Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.
A chronic inflammatory condition of the KIDNEY resulting in diffuse renal destruction, a grossly enlarged and nonfunctioning kidney associated with NEPHROLITHIASIS and KIDNEY STONES.
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in the diagnostic imaging of the renal cortex.
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.
Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.
The presence of bacteria in the urine which is normally bacteria-free. These bacteria are from the URINARY TRACT and are not contaminants of the surrounding tissues. Bacteriuria can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Significant bacteriuria is an indicator of urinary tract infection.
A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.
A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.
Infections with bacteria of the genus PROTEUS.
Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed.
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.
Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.
The flattened, funnel-shaped expansion connecting the URETER to the KIDNEY CALICES.
Thin, filamentous protein structures, including proteinaceous capsular antigens (fimbrial antigens), that mediate adhesion of E. coli to surfaces and play a role in pathogenesis. They have a high affinity for various epithelial cells.
Thin, hairlike appendages, 1 to 20 microns in length and often occurring in large numbers, present on the cells of gram-negative bacteria, particularly Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria. Unlike flagella, they do not possess motility, but being protein (pilin) in nature, they possess antigenic and hemagglutinating properties. They are of medical importance because some fimbriae mediate the attachment of bacteria to cells via adhesins (ADHESINS, BACTERIAL). Bacterial fimbriae refer to common pili, to be distinguished from the preferred use of "pili", which is confined to sex pili (PILI, SEX).
A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is frequently isolated from clinical specimens. Its most common site of infection is the urinary tract.
Radiography of any part of the urinary tract.
Substances capable of killing agents causing urinary tract infections or of preventing them from spreading.
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and the URINARY BLADDER.
The duct which coveys URINE from the pelvis of the KIDNEY through the URETERS, BLADDER, and URETHRA.
Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

Urinary tract infections in adults. (1/594)

Urinary tract infections remain a significant cause of morbidity in all age groups. Recent studies have helped to better define the population groups at risk for these infections, as well as the most cost-effective management strategies. Initially, a urinary tract infection should be categorized as complicated or uncomplicated. Further categorization of the infection by clinical syndrome and by host (i.e., acute cystitis in young women, acute pyelonephritis, catheter-related infection, infection in men, asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly) helps the physician determine the appropriate diagnostic and management strategies. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by a predictable group of susceptible organisms. These infections can be empirically treated without the need for urine cultures. The most effective therapy for an uncomplicated infection is a three-day course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Complicated infections are diagnosed by quantitative urine cultures and require a more prolonged course of therapy. Asymptomatic bacteriuria rarely requires treatment and is not associated with increased morbidity in elderly patients.  (+info)

Local production of inflammatory mediators in an experimental model of acute obstructive pyelonephritis. (2/594)

To investigate bacterial growth and inflammatory mediator release in the early stage of the immune response, a unilateral acute ascending pyelonephritis was induced in rats by intrabladder inoculation of Escherichia coli. The infected left kidney showed a significant bacterial proliferation, local production of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 as detected by immunocytochemistry, and extensive destruction of renal parenchyma associated with impressive leukocyte recruitment. Inducible and constitutive nitric oxide synthases (NOS) were locally expressed, and a time-dependent increase in urinary secretion of nitric oxide (NO) was seen that could be blocked by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. However, there was a discrepancy between the NO profile in the kidney and urine. The results demonstrate that in the early stage of acute pyelonephritis kidney tubules participate actively in the local host response by producing important inflammatory mediators and that urinary NO levels are not suitable for predicting renal NOS activity.  (+info)

Quantitative 99mTc-DMSA uptake in experimental pyelonephritis. (3/594)

Quantitative 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) renal uptake was studied in unilateral reflux-related pyelonephritis in pigs. The changes to absolute % dose uptake and differential uptake occurring with induction and after treatment of pyelonephritis were correlated with the DMSA images and renal pathology. METHODS: Quantitative uptake in 53 young pigs was obtained from planar images acquired 6 h after injecting the dose. Baseline studies were made (Q1), and studies were made again after urinary infection was established (Q2), when 8 pigs had normal (no defect) renal images (group A), 23 had photon-deficient (reversible) focal defects (group B) and 22 had photon absent (irreversible) focal defects (group C). Q3 studies were made in 21 animals from groups B and C after 3-wk antimicrobial treatment. RESULTS: At Q2 the affected kidney differential uptake was unchanged for group A and reduced for groups B and C (respective mean changes -1.7%, P < 0.01; and -5.5%, P < 0.01). The absolute % dose uptake was unchanged in pyelonephritic kidneys, but increased in the contralateral nondiseased kidneys in groups B and C (respective mean increases +1.4%, P < 0.05; and +5.4%, P < 0.01), while remaining unchanged for group A. In group C, global renal accumulation was actually increased above the Q1 values. After treatment (Q3) the reduced pyelonephritic kidney differential uptake persisted in groups B and C. In group C, however, the increased absolute % dose uptake by the contralateral kidney was less marked and not significantly different from Q1 values in this small group. CONCLUSION: Induction of unilateral pyelonephritis produced a small reduction in diseased kidney differential uptake that was greatest in the group with irreversible imaging defects. The method did not discriminate individuals with reversible and irreversible imaging defects. The decrease in pyelonephritic kidney differential uptake resulted from increased DMSA accumulation (absolute % dose uptake) by the nondiseased contralateral kidney, while that in pyelonephritic kidneys remained unchanged. After treatment, the reduced pyelonephritic kidney differential uptake persisted, but the elevated global DMSA accumulation seen for group C (with irreversible imaging defects) was not sustained and was variable.  (+info)

Effectiveness and toxicity of gentamicin in an experimental model of pyelonephritis: effect of the time of administration. (4/594)

Temporal variations in the renal toxicity of aminoglycosides have been reported for experimental animals as well as for humans. In fact, maximal renal toxicity of aminoglycosides was observed when the drug was given during the rest period, while a lower toxicity was observed when the drug was injected during the activity period. The aim of the present study was to evaluate temporal variations in the effectiveness and renal toxicity of gentamicin in an experimental model of pyelonephritis in rats. The experiments were carried out with female Sprague-Dawley rats (185 to 250 g). They had free access to food and water throughout the study and were maintained on a 14-h light-10-h dark cycle. Animals were divided into four groups corresponding to the respective time of induction of pyelonephritis and treatment: 0700, 1300, 1900, and 0100 h. Pyelonephritis was induced by a direct inoculation of Escherichia coli (10(7) to 10(8) CFU) in the left kidney. Animals were treated for 3 and 7 days with a single daily dose of gentamicin (20 and 40 mg/kg of body weight, respectively) or saline (NaCl, 0.9%) at either 0700, 1300, 1900, or 0100 h. Animals treated at 0100 h for 3 days with gentamicin (20 mg/kg) showed a significantly lower number of bacteria in their kidneys than did all other groups (P < 0.01). After 7 days of treatment, the efficacy, evaluated by the log CFU per gram of tissue and by the percentage of sterilized kidneys, was also higher when gentamicin was administered at 0100 h. The beta-galactosidase and the N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activities were significantly higher in urine of rats given gentamicin at 1300 h than in urine of rats treated at another time of day (P < 0.05). Gentamicin injected at 1300 h induced a significantly greater increase of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of renal cortex (P < 0.01), a significantly greater inhibition of sphingomyelinase activity (P < 0.05), and significantly more histopathological lesions than the same dose injected at another time of the day. Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels in serum were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the creatinine clearance was significantly lower (P < 0.05) when gentamicin was injected at 1300 h than when it was injected at another time of day. Our data suggest temporal variations in both the toxicity and the effectiveness of gentamicin, the drug being more effective and less toxic when injected during the activity period of the animals.  (+info)

Inverse relationship between severity of experimental pyelonephritis and nitric oxide production in C3H/HeJ mice. (5/594)

The contribution of nitric oxide to host resistance to experimental pyelonephritis is not well understood. We examined whether the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis alters the sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) responder (C3H/HeN) and nonresponder (C3H/HeJ) mice to experimental Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice were implanted subcutaneously with minipumps containing an inhibitor of nitric oxide, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), or a corresponding vehicle. Ascending urinary tract infection by bladder catheterization with two strains of E. coli, an O75 strain bearing Dr fimbriae and an O75 strain bearing P fimbriae, was developed in tested animals. Twenty-four hours following bladder infection, the kidneys of C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice were colonized at a similar rate. However, 5 weeks postinoculation, C3H/HeN mice cleared infection while C3H/HeJ mice showed persistent colonization. Twenty-four hours following infection, C3H/HeN mice treated with L-NAME showed no significant increase of renal tissue infection compared to the saline-treated control group. However, L-NAME-treated C3H/HeJ mice showed an approximately 100-fold increase in E. coli infection rate compared to the saline-treated controls in the Dr+ group but showed no change compared to those in the P+ group. Dissemination of Dr+ E. coli but not P+ E. coli to the liver and uterus was significantly enhanced with L-NAME treatment in C3H/HeJ mice only. Nitric oxide had no direct killing effect on E. coli in vitro. Nitrite production by various organs was found to be significantly lower in C3H/HeJ mice than in C3H/HeN mice. Alteration of nitric oxide and LPS responsiveness was significantly associated with the increased sensitivity of C3H/HeJ mice to experimental Dr+ but not to P+ E. coli pyelonephritis. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that nitric oxide synthase activity in concert with LPS responsiveness may participate in the antibacterial defense mechanisms of the C3H mouse urinary tract. This phenomenon is strain dependent and possibly related to the invasive properties of E. coli.  (+info)

Increased urine interleukin-6 concentrations correlate with pyelonephritic changes on 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid scans in neonates with urinary tract infections. (6/594)

Interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 are important inflammatory cytokines in bacterial infections. Their serum and urine concentrations were measured in 27 neonates with urinary tract infection (UTI) at onset and the second week of therapy, as well as in 23 control neonates. Escherichia coli was isolated in 89% of cases. 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) scans were performed between the 10th and 90th days after UTI and showed pyelonephritic changes in 15 neonates (56%). Increased IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were found in urine but not in serum within the first 24 h after presumptive diagnosis of UTI (P=.036 and.010, respectively), suggesting that the neonatal urinary tract can respond to uropathogens by producing inflammatory cytokines. Urine concentrations of IL-6 correlated with findings of renal changes in 99mTc-DMSA scans (P=.012) and thus may serve as a marker of renal parenchymal outcome. All neonates exhibited undetectable urine cytokine levels during the second week of therapy.  (+info)

Neutrophil recruitment and resistance to urinary tract infection. (7/594)

This study examined the role of neutrophil leukocytes for the antibacterial defense at mucosal infection sites. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was established by injection into the bladder lumen of Escherichia coli 1177, a fully virulent clinical isolate. Infection of C3H/HeN (lpsn, lpsn) mice recruited neutrophils into the urinary tract, and bacteria were cleared from kidneys and bladders. The neutrophil response was absent in C3H/HeJ (lpsd, lpsd) mice, and bacteria persisted in the tissues. Peripheral neutrophil depletion of C3H/HeN mice was subsequently achieved by pretreatment with the granulocyte-specific antibody RB6-8C5. The E. coli-induced neutrophil recruitment was inhibited, as shown by immunohistochemistry and tissue myeloperoxidase quantitation. As a consequence, bacterial clearance from kidneys and bladders was drastically impaired. Antibody treatment of C3H/HeJ mice had only a marginal effect. The results show that neutrophils are essential for bacterial clearance from the urinary tract and that the neutrophil recruitment deficiency in C3H/HeJ mice explains their susceptibility to gram-negative UTI.  (+info)

Virulence characteristics of Escherichia coli in acute bacterial prostatitis. (8/594)

To assess the urovirulence characteristics of Escherichia coli strains causing acute prostatitis, urinary isolates from men with acute prostatitis (n=107) and from women with acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (n=76) were examined for the prevalence of sfa, foc, and 3 papG allele genotypes and phenotypes and for the production of alpha-hemolysin and cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1. The papG allele III and foc gene were found more frequently and the papG allele II less frequently among prostatitis than from pyelonephritis isolates. A higher proportion of hly+ cnf1+ genotype in prostatitis strains (64% vs. 36%) was particularly striking. Both prostatitis and pyelonephritis strains expressed virulence factors similarly except for a higher proportion of nonhemolytic prostatitis isolates. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms of urinary tract infections in men and women may differ, virulence factors such as adhesins and cytotoxins may have important roles in the pathogenesis of acute prostatitis.  (+info)

Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that involves the renal pelvis and the kidney parenchyma. It's typically caused by bacterial invasion, often via the ascending route from the lower urinary tract. The most common causative agent is Escherichia coli (E. coli), but other bacteria such as Klebsiella, Proteus, and Pseudomonas can also be responsible.

Acute pyelonephritis can lead to symptoms like fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and frequent or painful urination. If left untreated, it can potentially cause permanent kidney damage, sepsis, or other complications. Chronic pyelonephritis, on the other hand, is usually associated with underlying structural or functional abnormalities of the urinary tract.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, urinalysis, and imaging studies, while treatment often consists of antibiotics tailored to the identified pathogen and the patient's overall health status.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is a rare and severe form of chronic pyelonephritis, which is an infection and inflammation of the renal pelvis. In XPN, there is a proliferation of lipid-laden macrophages (also known as xanthoma cells) and other inflammatory cells in the kidney parenchyma, leading to the formation of multiple granulomas.

XPN typically affects middle-aged to older women with underlying urologic abnormalities such as obstructive uropathy, calculi (stones), or chronic urinary tract infections. The condition can be difficult to diagnose and often requires a combination of imaging studies, urinalysis, and histopathological examination of renal tissue.

The clinical presentation of XPN is variable and may include fever, flank pain, weight loss, and symptoms related to urinary tract obstruction or infection. Treatment usually involves antibiotic therapy, surgical removal of the affected kidney (nephrectomy), and management of any underlying urologic abnormalities. If left untreated, XPN can lead to irreversible kidney damage and even sepsis.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections refer to illnesses caused by the bacterium E. coli, which can cause a range of symptoms depending on the specific strain and site of infection. The majority of E. coli strains are harmless and live in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. However, some strains, particularly those that produce Shiga toxins, can cause severe illness.

E. coli infections can occur through various routes, including contaminated food or water, person-to-person contact, or direct contact with animals or their environments. Common symptoms of E. coli infections include diarrhea (often bloody), abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. In severe cases, complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur, which may lead to kidney failure and other long-term health problems.

Preventing E. coli infections involves practicing good hygiene, cooking meats thoroughly, avoiding cross-contamination of food during preparation, washing fruits and vegetables before eating, and avoiding unpasteurized dairy products and juices. Prompt medical attention is necessary if symptoms of an E. coli infection are suspected to prevent potential complications.

Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid (DMSA) is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in nuclear medicine imaging procedures. The compound is made up of the radioisotope Technetium-99m, which emits gamma rays that can be detected by a gamma camera, and dimercaptosuccinic acid, which binds to certain types of metal ions in the body.

In medical imaging, Technetium Tc 99m DMSA is typically used to visualize the kidneys and detect any abnormalities such as inflammation, infection, or tumors. The compound is taken up by the renal tubules in the kidneys, allowing for detailed images of the kidney structure and function to be obtained.

It's important to note that the use of Technetium Tc 99m DMSA should be under the supervision of a trained medical professional, as with any radiopharmaceutical agent, due to the radiation exposure involved in its use.

Cystitis is a medical term that refers to inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection. The infection can occur when bacteria from the digestive tract or skin enter the urinary tract through the urethra and travel up to the bladder. This condition is more common in women than men due to their shorter urethras, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.

Symptoms of cystitis may include a strong, frequent, or urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discomfort in the lower abdomen or back. In some cases, there may be blood in the urine, fever, chills, or nausea and vomiting.

Cystitis can usually be treated with antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. Drinking plenty of water to flush out the bacteria and alleviating symptoms with over-the-counter pain medications may also help. Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, wiping from front to back after using the toilet, urinating after sexual activity, and avoiding using douches or perfumes in the genital area.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are defined as the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, typically bacteria, in any part of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, resulting in infection and inflammation. The majority of UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, but other organisms such as Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus can also cause UTIs.

UTIs can be classified into two types based on the location of the infection:

1. Lower UTI or bladder infection (cystitis): This type of UTI affects the bladder and urethra. Symptoms may include a frequent and urgent need to urinate, pain or burning during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and discomfort in the lower abdomen or back.

2. Upper UTI or kidney infection (pyelonephritis): This type of UTI affects the kidneys and can be more severe than a bladder infection. Symptoms may include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the flanks or back.

UTIs are more common in women than men due to their shorter urethra, which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. Other risk factors for UTIs include sexual activity, use of diaphragms or spermicides, urinary catheterization, diabetes, and weakened immune systems.

UTIs are typically diagnosed through a urinalysis and urine culture to identify the causative organism and determine the appropriate antibiotic treatment. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan may be necessary to evaluate for any underlying abnormalities in the urinary tract.

Vesico-Ureteral Reflux (VUR) is a medical condition that affects the urinary system, specifically the junction where the ureters (tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder) connect with the bladder. In normal physiology, once the bladder fills up with urine and contracts during micturition (urination), the pressure within the bladder should prevent the backflow of urine into the ureters.

However, in VUR, the valve-like mechanism that prevents this backflow does not function properly, allowing urine to flow backward from the bladder into the ureters and potentially even into the kidneys. This reflux can lead to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney damage, and other complications if left untreated. VUR is more commonly diagnosed in children but can also occur in adults.

Bacteriuria is a medical term that refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine. The condition can be asymptomatic or symptomatic, and it can occur in various populations, including hospitalized patients, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying urologic abnormalities.

There are different types of bacteriuria, including:

1. Significant bacteriuria: This refers to the presence of a large number of bacteria in the urine (usually greater than 100,000 colony-forming units per milliliter or CFU/mL) and is often associated with urinary tract infection (UTI).
2. Contaminant bacteriuria: This occurs when bacteria from the skin or external environment enter the urine sample during collection, leading to a small number of bacteria present in the urine.
3. Asymptomatic bacteriuria: This refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine without any symptoms of UTI. It is more common in older adults, pregnant women, and individuals with diabetes or other underlying medical conditions.

The diagnosis of bacteriuria typically involves a urinalysis and urine culture to identify the type and quantity of bacteria present in the urine. Treatment depends on the type and severity of bacteriuria and may involve antibiotics to eliminate the infection. However, asymptomatic bacteriuria often does not require treatment unless it occurs in pregnant women or individuals undergoing urologic procedures.

Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by abnormal, permanent enlargement of the airspaces called alveoli in the lungs, accompanied by destruction of their walls. This results in loss of elasticity and decreased gas exchange efficiency, causing shortness of breath and coughing. It is often caused by smoking or exposure to harmful pollutants. The damage to the lungs is irreversible, but quitting smoking and using medications can help alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression.

Kidney papillary necrosis is a medical condition characterized by the death (necrosis) of the renal papillae, which are the small conical projections at the ends of the renal tubules in the kidneys. This condition typically occurs due to reduced blood flow to the kidneys or as a result of toxic injury from certain medications, chronic infections, diabetes, sickle cell disease, and systemic vasculitides.

The necrosis of the papillae can lead to the formation of small stones or debris that can obstruct the flow of urine, causing further damage to the kidneys. Symptoms of kidney papillary necrosis may include fever, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloody or foul-smelling urine. The diagnosis is typically made through imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI, and treatment may involve addressing the underlying cause, administering antibiotics to prevent infection, and providing supportive care to maintain kidney function.

Proteus infections are caused by the bacterium Proteus mirabilis or other Proteus species. These bacteria are gram-negative, opportunistic pathogens that can cause various types of infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), wound infections, and bacteremia (bloodstream infections). Proteus infections are often associated with complicated UTIs, catheter-associated UTIs, and healthcare-associated infections. They can be difficult to treat due to their ability to produce enzymes that inactivate certain antibiotics and form biofilms.

Proteus infections can cause symptoms such as fever, chills, fatigue, and discomfort in the affected area. In UTIs, patients may experience symptoms like burning during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine. Wound infections caused by Proteus can lead to delayed healing, increased pain, and pus formation. Bacteremia can cause sepsis, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Treatment for Proteus infections typically involves antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, or carbapenems. The choice of antibiotic depends on the severity and location of the infection, as well as the patient's overall health status and any underlying medical conditions. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain abscesses or remove infected devices like catheters.

Pyelitis is a medical term that refers to the inflammation of the renal pelvis, which is the part of the kidney where urine collects before flowing into the ureter. Pyelitis can occur as a result of a bacterial infection, and it is often associated with pyelonephritis, which is an inflammation of the kidney tissue itself.

The symptoms of pyelitis may include fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, and frequent or painful urination. The condition can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including urinalysis, urine culture, and imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the underlying infection, as well as supportive care to manage any symptoms.

It is important to seek medical attention promptly if you experience symptoms of pyelitis, as untreated infections can lead to serious complications, including kidney damage and sepsis.

An acute disease is a medical condition that has a rapid onset, develops quickly, and tends to be short in duration. Acute diseases can range from minor illnesses such as a common cold or flu, to more severe conditions such as pneumonia, meningitis, or a heart attack. These types of diseases often have clear symptoms that are easy to identify, and they may require immediate medical attention or treatment.

Acute diseases are typically caused by an external agent or factor, such as a bacterial or viral infection, a toxin, or an injury. They can also be the result of a sudden worsening of an existing chronic condition. In general, acute diseases are distinct from chronic diseases, which are long-term medical conditions that develop slowly over time and may require ongoing management and treatment.

Examples of acute diseases include:

* Acute bronchitis: a sudden inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often caused by a viral infection.
* Appendicitis: an inflammation of the appendix that can cause severe pain and requires surgical removal.
* Gastroenteritis: an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.
* Migraine headaches: intense headaches that can last for hours or days, and are often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.
* Myocardial infarction (heart attack): a sudden blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, often caused by a buildup of plaque in the coronary arteries.
* Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs that can cause coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
* Sinusitis: an inflammation of the sinuses, often caused by a viral or bacterial infection.

It's important to note that while some acute diseases may resolve on their own with rest and supportive care, others may require medical intervention or treatment to prevent complications and promote recovery. If you are experiencing symptoms of an acute disease, it is always best to seek medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

A cicatrix is a medical term that refers to a scar or the process of scar formation. It is the result of the healing process following damage to body tissues, such as from an injury, wound, or surgery. During the healing process, specialized cells called fibroblasts produce collagen, which helps to reconnect and strengthen the damaged tissue. The resulting scar tissue may have a different texture, color, or appearance compared to the surrounding healthy tissue.

Cicatrix formation is a natural part of the body's healing response, but excessive scarring can sometimes cause functional impairment, pain, or cosmetic concerns. In such cases, various treatments may be used to minimize or improve the appearance of scars, including topical creams, steroid injections, laser therapy, and surgical revision.

A kidney, in medical terms, is one of two bean-shaped organs located in the lower back region of the body. They are essential for maintaining homeostasis within the body by performing several crucial functions such as:

1. Regulation of water and electrolyte balance: Kidneys help regulate the amount of water and various electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium in the bloodstream to maintain a stable internal environment.

2. Excretion of waste products: They filter waste products from the blood, including urea (a byproduct of protein metabolism), creatinine (a breakdown product of muscle tissue), and other harmful substances that result from normal cellular functions or external sources like medications and toxins.

3. Endocrine function: Kidneys produce several hormones with important roles in the body, such as erythropoietin (stimulates red blood cell production), renin (regulates blood pressure), and calcitriol (activated form of vitamin D that helps regulate calcium homeostasis).

4. pH balance regulation: Kidneys maintain the proper acid-base balance in the body by excreting either hydrogen ions or bicarbonate ions, depending on whether the blood is too acidic or too alkaline.

5. Blood pressure control: The kidneys play a significant role in regulating blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which constricts blood vessels and promotes sodium and water retention to increase blood volume and, consequently, blood pressure.

Anatomically, each kidney is approximately 10-12 cm long, 5-7 cm wide, and 3 cm thick, with a weight of about 120-170 grams. They are surrounded by a protective layer of fat and connected to the urinary system through the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Succimer is an medication, specifically a chelating agent, that is used to treat heavy metal poisoning, such as lead or mercury. It works by binding to the metal ions in the body and allowing them to be excreted through urine. The chemical name for succimer is dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). It is available in the form of oral capsules and is typically prescribed by a healthcare professional.

Urine is a physiological excretory product that is primarily composed of water, urea, and various ions (such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and others) that are the byproducts of protein metabolism. It also contains small amounts of other substances like uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, and various organic compounds. Urine is produced by the kidneys through a process called urination or micturition, where it is filtered from the blood and then stored in the bladder until it is excreted from the body through the urethra. The color, volume, and composition of urine can provide important diagnostic information about various medical conditions.

The kidney pelvis, also known as the renal pelvis, is the funnel-shaped part of the upper end of the ureter in the kidney. It receives urine from the minor and major calyces, which are extensions of the renal collecting tubules, and then drains it into the ureter, which carries it to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination from the body. The kidney pelvis is lined with transitional epithelium, which is designed to stretch and accommodate changes in urine volume.

Adhesins in Escherichia coli (E. coli) refer to proteins or structures on the surface of E. coli bacteria that allow them to adhere to host cells or surfaces. These adhesins play a crucial role in the initial attachment and colonization of the bacterium to the host, which can lead to infection and disease.

There are several types of adhesins found in E. coli, including fimbrial and non-fimbrial adhesins. Fimbrial adhesins, also known as pili, are hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the bacterium and can bind to specific receptors on host cells. Non-fimbrial adhesins, on the other hand, are proteins located on the outer membrane of the bacterium that can mediate adherence to host cells or surfaces.

One well-known example of an E. coli adhesin is the P fimbriae, which is associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). The P fimbriae bind to galabiose receptors on the surface of uroepithelial cells, allowing the bacterium to colonize and infect the urinary tract. Other types of E. coli adhesins have been implicated in various extraintestinal infections, such as meningitis, sepsis, and neonatal meningitis.

Understanding the mechanisms of E. coli adhesion is important for developing strategies to prevent and treat infections caused by this bacterium.

Bacterial fimbriae are thin, hair-like protein appendages that extend from the surface of many types of bacteria. They are involved in the attachment of bacteria to surfaces, other cells, or extracellular structures. Fimbriae enable bacteria to adhere to host tissues and form biofilms, which contribute to bacterial pathogenicity and survival in various environments. These protein structures are composed of several thousand subunits of a specific protein called pilin. Some fimbriae can recognize and bind to specific receptors on host cells, initiating the process of infection and colonization.

Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which is used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. Ceftriaxone has a broad spectrum of activity and is effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including some that are resistant to other antibiotics.

Ceftriaxone is available in injectable form and is commonly used to treat serious infections such as meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. It is also used to prevent infections after surgery or trauma. The drug is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and rash. In rare cases, it may cause serious side effects such as anaphylaxis, kidney damage, and seizures.

It's important to note that Ceftriaxone should be used only under the supervision of a healthcare professional, and that it is not recommended for use in individuals with a history of allergic reactions to cephalosporins or penicillins. Additionally, as with all antibiotics, it should be taken as directed and for the full duration of the prescribed course of treatment, even if symptoms improve before the treatment is finished.

'Escherichia coli' (E. coli) is a type of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that commonly inhabits the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals. It is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae and one of the most well-studied prokaryotic model organisms in molecular biology.

While most E. coli strains are harmless and even beneficial to their hosts, some serotypes can cause various forms of gastrointestinal and extraintestinal illnesses in humans and animals. These pathogenic strains possess virulence factors that enable them to colonize and damage host tissues, leading to diseases such as diarrhea, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and sepsis.

E. coli is a versatile organism with remarkable genetic diversity, which allows it to adapt to various environmental niches. It can be found in water, soil, food, and various man-made environments, making it an essential indicator of fecal contamination and a common cause of foodborne illnesses. The study of E. coli has contributed significantly to our understanding of fundamental biological processes, including DNA replication, gene regulation, and protein synthesis.

Proteus mirabilis is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the environment, particularly in soil and water. In humans, P. mirabilis can be part of the normal gut flora but can also cause opportunistic infections, particularly in the urinary tract. It is known for its ability to produce urease, which can lead to the formation of urinary stones and blockages.

P. mirabilis infections are often associated with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, or urinary catheterization. Symptoms of a P. mirabilis infection may include fever, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and pain or burning during urination. Treatment typically involves antibiotics that are effective against Gram-negative bacteria, although resistance to certain antibiotics is not uncommon in P. mirabilis isolates.

Urography is a medical imaging technique used to examine the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It involves the use of a contrast material that is injected into a vein or given orally, which then travels through the bloodstream to the kidneys and gets excreted in the urine. This allows the radiologist to visualize the structures and any abnormalities such as tumors, stones, or blockages. There are different types of urography, including intravenous urography (IVU), CT urography, and retrograde urography.

Anti-infective agents for the urinary tract are medications used to prevent or treat infections caused by microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses) in the urinary system. These agents can be administered locally (for example, via catheter instillation) or systemically (orally or intravenously).

Common classes of anti-infective agents used for urinary tract infections include:

1. Antibiotics: These are the most commonly prescribed class of anti-infectives for urinary tract infections. They target and kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria responsible for the infection. Common antibiotics used for this purpose include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and fosfomycin.
2. Antifungals: These medications are used to treat fungal urinary tract infections (UTIs). Common antifungal agents include fluconazole, amphotericin B, and nystatin.
3. Antivirals: Although rare, viral UTIs can occur, and antiviral medications may be prescribed to treat them. Examples of antiviral agents used for urinary tract infections include acyclovir and valacyclovir.

It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for any suspected urinary tract infection. Improper use or misuse of anti-infective agents can lead to antibiotic resistance, making future treatments more challenging.

Infectious pregnancy complications refer to infections that occur during pregnancy and can affect the mother, fetus, or both. These infections can lead to serious consequences such as preterm labor, low birth weight, birth defects, stillbirth, or even death. Some common infectious agents that can cause pregnancy complications include:

1. Bacteria: Examples include group B streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause sepsis, meningitis, or pneumonia in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.
2. Viruses: Examples include cytomegalovirus, rubella, varicella-zoster, and HIV, which can cause congenital anomalies, developmental delays, or transmission of the virus to the fetus.
3. Parasites: Examples include Toxoplasma gondii, which can cause severe neurological damage in the fetus if transmitted during pregnancy.
4. Fungi: Examples include Candida albicans, which can cause fungal infections in the mother and lead to preterm labor or stillbirth.

Preventive measures such as vaccination, good hygiene practices, and avoiding high-risk behaviors can help reduce the risk of infectious pregnancy complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections during pregnancy are also crucial to prevent adverse outcomes.

Pyelocystitis is a medical term that refers to the infection and inflammation of both the renal pelvis (the part of the kidney where urine collects) and the bladder. It is a rare condition that typically occurs as a complication of another underlying urinary tract disorder, such as obstructive uropathy or vesicoureteral reflux.

Pyelocystitis can cause various symptoms, including fever, flank pain, lower abdominal pain, frequent urination, and painful urination (dysuria). The diagnosis of pyelocystitis is usually made based on the patient's symptoms, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection and addressing any underlying urinary tract abnormalities that may have contributed to the development of pyelocystitis.

The urinary tract is a system in the body responsible for producing, storing, and eliminating urine. It includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. The kidneys filter waste and excess fluids from the blood to produce urine, which then travels down the ureters into the bladder. When the bladder is full, urine is released through the urethra during urination. Any part of this system can become infected or inflamed, leading to conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or kidney stones.

Urolithiasis is the formation of stones (calculi) in the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These stones can be composed of various substances such as calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, or struvite. The presence of urolithiasis can cause symptoms like severe pain in the back or side, nausea, vomiting, fever, and blood in the urine. The condition can be managed with medications, increased fluid intake, and in some cases, surgical intervention may be required to remove the stones.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

It is now[when?] the most reliable test for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Acute pyelonephritis is an exudative ... Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by granulomatous abscess ... Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. Young adult females are most ... People with acute pyelonephritis that is accompanied by high fever and leukocytosis are typically admitted to the hospital for ...
Emphysematous pyelonephritis. Male scuba divers utilizing condom catheters or female divers using a She-p external catching ...
Pyelonephritis is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the renal pelvis of the kidney. Lupus ... "Pyelonephritis: Kidney Infection". www.niddk.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-14. "Lupus Nephritis". www.niddk.nih.gov. Archived from ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis. It results in severe destruction of the kidney ... There are three main classifications of pyelonephritis: acute, chronic and xanthogranulomatous. In acute pyelonephritis, the ... Pyelonephritis is a type of urinary tract infection that occurs when bacteria enters the body through the urinary tract. It ... Treatment for acute pyelonephritis is provided via antibiotics and an extensive urological investigation is conducted to find ...
Pyelonephritis is usually caused by bacteria that enter the kidney through the ascending route from the lower parts of the ... "Pyelonephritis in Small Animals". Merck Veterinary Manual. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 30 ... "Giant hydronephrosis and secondary pyelonephritis induced by Salmonella dublin in a Holstein calf". Iranian Journal of ... urinary system, in rare cases through the blood (descending hematogenous route). In ruminants, pyelonephritis is most often ...
Rosenheim, M. L. (1963). "Problems of Chronic Pyelonephritis". BMJ. 1 (5343): 1433-1440. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5343.1433. PMC ... he delivered the Lumleian lecture at the College in 1963 entitled Problems of Chronic Pyelonephritis. In 1966, he was elected ...
Rosenheim, M. L. (1963). "Problems of Chronic Pyelonephritis". BMJ. 1 (5343): 1433-1440. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5343.1433. PMC ... Problems of Chronic Pyelonephritis 1964 Robert Russell Race 1965 E. F. Scowen, Cystinuria 1966 Cuthbert Leslie Cope, The ...
"Bovine Cystitis and Pyelonephritis". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2006. Retrieved 2007-06-05. Smith, Joe S.; Krull, Adam C.; ... Corynebacterium renale is a pathogenic bacterium that causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in cattle. C. renale is a ...
They can indicate pyelonephritis. They are named after George Emerson Brewer.[citation needed] "Definition: Brewer's infarcts ...
Thrupp, Lauri D.; Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kass, Edward H. (1964). "Relationship of Bacteriuria in Pregnancy to Pyelonephritis". JAMA ... Kass, Edward H. (1960). "Bacteriuria and Pyelonephritis of Pregnancy". Archives of Internal Medicine. 105 (2): 194-198. doi: ... "Relation between Pyelonephritis and Bacterial Counts in the Urine". New England Journal of Medicine. 256 (20): 915-922. doi: ...
... pyelonephritis associated); and sigma for spore coat pilus from Myxococcus xanthus. As stated previously there are two types of ...
CVA tenderness is often present in acute pyelonephritis. CVA tenderness may be present in patients who have a kidney stone, a ...
An upper urinary tract infection which involves the kidney is called pyelonephritis. About 10-20% of pyelonephritis will go on ... Pyelonephritis is treated more aggressively than a simple bladder infection using either a longer course of oral antibiotics or ... Pyelonephritis occurs between 20 and 30 times less frequently. They are the most common cause of hospital-acquired infections ... If not treated it causes up to 30% of mothers to develop pyelonephritis and increases risk of low birth weight and preterm ...
It is sometimes used as a test for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. However, the sensitivity of DMSA scan for acute ... "DMSA renal scans in adults with acute pyelonephritis". Clinical Nephrology. 46 (2): 99-104. PMID 8869786. (All articles with ... pyelonephritis may be as low as 46%. Procedure: Patient is injected with 2-5 mCi of Technetium-99m DMSA intravenously and ...
Uropathogenic E. coli use P fimbriae (pyelonephritis-associated pili) to bind urinary tract urothelial cells and colonize the ... Nicolle LE (February 2008). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". Urol. ... causing pyelonephritis), or the prostate in males. Because women have a shorter urethra than men, they are 14 times more likely ... which are particularly associated with cystitis and pregnancy-associated pyelonephritis. The Dr adhesins bind Dr blood group ...
Bear's Paw sign: A Classic Presentation of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. Urology. July 2015 14. Wei Phin Tan, Philip ...
He died in 1941 due to complications from Pyelonephritis. "Nathan Abbott". www.law.umich.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-29. The Yale ...
In her childhood, she was often bedridden with pyelonephritis. She listened to the outside world and created "aural pictures" ...
The xanthogranulomatous type of inflammation is most-commonly seen in pyelonephritis and cholecystitis, although it has more ... Proteus and Escherichia coli are the most commonly involved bacteria in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The foam cells of ... Xanthogranulomatous osteomyelitis Goodman M, Curry T, Russell T (March 1979). "Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP): a ...
Lane, DR; Takhar, SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency ... pyelonephritis). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include pain with urination, frequent urination, and feeling the ...
Lane DR, Takhar SS (August 2011). "Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis". Emergency Medicine ...
Domingue GJ, Schlegel JU (December 1970). "The possible role of microbial L-forms in pyelonephritis". The Journal of Urology. ... as well as the role of various gram negative pathogens in the host-pathogen interaction in pyelonephritis, and the effects of ... "The role of in vitro induced microbial L-forms in experimental hematogenous pyelonephritis". Investigative Urology. 9 (4): 282- ... He implicated atypical bacteria in several kidney-related diseases including pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, idiopathic ...
Nicolle LE (February 2008). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". The ... and includes pyelonephritis or cystitis. The most common cause of urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli.[citation needed ...
The cause of death was acute bacteremia due to pyelonephritis. He was buried at Christ Our Redeemer Catholic Cemetery in ...
Thomson's health had deteriorated because of cystitis, schistosomiasis and pyelonephritis. In 1892, he contracted pneumonia and ...
It can occur as a complication of hydronephrosis or pyelonephritis.[citation needed] CECT is investigation of choice. This ... Pyelonephritis Nephrotic syndrome "pyonephrosis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary (Articles with short description, Short ...
... a marker of severity of acute pyelonephritis among children". Pediatrics. 114 (2): e249-54. doi:10.1542/peds.114.2.e249. PMID ...
Chronic pyelonephritis with reduced kidney size and focal cortical thinning. Measurement of kidney length on the US image is ... Acute pyelonephritis with increased cortical echogenicity and blurred delineation of the upper pole. Figure 27. Postoperative ...
Doctors later said they were fairly certain it was pyelonephritis. She and Zavozin had to withdraw from the 2011 World ...
... develop pyelonephritis, kidney abscess or prostatic abscesses; 0 to 30% develop neck or salivary gland abscesses; 10 to 33% ...
It is now[when?] the most reliable test for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Acute pyelonephritis is an exudative ... Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by granulomatous abscess ... Pyelonephritis affects about 1 to 2 per 1,000 women each year and just under 0.5 per 1,000 males. Young adult females are most ... People with acute pyelonephritis that is accompanied by high fever and leukocytosis are typically admitted to the hospital for ...
An episode of acute pyelonephritis may lead to significant renal damage; kidney failure; abscess formation (eg, nephric, ... Acute pyelonephritis is a potentially organ- and/or life-threatening infection that characteristically causes scarring of the ... Emphysematous pyelonephritis. In emphysematous pyelonephritis, the mortality rate is 60% in cases in which the gas is localized ... Uncomplicated pyelonephritis is not a fatal disease in the antibiotic era. Pyelonephritis becomes a potentially fatal disease ...
Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings of 21 cases of pathologically proven xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP ... US and CT findings of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis Clin Imaging. 2001 Mar-Apr;25(2):118-21. doi: 10.1016/s0899-7071(01) ... Ultrasonographic and computed tomographic findings of 21 cases of pathologically proven xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP ...
A 62-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with consciousness disturbance and left flank pain. She had past history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension for 5 years and underwent haemodialysis three times a week for end-stage renal disease for 8 years. Left haemorrhagic renal cyst rupture just occurred 1 month … ...
DrugsKidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) drugsDrugsKidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) drugs. InformationAdditional information ... ABN,Acute Bacterial Nephritis,Acute Pyelonephritis,Chronic Pyelonephritis,Complicated Urinary Tract Infection,Emphysematous ... A kidney infection is also known as pyelonephritis or an upper urinary tract infection (UTI). With this, germs get into your ... A kidney infection is also known as pyelonephritis or an upper urinary tract infection (UTI). With this, germs get into your ...
Diagnosis: Pyelonephritis. Findings: Enlarged right kidney with striated nephrogram consistent with pyelonephritis. In ... pyelonephritis, the kidneys often appear normal. with kidneys that could be enlarged due to edema. There may be lower ...
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Information about the SNOMED CT code 36689008 representing Acute pyelonephritis. ... Pyelonephritis 45816000. Acute pyelonephritis 36689008. SNOMED CT Concept 138875005. Clinical finding 404684003. Disease ... Acute pyelonephritis 36689008. SNOMED CT Concept 138875005. Clinical finding 404684003. Disease 64572001. Acute disease 2704003 ... Acute pyelonephritis 36689008. SNOMED CT Concept 138875005. Clinical finding 404684003. Disease 64572001. Infectious disease ...
ANOREXIA AND WEIGHT LOSS IN A CAT: DAY 1 A 7-year-old female spayed domestic shorthaired cat was evaluated at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UMVTH) because of partial anorexia and weight loss of several weeks duration. According to the owners, the cat consumed plenty of water. They were unsure about urine volume; however, there was no evidence of pollakiuria or dysuria. Physical examination revealed mild dehydrated (~ 5% loss of bodyweight). Temperature, respiration, pulse rate, and systolic blood pressure were normal. Abdominal palpation revealed that the left kidney was reduced in size; the urinary bladder was normal. Results of a serum chemistry profile revealed that the concentrations of creatinine (4.3 mg/dl) and SUN (60 mg/dl) were abnormal. Serum concentrations of phosphorus and calcium were normal. Results of a hemogram revealed values within the normal reference range (HCT = 36%; WBC = 6,300/µl). Analysis of a urine sample collected by cystocentesis prior to ...
Chronic pyelonephritis is a serious case of pyelonephritis which is a bacterial urinary tract infection of the kidneys. Most ... Chronic Pyelonephritis Treatment Market Scenario Covering Trends, Opportunities and Growth Forecast Chronic Pyelonephritis ... Chronic pyelonephritis often occurs due to chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy. The diagnosis of chronic ... Despite the use of anti-bacterial agents for chronic pyelonephritis treatment, the frequency of chronic pyelonephritis has not ...
... and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Patients with Pyelonephritis, United States1 David A ... for Escherichia coli isolates from US emergency department patients with acute uncomplicated and complicated pyelonephritis, ... and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Infections in Patients with Pyelonephritis, United States. ...
August 2010 PICTORIAL MEDICINE Sonographic diagnosis of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a clinically stable patient SY Hui, CW ...
In 13 of 14 examples in which the evidence pointed to chronic pyelonephritis there was clubbing of the calyx associated with ...
Recurrent pyelonephritis due to NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient returning from ... Recurrent pyelonephritis due to NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient returning from ... Recurrent pyelonephritis due to NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient returning from ... In March 2012, a patient with history of prior hospitalisation in Serbia was diagnosed in France with acute pyelonephritis due ...
Among them, 12 (0.16%) have kidney infection (pyelonephritis). These people tend to be male, 60+ old, have been taking the drug ... What is Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)?. Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is found to be associated with 2,027 drugs and ... All the drugs that are associated with Kidney infection (pyelonephritis):. *Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) (2,027 drugs) ... Do you take Cilostazol and have Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)?. Check whether Kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is ...
Chronic Pyelonephritis - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... Prognosis for Chronic Pyelonephritis The course of chronic pyelonephritis is extremely variable, but the disease typically ... Suspect chronic pyelonephritis if patients have recurrent acute pyelonephritis, but the diagnosis is often first suspected ... and acute pyelonephritis Acute pyelonephritis Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) can involve the urethra, prostate, ...
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Learn and reinforce your understanding of Chronic pyelonephritis. ... With chronic pyelonephritis, pyelo- means pelvis, and -neph- ... Chronic pyelonephritis Videos, Flashcards, High Yield Notes, & Practice Questions. ... The most common risk factor for recurrent acute pyelonephritis and therefore chronic pyelonephritis, is vesicoureteral reflux, ... Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Clinical Experience with 41 Cases Urology (2008). *Risk Factors Associated with Acute ...
How does severe pyelonephritis present in clinical practice?. *What are the risk factors for severe pyelonephritis in pregnancy ... Pyelonephritis refers to infection of one or both kidneys. UTI has been associated with preterm birth, pyelonephritis(1) and ... Pyelonephritis defined as at least 2 of the following: pyrexia / loin pain / positive urine culture ... Pyelonephritis is an infection in one or both kidneys.. *Urinary tract infection (UTI) has been associated with preterm birth, ...
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney that frequently shows no symptoms and thus it is not usually recognized until ... The frequency of pyelonephritis increases with age.. It is caused by a bacterial invasion. The organisms invading the kidney ... Pyelonephritis is a common condition that frequently shows no symptoms, so it is usually not recognized until the signs become ... The prognosis for pyelonephritis varies. Overall, it is considered fair to good. Infections that involve the renal medulla are ...
Most pyelonephritis is caused by bacterial infection, with increased risk by stones, tumors, etc. Impact on patients Kidney ... What is pyelonephritis Urine converges at renal pelvis, which leads to ureter. ... What is pyelonephritis. Urine converges at renal pelvis, which leads to ureter. Most pyelonephritis is caused by bacterial ... Pyelonephritis : https://www.hkmedicalconsultants.com/medical-detail.php?id=32&service=24〈=1. ...
Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous [C12.777.419.570.821.717.810]. *Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications [C13 ... "Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous" by people in this website ... Is the laparoscopic approach justified in patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis? Urology. 1999 Sep; 54(3):437-42; ...
Emphysematous pyelonephritis. radhianahassan July 25, 2022 Posted in Abdomen, Genitourinary system, Infection ...
Information on Pyelonephritis, which may include symptoms, causes, inheritance, treatments, orphan drugs, associated orgs, and ... Dont fight Pyelonephritis alone.. Find your community on the free RareGuru App. Connect with other caregivers and patients ... How is pyelonephritis diagnosed?. To confirm that you have a kidney infection, youll likely be asked to provide a urine sample ... What causes pyelonephritis?. Bacteria that enter your urinary tract through the tube that carries urine from your body (urethra ...
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), first described by Schlagenhaufer in 1916, is a rare, serious, chronic inflammatory ... encoded search term (Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis) and Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis What to Read Next on Medscape ... Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Medication. Updated: Nov 09, 2014 * Author: Samuel G Deem, DO; Chief Editor: Bradley Fields ... Diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with psoas abscess in a pregnant woman. Can J Urol. 2007 Apr. 14(2):3507-9. [QxMD ...
Infection of one or both kidneys by bacteria is the condition called pyelonephritis. The kidneys function to remove waste ... Pyelonephritis Signs & Symptoms. The symptoms of pyelonephritis are pain and tenderness in the flank (the part of the back ... Will pyelonephritis damage the kidneys?. Yes untreated pyelonephritis can damage the kidneys and lead to renal insufficiency or ... Pyelonephritis Diagnosis & Causes. Pyelonephritis usually happens because bacteria enter the urethra where they travel to the ...
Harnwegsinfektionen und Pyelonephritis. N.N.: Harnwegsinfektionen und Pyelonephritis. CME: Premium-Fortbildung für die ... Harnwegsinfektionen und Pyelonephritis , CME html{text-size-adjust:100%;line-height:1.15}body{font-family:Merriweather Sans, ...
Pyelonephritis answers are found in the 5-Minute Clinical Consult powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, ... Pyelonephritis. (2020). In Domino, F. J., Baldor, R. A., Golding, J., & Stephens, M. B. (Eds.), 5-Minute Clinical Consult (27th ... "Pyelonephritis." 5-Minute Clinical Consult, 27th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2020. Medicine Central, im.unboundmedicine.com/medicine/ ... view/5-Minute-Clinical-Consult/116507/1.2/Pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis. In: Domino FJF, Baldor RAR, Golding JJ, et al, eds. 5 ...
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Pyelonephritis answers are found in the Guide to Diagnostic Tests powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, ... "Pyelonephritis." Guide to Diagnostic Tests, 7th ed., McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. Anesthesia Central, anesth.unboundmedicine. ... com/anesthesia/view/GDT/619328/all/Pyelonephritis. Nicoll DD, Lu CMC, McPhee SJS. Pyelonephritis. Guide to Diagnostic Tests. ... Pyelonephritis Acute, uncomplicated (usually young women): Enterobacteriaceae (especially E. coli ) (GNR), enterococci (GPC in ...

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