A radius fracture is a break in the bone that runs from the wrist to the elbow, located on the thumb-side of the forearm, which can occur at various sites such as near the wrist, middle of the bone or closer to the elbow.
A thick, fibrocartilaginous ligament at the metacarpophalageal joint.
The physiological restoration of bone tissue and function after a fracture. It includes BONY CALLUS formation and normal replacement of bone tissue.
The use of metallic devices inserted into or through bone to hold a fracture in a set position and alignment while it heals.
The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.
The outer shorter of the two bones of the FOREARM, lying parallel to the ULNA and partially revolving around it.
Fracture of the lower end of the radius in which the lower fragment is displaced posteriorly.
A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Implantable fracture fixation devices attached to bone fragments with screws to bridge the fracture gap and shield the fracture site from stress as bone heals. (UMDNS, 1999)
Fractures of the articular surface of a bone.
Breaks in bones.
Injuries to the wrist or the wrist joint.
External devices which hold wires or pins that are placed through one or both cortices of bone in order to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment. These devices allow easy access to wounds, adjustment during the course of healing, and more functional use of the limbs involved.
Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.
The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).
Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)
Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.
Steel wires, often threaded through the skin, soft tissues, and bone, used to fix broken bones. Kirschner wires or apparatus also includes the application of traction to the healing bones through the wires.
Fractures of the femur.
Broken bones in the vertebral column.
The inner and longer bone of the FOREARM.
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.
Fractures occurring as a result of disease of a bone or from some undiscoverable cause, and not due to trauma. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Rods of bone, metal, or other material used for fixation of the fragments or ends of fractured bones.
Fractures due to the strain caused by repetitive exercise. They are thought to arise from a combination of MUSCLE FATIGUE and bone failure, and occur in situations where BONE REMODELING predominates over repair. The most common sites of stress fractures are the METATARSUS; FIBULA; TIBIA; and FEMORAL NECK.
Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.
The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.
A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.
The use of nails that are inserted into bone cavities in order to keep fractured bones together.
Disease involving the median nerve, from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical features include weakness of wrist and finger flexion, forearm pronation, thenar abduction, and loss of sensation over the lateral palm, first three fingers, and radial half of the ring finger. Common sites of injury include the elbow, where the nerve passes through the two heads of the pronator teres muscle (pronator syndrome) and in the carpal tunnel (CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME).
Rib fractures are breaks or cracks in the rib bones, which can occur at any location along the rib's length, often caused by direct trauma or severe coughing, and may result in pain, difficulty breathing, and increased risk of complications such as pneumonia.
Rigid or flexible appliances used to maintain in position a displaced or movable part or to keep in place and protect an injured part. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Fractures of the skull which may result from penetrating or nonpenetrating head injuries or rarely BONE DISEASES (see also FRACTURES, SPONTANEOUS). Skull fractures may be classified by location (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, BASILAR), radiographic appearance (e.g., linear), or based upon cranial integrity (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE, DEPRESSED).
Fractures of the lower jaw.
Fibrocartilage that makes up the triangular fibrocartilage complex which is found in the WRIST JOINT.
Fractures in which there is an external wound communicating with the break of the bone.
Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.
Lack of stability of a joint or joint prosthesis. Factors involved are intra-articular disease and integrity of extra-articular structures such as joint capsule, ligaments, and muscles.
Specialized devices used in ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY to repair bone fractures.
An anatomic severity scale based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and developed specifically to score multiple traumatic injuries. It has been used as a predictor of mortality.
Break or rupture of a tooth or tooth root.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.
The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.
Crumbling or smashing of cancellous BONE by forces acting parallel to the long axis of bone. It is applied particularly to vertebral body fractures (SPINAL FRACTURES). (Blauvelt and Nelson, A Manual of Orthopedic Terminology, 1994, p4)
Injuries to the fibrous cords of connective tissue which attach muscles to bones or other structures.
Falls due to slipping or tripping which may result in injury.
Systems for assessing, classifying, and coding injuries. These systems are used in medical records, surveillance systems, and state and national registries to aid in the collection and reporting of trauma.
The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Force exerted when gripping or grasping.
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.
Fractures of the bones in the orbit, which include parts of the frontal, ethmoidal, lacrimal, and sphenoid bones and the maxilla and zygoma.
The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
The bony deposit formed between and around the broken ends of BONE FRACTURES during normal healing.
The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Fractures around joint replacement prosthetics or implants. They can occur intraoperatively or postoperatively.
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.
Injuries to the part of the upper limb of the body between the wrist and elbow.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.
Fractures of the upper jaw.

The effect of using a tourniquet on the intensity of postoperative pain in forearm fractures. A randomized study in 32 surgically treated patients. (1/394)

We have analysed the relationship between the intensity of postoperative pain and the use of a pneumatic tourniquet in procedures for operative fixation of fractures of the forearm. Thirty-two patients were divided randomly into two groups as a control (NT) and tourniquet (T). The pain scores in the NT group were significantly lower. Patients over the age of 30 had notably more pain than those younger after the use of a tourniquet. Avoidance of the tourniquet gave better postoperative analgesia in male patients and in those with comminuted fractures. When a tourniquet was used the best results were obtained if it was kept inflated for less than one hour.  (+info)

Systemic hormonal, electrolyte, and substrate changes after non-thermal limb injury in children. (2/394)

Relatively little is known regarding the hormonal changes after injury in children. Adult protocols are often applied to children, although the latter often have different physiological responses to trauma. Twenty children with an angulated displaced fracture of the radius and/or ulna (injury severity score 9) were studied prospectively for changes in adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, urea, electrolytes, and glucose. Two blood samples were taken: one an arrival at the accident and emergency department and one preoperatively several hours later. There were marked increases in adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, and arginine vasopressin above the normal range. Five (25%) cases demonstrated greater early increases in adrenaline than those reported for adult injuries of similar severity. Early hypokalaemia in four cases had corrected towards normal within a few hours, without potassium supplementation.  (+info)

Salvage of the head of the radius after fracture-dislocation of the elbow. A case report. (3/394)

We describe a patient with a Mason type-III fracture of the head of the radius associated with traumatic dislocation of the elbow. The radial head was intact throughout its circumference despite being completely detached from the shaft and devoid of any soft-tissue attachments. Severe comminution of the radial neck prevented reconstruction by internal fixation and precluded prosthetic replacement of the head. The head was fixed to the shaft with a tricortical iliac-crest bone graft which replaced the neck. Two years later, the patient had a stable elbow with flexion from 10 degrees to 130 degrees. Radiologically, the head of the radius appeared to be viable and the bone graft had incorporated.  (+info)

Simultaneous bilateral elbow dislocation in an international gymnast. (4/394)

Elbow dislocation is a rare injury in elite athletes. We report an unusual case of simultaneous bilateral elbow dislocations with a unilateral radial head fracture in an international female athlete competing on the asymmetrical bars. These injuries require prompt reduction and immediate mobilisation if an abrupt end to a promising career is to be prevented.  (+info)

The wrist of the formula 1 driver. (5/394)

OBJECTIVES: During formula 1 driving, repetitive cumulative trauma may provoke nerve disorders such as nerve compression syndrome as well as osteoligament injuries. A study based on interrogatory and clinical examination of 22 drivers was carried out during the 1998 formula 1 World Championship in order to better define the type and frequency of these lesions. METHODS: The questions investigated nervous symptoms, such as paraesthesia and diminishment of sensitivity, and osteoligamentous symptoms, such as pain, specifying the localisation (ulnar side, dorsal aspect of the wrist, snuff box) and the effect of the wrist position on the intensity of the pain. Clinical examination was carried out bilaterally and symmetrically. RESULTS: Fourteen of the 22 drivers reported symptoms. One suffered cramp in his hands at the end of each race and one described a typical forearm effort compartment syndrome. Six drivers had effort "osteoligamentous" symptoms: three scapholunate pain; one medial hypercompression of the wrist; two sequellae of a distal radius fracture. Seven reported nerve disorders: two effort carpal tunnel syndromes; one typical carpal tunnel syndrome; one effort cubital tunnel syndrome; three paraesthesia in all fingers at the end of a race, without any objective signs. CONCLUSIONS: This appears to be the first report of upper extremity disorders in competition drivers. The use of a wrist pad to reduce the effects of vibration may help to prevent trauma to the wrist in formula 1 drivers.  (+info)

Velvet antler polypeptides promoted proliferation of chondrocytes and osteoblast precursors and fracture healing. (6/394)

AIM: To study the effects of velvet antler (VA) total polypeptides (VATP) and VA polypeptides, VAP-A, VAP-B, and VAP-C on proliferation of chondrocytes and osteoblast precusors. METHODS: Chondrocytes (rabbit and human fetus) and osteoblast precusors (chick embryo) were incubated in the culture medium containing VATP or VAP-A, VAP-B, and VAP-C. [3H]TdR incorporation into DNA was measured. Fracture healing-promoting action of VATP was determined in rats. RESULTS: VATP 50-200 mg.L-1 and VAP-B 12.5, 25, and 50 mg.L-1 showed most marked proliferation-promoting activity for rabbit costed chondrocytes and increased incorporation of [3H]TdR from (73 +/- 9) Bq (control group) to (272 +/- 55), (327 +/- 38), and (415 +/- 32) Bq, respectively (P < 0.01). The activity of VAP-A was weaker than that of VAP-B, and VAP-C had no activity. VATP 10 and 20 mg.kg-1 by local injection into the cross-section fracture area accelerated healing of radial fracture. The healing rate of VATP-treated group was higher (75%) than that of control group (25%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: VATP accelerated fracture healing by stimulating proliferation of chondrocytes and osteoblast precursors.  (+info)

Safety of the limited open technique of bone-transfixing threaded-pin placement for external fixation of distal radial fractures: a cadaver study. (7/394)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the safety of threaded-pin placement for fixation of distal radial fractures using a limited open approach. DESIGN: A cadaver study. METHODS: Four-millimetre Schanz threaded pins were inserted into the radius and 3-mm screw pins into the second metacarpal of 20 cadaver arms. Each threaded pin was inserted in the dorsoradial oblique plane through a limited open, 5- to 10-mm longitudinal incision. Open exploration of the threaded-pin sites was then carried out. OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury to nerves, muscles and tendons and the proximity of these structures to the threaded pins. RESULTS: There were no injuries to the extensor tendons, superficial radial or lateral antebrachial nerves of the forearm, or to the soft tissues overlying the metacarpal. The lateral antebrachial nerve was the closest nerve to the radial pins and a branch of the superficial radial nerve was closest to the metacarpal pins. The superficial radial nerve was not close to the radial pins. CONCLUSION: Limited open threaded-pin fixation of distal radial fractures in the dorsolateral plane appears to be safe.  (+info)

Transcranial doppler detection of fat emboli. (8/394)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The fat embolism syndrome (FES) is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary and neurological symptoms as well as skin and mucosal petechiae in the setting of long-bone fractures or their surgical repair. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, and effective treatments are lacking. We present 5 patients with long-bone fractures in whom in vivo microembolism was detected by transcranial Doppler. METHODS: Five patients with long-bone fractures were monitored with transcranial Doppler for microembolic signals (MESs) after trauma. Two patients also had intraoperative monitoring. A TC-2020 instrument equipped with MES detection software was used. Detected signals were saved for subsequent review. Selected signals satisfied criteria defined previously and were categorized as large or small. RESULTS: Cerebral microembolism was detected in all 5 patients and was transient, resolving within 4 days of injury. Intraoperative monitoring revealed an increase in MESs during intramedullary nail insertion. The characteristics of MESs after injury varied among patients, with large signals being more frequent in the only patient with a patent foramen ovale. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral microembolism after long-bone fractures can be detected in vivo and monitored over time. These findings may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.  (+info)

A radius fracture is a break in the bone that runs from the wrist to the elbow, located on the thumb side of the forearm. Radius fractures can occur as a result of a fall, direct blow to the forearm, or a high-energy collision such as a car accident. There are various types of radius fractures, including:

1. Distal radius fracture: A break at the end of the radius bone, near the wrist joint, which is the most common type of radius fracture.
2. Radial shaft fracture: A break in the middle portion of the radius bone.
3. Radial head and neck fractures: Breaks in the upper part of the radius bone, near the elbow joint.
4. Comminuted fracture: A complex radius fracture where the bone is broken into multiple pieces.
5. Open (compound) fracture: A radius fracture with a wound or laceration in the skin, allowing for communication between the outside environment and the fractured bone.
6. Intra-articular fracture: A radius fracture that extends into the wrist joint or elbow joint.
7. Torus (buckle) fracture: A stable fracture where one side of the bone is compressed, causing it to buckle or bend, but not break completely through.

Symptoms of a radius fracture may include pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, deformity, limited mobility, and in some cases, numbness or tingling in the fingers. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the fracture but can range from casting to surgical intervention with implant fixation.

A volar plate, also known as the palmar plate, is a strong band of tissue found in the joints of the hand (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints) that helps to provide stability and prevent hyperextension. It is located on the palmar or volar side (front side) of the joint, and it is attached to the proximal phalanx and the metacarpal bone. Injuries to the volar plate can occur due to sports accidents or falls, leading to conditions such as a volar plate injury or a gamekeeper's thumb.

Fracture healing is the natural process by which a broken bone repairs itself. When a fracture occurs, the body responds by initiating a series of biological and cellular events aimed at restoring the structural integrity of the bone. This process involves the formation of a hematoma (a collection of blood) around the fracture site, followed by the activation of inflammatory cells that help to clean up debris and prepare the area for repair.

Over time, specialized cells called osteoblasts begin to lay down new bone matrix, or osteoid, along the edges of the broken bone ends. This osteoid eventually hardens into new bone tissue, forming a bridge between the fracture fragments. As this process continues, the callus (a mass of newly formed bone and connective tissue) gradually becomes stronger and more compact, eventually remodeling itself into a solid, unbroken bone.

The entire process of fracture healing can take several weeks to several months, depending on factors such as the severity of the injury, the patient's age and overall health, and the location of the fracture. In some cases, medical intervention may be necessary to help promote healing or ensure proper alignment of the bone fragments. This may include the use of casts, braces, or surgical implants such as plates, screws, or rods.

Fracture fixation is a surgical procedure in orthopedic trauma surgery where a fractured bone is stabilized using various devices and techniques to promote proper healing and alignment. The goal of fracture fixation is to maintain the broken bone ends in correct anatomical position and length, allowing for adequate stability during the healing process.

There are two main types of fracture fixation:

1. Internal fixation: In this method, metal implants like plates, screws, or intramedullary rods are inserted directly into the bone to hold the fragments in place. These implants can be either removed or left in the body once healing is complete, depending on the type and location of the fracture.

2. External fixation: This technique involves placing pins or screws through the skin and into the bone above and below the fracture site. These pins are then connected to an external frame that maintains alignment and stability. External fixators are typically used when there is significant soft tissue damage, infection, or when internal fixation is not possible due to the complexity of the fracture.

The choice between internal and external fixation depends on various factors such as the type and location of the fracture, patient's age and overall health, surgeon's preference, and potential complications. Both methods aim to provide a stable environment for bone healing while minimizing the risk of malunion, nonunion, or deformity.

Fracture fixation, internal, is a surgical procedure where a fractured bone is fixed using metal devices such as plates, screws, or rods that are implanted inside the body. This technique helps to maintain the alignment and stability of the broken bone while it heals. The implants may be temporarily or permanently left inside the body, depending on the nature and severity of the fracture. Internal fixation allows for early mobilization and rehabilitation, which can result in a faster recovery and improved functional outcome.

The radius is one of the two bones in the forearm in humans and other vertebrates. In humans, it runs from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist. It is responsible for rotation of the forearm and articulates with the humerus at the elbow and the carpals at the wrist. Any medical condition or injury that affects the radius can impact the movement and function of the forearm and hand.

A Colles' fracture is a specific type of fracture in the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm, which is the larger of the two bones in the lower arm. This type of fracture occurs when the wrist is forcefully bent backward (dorsiflexion), often as a result of falling onto an outstretched hand.

In a Colles' fracture, the distal end of the radius bone breaks and is displaced downward and angulated backward, resulting in a characteristic "dinner fork" deformity. This type of fracture is more common in older individuals, particularly women with osteoporosis, but can also occur in younger people as a result of high-energy trauma.

Colles' fractures are typically treated with immobilization using a cast or splint to hold the bones in proper alignment while they heal. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to realign and stabilize the fracture, particularly if there is significant displacement or instability of the bone fragments.

A comminuted fracture is a type of bone break where the bone is shattered into three or more pieces. This type of fracture typically occurs after high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a great height. Commminuted fractures can also occur in bones that are weakened by conditions like osteoporosis or cancer. Because of the severity and complexity of comminuted fractures, they often require extensive treatment, which may include surgery to realign and stabilize the bone fragments using metal screws, plates, or rods.

Bone plates are medical devices used in orthopedic surgery to stabilize and hold together fractured or broken bones during the healing process. They are typically made of surgical-grade stainless steel, titanium, or other biocompatible materials. The plate is shaped to fit the contour of the bone and is held in place with screws that are inserted through the plate and into the bone on either side of the fracture. This provides stability and alignment to the broken bones, allowing them to heal properly. Bone plates can be used to treat a variety of fractures, including those that are complex or unstable. After healing is complete, the bone plate may be left in place or removed, depending on the individual's needs and the surgeon's recommendation.

An intra-articular fracture is a type of fracture that involves the joint surface or articular cartilage of a bone. These types of fractures can occur in any joint, but they are most commonly seen in the weight-bearing joints such as the knee, ankle, and wrist.

Intra-articular fractures can be caused by high-energy trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls from significant heights, or by low-energy trauma, such as a simple fall in older adults with osteoporosis.

These types of fractures are often complex and may involve displacement or depression of the joint surface, which can increase the risk of developing post-traumatic arthritis. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize long-term complications. Treatment options for intra-articular fractures may include surgical fixation with plates, screws, or pins, as well as joint replacement in some cases.

A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone due to external or internal forces. Fractures can occur in any bone in the body and can vary in severity from a small crack to a shattered bone. The symptoms of a bone fracture typically include pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, and difficulty moving the affected limb. Treatment for a bone fracture may involve immobilization with a cast or splint, surgery to realign and stabilize the bone, or medication to manage pain and prevent infection. The specific treatment approach will depend on the location, type, and severity of the fracture.

Wrist injuries refer to damages or traumas affecting the structures of the wrist, including bones, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage. These injuries can occur due to various reasons such as falls, accidents, sports-related impacts, or repetitive stress. Common types of wrist injuries include fractures (such as scaphoid fracture), sprains (like ligament tears), strains (involving muscles or tendons), dislocations, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, limited mobility, and in severe cases, deformity or numbness. Immediate medical attention is necessary for proper diagnosis and treatment to ensure optimal recovery and prevent long-term complications.

An external fixator is a type of orthopedic device used in the treatment of severe fractures or deformities of bones. It consists of an external frame that is attached to the bone with pins or wires that pass through the skin and into the bone. This provides stability to the injured area while allowing for alignment and adjustment of the bone during the healing process.

External fixators are typically used in cases where traditional casting or internal fixation methods are not feasible, such as when there is extensive soft tissue damage, infection, or when a limb needs to be gradually stretched or shortened. They can also be used in reconstructive surgery for bone defects or deformities.

The external frame of the fixator is made up of bars and clamps that are adjustable, allowing for precise positioning and alignment of the bones. The pins or wires that attach to the bone are carefully inserted through small incisions in the skin, and are held in place by the clamps on the frame.

External fixators can be used for a period of several weeks to several months, depending on the severity of the injury and the individual's healing process. During this time, the patient may require regular adjustments and monitoring by an orthopedic surgeon or other medical professional. Once the bone has healed sufficiently, the external fixator can be removed in a follow-up procedure.

An ulna fracture is a break in the ulna bone, which is one of the two long bones in the forearm. The ulna is located on the pinky finger side of the forearm and functions to support the elbow joint and assist in rotation and movement of the forearm. Ulna fractures can occur at various points along the bone, including the shaft, near the wrist, or at the elbow end of the bone. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, tenderness, deformity, limited mobility, and in some cases, numbness or tingling in the fingers. Treatment typically involves immobilization with a cast or splint, followed by rehabilitation exercises to restore strength and range of motion. In severe cases, surgery may be required to realign and stabilize the fractured bone.

The wrist joint, also known as the radiocarpal joint, is a condyloid joint that connects the distal end of the radius bone in the forearm to the proximal row of carpal bones in the hand (scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones). It allows for flexion, extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation movements of the hand. The wrist joint is surrounded by a capsule and reinforced by several ligaments that provide stability and strength to the joint.

A hip fracture is a medical condition referring to a break in the upper part of the femur (thigh) bone, which forms the hip joint. The majority of hip fractures occur due to falls or direct trauma to the area. They are more common in older adults, particularly those with osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to breaking. Hip fractures can significantly impact mobility and quality of life, often requiring surgical intervention and rehabilitation.

Malunited fractures refer to a type of fracture where the bones do not heal in their proper alignment or position. This can occur due to various reasons such as inadequate reduction of the fracture fragments during initial treatment, improper casting or immobilization, or failure of the patient to follow proper immobilization instructions. Malunited fractures can result in deformity, limited range of motion, and decreased functionality of the affected limb. Additional treatments such as surgery may be required to correct the malunion and restore normal function.

Surgical casts are medical devices used to immobilize and protect injured body parts, typically fractured or broken bones, during the healing process. They are usually made of plaster or fiberglass materials that harden when wet and conform to the shape of the affected area once applied. The purpose of a surgical cast is to restrict movement and provide stability to the injured site, allowing for proper alignment and healing of the bones.

The casting process involves first aligning the broken bone fragments into their correct positions, often through manual manipulation or surgical intervention. Once aligned, the cast material is applied in layers, with each layer being allowed to dry before adding the next. This creates a rigid structure that encases and supports the injured area. The cast must be kept dry during the healing process to prevent it from becoming weakened or damaged.

Surgical casts come in various shapes and sizes depending on the location and severity of the injury. They may also include additional components such as padding, Velcro straps, or window openings to allow for regular monitoring of the skin and underlying tissue. In some cases, removable splints or functional braces may be used instead of traditional casts, providing similar support while allowing for limited movement and easier adjustments.

It is essential to follow proper care instructions when wearing a surgical cast, including elevating the injured limb, avoiding excessive weight-bearing, and monitoring for signs of complications such as swelling, numbness, or infection. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are necessary to ensure proper healing and adjust the cast if needed.

I'm not aware of a medical term called "bone wires." The term "wiring" is used in orthopedic surgery to describe the use of metal wire to hold bones or fractures in place during healing. However, I couldn't find any specific medical definition or term related to "bone wires." It may be a colloquialism, a term used in a specific context, or a term from science fiction. If you could provide more context about where you encountered this term, I might be able to give a more accurate answer.

A femoral fracture is a medical term that refers to a break in the thigh bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. The femur extends from the hip joint to the knee joint and is responsible for supporting the weight of the upper body and allowing movement of the lower extremity. Femoral fractures can occur due to various reasons such as high-energy trauma, low-energy trauma in individuals with weak bones (osteoporosis), or as a result of a direct blow to the thigh.

Femoral fractures can be classified into different types based on their location, pattern, and severity. Some common types of femoral fractures include:

1. Transverse fracture: A break that occurs straight across the bone.
2. Oblique fracture: A break that occurs at an angle across the bone.
3. Spiral fracture: A break that occurs in a helical pattern around the bone.
4. Comminuted fracture: A break that results in multiple fragments of the bone.
5. Open or compound fracture: A break in which the bone pierces through the skin.
6. Closed or simple fracture: A break in which the bone does not pierce through the skin.

Femoral fractures can cause severe pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected leg. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans. Treatment may involve surgical intervention, including the use of metal rods, plates, or screws to stabilize the bone, followed by rehabilitation and physical therapy to restore mobility and strength.

A spinal fracture, also known as a vertebral compression fracture, is a break in one or more bones (vertebrae) of the spine. This type of fracture often occurs due to weakened bones caused by osteoporosis, but it can also result from trauma such as a car accident or a fall.

In a spinal fracture, the front part of the vertebra collapses, causing the height of the vertebra to decrease, while the back part of the vertebra remains intact. This results in a wedge-shaped deformity of the vertebra. Multiple fractures can lead to a hunched forward posture known as kyphosis or dowager's hump.

Spinal fractures can cause pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the back, legs, or arms, depending on the location and severity of the fracture. In some cases, spinal cord compression may occur, leading to more severe symptoms such as paralysis or loss of bladder and bowel control.

The ulna is one of the two long bones in the forearm, the other being the radius. It runs from the elbow to the wrist and is located on the medial side of the forearm, next to the bone called the humerus in the upper arm. The ulna plays a crucial role in the movement of the forearm and also serves as an attachment site for various muscles.

Osteoporotic fractures are breaks or cracks in bones that occur as a result of osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Osteoporosis causes bones to lose density and strength, making them more susceptible to fractures, even from minor injuries or falls.

The most common types of osteoporotic fractures are:

1. Hip fractures: These occur when the upper part of the thigh bone (femur) breaks, often due to a fall. Hip fractures can be serious and may require surgery and hospitalization.
2. Vertebral compression fractures: These occur when the bones in the spine (vertebrae) collapse, causing height loss, back pain, and deformity. They are often caused by everyday activities, such as bending or lifting.
3. Wrist fractures: These occur when the bones in the wrist break, often due to a fall. Wrist fractures are common in older adults with osteoporosis.
4. Other fractures: Osteoporotic fractures can also occur in other bones, such as the pelvis, ribs, and humerus (upper arm bone).

Prevention is key in managing osteoporosis and reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures. This includes getting enough calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular weight-bearing exercise, avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and taking medications as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Spontaneous fractures are bone breaks that occur without any identifiable trauma or injury. They are typically caused by underlying medical conditions that weaken the bones, making them more susceptible to breaking under normal stress or weight. The most common cause of spontaneous fractures is osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Other potential causes include various bone diseases, certain cancers, long-term use of corticosteroids, and genetic disorders affecting bone strength.

It's important to note that while the term "spontaneous" implies that the fracture occurred without any apparent cause, it is usually the result of an underlying medical condition. Therefore, if you experience a spontaneous fracture, seeking medical attention is crucial to diagnose and manage the underlying cause to prevent future fractures and related complications.

I believe you are referring to "bone pins" or "bone nails" rather than "bone nails." These terms are used in the medical field to describe surgical implants made of metal or biocompatible materials that are used to stabilize and hold together fractured bones during the healing process. They can also be used in spinal fusion surgery to provide stability and promote bone growth between vertebrae.

Bone pins or nails typically have a threaded or smooth shaft, with a small diameter that allows them to be inserted into the medullary canal of long bones such as the femur or tibia. They may also have a head or eyelet on one end that allows for attachment to external fixation devices or other surgical instruments.

The use of bone pins and nails has revolutionized orthopedic surgery, allowing for faster healing times, improved stability, and better functional outcomes for patients with fractures or spinal deformities.

Stress fractures are defined as small cracks or severe bruising in bones that occur from repetitive stress or overuse. They most commonly occur in weight-bearing bones, such as the legs and feet, but can also occur in the arms, hips, and back. Stress fractures differ from regular fractures because they typically do not result from a single, traumatic event. Instead, they are caused by repeated stress on the bone that results in microscopic damage over time. Athletes, military personnel, and individuals who engage in high-impact activities or have weak bones (osteoporosis) are at increased risk of developing stress fractures. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, tenderness, and difficulty walking or bearing weight on the affected bone.

A femoral neck fracture is a type of hip fracture that occurs in the narrow, vertical section of bone just below the ball of the femur (thigh bone) that connects to the hip socket. This area is called the femoral neck. Femoral neck fractures can be categorized into different types based on their location and the direction of the fractured bone.

These fractures are typically caused by high-energy trauma, such as car accidents or falls from significant heights, in younger individuals. However, in older adults, particularly those with osteoporosis, femoral neck fractures can also result from low-energy trauma, like a simple fall from standing height.

Femoral neck fractures are often serious and require prompt medical attention. Treatment usually involves surgery to realign and stabilize the broken bone fragments, followed by rehabilitation to help regain mobility and strength. Potential complications of femoral neck fractures include avascular necrosis (loss of blood flow to the femoral head), nonunion or malunion (improper healing), and osteoarthritis in the hip joint.

Articular Range of Motion (AROM) is a term used in physiotherapy and orthopedics to describe the amount of movement available in a joint, measured in degrees of a circle. It refers to the range through which synovial joints can actively move without causing pain or injury. AROM is assessed by measuring the degree of motion achieved by active muscle contraction, as opposed to passive range of motion (PROM), where the movement is generated by an external force.

Assessment of AROM is important in evaluating a patient's functional ability and progress, planning treatment interventions, and determining return to normal activities or sports participation. It is also used to identify any restrictions in joint mobility that may be due to injury, disease, or surgery, and to monitor the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.

"Recovery of function" is a term used in medical rehabilitation to describe the process in which an individual regains the ability to perform activities or tasks that were previously difficult or impossible due to injury, illness, or disability. This can involve both physical and cognitive functions. The goal of recovery of function is to help the person return to their prior level of independence and participation in daily activities, work, and social roles as much as possible.

Recovery of function may be achieved through various interventions such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech-language therapy, and other rehabilitation strategies. The specific approach used will depend on the individual's needs and the nature of their impairment. Recovery of function can occur spontaneously as the body heals, or it may require targeted interventions to help facilitate the process.

It is important to note that recovery of function does not always mean a full return to pre-injury or pre-illness levels of ability. Instead, it often refers to the person's ability to adapt and compensate for any remaining impairments, allowing them to achieve their maximum level of functional independence and quality of life.

Intramedullary fracture fixation is a surgical technique used to stabilize and align bone fractures. In this procedure, a metal rod or nail is inserted into the marrow cavity (intramedullary canal) of the affected bone, spanning the length of the fracture. The rod is then secured to the bone using screws or other fixation devices on either side of the fracture. This provides stability and helps maintain proper alignment during the healing process.

The benefits of intramedullary fixation include:

1. Load sharing: The intramedullary rod shares some of the load bearing capacity with the bone, which can help reduce stress on the healing bone.
2. Minimal soft tissue dissection: Since the implant is inserted through the medullary canal, there is less disruption to the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments compared to other fixation methods.
3. Biomechanical stability: Intramedullary fixation provides rotational and bending stiffness, which helps maintain proper alignment of the fracture fragments during healing.
4. Early mobilization: Patients with intramedullary fixation can often begin weight bearing and rehabilitation exercises earlier than those with other types of fixation, leading to faster recovery times.

Common indications for intramedullary fracture fixation include long bone fractures in the femur, tibia, humerus, and fibula, as well as certain pelvic and spinal fractures. However, the choice of fixation method depends on various factors such as patient age, fracture pattern, location, and associated injuries.

Median neuropathy, also known as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, is a common entrapment neuropathy caused by compression of the median nerve at the wrist level. The median nerve provides sensation to the palm side of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of the ring finger. It also innervates some of the muscles that control movement of the fingers and thumb.

In median neuropathy, the compression of the median nerve can cause symptoms such as numbness, tingling, and weakness in the affected hand and fingers. These symptoms may be worse at night or upon waking up in the morning, and can be exacerbated by activities that involve repetitive motion of the wrist, such as typing or using tools. If left untreated, median neuropathy can lead to permanent nerve damage and muscle wasting in the hand.

Rib fractures are breaks or cracks in the bones that make up the rib cage, which is the protective structure around the lungs and heart. Rib fractures can result from direct trauma to the chest, such as from a fall, motor vehicle accident, or physical assault. They can also occur from indirect forces, such as during coughing fits in people with weakened bones (osteoporosis).

Rib fractures are painful and can make breathing difficult, particularly when taking deep breaths or coughing. In some cases, rib fractures may lead to complications like punctured lungs (pneumothorax) or collapsed lungs (atelectasis), especially if multiple ribs are broken in several places.

It is essential to seek medical attention for suspected rib fractures, as proper diagnosis and management can help prevent further complications and promote healing. Treatment typically involves pain management, breathing exercises, and, in some cases, immobilization or surgery.

A splint is a device used to support, protect, and immobilize injured body parts, such as bones, joints, or muscles. It can be made from various materials like plastic, metal, or fiberglass. Splints are often used to keep the injured area in a stable position, reducing pain, swelling, and further damage while the injury heals. They come in different shapes and sizes, tailored to fit specific body parts and injuries. A splint can be adjustable or custom-made, depending on the patient's needs. It is essential to follow healthcare professionals' instructions for using and caring for a splint to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.

A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the bones that form the skull. It can occur from a direct blow to the head, penetrating injuries like gunshot wounds, or from strong rotational forces during an accident. There are several types of skull fractures, including:

1. Linear Skull Fracture: This is the most common type, where there's a simple break in the bone without any splintering, depression, or displacement. It often doesn't require treatment unless it's near a sensitive area like an eye or ear.

2. Depressed Skull Fracture: In this type, a piece of the skull is pushed inward toward the brain. Surgery may be needed to relieve pressure on the brain and repair the fracture.

3. Diastatic Skull Fracture: This occurs along the suture lines (the fibrous joints between the skull bones) that haven't fused yet, often seen in infants and young children.

4. Basilar Skull Fracture: This involves fractures at the base of the skull. It can be serious due to potential injury to the cranial nerves and blood vessels located in this area.

5. Comminuted Skull Fracture: In this severe type, the bone is shattered into many pieces. These fractures usually require extensive surgical repair.

Symptoms of a skull fracture can include pain, swelling, bruising, bleeding (if there's an open wound), and in some cases, clear fluid draining from the ears or nose (cerebrospinal fluid leak). Severe fractures may cause brain injury, leading to symptoms like confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures, or neurological deficits. Immediate medical attention is necessary for any suspected skull fracture.

A mandibular fracture is a break or crack in the lower jaw (mandible) bone. It can occur at any point along the mandible, but common sites include the condyle (the rounded end near the ear), the angle (the curved part of the jaw), and the symphysis (the area where the two halves of the jaw meet in the front). Mandibular fractures are typically caused by trauma, such as a direct blow to the face or a fall. Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty chewing or speaking, and malocclusion (misalignment) of the teeth. Treatment usually involves immobilization with wires or screws to allow the bone to heal properly.

The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is a structure located in the wrist, more specifically at the junction between the ulna bone of the forearm and the wrist bones (carpals). It consists of several components including:

* The triangular fibrocartilage disc: A piece of cartilage that provides shock absorption and helps to distribute forces across the wrist.
* The meniscal homologue: A small structure similar to a meniscus found in some other joints, which also helps with force distribution.
* The ulnar collateral ligament: A ligament that supports the medial (ulnar) side of the wrist.
* The extensor carpi ulnaris tendon sheath and subsynovial connective tissue: These structures provide stability to the TFCC and allow for smooth movement of the tendons in this area.

The primary function of the TFCC is to maintain the stability of the distal radioulnar joint (the joint between the ulna bone and one of the wrist bones) and to distribute loads transmitted across the wrist, particularly during rotational movements of the forearm. Injuries or degeneration of the TFCC can lead to pain, stiffness, and decreased grip strength in the affected wrist.

An open fracture, also known as a compound fracture, is a type of bone injury in which the bone breaks and penetrates through the skin, creating an open wound. This condition exposes the fractured bone to the external environment, increasing the risk of infection and complicating the healing process. Open fractures can result from high-energy trauma such as car accidents, falls from significant heights, or industrial incidents. Immediate medical attention is crucial for proper treatment and prevention of infection.

A closed fracture, also known as a simple fracture, is a type of bone break where the skin remains intact and there is no open wound. The bone may be broken in such a way that it does not pierce the skin, but still requires medical attention for proper diagnosis, treatment, and healing. Closed fractures can range from hairline cracks to complete breaks and can occur due to various reasons, including trauma, overuse, or weakened bones. It is important to seek immediate medical care if a closed fracture is suspected, as improper healing can lead to long-term complications such as decreased mobility, chronic pain, or deformity.

Joint instability is a condition characterized by the loss of normal joint function and increased risk of joint injury due to impaired integrity of the supporting structures, such as ligaments, muscles, or cartilage. This can result in excessive movement or laxity within the joint, leading to decreased stability and increased susceptibility to dislocations or subluxations. Joint instability may cause pain, swelling, and limited range of motion, and it can significantly impact a person's mobility and quality of life. It is often caused by trauma, degenerative conditions, or congenital abnormalities and may require medical intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, to restore joint stability.

Bone screws are medical devices used in orthopedic and trauma surgery to affix bone fracture fragments or to attach bones to other bones or to metal implants such as plates, rods, or artificial joints. They are typically made of stainless steel or titanium alloys and have a threaded shaft that allows for purchase in the bone when tightened. The head of the screw may have a hexagonal or star-shaped design to allow for precise tightening with a screwdriver. Bone screws come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, including fully threaded, partially threaded, cannulated (hollow), and headless types, depending on their intended use and location in the body.

The Injury Severity Score (ISS) is a medical scoring system used to assess the severity of trauma in patients with multiple injuries. It's based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), which classifies each injury by body region on a scale from 1 (minor) to 6 (maximum severity).

The ISS is calculated by summing the squares of the highest AIS score in each of the three most severely injured body regions. The possible ISS ranges from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating more severe injuries. An ISS over 15 is generally considered a significant injury, and an ISS over 25 is associated with a high risk of mortality. It's important to note that the ISS has limitations, as it doesn't consider the number or type of injuries within each body region, only the most severe one.

A tooth fracture is a dental health condition characterized by a break or crack in the tooth structure. It can occur in different parts of the tooth, including the crown (the visible part), root, or filling. Tooth fractures can result from various factors such as trauma, biting or chewing on hard objects, grinding or clenching teeth, and having large, old amalgam fillings that weaken the tooth structure over time. Depending on the severity and location of the fracture, it may cause pain, sensitivity, or affect the tooth's functionality and appearance. Treatment options for tooth fractures vary from simple bonding to root canal treatment or even extraction in severe cases. Regular dental check-ups are essential for early detection and management of tooth fractures.

Treatment outcome is a term used to describe the result or effect of medical treatment on a patient's health status. It can be measured in various ways, such as through symptoms improvement, disease remission, reduced disability, improved quality of life, or survival rates. The treatment outcome helps healthcare providers evaluate the effectiveness of a particular treatment plan and make informed decisions about future care. It is also used in clinical research to compare the efficacy of different treatments and improve patient care.

Retrospective studies, also known as retrospective research or looking back studies, are a type of observational study that examines data from the past to draw conclusions about possible causal relationships between risk factors and outcomes. In these studies, researchers analyze existing records, medical charts, or previously collected data to test a hypothesis or answer a specific research question.

Retrospective studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying trends, but they have limitations compared to prospective studies, which follow participants forward in time from exposure to outcome. Retrospective studies are subject to biases such as recall bias, selection bias, and information bias, which can affect the validity of the results. Therefore, retrospective studies should be interpreted with caution and used primarily to generate hypotheses for further testing in prospective studies.

Articular ligaments, also known as fibrous ligaments, are bands of dense, fibrous connective tissue that connect and stabilize bones to each other at joints. They help to limit the range of motion of a joint and provide support, preventing excessive movement that could cause injury. Articular ligaments are composed mainly of collagen fibers arranged in a parallel pattern, making them strong and flexible. They have limited blood supply and few nerve endings, which makes them less prone to injury but also slower to heal if damaged. Examples of articular ligaments include the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the knee joint, and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) in the elbow joint.

Bone transplantation, also known as bone grafting, is a surgical procedure in which bone or bone-like material is transferred from one part of the body to another or from one person to another. The graft may be composed of cortical (hard outer portion) bone, cancellous (spongy inner portion) bone, or a combination of both. It can be taken from different sites in the same individual (autograft), from another individual of the same species (allograft), or from an animal source (xenograft). The purpose of bone transplantation is to replace missing bone, provide structural support, and stimulate new bone growth. This procedure is commonly used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial surgeries to repair bone defects caused by trauma, tumors, or congenital conditions.

A compression fracture is a type of bone fracture that occurs when there is a collapse of a vertebra in the spine. This type of fracture is most commonly seen in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine. Compression fractures are often caused by weakened bones due to osteoporosis, but they can also result from trauma or tumors that weaken the bone.

In a compression fracture, the front part (anterior) of the vertebra collapses, while the back part (posterior) remains intact, causing the height of the vertebra to decrease. This can lead to pain, deformity, and decreased mobility. In severe cases, multiple compression fractures can result in a condition called kyphosis, which is an abnormal curvature of the spine that leads to a hunchback appearance.

Compression fractures are typically diagnosed through imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Treatment may include pain medication, bracing, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery. Preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and taking medications to prevent or treat osteoporosis can help reduce the risk of compression fractures.

Tendon injuries, also known as tendinopathies, refer to the damage or injury of tendons, which are strong bands of tissue that connect muscles to bones. Tendon injuries typically occur due to overuse or repetitive motion, causing micro-tears in the tendon fibers. The most common types of tendon injuries include tendinitis, which is inflammation of the tendon, and tendinosis, which is degeneration of the tendon's collagen.

Tendon injuries can cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited mobility in the affected area. The severity of the injury can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain that makes it difficult to move the affected joint. Treatment for tendon injuries may include rest, ice, compression, elevation (RICE) therapy, physical therapy, medication, or in some cases, surgery. Preventing tendon injuries involves warming up properly before exercise, using proper form and technique during physical activity, gradually increasing the intensity and duration of workouts, and taking regular breaks to rest and recover.

An accidental fall is an unplanned, unexpected event in which a person suddenly and involuntarily comes to rest on the ground or other lower level, excluding intentional changes in position (e.g., jumping to catch a ball) and landings that are part of a planned activity (e.g., diving into a pool). Accidental falls can occur for various reasons, such as environmental hazards, muscle weakness, balance problems, visual impairment, or certain medical conditions. They are a significant health concern, particularly among older adults, as they can lead to serious injuries, loss of independence, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality.

"Trauma severity indices" refer to various scoring systems used by healthcare professionals to evaluate the severity of injuries in trauma patients. These tools help standardize the assessment and communication of injury severity among different members of the healthcare team, allowing for more effective and consistent treatment planning, resource allocation, and prognosis estimation.

There are several commonly used trauma severity indices, including:

1. Injury Severity Score (ISS): ISS is an anatomical scoring system that evaluates the severity of injuries based on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The body is divided into six regions, and the square of the highest AIS score in each region is summed to calculate the ISS. Scores range from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating more severe injuries.
2. New Injury Severity Score (NISS): NISS is a modification of the ISS that focuses on the three most severely injured body regions, regardless of their anatomical location. The three highest AIS scores are squared and summed to calculate the NISS. This scoring system tends to correlate better with mortality than the ISS in some studies.
3. Revised Trauma Score (RTS): RTS is a physiological scoring system that evaluates the patient's respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological status upon arrival at the hospital. It uses variables such as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate to calculate a score between 0 and 7.84, with lower scores indicating more severe injuries.
4. Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS): TRISS is a combined anatomical and physiological scoring system that estimates the probability of survival based on ISS or NISS, RTS, age, and mechanism of injury (blunt or penetrating). It uses logistic regression equations to calculate the predicted probability of survival.
5. Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS): PTS is a physiological scoring system specifically designed for children under 14 years old. It evaluates six variables, including respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, systolic blood pressure, capillary refill time, GCS, and temperature to calculate a score between -6 and +12, with lower scores indicating more severe injuries.

These scoring systems help healthcare professionals assess the severity of trauma, predict outcomes, allocate resources, and compare patient populations in research settings. However, they should not replace clinical judgment or individualized care for each patient.

Osteotomy is a surgical procedure in which a bone is cut to shorten, lengthen, or change its alignment. It is often performed to correct deformities or to realign bones that have been damaged by trauma or disease. The bone may be cut straight across (transverse osteotomy) or at an angle (oblique osteotomy). After the bone is cut, it can be realigned and held in place with pins, plates, or screws until it heals. This procedure is commonly performed on bones in the leg, such as the femur or tibia, but can also be done on other bones in the body.

Hand strength refers to the measure of force or power that an individual can generate using the muscles of the hand and forearm. It is often assessed through various tests, such as grip strength dynamometry, which measures the maximum force exerted by the hand when squeezing a device called a handgrip dynanometer. Hand strength is important for performing daily activities, maintaining independence, and can be indicative of overall health and well-being. Reduced hand strength may be associated with conditions such as neuromuscular disorders, arthritis, or injuries.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, and disruption of bone architecture, leading to increased risk of fractures, particularly in the spine, wrist, and hip. It mainly affects older people, especially postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that reduce bone density. Osteoporosis can also be caused by certain medications, medical conditions, or lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, and a lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet. The diagnosis is often made using bone mineral density testing, and treatment may include medication to slow bone loss, promote bone formation, and prevent fractures.

Orbital fractures refer to breaks in the bones that make up the eye socket, also known as the orbit. These bones include the maxilla, zygoma, frontal bone, and palatine bone. Orbital fractures can occur due to trauma, such as a blunt force injury or a penetrating wound.

There are several types of orbital fractures, including:

1. Blowout fracture: This occurs when the thin bone of the orbital floor is broken, often due to a direct blow to the eye. The force of the impact can cause the eyeball to move backward, breaking the bone and sometimes trapping the muscle that moves the eye (the inferior rectus).
2. Blow-in fracture: This type of fracture involves the breakage of the orbital roof, which is the bone that forms the upper boundary of the orbit. It typically occurs due to high-impact trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a significant height.
3. Direct fracture: A direct fracture happens when there is a break in one or more of the bones that form the walls of the orbit. This type of fracture can result from a variety of traumas, including motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and assaults.
4. Indirect fracture: An indirect fracture occurs when the force of an injury is transmitted to the orbit through tissues surrounding it, causing the bone to break. The most common type of indirect orbital fracture is a blowout fracture.

Orbital fractures can cause various symptoms, including pain, swelling, bruising, and double vision. In some cases, the fracture may also lead to enophthalmos (sinking of the eye into the orbit) or telecanthus (increased distance between the inner corners of the eyes). Imaging tests, such as CT scans, are often used to diagnose orbital fractures and determine the best course of treatment. Treatment may include observation, pain management, and in some cases, surgery to repair the fracture and restore normal function.

Bone density refers to the amount of bone mineral content (usually measured in grams) in a given volume of bone (usually measured in cubic centimeters). It is often used as an indicator of bone strength and fracture risk. Bone density is typically measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, which provide a T-score that compares the patient's bone density to that of a young adult reference population. A T-score of -1 or above is considered normal, while a T-score between -1 and -2.5 indicates osteopenia (low bone mass), and a T-score below -2.5 indicates osteoporosis (porous bones). Regular exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, and medication (if necessary) can help maintain or improve bone density and prevent fractures.

Follow-up studies are a type of longitudinal research that involve repeated observations or measurements of the same variables over a period of time, in order to understand their long-term effects or outcomes. In medical context, follow-up studies are often used to evaluate the safety and efficacy of medical treatments, interventions, or procedures.

In a typical follow-up study, a group of individuals (called a cohort) who have received a particular treatment or intervention are identified and then followed over time through periodic assessments or data collection. The data collected may include information on clinical outcomes, adverse events, changes in symptoms or functional status, and other relevant measures.

The results of follow-up studies can provide important insights into the long-term benefits and risks of medical interventions, as well as help to identify factors that may influence treatment effectiveness or patient outcomes. However, it is important to note that follow-up studies can be subject to various biases and limitations, such as loss to follow-up, recall bias, and changes in clinical practice over time, which must be carefully considered when interpreting the results.

Bony callus is a medical term that refers to the specialized tissue that forms in response to a bone fracture. It is a crucial part of the natural healing process, as it helps to stabilize and protect the broken bone while it mends.

When a bone is fractured, the body responds by initiating an inflammatory response, which triggers the production of various cells and signaling molecules that promote healing. As part of this process, specialized cells called osteoblasts begin to produce new bone tissue at the site of the fracture. This tissue is initially soft and pliable, allowing it to bridge the gap between the broken ends of the bone.

Over time, this soft callus gradually hardens and calcifies, forming a bony callus that helps to stabilize the fracture and provide additional support as the bone heals. The bony callus is typically composed of a mixture of woven bone (which is less organized than normal bone) and more structured lamellar bone (which is similar in structure to normal bone).

As the bone continues to heal, the bony callus may be gradually remodeled and reshaped by osteoclasts, which are specialized cells that break down and remove excess or unwanted bone tissue. This process helps to restore the bone's original shape and strength, allowing it to function normally again.

It is worth noting that excessive bony callus formation can sometimes lead to complications, such as stiffness, pain, or decreased range of motion in the affected limb. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove or reduce the size of the bony callus and promote proper healing.

Biomechanics is the application of mechanical laws to living structures and systems, particularly in the field of medicine and healthcare. A biomechanical phenomenon refers to a observable event or occurrence that involves the interaction of biological tissues or systems with mechanical forces. These phenomena can be studied at various levels, from the molecular and cellular level to the tissue, organ, and whole-body level.

Examples of biomechanical phenomena include:

1. The way that bones and muscles work together to produce movement (known as joint kinematics).
2. The mechanical behavior of biological tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments under various loads and stresses.
3. The response of cells and tissues to mechanical stimuli, such as the way that bone tissue adapts to changes in loading conditions (known as Wolff's law).
4. The biomechanics of injury and disease processes, such as the mechanisms of joint injury or the development of osteoarthritis.
5. The use of mechanical devices and interventions to treat medical conditions, such as orthopedic implants or assistive devices for mobility impairments.

Understanding biomechanical phenomena is essential for developing effective treatments and prevention strategies for a wide range of medical conditions, from musculoskeletal injuries to neurological disorders.

Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal studies, are a type of cohort study in which data is collected forward in time, following a group of individuals who share a common characteristic or exposure over a period of time. The researchers clearly define the study population and exposure of interest at the beginning of the study and follow up with the participants to determine the outcomes that develop over time. This type of study design allows for the investigation of causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as the identification of risk factors and the estimation of disease incidence rates. Prospective studies are particularly useful in epidemiology and medical research when studying diseases with long latency periods or rare outcomes.

Periprosthetic fractures are defined as fractures that occur in close proximity to a prosthetic joint, such as those found in total hip or knee replacements. These types of fractures typically occur as a result of low-energy trauma, and can be caused by a variety of factors including osteoporosis, bone weakness, or loosening of the prosthetic implant.

Periprosthetic fractures are classified based on the location of the fracture in relation to the prosthesis, as well as the stability of the implant. Treatment options for periprosthetic fractures may include non-surgical management, such as immobilization with a brace or cast, or surgical intervention, such as open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or revision arthroplasty.

The management of periprosthetic fractures can be complex and requires careful consideration of various factors, including the patient's age, overall health status, bone quality, and functional needs. As such, these types of fractures are typically managed by orthopedic surgeons with experience in joint replacement surgery and fracture care.

Postoperative complications refer to any unfavorable condition or event that occurs during the recovery period after a surgical procedure. These complications can vary in severity and may include, but are not limited to:

1. Infection: This can occur at the site of the incision or inside the body, such as pneumonia or urinary tract infection.
2. Bleeding: Excessive bleeding (hemorrhage) can lead to a drop in blood pressure and may require further surgical intervention.
3. Blood clots: These can form in the deep veins of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and can potentially travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism).
4. Wound dehiscence: This is when the surgical wound opens up, which can lead to infection and further complications.
5. Pulmonary issues: These include atelectasis (collapsed lung), pneumonia, or respiratory failure.
6. Cardiovascular problems: These include abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart attack, or stroke.
7. Renal failure: This can occur due to various reasons such as dehydration, blood loss, or the use of certain medications.
8. Pain management issues: Inadequate pain control can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and decreased mobility.
9. Nausea and vomiting: These can be caused by anesthesia, opioid pain medication, or other factors.
10. Delirium: This is a state of confusion and disorientation that can occur in the elderly or those with certain medical conditions.

Prompt identification and management of these complications are crucial to ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Forearm injuries refer to damages or traumas that affect the anatomy and function of the forearm, which is the area between the elbow and wrist. This region consists of two long bones (the radius and ulna) and several muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels that enable movements such as flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of the hand and wrist.

Common forearm injuries include:

1. Fractures: Breaks in the radius or ulna bones can occur due to high-energy trauma, falls, or sports accidents. These fractures may be simple (stable) or compound (displaced), and might require immobilization, casting, or surgical intervention depending on their severity and location.

2. Sprains and Strains: Overstretching or tearing of the ligaments connecting the bones in the forearm or the muscles and tendons responsible for movement can lead to sprains and strains. These injuries often cause pain, swelling, bruising, and limited mobility.

3. Dislocations: In some cases, forceful trauma might result in the dislocation of the radioulnar joint, where the ends of the radius and ulna meet. This injury can be extremely painful and may necessitate immediate medical attention to realign the bones and stabilize the joint.

4. Tendonitis: Repetitive motions or overuse can cause inflammation and irritation of the tendons in the forearm, resulting in a condition known as tendonitis. This injury typically presents with localized pain, swelling, and stiffness that worsen with activity.

5. Nerve Injuries: Direct trauma, compression, or stretching can damage nerves in the forearm, leading to numbness, tingling, weakness, or paralysis in the hand and fingers. Common nerve injuries include radial nerve neuropathy and ulnar nerve entrapment.

6. Compartment Syndrome: Forearm compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within one of the forearm's fascial compartments restricts blood flow to the muscles, nerves, and tissues inside. This condition can result from trauma, bleeding, or swelling and requires immediate medical intervention to prevent permanent damage.

Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing forearm injuries and ensuring optimal recovery. Patients should consult with a healthcare professional if they experience persistent pain, swelling, stiffness, weakness, or numbness in their forearms or hands.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a specific type of osteoporosis that occurs in women after they have gone through menopause. It is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures. In this condition, the decline in estrogen levels that occurs during menopause accelerates bone loss, resulting in a decrease in bone density and quality, which can lead to fragility fractures, particularly in the hips, wrists, and spine.

It's important to note that while postmenopausal osteoporosis is more common in women, men can also develop osteoporosis due to other factors such as aging, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions.

Maxillary fractures, also known as Le Fort fractures, are complex fractures that involve the upper jaw or maxilla. Named after the French surgeon René Le Fort who first described them in 1901, these fractures are categorized into three types (Le Fort I, II, III) based on the pattern and level of bone involvement.

1. Le Fort I fracture: This type of maxillary fracture involves a horizontal separation through the lower part of the maxilla, just above the teeth's roots. It often results from direct blows to the lower face or chin.

2. Le Fort II fracture: A Le Fort II fracture is characterized by a pyramidal-shaped fracture pattern that extends from the nasal bridge through the inferior orbital rim and maxilla, ending at the pterygoid plates. This type of fracture usually results from forceful impacts to the midface or nose.

3. Le Fort III fracture: A Le Fort III fracture is a severe craniofacial injury that involves both the upper and lower parts of the face. It is also known as a "craniofacial dysjunction" because it separates the facial bones from the skull base. The fracture line extends through the nasal bridge, orbital rims, zygomatic arches, and maxilla, ending at the pterygoid plates. Le Fort III fractures typically result from high-impact trauma to the face, such as car accidents or assaults.

These fractures often require surgical intervention for proper alignment and stabilization of the facial bones.

Distal radius fractures typically result in loss of length as the radius collapses from the loading force of the injury. With ... A dorsal tilt of a distal radius fracture is shown in red in image at right. The angulation goes between: A line drawn between ... Fracture and Orthopaedic Clinic. "Intraarticular Fractures , Fracture And Orthopaedic Clinic Limited". www.faoconline.com. ... The radial inclination of a distal radius fracture is shown in red in image at right. The angle is measured between: A line ...
Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures seen in adults and children. Distal radius fractures account for 18% of ... A distal radius fracture, also known as wrist fracture, is a break of the part of the radius bone which is close to the wrist. ... Distal radius fractures are common, and are the most common type of fractures that are seen in children. Distal radius ... of wrist fractures. About 57% to 66% of the fractures are extra-articular fractures, 9% to 16% are partial-articular fractures ...
Distal ulna fractures typically occur along with distal radius fractures. Hume fracture - a fracture of the olecranon with an ... Monteggia Fracture (fracture of proximal ulna) Galeazzi facture (displaced fracture of the radius) If the fracture is not ... Galeazzi fracture - not a fracture of the ulna but a displaced fracture of the radius accompanied by a dislocation of the ulna ... Monteggia fracture - a fracture of the near to elbow end of the ulna with the dislocation of the head of the radius at the ...
A Colles' fracture is a type of fracture of the distal forearm in which the broken end of the radius is bent backwards. ... The term Colles fracture is classically used to describe a fracture at the distal end of the radius, at its cortico-cancellous ... The classic Colles fracture has the following characteristics: Transverse fracture of the radius 2.5 cm (0.98 inches) proximal ... Colles fracture is a common fracture in people with osteoporosis, second only to vertebral fractures.[citation needed] ...
Scaphoid fracture: bony DISI Distal radius fracture: compensatory DISI Malunion of radius fracture: adaptive DISI Scapholunate ... Distal Radius Fractures: Current Concepts. Springer. ISBN 9783642546044.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ... The main cause of DISI is wrist trauma, with or without a fracture: ...
... fractures to the right radius; fractured left toes; and lacerations of the face, abdomen, and leg, resulting in permanent ... She suffered traumatic amputation of the right hand except for the thumb; multiple skull and facial bone fractures; ...
Lund, F. B. (1904-11-03). "Fractures of the Radius in Starting Automobiles". The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 151 (18 ... Chauffeur's fracture, also known as Hutchinson fracture, is a type of intraarticular oblique fracture of the radial styloid ... Jonathan Hutchinson first described Chauffeur's fracture in 1866. The term "Chauffeur's fracture" originated from Just Lucas- ... The injury is typically caused by compression of the scaphoid bone of the hand against the styloid process of the distal radius ...
Distal radius fracture Karantana, Alexia; Handoll, Helen Hg; Sabouni, Ammar (February 2020). "Percutaneous pinning for treating ... Fernandez, Diego L.; Jesse B. Jupiter (2002). Fractures of the Distal Radius: A Practical Approach to Management (Second ed.). ... Similar to other techniques to repair a fracture, there is also a risk that the fracture may not stay in position. There is ... Percutaneous pinning involves inserting wires through a person's skin for stabilizing the fractured bone. Many fractures can be ...
"Distal radius fractures in children: substantial difference in stability between buckle and greenstick fractures". Acta ... A Torus fracture, also known as a buckle fracture is the most common fracture in children. It is a common occurrence following ... As with other fractures, the site of fracture may be tender to touch and cause a sharp pain if pressure is exerted on the ... As aforementioned, the most common buckle fracture is of the distal radius in the forearm, which typically originates from a ...
Common orthopaedic diagnoses are: Frozen shoulder Distal radius fracture such as Colles fracture, Hallux rigidus or limitus ACL ... "Dynamic splinting in wrist extension following distal radius fractures". Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 5 (53): ... Dynamic splinting is contraindicated If there is an unstable fracture, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or a bone to bone end feel. ... Total Knee Replacement Open reduction internal fixation External fixation Rheumatoid arthritis Dupuytren's contracture Fracture ...
Fractures and Injuries of the Distal Radius and Carpus. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 529-541. doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4083- ... It arises from the grooved anterior (side of palm) surface of the body of the radius, extending from immediately below the ... Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna. Transverse section across the wrist and digits. The mucous sheaths of ... Fernandez DL (2009-01-01). "Chapter 56: Osteotomy for Extra-articular Malunion of the Distal Radius". In Slutsky DJ, Osterman ...
A Smith's fracture, is a fracture of the distal radius. Although it can also be caused by a direct blow to the dorsal forearm ... displacement of the fracture. Treatment of this fracture depends on the severity of the fracture. An undisplaced fracture may ... PA radiography will look very similar to a Colles' fracture, with a fracture along the distal metaphysis of the radius (can be ... Smith's fractures are less common than Colles' fractures. The distal fracture fragment is displaced volarly (ventrally), as ...
Fernandez, Diego L.; Jupiter, Jesse B. (2002). Fractures of the Distal Radius: A Practical Approach to Management. Springer. p ... Type 3: Dorsal radius comminuted, radial length less than 4 mm, distal fragment slightly comminuted. Type 4: Marked comminution ... In the Older's classification system there are four types of fractures. Type 1: Dorsal angulation up to five degrees, radial ... Older's classification is a system of categorizing Colles' fractures, proposed in 1965. ...
... or intra-articular fractures. Arthroscopy can be used to treat an intra-articular distal radius fracture and at the same time ... Distal radius fractures might occur when a person falls on an outstretched hand (FOOSH). Immediate pain, swelling and loss of ... Arthroscopy has good results as treatment for distal radius fracture, with over 85% of the patiënts showing good to excellent ... Khanchandani, P.; Badia, A. (2013). "Functional outcome of arthroscopic assisted fixation of distal radius fractures". Indian ...
Fernandez, Diego L.; Jupiter, Jesse B. (2012). Fractures of the Distal Radius: A Practical Approach to Management. Springer ... In the Gartland & Werley classification system there are three types of fractures. The classification system is based on ... Gartland & Werley classification is a system of categorizing Colles' fractures. ...
Tendinopathy of the ECU Ulnar styloid fracture Distal radius fracture DRUJ arthritis Pisiform bone fractures Hamate bone ... Fractures of the radius bone are often associated by TFCC damage. If the fracture is treated surgically it is recommended to ... Closed fractures (where the skin is still intact) of the radius bone are treated non-surgically with cast; the immobilization ... Finally, tears of the TFCC are frequently found by patients with distal radius fractures. Perforations and defects in the TFCC ...
David J. Slutsky; A. Lee Osterman (12 December 2008). Fractures and injuries of the distal radius and carpus: the cutting edge ...
"Reconstruction: Ulnar shortening osteotomy for distal radius fracture malunion". Coffey MJ, Scheker LR, Thirkannad SM (December ... Now the radius is cut dome shaped and straightened. The distal end of the radius stays attached to the ulna. The dome shape of ... such as a fracture of the distal end of the radius with upward displacement of the distal fragment. The deformity varies in ... When the epiphysis is clearly defined more bone is removed so the radius is in its normal position and prevents a new bone bar ...
... on the fractured radius lies almost parallel to the bone's long axis, which suggests that the radius was constantly remodeling ... There is a fractured right radius of a particular specimen that shines light onto early tetrapod habitualization. A broken ... The oldest known pathological bone of a tetrapod, a fractured right radius, has been referred to Ossinodus. Ossinodus is one of ... The most famous Ossinodus bone is the fractured radius. Along the edge of the extensor and flexor surfaces, there are prominent ...
"Use of a new exsanguination tourniquet in internal fixation of distal radius fractures". Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity ...
On December 6, he suffered a fracture of the right radius with capsuloligamentous involvement during the fourth quarter of a ... Carchia, Emiliano (December 18, 2021). "Olimpia Milano says Shields fractured right radius with capsuloligamentous involvement ...
Radial shaft fracture Distal radius fracture Galeazzi fracture - a fracture of the radius with dislocation of the distal ... Specific fracture types of the radius include: Proximal radius fracture. A fracture within the capsule of the elbow joint ... Radius Bone and Radius of a circle comparison. Position of radius (shown in red). Radius, styloid process - anterior view ... a distal fracture of the radius with dorsal (posterior) displacement of the wrist and hand Smith's fracture - a distal fracture ...
Talwalkar, AK; Talwalkar, OA (1967). "Treatment of simple fractures of radius and ulna with internal fixation without external ... for the replacement of joints of the fingers Talwalkar nail for fracture of radius and ulna Thompson prosthesis for fracture of ... fractures of femur Ender's nail for fixing intertrochanteric fracture Grosse-Kempf nail for tibial or femoral shaft fracture ... "History of fracture treatment". Medscape. Retrieved 12 August 2012. Stinchfield, Frank E.; Cooperman, Bernard; Shea, Cyril E. ( ...
... fractures to the carpal bones are referred to as carpal fractures, while fractures such as distal radius fracture are often ... A wrist fracture usually means a fracture of the distal radius. The English word "wrist" is etymologically derived from the ... Formed by the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius, this joint is separated from the radiocarpal joint by an ... The parts forming the radiocarpal joint are the lower end of the radius and under surface of the articular disk above; and the ...
Fractures were expected to extend to a radius of around 650 feet (200 m). The natural gas storage capacity was expected to be ... Project Gasbuggy sought to gather data on fracturing low-permeability strata to stimulate gas production. Gasbuggy succeeded in ... showed that better understanding of the effects of rock fracturing was needed before Project Ketch could proceed. The project ... increasing permeability, to the point that groundwater filled an unexpected proportion of the fractures. The Gasbuggy results ...
Jordan, R. W.; Saithna, A. (October 2015). "Defining the role of intramedullary nailing for fractures of the distal radius: a ... IM nails have long been used to treat fractures of long bones of the body. Gerhard Küntscher is credited with the first use of ... Lefaivre, K. A.; Guy, P.; Chan, H.; Blachut, P. A. (2008). "Long-Term Follow-up of Tibial Shaft Fractures Treated with ... Prior to that, treatment of such fractures was limited to traction or plaster, both of which required long periods of ...
In January 2013, he fractured his thumb. On 2 March 2013 he suffered a fracture to his left radius. On 7 March he had surgery ... On 9 July 2021 he signed with Nanterre 92 of LNB Pro A. "Fracture du pouce pour Benjamin Sene". bebasket.fr. January 13, 2013. ...
It is an intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint. There exist two types of ... Intra-articular component distinguishes this fracture from a Smith's or a Colles' fracture. Treatment of this fracture is ... A Barton's fracture is a type of wrist injury where there is a broken bone associated with a dislocated bone in the wrist, ... The Barton's fracture is caused by a fall on an extended and pronated wrist increasing carpal compression force on the dorsal ...
"Morphometric Analysis of Lister's Tubercle and Its Consequences on Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures". The ... Lister's tubercle or dorsal tubercle of radius is a bony prominence located at the distal end of the radius. It is palpable on ... Fractures of Lister's tubercle have an increased risk of delayed extensor pollicis longus rupture in distal radial fractures". ... An "island-shaped" fracture can also expose the tendon to a rough edge and lead to tendon rupture (usually long after the ...
However, he had to withdraw from the event with a fractured left radius. Therefore, Johann Zarco became World Champion - the ...
Distal radius fractures typically result in loss of length as the radius collapses from the loading force of the injury. With ... A dorsal tilt of a distal radius fracture is shown in red in image at right. The angulation goes between: A line drawn between ... Fracture and Orthopaedic Clinic. "Intraarticular Fractures , Fracture And Orthopaedic Clinic Limited". www.faoconline.com. ... The radial inclination of a distal radius fracture is shown in red in image at right. The angle is measured between: A line ...
... Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2010;68(2):112-8. ...
... distal radius fractures (DRFs) were thought to be wrist dislocations. Pouteau first varied from this tradition when he ... described a variety of forearm fractures in the French literature, including a DRF. ... encoded search term (Distal Radius Fractures) and Distal Radius Fractures What to Read Next on Medscape ... Distal radius instability and stiffness: common complications of distal radius fractures. Hand Clin. 2010 May. 26 (2):245-64. [ ...
In adults, distal radius fractures are the most common forearm fractures and are typically caused by a fall onto an ... Combined fractures involving both the ulna and radius generally require surgical correction. Radial head fractures may be ... A fall onto an outstretched hand is the most common mechanism of injury for fractures of the radius and ulna. Evaluation with ... A nondisplaced, or minimally displaced, distal radius fracture is initially treated with a sugar-tong splint, followed by a ...
This case report may provide new findings confirming the usefulness of this surgical approach for distal radius fractures. ... on the right forearm was observed in a 53-year-old female who was diagnosed with a distal fracture of the right radius and ... we performed osteosynthesis for a distal radius fracture using a minimally invasive approach for a patient with skin disorder ... Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis for a Distal Radius Fracture with Forearm Skin Problem. Kiyohito Naito. ,1Yoichi ...
The radius fracture was barely displaced, but complaints were increasing, particularly when the wrist and/or fingers were ... This suggested direct involvement of the median nerve at the fracture site, so magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the forearm ... This report highlights the utility of MRI for detecting median nerve entrapment at a fracture site, allowing immediate surgical ... Short tau inversion recovery MRI visualized significant deviation and entrapment of the median nerve at the fracture site. ...
We investigated the patterns of opioid prescription after distal radius fracture and the effect of pre- and post-fracture ... We investigated the patterns of opioid prescription after distal radius fracture and the effect of pre- and post-fracture ... We investigated the patterns of opioid prescription after distal radius fracture and the effect of pre- and post-fracture ... 9369 adult patients with a radius fracture diagnosed 2015-2018 were followed for one year after fracture. We calculated ...
Distal Radius Articular Multifragmentary Fracture / El bilek eklem içi parçalı kırığı. How I treated; 41 /Male, Distal Radius ... Editor-in-Chief uploaded a new media, Distal Radius Articular Multifragmentary Fracture / El bilek eklem içi parçalı kırığı ...
ICD-10 code S52.133S for Displaced fracture of neck of unspecified radius, sequela is a medical classification as listed by WHO ... Displaced fracture of neck of unspecified radius, sequela S52.1. Excludes2: physeal fractures of upper end of radius (S59.2-). ... ICD-10-CM Code for Displaced fracture of neck of unspecified radius, sequela S52.133S ICD-10 code S52.133S for Displaced ... fracture of neck of unspecified radius, sequela is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Injury, ...
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In addition, changes in the dorsovolar position of the ulnar head relative to the radius were calculated after simulating each ... Purpose To examine the effect of volar angulation deformities of the distal radius with and without triangular fibrocartilage ... Methods Volar angulation deformities of the distal radius with 10° and 20° angulation from the native orientation were created ... Clinical relevance This study demonstrated the importance of correcting volar angulation deformities of the distal radius to ...
This has not yet been thoroughly examined following a distal radius fracture (DRF). The purpose of this study was to ... of the variation at 3 month after the fracture (n = 391). At 6 months post injury (n = 319), grip strength, arc motion for ... This has not yet been thoroughly examined following a distal radius fracture (DRF). The purpose of this study was to ... Do Impairments Predict Hand Dexterity After Distal Radius Fractures? A 6-Month Prospective Cohort Study ...
FX-550 TiB FX-550 Ti FX-550 G10B FX-550 G10OD FX-550 DCFR ... He is known for being the inventor of the - Radius lock system ...
... - Als PDF herunterladen oder kostenlos online ansehen ... Colles fracture 2. Smiths fracture 3. Bartons fracture 4. Chauffers fracture/Hutchinsons fracture 5. Die punch fracture / ... yt reddy distal radius fractures modified von Dr. yt reddy distal radius fractures modifiedvaruntandra. 18.8K. views•93 Folien ... DISTAL END OF RADIUS FRACTURE AND DISLOCATION MANAGEMENT.pptx. *1. DISTAL END OF RADIUS FRACTURE AND DISLOCATION MANAGEMENT Dr ...
... in pain at 3 days between children treated with offer of a bandage and rigid immobilisation for distal radius torus fracture. ...
Distal Radius Fractures - Etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, diagnosis & prognosis from the MSD Manuals - Medical ... Distal Radius Fractures (Wrist Fractures; Colles Fractures; Smith Fractures). By Danielle Campagne , MD, University of ... See also Overview of Fractures Overview of Fractures A fracture is a break in a bone. Most fractures result from a single, ... Symptoms and Signs of Distal Radius Fractures A wrist fracture (Colles or Smith) can cause deformity or swelling, which can ...
Subject: Distal Radius Fractures - Functional Score Date: Wed, 5 Jun 2002 07:47:37 -0700 (PDT) From: Zsolt Balogh I would like ... opinion about your preferred functional scoring system after distal radius fractures. Thank you very much. Zsolt Balogh, MD ...
Inicio/Mano - Microcirugía/Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures. Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures. 26 de marzo de 2010 Mano ... clinical practice guideline is based on a systematic review of published studies on the treatment of distal radius fractures in ... The role of cerclage wiring in the management of subtrochanteric and reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures: a meta- ... The remaining five moderate-strength recommendations include surgical fixation, rather than cast fixation, for fractures with ...
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... is the most common fracture that people suffer from. Alongside the impairment of wrist function… ... The distal radius fracture (broken wrist, DRF) is the most common fracture that people suffer from. Alongside the impairment of ... In the event of an intra-articular radius fracture and suspected accompanying fracture of the carpal bone, a computed ... Radial fractures with a malpositon of more than 20 degrees, fractures with palmar angulation, and all joint fractures with " ...
... A distal radius fracture, also known as wrist fracture, is a break of the part of the radius bone which ... Distal radius fractures are common. They represent between 25 and 50% of broken bones. They occur most commonly in young males ... AKREDITASI (2) Al-Quran (1) AROM (1) BHAYANGKARA (1) Cedera (1) CWCCA (1) Defect (1) Flap (1) fracture (1) Graft (1) HPK (1) ... radius (1) ROM (1) RS (3) RUMAH SAKIT (2) Skin (1) SPT (1) SURVEIOR (2) susu tulang (1) TAHUNAN (1) TKA (1) Total Knee ...
Displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius are a unique subset of distal radius fractures. These fractures are ... Intra-articular fractures of the distal radius are usually associated with abundant fracture hematoma and debris.8 Thorough ... It is important when evaluating a radiograph of a distal radius fracture to understand fracture patterns that may be unstable ... displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. The displaced articular surface of the distal radius may be viewed ...
Distal radius fracture cameroun infos, cameroun web info, info du jour au cameroun, camerounweb ...
Tag: distal radius fracture. Buried tendons. An unusual complication of physis fracture. Posted on March 4, 2019. July 21, 2022 ... Posted in Volume 21 (2017) - Issue 1 Tagged distal radius fracture, growth arrest, Tendon entrapment, tendon incarceration ...
A distal radius fracture is a break of the larger bone of the wrist. This can occur in patients of all ages from a ... Distal Radius Fracture. What is a Distal Radius Fracture?. A distal radius fracture is a break of the larger bone of the wrist ... How is a Distal Radius Fracture Diagnosed?. To diagnose a distal radius fracture, your doctor may use a physical examination ... Distal radius fractures do not always require surgery. Many heal just fine without an operation. Minor fractures with minimal ...
... wrist fractures and injuries in White Plains, Manhattan and Westchester, NY. ... Dr Elkowitz offers treatment for distal radius fractures, ... Distal Radius Fractures. Distal Radius Fractures. The forearm ... Comminuted fracture: Bone fractured into more than two pieces. What are the causes of distal radius fracture?. Falling on an ... How is a distal radius fracture diagnosed?. Your doctor will diagnose distal radius fractures by ordering an X-ray of the wrist ...
What is a Distal Radius (Wrist) Fracture?*The radius is the larger of the two long forearm bones that connects the elbow to the ... The distal radius fracture is the most commonly occurring fracture in the arm. ... A distal radius fracture occurs when the end of the bone, closest to the wrist, breaks. ... If the fracture is complex or offset, a surgery may be need to position the bone in proper alignment while the fracture heals. ...
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... and imaging are the three steps typically utilized to diagnose a distal radius fracture. ... There are several ways to classify a distal radius fracture, which can have an effect on how it is treated:. *Intra-articular ... This is the most reliable way to diagnose a distal radius fracture. Physicians will almost always order an X-ray exam of the ... Physicians usually follow a three-step process to diagnose a distal radius fracture:. Patient history. The physician will ask ...
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  • Nowadays, the gold standard of treatment for radius fractures is fixation with an angle-locking plate. (profsauerbier.com)
  • During the operation, following a skin incision on the flexor side of the radius, repositioning of the fracture and plate fixation of the fractured segments of the radius takes place. (profsauerbier.com)
  • CPT 25608 indicates fractures requiring fixation of one or two segments and Code 25609 indicates fractures requiring fixation of three or more fractures. (namokarhealthcare.com)
  • ORIF distal radius CPT fractures can get complicated because of new technology (e.g., fracture specific fixation, fixed-angle plate fixation), and the recognition of distal radial fractures requires accurate repair. (namokarhealthcare.com)
  • Effect of an unrepaired fracture of the ulnar styloid base on outcome after plate-and-screw fixation of a distal radial fracture. (ac.ir)
  • Zenke Y, Sakai A, Oshige T, Moritani S, Nakamura T. The effect of an associated ulnar styloid fracture on the outcome after fixation of a fracture of the distal radius. (ac.ir)
  • A 70-year-old female underwent open reduction and internal fixation with a 3.5 mm volar locking plate for the treatment of a right intra-articular distal radius fracture with volar displacement. (fortuneonline.org)
  • The present study was undertaken to evaluate the results of using volar locking plate for fixation of intra-articular fractures of distal end radius, with emphasis on return to pre-injury employment assessment. (ijoro.org)
  • Open reduction and internal fixation with volar locking plate is reliable and excellent methods of management of intra-articular fracture of distal end of radius especially shear type of injury (AO type B2 and B3) in adults. (ijoro.org)
  • Handoll HH, Huntley JS, Madhok R. External Fixation versus conservative treatment for distal radius fractures in adults. (ijoro.org)
  • External Fixation of distal radius fractures. (ijoro.org)
  • Schnall SB, Kim BJ, Abramo A, Kopylov P. Fixation of distal radius fractures using a fragment-specific system. (ijoro.org)
  • Doi K, Hattori Y, Otsuka K, Abe Y, Yamamoto H. Intra-articular fractures of distal aspect of radius: arthroscopically assisted reduction compared with open reduction and internal fixation. (ijoro.org)
  • Rader CP, Rauber C, Rehm KE, Koebke J. Internal fixation of the distal radius. (ijoro.org)
  • Open reduction and internal fixation of displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. (ijoro.org)
  • Volar fixation of dorsally displaced distal radial fracture using locking compression plate. (ijoro.org)
  • Appropriate medical treatment for osteoporosis, adequate fracture fixation, rehabilitation and lifestyle modifications (e.g., calcium and vitamin supplementation, weight-bearing exercises and minimizing the risk of falls) could facilitate optimal functional recovery, a reduction in future fracture risk and an overall improvement in health-related quality of life. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, an unstable, displaced intra-articular fracture is difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis without operative intervention. (wikipedia.org)
  • The symptoms occurring with distal radius fractures include bruising, swelling, immediate pain and tenderness, and limited mobility. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • To diagnose a distal radius fracture, your doctor may use a physical examination and imaging tests. (renoortho.com)
  • This is the most reliable way to diagnose a distal radius fracture. (sports-health.com)
  • At one extreme, a stable undisplaced extra-articular fracture has an excellent prognosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three main groups based on fracture joint involvement (A - extra-articular, B - partial articular, C - complete articular). (wikipedia.org)
  • Other types of distal radius fractures include intra articular, extra-articular, simple and comminuted fractures. (renoortho.com)
  • This fracture pattern included both extra articular as well as intra articular involvement and also formed part of the fracture dislocation of the wrist. (orthopaper.com)
  • Torn TFCCs constitute 35% of intra-articular fractures and 53% of extra-articular fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Injuries that are difficult to salvage, such as unstable scaphoid fractures or comminuted distal radius fractures, should undergo definitive management, and the athlete should avoid return to play until adequate healing has been demonstrated. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • The distal radii of 10 fresh sheep foreleg specimens were osteotomized and a pressure sensor was inserted between the two bone fragments. (nih.gov)
  • Plain X-ray examination revealed a distal radius fracture accompanied by dorsal displacement of the distal bone fragment (AO classification: type A2) (Figures 2(a) and 2(b) ). (hindawi.com)
  • Plain X-ray images showed a distal radius fracture accompanied by dorsal displacement of the distal bone fragment. (hindawi.com)
  • Overview of Fractures A fracture is a break in a bone. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Most fractures result from a single, significant force applied to normal bone. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If the force of the impact is great, the radius may be impacted, shortening the bone. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the event of an intra-articular radius fracture and suspected accompanying fracture of the carpal bone, a computed tomography (CT) scan of the sagittal and coronary plane should be taken to plan therapy. (profsauerbier.com)
  • The most commonly occurring distal radius fracture is the colles fracture, which leads to an upward tilting of the broken radius bone. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • Your doctor will diagnose distal radius fractures by ordering an X-ray of the wrist to detect broken or displaced bone. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • If the bone is aligned properly even after the fracture, a plaster cast may be enough to allow it to heal on its own. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • A distal radius fracture occurs when the end of the bone, closest to the wrist, breaks. (handhealth.online)
  • If the fracture is complex or offset, a surgery may be need to position the bone in proper alignment while the fracture heals. (handhealth.online)
  • A distal radius fracture is a break of the larger bone of the wrist. (renoortho.com)
  • The distal radius is the largest support bone of the wrist. (renoortho.com)
  • Jack had a both-bone forearm fracture, a common type involving both the radius and ulna. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • The X-ray revealed a both-bone forearm fracture, confirming Jack's suspicion. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • Fractures occur in older individuals as a result of a trivial trauma /fall owing to the lack of bone density. (orthopaper.com)
  • The Distal Radius is the end of the forearm bone that connects to the wrist bones below the thumb. (cmcdubai.ae)
  • Fractures of this bone are one of the most common fractures in the human body, accounting for about 20% of all fractures. (cmcdubai.ae)
  • A Wrist Fracture typically occurs when there is trauma to the wrist, such as a fall onto an outstretched hand, car accidents, sports injuries, and certain medical conditions such as osteoporosis, cancer or bone infections can also weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures. (cmcdubai.ae)
  • In more severe cases, the bone may be displaced, which can cause deformity or even a compound fracture (protrusion from the skin) and require surgical intervention. (cmcdubai.ae)
  • The radius is a long bone,one of the four types of bone in the body. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Which bone is distal to the radius and ulna? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • The percentage of trabecular bone in the most distal 10% of the length of the radius and ulna remains approximately constant with age but the percentage in the segment which lies between 30% and 40% of the length, measured from the styloid process, increases with age. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • distal end of the radius, comprise the form and structure of the end of the bone, the joint articulations with the carpus and ulna, and the stabilizing liga- ments. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • The most commonly occurring distal radius fracture is the Colles fracture, which is characterized by an upward tilting of the broken radius bone. (nwishoulder.com)
  • A plate was secured over the radius fracture, after it was reduced, and held in place with a number of bone screws. (millenniumvets.co.uk)
  • The bone of the distal radius, ulna and carpus was re-absorbed. (orthopaedicweblinks.com)
  • If you have a small fracture and the bone pieces do not move out of place, you will likely wear a splint for 3 to 5 weeks. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This type of fracture involves an injury to the distal end of the radial bone which forms part of the wrist joint. (phytid.org)
  • this is probably as fractures differ in severity and impact from bone to bone. (phytid.org)
  • A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx , F x , or # ) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture . (wikipedia.org)
  • [1] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . (wikipedia.org)
  • Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stages in Fracture Repair: The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The natural process of healing a fracture starts when the injured bone and surrounding tissues bleed, forming a fracture hematoma . (wikipedia.org)
  • Diffucult elbow fracture in elbow. (orthogate.org)
  • The radius is the larger of the two long forearm bones that connects the elbow to the wrist. (handhealth.online)
  • A ulna fracture with dislocation of the radial head at the elbow. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • Stiffness: Limited motion in the wrist and elbow after the fracture heals. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • The radius is the larger of the two bones between your elbow and wrist. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Articular incongruity Volar or dorsal tilt Radial inclination Radial length and ulnar variance Comminution of the fracture (the amount of crumbling at the fracture site) Open (compound fracture) vs. closed injury Associated ulnar styloid fracture Associated soft tissue injuries The articular joint's surface must be smooth for it to function properly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Distal radius fractures typically result in loss of length as the radius collapses from the loading force of the injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simplified system developed in response to AO classification, intended to be based on injury mechanism with more treatment-oriented classifications (treatment suggestions not meant to be used as rigid guidelines but can be used to help decision making on a case-by-case basis) Note: Associated Lesions include carpal ligament injury, nerve injury, tendon damage, and compartment syndrome Limited, Fracture and Orthopaedic Clinic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Blister formation on the right forearm was observed in a 53-year-old female who was diagnosed with a distal fracture of the right radius and underwent splinting in a local hospital, and she was referred to our hospital 2 days after the injury. (hindawi.com)
  • Median nerve entrapment at the fracture site was therefore suspected, and MRI was performed on day 7 after injury to depict the median nerve in the forearm and clarify the indications for surgical exploration. (hindawi.com)
  • Almost all of the median nerve was trapped within the fracture site, but release was successfully achieved with a surgical procedure on day 10 after injury (Figure 3 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Less often, volar displacement (called Smith fracture) occurs because the wrist was flexed during the injury. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Surgery is recommended for all open fractures within a few hours after the wrist injury. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • An MRI or CT test can be helpful to examine complex fractures or look for additional injury to nearby soft tissues. (sports-health.com)
  • Using data from the Wrist and Radius Injury Surgical Trial (WRIST), a 24-site randomized study of distal radius fracture treatment, in which all fractures are severe enough to warrant surgery, we set out to perform a secondary data analysis to explore predictors of better or worse hand outcomes. (umn.edu)
  • Treatment for distal radius fractures depends on the severity of the injury. (cmcdubai.ae)
  • Major complications of distal radius fractures include carpal instability, distal radioulnar joint injury, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), tendon rupture, ulnar-sided wrist pain and malunion. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • A Colles wrist fracture is caused by a forceful injury to the wrist. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A fracture of the distal radius (FDR) is an injury which occurs predominantly in older females and is usually caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand [4]. (phytid.org)
  • There are so many different types of fractures and treatment options for a wrist-related spoke fracture that it is difficult to predict the impact for each individual case. (hickeysolution.com)
  • If non-operative care is chosen, regular follow-up care for a physical exam and x-rays is important to ensure that the fracture stays in good position and heals appropriately. (renoortho.com)
  • Sometimes patients with wrist fractures can develop acute carpal tunnel syndrome with numbness in the thumb, index and middle fingers. (renoortho.com)
  • Hand numbness and carpal tunnel syndrome after volar plating of distal radius fracture. (ijoro.org)
  • The wrist consists of the distal radius, the ulna, the carpal bones, and the bases of the metacarpals. (medscape.com)
  • The most common fracture pattern usually demonstrates malalignment of this angle and collapse in a dorsal direction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The distal radius fracture (broken wrist, DRF) is the most common fracture that people suffer from. (profsauerbier.com)
  • A Colles fracture is a common fracture that happens more often in women than men. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This case report may provide new findings confirming the usefulness of this surgical approach for distal radius fractures. (hindawi.com)
  • Median nerve entrapment with forearm fracture is rare, and surgical exploration in the early stage is rarely performed. (hindawi.com)
  • This report highlights the utility of MRI for detecting median nerve entrapment at a fracture site, allowing immediate surgical release. (hindawi.com)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly depicted the entrapment at the fracture site and surgical release was immediately and successfully performed. (hindawi.com)
  • The decision of whether or not to proceed with conservative or surgical therapy should not be based on the x-ray following repositioning of the fracture, but rather on the images taken directly after the accident. (profsauerbier.com)
  • Radial fractures with a malpositon of more than 20 degrees, fractures with palmar angulation, and all joint fractures with "step-offs" measuring more than 2 mm, should undergo surgical treatment. (profsauerbier.com)
  • Surgical therapy is recommended for fractures that are completely displaced and cannot be corrected with a cast. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • In cases where there are many pieces or severe intra articular fractures, a CT(Computed Tomography) Scan is ordered to help guide surgical treatment. (renoortho.com)
  • A surgical procedure in which an incision is made to access the fracture site, and the broken pieces are realigned. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • Care for complications of surgical treatment for fracture repairs during the healing or recovery phase should be coded with the appropriate complication codes. (icdlist.com)
  • Optimal surgical treatment of the fracture, when indicated, and high-quality postfracture care in terms of evaluation and appropriate medical treatment of osteoporosis, rehabilitation, lifestyle modifications and secondary fall prevention should be provided for optimal functional recovery, reduction of future fracture risk and improvement of overall quality of life. (medscape.com)
  • Other complications (eg, stiffness, permanent deformity, pain, osteoarthritis, complex regional pain syndromes) can occur, particularly if the fracture extends into or causes displacement or angulation of the wrist joint. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Despite proper treatment, some complications can arise from forearm fractures. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • Jack followed this process at Urgent Care Brisbane, and his radius and ulnar shaft fracture healed well without complications. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • without manipulation 25606 Percutaneous When coding a closed fracture, coders must add one of the following seventh characters to each code: Compressive neuropathy is one of the most important complications of Colles fractures and usually involves the median nerve. (namokarhealthcare.com)
  • What are the complications of distal radius fracture? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Care of complications of fractures, such as malunion and nonunion, should be reported with the appropriate 7th character for subsequent care with nonunion (K, M, N,) or subsequent care with malunion (P, Q, R). (icdlist.com)
  • In this summary, we review the consensus regarding outcomes assessment after distal radius fractures and propose a systematic approach that integrates performance, patient-reported outcomes, pain, complications, and radiographs. (wustl.edu)
  • Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] Complications of fractures may be classified into three broad groups, depending upon their time of occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immediate complications - occurs at the time of the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early complications - occurring in the initial few days after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Late complications - occurring a long time after the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conclusion: Le traitement des fractures décollements épiphysaires du radius distal chez l'enfant s'accompagne d'un faible taux de complications. (bvsalud.org)
  • Treatment of unstable distal radial fractures with volar locking plate system. (ijoro.org)
  • Drobetz H, Kutscha-Lissberg E. Osteosynthesis of distal radial fractures with a volar locking screw plate system. (ijoro.org)
  • The prevalence of radius fracture increases with age due to the increased likelihood of osteoporosis. (profsauerbier.com)
  • Weakening of the bones due to aging or certain medical conditions, such as osteoporosis, can increase the risk of fractures from even minor falls or accidents. (cmcdubai.ae)
  • Having osteoporosis is a major risk factor for wrist fractures. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Below the age of 55 fractures are more common in males whereas over 55 years this trend gradually reverses [2] due to factors such as osteoporosis [2,3]. (phytid.org)
  • and numerous treatments as well as fall prevention strategies have been developed to reduce the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to fractures, musculoskeletal injuries include Joint dislocations. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Pins use smaller incisions and are usually used for less serious injuries or in kids with wrist fractures. (renoortho.com)
  • The principles of multiple coding of injuries should be followed in coding fractures. (icdlist.com)
  • Distal radius fractures are one of the most common upper extremity injuries. (wustl.edu)
  • There is no correlation between ulnar styloid fractures and TFCC injuries. (medscape.com)
  • These symptoms are often transient and attributable to stretching of the median nerve near the fracture site. (hindawi.com)
  • What are the symptoms of distal radius fracture? (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • This study demonstrated that the normal course of recovery following a distal radius fracture is one where severe symptoms subside within the first two-months and the majority of patients can be expected to have minimal pain and disability by six-months following fracture. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • The symptoms of distal radius fractures include bruising, swelling, immediate pain and tenderness, and limited mobility. (nwishoulder.com)
  • Damage to adjacent structures such as nerves, muscles or blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots (for spine fractures), or cranial contents (for skull fractures) may cause other specific signs and symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using modified Poisson regression, we calculated adjusted risk ratios for the following exposures: previous opioid use, mental illness, consultation for pain, surgery for distal radius fracture and occupational/ physical therapy after fracture. (lu.se)
  • If the fractured bones are so offset that they can not be held in stable alignment with a cast, surgery may be required to stabilize the fracture. (handhealth.online)
  • This is called an open fracture and needs urgent surgery. (renoortho.com)
  • Surgery for distal radius fractures may be required depending on the severity of break, location of the affected area and whether or not the fracture is displaced. (renoortho.com)
  • Distal radius fractures do not always require surgery. (renoortho.com)
  • Once physicians take into account factors like the age and activity level of the patient and the nature of the fracture, they can determine if the fracture can be reset without surgery (closed reduction) or requires surgery (open reduction). (sports-health.com)
  • Infection: More common in open fractures, where the skin is broken, or after surgery. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • WRIST Group 2019, ' Predicting Outcomes After Distal Radius Fracture: A 24-Center International Clinical Trial of Older Adults ', Journal of Hand Surgery , vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 762-771. (umn.edu)
  • How long does pain last after distal radius surgery? (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Highly comminuted intra-articular fractures are unstable in anyone's hands and will require surgery. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • However, if you don't have surgery, you may start wrist motion later to avoid shifting of the fracture. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To evaluate the outcomes of adding arthroscopy to osteosynthesis of distal radius fractures (DRF) with volar locking plate (VLP), by Patient -Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) 1 year after surgery . (bvsalud.org)
  • Although all classification systems have serious problems, there is general agreement on the meaning of at least some of the classification terms (eg, Melone IV or AO C3 fracture), and these terms do add some degree of specificity and understanding to the generic designation DRF. (medscape.com)
  • Imaging will also help determine the classification of the fracture. (sports-health.com)
  • All fractures were grouped according to demographic (sex and age) and radiological parameters (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification, accompanying ulna styloid fracture, radial inclination, radial height, volar tilt, and ulnar variance). (ac.ir)
  • According to the AO classification, 82 (81.2%) were type A, 4 (4%) were type B, and 15 (14.9%) were type C. While 54 (53.5%) cases had ulna styloid fractures, the remaining 47 (46.5%) did not. (ac.ir)
  • Consistency of AO fracture classification for the distal radius. (ac.ir)
  • Rundgren J, Bojan A, Mellstrand Navarro C, Enocson A. Epidemiology, classification, treatment and mortality of distal radius fractures in adults: An observational study of 23,394 fractures from the national Swedish fracture register. (ac.ir)
  • The open fracture designations in the assignment of the 7th character for fractures of the forearm, femur and lower leg, including ankle are based on the Gustilo open fracture classification. (icdlist.com)
  • When the Gustilo classification type is not specified for an open fracture, the 7th character for open fracture type I or II should be assigned (B, E, H, M, Q). (icdlist.com)
  • In this study, we performed osteosynthesis for a distal radius fracture using a minimally invasive approach for a patient with skin disorder of the forearm and obtained favorable results. (hindawi.com)
  • In recent years, there have been some studies on a minimally invasive approach in volar locking plate osteosynthesis for distal radius fractures [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Palmar fixed-angle plate osteosynthesis is the primary technique of choice for the operative treatment of most types of fracture. (profsauerbier.com)
  • An anatomic description of the fracture is the easiest way to describe the fracture, determine treatment, and assess stability. (wikipedia.org)
  • In current practice, as a result of greater knowledge of the varieties of fracture configurations, eponyms tend to be avoided, and a direct description of the fracture is preferred. (medscape.com)
  • Malunion results were often nonsymptomatic, especially in elderly patients with AO types A and B. Care should be taken to ensure the reduction is complete in AO type C fractures in young male patients. (ac.ir)
  • This is the story of Jack's journey to understand and manage his radius and ulnar shaft fracture. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • In cases of dislocation of the joint surface with an angle below 10 degrees and a shortening of the radius by less than 2 mm, conservative treatment with a lower arm plaster case or thermoplastic splint immobilisation for 4 to 5 weeks can be used. (profsauerbier.com)
  • A radius fracture with ulna dislocation at the wrist. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • There are various ways to manage forearm fractures, depending on the fracture type and severity. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • A healthcare provider will examine your arm and assess the severity of the fracture. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • Recovery time can vary depending on the severity of the fracture and the type of treatment used. (cmcdubai.ae)
  • A Colles fracture is a break in the radius close to the wrist. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In particular, the experimental tests recently conducted by the authors and their colleagues on a number of cadaver radii under boundary conditions leading to Colles' fracture are simulated, and the results are compared with the experimental outcome. (asme.org)
  • Ulnar styloid fractures associated with distal radius fractures: Incidence and implications for distal radioulnar joint instability. (ac.ir)
  • Purpose: Current evidence on predictors of outcomes after distal radius fracture is often based on retrospective analyses or may be confounded by fracture type. (umn.edu)
  • We investigated the relationship between demographic and radiological parameters and functional outcomes in conservatively treated distal radius fractures. (ac.ir)
  • The functional outcomes of displaced distal radius fractures were not always correlated with radiological parameters. (ac.ir)
  • Anzarut A, Johnson JA, Rowe BH, Lambert RG, Blitz S, Majumdar SR. Radiologic and patient-reported functional outcomes in an elderly cohort with conservatively treated distal radius fractures. (ac.ir)
  • In addition to primary prevention strategies, efforts should be made to improve patients' outcomes after a fragility fracture and optimize their overall management. (medscape.com)
  • We report the case of a 19-year-old man presenting with severe pain and numbness of the thumb, index, and middle fingers and half of the ring finger along with weakness of abduction and opposition of the thumb after fracture of the radial shaft. (hindawi.com)
  • Closed forearm fracture sometimes leads to complaints of severe pain, numbness, and/or weakness of the muscle in the territory of median nerve innervation. (hindawi.com)
  • In a more severe fracture, the wrist may have an unusual bump or be positioned at an odd angle. (handhealth.online)
  • Conclusion This study demonstrates that there are a small proportion of patients who are still suffering moderate to very severe pain and disability one year post fracture of the distal radius. (phytid.org)
  • 2 of them became permanent- ly paraplegic and 2 others who had severe thoracic vertebral fractures and paraplegia on first observation were transferred to other hospitals for treatment. (who.int)
  • We investigated the effect of pneumatic pressure applied to the proximal musculature of the sheep foreleg on load at the site of a transverse osteotomy of the distal radius. (nih.gov)
  • [ 3 ] Fractures of the vertebrae (spine), proximal femur (hip) and distal forearm (wrist) have long been regarded as 'typical' osteoporotic fractures with a substantial variation in their incidence between populations, sexes, different age groups and even between urban and rural areas. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] In 2000, there were an estimated nine million new osteoporotic fractures worldwide, with approximately 1.7 million forearm fractures, 1.6 million hip fractures and 1.4 million vertebral fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment of a DRF depends on a solid understanding of the anatomy of the radius. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical practice guideline is based on a systematic review of published studies on the treatment of distal radius fractures in adults. (sogacot.org)
  • In previous years, this type of fracture was subject to conservative treatment using immobilisation with a plaster cast. (profsauerbier.com)
  • The choice of treatment will depend on your age, level of activity, nature of fracture and your surgeon's preference. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • Minor fractures with minimal displacement do very well with nonsurgical treatment. (renoortho.com)
  • of radius AND ulna 25600 Closed treatment of distal radial fracture (e.g. (namokarhealthcare.com)
  • This method of fracture treatment is preferred in many settings and it will be tried first in. (namokarhealthcare.com)
  • In recent years, the open treatment of a distal radial fracture has become very complicated. (namokarhealthcare.com)
  • Nonsurgical Treatment If the distal radius fracture is in a good position, a splint or cast is applied. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • McQueen MM, Hajducka C, Court-Brown CM. Redisplaced unstable fractures of the distal radius: A prospective randomised comparison of four methods of treatment. (ac.ir)
  • Chang HC, Tay SC, Chan BK, Low CO. Conservative treatment of redisplaced Colles' fractures in elderly patients older than 60 years old - Anatomical and functional outcome. (ac.ir)
  • Traumatic fractures are coded using the appropriate 7th character for initial encounter (A, B, C) for each encounter where the patient is receiving active treatment for the fracture. (icdlist.com)
  • The appropriate 7th character for initial encounter should also be assigned for a patient who delayed seeking treatment for the fracture or nonunion. (icdlist.com)
  • Fractures are coded using the appropriate 7th character for subsequent care for encounters after the patient has completed active treatment of the fracture and is receiving routine care for the fracture during the healing or recovery phase. (icdlist.com)
  • This creates an even greater economic strain on the individual and society than just the burden of treatment for the fracture alone. (phytid.org)
  • Lichtman DM, Bindra RR, Boyer MI, Putman MD, Ring D. Distal radius work group: the treatment of distal radius fractures. (ijoro.org)
  • Vargaonkar G. Distal end radius fractures: evaluation of results of various treatments and assessment of treatment choice. (ijoro.org)
  • Proof-of-concept Study With NVDX3 for Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures. (who.int)
  • A First-in-human Proof-of-concept Study With NVDX3, an Osteogenic Implant of Human Allogenic Origin, in the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures in Adults. (who.int)
  • As populations are aging, osteoporotic fractures are common and they are associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, disability, pain and a high cost of treatment. (medscape.com)
  • A multidisciplinary approach and the establishment of clinical pathways are mandatory to ensure optimization of treatment and adherence to prevention strategies of secondary fractures. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to their significant medical costs worldwide, [ 4 ] osteoporotic fractures also represent a major cause of morbidity in older people, often necessitating hospitalization and operative treatment, and resulting in loss of patient's mobility and autonomy. (medscape.com)
  • A dorsal tilt of a distal radius fracture is shown in red in image at right. (wikipedia.org)
  • This system breaks distal radius fractures down into 4 components: radial styloid, dorsal medial fragment, volar medial fragment, and radial shaft. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clinical manifestations may include dorsal angulation or displacement of the distal radius (silver fork or dinner fork deformity) in addition to pain, swelling, and tenderness. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The triangular fibrocartilage and the dorsal and volar ligaments arise from the ulnar aspect of the lunate facet of the radius. (medscape.com)
  • There are a number of ways to classify distal radius fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes, a computer tomography (CT) scan may be required to get a detailed view of the fractured fragments. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • This suggested direct involvement of the median nerve at the fracture site, so magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the forearm was performed to identify any entrapment. (hindawi.com)
  • Short tau inversion recovery MRI visualized significant deviation and entrapment of the median nerve at the fracture site. (hindawi.com)
  • We encountered a case with median nerve entrapment associated with a simple radius shaft fracture. (hindawi.com)
  • Short tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging shows significant deviation of the median nerve toward the fracture site of the radius (arrow). (hindawi.com)
  • Intraoperative view of the entrapped median nerve at the fracture site of the radius. (hindawi.com)
  • Median nerve entrapment in association with forearm fractures is uncommon. (hindawi.com)
  • Alongside the impairment of wrist function, this type of fracture can also lead to permanent functional impairment of the hand. (profsauerbier.com)
  • The distal radius can be broken in various ways, but generally occurs around 1 inch from the distal end of the wrist. (westchesterhandandwrist.com)
  • It PRKCB2 is a fracture which occurs more frequently than any other wrist fracture, posing an extreme strain on health services [6]. (phytid.org)
  • S52.321 is a non-specific and non-billable ICD-10 code code, consider using a code with a higher level of specificity for a diagnosis of displaced transverse fracture of shaft of right radius. (icdlist.com)
  • Finger traps can be used to help with closed reduction of the distal radius. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Jack's fracture was managed with a closed reduction and a synthetic cast. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • When distal radius fractures are not simple fracture patterns, reduction may best be performed in the hands of an orthopedist or hand surgeon. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)
  • Matériel et méthodes: Etude rétrospective portant sur 53 patients traités dans le service de chirurgie pédiatrique entre 2002 et 2012 pour une fracture décollement épiphysaire du radius distal. (bvsalud.org)
  • The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is the articulation of the distal radius and ulnar head. (medscape.com)
  • We investigated the patterns of opioid prescription after distal radius fracture and the effect of pre- and post-fracture factors on the risk for prolonged use. (lu.se)
  • It's only used for serious fractures that can't be treated with a cast or splint. (namokarhealthcare.com)
  • This is relevant because it is what supports the lunate facet, and it must be stabilized in volarly unstable fractures. (medscape.com)
  • For those who, like Jack, experience a forearm fracture, Urgent Care Brisbane can provide comprehensive care without needing to visit the hospital emergency department. (urgentcarebne.com.au)
  • The distal radius does have a cartilage joint surface that helps the wrist joint glide smoothly. (renoortho.com)
  • Smith in 1854 described a volar angulated fracture of the distal radius with a 'Garden Spade' deformity. (orthopaper.com)
  • You may have a deformity in the shape of the wrist if the fracture is bad enough. (kingfisherbeerusa.com)