Radionuclide Generators
Radioisotopes
Radionuclide Imaging
Radionuclide Angiography
Performance of a 62Zn/62Cu generator in clinical trials of PET perfusion agent 62Cu-PTSM. (1/45)
The 62Zn/62Cu PET generator can be inexpensively produced and distributed from a single production site operating under typical good manufacturing practice guidelines. It therefore has the potential to greatly facilitate development of clinically practical PET. We report generator performance in a study in which 62Cu-pyruvaldehyde-bis(n4-methylthiosemicarbazone (PTSM) myocardial perfusion imaging is compared with 99mTc-sestamibi in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The 62Zn/62Cu generator is an improved version of a previously reported system that employs automated synthesis of 62Cu-PTSM. With this approach, the cumbersome step of 18C purification has been eliminated. METHODS: The 62Zn (9.3 h half-life) parent isotope is prepared by proton bombardment of natural copper at 33 MeV. A typical target irradiated with 37.5 microA/h is delivered by 12:00 PM on the day it is to be processed. Purified 62Zn obtained from the target is loaded onto the generator column in 2 mol/L HCl. The generator is eluted using an internal three-channel peristaltic pump, which delivers 2.25 mL eluant (1.8 mol/L NaCl, 0.2 mol/L HCl) through the generator column to elute the 62Cu in 40 s. The same pump simultaneously pumps an equal volume of buffer (0.4 mol/L NaOAc) and 1 mL ligand solution (2 ppm PTSM, 2% EtOH) passing it through a septum into a 35-cc syringe preloaded with 28 mL sterile water. This solution is thoroughly mixed by agitation of the syringe and injected as a bolus through a 0.2 microm filter. The generator is eluted twice before shipping, providing quality assurance samples, and shipped to the clinical site by overnight delivery. Complete quality assurance testing is performed the evening before the generator reaches the clinical site. RESULTS: A total of 34 generators have been produced and shipped to 2 clinical sites for a phase III Food and Drug Administration study. The load activity on the generators at 8:00 AM the day of clinical use was 1.7+/-0.2 GBq (46.7+/-5.6 mCi), and yield was 72%+/-16%. Breakthrough of 62Zn was undetectable by high-purity germanium spectroscopy for all units. Radiochemical purity was 95.4%+/-2.4%. Volume delivered, pH, sterility, and bacterial endotoxin tests yielded passing results on all generators. The entire process of generator production, from target receipt to generator shipment, took less than 6 h and cost approximately $1000, including shipping charges and cyclotron cost. A total of 68 patients were injected with 2 62Cu-PTSM doses, with a mean injected activity of 0.8+/-0.2 GBq (20.5+/-5.3 mCi) with no adverse side effects. CONCLUSION: Results of this work confirm that the 62Zn/62Cu generator is an easily produced, transportable, and inexpensive source of PET radiopharmaceuticals, which can expand the field of clinical PET imaging by providing radiopharmaceuticals to sites not associated with cyclotrons. (+info)Simple new method for effective concentration of 188Re solutions from alumina-based 188W-188Re generator. (2/45)
(188)Re is a useful generator-produced radioisotope currently under evaluation for a variety of therapeutic applications, including bone pain palliation and intravascular radiation therapy. Because the (188)W parent is available only in a relatively low specific activity (<0.15-0.19 GBq/mg) from reactor irradiation of enriched (186)W, relatively large volumes of 0.9% saline (>15 mL) are required for elution of the (188)Re daughter from traditional alumina-based (188)W-(188)Re generators. Because these large bolus volumes result in solutions with a relatively low specific volume activity of (188)Re (<1 GBq/mL for the 18.5-GBq generator), the availability of effective methods for eluent concentration is important. Our new approach is based on the use of 0.3 mol/L ammonium acetate as a representative salt of a weak acid instead of saline for generator elution. METHODS: After generator elution, the ammonium acetate generator eluent (15-20 mL) is passed through a tandem IC-H Plus cation (Dowex-H)-anion (QMA Light) column system. Exchange of ammonium cations with hydrogen ions on the cation column forms an acetic acid solution containing perrhenate anions from which the macroscopic levels of the acetate anion of the eluent have been effectively removed. Because perrhenic acid is fully dissociated at this pH, the QMA Light column specifically traps the (188)Re-perrhenate, which is subsequently eluted with a low volume (<1 mL) of saline. Concentration ratios greater than 20:1 are readily achieved with this method. RESULTS: A typical clinical-scale generator loaded with 19.2 GBq (188)W was used to validate the approach. Saline elution provided (188)Re in a 75%-80% yield. Although elution with 0.15 mol/L NH4OAc gave lower yields (55%-60%), use of 0.3 mol/L NH4OAc provided yields comparable with those of saline (70%-75%). (188)W parent breakthrough was not detected after passage of the bolus through the tandem concentration system. Bolus volumes of 15-20 mL, which initially contained as much as 11.1-14.8 GBq (188)Re, were readily concentrated to less than 1 mL saline using QMA Light cartridges. The generator was evaluated for more than 3 mo with no decrease in performance. CONCLUSION: This approach represents a simple, rapid, and effective method using inexpensive disposable components of concentrating solutions of (188)Re for preparation of therapeutic agents. (+info)Genotypes associated with virulence in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae. (3/45)
Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of riverine and estuarine environments and also is a facultative pathogen for humans. Genotyping can be useful in assessing the risk of contracting cholera, intestinal, or extraintestinal infections via drinking water and/or seafood. In this study, environmental isolates of V. cholerae were examined for the presence of ctxA, hlyA, ompU, stn/sto, tcpA, tcpI, toxR, and zot genes, using multiplex PCR. Based on tcpA and hlyA gene comparisons, the strains could be grouped into Classical and El Tor biotypes. The toxR, hlyA, and ompU genes were present in 100, 98.6, and 87.0% of the V. cholerae isolates, respectively. The CTX genetic element and toxin-coregulated pilus El Tor (tcpA ET) gene were present in all toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 strains examined in this study. Three of four nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains contained tcpA ET. Interestingly, among the isolates of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139, two had tcpA Classical, nine contained tcpA El Tor, three showed homology with both biotype genes, and four carried the ctxA gene. The stn/sto genes were present in 28.2% of the non-O1/non-O139 strains, in 10.5% of the toxigenic V. cholerae O1, and in 14.3% of the O139 serogroups. Except for stn/sto genes, all of the other genes studied occurred with high frequency in toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. Based on results of this study, surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in the aquatic environment, combined with genotype monitoring using ctxA, stn/sto, and tcpA ET genes, could be valuable in human health risk assessment. (+info)Federal regulations and reimbursement for PET. (4/45)
OBJECTIVE: The regulatory and reimbursement environment for PET has changed significantly over the past several years. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) findings of the safety and efficacy of key PET drugs have been published, as well as guidelines for the applications to produce PET drugs. In addition, the national Medicare coverage policy for PET has been expanded, most recently with additional indications and coverage restrictions added as of July 2001. The payment rates under the new Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (HOPPS) have been set for PET as well. This communication reviews these recent changes and discusses their impact on the development and operation of a PET center. After reading this article, the nuclear medicine technologist should be able to: (a) state the indications for the use of PET drugs that have been found to be safe and effective by the FDA; (b) detail the general procedures a PET drug production site would have to undertake to be in compliance with FDA regulations; (c) list specific studies that have been approved for payment by Medicare; and (d) describe billing codes used for PET scans. Clarification of regulatory and reimbursement issues is leading to rapid expansion of clinical PET. Keeping abreast of these changes will ensure the successful expansion of any nuclear medicine program to include PET services. (+info)An assessment of factors which influence the effectiveness of the modified in vivo technetium-99m-erythrocyte labeling technique in clinical use. (5/45)
This study assessed factors which may contribute to suboptimal image quality when the modified in vivo erythrocyte labeling technique is used with standard clinical 99mTc activities. For each assessment duplicate or triplicate blood specimens were withdrawn from > or = 10 patients, into syringes containing 700-900 MBq 99mTc as pertechnetate. After incubation the percent of 99mTc which was not bound to erythrocytes at blood re-injection time (%Unbound 99mTc), was measured and compared when one of four factors was varied. The most significant results, in descending order of measured effect were: [table: see text] Our data suggest that the requirements for optimal erythrocyte labeling with standard clinical 99mTc activities are: (A) Erythrocyte tinning time between 10 and 30 min; (B) blood volume > or = 3 ml; (C) blood incubation time > or = 20 min; and (D) Generator ingrowth time < or = 24 hr. (+info)Realizing the potential of the Actinium-225 radionuclide generator in targeted alpha particle therapy applications. (6/45)
(+info)Direct radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies with generator-produced rhenium-188 for radioimmunotherapy: labeling and animal biodistribution studies. (7/45)
The use of 188Re from an alumina-based 188W/188Re generator has been investigated for antibody radiolabeling. It was found that, with simple labeling techniques, 188Re can be used immediately after elution. The direct radiolabeling of intact antibodies with 188Re is described. Lyophilized antibody preparations have been reconstituted with 188Re taken directly from the generator at specific activities of up to 15 mCi of 188Re per mg of antibody. Radiolabeling yields of 90 to 98% have been obtained, with the incorporation rate being dependent upon time and the relative concentrations of the reagents. It was determined that the conjugates were immunoreactive and stable when challenged by serum in vitro, with 188Re-immunoglobulin G showing adequate resistance to reoxidation with no transfer of 188Re to serum protein. 188Re-antibody conjugates were shown to clear from the blood faster than the corresponding 131I-labeled antibody, giving rise to good tumor/nontumor ratios at 24 to 72 h postinjection, while serum samples taken from the animals have shown that the circulating 188Re remained bound to immunoglobulin G. The combination of the technologies of the 188W/188Re generator, the direct labeling methodology, and the use of single-vial lyophilized antibody makes the use of 188Re-radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies a simple and convenient method of cancer radioimmunotherapy with a beta-emitting radionuclide. (+info)Breaking America's dependence on imported molybdenum. (8/45)
(+info)Radionuclide generators, also known as "radiogenic sources" or "generator systems," are devices that contain a parent radionuclide that decays into a daughter radionuclide. The parent nuclide has a longer half-life than the daughter nuclide and remains within the generator system, while the daughter nuclide is produced continuously through the decay process and can be extracted for use in medical imaging or therapeutic procedures.
The most common type of radionuclide generator used in nuclear medicine is the technetium-99m (^99m Tc) generator, which contains molybdenum-99 (^99 Mo) as the parent nuclide. Molybdenum-99 has a half-life of 66 hours and decays into technetium-99m, which has a half-life of only 6 hours. Technetium-99m emits gamma rays that can be detected by gamma cameras, making it useful for a wide range of diagnostic procedures such as bone scans, lung perfusion imaging, and myocardial perfusion imaging.
Radionuclide generators are typically used in hospitals and medical centers where they can provide a convenient and cost-effective way to produce small quantities of radionuclides for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The extracted daughter nuclide can be used immediately, reducing the need for complex shipping and handling procedures associated with other radioactive materials.
Iridium is not a medical term, but rather a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. It's a transition metal that is part of the platinum group. Iridium has no known biological role in humans or other organisms, and it is not used in medical treatments or diagnoses.
However, iridium is sometimes mentioned in the context of geological time scales because iridium-rich layers in rock formations are associated with major extinction events, such as the one that marked the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago. The leading hypothesis for this association is that large asteroid impacts can create iridium-rich vapor plumes that settle onto the Earth's surface and leave a distinct layer in the rock record.
Radioisotopes, also known as radioactive isotopes or radionuclides, are variants of chemical elements that have unstable nuclei and emit radiation in the form of alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, or conversion electrons. These isotopes are formed when an element's nucleus undergoes natural or artificial radioactive decay.
Radioisotopes can be produced through various processes, including nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, and particle bombardment in a cyclotron or other types of particle accelerators. They have a wide range of applications in medicine, industry, agriculture, research, and energy production. In the medical field, radioisotopes are used for diagnostic imaging, radiation therapy, and in the labeling of molecules for research purposes.
It is important to note that handling and using radioisotopes requires proper training, safety measures, and regulatory compliance due to their ionizing radiation properties, which can pose potential health risks if not handled correctly.
Radionuclide imaging, also known as nuclear medicine, is a medical imaging technique that uses small amounts of radioactive material, called radionuclides or radiopharmaceuticals, to diagnose and treat various diseases and conditions. The radionuclides are introduced into the body through injection, inhalation, or ingestion and accumulate in specific organs or tissues. A special camera then detects the gamma rays emitted by these radionuclides and converts them into images that provide information about the structure and function of the organ or tissue being studied.
Radionuclide imaging can be used to evaluate a wide range of medical conditions, including heart disease, cancer, neurological disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and bone diseases. The technique is non-invasive and generally safe, with minimal exposure to radiation. However, it should only be performed by qualified healthcare professionals in accordance with established guidelines and regulations.
Radionuclide angiography (RNA) is a type of nuclear medicine imaging procedure used to evaluate the heart's function, specifically the pumping ability of the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). It involves the use of radioactive material (radionuclide or radiopharmaceutical) that is injected into the patient's bloodstream. A special camera then captures images of the distribution and accumulation of this radioactive material within the heart, providing information about blood flow, ventricular function, and any potential abnormalities in the heart muscle.
During a RNA procedure, the radiopharmaceutical is usually injected into a vein in the patient's arm. As the tracer circulates through the bloodstream, it accumulates in the heart tissue. The gamma camera captures images of the distribution and accumulation of the radionuclide within the heart at different time points. These images are then used to assess various aspects of heart function, such as ejection fraction (the percentage of blood that is pumped out of the ventricles with each beat), wall motion abnormalities, and any potential areas of reduced blood flow or damage in the heart muscle.
Radionuclide angiography can be used to diagnose and monitor various cardiac conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and valvular heart disease. It is a non-invasive procedure that does not require catheterization or the use of contrast agents, making it a safer alternative for patients with kidney problems or allergies to contrast materials. However, as with any medical procedure involving radiation exposure, the benefits of RNA must be weighed against the potential risks.
Radionuclide ventriculography (RVG), also known as multiple-gated acquisition scan (MUGA) or nuclear ventriculography, is a non-invasive diagnostic test used to evaluate the function and pumping efficiency of the heart's lower chambers (ventricles). The test involves the use of radioactive tracers (radionuclides) that are injected into the patient's bloodstream. A specialized camera then captures images of the distribution of the radionuclide within the heart, which allows for the measurement of ventricular volumes and ejection fraction (EF), an important indicator of cardiac function.
During the test, the patient lies on a table while the camera takes pictures of their heart as it beats. The images are captured in "gates" or intervals, corresponding to different phases of the cardiac cycle. This allows for the calculation of ventricular volumes and EF at each phase of the cycle, providing detailed information about the heart's pumping ability.
RVG is commonly used to assess patients with known or suspected heart disease, including those who have had a heart attack, heart failure, valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy. It can also be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and to evaluate changes in cardiac function over time.
Radionuclide generator
Radionuclide
Glossary of physics
Radiosynthesis
Radionuclide therapy
Targeted alpha-particle therapy
Scandium-44
Nuclear medicine
Rubidium-82
Curium
Neutron generator
Industrial radiography
Health physics
Gallium
Alternative fuel vehicle
Nuclear pharmacy
Optoelectric nuclear battery
Common beta emitters
Marketing authorisation
List of MeSH codes (H01)
Neutron
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Index of radiation articles
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
V. K. Iya
X-ray source
Nyonoksa radiation accident
Technetium (99mTc) medronic acid
Isotopes of molybdenum
Isotopes of neptunium
Radionuclide generator - Wikipedia
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Radiopharmaceutical4
- A pharmaceutical drug made with radionuclides is called a radiopharmaceutical . (wikipedia.org)
- During the clinical physics service rotations, the resident will be fully trained in all clinical activities of nuclear medical physics, including imaging, therapeutic applications, radionuclide technique, radiopharmaceutical technique, radioprotection, and patient dosimetry. (theabr.org)
- Radiopharmaceuticals are classified into four different categories, which are radiopharmaceutical preparation, radionuclide generator, radiopharmaceutical precursor, and radiopharmaceutical preparation kit. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
- Some of the presented radionuclides can potentially be used in theranostic applications, i.e. a combined diagnostic and therapeutic effect within single application of the radiopharmaceutical. (springeropen.com)
Cosmogenic radionuclides3
- On Earth, naturally occurring radionuclides fall into three categories: primordial radionuclides, secondary radionuclides, and cosmogenic radionuclides. (wikipedia.org)
- Alternative estimates of the past geomagnetic field intensity can be obtained from cosmogenic radionuclides (e.g. (lu.se)
- Cosmogenic radionuclides are produced in the atmosphere by interactions with cosmic rays at a rate that is inversely related to the strength of the Earth's and the Sun's magnetic fields. (lu.se)
Cyclotron8
- An alternative to generators for on-site production of radionuclides is a cyclotron, though it is uncommon that the same radionuclide can be provided by both methods. (wikipedia.org)
- In some cases a cyclotron is used to produce the parent radionuclide for a generator. (wikipedia.org)
- Cyclotron produced radionuclides : principles and practice. (wikipedia.org)
- We have the following chemical analysis capabilities: NMR, HPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS. We obtain radionuclides from the Cyclotron Facility of the PET Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center and from commercial vendors. (nih.gov)
- More research is needed to make novel radionuclide cyclotron production available for the medical industry. (springeropen.com)
- 2013 ). Currently most hospital radio-pharmacies derive their radionuclides from three types of sources: nuclear research reactors, radionuclide generators and cyclotron facilities (Table 1 ). (springeropen.com)
- It is worth mentioning that the generators still need a reactor or cyclotron source to produce the parent radionuclide. (springeropen.com)
- Developing radiosynthesis methods and creating the quality standard for radiopharmaceuticals based on cyclotron and generator-produced positron-emitting isotopes. (almazovcentre.ru)
Living organisms1
- Unplanned exposure to radionuclides generally has a harmful effect on living organisms including humans, although low levels of exposure occur naturally without harm. (wikipedia.org)
Primordial4
- Thirty-two of those are primordial radionuclides that were created before the earth was formed. (wikipedia.org)
- At least another 60 radionuclides are detectable in nature, either as daughters of primordial radionuclides or as radionuclides produced through natural production on Earth by cosmic radiation. (wikipedia.org)
- With the longest half lives are the 32 primordial radionuclides that have survived from the creation of the Solar System. (msrblog.com)
- Primordial radionuclides originate mainly from the interiors of stars. (ctbto.org)
90Sr1
- Therapeutic radionuclide generators : 90Sr/90Y and 188W/188Re generators. (wikipedia.org)
Computed tomography1
- Developing and improving the protocols for radionuclide studies and computed tomography to reduce the exposure of patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation. (almazovcentre.ru)
Neutron generators2
- He also spent a year researching nuclear physics on accelerator-produced radionuclides, particularly neutron generators. (barkerbrettell.co.uk)
- Walid A. Metwally , Y. A. Alharahsheh, E. Dalah, and H. Al-Omari, "Beam Studies in Gadolinium Neutron Capture Therapy Using Neutron Generators" Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 123, 2020. (ornl.gov)
Naturally5
- Radionuclides occur naturally or are artificially produced in nuclear reactors , cyclotrons , particle accelerators or radionuclide generators . (wikipedia.org)
- and naturally existing radionuclides within the body, 40 mrem (0.40 mSv). (cdc.gov)
- Recall that naturally occurring radionuclides such as uranium or plutonium exist in finite quantities on Earth, so you have to use them in a sustainable manner. (msrblog.com)
- Radionuclides - often called radioisotopes - may occur naturally, but they can also be artificially produced. (ctbto.org)
- There are some radioactive noble gas isotopes, i.e. radionuclides, which do not occur naturally but can only be produced by nuclear reactions. (ctbto.org)
Artificially produced1
- Artificially produced radionuclides can be generated by nuclear reactors, particle accelerators, radionuclide generators or nuclear explosions. (ctbto.org)
Therapy2
- Its total radiation dose delivered to tissues is comparable to other radionuclides used in therapy today. (oncobeta.com)
- 5. U. Pandey, A. Mukheryee, H.D. Sharma, T. Das, M.R.I. Pillai, M. Venka Tesh, "Evaluation of 90 Y-DTPA and 90 Y-DOTA for potential application in intra-vascular radionuclide therapy," Appl. (nstri.ir)
Nuclear medicine3
- However, radionuclides with suitable properties are used in nuclear medicine for both diagnosis and treatment. (wikipedia.org)
- High-purity radionuclides are a key element in the development of radiopharmaceuticals for applications in nuclear medicine. (springeropen.com)
- To acquire this capability, the hospital incorporated a gallium generator and set up an entirely new labeling procedure in the nuclear medicine department. (philips.co.id)
Decay6
- A radionuclide generator is a device which provides a local supply of a short-lived radioactive substance from the decay of a longer-lived parent radionuclide. (wikipedia.org)
- During those processes, the radionuclide is said to undergo radioactive decay . (wikipedia.org)
- The radioactive decay can produce a stable nuclide or will sometimes produce a new unstable radionuclide which may undergo further decay. (wikipedia.org)
- Because the radionuclides contained in PET-Tracers decay very fast, in most cases there will be no radioactivity left in the body after a few hours of their administration. (usz.ch)
- A radionuclide is an isotope with an unstable nucleus that loses its excess energy by emitting radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves in a process called radioactive decay. (ctbto.org)
- Technetium-99m is the decay product of radionuclide Molybdenum-99. (isotop.ru)
Particle1
- Every alpha-particle emitted from this radionuclide has this energy. (wikibooks.org)
68Ge1
- The 68Ge/68Ga generator in the radionuclide laboratory (center) is shielded inside. (philips.co.id)
Therapeutic1
- Radionuclides are used in diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. (springeropen.com)
Isotopes1
- Uses of Radionuclide a Radioactive Tracer is a chemical compound in which one or two atoms have been replaced by radioactive isotopes. (msrblog.com)
Radioactive11
- A radionuclide ( radioactive nuclide , radioisotope or radioactive isotope ) is a nuclide that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. (wikipedia.org)
- An imaging tracer made with radionuclides is called a radioactive tracer . (wikipedia.org)
- and the initial concentrations of the radionuclide in the product or material at time of transfer of the radioactive material by the licensee. (mt.gov)
- The OncoBeta® tungsten (wolfram)-188/rhenium-188 (W/Re-188) Generators can be used for radiolabeling reactions or directly as a high dose liquid radioactive source. (oncobeta.com)
- We are happy to collaborate with Shannon D. Brown and his team to bring the 188 W/ 188 Re Generators to India, which are used for radiolabelling reactions or as a high dose liquid radioactive source. (oncobeta.com)
- Our generators are characterized for having high activity concentrations and elution volumes which can be used for radiolabeling or directly as a high dose liquid radioactive source. (oncobeta.com)
- A Radionuclide (radioactive nuclide or radionuclides) is an unstable nuclide and thus degenerates emitting ionizing radiation . (msrblog.com)
- In biology, radionuclides of carbon can serve as radioactive tracers because they are chemically very similar to the nonradioactive nuclides, so most chemical, biological, and ecological processes treat them in a nearly identical way. (msrblog.com)
- Radionuclides that find their way into the environment may cause harmful effects as radioactive contamination. (msrblog.com)
- Radionuclide stations measure radioactive particles and noble gases, i.e. radionuclides, in the air. (ctbto.org)
- The objective of the CTBTO's radionuclide monitoring network is to detect this residual radiation in the form of radioactive particles or noble gas, even if only in miniscule amounts. (ctbto.org)
Exposure2
- Potential health damage from exposure to radionuclides depends on a number of factors, and "can damage the functions of healthy tissue/organs. (msrblog.com)
- Soil samples were collected and measured using a gamma spectroscopy system to evaluate the contributions of specific radionuclides to external terrestrial exposure. (bvsalud.org)
Short-lived1
- These so-called PET-Tracers are molecules containing a very short lived radionuclide which decays by emission of positrons. (usz.ch)
Radioisotope thermoelec1
- Finally, was signed a deal for the supply of radionuclide heat units (UHR) used as parts of radioisotope thermoelectric generators to power equipment in China's space programme, for use in lunar exploration in particular. (rosatom.ru)
Radiochemical1
- 68 Ga radioisotope was extracted from a 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generator with high radionuclide, chemical and radiochemical purities. (ijrr.com)
Clinically1
- Long-lived radionuclides which are administered to a patient with a view to utilising useful properties of a daughter product have been termed in-vivo generators, though they are not routinely used clinically. (wikipedia.org)
Atoms1
- In comparison to radionuclide particles, noble gas atoms are very small. (ctbto.org)
Precursor1
- Molybdenum produced from fission of U-235 is the most desirable precursor for 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generator system as it is non-carrier added and has high specific activity. (batan.go.id)
Nucleus1
- A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus. (msrblog.com)
Crops1
- Agriculture Radionuclides are used to stop the sprouting of root crops after harvesting. (msrblog.com)
Emissions1
- Radionuclide emissions from a coal-fired power plant. (kkp.go.id)
Radiopharmaceuticals based1
- Sodium pertechnetate is injected into the human body during scintigraphy of stomach, brain, thyroid and salivary glands, during radionuclide angiocardiography and ventriculography, as well as for producing radiopharmaceuticals based on the sets of corresponding reagents used in diagnosis of lungs, bones, kidneys and liver. (isotop.ru)
Technetium5
- Elements heavier than lead , and the elements technetium and promethium , exist only as radionuclides. (wikipedia.org)
- GTR : 69814736 request for proposals are invited for request for proposal (rfp) for radiopharmaceuticals production lines (iodine 131 and molybdenum 99/technetium 99m generator production) province: north west closing date: friday, 18 august 2023 11:00 place w. (tenderdetail.com)
- Isotope JSC offers its services in delivering Technetium-99m generators. (isotop.ru)
- Our Technetium-99m generators are delivered to hospitals completely ready for service. (isotop.ru)
- Technetium-99m generator is designed for multiple production of sterile pyrogen-free sodium pertechnetate in isotonic sodium chloride (0,9% NaCl) solution. (isotop.ru)
Cyclotrons5
- It is feasible to have cyclotrons at larger centres, but they are much more expensive and complex than generators. (wikipedia.org)
- Currently two cyclotrons as well as Ge-68/Ga-68 generators are available at the CRP for the generation of radionuclides. (usz.ch)
- The bulk of its industrial potential is composed of small medical cyclotrons with a proton energy below 20 MeV for radionuclides production. (springeropen.com)
- This review focuses on the recent developments of novel medical radionuclides produced by cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 MeV to 20 MeV. (springeropen.com)
- This review article focuses on recent developments in the production of novel diagnostic radionuclides by using small medical cyclotrons. (springeropen.com)
Dose1
- The overall absorbed dose rate owing to radionuclide presence in the Uttarkashi area ranged from 79 to 188 nGyh-1, with an average of 118 nGyh-1. (bvsalud.org)
Diagnostic1
- Studying the diagnostic effectiveness of radionuclide imaging methods in patients with internal diseases. (almazovcentre.ru)
Production3
- Production and purification of radionuclides. (up.ac.za)
- The production of the following medical radionuclides will be described based on available literature sources: Tc-99 m, I-123, I-124, Zr-89, Cu-64, Ga-67, Ga-68, In-111, Y-86 and Sc-44. (springeropen.com)
- In addition to that, other implications (such as political or economical changes) may discourage the production of certain radionuclides. (springeropen.com)
Leaks2
- And I doubt that there is 100% successful containment of the radionuclides after that, either the whole plant leaks like a sieve. (animatedsoftware.com)
- Industry In industry, and in mining, radionuclides: examine welds, to detect leaks, to study the rate of wear, erosion and corrosion of metals, and for on-stream analysis of a wide range of minerals and fuels. (msrblog.com)
Environmental2
- The network is supported by 16 radionuclide laboratories with expertise in environmental monitoring, providing independent additional analysis of IMS samples. (ctbto.org)
- Our research group focuses on environmental radiology, specifically studying the release of radionuclides from various sources. (lu.se)
India2
- B.J. Madan & Co India and OncoBeta announce exclusive distribution agreement for W/Re-188 generators. (oncobeta.com)
- B.J Madan & Co and OncoBeta announced the execution of an exclusive distribution agreement for the next generation of W/Re-188 generators in India. (oncobeta.com)
Minerals2
- Natural radionuclides are used in geology, archaeology, and paleontology to measure ages of rocks, minerals, and fossil materials. (msrblog.com)
- With a history of more than 200 years of tin mining, Bangka Island has brought along a byproduct of heavy minerals containing radionuclide elements. (bvsalud.org)
Typically2
- The generator provides a way to separate the desired product from the parent, typically in a process that can be repeated several times over the life of the parent. (wikipedia.org)
- This is typically the case when government allocated investments or decisions influence the distribution of sources of the radionuclide, e.g. by phasing out a nuclear reactor (Krijger et al. (springeropen.com)
Measurement1
- The concentration measurement of natural radionuclide activity was carried out using HPGe detector gamma-ray spectrometry at marine radioecology laboratory of National Nuclear Energy Agency. (kkp.go.id)
Potentially1
- The release of fly ash into the environment can potentially increase the concentration of natural radionuclides in the surrounding environment, including marine waters. (kkp.go.id)
Gamma1
- The radionuclide are also used to emit gamma-rays that control the ripening of different fruit and vegetables. (msrblog.com)
Chemical2
- All chemical elements can exist as radionuclides. (wikipedia.org)
- The staff has significant experience in conducting multistep chemical synthesis of small drug-like molecules and developing strategies for incorporation of F-18 (including aluminum fluoride complexes), Cu-64, Ga-68, Y-86, Zr-89 or Br-76 radionuclides. (nih.gov)
Study5
- Fatima E. Alzaabi, Bassam A. Khuwaileh, Walid A. Metwally , "An Exploratory Study for Atmospheric Radionuclide Dispersion and Deposition at Barakah Power Plant Site," Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 123, 2020. (ornl.gov)
- Environment Radionuclides are used to trace and analyze pollutants, to study the movement of surface water, and to measure water runoffs from rain and snow. (msrblog.com)
- This study aimed to determine the activity of natural radionuclides in seabed sediments and the radiological impact on marine organisms related to Tanjung Awar-Awar Coal-Fired Power Plant activities in Tuban. (kkp.go.id)
- Study on the Increase of Natural Radionuclides Due to Fly Ash Release Around the Labuan Power Plant. (kkp.go.id)
- SPECT scanning has been found to be more sensitive than either plain radiography or planar bone scintigraphy in detecting spondylolysis and has, for the most part, replaced planar bone scanning as the radionuclide imaging study of first choice in suspected pars interarticularis lesions. (medscape.com)
Release1
- But if the diesel generators run out of the fuel, it will cause the melt of the reactor core and the release of radionuclides into the environment, just as it happened in Fukushima. (ualrpublicradio.org)
Parent1
- Its advantageous physical properties, its potential low cost, and with a long-lived parent make this generator an attractive option for clinical use. (oncobeta.com)
Environment2
Natural5
- Fly ash and bottom ash from coal combustion can contain natural radionuclides with a certain concentration. (kkp.go.id)
- The detected concentration of natural radionuclide activity was 40K ranging from 159.18 to 365.88 Bq.Kg-1, 228Ac ranging from 14.47 to 28.05 Bq.Kg-1, and 226Ra ranging from 15.00 to 67.65 Bq.Kg-1. (kkp.go.id)
- Natural radionuclide of Po210 in the edible seafood affected by coal-fired power plant industry in Kapar coastal area of Malaysia. (kkp.go.id)
- Radiation doses to aquatic organisms from natural radionuclides. (kkp.go.id)
- In my research project I aim to (i) generate new palaeomagnetic data from key locations in the Southern Hemisphere, (ii) assess timescale uncertainties and adjust for natural smoothing of sedimentary data and (iii) incorporate, for the first time, geomagnetic field intensity estimates from cosmogenic radionuclide records to construct new high-resolution geomagnetic field models for the past 10,000 years. (lu.se)
Applications1
- And they're not stopping there: the St. Antonius radiopharmacists are investing in other applications of their gallium generator, and in bringing expanded capabilities to other hospitals. (philips.co.id)
Sources1
- Artificial radionuclide generators employed in medicine in general and radiotherapy sources in particulars. (cutm.ac.in)
Studies2
- Radionuclide imaging studies, including planar bone scanning and, more specifically, SPECT bone scanning, have been found to be more sensitive than plain radiography in detecting pars lesions. (medscape.com)
- Similar results have been obtained in other studies, and it appears that bone scans may have a role in identifying those cases in which the spondylolytic lesion is the pain generator rather than just an incidental finding. (medscape.com)
Half-lives3
- There are about 730 radionuclides with half-lives longer than 60 minutes (see list of nuclides ). (wikipedia.org)
- More than 2400 radionuclides have half-lives less than 60 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
- In theory, elements heavier than dysprosium exist only as radionuclides, but some such elements, like gold and platinum , are observationally stable and their half-lives have not been determined). (wikipedia.org)
High2
- For work with radiation generators (such as X-ray devices) you must apply to HSE for a registration, unless it's a high-risk work practice that requires consent. (hse.gov.uk)
- Rhenium-188 (Re-188) is a high energy-emitting radioisotope obtained from the 188 W/ 188 Re Generator. (oncobeta.com)
Small1
- 238,000 large and small quantity generators). (dpforex.com)