cause-effect relationships is integrating research about anatomical, physiological and environmental factors that influence growth in order to develop mathematical models. The relevance is to understand the nature of the process of growth and to model this as a function of the environment. METHODS: The relationships of Aphananthe monoica, Pleuranthodendron lindenii and Psychotria costivenia radial growth and phenology with environmental factors (local climate, vertical strata microclimate and physical and chemical soil variables) were evaluated from April 2000 to September 2001. The association among these groups of variables was determined by generalized canonical correlation analysis (GCCA), which considers the probable associations of three or more data groups and the selection of the most important variables for each data group. KEY RESULTS: The GCCA allowed determination of a general model of relationships among tree phenology and radial growth with climate, microclimate and soil factors. A strong influence of climate in phenology and radial growth existed. Leaf initiation and cambial activity periods were associated with maximum temperature and day length, and vascular tissue differentiation with soil moisture and rainfall. The analyses of individual species detected different relationships for the three species. CONCLUSIONS: The analyses of the individual species suggest that each one takes advantage in a different way of the environment in which they are growing, allowing them to coexist. (+info)Storage in cerrado soil and germination of Psychotria vellosiana (Rubiaceae) seeds. (6/11)
The regeneration of plant communities from seed depends, to a large extent, on the capacity of the seed remaining viable in the soil. The viability and germination of artificially buried Psychotria vellosiana seeds in cerrado soil were studied, with the purpose of discovering some physio-ecological aspects of dispersed seeds and evaluating their potential to constitute a soil seed bank. Seed samples were placed in nylon envelopes and buried in the soil of a Cerrado reserve at two different depths and sites. Buried seeds were retrieved periodically and tested for germination along with dry-stored seeds. In general, there was a reduction in seed germination with storage time, both in soil and dry stored conditions, and in some assays exhumed seeds germinated faster than dry stored ones. In general the soil storage favoured seed viability of ungerminated seeds as compared to dry stored ones, with the seeds remaining partially viable after 10 months of storage. The lack of germination of viable seeds suggests that seeds showed true dormancy and/or required an extended time to germinate. It was observed that some seeds had germinated while buried and such in situ germination tended to increase with rainfall. The water availability in the soil might be a limiting factor for successful germination of P. vellosiana in the field, and the seeds may constitute a persistent soil seed bank in the cerrado as dispersed seeds remain viable in the soil until the following period of seed dispersal. (+info)Psychotria hoffmansegiana (Willd ex Roem. & Schult.) Mull. Arg. and Palicourea marcagravii st. Hil. (Rubiaceae): potential for forming soil seed banks in a brazilian Cerrado. (7/11)
The germinability of artificially buried Psychotria hoffmansegiana and Palicourea marcagravii seeds in Cerrado soil was tested, with the aim of evaluating whether dispersed seeds may be able to form a soil seed bank. The assays were carried out at a Cerrado Reserve in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Seed samples were placed in nylon bags and buried at two different depths and in two different sites. Samples were periodically exhumed and germination tests were performed with both exhumed and dry stored seeds. In general, soil storage favoured seed survival and germination when compared to dry stored seeds. The seed germination was little affected by soil depth and by burial environment. Seeds of both species remained viable for at least 13 months, considering the time lapse between the collection and the end of the germination tests. It was suggested that both species can potentially form a persistent soil seed bank in Cerrado. (+info)Spiders associated with Psychotria carthagenensis Jacquin. (Rubiaceae): vegetative branches versus inflorescences, and the influence of Crematogaster sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), in South-Pantanal, Brazil. (8/11)
(+info)"Psychotria" is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae. It includes over 1,000 species, many of which are found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Some species of Psychotria contain psychoactive compounds, such as Psychotria viridis and Psychotria carthagenensis, which are used in traditional Amazonian shamanic practices like ayahuasca. However, it is important to note that these plants can be dangerous if misused or taken without proper knowledge and guidance.
Therefore, the medical definition of "Psychotria" would refer to a genus of plants with various species, some of which have psychoactive properties and potential medicinal uses, but also carry risks and should only be used under expert supervision.
"Cephaelis" is a genus of plants in the family Rubiaceae, which includes several species that are native to tropical regions of the Americas. One well-known species in this genus is Cephaelis ipecacuanha, also known as ipecacuanha or ipecac. The roots and rhizomes of this plant contain alkaloids such as emetine and cephaeline, which have been used historically as an expectorant and emetic to induce vomiting in cases of poisoning. However, due to potential serious side effects, the use of ipecac syrup is no longer recommended for treating poisonings or encouraging vomiting.
It's important to note that medical professionals should be consulted for advice on treating medical conditions, and self-treatment with substances like ipecac can be dangerous.
Burkholderia is a genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that are widely distributed in the environment, including soil, water, and associated with plants. Some species of Burkholderia are opportunistic pathogens, meaning they can cause infection in individuals with weakened immune systems or underlying medical conditions.
One of the most well-known species of Burkholderia is B. cepacia, which can cause respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. Other notable species include B. pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially serious infection that primarily affects the respiratory system; and B. mallei, which causes glanders, a rare but severe disease that can affect humans and animals.
Burkholderia species are known for their resistance to many antibiotics, making them difficult to treat in some cases. Proper identification of the specific Burkholderia species involved in an infection is important for determining the most appropriate treatment approach.
In the context of medicine and biology, symbiosis is a type of close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms. Generally, one organism, called the symbiont, lives inside or on another organism, called the host. This interaction can be mutually beneficial (mutualistic), harmful to the host organism (parasitic), or have no effect on either organism (commensal).
Examples of mutualistic symbiotic relationships in humans include the bacteria that live in our gut and help us digest food, as well as the algae that live inside corals and provide them with nutrients. Parasitic symbioses, on the other hand, involve organisms like viruses or parasitic worms that live inside a host and cause harm to it.
It's worth noting that while the term "symbiosis" is often used in popular culture to refer to any close relationship between two organisms, in scientific contexts it has a more specific meaning related to long-term biological interactions.
Psychotria
Psychotria globicephala
Psychotria serpens
Psychotria bimbiensis
Psychotria samoritourei
Psychotria beddomei
Psychotria grandiflora
Psychotria moseskemei
Psychotria clarendonensis
Psychotria capensis
Psychotria sodiroi
Psychotria ligustrifolia
Psychotria raivavaensis
Psychotria petitii
Psychotria woytkowskii
Psychotria alsophila
Psychotria domatiata
Psychotria macrocarpa
Psychotria insularum
Psychotria tenuifolia
Psychotria atricaulis
Psychotria podocarpa
Psychotria hanoverensis
Psychotria colorata
Psychotria tahitensis
Psychotria abdita
Psychotria clusioides
Psychotria marchionica
Psychotria cuneifolia
Psychotria dolichantha
Psychotria - Wikipedia
Psychotria bahiensis DC.
Psychotria ambatovensis | International Plant Names Index
Psychotria miniata | International Plant Names Index
Psychotria - Ecuagenera
Psychotria poeppigiana
Psychotria hexandra var. hosakana (Rubiaceae) - HEAR species info
Flora of Zimbabwe: Individual record no: 73729: Psychotria pumila
The Genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in the Philippine Archipelago | NHBS Academic & Professional Books
Psychotria ebracteata Urb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
Psychotria calocarpa Kurz | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science
Psychotria forsteriana
HAIRY PSYCHOTRIA - Wallum Nurseries
Psychotria mutabilis C.M.Taylor
Ipecacuanha (psychotria) LM1, 1g Granuler
Psychotria species ? - eFlora of India
Chacruna | Psychotria viridis | Herbs of the Gods
Psychotria viridis Chacruna Leaves - Wholesale | Globalherbs B.V.
Flora of Zambia: Species information: Psychotria butayei var. glabra
Flora of Zambia: Species information: Records of: Psychotria spithamea
Flora of Malawi: Individual record no: 103153: Psychotria linearisepala
Psychotria viridis Classified Ads, Find Psychotria viridis - Sell & Buy Ads
10x Dried berries, Psychotria carthagenensis / alba, Amyruca Chacruna, organic seeds fruits
CHACRUNA POWDER FOR SALE (Psychotria Viridis): Explore The Healing Traditions Of The Amazon
Psychotria surensis - 5 images at 128.253.192.30 image, phylogeny, nomenclature for Psychotria surensis
Substituting psychotria with dmt crystal in ayahuasca - Ayahuasca - Welcome to the DMT-Nexus
Psychotria portoricensis - GardenShaman.eu - Your source for rare plants, seeds, cacti and much more!
Marie Selby Botanical Gardens in Sarasota, FL in the Public Gardens Photo Tours forum - Garden.org
PDF) A further new species of Isoglossa (Acanthaceae) from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania
Viridis14
- Many species, including Psychotria viridis, produce the psychedelic chemical dimethyltryptamine (DMT). (wikipedia.org)
- Chacruna, Psychotria viridis, contains a high concentration of DMT, and is commonly used for the Ayahuasca brews with shamanistic, visionary properties. (magic-mushrooms-shop.com)
- This Psychotria Viridis contains the tryptamine DMT, a hallucinogenic and hypnotic substance. (magic-mushrooms-shop.com)
- 50 gram of Chacruna, Psychotria Viridis, leaves. (magic-mushrooms-shop.com)
- Psychotria viridis (chacruna) leaves are often used in ayahuasca rituals. (globalherbs-wholesale.com)
- It is the active hallucinogenic compound in ayahuasca, the Quechua name for a tea brewed from the shrub Psychotria viridis, which is used for ritual purposes by the indigenous people in the Amazon. (sellbuyadz.com)
- Amyruca leaves are used as substitute for Psychotria viridis (Chacruna). (moneromarket.io)
- This finely ground powder is derived from the leaves of the Psychotria Viridis plant, also known as Chacruna. (mayantop.com)
- Chacruna is commonly referred to by its scientific name, Psychotria Viridis. (mayantop.com)
- I was wondering roughly how much dmt you are taking in your standard 50gram psychotria viridis + 50 gram b.caapi brew. (dmt-nexus.me)
- Chacruna "Double Alkaloid" (Psychotria viridis x spec. (gardenshaman.eu)
- Ayahuasca is often made from the plants Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis. (webmd.com)
- Chris Kilham harvests chakruna (Psychotria viridis) in the Peruvian Amazon. (medicinehunter.com)
- Ayahuasca is a psychoactive drink of Amazonian origin prepared from vine known as jagube and/or mariri (Banisteriopsis caapi) and chacrona bush (Psychotria viridis). (bvsalud.org)
Rubiaceae4
- Psychotria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. (wikipedia.org)
- The genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) is probably the world's largest predominately woody genus with perhaps around 2000 species. (nhbs.com)
- This name is reported by Rubiaceae as an accepted name in the genus Psychotria (family Rubiaceae ). (worldfloraonline.org)
- Identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf galls of Psychotria (Rubiaceae, angiosperms) and proposal of 'Candidatus Burkholderia kirkii' sp. (uibk.ac.at)
Species2
- Psychotria L. Plants of the World Online Accepted species Plants of the World Online Wikimedia Commons has media related to Psychotria. (wikipedia.org)
- Flora of Zambia: Species information: Psychotria butayei var. (zambiaflora.com)
Genus1
- The main part of the work consists of a classical taxonomic revision of the genus Psychotria in the Philippine Archipelago. (nhbs.com)
Plants1
- The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Psychotria hexandra , as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world. (hear.org)
Seeds1
- This is a listing for shade-dried Psychotria carthagenensis berries, each containing 2 seeds inside. (moneromarket.io)
Petit1
- Psychotria linearisepala E.M.A. Petit var. (malawiflora.com)
Acacia2
- For reasons that are not understood, you cannot simply substitute a dmt plant like Acacia or Psychotria with its equivalent in pure DMT. (dmt-nexus.me)
- What I said above is just information I got from reading other people's posts around here, since I cannot use Acacia or Psychotria, only mimosa hostilis. (dmt-nexus.me)
Alba1
- Psychotria carthagensis, sometimes erroneously dubbed as Psychotria alba, is commonly known as Amyruca. (moneromarket.io)
Leaf1
- From Calicut, Flowers are similar to that of Ixora, Fruits are red when ripened Leaf venation resembles Psychotria sp Close to Psychotria truncata Wall. (efloraofindia.com)
Https1
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychotria_loniceroides#:~:text=Psychotria%20loniceroides%2C%20the%20hairy%20psychotria,forest%20areas%20of%20eastern%20Australia.&text=Sieber%20ex%20DC.,of%20various%20types%20of%20rainforests. (wallumnurseries.com)
International Plant1
- Nomenclatural information about Psychotria hexandra is provided by The International Plant Names Index (IPNI) . (hear.org)
Banisteriopsis1
- The plants that were used in the rituals included Erythroxylum , Anadenanthera , Banisteriopsis and potentially other sources contributing DMT and psilocin (such as Psychotria leaves and hallucinogenic fungi). (otago.ac.nz)
Bremek1
- Psychotria menalohensis (Bremek. (ipni.org)
Ipecacuanha4
- Avaliação de diferentes sistemas de cultivo in vitro para a micropropagação de Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot. (uchile.cl)
- This work was carried out with Psychotria ipecacuanha, a Brazilian medicinal plant the roots of which contain emetine. (uchile.cl)
- Poaia [Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot. (uchile.cl)
- Chemische Beiträge zur Kenntniss der officinellen Wurzel von Psychotria Ipecacuanha Willd. (nih.gov)
Genera1
- A nomenclatural study of New Caledonia Psychotria s.l. is thus provided here, in order to enumerate valid, unvalid and illegitime names for the two genera Psychotria s.s. and Margaritopsis C.Wright (previously placed under Psychotria s.l. ). (bioone.org)
Taxonomic1
- The Integrated Taxonomic Information System ITIS provides authoritative taxonomic information on Psychotria hobdyi , as well as other plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world. (hear.org)
Nomenclatural2
Wikispecies1
- Wikispecies has information related to Psychotria. (wikipedia.org)
Leaf1
- In Vitro Potential of the Acetone Leaf Extract and Fractions of Psychotria capensis (Eckl. (nih.gov)
20191
- 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T32252A84419018.en Naala idi 12 Hunio 2019. (wikipedia.org)