Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.
Radiotherapy where there is improved dose homogeneity within the tumor and reduced dosage to uninvolved structures. The precise shaping of dose distribution is achieved via the use of computer-controlled multileaf collimators.
The relationship between the dose of administered radiation and the response of the organism or tissue to the radiation.
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy.
A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES.
Unstable isotopes of krypton that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Kr atoms with atomic weights 74-77, 79, 81, 85, and 87-94 are radioactive krypton isotopes.
An interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, occurring between 21-80 years of age. It is characterized by a dramatic onset of a "pneumonia-like" illness with cough, fever, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. Pathological features include prominent interstitial inflammation without collagen fibrosis, diffuse fibroblastic foci, and no microscopic honeycomb change. There is excessive proliferation of granulation tissue within small airways and alveolar ducts.
Administration of the total dose of radiation (RADIATION DOSAGE) in parts, at timed intervals.
The use of IONIZING RADIATION to treat malignant NEOPLASMS and some benign conditions.
Experimentally produced harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing RADIATION in CHORDATA animals.
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
A radiological stereotactic technique developed for cutting or destroying tissue by high doses of radiation in place of surgical incisions. It was originally developed for neurosurgery on structures in the brain and its use gradually spread to radiation surgery on extracranial structures as well. The usual rigid needles or probes of stereotactic surgery are replaced with beams of ionizing radiation directed toward a target so as to achieve local tissue destruction.
Radiotherapy using high-energy (megavolt or higher) ionizing radiation. Types of radiation include gamma rays, produced by a radioisotope within a teletherapy unit; x-rays, electrons, protons, alpha particles (helium ions) and heavy charged ions, produced by particle acceleration; and neutrons and pi-mesons (pions), produced as secondary particles following bombardment of a target with a primary particle.
X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or particle radiation (high energy ELEMENTARY PARTICLES) capable of directly or indirectly producing IONS in its passage through matter. The wavelengths of ionizing electromagnetic radiation are equal to or smaller than those of short (far) ultraviolet radiation and include gamma and X-rays.
Computer-assisted mathematical calculations of beam angles, intensities of radiation, and duration of irradiation in radiotherapy.
CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY that combines several intensity-modulated beams to provide improved dose homogeneity and highly conformal dose distributions.
The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.
Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.
The ability of some cells or tissues to survive lethal doses of IONIZING RADIATION. Tolerance depends on the species, cell type, and physical and chemical variables, including RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS and RADIATION-SENSITIZING AGENTS.
Emission or propagation of acoustic waves (SOUND), ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY waves (such as LIGHT; RADIO WAVES; GAMMA RAYS; or X-RAYS), or a stream of subatomic particles (such as ELECTRONS; NEUTRONS; PROTONS; or ALPHA PARTICLES).
Radiation protection, also known as radiation safety, is the science and practice of protecting people and the environment from harmful ionizing radiation exposure while allowing for the safe medical, industrial, and research uses of such radiation.
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
The observation, either continuously or at intervals, of the levels of radiation in a given area, generally for the purpose of assuring that they have not exceeded prescribed amounts or, in case of radiation already present in the area, assuring that the levels have returned to those meeting acceptable safety standards.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Risk factors for severe radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer. (1/173)

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for severe radiation pneumonitis, which often spreads beyond treatment portals and may even be bilateral, have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to identify important factors associated with severe radiation pneumonitis. METHODS: 111 cases of primary lung cancer, treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Severe radiation pneumonitis occurred in 17 cases (15.3%). The ratio of interstitial change in lungs before radiotherapy and radiotherapy to the contralateral mediastinum with > 40 Gy in the radiation pneumonitis group (RP group) was significantly higher than in patients without radiation pneumonitis (control group) (47.1% vs 5.3%; P < 0.001 and 58.8% vs 27.7%; P = 0.037, respectively). Using logistic regression analysis, interstitial changes before radiotherapy and radiotherapy to the contralateral mediastinum of > 40 Gy were significant risk factors associated with severe radiation pneumonitis. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pre-existing interstitial changes detected by chest radiography or computed tomography and radiotherapy to the contralateral mediastinum (> 40 Gy) may predict the development of severe radiation pneumonitis.  (+info)

Bilateral lymphocytic alveolitis: a common reaction after unilateral thoracic irradiation. (2/173)

The main aim of the present study was to assess the early diagnostic value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in radiation-induced lung injury in patients with breast carcinoma. Twenty-six females receiving postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer were evaluated before and 0, 15, 30, 60, and 180 days after radiotherapy. History, physical examination, chest radiographs, and pulmonary function tests were obtained. BAL, including lymphocyte subsets analysis, was limited to the second evaluation after radiotherapy. A group of 21 healthy females were used as control. Findings after radiotherapy in asymptomatic patients were compared with findings in a group of patients with radiation pneumonitis. Irradiated patients showed a significantly (p<0.01) greater percentage (29.5+/-15.7%) of BAL lymphocytes than controls (6.2+/-3.3%). No statistical differences existed in BAL findings between the irradiated and unirradiated sides of the chest. Percentages of BAL lymphocytes did not differ significantly between patients who developed subsequent pneumonitis (24.5+/-13.5%) and those who did not develop pneumonitis (32.8+/-16.5%). Patients with pneumonitis at the time of BAL had significantly higher (p<0.05) alveolar CD4 subset cells (24.8+/-10.2%) than asymptomatic patients (15.2+/-8.9%). Maximal reductions in total lung capacity (p<0.01), and residual volume (p<0.05) occurred 60 days after irradiation. The early lymphocytic alveolitis induced by unilateral thoracic radiotherapy in most patients with breast cancer is always bilateral and does not predict the subsequent development of radiological evidence of pneumonitis.  (+info)

Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as an early detection marker for radiation pneumonitis. (3/173)

To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the pathogenesis of radiation pneumonitis and to determine whether the measurement of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels is useful for predicting the onset of pneumonitis, the levels of sICAM-1 were measured in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with lung malignancy who received radiotherapy. A total of 30 patients were irradiated with a total dose of approximately 60 Gy. Blood samples were taken before, midway and after radiotherapy. BAL was also performed before and after radiotherapy in seven cases. The sICAM-1 concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit with two different monoclonal antibodies. Twelve out of 30 cases developed radiation pneumonitis (pneumonitis group), and the other cases did not (nonpneumonitis group). Serum levels of sICAM-1 after radiotherapy were significantly elevated in the pneumonitis group, but not in the nonpneumonitis group. In some of the cases in the pneumonitis group, sICAM-1 levels began to increase at an early phase of irradiation. In one case of pneumonitis in which BAL was performed, the total cell count and the number of lymphocytes increased markedly, as did the level of sICAM-1 in BAL fluid. These findings suggest that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 may play an important role in the development of radiation pneumonitis and that soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 may be a useful marker for the early detection of radiation pneumonitis.  (+info)

Noninfectious lung disease in the immunocompromised host. (4/173)

Patients with compromised immune function suffer a wide variety of lung insults. Infections are the most common causes of both acute and chronic lung diseases, but many noninfectious conditions affect the lungs. The clinical presentation of these noninfectious conditions often mimic infections, thus causing diagnostic dilemmas. The spectrum of noninfectious lung injury and response in the immunosuppressed host includes interstitial edema, interstitial fibrosis, diffuse idiopathic pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and obliterative bronchiolitis. Alveolar hemorrhage may complicate any of these conditions. Lung injury in the immunosuppressed host is associated with a diversity of etiologies: sepsis, irradiation, graft rejection, reperfusion injury, graft-versus-host disease, and chemotherapeutic agents and other drug reactions. These injuries most often present as diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph. Establishing a specific diagnosis and etiology for the injury is often problematic. From a pragmatic standpoint, excluding the possibility of infection is the principal aim of diagnostic testing.  (+info)

The lung as a target organ in patients with hematologic disorders. (5/173)

The lung is one of the organs most severely affected by complications during the course of hematologic disorders. In the last years an impressive amount of progress has been made in clarifying the pathogenesis of lung diseases, particularly those occurring in conditions of severe immunosuppression such as bone marrow transplantion, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or leukemia. Peculiar anatomical characteristics render the lung parenchyma highly susceptible to infections, but the clinical outcome is due not only to the injury induced by the pathogens but also to their interactions with inflammatory cells and particularly to the effects of a wide network of secreted cytokines. Polymorphonuclear cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and structural pulmonary cells (epithelial cells, interstitial cells) generate a variety of cytokines and growth factors which, in turn, may be responsible for the majority of the clinical effects in response to infections, such as those of Pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus, but also to certain drugs or to radiation. The pathogenesis of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is still poorly understood, but animal models seem to demonstrate the involvement of a number of cytokines and growth factors, together with toxic effects induced by conditioning regimens.  (+info)

The role of anti-epithelial cell antibodies in the pathogenesis of bilateral radiation pneumonitis caused by unilateral thoracic irradiation. (6/173)

Two cases of bilateral radiation pneumonitis associated with unilateral thoracic irradiation against lung cancer are described. Both patients died of respiratory failure and autopsy was performed. Histologically, bilateral diffuse alveolar damage was demonstrated in both cases, associated with marked organization of hyaline membrane in one case (case 1). In addition, numerous hyperplastic type II pneumocytes which strongly expressed cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 were observed. In both patients' sera, antibodies against cytokeratin 8, 18 and 19 were demonstrated by a Western immunoblot. The possible association between autoantibodies to cytokeratins and diffuse alveolar damage observed in patients with bilateral radiation pneumonitis are discussed.  (+info)

Experimental radiosurgery simulations using a theoretical model of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. (7/173)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A novel biomathematical arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model based on electric network analysis was used to investigate theoretically the potential role of intranidal hemodynamic perturbations in elevating the risk of rupture after simulated brain AVM radiosurgery. METHODS: The effects of radiation on 28 interconnected plexiform and fistulous AVM nidus vessels were simulated by predefined random or stepwise occlusion. Electric circuit analysis revealed the changes in intranidal flow, pressure, and risk of rupture at intervals of 3 months during a 3-year latency period after simulated partial/complete irradiation of the nidus using doses <25 and >/=25 Gy. An expression for risk of rupture was derived on the basis of the functional distribution of the critical radii of component vessels. The theoretical effects of radiation were also tested on AVM nidus vessels with progressively increasing elastic modulus (E:) and wall thickness during the latency period, simulating their eventual fibrosis. RESULTS: In an AVM with E=5. 0x10(4) dyne/cm(2), 4 (14.3%) of a total 28 sets of AVM radiosurgery simulations revealed theoretical nidus rupture (risk of rupture >/=100%). Three of these were associated with partial nidus coverage and 1 with complete treatment. All ruptures occurred after random occlusion of nidus vessels in AVMs receiving low-dose radiosurgery. Intranidal hemodynamic perturbations were observed in all cases of AVM rupture; the occlusion of a fistulous component resulted in intranidal rerouting of flow and escalation of the intravascular pressure in adjacent plexiform components. Risk of rupture was found to correlate with nidus vessel wall strength: a low E: of 1.9x10(4) dyne/cm(2) resulted in a 92.8% incidence of AVM rupture, whereas a higher E: of 7.0x10(4) dyne/cm(2) resulted in only a 3.6% incidence of AVM rupture. A dramatic reduction in rupture incidence was observed when increasing fibrosis of the nidus was modeled during the latency period. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the theoretical occurrence of AVM hemorrhage after radiosurgery was low, particularly when radiation-induced fibrosis of nidus vessels was considered. When rupture does occur, it would appear from a theoretical standpoint that the occlusion of intranidal fistulas or larger-caliber plexiform vessels could be a significant culprit in the generation of critical intranidal hemodynamic surges resulting in nidus rupture. The described AVM model should serve as a useful research tool for further theoretical investigations of cerebral AVM radiosurgery and its hemodynamic sequelae.  (+info)

Ionizing radiation enhances matrix metalloproteinase-2 production in human lung epithelial cells. (8/173)

Radiation pneumonitis is a major complication of radiation therapy. However, the detailed cellular mechanisms have not been clearly defined. Based on the recognition that basement membrane disruption occurs in acute lung injury and that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 can degrade type IV collagen, one of the major components of the basement membrane, we hypothesized that ionizing radiation would modulate MMP-2 production in human lung epithelial cells. To evaluate this, the modulation of MMP-2 with irradiation was investigated in normal human bronchial epithelial cells as well as in A549 cells. We measured the activity of MMP-2 in the conditioned medium with zymography and the MMP-2 mRNA level with RT-PCR. Both of these cells constitutively expressed 72-kDa gelatinolytic activity, corresponding to MMP-2, and exposure to radiation increased this activity. Consistent with the data of zymography, ionizing radiation increased the level of MMP-2 mRNA. This radiation-induced increase in MMP-2 expression was mediated via p53 because the p53 antisense oligonucleotide abolished the increase in MMP-2 activity as well as the accumulation of p53 after irradiation in A549 cells. These results indicate that MMP-2 expression by human lung epithelial cells is involved in radiation-induced lung injury.  (+info)

Radiation pneumonitis is a inflammatory reaction in the lung tissue that occurs as a complication of thoracic radiation therapy. It usually develops 1-3 months following the completion of radiation treatment. The symptoms can range from mild to severe and may include cough, shortness of breath, fever, and chest discomfort. In severe cases, it can lead to fibrosis (scarring) of the lung tissue, which can cause permanent lung damage. Radiation pneumonitis is diagnosed through a combination of clinical symptoms, imaging studies such as chest X-ray or CT scan, and sometimes through bronchoscopy with lavage. Treatment typically involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and supportive care to manage symptoms.

Conformal radiotherapy is a type of external beam radiation therapy that uses advanced technology to conform the radiation beam to the shape of the tumor, allowing for more precise and targeted treatment while minimizing exposure to healthy surrounding tissue. This can help reduce the risk of side effects and improve the therapeutic ratio. Conformal radiotherapy techniques include 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). These techniques use sophisticated imaging and treatment planning systems to create a personalized treatment plan for each patient, based on the size, shape, and location of their tumor.

A dose-response relationship in radiation refers to the correlation between the amount of radiation exposure (dose) and the biological response or adverse health effects observed in exposed individuals. As the level of radiation dose increases, the severity and frequency of the adverse health effects also tend to increase. This relationship is crucial in understanding the risks associated with various levels of radiation exposure and helps inform radiation protection standards and guidelines.

The effects of ionizing radiation can be categorized into two types: deterministic and stochastic. Deterministic effects have a threshold dose below which no effect is observed, and above this threshold, the severity of the effect increases with higher doses. Examples include radiation-induced cataracts or radiation dermatitis. Stochastic effects, on the other hand, do not have a clear threshold and are based on probability; as the dose increases, so does the likelihood of the adverse health effect occurring, such as an increased risk of cancer.

Understanding the dose-response relationship in radiation exposure is essential for setting limits on occupational and public exposure to ionizing radiation, optimizing radiation protection practices, and developing effective medical countermeasures in case of radiation emergencies.

Radiation dosage, in the context of medical physics, refers to the amount of radiation energy that is absorbed by a material or tissue, usually measured in units of Gray (Gy), where 1 Gy equals an absorption of 1 Joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter. In the clinical setting, radiation dosage is used to plan and assess the amount of radiation delivered to a patient during treatments such as radiotherapy. It's important to note that the biological impact of radiation also depends on other factors, including the type and energy level of the radiation, as well as the sensitivity of the irradiated tissues or organs.

Radiotherapy dosage refers to the total amount of radiation energy that is absorbed by tissues or organs, typically measured in units of Gray (Gy), during a course of radiotherapy treatment. It is the product of the dose rate (the amount of radiation delivered per unit time) and the duration of treatment. The prescribed dosage for cancer treatments can range from a few Gray to more than 70 Gy, depending on the type and location of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and other factors. The goal of radiotherapy is to deliver a sufficient dosage to destroy the cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is a type of lung inflammation that occurs in response to inhaling organic dusts or mold spores that contain allergens. It is also known as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This condition typically affects people who have been repeatedly exposed to the allergen over a period of time, such as farmers, bird fanciers, and workers in certain industries.

The symptoms of extrinsic allergic alveolitis can vary but often include cough, shortness of breath, fever, and fatigue. These symptoms may develop gradually or suddenly, depending on the frequency and intensity of exposure to the allergen. In some cases, the condition may progress to cause permanent lung damage if it is not treated promptly.

Diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and pulmonary function tests. In some cases, blood tests or bronchoscopy with lavage may also be used to help confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for extrinsic allergic alveolitis typically involves avoiding further exposure to the allergen, as well as using medications such as corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In severe cases, hospitalization and oxygen therapy may be necessary. With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people with extrinsic allergic alveolitis can recover fully and avoid long-term lung damage.

Lung neoplasms refer to abnormal growths or tumors in the lung tissue. These tumors can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant lung neoplasms are further classified into two main types: small cell lung carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Lung neoplasms can cause symptoms such as cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, and weight loss. They are often caused by smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke, but can also occur due to genetic factors, radiation exposure, and other environmental carcinogens. Early detection and treatment of lung neoplasms is crucial for improving outcomes and survival rates.

Radiation injuries refer to the damages that occur to living tissues as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. These injuries can be acute, occurring soon after exposure to high levels of radiation, or chronic, developing over a longer period after exposure to lower levels of radiation. The severity and type of injury depend on the dose and duration of exposure, as well as the specific tissues affected.

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness, is the most severe form of acute radiation injury. It can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, and skin burns. In more severe cases, it can lead to neurological damage, hemorrhage, infection, and death.

Chronic radiation injuries, on the other hand, may not appear until months or even years after exposure. They can cause a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, skin changes, cataracts, reduced fertility, and an increased risk of cancer.

Radiation injuries can be treated with supportive care, such as fluids and electrolytes replacement, antibiotics, wound care, and blood transfusions. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or control bleeding. Prevention is the best approach to radiation injuries, which includes limiting exposure through proper protective measures and monitoring radiation levels in the environment.

Krypton is a noble gas with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It exists in various radioisotopes, which are unstable isotopes of krypton that undergo radioactive decay. A few examples include:

1. Krypton-81: This radioisotope has a half-life of about 2.1 x 10^5 years and decays via electron capture to rubidium-81. It is produced naturally in the atmosphere by cosmic rays.
2. Krypton-83: With a half-life of approximately 85.7 days, this radioisotope decays via beta decay to bromine-83. It can be used in medical imaging for lung ventilation studies.
3. Krypton-85: This radioisotope has a half-life of about 10.7 years and decays via beta decay to rubidium-85. It is produced as a byproduct of nuclear fission and can be found in trace amounts in the atmosphere.
4. Krypton-87: With a half-life of approximately 76.3 minutes, this radioisotope decays via beta decay to rubidium-87. It is not found naturally on Earth but can be produced artificially.

It's important to note that while krypton radioisotopes have medical applications, they are also associated with potential health risks due to their radioactivity. Proper handling and safety precautions must be taken when working with these substances.

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is a type of lung disorder that is characterized by the presence of inflammation and scarring in the lungs. The term "cryptogenic" means that the cause of the condition is unknown or unclear.

Organizing pneumonia is a specific pattern of injury to the lungs that can be caused by various factors, including infections, medications, and autoimmune disorders. However, in cases of COP, there is no clear underlying cause that can be identified.

The main symptoms of COP include cough, shortness of breath, fever, and fatigue. The condition can also cause crackles or wheezing sounds when listening to the lungs with a stethoscope. Diagnosis of COP typically involves a combination of imaging studies, such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and lung biopsy.

Treatment for COP usually involves the use of corticosteroids, which can help to reduce inflammation and improve symptoms. In some cases, other medications may also be used to manage the condition. The prognosis for people with COP is generally good, with most individuals responding well to treatment and experiencing improvement in their symptoms over time. However, recurrence of the condition is possible, and long-term monitoring may be necessary.

Dose fractionation is a medical term that refers to the practice of dividing the total dose of radiation therapy or chemotherapy into smaller doses, which are given over a longer period. This approach allows for the delivery of a higher total dose of treatment while minimizing damage to healthy tissues and reducing side effects.

In radiation therapy, fractionation is used to target cancer cells while sparing surrounding normal tissues. By delivering smaller doses of radiation over several treatments, healthy tissue has time to recover between treatments, reducing the risk of complications. The number and size of fractions can vary depending on the type and location of the tumor, as well as other factors such as the patient's overall health.

Similarly, in chemotherapy, dose fractionation is used to maximize the effectiveness of the treatment while minimizing toxicity. By administering smaller doses of chemotherapy over time, the body has a chance to recover between treatments, reducing side effects and allowing for higher total doses to be given. The schedule and duration of chemotherapy fractionation may vary depending on the type of drug used, the type and stage of cancer, and other factors.

Overall, dose fractionation is an important technique in both radiation therapy and chemotherapy that allows for more effective treatment while minimizing harm to healthy tissues.

Radiotherapy, also known as radiation therapy, is a medical treatment that uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells, shrink tumors, and prevent the growth and spread of cancer. The radiation can be delivered externally using machines or internally via radioactive substances placed in or near the tumor. Radiotherapy works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which prevents them from dividing and growing. Normal cells are also affected by radiation, but they have a greater ability to repair themselves compared to cancer cells. The goal of radiotherapy is to destroy as many cancer cells as possible while minimizing damage to healthy tissue.

'Radiation injuries, experimental' is not a widely recognized medical term. However, in the field of radiation biology and medicine, it may refer to the study and understanding of radiation-induced damage using various experimental models (e.g., cell cultures, animal models) before applying this knowledge to human health situations. These experiments aim to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms' biological processes, tissue responses, and potential therapeutic interventions. The findings from these studies contribute to the development of medical countermeasures, diagnostic tools, and treatment strategies for accidental or intentional radiation exposures in humans.

Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung (NSCLC) is a type of lung cancer that includes several subtypes of malignant tumors arising from the epithelial cells of the lung. These subtypes are classified based on the appearance of the cancer cells under a microscope and include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. NSCLC accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers and tends to grow and spread more slowly than small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

NSCLC is often asymptomatic in its early stages, but as the tumor grows, symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, shortness of breath, hoarseness, and weight loss may develop. Treatment options for NSCLC depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health and lung function. Common treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Pneumonia is an infection or inflammation of the alveoli (tiny air sacs) in one or both lungs. It's often caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Accumulated pus and fluid in these air sacs make it difficult to breathe, which can lead to coughing, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to life-threatening, depending on the underlying cause, the patient's overall health, and age. Pneumonia is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays or blood tests. Treatment usually involves antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, antivirals for viral pneumonia, and supportive care like oxygen therapy, hydration, and rest.

A lung is a pair of spongy, elastic organs in the chest that work together to enable breathing. They are responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. The left lung has two lobes, while the right lung has three lobes. The lungs are protected by the ribcage and are covered by a double-layered membrane called the pleura. The trachea divides into two bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles, leading to millions of tiny air sacs called alveoli, where the exchange of gases occurs.

Radiosurgery is a non-invasive surgical procedure that uses precisely focused beams of radiation to treat various medical conditions, primarily in the field of neurosurgery and oncology. It allows for the destruction of targeted tissue while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy structures. Unlike traditional surgery, radiosurgery does not require any incisions, as it delivers radiation through the skin to reach the intended target.

The term "stereotactic" is often associated with radiosurgery, which refers to the use of a three-dimensional coordinate system to precisely locate and target the affected area. This technique enables high doses of radiation to be delivered accurately and efficiently, maximizing therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing side effects.

Radiosurgery can be used to treat various conditions such as brain tumors (both malignant and benign), arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), trigeminal neuralgia, acoustic neuromas, pituitary adenomas, and spinal cord tumors. Common radiosurgery platforms include the Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, and linear accelerator-based systems like Novalis Tx or TrueBeam.

It is essential to note that although it is called "surgery," radiosurgery does not involve any physical incisions or removal of tissue. Instead, it relies on the destructive effects of high-dose radiation to ablate or damage targeted cells over time, leading to their eventual death and resolution of symptoms or tumor control.

High-energy radiotherapy, also known as external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), is a type of cancer treatment that uses high-energy radiation beams to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors. The radiation beams are produced by a machine called a linear accelerator (LINAC) and are directed at the tumor site from outside the body. High-energy radiotherapy can be used to treat many different types of cancer, either alone or in combination with other treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy.

The high-energy radiation beams used in this type of radiotherapy are able to penetrate deep into the body and target large areas, making it an effective treatment for cancers that have spread or are too large to be removed surgically. The dose and duration of treatment will depend on the type and stage of cancer being treated, as well as the patient's overall health.

High-energy radiotherapy works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, which prevents them from dividing and growing. This ultimately leads to the death of the cancer cells. While radiation therapy can also damage normal cells, they are generally better able to repair themselves compared to cancer cells. Therefore, the goal of high-energy radiotherapy is to deliver a high enough dose to destroy the cancer cells while minimizing harm to surrounding healthy tissue.

It's important to note that high-energy radiotherapy requires careful planning and delivery to ensure that the radiation beams are focused on the tumor site and avoid healthy tissues as much as possible. This is typically done using imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, or PET scans to create a treatment plan that maps out the exact location and shape of the tumor. The patient will then undergo a series of treatments, usually scheduled daily over several weeks.

Thoracic radiography is a type of diagnostic imaging that involves using X-rays to produce images of the chest, including the lungs, heart, bronchi, great vessels, and the bones of the spine and chest wall. It is a commonly used tool in the diagnosis and management of various respiratory, cardiovascular, and thoracic disorders such as pneumonia, lung cancer, heart failure, and rib fractures.

During the procedure, the patient is positioned between an X-ray machine and a cassette containing a film or digital detector. The X-ray beam is directed at the chest, and the resulting image is captured on the film or detector. The images produced can help identify any abnormalities in the structure or function of the organs within the chest.

Thoracic radiography may be performed as a routine screening test for certain conditions, such as lung cancer, or it may be ordered when a patient presents with symptoms suggestive of a respiratory or cardiovascular disorder. It is a safe and non-invasive procedure that can provide valuable information to help guide clinical decision making and improve patient outcomes.

Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that carries enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, which means it can knock electrons out of their orbits and create ions. These charged particles can cause damage to living tissue and DNA, making ionizing radiation dangerous to human health. Examples of ionizing radiation include X-rays, gamma rays, and some forms of subatomic particles such as alpha and beta particles. The amount and duration of exposure to ionizing radiation are important factors in determining the potential health effects, which can range from mild skin irritation to an increased risk of cancer and other diseases.

Computer-assisted radiotherapy planning (CARP) is the use of computer systems and software to assist in the process of creating a treatment plan for radiotherapy. The goal of radiotherapy is to deliver a precise and effective dose of radiation to a tumor while minimizing exposure to healthy tissue. CARP involves using imaging data, such as CT or MRI scans, to create a 3D model of the patient's anatomy. This model is then used to simulate the delivery of radiation from different angles and determine the optimal treatment plan. The use of computers in this process allows for more accurate and efficient planning, as well as the ability to easily adjust the plan as needed.

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a type of external beam radiation therapy that uses advanced technology to precisely target tumors while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues. In IMRT, the intensity of the radiation beam is modulated or varied during treatment, allowing for more conformal dose distributions and better sparing of normal structures. This is achieved through the use of computer-controlled linear accelerators that shape the radiation beam to match the three-dimensional shape of the tumor. The result is improved treatment accuracy, reduced side effects, and potentially higher cure rates compared to conventional radiotherapy techniques.

Combined modality therapy (CMT) is a medical treatment approach that utilizes more than one method or type of therapy simultaneously or in close succession, with the goal of enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. In the context of cancer care, CMT often refers to the combination of two or more primary treatment modalities, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapies (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc.).

The rationale behind using combined modality therapy is that each treatment method can target cancer cells in different ways, potentially increasing the likelihood of eliminating all cancer cells and reducing the risk of recurrence. The specific combination and sequence of treatments will depend on various factors, including the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and individual preferences.

For example, a common CMT approach for locally advanced rectal cancer may involve preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemoradiation therapy, followed by surgery to remove the tumor, and then postoperative (adjuvant) chemotherapy. This combined approach allows for the reduction of the tumor size before surgery, increases the likelihood of complete tumor removal, and targets any remaining microscopic cancer cells with systemic chemotherapy.

It is essential to consult with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals to determine the most appropriate CMT plan for each individual patient, considering both the potential benefits and risks associated with each treatment method.

X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging method that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of the body. These cross-sectional images can then be used to display detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body.

The term "computed tomography" is used instead of "CT scan" or "CAT scan" because the machines take a series of X-ray measurements from different angles around the body and then use a computer to process these data to create detailed images of internal structures within the body.

CT scanning is a noninvasive, painless medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. CT imaging provides detailed information about many types of tissue including lung, bone, soft tissue and blood vessels. CT examinations can be performed on every part of the body for a variety of reasons including diagnosis, surgical planning, and monitoring of therapeutic responses.

In computed tomography (CT), an X-ray source and detector rotate around the patient, measuring the X-ray attenuation at many different angles. A computer uses this data to construct a cross-sectional image by the process of reconstruction. This technique is called "tomography". The term "computed" refers to the use of a computer to reconstruct the images.

CT has become an important tool in medical imaging and diagnosis, allowing radiologists and other physicians to view detailed internal images of the body. It can help identify many different medical conditions including cancer, heart disease, lung nodules, liver tumors, and internal injuries from trauma. CT is also commonly used for guiding biopsies and other minimally invasive procedures.

In summary, X-ray computed tomography (CT or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique that uses computer-processed combinations of many X-ray images taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional images of the body. It provides detailed internal views of organs, bones, and soft tissues in the body, allowing physicians to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) in the interstitium, the tissue and space around the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. The interstitium is where the blood vessels that deliver oxygen to the lungs are located. ILDs can be caused by a variety of factors, including environmental exposures, medications, connective tissue diseases, and autoimmune disorders.

The scarring and inflammation in ILDs can make it difficult for the lungs to expand and contract normally, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, cough, and fatigue. The scarring can also make it harder for oxygen to move from the air sacs into the bloodstream.

There are many different types of ILDs, including:

* Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): a type of ILD that is caused by unknown factors and tends to progress rapidly
* Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an ILD that is caused by an allergic reaction to inhaled substances, such as mold or bird droppings
* Connective tissue diseases: ILDs can be a complication of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma
* Sarcoidosis: an inflammatory disorder that can affect multiple organs, including the lungs
* Asbestosis: an ILD caused by exposure to asbestos fibers

Treatment for ILDs depends on the specific type of disease and its underlying cause. Some treatments may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications, and oxygen therapy. In some cases, a lung transplant may be necessary.

Radiation tolerance, in the context of medicine and particularly radiation oncology, refers to the ability of tissues or organs to withstand and recover from exposure to ionizing radiation without experiencing significant damage or loss of function. It is often used to describe the maximum dose of radiation that can be safely delivered to a specific area of the body during radiotherapy treatments.

Radiation tolerance varies depending on the type and location of the tissue or organ. For example, some tissues such as the brain, spinal cord, and lungs have lower radiation tolerance than others like the skin or bone. Factors that can affect radiation tolerance include the total dose of radiation, the fractionation schedule (the number and size of radiation doses), the volume of tissue treated, and the individual patient's overall health and genetic factors.

Assessing radiation tolerance is critical in designing safe and effective radiotherapy plans for cancer patients, as excessive radiation exposure can lead to serious side effects such as radiation-induced injury, fibrosis, or even secondary malignancies.

Medical Definition:

Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles that cause ionization, which can occur naturally (e.g., sunlight) or be produced artificially (e.g., x-rays, radioisotopes). In medicine, radiation is used diagnostically and therapeutically in various forms, such as X-rays, gamma rays, and radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat diseases like cancer. However, excessive exposure to radiation can pose health risks, including radiation sickness and increased risk of cancer.

Radiation protection, also known as radiation safety, is a field of study and practice that aims to protect people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. It involves various measures and techniques used to minimize or eliminate exposure to ionizing radiation, such as:

1. Time: Reducing the amount of time spent near a radiation source.
2. Distance: Increasing the distance between oneself and a radiation source.
3. Shielding: Using materials that can absorb or block radiation to reduce exposure.
4. Containment: Preventing the release of radiation into the environment.
5. Training and education: Providing information and training to individuals who work with radiation sources.
6. Dosimetry and monitoring: Measuring and monitoring radiation doses received by individuals and populations.
7. Emergency planning and response: Developing plans and procedures for responding to radiation emergencies or accidents.

Radiation protection is an important consideration in various fields, including medicine, nuclear energy, research, and manufacturing, where ionizing radiation sources are used or produced.

Antineoplastic combined chemotherapy protocols refer to a treatment plan for cancer that involves the use of more than one antineoplastic (chemotherapy) drug given in a specific sequence and schedule. The combination of drugs is used because they may work better together to destroy cancer cells compared to using a single agent alone. This approach can also help to reduce the likelihood of cancer cells becoming resistant to the treatment.

The choice of drugs, dose, duration, and frequency are determined by various factors such as the type and stage of cancer, patient's overall health, and potential side effects. Combination chemotherapy protocols can be used in various settings, including as a primary treatment, adjuvant therapy (given after surgery or radiation to kill any remaining cancer cells), neoadjuvant therapy (given before surgery or radiation to shrink the tumor), or palliative care (to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival).

It is important to note that while combined chemotherapy protocols can be effective in treating certain types of cancer, they can also cause significant side effects, including nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue, and an increased risk of infection. Therefore, patients undergoing such treatment should be closely monitored and managed by a healthcare team experienced in administering chemotherapy.

Radiation monitoring is the systematic and continuous measurement, assessment, and tracking of ionizing radiation levels in the environment or within the body to ensure safety and to take appropriate actions when limits are exceeded. It involves the use of specialized instruments and techniques to detect and quantify different types of radiation, such as alpha, beta, gamma, neutron, and x-rays. The data collected from radiation monitoring is used to evaluate radiation exposure, contamination levels, and potential health risks for individuals or communities. This process is crucial in various fields, including nuclear energy production, medical imaging and treatment, radiation therapy, and environmental protection.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

"Radiation pneumonitis". Radiation Emergency Medical Management. "Time Phases of Acute Radiation Syndrome - Radiation Emergency ... radiation pneumonitis) and later complications of chronic scarring (radiation fibrosis). Pulmonary radiation injury most ... and radiation pneumonitis can occur leading to pulmonary insufficiency and death (100% after exposure to 50 gray of radiation ... Radiation pneumonitis is characterized by: Loss of epithelial cells Edema Inflammation Occlusions airways, air sacs and blood ...
... including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis, acute interstitial pneumonitis, and chemical pneumonitis. These ... Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis Radiation Pneumonitis Chemical Pneumonitis "pneumonitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary ... Radiation, used to treat cancer, can cause pneumonitis when applied to the chest or full body. Radiation pneumonitis occurs in ... oxford) Radiation Pneumonitis, also known as Radiation Induced Lung Injury, describes the initial damage done to the lung ...
Radiation fibrosis, usually from the radiation given for cancer treatment. Certain drugs such as amiodarone, bleomycin and ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to an allergic reaction to inhaled particles. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a ... or from having the alveoli air spaces filled with external material such as debris or exudate in pneumonitis. As some diseases ...
"Fatal pneumonitis associated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for mesothelioma". International Journal of Radiation ... The entire hemithorax is treated with radiation therapy, often given simultaneously with chemotherapy. Delivering radiation and ... Radiation therapy, when given alone with curative intent, has never been shown to improve survival from mesothelioma. The ... For patients with localized disease, and who can tolerate a radical surgery, radiation can be given post-operatively as a ...
Pulmonary radiation injury. Chest. 1997 Apr;111(4):1061-76. Review. Tsoutsou PG, Koukourakis MI. Radiation pneumonitis and ... Non-small cell lung cancer therapy-related pulmonary toxicity: an update on radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis. Semin Oncol. ... Radiation (radiotherapy) is frequently used for the treatment of many cancer types, and can be highly effective. Unfortunately ... Radiation-induced and chemotherapy-induced pulmonary injury. Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Jul;13(4):242-8. Review. Vassallo P, Trohman ...
Rodrigues, George; Lock, Michael; D'Souza, David; Yu, Edward; Van Dyk, Jake (May 2004). "Prediction of radiation pneumonitis by ... A dose-volume histogram (DVH) is a histogram relating radiation dose to tissue volume in radiation therapy planning. DVHs are ... In modern radiation therapy, 3D dose distributions are typically created in a computerized treatment planning system (TPS) ... The "volume" referred to in DVH analysis is a target of radiation treatment, a healthy organ nearby a target, or an arbitrary ...
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis EVALI Radiation pneumonitis Acute interstitial pneumonitis Desquamative interstitial pneumonia ... Radiation pneumonitis, a side effect of pulmonary radiation therapy, can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and diffuse GGOs. There are ... hypersensitivity pneumonitis, aspiration pneumonitis, cholesterol granulomas, and pulmonary capillary hemangiomastosis. A ... CT image showing mosaic attenuation pattern in patient with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Note the alternating, patchy areas of ...
Chemical pneumonitis is severe if aspirated content is acidic and aspirated gastric acid - pH less than 2.5 - can inflame ... Numerous categories of ionizing radiation, chemicals and mixtures, occupational exposures, metals, dust and fibers have been ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP; also called allergic alveolitis, bagpipe lung, or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, EAA) is an ... Selman, Moisés; Pardo, Annie; King, Talmadge E. (2012-12-14). "Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis". American Journal of Respiratory ...
... to fatal events such as pneumonitis or hemorrhage. Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, administers very high doses of radiation ... Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT), also called stereotactic external-beam radiation therapy and stereotaxic radiation ... The total dose of radiation is divided into several smaller doses given over several days. Stereotactic radiation therapy is ... The end result is the delivery of high doses of radiation with sub-millimetre accuracy. Stereotactic External-Beam radiation ...
... chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhan's cell histiocytosis and radiation-induced lung injury. Idiopathic ... IPF was the most common diagnosis (28%) followed by connective tissue disease-related ILD (14%), hypersensitivity pneumonitis ( ... Examples of ILD of known cause include hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary Langerhan's cell histiocytosis, asbestosis, and ...
The interstitial pneumonitis is not dose-dependent, but is more common in patients with underlying lung disease. There have ... Sirolimus may increase an individual's risk for contracting skin cancers from exposure to sunlight or UV radiation, and risk of ... Paris A, Goupil F, Kernaonet E, Foulet-Rogé A, Molinier O, Gagnadoux F, Lebas FX (January 2012). "[Drug-induced pneumonitis due ... The mechanism of the interstitial pneumonitis caused by sirolimus and other macrolide MTOR inhibitors is unclear, and may have ...
The following year they granted him a five-year contract to investigate the effects of low-level radiation on half a million ... In 1970, Mancuso published his study that concluded that beryllium-associated pneumonitis and bronchitis was related to ... Kneale, G. W.; Mancuso, T. F.; Stewart, A. M. (May 1, 1981). "Hanford radiation study III: a cohort study of the cancer risks ... When in 1974 the AEC asked Mancuso to dispute findings that low-level radiation did not cause cancer, Mancuso refused, and his ...
... possibly resulting in radiation pneumonitis. Lung dose >30 gray means increased risk of such pneumonitis. Initial angiographic ... The radiation sensitivity of the liver parenchyma limits the radiation dose that can be delivered via external beam ... Complications due to extrahepatic deposition include radiation pneumonitis, gastrointestinal ulcers and vascular injury. ... The segmental approach, also called radiation segmentectomy, is a technique where a high dose of radiation is delivered in one ...
... radiation induced gastritis and gastrointestinal ulceration), radiation induced pancreatitis, dermatitis, pneumonitis and ... Radiation lobectomy is a form of radiation therapy used in interventional radiology to treat liver cancer. It is performed in ... which serves as a proxy in assessing the risk of developing radiation pneumonitis. The dose of yttrium-90 to be infused is ... Radiation lobectomy: after gaining femoral artery access and advancing a catheter in the right hepatic artery (most often), 90Y ...
HME syndrome Acute interstitial pneumonitis Acute motor axonal neuropathy acute platelet activation syndrome Acute radiation ...
... radiation pneumonitis MeSH C08.381.483.725 - sarcoidosis, pulmonary MeSH C08.381.483.950 - granulomatosis with polyangiitis ...
... agents 508.0 Acute pulmonary manifestations due to radiation 508.1 Chronic and other pulmonary manifestations due to radiation ... unspecified 506 Respiratory conditions due to chemical fumes and vapors 507 Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids 508 ...
Underactive thyroid Overactive thyroid Low blood sodium Runny nose Pneumonitis, radiation pneumonitis, acute respiratory ... QT interval prolongation Angiooedema Anaphylactic reaction Hepatitis Radiation recall dermatitis Stevens-Johnson syndrome ...
... radiation injuries, experimental MeSH C21.866.733.762 - radiation pneumonitis MeSH C21.866.733.804 - radiodermatitis MeSH ... radiation-induced MeSH C21.866.733.345 - leukemia, radiation-induced MeSH C21.866.733.476 - neoplasms, radiation-induced MeSH ...
The deep blue version of aquamarine is called maxixe (pronounced mah-she-she). Its color results from a radiation-induced color ... Beryl is a beryllium compound that is a known carcinogen with acute toxic effects leading to pneumonitis when inhaled. Care ...
Hair loss Interstitial pneumonitis Rash Itching Irreversible bone marrow failure due to melphalan not being withdrawn early ... or lung that is amenable to resection or radiation. Common side effects include: Nausea Bone marrow suppression, including ...
... or locally advanced CSCC who are not candidates for curative surgery or curative radiation. It was approved for medical use in ... pneumonitis (inflammation in the lungs causing shortness of breath and cough), skin reactions, hyperthyroidism (an overactive ... or locally advanced CSCC who are not candidates for curative surgery or curative radiation. Cemiplimab is associated with side ...
Pneumonitis refers to lung inflammation; pneumonia refers to pneumonitis, usually due to infection but sometimes non-infectious ... Ultrasound is radiation free and can be done at bedside. However, ultrasound requires specific skills to operate the machine ... However, CT scans are more expensive, have a higher dose of radiation, and cannot be done at bedside. Lung ultrasound may also ... It is a type of pneumonitis (lung inflammation). The normal flora of the upper airway give protection by competing with ...
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a less severe form of pulmonary fibrosis, is prevented from becoming aggravated by avoiding ... and nitrofurantoin Radiation therapy to the chest Pulmonary fibrosis involves a gradual replacement of normal lung tissue with ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, most often resulting from inhaling dust contaminated with bacterial, fungal, or animal products ...
Camus P, Fanton A, Bonniaud P, Camus C, Foucher P (2004). "Interstitial lung disease induced by drugs and radiation". ... Robain A, Perchet H, Fuhrman C (February 2000). "Flecainide-associated pneumonitis with acute respiratory failure in a patient ...
... and radiation pneumonitis can occur leading to pulmonary insufficiency and death (100% after exposure to 50 Gray of radiation ... This radiation can be classified into two groups: initial radiation and residual radiation. Initial radiation is emitted during ... cause of burns is thermal radiation and not caused by ionizing radiation. Thermal burns from infrared heat radiation, these ... Radiation pneumonitis is characterized by: Loss of epithelial cells Edema Inflammation Occlusions of airways, air sacs and ...
Radical radiotherapy, initially used in the 1950s, was an attempt to use larger radiation doses in patients with relatively ... including interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, and adult respiratory distress syndrome; capillary ... SCLC, in contrast, usually initially responds well to chemotherapy and/or radiation, but has usually metastasized widely by the ... An animal tumor model demonstrated improved survival after combined treatment with RFA and radiation therapy compared to either ...
Examples of immune-mediated adverse reactions include immune-mediated pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, adrenal insufficiency, ... on or following a prior platinum-containing regimen in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. ... Immune-mediated adverse reactions can occur including pneumonitis, colitis, hepatitis, endocrine disease (endocrinopathies), ...
... pneumonitis and hepatitis, respiratory failure, and sudden death [n=1 each]), six (2%) patients in the durvalumab plus platinum ... "A Study of MEDI9197 in Subjects With Solid Tumors or CTCL and in Combination With Durvalumab and/or Palliative Radiation in ... III non-small cell lung cancer whose disease has not progressed following concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy and radiation ...
Inhalation of cadmium fumes can result initially in metal fume fever, but may progress to chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema ... Radiation Detection and Measurement. Wiley. p. 505. ISBN 978-0-471-07338-3. Padmanabhan, T. (2001). "Stellar Nucleosynthesis". ...
... in the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) caused by external-beam radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Studies ... in the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) caused by external-beam radiation therapy. ... Prediction of Radiation Pneumonitis by Dose-volume Histogram Parameters in Lung Cancer--A Systematic Review ...
Radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) is a type of radiation induced lung injury that develops in a previously irradiated lung ... 5Department of Radiation Oncology, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. ...
There is a specific phenomenon, radiation recall pneumonitis, where patients who receive radiation to the chest followed by ... Lay abstract When patients undergo radiation to the chest there is a risk of inflammation to the lung tissue called pneumonitis ... This paper reviews the existing body of literature and describes a case of radiation recall pneumonitis seen in our practice. ... checkpoint inhibitors experience pneumonitis only in the lung fields that were exposed to previous radiation. ...
Aspiration Pneumonitis and Pneumonia * Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (Nosocomial Pneumonia) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia ...
... biological effects of ionising radiation or radiobiology - experimental studies (dosimetry, reactor physics, radiochemistry), ... Radiation damage to the lung: is fibrosis an independent process or consequently to early pneumonitis?. J. Hopewell1, J. Liu ... Thus, given appropriate exposure conditions, late radiation changes in lung can develop independently of early pneumonitis. ... Identification of potential molecular mechanisms of radiation pneumonitis development in non-small-cell lung cancer treatment ...
... toxic lung injuries and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, eosinophilic pneumonia, drug or radiation-induced pulmonary disease, and ...
Ipsilateral lung dose as a correlative measure for radiation pneumonitis in patients treated with definitive concurrent ... Ipsilateral lung dose as a correlative measure for radiation pneumonitis in patients treat ... have been the most validated parameters in the prediction of radiation pneumonitis (RP). However, these parameters present mean ... Erim E; Department of Radiation, Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Konak, Izmir, Turkey ...
Keywords: radiation pneumonitis; ERCC1; ERCC2; XRCC1; lung cancer. Received: June 02, 2017 Accepted: November 08, 2017 ... Association of DNA repair gene polymorphisms with the risk of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients. ... The association of developing radiation pneumonitis (RP) with genetic polymorphism was evaluated. The risks of four polymorphic ... 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China ...
A randomized trial of induction chemotherapy plus high-dose radiation versus radiation alone in stage III non-small-cell lung ... Effectiveness of radiation therapy alone for elderly patients with unresected stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer ... 2] Stereotactic radiation is a reasonable option for lung cancer treatment among those who are not candidates for surgery. [3] ... Adjuvant radiation therapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Executive summary of an American Society for ...
Do you want to purchase Radiation online ?, Tamoxifen radiation pneumonitis. Publicado por philip em ...
"Radiation pneumonitis". Radiation Emergency Medical Management. "Time Phases of Acute Radiation Syndrome - Radiation Emergency ... radiation pneumonitis) and later complications of chronic scarring (radiation fibrosis). Pulmonary radiation injury most ... and radiation pneumonitis can occur leading to pulmonary insufficiency and death (100% after exposure to 50 gray of radiation ... Radiation pneumonitis is characterized by: Loss of epithelial cells Edema Inflammation Occlusions airways, air sacs and blood ...
PREDICTING RADIATION PNEUMONITIS WITH MACHINE LEARNING IN LOCAL ADVANCED STAGE LUNG CANCER: A PILOT STUDY ... Predicting radiation pneumonitis in locally advanced stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer using machine learning. ...
Partial breast radiation therapy uses high-powered x-rays to kill breast cancer cells. This type of treatment does not target ... Partial breast radiation therapy uses high-powered x-rays to kill breast cancer cells. This type of treatment does not target ... In rare cases, rib fractures, heart problems (more likely for left breast radiation), or lung inflammation (called pneumonitis ... Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) Before you have any radiation treatment, you will meet with the radiation ...
... supporting suspicion for radiation-induced pneumonitis.. Corticosteroids are often used to improve symptomatic pneumonitis. To ... Kim M, Lee J, Ha B, Lee R, Lee KJ, Suh H. Factors predicting radiation pneumonitis in locally advanced non-small cell lung ... Radiation pneumonitis is observed clinically in 10% to 20% of patients receiving concurrent CRT for locally advanced nonsmall ... Radiation pneumonitis, although well documented, continues to be poorly understood and difficult to predict, but may prove ...
Radiation pneumonitis (RP) occurs in some patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy. RP often self-resolves, but when ... N2 - Radiation pneumonitis (RP) occurs in some patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy. RP often self-resolves, but ... AB - Radiation pneumonitis (RP) occurs in some patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy. RP often self-resolves, but ... abstract = "Radiation pneumonitis (RP) occurs in some patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy. RP often self-resolves ...
Pneumonitis is a condition where inhaling certain substances leads to an allergic reaction in the lungs. Triggers include mold ... radiation treatment, usually when targeting the chest area. *drugs and antibiotics, including some used in chemotherapy or to ... Pneumonitis has many risk factors associated with it.. Due to the ease with which it can develop, pneumonitis is often linked ... Pneumonitis can cause permanent damage to the lungs if it is not treated early. As a result, it is best to see a doctor before ...
Radiation pneumonitis. 1. Varicella pneumonia. 10. CS tear gas intoxication. 6. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. ...
... or radiation (3). Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, targets a B-cell surface molecule, CD20. Recently, several case reports ... CMV pneumonitis is a common presentation of CMV disease in immunocompromised patients. Host factors, such as presence of ... We report acute cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in a patient with LYG. In May 2005, a 40-year-old woman with no history of systemic ... Wu S, Tsai T, Wu S. Acute Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis in Patient with Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis. Emerging Infectious Diseases ...
... one patient died of radiation pneumonitis. Median and 5-year overall survival for patients randomly assigned to resection ...
Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Might Help to Reduce the Development of Symptomatic Radiation Pneumonitis After ... Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Might Help to Reduce the Development of Symptomatic Radiation Pneumonitis After ...
... the relation between radiation pneumonitis (RP) and a wide spectrum of clinical, radiographic and treatment-related factors was ... Severe radiation pneumonitis after lung stereotactic ablative radiation therapy in patients with interstitial lung disease ... Interstitial lung change in pre-radiation therapy computed tomography is a risk factor for severe radiation pneumonitis ... sIntroductionsRadiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the clinically most common toxicities of radiation therapy for lung cancer. ...
Risk factors for radiation pneumonitis caused by whole breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery ... Risk factors for radiation pneumonitis caused by whole breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery ... We evaluated risk factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after whole breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery. ... The lung volume within the radiation field was shown to be a significant risk factor for RP and radiation-induced BOOP syndrome ...
Chung, Y., Yoon, H. I., Kim, Y. B., Ahn, S. K., Keum, K. C., & Suh, C. O. (2012). Radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer ... Chung, Y, Yoon, HI, Kim, YB, Ahn, SK, Keum, KC & Suh, CO 2012, Radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received ... T1 - Radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using the partially wide tangent technique after ... Radiation pneumonitis in breast cancer patients who received radiotherapy using the partially wide tangent technique after ...
Pneumonitis rates were similar in patients with and without prior thoracic radiation. Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of ... The incidence is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. Immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% ( ... Pneumonitis resolved in 59% of the 94 patients. Pneumonitis occurred in 8% (31/389) of adult patients with cHL receiving ... Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis. ...
Pneumonitis rates were similar in patients with and without prior thoracic radiation. Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of ... The incidence is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. Immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% ( ... Pneumonitis resolved in 59% of the 94 patients. Pneumonitis occurred in 8% (31/389) of adult patients with cHL receiving ... Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis. ...
Pneumonitis rates were similar in patients with and without prior thoracic radiation. Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of ... The incidence is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. Immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% ( ... Pneumonitis resolved in 59% of the 94 patients. Pneumonitis occurred in 8% (31/389) of adult patients with cHL receiving ... Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis. ...
2019) Pneumonitis and fibrosis after breast cancer radiation. European Society for Medical Oncology ESMO Congress 2019; 2019-09 ... 2021) Pneumonitis and fibrosis after breast cancer radiotherapy: occurrence and treatment-related predictors. Acta Oncologica ... 2021) Pneumonitis and fibrosis after breast cancer radiotherapy: occurrence and treatment-related predictors. Acta Oncologica ... Imatinib may reduce chemotherapy-induced pneumonitis. A report on four cases from the SWENOTECA. Acta Oncologica Vitenskapelig ...
Pneumonitis rates were similar in patients with and without prior thoracic radiation. Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of ... The incidence is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. Immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% ( ... Pneumonitis resolved in 59% of the 94 patients. Pneumonitis occurred in 8% (31/389) of adult patients with cHL receiving ... Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis. ...
  • Radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) is a type of radiation induced lung injury that develops in a previously irradiated lung field and is triggered by administration of chemotherapeutic or immunomodulating agents. (bmj.com)
  • No history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, organizing pneumonia, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest CT. (swog.org)
  • Radiation damage to the lung: is fibrosis an independent process or consequently to early pneumonitis? (radioprotection.org)
  • A review of the literature shows that late lung fibrosis is always associated with an initial pneumonitis reaction. (radioprotection.org)
  • In general terms, such damage is divided into early inflammatory damage (radiation pneumonitis) and later complications of chronic scarring (radiation fibrosis). (wikipedia.org)
  • RILI may include early radiation-induced pneumonitis and advanced stage radiation-induced lung fibrosis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Radiation-induced pneumonitis and lung fibrosis are mostly observed in 4 to 30 weeks and 6 to 12 months after thoracic radiotherapy [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted. (swog.org)
  • Called radiation pneumonitis, this may cause shortness of breath and/or a cough. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Seminars in Radiation Oncology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yen, A & Westover, KD 2022, ' Case Report: Resolution of radiation pneumonitis with androgens and growth hormone ', Frontiers in Oncology , vol. 12, 948463. (elsevierpure.com)
  • RP was scored on a scale of 0 to 5, based on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/ European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer toxicity criteria. (elsevierpure.com)
  • International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology , 3 , 98-106. (scirp.org)
  • 2006) The Management of Respiratory Motion in Radiation Oncology Report of AAPM Task Group 76. (scirp.org)
  • Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 14, 65-75. (scirp.org)
  • Tell the radiation oncology team about any side effects you have, as most can be managed. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • An early dose-finding study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 7301 study was conducted from 1973 to 1978 and studied four different doses and schedules: 40 Gy split course, 40 Gy continuously, 50 Gy, and 60 Gy. (frontiersin.org)
  • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of the predictive ability of various dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters (V(dose), mean lung dose (MLD), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)) in the incidence of radiation pneumonitis (RP) caused by external-beam radiation therapy. (uwo.ca)
  • With immunotherapy taking a more prominent role in the treatment of several different malignancies and its own baseline risk of pneumonitis, it is important to explore the likelihood of RRP, specifically in those patients who have been previously treated with radiation therapy. (scienceopen.com)
  • Although chest CT scan disclosed dramatic resolution of the previously found nodular lung lesions, it also showed newly developed interstitial ground glass opacities ( Figure , panel B). A diagnosis of interstitial pneumonitis was considered. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory failure is the leading cause of death among patients with rapidly progressive interstitial pneumonitis related to CMV, especially among recipients of renal and bone marrow transplants ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The diseases cause inflammation or scarring of the lung tissue (interstitial lung disease) or result in filling of the air spaces with exudate and debris (pneumonitis). (medscape.com)
  • dNonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. (medscape.com)
  • Interstitial Pneumonitis: Withhold for acute onset of new or progressive unexplained pulmonary symptoms. (nih.gov)
  • Histologically, subacute HP is characterized by the presence of cellular bronchiolitis, noncaseating granulomas, and bronchiolocentric lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis. (ajronline.org)
  • H ypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a diffuse granulomatous interstitial lung disease caused by inhalation of various antigenic organic particles [ 1 ]. (ajronline.org)
  • A pattern of diffuse alveolar damage and temporally uniform, nonspecific, chronic interstitial pneumonitis may also be seen [ 1 , 3 ]. (ajronline.org)
  • Purpose: We assessed the risk of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in terms of dosimetric parameters in breast cancer patients, who received radiotherapy using the partially wide tangent technique (PWT), following breast conservation surgery (BCS). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Radiotherapy, the commonly used treatment for thoracic malignant tumor, can lead to severe complications in some patients, like radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). (hindawi.com)
  • Also known as radiotherapy, radiation therapy is the use of a controlled dose of radiation to kill or damage cancer cells so they cannot grow, multiply or spread. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • It is positioned in between surgery and conventional radiotherapy, and might replace more cumbersome traditional procedures like invasive surgery or long-lasting radiation treatments. (mdpi.com)
  • Any fluid filling the lungs can be a deadly complication of pneumonitis if it is not caught early and treated. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Pulmonary radiation injury most commonly occurs as a result of radiation therapy administered to treat cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] The lungs are a radiosensitive organ, and radiation pneumonitis can occur leading to pulmonary insufficiency and death (100% after exposure to 50 gray of radiation), in a few months. (wikipedia.org)
  • When patients undergo radiation to the chest there is a risk of inflammation to the lung tissue called pneumonitis. (scienceopen.com)
  • Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Radiation therapy may cause inflammation of the lungs. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Rapid radiographic onset of radiation pneumonitis was noted at 5 weeks after CRT (although clinical symptoms remained mild), and surgery was postponed. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • In this article, we take a look at the symptoms, causes, and treatments of pneumonitis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The symptoms of pneumonitis can vary in intensity, frequency, and the areas of the body that they affect. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • So people should look out for any of these symptoms if they suspect someone might be suffering from pneumonitis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Certain complications of pneumonitis or severe flares of symptoms in the lungs can cause respiratory issues. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If the factors that are causing the pneumonitis symptoms cannot be removed, adjusted or avoided, a doctor should also be seen for different treatment options. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Pneumonitis causes similar symptoms to many other lung conditions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Prednisolone was prescribed for suspected cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis, but her symptoms improved only partially. (cdc.gov)
  • For NSCLC, treatment aimed at making the signs and symptoms of cancer go away (curative course) may involve 20-30 radiation therapy sessions over 4-6 weeks. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • It is also known as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If you undergo a lung biopsy, the pathologist can confirm a diagnsosi of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis by findings in the lung tissue. (stanford.edu)
  • The purpose of this article is to illustrate the spectrum of pathologic and high-resolution CT features of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). (ajronline.org)
  • For Breast Cancer, Metastatic 'I was Diagnosed 9/2017 Stage 4 Metastatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma E+/P+ HER2- (spread to my adrenal glands, lymph nodes and Bones:spine, tailbone, sciatica, sacrum, ankles, wrists, & neck) Did 10 rounds radiation and lots of Chemo. (drugs.com)
  • la prise en charge du cancer col métastatique s'est enrichie depuis 2017 par la disponibilité des thérapies ciblées dans notre pays. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2003) Comparing Different NTCP Models That Predict the Incidence of Radiation Pneumonitis. (scirp.org)
  • Radiation can have short-term (acute) or long-term (later) side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We report acute cytomegalovirus pneumonitis in a patient with LYG. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute CMV pneumonitis was diagnosed. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the patient received mechanical ventilatory support, CMV intravenous immunoglobulin administration, and ganciclovir therapy, she died 5 days after the onset of acute CMV pneumonitis. (cdc.gov)
  • There is a specific phenomenon, radiation recall pneumonitis, where patients who receive radiation to the chest followed by checkpoint inhibitors experience pneumonitis only in the lung fields that were exposed to previous radiation. (scienceopen.com)
  • Radiation-Exposure related: Some people have had radiation exposure in their chest area, such as with breast cancer treatment. (stanford.edu)
  • These side effects vary depending on the dose of radiation, the number of treatments and the part of the chest treated. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • He received 6,300 cGy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in 35 fractions to his left lung mass, left hilar adenopathy, and paratracheal lymphadenopathy using 6-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) (Table 1) with weekly carboplatin AUC 5 on days 1 and 22 and weekly docetaxel 20mg/m2. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • This is called external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a general term for damage to the lungs as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pneumonitis happens when an allergic reaction occurs in the lungs after inhaling certain substances. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If left untreated, pneumonitis can be life-threatening, as it makes it harder for the heart to pump blood through the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Pneumonitis tends to occur when an irritating substance of any kind is introduced to the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Pneumonitis can cause permanent damage to the lungs if it is not treated early. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We evaluated risk factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after whole breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • This paper reviews the existing body of literature and describes a case of radiation recall pneumonitis seen in our practice. (scienceopen.com)
  • This case of radiation pneumonitis presented with minimal symptomatic change, no identifiable predictors of rapid pneumonitic response, and lung dose-volume histogram (DVH) criteria within institutionally acceptable limits. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • You are not radioactive after these radiation treatments. (medlineplus.gov)
  • I had 10 stereotactic body radiation treatments ( like cyber knife) to that lymph node. (cancer.org)
  • I have mostly coughed early in the mornings especially during radiation treatments. (cancer.org)
  • Palliative radiation therapy may involve up to about 10 treatments. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Ipsilateral lung dose as a correlative measure for radiation pneumonitis in patients treated with definitive concurrent radiochemotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Predictors of high-grade radiation pneumonitis following radiochemotherapy for locally advanced. (sagepub.com)
  • Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) precisely target beams of high-dose radiation from different angles onto the tumour. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Over the last 17 years, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has shown a high degree of safety and local control for stage I lung cancers and other localized malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Guy, Christopher 2023-02-14 00:00:00 sIntroductionsRadiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the clinically most common toxicities of radiation therapy for lung cancer. (sagepub.com)
  • Delivery of tumoricidal doses to the primary tumor and involved lymph nodes is balanced by treatment-related toxicities, namely esophagitis, pneumonitis, and cardiac injury. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is a not uncommon pneumonitis which can occur with radiation. (cancer.org)
  • Hello Ink, I am curious as to how pnemonitis could occur during radiation therapy.Is it because the cells which can help us fight infection are destroyed or lowered? (cancer.org)
  • Treatment commonly consists of corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, but a literature review did not demonstrate any benefit from corticosteroid therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, or radiation ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Radiation therapy plus surgery (for head and neck, laryngeal, or uterine cancer) or combined with chemotherapy and surgery (for sarcomas or breast, esophageal, lung, or rectal cancers) improves cure rates and allows for more limited surgery. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Low blood cell counts are more common if you receive chemotherapy at the same time as radiation therapy or if the treatment area includes the pelvic bones (where many blood cells are made). (cancer.ca)
  • Radiation therapy may be given on its own, after surgery or with chemotherapy (called chemoradiation). (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • The current standard of care for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) includes radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery in certain individualized cases. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, for patients with more locally advanced NSCLC, 5-year OS after treatment with definitive radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy remains modest, at approximately 15-20% ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Prior to the advent of cytotoxic chemotherapy, lung cancer at all stages was treated surgically or by radiation alone ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Presently, stage III lung cancer is managed with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery but the two major challenges in improving outcomes of the treatment of this disease remain local control and metastatic spread. (frontiersin.org)
  • A total of 149 lung cancer patients were recruited to receive intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). (oncotarget.com)
  • APBI targets a high dose of radiation only on or near the area where the breast tumor was removed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These side effects depend on the dose of radiation and how often you have the therapy. (medlineplus.gov)
  • How much hair loss you have and regrowth varies from person to person and depends on the dose of radiation. (cancer.ca)
  • It is a way of giving a very precise high dose of radiation therapy to small, early-stage NSCLC. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Prediction of Radiation Pneumonitis by Dose-volume Histogram Parameter" by George Rodrigues, Michael Lock et al. (uwo.ca)
  • Mean lung dose (MLD) and percent of total lung (TL) volume that receive a dose greater than 20 Gy (V20) have been the most validated parameters in the prediction of radiation pneumonitis (RP). (bvsalud.org)
  • It avoids exposing the surrounding tissue to radiation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The radiation dose to adjacent normal tissue can be limited by conformal technology, which reduces scatter at the field margins. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Electron beam radiation therapy has little tissue penetration and is best for skin or superficial cancers. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Radiation pneumonitis is observed clinically in 10% to 20% of patients receiving concurrent CRT for locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer, with a much higher percentage of patients exhibiting asymptomatic radiographic changes. (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • Radiation pneumonitis (RP) occurs in some patients treated with thoracic radiation therapy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CMV pneumonitis is a common presentation of CMV disease in immunocompromised patients. (cdc.gov)
  • KEYTRUDA was also granted accelerated approval in September 2019, and received full approval in July 2021, in combination with LENVIMA ® (lenvatinib) for the treatment of patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is not MSI-H or dMMR, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. (businesswire.com)
  • There have been few treatment advances for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma, which can be challenging to treat through surgery and radiation alone," said Dr. Quincy Chu, CCTG's study chair of the IND.227 trial/KEYNOTE-483 trial. (merck.com)
  • We also investigate the use of bone marrow derived stem cells in the reduction of radiation pneumonitis, one of the most common side effects observed in lung cancer patients after irradiation. (mcgill.ca)
  • By building on the proven concept of conventional chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced NSCLC with a subsequent radiation dose intensification to residual disease with SBRT concurrent with immunotherapy, we hope address the issues of metastatic and local failures. (frontiersin.org)
  • Predicting radiation pneumonitis in locally advanced stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer using machine learning. (ogu.edu.tr)
  • Radiation recall is an inflammatory skin reaction at a previously irradiated field subsequent to the administration of a variety of pharmacologic agents. (scienceopen.com)
  • In 2014 I went thru major debulking surgery, chemo (carboplatin/paclitaxel), and radiation (vaginal brachytherapy. (cancer.org)
  • The doctor felt the radiation would be easier on the body than taking chemo again. (cancer.org)
  • I had PET SCANS before treatment and just did another after a year and one month of Radiation, Chemo, and now Ibrance taken with letrozole I am in Remission! (drugs.com)
  • he's going in for his first chemo treatment this Friday, and they'll decide then whether or not to additionally do radiation therapy. (crossfit.com)
  • My dad was doing really great with treatment and even gained 30 lbs. while getting chemo and radiation. (crossfit.com)
  • Radiation recall pneumonitis (RRP) is an entity described as pneumonitis localized to a previously irradiated field after exposure to a systemic agent. (scienceopen.com)
  • Radiation recall: a well recognized but neglected phenomenon. (scienceopen.com)
  • Although skin has been the major site of radiation recall toxicity, instances involving other organ have been reported. (scienceopen.com)
  • The search terms 'radiation', 'recall', and 'toxicity' were used. (scienceopen.com)
  • The majority of the drugs commonly used in cancer therapy have been involved in the radiation recall phenomenon. (scienceopen.com)
  • permanently discontinue for signs of radiation recall. (nih.gov)
  • For this, we developed an animal (rat) model of radiation pneumonitis, and tested different administration routes of Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow. (mcgill.ca)
  • Radiation therapy to areas of bone marrow, such as the pelvis can cause anemia . (cancer.ca)
  • Surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation are the main treatment options for NSCLC. (medscape.com)
  • Before you have any radiation treatment, you will meet with the radiation oncologist. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The technicians will position you so the radiation targets the treatment area. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most often, you will receive radiation treatment for between 1 and 5 minutes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Restaging PET/CT at 5 weeks after treatment showed diffuse consolidation throughout the left-upper lobe associated with intense tracer uptake (SUVmax range, 6.8-8.5) consistent with radiation pneumonitis (Figure 2). (appliedradiationoncology.com)
  • This case study suggests a potential role for the use of androgens for the treatment of steroid-refractory RP after radiation therapy. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Review reports on the RP risk have summarised the findings for different parameters.s1,2sWhile the importance of different parameters can vary between studies, dosimetrical findings have been more consistent and led to commonly accepted recommendations for radiation treatment planning.s2sSeveral factors have recently found increasing interest for their potential association with RP. (sagepub.com)
  • Mageras, G.S. and Yorke, E. (2004) Deep Inspiration Breath Hold and Respiratory Gating Strategies for Reducing Organ Motion in Radiation Treatment. (scirp.org)
  • Radiation therapy damages cancer cells but can also damage healthy cells in the treatment area. (cancer.ca)
  • But some side effects may continue after treatment is over because it takes time for healthy cells to recover from the effects of radiation therapy. (cancer.ca)
  • It usually happens after a few weeks of radiation therapy and can get worse as treatment goes on. (cancer.ca)
  • Fatigue usually goes away gradually after treatment has ended, but some people continue to feel tired for several weeks or months after radiation therapy. (cancer.ca)
  • Skin problems are common with external radiation therapy because the radiation travels through the skin to reach the area being targeted for treatment. (cancer.ca)
  • Loss of appetite can start within the first few weeks of radiation therapy and can continue after treatment has ended. (cancer.ca)
  • Maintaining good nutrition during and after radiation therapy is important to help a person recover from treatment. (cancer.ca)
  • Nausea and vomiting can be a common side effect of external radiation therapy, especially if the treatment area includes the stomach and abdomen. (cancer.ca)
  • Before treatment starts, you will have a planning session at the radiation therapy centre to design a treatment plan for you. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Each treatment day, a radiation therapist will help you to lie on the treatment table and make sure you are in the correct position before leaving the room. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • The radiation treatment itself takes only a few minutes, but a session may last 10-20 minutes because of the time it takes to set up the machine. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • After mastectomy/ lymphodectomy was treated with radiation and hormone treatment. (drugs.com)
  • If doses of radiation are high enough, some cells may not be able to repair themselves. (cancer.ca)
  • Smaller doses of radiation usually result in temporary hair loss. (cancer.ca)
  • Proton therapy has advantages over gamma radiation therapy in that it deposits energy at a depth from the surface, whereas gamma radiation damages all tissues along the path of the beam. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Transfection with CXCR4 enhanced the quantity of transplanted HUMSCs in the radiation-induced injured lung tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • Different cells and tissues in the body cope differently with radiation. (cancer.ca)
  • Radiation therapy itself is painless, but the radiation may affect some tissues of the body and cause various side effects. (cancercouncil.com.au)
  • Therefore, in some cases, the whole breast may not need to receive radiation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Gamma radiation using a linear accelerator is the most common type of radiation therapy. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Hair loss (alopecia) or thinning of hair only happens in the area being treated with radiation therapy. (cancer.ca)
  • Combining radiation and immunotherapy: a new systemic therapy for solid tumors? (scienceopen.com)
  • 1993. Protective effects of chlorogenic acid, curcumin and beta-carotene against gamma-radiation-induced in vivo chromosomal damage. (cdc.gov)
  • Radiation therapy can also damage or kill healthy cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Less quantity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influences the therapeutic effects on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, given appropriate exposure conditions, late radiation changes in lung can develop independently of early pneumonitis. (radioprotection.org)