A chronic inflammatory condition of the KIDNEY resulting in diffuse renal destruction, a grossly enlarged and nonfunctioning kidney associated with NEPHROLITHIASIS and KIDNEY STONES.
Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.
A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.
Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.
Distention of KIDNEY with the presence of PUS and suppurative destruction of the renal parenchyma. It is often associated with renal obstruction and can lead to total or nearly total loss of renal function.
Excision of kidney.
Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.
Inflammation of the connective and adipose tissues surrounding the KIDNEY.
Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).
Macrophages found in the TISSUES, as opposed to those found in the blood (MONOCYTES) or serous cavities (SEROUS MEMBRANE).
A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.
Discharge of URINE, liquid waste processed by the KIDNEY, from the body.
Chemical substances that are destructive to spermatozoa used as topically administered vaginal contraceptives.
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood. (1/34)

BACKGROUND: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a severe, atypical form of chronic renal parenchymal infection accounting for 6/1000 surgically proved cases of chronic pyelonephritis. Its manifestations mimic those of neoplastic and other inflammatory renal parenchymal diseases and, consequently, it is often misdiagnosed preoperatively. AIM: To examine the relation between clinical history and the results of renal investigations performed in children with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. METHOD: A retrospective review of 31 cases presenting with the histopathological diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis between 1963 and 1999. RESULTS: The mean follow up was 8.2 years. The male:female ratio was 1:1.1. The left kidney was affected in 26 of the 31 patients. The positive findings on examination and investigation at presentation were: fever, 16 children; pyuria, 26 children; positive urine culture, 16 children. A haemoglobin of < 100 g/l was measured in 27 of 31 patients and 15 of 18 patients tested had a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate of > 20 mm in the first hour. Twenty six children had renal calculi, with a large reduction in the function of the affected kidney on isotope scintigraphy in 27 of the 29 patients tested. Hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney, shown on imaging, was present in 17 of 31 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing awareness of this condition should lead to the diagnosis being suspected preoperatively.  (+info)

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as emphysematous pyelonephritis: a rare association. (2/34)

Xanthogranulomatous and emphysematous pyelonephritis are two rare variants of pyelonephritis. Their combined occurrence is a very rare condition, which has been documented in our case.  (+info)

Superior vena cava syndrome due to fibrosing mediastinitis histologically identical to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (3/34)

We present herein a case of superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome caused by localized fibrosing mediastinitis (FM), which had histological features similar to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). A 63-year-old woman presented with facial swelling 5 months after undergoing right nephrectomy for XGP. Radiologic investigations of the chest confirmed the presence of SVC obstruction due to an intraluminal tumor. The histological features of the tumor were consistent with those of FM and were very similar to those of XGP. Although the pathogenesis of neither FM nor XGP is known, some pathogenic process of FM and XGP may be the same.  (+info)

Ultrasonographic features of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (4/34)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the ultrasonographic features of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. METHODS: Ultrasonographic features of 15 patients with pathologically proved focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were retrospectively analyzed by 2 radiologists who reached a consensus, in terms of the location, margin, size, and echo texture of the mass, associated calculi, lymphadenopathy, or local extension, in comparison with computed tomographic and clinical findings. RESULTS: At ultrasonography, 12 (80%) of 15 masses were well circumscribed. The maximal sizes of the masses ranged from 2.5 to 5.8 (mean, 3.8) cm. Thirteen solid masses (87%) were hyperechoic (n = 7), hypoechoic (n = 4), or isoechoic (n = 4) to the renal cortex, and the preoperative diagnosis was either renal cell carcinoma (n = 11) or Wilms tumor (n = 2). The preoperative diagnosis of the other 2 cystic lesions (13%) was renal abscess. Renal calculi were found in 1 case, but lymphadenopathy or local extension was not depicted. Clinical inflammatory signs were found in 11 of 15 patients. CONCLUSIONS: There were no specific ultrasonographic features that allow for the distinction between focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and renal tumors or abscesses. Focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis should be considered when there are clinical signs of infection or inflammation and a focal solid mass is seen on ultrasonography.  (+info)

Xanthgranulomatous pyelonephritis associated with Staphylococcus aureus. (5/34)

A 44-year old man with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presented with abdominal distention, left lumber pain, fever, loss of appetite, and loss of weight. He had been known to have diabetes mellitus type II for 20 years, and he was diagnosed to have a left renal stone three months prior to this presentation. The patient's urine and the left psous abscess grew staphylococcus aureus.  (+info)

Preoperative diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (6/34)

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of differentiating xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) preoperatively from chronic pyelonephritis on the basis of demographic data, clinical parameters, and biochemical, microbiological, and radiological workups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2005, a total of 239 patients were diagnosed to have pyelonephritis at our center, of which, 56 underwent nephrectomy. Forty-five (80.4%) of the nephrectomy specimens showed diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis and 11 (19.6%) showed XGPN. RESULTS: Compared to chronic pyelonephritis, XGPN was more likely to occur in the middle-aged women (90.9%) with diabetes mellitus (63.6%). A positive history of UTI was more frequent in these patients, too. The disease was likely to present with flank pain and tenderness in 100.0% and 90.9% of the patients with XGPN, respectively. Anemia (81.8%), hematuria (81.8%), and bacteriuria (90.9%) were more frequent in these patients than in those with chronic pyelonephritis. The mean blood hemoglobin was 7.0 g/dL in the patients with XGPN. Proteus mirabilis was detected in 6 patients (54.5%) of the XGPN group and only 2 of the chronic pyelonephritis group (P < .001). Renomegaly and kidney calculus were more frequently noted in the patients with XGPN. Finally, XGPN led to a higher rate of postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Demographic data, comorbidities, predisposing factors, and biochemical as well as roentgenological features are significant but nonspecific indicators of preoperative diagnosis of XGPN.  (+info)

Ischemic colitis secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (7/34)

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Surgically discovered xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis invading inferior vena cava with coexisting renal cell carcinoma. (8/34)

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Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is a rare and severe form of chronic pyelonephritis, which is an infection and inflammation of the renal pelvis. In XPN, there is a proliferation of lipid-laden macrophages (also known as xanthoma cells) and other inflammatory cells in the kidney parenchyma, leading to the formation of multiple granulomas.

XPN typically affects middle-aged to older women with underlying urologic abnormalities such as obstructive uropathy, calculi (stones), or chronic urinary tract infections. The condition can be difficult to diagnose and often requires a combination of imaging studies, urinalysis, and histopathological examination of renal tissue.

The clinical presentation of XPN is variable and may include fever, flank pain, weight loss, and symptoms related to urinary tract obstruction or infection. Treatment usually involves antibiotic therapy, surgical removal of the affected kidney (nephrectomy), and management of any underlying urologic abnormalities. If left untreated, XPN can lead to irreversible kidney damage and even sepsis.

Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that involves the renal pelvis and the kidney parenchyma. It's typically caused by bacterial invasion, often via the ascending route from the lower urinary tract. The most common causative agent is Escherichia coli (E. coli), but other bacteria such as Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas can also be responsible.

Acute pyelonephritis can lead to symptoms like fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and frequent or painful urination. If left untreated, it can potentially cause permanent kidney damage, sepsis, or other complications. Chronic pyelonephritis, on the other hand, is usually associated with underlying structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, urinalysis, and imaging studies, while treatment often consists of antibiotics tailored to the identified pathogen and the patient's overall health status.

Xanthomatosis is a medical term that refers to the condition characterized by the presence of xanthomas, which are yellowish, fat-laden deposits that form under the skin or in other tissues. These deposits consist of lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides, and immune cells called macrophages, which have engulfed the lipids.

Xanthomas can occur in various parts of the body, including the eyelids, tendons, joints, and other areas with connective tissue. They may appear as small papules or larger nodules, and their size and number can vary depending on the severity of the underlying disorder.

Xanthomatosis is often associated with genetic disorders that affect lipid metabolism, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, or with acquired conditions that cause high levels of lipids in the blood, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and certain liver diseases. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying disorder and controlling lipid levels through dietary changes, medications, or a combination of both.

Cholecystitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver. Bile is a digestive fluid that helps break down fats in the small intestine during digestion.

Acute cholecystitis is a sudden inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by the presence of gallstones that block the cystic duct, the tube that carries bile from the gallbladder to the common bile duct. This blockage can cause bile to build up in the gallbladder, leading to inflammation, swelling, and pain.

Chronic cholecystitis is a long-term inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by repeated attacks of acute cholecystitis or the presence of gallstones that cause ongoing irritation and damage to the gallbladder wall. Over time, chronic cholecystitis can lead to thickening and scarring of the gallbladder wall, which can reduce its ability to function properly.

Symptoms of cholecystitis may include sudden and severe abdominal pain, often in the upper right or center of the abdomen, that may worsen after eating fatty foods; fever; nausea and vomiting; bloating and gas; and clay-colored stools. Treatment for cholecystitis typically involves antibiotics to treat any infection present, pain relief, and surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). In some cases, a nonsurgical procedure called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be used to remove gallstones from the bile duct.

A granuloma is a small, nodular inflammatory lesion that occurs in various tissues in response to chronic infection, foreign body reaction, or autoimmune conditions. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of epithelioid macrophages, which are specialized immune cells with enlarged nuclei and abundant cytoplasm, often arranged in a palisading pattern around a central area containing necrotic debris, microorganisms, or foreign material.

Granulomas can be found in various medical conditions such as tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, fungal infections, and certain autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease. The formation of granulomas is a complex process involving both innate and adaptive immune responses, which aim to contain and eliminate the offending agent while minimizing tissue damage.

Gallbladder neoplasms refer to abnormal growths in the tissue of the gallbladder, which can be benign or malignant. Benign neoplasms are non-cancerous and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant neoplasms, also known as gallbladder cancer, can invade nearby tissues and organs and may metastasize (spread) to distant parts of the body. Gallbladder neoplasms can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice, and nausea, but they are often asymptomatic until they have advanced to an advanced stage. The exact causes of gallbladder neoplasms are not fully understood, but risk factors include gallstones, chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, and certain inherited genetic conditions.

Pyonephrosis is a medical condition characterized by the presence of pus in the renal pelvis, which is the part of the kidney where urine collects before flowing into the ureter. This occurs as a result of a severe infection that has spread to the kidney and caused pus to accumulate within the renal pelvis. Pyonephrosis can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, kidney damage, or even kidney failure if left untreated. It is typically treated with antibiotics and may require surgical intervention to drain the pus and remove any infected tissue.

Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or part of a kidney is removed. It may be performed due to various reasons such as severe kidney damage, kidney cancer, or living donor transplantation. The type of nephrectomy depends on the reason for the surgery - a simple nephrectomy involves removing only the affected portion of the kidney, while a radical nephrectomy includes removal of the whole kidney along with its surrounding tissues like the adrenal gland and lymph nodes.

Gallbladder diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the function and structure of the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver. The primary role of the gallbladder is to store, concentrate, and release bile into the small intestine to aid in digesting fats. Gallbladder diseases can be chronic or acute and may cause various symptoms, discomfort, or complications if left untreated. Here are some common gallbladder diseases with brief definitions:

1. Cholelithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the gallbladder. Gallstones are small, hard deposits made of cholesterol, bilirubin, or a combination of both, which can vary in size from tiny grains to several centimeters.
2. Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the gallbladder, often caused by obstruction of the cystic duct (the tube connecting the gallbladder and the common bile duct) due to a gallstone. This condition can be acute or chronic and may cause abdominal pain, fever, and tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
3. Choledocholithiasis: The presence of gallstones within the common bile duct, which can lead to obstruction, jaundice, and potential infection of the biliary system (cholangitis).
4. Acalculous gallbladder disease: Gallbladder dysfunction or inflammation without the presence of gallstones. This condition is often seen in critically ill patients and can lead to similar symptoms as cholecystitis.
5. Gallbladder polyps: Small growths attached to the inner wall of the gallbladder. While most polyps are benign, some may have malignant potential, especially if they are larger than 1 cm in size or associated with certain risk factors.
6. Gallbladder cancer: A rare form of cancer that originates in the gallbladder tissue. It is often asymptomatic in its early stages and can be challenging to diagnose. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, jaundice, or a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional if experiencing symptoms related to gallbladder disease for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Perinephritis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the kidney. It is a relatively rare condition that can result from various causes, including bacterial infections, fungal infections, or chemical irritants. In some cases, perinephritis may also occur as a complication of kidney surgery or trauma to the kidney.

The symptoms of perinephritis can vary depending on the severity and cause of the inflammation. They may include fever, abdominal or back pain, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty urinating. In severe cases, perinephritis can lead to serious complications such as sepsis, kidney failure, or even death if left untreated.

Diagnosis of perinephritis typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, laboratory tests, and imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI. Treatment usually involves antibiotics to treat any underlying infection, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to drain any accumulated pus or fluid in the perinephric area.

Non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (NLCH) is a group of rare disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes, which are immune cells that normally function to help fight infection. Unlike Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), where the histiocytes involved are positive for the marker CD1a and the protein S-100, in NLCH, the histiocytes involved do not express these markers.

NLCH includes several distinct clinicopathological entities, such as juvenile xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester disease, and Rosai-Dorfman disease. These conditions can affect various organs of the body, including the skin, bones, lungs, central nervous system, and others. The clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment options vary depending on the specific type of NLCH and the extent of organ involvement.

It is important to note that while some cases of NLCH may be self-limited or respond well to treatment, others can be aggressive and potentially life-threatening. Therefore, prompt and accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Histiocytes are a type of immune cell that are part of the mononuclear phagocyte system. They originate from monocytes, which are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Histiocytes play an important role in the immune system by engulfing and destroying foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses, as well as removing dead cells and other debris from the body. They can be found in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.

Histiocytes include several different types of cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells. These cells have different functions but all play a role in the immune response. For example, macrophages are involved in inflammation and tissue repair, while dendritic cells are important for presenting antigens to T cells and initiating an immune response.

Abnormal accumulations or dysfunction of histiocytes can lead to various diseases, such as histiocytosis, which is a group of disorders characterized by the abnormal proliferation and accumulation of histiocytes in various tissues.

Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare, progressive histiocytic disorder, characterized by the accumulation of immune cells called histiocytes in various parts of the body. These histiocytes are derived from myeloid precursors and infiltrate different organs and tissues, leading to inflammation, fibrosis, and subsequent damage.

The clinical presentation of ECD is heterogeneous, with symptoms depending on the affected organs. Commonly involved sites include bones (particularly long bones), central nervous system, heart, lungs, skin, and kidneys. Symptoms may range from bone pain, fatigue, and weight loss to neurological manifestations, cardiac dysfunction, respiratory distress, and renal impairment.

Diagnosis of ECD typically involves a combination of imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, or PET scans), biopsy with histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical analysis to confirm the presence of characteristic histiocytic infiltrates. Genetic testing may also be performed to identify potential genetic mutations associated with ECD.

Treatment options for ECD depend on the extent and severity of organ involvement. Current therapeutic approaches include:

1. Targeted therapy with kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib or vemurafenib, which have shown efficacy in reducing histiocytic infiltration and improving symptoms.
2. Chemotherapy using agents like cladribine or cyclophosphamide, which can help control the disease's progression.
3. Immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids or interferon-alpha to manage inflammation and immune response.
4. Radiation therapy for localized bone lesions or symptomatic relief.
5. Supportive care to address specific organ dysfunction, such as heart failure management or respiratory support.

Due to the rarity of ECD, treatment decisions are often made in consultation with multidisciplinary teams experienced in managing histiocytic disorders. Clinical trials evaluating novel therapeutic strategies are also essential for advancing our understanding and improving outcomes for patients with ECD.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine, immediately following the stomach. It is a C-shaped structure that is about 10-12 inches long and is responsible for continuing the digestion process that begins in the stomach. The duodenum receives partially digested food from the stomach through the pyloric valve and mixes it with digestive enzymes and bile produced by the pancreas and liver, respectively. These enzymes help break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into smaller molecules, allowing for efficient absorption in the remaining sections of the small intestine.

A kidney, in medical terms, is one of two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back region of the body. They are essential for maintaining homeostasis within the body by performing several crucial functions such as:

1. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance: Kidneys help regulate the amount of water and various electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium in the bloodstream to maintain a stable internal environment.

2. Excretion of waste products: They filter waste products from the blood, including urea (a byproduct of protein metabolism), creatinine (a breakdown product of muscle tissue), and other harmful substances that result from normal cellular functions or external sources like medications and toxins.

3. Endocrine function: Kidneys produce several hormones with important roles in the body, such as erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production), renin (regulates blood pressure), and calcitriol (activated form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium homeostasis).

4. pH balance regulation: Kidneys maintain the proper acid-base balance in the body by excreting either hydrogen ions or bicarbonate ions, depending on whether the blood is too acidic or too alkaline.

5. Blood pressure control: The kidneys play a significant role in regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which constricts blood vessels and promotes sodium and water retention to increase blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.

Anatomically, each kidney is approximately 10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, and 3 cm thick, with a weight of about 120-170 grams. They are surrounded by a protective layer of fat and connected to the urinary system through the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections refer to illnesses caused by the bacterium E. coli, which can cause a range of symptoms depending on the specific strain and site of infection. The majority of E. coli strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. However, some strains, particularly those that produce Shiga toxins, can cause severe illness.

E. coli infections can occur through various routes, including contaminated food or water, person-to-person contact, or direct contact with animals or their environments. Common symptoms of E. coli infections include diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur, which may lead to kidney failure and other long-term health problems.

Preventing E. coli infections involves practicing good hygiene, cooking meats thoroughly, avoiding cross-contamination of food during preparation, washing fruits and vegetables before eating, and avoiding unpasteurized dairy products and juices. Prompt medical attention is necessary if symptoms of an E. coli infection are suspected to prevent potential complications.

Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging procedures. The compound is made up of the radioisotope Technetium-99m, which emits gamma rays that can be detected by a gamma camera, and dimercaptosuccinic acid, which binds to certain types of metal ions in the body.

In medical imaging, Technetium Tc 99m DMSA is typically used to visualize the kidneys and detect any abnormalities such as inflammation, infection, or tumors. The compound is taken up by the renal tubules in the kidneys, allowing for detailed images of the kidney structure and function to be obtained.

It's important to note that the use of Technetium Tc 99m DMSA should be under the supervision of a trained medical professional, as with any radiopharmaceutical agent, due to the radiation exposure involved in its use.

Cystitis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection. The infection can occur when bacteria from the digestive tract or skin enter the urinary tract through the urethra and travel up to the bladder. This condition is more common in women than men due to their shorter urethras, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.

Symptoms of cystitis may include a strong, frequent, or urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discomfort in the lower abdomen or back. In some cases, there may be blood in the urine, fever, chills, or nausea and vomiting.

Cystitis can usually be treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Drinking plenty of water to flush out the bacteria and alleviating symptoms with over-the-counter pain medications may also help. Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, wiping from front to back after using the toilet, urinating after sexual activity, and avoiding using douches or perfumes in the genital area.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are defined as the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, typically bacteria, in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, resulting in infection and inflammation. The majority of UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, but other organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus can also cause UTIs.

UTIs can be classified into two types based on the location of the infection:

1. Lower UTI or bladder infection (cystitis): This type of UTI affects the bladder and urethra. Symptoms may include a frequent and urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discomfort in the lower abdomen or back.

2. Upper UTI or kidney infection (pyelonephritis): This type of UTI affects the kidneys and can be more severe than a bladder infection. Symptoms may include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the flanks or back.

UTIs are more common in women than men due to their shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. Other risk factors for UTIs include sexual activity, use of diaphragms or spermicides, urinary catheterization, diabetes, and weakened immune systems.

UTIs are typically diagnosed through a urinalysis and urine culture to identify the causative organism and determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be necessary to evaluate for any underlying abnormalities in the urinary tract.

Urination, also known as micturition, is the physiological process of excreting urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra. It is a complex process that involves several systems in the body, including the urinary system, nervous system, and muscular system.

In medical terms, urination is defined as the voluntary or involuntary discharge of urine from the urethra, which is the final pathway for the elimination of waste products from the body. The process is regulated by a complex interplay between the detrusor muscle of the bladder, the internal and external sphincters of the urethra, and the nervous system.

During urination, the detrusor muscle contracts, causing the bladder to empty, while the sphincters relax to allow the urine to flow through the urethra and out of the body. The nervous system plays a crucial role in coordinating these actions, with sensory receptors in the bladder sending signals to the brain when it is time to urinate.

Urination is essential for maintaining the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body, as well as eliminating waste products such as urea, creatinine, and other metabolic byproducts. Abnormalities in urination can indicate underlying medical conditions, such as urinary tract infections, bladder dysfunction, or neurological disorders.

Spermatocidal agents are substances or chemicals that have the ability to destroy or inhibit sperm cells, making them non-functional. These agents are often used in spermicides, which are a type of contraceptive method. Spermicides work by physically blocking the cervix and killing any sperm that come into contact with the spermicidal agent. Common spermatocidal agents include Nonoxynol-9, Benzalkonium chloride, and Chlorhexidine gluconate. It's important to note that while spermicides can provide some protection against pregnancy, they are not considered a highly effective form of birth control when used alone.

An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Urination disorders, also known as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), refer to a range of clinical conditions that affect the bladder and urethra, resulting in abnormalities in the storage, transportation, and evacuation of urine. These disorders can be categorized into voiding symptoms, such as hesitancy, straining, slow stream, intermittency, and terminal dribble; and storage symptoms, including frequency, urgency, nocturia, and urge incontinence.

The causes of urination disorders are diverse, encompassing congenital abnormalities, neurological conditions, infections, inflammation, medications, and age-related changes. Common underlying pathologies include bladder overactivity, detrusor muscle instability, underactive bladder, and obstruction of the urethra.

Urination disorders can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, causing physical discomfort, sleep disturbances, emotional distress, and social isolation. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate management require a comprehensive assessment of the patient's medical history, physical examination, urinalysis, and urodynamic studies. Treatment options may include behavioral modifications, pelvic floor exercises, bladder training, medications, neuromodulation, and surgical interventions.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by granulomatous abscess ... Treatment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis involves antibiotics as well as surgery. Removal of the kidney is the best ... Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most common in middle-aged women. It can present somewhat differently in children, in ... CT scan or kidney ultrasonography is useful in the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; serial imaging may be ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis. It results in severe destruction of the kidney ... There are three main classifications of pyelonephritis: acute, chronic and xanthogranulomatous. In acute pyelonephritis, the ... For patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, treatment might include antibiotics as well as surgery. Nephrectomy is ... Patients infected with Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis experience recurrent fevers, anemia, kidney stones and loss of ...
Bear's Paw sign: A Classic Presentation of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. Urology. July 2015 14. Wei Phin Tan, Philip ...
Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis Goodman M, Curry T, Russell T (March 1979). "Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP): a ... The xanthogranulomatous type of inflammation is most-commonly seen in pyelonephritis and cholecystitis, although it has more ... Proteus and Escherichia coli are the most commonly involved bacteria in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The foam cells of ... Cozzutto C, Carbone A (August 1988). "The xanthogranulomatous process. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation". Pathol. Res. Pract. ...
... pyelonephritis MeSH C12.777.419.744.717.810 - pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous MeSH C12.777.419.775 - renal artery ... pyelonephritis MeSH C12.777.419.570.643.790.810 - pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous MeSH C12.777.419.590 - nephrocalcinosis ...
Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings of 21 cases of pathologically proven xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP ... US and CT findings of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis Clin Imaging. 2001 Mar-Apr;25(2):118-21. doi: 10.1016/s0899-7071(01) ... Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings of 21 cases of pathologically proven xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP ... Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous / diagnostic imaging* * Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous / pathology * Pyelonephritis, ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), which presents a variety of imaging challenges, develops via an unusual suppurative, ... encoded search term (Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Imaging) and Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Imaging What to Read ... Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Imaging Updated: Feb 15, 2019 * Author: Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, FRCS, FRCP, FRCR; Chief Editor ... Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995 Oct. 165(4):1008. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [Full Text]. ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), first described by Schlagenhaufer in 1916, is a rare, serious, chronic inflammatory ... encoded search term (Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis) and Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a renal allograft associated with xanthogranulomatous diverticulitis: report of the first ... Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Medication. Updated: Nov 09, 2014 * Author: Samuel G Deem, DO; Chief Editor: Bradley Fields ...
Xanthogranulomatous" by people in this website by year, and whether "Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous" was a major or minor ... Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous [C12.777.419.570.821.717.810]. *Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications [C13 ... "Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ... Duodenal diverticulum causing xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with multiorgan involvement: first case report. Digestion. ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by granulomatous abscess ... Treatment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis involves antibiotics as well as surgery. Removal of the kidney is the best ... Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is most common in middle-aged women. It can present somewhat differently in children, in ... CT scan or kidney ultrasonography is useful in the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; serial imaging may be ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon chronic granulomatous infection of renal parenchyma. XGP is often ... and Their Implications for Perioperative Outcomes in Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Perspectives from a Real-World ...
Rare coexistence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the same kidney: report of ... Rare coexistence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the same kidney: report of ... However, coexistence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is exceedingly rare with ... Rare coexistence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the same kidney: report of ...
CALZADO HERNANDEZ, Georgina Amalia; COBAS LANDEAU, Carlos and PANTOJA BLANCO, Manuel. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in an ... Keywords : adolescent; pyodermitis; renal tumor; nephrectomy; xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; secondary health care. · ... The pathological findings confirmed the presence of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.. ...
Falahatkar S, Nikpour S, Akbarpour M. New method in laparoscopic surgery of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Pak J Med Sci. ... Laparoscopic versus open radical nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Contemporary outcomes analysis. J Endourol ... open or laparoscopic nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) remains the most difficult of all treatments. In ... One patient with organ damage had pyelonephritis that needed adrenalectomy. One patient had injury to the capsule of the spleen ...
Rachidi SA, Zeriouel A (2018). "[Renal tumor or pseudotumoral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]". Pan Afr Med J (in French). ...
... consistent with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. *. 4. Cellular changes associated with chemotherapeutic agents or radiation ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Question 3. What does the DMSA (dimercaptosuccinic acid) scan show? … ...
Kidney infection (acute pyelonephritis). *Kidney infection (UTI in women). *Kidney stones. L. *Le chancre mou ...
... xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and infective granulomatous conditions of the kidney. The importance of adequate tissue ...
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis,Infection,Kidney Infections,Pyelonephritis,Upper Urinary Tract Infection,Xanthogranulomatous ... DrugsKidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) drugsDrugsKidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) drugs. InformationAdditional information ... ABN,Acute Bacterial Nephritis,Acute Pyelonephritis,Chronic Pyelonephritis,Complicated Urinary Tract Infection,Emphysematous ... A kidney infection is also known as pyelonephritis or an upper urinary tract infection (UTI). With this, germs get into your ...
Chronic Pyelonephritis - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... In xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, urine cultures almost always grow P. mirabilis or E. coli. CT imaging is done to detect ... Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is an unusual variant that appears to represent an abnormal inflammatory response to ... For xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, an initial course of antibiotics should be given to control local infection, followed ...
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Leave a Comment Cancel Reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are ...
In addition, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis must be distinguished from renal malakoplakia based on the presence of ... Renal biopsy in pyelonephritis often shows polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the tubules but may show focal glomerulosclerosis ...
Learn and reinforce your understanding of Chronic pyelonephritis. ... Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Clinical Experience with 41 ... Chronic pyelonephritis Videos, Flashcards, High Yield Notes, & Practice Questions. ... The most common risk factor for recurrent acute pyelonephritis and therefore chronic pyelonephritis, is vesicoureteral reflux, ... With chronic pyelonephritis, pyelo- means pelvis, and -neph- refers to the kidney, so in this case its the renal pelvis, which ...
NECROTIZING FASCIITIS OF THE RIGHT FLANK MIMICKING A XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS Donny Austine Wibisono, Doddy M. ...
Malakoplakia and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis treated with nephrectomy: A case report. Pan, Y., Hong, Y. C., Shih, H. J. ...
Acute Pyelonephritis. Chronic Pyelonephritis. Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. Renal Abscess. ...
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. *renal abscess. *perinephric abscess. *fistula to pleura, colon and duodenum ...
D. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis E. Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung Next. Answer choices. Correct diagnosis. Your ...
... and Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis.. Submitted by Michelle Lifto on Mar 1, 2018 ... Emphysematous pyelonephritis: the impact of urolithiasis on disease severity.. Submitted by Michelle Lifto on Oct 1, 2016 ... Sensitivity of 99mtechnetium-dimercaptosuccinic acid for the diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis: clinical and theoretical ...
Prescription antibiotic Treatment Just before Laparoscopic Nephrectomy pertaining to Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis ... Prescription antibiotic Treatment Just before Laparoscopic Nephrectomy pertaining to Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis ... Prescription antibiotic Treatment Just before Laparoscopic Nephrectomy pertaining to Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis ...
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Imaging. Head and Neck. *Acquired Temporal-Bone Cholesteatoma Imaging. *Branchial Cleft Cyst ...
For the assessment of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis * For the assessment of cystic kidney disease ...
pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and eosinophilic cystitis. Acute BACTRIAL INFECTION pyelonephritis which ... ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS resolve with time or worsen to abscess formation Acute pyelonephritis is usually diagnosed based depending ... described for acute pyelonephritis shows discrete pyelonephritis or abscess and the typical mass like rays of alternating hypo ... emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous inflammatory diseases. cystitis. The chronic renal infections that we The study ...
  • Acute infections include acute pyelonephritis, The study aim to highlight the value of renal and perirenal abscesses, pyonephrosis, multidetecter C.T imaging in assessment of renal emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous inflammatory diseases. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • On evaluation, patient was diagnosed with multiple left renal calculi and emphysematous pyelonephritis with non-functioning kidney. (springeropen.com)
  • Sometimes, it can mimic emphysematous pyelonephritis because of fistulous communication with gut. (springeropen.com)
  • Furthermore, the number of studies and case reports reporting tumors in specimens from patients undergoing nephrectomy for emphysematous pyelonephritis is limited. (springeropen.com)
  • CT urography was done which revealed multiple left renal calculi and emphysematous pyelonephritis with distortion of renal architecture without demonstrable contrast excretion (Fig. 1 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis: in patients with diabetes mellitus the risk of acute pyelonephritis developing into EPN as a complication of acute pyelonephritis remains high. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • There is a wealth of knowledge on CT appearances of various rare renal disease conditions such as papillary necrosis [19] or emphysematous pyelonephritis [20] and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (phosphorylaseinhibitors.com)
  • Radical nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) would be considered a clean-contaminated case and would require prophylaxis. (medscape.com)
  • Nephrectomy is also performed to treat malignant or benign tumors of the kidney, renovascular hypertention due to uncorrectable renal artery disease, or severe unilateral parenchymal damage from nephrosclerosis, pyelonephritis, reflux, or congenital dysplasia. (urotoday.com)
  • Striated nephrogram which is an appearance of gas in the renal area in emphysematous described for acute pyelonephritis shows discrete pyelonephritis or abscess and the typical mass like rays of alternating hypo attenuation and hyper calcification in end stage renal tuberculosis (Putty attenuation radiating from the papilla to the cortex kidney). (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Differential diagnoses in radiologic studies include local abscess, granuloma, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, lymphoma and multifocal primary or metastatic tumors [8]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Renal malignancies associated with inflammatory diseases, such as renal abscess and pyelonephritis, can lead to a delay in the detection of the disease. (springeropen.com)
  • Renal abscess: Formation of puss pockets in the kidney tissue as a complication of acute pyelonephritis remains a possibility too. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), which presents a variety of imaging challenges, develops via an unusual suppurative, granulomatous reaction to chronic infection, often in the presence of chronic obstruction from a calculus, stricture, or tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chronic pyelonephritis causes persistent flank or abdominal pain, signs of infection (fever, unintentional weight loss, malaise, decreased appetite), lower urinary tract symptoms and blood in the urine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an uncommon chronic granulomatous infection of renal parenchyma. (bvsalud.org)
  • A kidney infection is also known as pyelonephritis or an upper urinary tract infection (UTI). (aarppharmacy.com)
  • Chronic pyelonephritis is continuing pyogenic infection of the kidney that occurs almost exclusively in patients with major anatomic abnormalities. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is an unusual variant that appears to represent an abnormal inflammatory response to infection. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This inflammation is usually caused by bacterial infection of the kidney, which is called acute pyelonephritis . (osmosis.org)
  • So acute and chronic pyelonephritis are types of upper urinary tract infection . (osmosis.org)
  • Tubulointerstitial nephritis is commonly caused by bacterial infection, and in these cases the renal pelvis is usually prominently involved, therefore the more descriptive term pyelonephritis is used. (greek.doctor)
  • In general, pyelonephritis is a condition of infection in the kidneys. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • As inflammation is a symptom of infection, pyelonephritis is actually a type of upper urinary tract infection. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • Acute pyelonephritis is most often caused by ascending infection of the urinary tract. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • The less common reason that causes acute pyelonephritis is hematogenous infection. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • These two cases emphasise the important differential diagnoses: metastatic secondary carcinomas, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and infective granulomatous conditions of the kidney. (bmj.com)
  • With chronic pyelonephritis , pyelo- means pelvis , and -neph- refers to the kidney, so in this case it's the renal pelvis, which is the funnel-like structure of the kidney that drains urine into the ureter , and -itis means inflammation. (osmosis.org)
  • When somebody has recurrent episodes of acute pyelonephritis , the kidney becomes visibly scarred, at which point it's referred to as chronic pyelonephritis . (osmosis.org)
  • As 'itis' refers to inflammation, pyelonephritis means inflammation of a segment of the kidney. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • In acute pyelonephritis, the kidney inflamed is developed relatively quickly and the pathogen contributing to this inflammation is usually bacteria. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • Acute pyelonephritis affects just one kidney in most cases. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: It is a rare complication of acute pyelonephritis in which the kidney parenchyma is degenerated by the process of granulomatous. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • A fistulogram and computer tomography examination revealed a large staghorn calculus with signs of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in the left kidney and renal fistulisation to the psoas muscle, skin and bronchi. (scielo.org)
  • Chronic pyelonephritis can in addition cause fever of unknown origin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain people, though, are predisposed to having recurring bouts of acute pyelonephritis , which eventually leads to chronic pyelonephritis and permanent scarring of the renal tissue. (osmosis.org)
  • The most common risk factor for recurrent acute pyelonephritis and therefore chronic pyelonephritis , is vesicoureteral reflux , or VUR, which is where urine is allowed to move backward up the urinary tract , which can happen if the vesicoureteral orifice fails. (osmosis.org)
  • Introduction Malakoplakia can be an uncommon chronic inflammatory condition that has a gross and microscopic appearance resembling that of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Now, an episode of acute pyelonephritis often clears up without much complication. (osmosis.org)
  • This is the reason that people with acute pyelonephritis often have white blood cells in their urine. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • Pyelonephritis may manifest as wedge shaped zones tuberculosis, papillary necrosis and to evaluate of decreased attenuation or a hypodense mass in its congenital anomalies. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • A diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis was confirmed at surgery. (medscape.com)
  • Specifically, the presence of nitrite and white blood cells on a urine test strip in patients with typical symptoms are sufficient for the diagnosis of pyelonephritis, and are an indication for empirical treatment. (wikipedia.org)
  • We'll see what this condition is, what causes it, some of the pathophysiology behind the reason it occurs, symptoms and diagnosis of pyelonephritis, and lastly its treatment. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • When the clinical diagnosis is established for pyelonephritis, then the laboratory diagnosis of pyelonephritis is done to evaluate the severity of the condition. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • After the evaluation of pyelonephritis in a patient through diagnosis, the treatment option suitable for them is decided to implement. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • The microscopic differential diagnoses are Whipples lipodystrophy, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, megalocytic interstitial nephritis and granular cell tumor [1]. (buyresearchchemicalss.net)
  • Most cases of pyelonephritis start off as lower urinary tract infections, mainly cystitis and prostatitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These biofilm-producing E. coli are resistant to antibiotic therapy and immune system responses, and present a possible explanation for recurrent urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Introduction to Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be divided into upper tract infections, which involve the kidneys ( pyelonephritis), and lower tract infections, which involve the bladder ( cystitis), urethra. (msdmanuals.com)
  • pyelonephritis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and eosinophilic cystitis. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Most cases of community-acquired pyelonephritis are due to bowel organisms that enter the urinary tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • In xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, a unilateral mass can usually be palpated. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Clinical Presentation, Microbiological Characteristics, and Their Implications for Perioperative Outcomes in Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Perspectives from a Real-World Multicenter Practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Poor enhancement severity of acute pyelonephritis and its of renal parenchyma, absent excretion of contrast complications. (egyptianjournal.xyz)
  • Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Synchronous Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed. (medstarauthors.org)
  • This is the reason that the factors causing upper UTI (pyelonephritis) are the same as the factors causing lower UTI. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • Renal biopsy in pyelonephritis often shows polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the tubules but may show focal glomerulosclerosis in advanced reflux nephropathy. (medscape.com)
  • The post operative histological evaluation revealed unsuspected squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis with concomitant xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (shengsci.com)
  • Signs and symptoms of acute pyelonephritis generally develop rapidly over a few hours or a day. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. (wikipedia.org)
  • In EPN, the spread of inflammation is much more rapid and is more fatal than acute pyelonephritis. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings of 21 cases of pathologically proven xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) in 20 patients were retrospectively evaluated. (nih.gov)
  • The pathological findings confirmed the presence of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. (sld.cu)
  • Is the laparoscopic approach justified in patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis? (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous" by people in this website by year, and whether "Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Rehydration: This is the universal part of the treatment for every pyelonephritis patient. (bestnephroahmedabad.com)
  • In addition, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis must be distinguished from renal malakoplakia based on the presence of inclusions called Michaelis-Gutmann bodies in the latter. (medscape.com)
  • Duodenal diverticulum causing xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with multiorgan involvement: first case report. (uchicago.edu)
  • However, coexistence of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is exceedingly rare with only one case on record so far. (shengsci.com)